fizika X - Ganatleba

Teimuraz gaCeCilaZe, rusudan qanTaria, leila CiCua
fizika
X
maswavleblis wigni
gamomcemloba
`saqarTvelos macne~
2009

Sesavali
fizikis X klasis saxelmZRvanelos mizania ganaTlebis
erovnuli programis Sesabamisad fizikis standartSi mocemul
sakiTxTa gadmocema, moswavleTaTvis misaRwevi
Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
saxelmZRvanelo moicavs iseT savarjiSoebsa da aqtivobebs,
romlebic uzrunvelyofs moswavlis mier standartiT
gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebis miRwevas Sesabamisi
indikatorebiT.
saxelmZRvaneloSi 27 paragrafia, romelTa umravlesoba
Seicavs eqsperimentul samuSaoebs. radgan eqsperimentuli
samuSaoebis Catareba moiTxovs sakmao dros,
migvaCnia, rom aseTi masalis aTvisebas SeiZleba ori
gakveTili daeTmos (ix. saswavlo masalis Tematuri ganawileba).
saxelmZRvanelos yovel Tavs aqvs Sesavali, romelSic
naCvenebia standartis moTxovnaTa ra nawilia realizebuli
masSi.
ganvlili masalis gameorebisaTvis Tavebis bolos mocemulia
mokle mimoxilva, xolo codnis kontrolisa da
moswavleTa TviTSefasebisaTvis _ testebi da amocanebi.
paragrafis teqsti martivia da misi aTviseba emsaxureba
moswavleebSi analitikuri azrovnebis ganviTarebas.
gakveTilis Seswavla moiTxovs sxvadasxva aqtivobebs
(diskusia, eqsperimenti, muSaoba wyvilebsa da jgufebSi),
rac saswavlo-SemecnebiT procesSi moswavleebis aqtiur
CarTvas iTvaliswinebs da xels uwyobs:
kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas;
miRebuli Sedegebis analizis, daskvnis gamotanisa da
dasabuTebis unarebis ganviTarebas.
gaazrebis etapis ganxorcielebisaTvis gTavazobT ilustrirebul
kiTxvebs, zogjer jgufur samuSaoebsac,
romelic ganTavsebulia rubrikaSi `gaazreba~. sagakve-
Tilo masala mTavrdeba saSinao davalebiT.

zogierTi ganmarteba jgufuri muSaobis organizaciis,
diskusiis Catarebisa da prezentaciis Sesaxeb
1. klasi iyofa imden jgufad, ramdensac maswavlebeli
CaTvlis saWirod.
2. TiToeul jgufSi wevrebs Soris davaleba nawildeba
Tanabrad, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos TiToeuli moswavlis
individualuri wvlilis dafiqsireba da Sefaseba.
3. sawyis etapze jgufebis Semadgenloba cvalebadia. jgufebis
dakompleqtebisas unda gaiTvaliswinoT moswavlis
pirovnuli Tvisebebi, raTa maqsimalurad Seewyos
xeli misi SesaZleblobebis realizacias. sasurvelia,
Tu jgufSi gaerTiandebian codnis sxvadasxva donisa
da unarebis moswavleebi, rac maT urTierTSevsebis,
codnis gamdidrebisa da unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebis
saSualebas miscems.
4. jgufi muSaobs erT magidasTan da samuSaos asrulebs
maswavleblis mier miTiTebul droSi. jgufuri muSaobis
dros sasurvelia sxvadasxva jgufs gansxvavebuli
davalebebi misceT, rac saSualebas mogcemT: 1. dazogoT
sagakveTilo dro; 2. gazardoT jgufuri samuSaoebis
Sedegebis wardgenisas moswavleTa motivacia.
5. sasurvelia wavaxalisoT samuSaos msvlelobisa da
Sedegebis erToblivi ganxilva, urTierTdaxmareba.
susti Tanaklaselis daxmarebisas Zlieri moswavle
aranakleb sargeblobas iRebs, vinaidan misi codna aqtiurdeba,
eCveva Tavisi azris argumentirebul gamo-
Tqmas.
6. jgufuri samuSaos dros maswavlebeli Tanabar yuradRebas
uTmobs jgufebs, reagirebs kiTxvebze, aucileblobis
SemTxvevaSi _ exmareba maT.

