fizika X - Ganatleba
fizika X - Ganatleba
fizika X - Ganatleba
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Teimuraz gaCeCilaZe, rusudan qanTaria, leila CiCua<br />
<strong>fizika</strong><br />
X<br />
maswavleblis wigni<br />
gamomcemloba<br />
`saqarTvelos macne~<br />
2009
Sesavali<br />
fizikis X klasis saxelmZRvanelos mizania ganaTlebis<br />
erovnuli programis Sesabamisad fizikis standartSi mocemul<br />
sakiTxTa gadmocema, moswavleTaTvis misaRwevi<br />
Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo moicavs iseT savarjiSoebsa da aqtivobebs,<br />
romlebic uzrunvelyofs moswavlis mier standartiT<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebis miRwevas Sesabamisi<br />
indikatorebiT.<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi 27 paragrafia, romelTa umravlesoba<br />
Seicavs eqsperimentul samuSaoebs. radgan eqsperimentuli<br />
samuSaoebis Catareba moiTxovs sakmao dros,<br />
migvaCnia, rom aseTi masalis aTvisebas SeiZleba ori<br />
gakveTili daeTmos (ix. saswavlo masalis Tematuri ganawileba).<br />
saxelmZRvanelos yovel Tavs aqvs Sesavali, romelSic<br />
naCvenebia standartis moTxovnaTa ra nawilia realizebuli<br />
masSi.<br />
ganvlili masalis gameorebisaTvis Tavebis bolos mocemulia<br />
mokle mimoxilva, xolo codnis kontrolisa da<br />
moswavleTa TviTSefasebisaTvis _ testebi da amocanebi.<br />
paragrafis teqsti martivia da misi aTviseba emsaxureba<br />
moswavleebSi analitikuri azrovnebis ganviTarebas.<br />
gakveTilis Seswavla moiTxovs sxvadasxva aqtivobebs<br />
(diskusia, eqsperimenti, muSaoba wyvilebsa da jgufebSi),<br />
rac saswavlo-SemecnebiT procesSi moswavleebis aqtiur<br />
CarTvas iTvaliswinebs da xels uwyobs:<br />
kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas;<br />
miRebuli Sedegebis analizis, daskvnis gamotanisa da<br />
dasabuTebis unarebis ganviTarebas.<br />
gaazrebis etapis ganxorcielebisaTvis gTavazobT ilustrirebul<br />
kiTxvebs, zogjer jgufur samuSaoebsac,<br />
romelic ganTavsebulia rubrikaSi `gaazreba~. sagakve-<br />
Tilo masala mTavrdeba saSinao davalebiT.
zogierTi ganmarteba jgufuri muSaobis organizaciis,<br />
diskusiis Catarebisa da prezentaciis Sesaxeb<br />
1. klasi iyofa imden jgufad, ramdensac maswavlebeli<br />
CaTvlis saWirod.<br />
2. TiToeul jgufSi wevrebs Soris davaleba nawildeba<br />
Tanabrad, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos TiToeuli moswavlis<br />
individualuri wvlilis dafiqsireba da Sefaseba.<br />
3. sawyis etapze jgufebis Semadgenloba cvalebadia. jgufebis<br />
dakompleqtebisas unda gaiTvaliswinoT moswavlis<br />
pirovnuli Tvisebebi, raTa maqsimalurad Seewyos<br />
xeli misi SesaZleblobebis realizacias. sasurvelia,<br />
Tu jgufSi gaerTiandebian codnis sxvadasxva donisa<br />
da unarebis moswavleebi, rac maT urTierTSevsebis,<br />
codnis gamdidrebisa da unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebis<br />
saSualebas miscems.<br />
4. jgufi muSaobs erT magidasTan da samuSaos asrulebs<br />
maswavleblis mier miTiTebul droSi. jgufuri muSaobis<br />
dros sasurvelia sxvadasxva jgufs gansxvavebuli<br />
davalebebi misceT, rac saSualebas mogcemT: 1. dazogoT<br />
sagakveTilo dro; 2. gazardoT jgufuri samuSaoebis<br />
Sedegebis wardgenisas moswavleTa motivacia.<br />
5. sasurvelia wavaxalisoT samuSaos msvlelobisa da<br />
Sedegebis erToblivi ganxilva, urTierTdaxmareba.<br />
susti Tanaklaselis daxmarebisas Zlieri moswavle<br />
aranakleb sargeblobas iRebs, vinaidan misi codna aqtiurdeba,<br />
eCveva Tavisi azris argumentirebul gamo-<br />
Tqmas.<br />
6. jgufuri samuSaos dros maswavlebeli Tanabar yuradRebas<br />
uTmobs jgufebs, reagirebs kiTxvebze, aucileblobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi _ exmareba maT.
7. prezentacia _ Sesrulebuli davalebis warmoCena _<br />
jgufuri muSaobis mniSvnelovani etapia. Sesrulebuli<br />
samuSaos warmodgenas axdens jgufis erT-erTi wevri<br />
werilobiT, plakatis saSualebiT an zepirad. sasurvelia<br />
dro ise ganawildes, rom SesaZlebeli iyos yvela<br />
jgufis mosmena.<br />
8. prezentaciis dasrulebis Semdeg, Tu dro amis saSualebas<br />
iZleva, sasurvelia diskusiis mowyoba, xolo<br />
Tu gakveTili mTlianad eZRvneba jgufur samuSaos _<br />
aucilebeli. diskusia xels uwyobs iseTi sasargeblo<br />
unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, rogoricaa: aqtiuri mosmena,<br />
sakuTari azris gamoxatva da misi argumentacia,<br />
Secdomis daSvebis SiSis daZleva, gansxvavebuli azris<br />
mimarT Semwynarebloba da sxva. amas xels uwyobs zogadi<br />
wesebic, romelTa SemuSaveba xdeba moswavleebTan<br />
erTad. saxeldobr:<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
roca erTi laparakobs, danarCenebma usmineT;<br />
ar gaawyvetino sityva sxvas;<br />
ar gaicino, Tu moswavlis azri ar mogewona;<br />
xeliT aniSne, Tu raimes Tqma gsurs;<br />
kamaTSi monawileoba SegiZliaT yvelas.
<strong>fizika</strong><br />
X klasi<br />
1. moswavle ikvlevs elqtrul da magnitur movlenebs.<br />
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:<br />
• gegmavs da atarebs eqsperimentebs kulonis kanonis<br />
sademonstraciod;<br />
• agebs eleqtruli wreds gamtarTa paraleluri da<br />
mimdevrobiTi SeerTebisaTvis, ikvlevs raodenobriv<br />
kavSirs eleqtruli wredis maxasiaTebel parametrebs<br />
Soris;<br />
• iyenebs omis kanons wredis ubnisaTvis/sruli wredisaTvis<br />
sxvadasxva tipis problemis gadasaWrelad;<br />
• poulobs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi eleqtrobasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli problemis gadaWris gzas (magali-<br />
Tad, adgens eleqtrul sqemas konkretuli saWiroebidan<br />
gamomdinare);<br />
• xsnis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi moxmarebuli<br />
eleqtruli xelsawyoebis moqmedebis princips;<br />
• agebs martivi xelsawyos models eleqtromagnitis<br />
gamoyenebiT da akeTebs demonstrirebas;<br />
• avlens usafrTxoebis wesebis codnas eqsperimentebis<br />
dagegmvisa da Catarebisas, aseve yoveldRiur<br />
cxovrebaSi eleqtruli xelsawyoebis moxmarebisas.<br />
2. moswavle akavSirebs mecnierul aRmoCenebs <strong>fizika</strong>Si<br />
yoveldRiurobasTan.<br />
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:<br />
• moipovebs informacias sxvadasxva tipis eleqtruli<br />
xelsawyoebis Seqmnasa da ganviTarebaze, ikvlevs maT<br />
gavlenas sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze da garemoze,<br />
warmoadgens proeqtis saxiT;
• afasebs naxevargamtaris aRmoCenis mniSvnelobas da<br />
ganixilavs am aRmoCenis rols teqnologiuri procesebis<br />
ganviTarebaSi, akeTebs prezentacias.<br />
sarekomendacio Sinaarsi<br />
eleqtrostatika<br />
eleqtruli veli, damuxtuli sxeulebis urTierTqmedeba.<br />
kulonis kanoni. dieleqtrikuli SeRwevadoba.<br />
eleqtruli velis daZabuloba, superpoziciis principi.<br />
eleqtrostatikuri velis muSaoba. eleqtruli velis<br />
potenciali. potencialTa sxvaoba.<br />
eleqtrotevadoba, kondensatori, brtyeli kondensatoris<br />
eleqtrotevadoba.<br />
eleqtruli deni<br />
denis Zala, Zabva, gamtaris winaRoba, kuTri winaRoba.<br />
winaRobis damokidebuleba temperaturaze. omis kanoni<br />
wredis ubnisaTvis. gamtarTa paraleluri da mimdevrobiTi<br />
SeerTeba. denis muSaoba da simZlavre.<br />
joul-lencis kanoni. denis wyaros emZ, denis wyaros<br />
Siga winaRoba. omis kanoni sruli wredisaTvis.<br />
eleqtruli deni siTxeSi, airSi da vakuumSi.<br />
naxevargamtari, eleqtruli deni naxevargamtarSi.<br />
magnituri veli<br />
magnituri veli, deniani gamtarebis urTierTqmedeba.