7. prezentacia _ Sesrulebuli davalebis warmoCena _
jgufuri muSaobis mniSvnelovani etapia. Sesrulebuli
samuSaos warmodgenas axdens jgufis erT-erTi wevri
werilobiT, plakatis saSualebiT an zepirad. sasurvelia
dro ise ganawildes, rom SesaZlebeli iyos yvela
jgufis mosmena.
8. prezentaciis dasrulebis Semdeg, Tu dro amis saSualebas
iZleva, sasurvelia diskusiis mowyoba, xolo
Tu gakveTili mTlianad eZRvneba jgufur samuSaos _
aucilebeli. diskusia xels uwyobs iseTi sasargeblo
unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, rogoricaa: aqtiuri mosmena,
sakuTari azris gamoxatva da misi argumentacia,
Secdomis daSvebis SiSis daZleva, gansxvavebuli azris
mimarT Semwynarebloba da sxva. amas xels uwyobs zogadi
wesebic, romelTa SemuSaveba xdeba moswavleebTan
erTad. saxeldobr:
•
•
•
•
•
roca erTi laparakobs, danarCenebma usmineT;
ar gaawyvetino sityva sxvas;
ar gaicino, Tu moswavlis azri ar mogewona;
xeliT aniSne, Tu raimes Tqma gsurs;
kamaTSi monawileoba SegiZliaT yvelas.

fizika
X klasi
1. moswavle ikvlevs elqtrul da magnitur movlenebs.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:
• gegmavs da atarebs eqsperimentebs kulonis kanonis
sademonstraciod;
• agebs eleqtruli wreds gamtarTa paraleluri da
mimdevrobiTi SeerTebisaTvis, ikvlevs raodenobriv
kavSirs eleqtruli wredis maxasiaTebel parametrebs
Soris;
• iyenebs omis kanons wredis ubnisaTvis/sruli wredisaTvis
sxvadasxva tipis problemis gadasaWrelad;
• poulobs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi eleqtrobasTan
dakavSirebuli problemis gadaWris gzas (magali-
Tad, adgens eleqtrul sqemas konkretuli saWiroebidan
gamomdinare);
• xsnis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi moxmarebuli
eleqtruli xelsawyoebis moqmedebis princips;
• agebs martivi xelsawyos models eleqtromagnitis
gamoyenebiT da akeTebs demonstrirebas;
• avlens usafrTxoebis wesebis codnas eqsperimentebis
dagegmvisa da Catarebisas, aseve yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi eleqtruli xelsawyoebis moxmarebisas.
2. moswavle akavSirebs mecnierul aRmoCenebs fizikaSi
yoveldRiurobasTan.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:
• moipovebs informacias sxvadasxva tipis eleqtruli
xelsawyoebis Seqmnasa da ganviTarebaze, ikvlevs maT
gavlenas sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze da garemoze,
warmoadgens proeqtis saxiT;

• afasebs naxevargamtaris aRmoCenis mniSvnelobas da
ganixilavs am aRmoCenis rols teqnologiuri procesebis
ganviTarebaSi, akeTebs prezentacias.
sarekomendacio Sinaarsi
eleqtrostatika
eleqtruli veli, damuxtuli sxeulebis urTierTqmedeba.
kulonis kanoni. dieleqtrikuli SeRwevadoba.
eleqtruli velis daZabuloba, superpoziciis principi.
eleqtrostatikuri velis muSaoba. eleqtruli velis
potenciali. potencialTa sxvaoba.
eleqtrotevadoba, kondensatori, brtyeli kondensatoris
eleqtrotevadoba.
eleqtruli deni
denis Zala, Zabva, gamtaris winaRoba, kuTri winaRoba.
winaRobis damokidebuleba temperaturaze. omis kanoni
wredis ubnisaTvis. gamtarTa paraleluri da mimdevrobiTi
SeerTeba. denis muSaoba da simZlavre.
joul-lencis kanoni. denis wyaros emZ, denis wyaros
Siga winaRoba. omis kanoni sruli wredisaTvis.
eleqtruli deni siTxeSi, airSi da vakuumSi.
naxevargamtari, eleqtruli deni naxevargamtarSi.
magnituri veli
magnituri veli, deniani gamtarebis urTierTqmedeba.