Sinaarsisa da miznebis ruka<br />
saswavlo<br />
drois xangrZlivoba*<br />
indikatoris<br />
Sesrulebis<br />
saSualebebi<br />
standartis Sesabamisi Sedegebi<br />
da indikatorebi<br />
Temis<br />
dasaxeleba<br />
1. moswavle ikvlevs eleqtrul da magnitur<br />
movlenebs.<br />
1.1 eleqtruli muxtebi. kulonis<br />
kanoni<br />
eqsperimenti<br />
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:<br />
1.2 eleqtruli velis daZabuloba<br />
• gegmavs da atarebs eqsperimentebs kulonis<br />
kanonis sademonstraciod;<br />
1.3 eleqtruli veli gamtarebsa<br />
da dieleqtrikebSi<br />
• xsnis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi moxmarebuli<br />
el. xelsawyoebis moqmedebis<br />
princips;<br />
1.5 eleqtrostatikuri velis<br />
muSaoba da energia<br />
20 sT.<br />
diskusia<br />
• avlens usafrTxoebis wesebis codnas<br />
eqsperimentebis dagegmvisa da Catarebisas,<br />
aseve yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi<br />
eleqtruli xelsawyoebis moxmarebisas.<br />
1.6 eleqtrostatikuri velis<br />
potenciali da potencialTa<br />
sxvaoba<br />
1.8 eleqtrotevadoba. kondensatorebi.<br />
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:<br />
1.9 kondensatorebis tipebi.<br />
• moipovebs informacias sxvadasxva ti-<br />
kondensatorebis SeerTeba<br />
pis eleqtruli xelsawyoebis Seqmnasa<br />
1.10 eleqtruli velis energia. da ganviTarebaze, ikvlevs maT gavlenas<br />
kondensatoris energia. sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze da gare-<br />
____________<br />
moze, warmoadgens proeqtis saxiT.<br />
* saaTebis miTiTebuli raodenoba sarekomendacioa da ara _ savaldebulo.
saswavlo<br />
drois xangrZlivoba*<br />
indikatoris<br />
Sesrulebis<br />
saSualebebi<br />
standartis Sesabamisi Sedegebi<br />
da indikatorebi<br />
Temis<br />
dasaxeleba<br />
2.1 eleqtruli deni<br />
2.2 Zabva<br />
eqsperimenti<br />
2.3 gamtarTa winaRoba<br />
2.4 gamtaris winaRobis<br />
damokidebuleba<br />
temperaturaze<br />
2.5 omis kanoni wredis<br />
ubnisaTvis<br />
15 sT.<br />
diskusia<br />
moswavle ikvlevs eleqtrul da magnitur movlenebs.<br />
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:<br />
• agebs eleqtruli wreds gamtarTa paraleluri da mimdevrobiTi<br />
SeerTebisaTvis, ikvlevs raodenobriv kavSirs eleqtruli<br />
wredis maxasiaTebel parametrebs Soris;<br />
• iyenebs omis kanons wredis ubnisaTvis/sruli wredisaTvis sxvadasxva<br />
tipis problemis gadasaWrelad;<br />
• poulobs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi eleqtrobasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
problemis gadaWris gzas (mag., adgens eleqtrul sqemas<br />
konkretuli saWiroebidan gamomdinare);<br />
• xsnis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi moxmarebuli eleqtruli xelsawyoebis<br />
moqmedebis princips;<br />
• avlens usafrTxoebis wesebis codnas eqsperimentebis dagegmvisa<br />
da Catarebisas, aseve yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi eleqtruli<br />
xelsawyoebis moxmarebisas.<br />
2.7 gamtarebis mimdevrobiTi<br />
da paraleluri<br />
SeerTeba<br />
2. moswavle akavSirebs mecnierul aRmoCenebs <strong>fizika</strong>Si yoveldRiurobasTan.<br />
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:<br />
• moipovebs informacias sxvadasxva tipis eleqtruli xelsawyoebis<br />
Seqmnasa da ganviTarebaze, ikvlevs maT gavlenas<br />
sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze da garemoze, warmoadgens proeqtis<br />
saxiT;<br />
2.8 denis muSaoba da<br />
simZlavre<br />
2.10 denis wyaros eleqtromamoZravebeli<br />
Zala. omis kanoni Caketili<br />
wredisaTvis
saswavlo<br />
drois xangrZlivoba*<br />
indikatoris<br />
Sesrulebis<br />
saSualebebi<br />
standartis Sesabamisi Sedegebi<br />
da indikatorebi<br />
Temis<br />
dasaxeleba<br />
10<br />
moswavle ikvlevs eleqtrul da magnitur movlenebs.<br />
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:<br />
2.12 eleqtruli deni liTonebsa<br />
da siTxeebSi<br />
eqsperimenti<br />
2.13 eleqtruli deni airSi<br />
8 sT.<br />
• poulobs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi eleqtrobasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli problemis gadaWris gzas (mag., adgens<br />
eleqtrul sqemas konkretuli saWiroebidan gamomdinare);<br />
• xsnis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi moxmarebuli<br />
eleqtruli xelsawyoebis moqmedebis princips;<br />
2.14 eleqtruli deni vakuumSi.<br />
vakuumiani diodi<br />
diskusia<br />
• agebs martivi xelsawyos models eleqtruli magnitis<br />
gamoyenebiT da akeTebs demonstrirebas;<br />
2.15 naxevargamtarebi. elqtruli<br />
deni naxevargamtarebSi<br />
• avlens usafrTxoebis wesebis codnas eqsperimentebis<br />
dagegmvisa da Catarebisas, aseve yoveldRiur<br />
cxovrebaSi eleqtruli xelsawyoebis moxmarebisas.<br />
2.16 magnituri veli.<br />
2. moswavle akavSirebs mecnierul aRmoCenebs <strong>fizika</strong>-<br />
Si yoveldRiurobasTan.<br />
deniani gamtarebis magnituri<br />
urTierTqmedeba.<br />
Sedegi TvalsaCinoa Tu moswavle:<br />
• afasebs naxevargamtaris aRmoCenis mniSvnelobas da<br />
ganixilavs am aRmoCenis rols teqnologiuri procesebis<br />
ganviTarebaSi, akeTebs prezentacias.
saswavlo masalis Tematuri ganawileba<br />
1. eleqtruli muxtebi. kulonis kanoni _ 2 sT.<br />
2. eleqtruli velis daZabuloba _ 2 sT.<br />
3. eleqtruli veli gamtarebsa da dieleqtrikebSi _ 1 sT.<br />
4. amocanebis amoxsna _ 2 sT.<br />
5. eleqtrostatikuri velis muSaoba da energia _ 2 sT.<br />
6. eleqtrostatikuri velis potenciali da<br />
potencialTa sxvaoba _ 2 sT.<br />
7. amocanebis amoxsna _ 2 sT.<br />
8. eleqtrotevadoba. kondensatorebi _ 2 sT.<br />
9. kondensatorebis tipebi. kondensatorebis SeerTeba _ 2 sT.<br />
10. eleqtruli velis energia. kondensatoris energia _ 1 sT.<br />
11. amocanebis amoxsna _ 2 sT.<br />
12. eleqtruli deni _ 1 sT.<br />
13. Zabva _ 1 sT.<br />
14. gamtarTa winaRoba _ 1 sT.<br />
15. gamtaris winaRobis damokidebuleba temperaturaze _ 1 sT.<br />
16. omis kanoni wredis ubnisaTvis _ 1 sT.<br />
17. amocanebis amoxsna _ 1 sT.<br />
18. gamtarebis mimdevrobiTi da paraleluri SeerTeba _ 2 sT.<br />
19. denis muSaoba da simZlavre _ 1 sT.<br />
20. amocanebis amoxsna _ 2 sT.<br />
21. denis wyaros eleqtromamoZravebeli Zala<br />
2.10 omis kanoni Caketili wredisaTvis _ 2 sT.<br />
22. amocanebis amoxsna _ 2 sT.<br />
23. eleqtruli deni liTonebsa da siTxeebSi _ 1 sT.<br />
24. eleqtruli deni airSi _ 1 sT.<br />
25. eleqtruli deni vakuumSi. vakuumiani diodi _ 1 sT.<br />
11
26. naxevargamtarebi. eleqtruli deni<br />
naxevargamtarebSi _ 2 sT.<br />
27. magnituri veli. deniani gamtarebis magnituri<br />
urTierTqmedeba _ 2 sT.<br />
28. kolokviumi _ 1 sT.<br />
12<br />
X klasSi fizikis swavlebas eTmoba 48 saaTi. Cven mier<br />
Sedgenili saswavlo masala gaangariSebulia 43 saaTze.<br />
darCenili 5 saaTi sarezervo droa, romelic maswavle-<br />
belma SeiZleba gamoiyenos Tavisi Sexedulebis mixedviT:<br />
testirebisaTvis, Semajamebeli mecadineobisaTvis da<br />
sxv.