Sinaarsisa da miznebis ruka
saswavlo
drois xangrZlivoba*
indikatoris
Sesrulebis
saSualebebi
standartis Sesabamisi Sedegebi
da indikatorebi
Temis
dasaxeleba
1. moswavle ikvlevs eleqtrul da magnitur
movlenebs.
1.1 eleqtruli muxtebi. kulonis
kanoni
eqsperimenti
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:
1.2 eleqtruli velis daZabuloba
• gegmavs da atarebs eqsperimentebs kulonis
kanonis sademonstraciod;
1.3 eleqtruli veli gamtarebsa
da dieleqtrikebSi
• xsnis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi moxmarebuli
el. xelsawyoebis moqmedebis
princips;
1.5 eleqtrostatikuri velis
muSaoba da energia
20 sT.
diskusia
• avlens usafrTxoebis wesebis codnas
eqsperimentebis dagegmvisa da Catarebisas,
aseve yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi
eleqtruli xelsawyoebis moxmarebisas.
1.6 eleqtrostatikuri velis
potenciali da potencialTa
sxvaoba
1.8 eleqtrotevadoba. kondensatorebi.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:
1.9 kondensatorebis tipebi.
• moipovebs informacias sxvadasxva ti-
kondensatorebis SeerTeba
pis eleqtruli xelsawyoebis Seqmnasa
1.10 eleqtruli velis energia. da ganviTarebaze, ikvlevs maT gavlenas
kondensatoris energia. sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze da gare-
____________
moze, warmoadgens proeqtis saxiT.
* saaTebis miTiTebuli raodenoba sarekomendacioa da ara _ savaldebulo.

saswavlo
drois xangrZlivoba*
indikatoris
Sesrulebis
saSualebebi
standartis Sesabamisi Sedegebi
da indikatorebi
Temis
dasaxeleba
2.1 eleqtruli deni
2.2 Zabva
eqsperimenti
2.3 gamtarTa winaRoba
2.4 gamtaris winaRobis
damokidebuleba
temperaturaze
2.5 omis kanoni wredis
ubnisaTvis
15 sT.
diskusia
moswavle ikvlevs eleqtrul da magnitur movlenebs.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:
• agebs eleqtruli wreds gamtarTa paraleluri da mimdevrobiTi
SeerTebisaTvis, ikvlevs raodenobriv kavSirs eleqtruli
wredis maxasiaTebel parametrebs Soris;
• iyenebs omis kanons wredis ubnisaTvis/sruli wredisaTvis sxvadasxva
tipis problemis gadasaWrelad;
• poulobs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi eleqtrobasTan dakavSirebuli
problemis gadaWris gzas (mag., adgens eleqtrul sqemas
konkretuli saWiroebidan gamomdinare);
• xsnis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi moxmarebuli eleqtruli xelsawyoebis
moqmedebis princips;
• avlens usafrTxoebis wesebis codnas eqsperimentebis dagegmvisa
da Catarebisas, aseve yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi eleqtruli
xelsawyoebis moxmarebisas.
2.7 gamtarebis mimdevrobiTi
da paraleluri
SeerTeba
2. moswavle akavSirebs mecnierul aRmoCenebs fizikaSi yoveldRiurobasTan.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:
• moipovebs informacias sxvadasxva tipis eleqtruli xelsawyoebis
Seqmnasa da ganviTarebaze, ikvlevs maT gavlenas
sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze da garemoze, warmoadgens proeqtis
saxiT;
2.8 denis muSaoba da
simZlavre
2.10 denis wyaros eleqtromamoZravebeli
Zala. omis kanoni Caketili
wredisaTvis

saswavlo
drois xangrZlivoba*
indikatoris
Sesrulebis
saSualebebi
standartis Sesabamisi Sedegebi
da indikatorebi
Temis
dasaxeleba
10
moswavle ikvlevs eleqtrul da magnitur movlenebs.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:
2.12 eleqtruli deni liTonebsa
da siTxeebSi
eqsperimenti
2.13 eleqtruli deni airSi
8 sT.
• poulobs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi eleqtrobasTan
dakavSirebuli problemis gadaWris gzas (mag., adgens
eleqtrul sqemas konkretuli saWiroebidan gamomdinare);
• xsnis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi moxmarebuli
eleqtruli xelsawyoebis moqmedebis princips;
2.14 eleqtruli deni vakuumSi.
vakuumiani diodi
diskusia
• agebs martivi xelsawyos models eleqtruli magnitis
gamoyenebiT da akeTebs demonstrirebas;
2.15 naxevargamtarebi. elqtruli
deni naxevargamtarebSi
• avlens usafrTxoebis wesebis codnas eqsperimentebis
dagegmvisa da Catarebisas, aseve yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi eleqtruli xelsawyoebis moxmarebisas.
2.16 magnituri veli.
2. moswavle akavSirebs mecnierul aRmoCenebs fizika-
Si yoveldRiurobasTan.
deniani gamtarebis magnituri
urTierTqmedeba.
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:
• afasebs naxevargamtaris aRmoCenis mniSvnelobas da
ganixilavs am aRmoCenis rols teqnologiuri procesebis
ganviTarebaSi, akeTebs prezentacias.