gakveTilis dagegmvis cxrili<br />
2.6 gamtarebis mimdevrobiTi da paraleluri SeerTeba (2 sT.)<br />
Sefasebis<br />
forma<br />
drois<br />
resursebi<br />
ganawileba<br />
40 wT. saxelmZRvanelo<br />
moswavleebis<br />
organizeba<br />
saswavlo miznebi Tema aqtivobebi<br />
Canawerebis<br />
gacnoba<br />
jgufuri<br />
muSaoba<br />
eqsperimentis<br />
Catareba<br />
eleqtruli<br />
wredi<br />
• eqsperimentuli<br />
kvlevis unar-<br />
Cvevebis ganviTareba.<br />
sadgarze<br />
damagrebuli<br />
ori naTura,<br />
denis wyaro<br />
(akumulatori<br />
an jibis farnis<br />
eqsperimentis jgufebidan 15 wT. batarea),<br />
dakvirveba<br />
Sedegebis TiTo wevri<br />
CamrTveli,<br />
warmodgena<br />
SemaerTebeli<br />
sadenebi,<br />
ampermetri,<br />
diskusia mTeli klasi 20 wT. voltmetri. dakvirveba<br />
10 wT. Canawerebis<br />
gacnoba<br />
individualuri<br />
rubrikaSi<br />
`gaazreba~<br />
mocemuli<br />
davalebis<br />
Sesruleba<br />
saxelmZRvanelo,<br />
samuSao<br />
rveuli<br />
individualuri<br />
saSinao<br />
davaleba<br />
• gamtarTa<br />
paralelur da<br />
mimdevrobiTi<br />
SeerTebiT wredis<br />
awyoba. mimdevrobiTi<br />
da paraleluri<br />
SeerTebis<br />
Taviseburebebis<br />
dadgena da maT<br />
eleqtrul<br />
maxasiaTebel<br />
parametrebs Soris<br />
raodenobrivi<br />
kavSiris gamokvleva.<br />
omis kanonis<br />
gamoyeneba sxvadasxva<br />
tipis problemis<br />
gadaWrisaTvis.<br />
1
kavSiri standartTan<br />
1<br />
sanimuSo gakveTilebis scenarebi<br />
2.6 gamtarebis mimdevrobiTi<br />
da paraleluri SeerTeba<br />
mimarTuleba: fizikuri movlenebi<br />
moswavle ikvlevs eleqtrul da magnitur movlenebs<br />
• agebs eleqtrul wreds gamtarTa paraleluri<br />
da mimdevrobiTi SeerTebisaTvis, ikvlevs raodenobriv<br />
kavSirs eleqtruli wredis maxasiaTebel<br />
parametrebs Soris.<br />
• iyenebs omis kanons wredis ubnisaTvis sxvadasxva<br />
tipis problemis gadasaWrelad.<br />
gakveTilis miznebi:<br />
1. eqsperimentuli kvlevis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.<br />
2. gamtarTa paralelur da mimdevrobiTi SeerTebiT<br />
wredis awyoba. mimdevrobiTi da paraleluri Seer-<br />
Tebis Taviseburebebis dadgena da maT eleqtrul<br />
maxasiaTebel parametrebs Soris raodenobrivi kav-<br />
Siris gamokvleva. omis kanonis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva<br />
tipis problemis gadaWrisaTvis.<br />
Temis Seswavlas eTmoba ori gakveTili.<br />
saWiro masala:<br />
sadgarze damagrebuli ori naTura, denis wyaro (akumulatori<br />
an batarea), CamrTveli, SemaerTebeli sadenebi,<br />
ampermetri, voltmetri.