saswavlo masalis Tematuri ganawileba
1. eleqtruli muxtebi. kulonis kanoni _ 2 sT.
2. eleqtruli velis daZabuloba _ 2 sT.
3. eleqtruli veli gamtarebsa da dieleqtrikebSi _ 1 sT.
4. amocanebis amoxsna _ 2 sT.
5. eleqtrostatikuri velis muSaoba da energia _ 2 sT.
6. eleqtrostatikuri velis potenciali da
potencialTa sxvaoba _ 2 sT.
7. amocanebis amoxsna _ 2 sT.
8. eleqtrotevadoba. kondensatorebi _ 2 sT.
9. kondensatorebis tipebi. kondensatorebis SeerTeba _ 2 sT.
10. eleqtruli velis energia. kondensatoris energia _ 1 sT.
11. amocanebis amoxsna _ 2 sT.
12. eleqtruli deni _ 1 sT.
13. Zabva _ 1 sT.
14. gamtarTa winaRoba _ 1 sT.
15. gamtaris winaRobis damokidebuleba temperaturaze _ 1 sT.
16. omis kanoni wredis ubnisaTvis _ 1 sT.
17. amocanebis amoxsna _ 1 sT.
18. gamtarebis mimdevrobiTi da paraleluri SeerTeba _ 2 sT.
19. denis muSaoba da simZlavre _ 1 sT.
20. amocanebis amoxsna _ 2 sT.
21. denis wyaros eleqtromamoZravebeli Zala
2.10 omis kanoni Caketili wredisaTvis _ 2 sT.
22. amocanebis amoxsna _ 2 sT.
23. eleqtruli deni liTonebsa da siTxeebSi _ 1 sT.
24. eleqtruli deni airSi _ 1 sT.
25. eleqtruli deni vakuumSi. vakuumiani diodi _ 1 sT.
11

26. naxevargamtarebi. eleqtruli deni
naxevargamtarebSi _ 2 sT.
27. magnituri veli. deniani gamtarebis magnituri
urTierTqmedeba _ 2 sT.
28. kolokviumi _ 1 sT.
12
X klasSi fizikis swavlebas eTmoba 48 saaTi. Cven mier
Sedgenili saswavlo masala gaangariSebulia 43 saaTze.
darCenili 5 saaTi sarezervo droa, romelic maswavle-
belma SeiZleba gamoiyenos Tavisi Sexedulebis mixedviT:
testirebisaTvis, Semajamebeli mecadineobisaTvis da
sxv.

gakveTilis dagegmvis cxrili
2.6 gamtarebis mimdevrobiTi da paraleluri SeerTeba (2 sT.)
Sefasebis
forma
drois
resursebi
ganawileba
40 wT. saxelmZRvanelo
moswavleebis
organizeba
saswavlo miznebi Tema aqtivobebi
Canawerebis
gacnoba
jgufuri
muSaoba
eqsperimentis
Catareba
eleqtruli
wredi
• eqsperimentuli
kvlevis unar-
Cvevebis ganviTareba.
sadgarze
damagrebuli
ori naTura,
denis wyaro
(akumulatori
an jibis farnis
eqsperimentis jgufebidan 15 wT. batarea),
dakvirveba
Sedegebis TiTo wevri
CamrTveli,
warmodgena
SemaerTebeli
sadenebi,
ampermetri,
diskusia mTeli klasi 20 wT. voltmetri. dakvirveba
10 wT. Canawerebis
gacnoba
individualuri
rubrikaSi
`gaazreba~
mocemuli
davalebis
Sesruleba
saxelmZRvanelo,
samuSao
rveuli
individualuri
saSinao
davaleba
• gamtarTa
paralelur da
mimdevrobiTi
SeerTebiT wredis
awyoba. mimdevrobiTi
da paraleluri
SeerTebis
Taviseburebebis
dadgena da maT
eleqtrul
maxasiaTebel
parametrebs Soris
raodenobrivi
kavSiris gamokvleva.
omis kanonis
gamoyeneba sxvadasxva
tipis problemis
gadaWrisaTvis.
1

kavSiri standartTan
1
sanimuSo gakveTilebis scenarebi
2.6 gamtarebis mimdevrobiTi
da paraleluri SeerTeba
mimarTuleba: fizikuri movlenebi
moswavle ikvlevs eleqtrul da magnitur movlenebs
• agebs eleqtrul wreds gamtarTa paraleluri
da mimdevrobiTi SeerTebisaTvis, ikvlevs raodenobriv
kavSirs eleqtruli wredis maxasiaTebel
parametrebs Soris.
• iyenebs omis kanons wredis ubnisaTvis sxvadasxva
tipis problemis gadasaWrelad.
gakveTilis miznebi:
1. eqsperimentuli kvlevis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
2. gamtarTa paralelur da mimdevrobiTi SeerTebiT
wredis awyoba. mimdevrobiTi da paraleluri Seer-
Tebis Taviseburebebis dadgena da maT eleqtrul
maxasiaTebel parametrebs Soris raodenobrivi kav-
Siris gamokvleva. omis kanonis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva
tipis problemis gadaWrisaTvis.
Temis Seswavlas eTmoba ori gakveTili.
saWiro masala:
sadgarze damagrebuli ori naTura, denis wyaro (akumulatori
an batarea), CamrTveli, SemaerTebeli sadenebi,
ampermetri, voltmetri.

procedura
I etapi (5 wT)
I gakveTili
1. dayaviT klasi jgufebad.
II etapi _ (40 wuTi)
2. jgufebad dayofil moswavleebs mimarTeT, rom eqsperimentis
saSualebiT Seiswavlon gamtarTa mimdevrobiTi
da paraleluri SeerTeba. savaraudod,
jgufebma gamtarTa mimdevrobiTi SeerTebis eqsperiments
unda dauTmon 20 wT., aseve gamtarTa paraleluri
SeerTebis eqsperiments _ 20 wuTi.
3. TiToeul jgufs sTxoveT gaecnon samuSao magidaze
moTavsebul xelsawyoebs.
4. sTxoveT moswavleebs guldasmiT waikiTxon saxelmZRvaneloSi
mocemuli eqsperimentebis aRwera da
Caataron eqsperimentebi.
5. sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom eqsperimentis Catarebis
Semdeg cdis monacemebi Seitanon Sesabamis cxrileb-
Si.
6. mieciT moswavleebs saSinao davaleba: gaanalizon
cdis Sedegebi da gamoitanon daskvna.
III etapi (15 wT)
II gakveTili
7. sTxoveT moswavleebs moaxdinon maT mier Catarebuli
eqsperimentebis Sedegebis prezentacia.
IV etapi _ diskusia (20 wT)
8. sTxoveT moswavleebs CaerTon diskusiaSi.
9. diskusia warmarTeT Semdegi damxmare kiTxvebiT:
1

a) sxvadasxvaa Tu ara denis Zala wredis calkeul ubanze
gamtarebis mimdevrobiT SeerTebisas.
(pasuxi: wredis calkeul ubanze denis Zala erTi da
igivea I=I 1 =I 2 ).
b) ra moxdeboda denis Zala calkeul ubnebze sxvadasxva
rom iyos?
(pasuxi: denis Zala calkeul ubnebze sxvadasxva rom
iyos, moxdeboda muxtebis dagroveba wredis romelime
wertilSi).
g) risi tolia Zabva mTel wredSi?
(pasuxi: pasuxi: Zabva mTel wredSi tolia TiToeul
ubanze Zabvebis jamisa U=U 1 +U 2 ).
d) omis kanonis gamoyenebiT gamosaxe Zabva mTel wredSi
da calkeul ubnebze.
(pasuxi: U=IR. U1=IR 1 U 2 =IR 2 ).
e) risi tolia mTeli wredis winaRoba mimdevrobiT
SeerTebisas.
(pasuxi: mTeli wredis winaRoba tolia TiToeuli
gamtaris winaRobaTa jamisa R=R 1 +R 2 ).
v) ra kavSiri arsebobs mimdevrobiTi SeerTebisas Zabvebsa
da winaRobebs Soris.
(pasuxi: Zabva TiToeul gamtarze maTi winaRobebis
R1 R2 proporciulia U1 U
= ).
2
z) romeli formuliT gamoiTvleba winaRoba gamtarebis
mimdevrobiTi SeerTebisas, Tu wredi Sedgeba n gamtarisagan.
(pasuxi: R=R +R + . . . + R ).
1 2 n
T) gansxvavdeba Tu ara erTmaneTisgan TiToeul gamtarze
modebuli Zabva gamtarebis paraleluri SeerTebisas.
1