procedura<br />
I etapi (5 wT)<br />
I gakveTili<br />
1. dayaviT klasi jgufebad.<br />
II etapi _ (40 wuTi)<br />
2. jgufebad dayofil moswavleebs mimarTeT, rom eqsperimentis<br />
saSualebiT Seiswavlon gamtarTa mimdevrobiTi<br />
da paraleluri SeerTeba. savaraudod,<br />
jgufebma gamtarTa mimdevrobiTi SeerTebis eqsperiments<br />
unda dauTmon 20 wT., aseve gamtarTa paraleluri<br />
SeerTebis eqsperiments _ 20 wuTi.<br />
3. TiToeul jgufs sTxoveT gaecnon samuSao magidaze<br />
moTavsebul xelsawyoebs.<br />
4. sTxoveT moswavleebs guldasmiT waikiTxon saxelmZRvaneloSi<br />
mocemuli eqsperimentebis aRwera da<br />
Caataron eqsperimentebi.<br />
5. sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom eqsperimentis Catarebis<br />
Semdeg cdis monacemebi Seitanon Sesabamis cxrileb-<br />
Si.<br />
6. mieciT moswavleebs saSinao davaleba: gaanalizon<br />
cdis Sedegebi da gamoitanon daskvna.<br />
III etapi (15 wT)<br />
II gakveTili<br />
7. sTxoveT moswavleebs moaxdinon maT mier Catarebuli<br />
eqsperimentebis Sedegebis prezentacia.<br />
IV etapi _ diskusia (20 wT)<br />
8. sTxoveT moswavleebs CaerTon diskusiaSi.<br />
9. diskusia warmarTeT Semdegi damxmare kiTxvebiT:<br />
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a) sxvadasxvaa Tu ara denis Zala wredis calkeul ubanze<br />
gamtarebis mimdevrobiT SeerTebisas.<br />
(pasuxi: wredis calkeul ubanze denis Zala erTi da<br />
igivea I=I 1 =I 2 ).<br />
b) ra moxdeboda denis Zala calkeul ubnebze sxvadasxva<br />
rom iyos?<br />
(pasuxi: denis Zala calkeul ubnebze sxvadasxva rom<br />
iyos, moxdeboda muxtebis dagroveba wredis romelime<br />
wertilSi).<br />
g) risi tolia Zabva mTel wredSi?<br />
(pasuxi: pasuxi: Zabva mTel wredSi tolia TiToeul<br />
ubanze Zabvebis jamisa U=U 1 +U 2 ).<br />
d) omis kanonis gamoyenebiT gamosaxe Zabva mTel wredSi<br />
da calkeul ubnebze.<br />
(pasuxi: U=IR. U1=IR 1 U 2 =IR 2 ).<br />
e) risi tolia mTeli wredis winaRoba mimdevrobiT<br />
SeerTebisas.<br />
(pasuxi: mTeli wredis winaRoba tolia TiToeuli<br />
gamtaris winaRobaTa jamisa R=R 1 +R 2 ).<br />
v) ra kavSiri arsebobs mimdevrobiTi SeerTebisas Zabvebsa<br />
da winaRobebs Soris.<br />
(pasuxi: Zabva TiToeul gamtarze maTi winaRobebis<br />
R1 R2 proporciulia U1 U<br />
= ).<br />
2<br />
z) romeli formuliT gamoiTvleba winaRoba gamtarebis<br />
mimdevrobiTi SeerTebisas, Tu wredi Sedgeba n gamtarisagan.<br />
(pasuxi: R=R +R + . . . + R ).<br />
1 2 n<br />
T) gansxvavdeba Tu ara erTmaneTisgan TiToeul gamtarze<br />
modebuli Zabva gamtarebis paraleluri SeerTebisas.<br />
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(pasuxi: paraleluri SeerTebisas Zabva yvela gamtaris<br />
boloebze erTi da igivea U=U 1 =U 2 ) .<br />
i) ra kavSiri arsebobs wredis araganStoebul nawil-<br />
Si da TiToeul gamtarSi denis Zalis sidideebs<br />
Soris.<br />