(pasuxi: paraleluri SeerTebisas Zabva yvela gamtaris
boloebze erTi da igivea U=U 1 =U 2 ) .
i) ra kavSiri arsebobs wredis araganStoebul nawil-
Si da TiToeul gamtarSi denis Zalis sidideebs
Soris.
(pasuxi: denis Zala wredSi tolia paralelurad
SeerTebul TiToeul gamtarSi gamavali denis Zalebis
jamisa. I=I 1 +I 2 ) .
k) omis kanonis gamoyenebiT gamosaxe denis Zala mTel
wredsa da calkeul ubnebSi
(pasuxi: I
U
= ;
R
I
U
1 = ;
R 1
I 2 =
l) ra damokidebuleba arsebobs TiToeul gamtarSi
denis Zalasa da winaRobebs Soris?
(pasuxi: I 1
I 2
=
R2 R1 ).
m) romeli formuliT gamoiTvleba wredis sruli wina-
Roba paraleluri SeerTebisas.
(pasuxi:
1
R
= 1
R 1
V etapi _ gaazreba (10 wT.)
+ 1
R 2
, aqedan R=
R 1 R 2
R 1 +R 2
9. sTxoveT moswavleebs gaecnon `gaazrebaSi~ mocemul
amocanebs da amoxsnan isini.
(pasuxi: 1. Tu r =r =r = . . .= r = r, maSin R =n r
1 2 3 n
2.
1 1
r
= n, aqedan R = ).
R r
n
moswavleebi amoxsnil amocanebs warmoadgenen samuSao
rveulSi Canaweris saxiT.
U
R 2
).
).
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10. mieciT moswavleebs saSinao davaleba.
aqtivobis SefasebisaTvis gamoiyeneT Tqven mier Ser-
Ceuli komponenti. magaliTad, gakveTilSi CarTuloba,
eqsperimentis Catareba, eqsperimentis Sedegebis warmodgena.
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moswavleebi SeafaseT Semdegi rubrikebis mixedviT:
1. eqsperimentis Catareba;
2. kvlevis mimdinareobis aRwera;
3. miRebuli Sedegebis gaanalizeba;
4. daskvnebis gamotana;
5. sakuTari azris argumentirebulad Camoyalibeba.
saSinao davalebis pasuxebi
1. mimdevrobiTi SeerTebisas U=U 1 +U 2 +... , amitom SeiZleba
CairTos 220 naTura.
2. U 1 ; U 2 ; U_?
R 1 = omi
R 2 = omi
I 2 = 0, a
3. I 1 ; I 2 ; I_?
R 1 = 2 omi
R 2 = omi
U = 12 v
U 1 = IR 1
U 2 = IR 2
U = U 1 + U 2
R1
R2
12 v
U 1 =1,6 v
U 2 = 2,4 v
U = 4 v
R = R 1 . R 2
R 1 + R 2
I = U
R
I 1 = U
R 1
I 2 = U
R 2
R = 1,2 omi
I =10 a
I 1 = a
I 2 = a

4. U 1 ; U 2 ; U 3 _ ?
U 4 ; U BC _ ?
R 1 = omi
R 2 = omi
R 3 = 12 omi
R 4 = 20 omi
I 1 = 1 a
paralelurad SeerTebul gamtarebze
Zabva erTi da igivea. R 2 da R 3 SeerTebu-
lia paralelurad, amitom U 3 =U 2 =U BC .
U 3 = I 1 R 3 = 12 v. deni R 2 gamtarSi iqneba
I 2
= U 2
R 2
= 2 a.
ganuStoebel nawilSi denis Zala
tolia TiToeul gamtarSi denis Za-
lebis jamis I = I 1 + I 2 = a.
Zabva R 1 -ze U 1 = IR 1 = 12 v
Zabva R 4 -ze U 4 = IR 4 = 0 v
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