(pasuxi: denis Zala wredSi tolia paralelurad<br />
SeerTebul TiToeul gamtarSi gamavali denis Zalebis<br />
jamisa. I=I 1 +I 2 ) .<br />
k) omis kanonis gamoyenebiT gamosaxe denis Zala mTel<br />
wredsa da calkeul ubnebSi<br />
(pasuxi: I<br />
U<br />
= ;<br />
R<br />
I<br />
U<br />
1 = ;<br />
R 1<br />
I 2 =<br />
l) ra damokidebuleba arsebobs TiToeul gamtarSi<br />
denis Zalasa da winaRobebs Soris?<br />
(pasuxi: I 1<br />
I 2<br />
=<br />
R2 R1 ).<br />
m) romeli formuliT gamoiTvleba wredis sruli wina-<br />
Roba paraleluri SeerTebisas.<br />
(pasuxi:<br />
1<br />
R<br />
= 1<br />
R 1<br />
V etapi _ gaazreba (10 wT.)<br />
+ 1<br />
R 2<br />
, aqedan R=<br />
R 1 R 2<br />
R 1 +R 2<br />
9. sTxoveT moswavleebs gaecnon `gaazrebaSi~ mocemul<br />
amocanebs da amoxsnan isini.<br />
(pasuxi: 1. Tu r =r =r = . . .= r = r, maSin R =n r<br />
1 2 3 n<br />
2.<br />
1 1<br />
r<br />
= n, aqedan R = ).<br />
R r<br />
n<br />
moswavleebi amoxsnil amocanebs warmoadgenen samuSao<br />
rveulSi Canaweris saxiT.<br />
U<br />
R 2<br />
).<br />
).<br />
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10. mieciT moswavleebs saSinao davaleba.<br />
aqtivobis SefasebisaTvis gamoiyeneT Tqven mier Ser-<br />
Ceuli komponenti. magaliTad, gakveTilSi CarTuloba,<br />
eqsperimentis Catareba, eqsperimentis Sedegebis warmodgena.<br />
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moswavleebi SeafaseT Semdegi rubrikebis mixedviT:<br />
1. eqsperimentis Catareba;<br />
2. kvlevis mimdinareobis aRwera;<br />
3. miRebuli Sedegebis gaanalizeba;<br />
4. daskvnebis gamotana;<br />
5. sakuTari azris argumentirebulad Camoyalibeba.<br />
saSinao davalebis pasuxebi<br />
1. mimdevrobiTi SeerTebisas U=U 1 +U 2 +... , amitom SeiZleba<br />
CairTos 220 naTura.<br />
2. U 1 ; U 2 ; U_?<br />
R 1 = omi<br />
R 2 = omi<br />
I 2 = 0, a<br />
3. I 1 ; I 2 ; I_?<br />
R 1 = 2 omi<br />
R 2 = omi<br />
U = 12 v<br />
U 1 = IR 1<br />
U 2 = IR 2<br />
U = U 1 + U 2<br />
R1<br />
R2<br />
12 v<br />
U 1 =1,6 v<br />
U 2 = 2,4 v<br />
U = 4 v<br />
R = R 1 . R 2<br />
R 1 + R 2<br />
I = U<br />
R<br />
I 1 = U<br />
R 1<br />
I 2 = U<br />
R 2<br />
R = 1,2 omi<br />
I =10 a<br />
I 1 = a<br />
I 2 = a
4. U 1 ; U 2 ; U 3 _ ?<br />
U 4 ; U BC _ ?<br />
R 1 = omi<br />
R 2 = omi<br />
R 3 = 12 omi<br />
R 4 = 20 omi<br />
I 1 = 1 a<br />
paralelurad SeerTebul gamtarebze<br />
Zabva erTi da igivea. R 2 da R 3 SeerTebu-<br />
lia paralelurad, amitom U 3 =U 2 =U BC .<br />
U 3 = I 1 R 3 = 12 v. deni R 2 gamtarSi iqneba<br />
I 2<br />
= U 2<br />
R 2<br />
= 2 a.<br />
ganuStoebel nawilSi denis Zala<br />
tolia TiToeul gamtarSi denis Za-<br />
lebis jamis I = I 1 + I 2 = a.<br />
Zabva R 1 -ze U 1 = IR 1 = 12 v<br />
Zabva R 4 -ze U 4 = IR 4 = 0 v<br />
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