musikaluri redaqtori - Ganatleba

maia oTiaSvili irina miqaZe
mzis sxivi
musikaSi
VII
`wyarosTvali~
Tbilisi, 2009 weli
1

2
SemoqmedebiTi jgufi:
avtori da jgufis xelmZRvaneli - maia oTiaSvili
avtori - irina miqaZe
eTnomusikosi - marina xuxunaiSvili
musikaluri redaqtori - nana RvinianiZe
literaturuli redaqtori - Tamar faSaliSvili
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TinaTin mRebriSvili
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© maia oTiaSvili

Sesavali
dasrulda dawyebiTi skolis meeqvse weli. Tqven ukve meSvide klasSi xarT. am
eqvsi wlis ganmavlobaSi Zalian bevri vimogzaureT, mravali simRera Tu sacekvao
melodia movismineT. SeviswavleT musikaluri anbani, gavecaniT gamoCenil kompozitorTa
da SemsrulebelTa biografiasa da Semoqmedebas, cekviTa da simReriT moviareT
saqarTvelos kuTxeebi. ho, damaviwyda, ramdeni vxateT da vaferadeT Cvens samuSao
rveulebSi! gavecaniT xalxur da klasikur sakravebs, simfoniur orkestrs da mis
Semadgenlobas.
rac ki ram saukeTeso Seqmnila musikalur xelovnebaSi, TiTqmis yvelafers
SevexeT da movismineT.
es yvelaferi warsulSi iyo, axla ki Tavidan daviwyoT - im droidan, rodesac
adamians jer kidev pirvelyofili erqva...
3

gakveTili 1-2
musikis warmoSoba
msoflio xalxTa xelovneba aTaswleulebs iTvlis. daaxloebiT 40 aTasi wlis
winaT gonier adamians survili gauCnda Tavisi grZnobebi da gancdebi xelovnebiT
gamoexata. musika am xelovnebis ganuyofeli nawilia da misi istoriac kacobriobis
istoriasTan erTad iwyeba.
rodis da sad warmoiSva musikaluri xelovneba? _ adamianebi am kiTxvaze pasuxs
uZvelesi droidan eZeben. SemorCenilia mravali legenda. uZvelesi drois Cinelebis
azriT musika imperatorebma Seqmnes. Zveli berZnebi ki Tvlidnen, rom musika Rmer-
Tis mier boZebuli udidesi niWia.
musikis warmoSobis Sesaxeb mecnierebaSic sxvadasxva azri arsebobs. magaliTad,
me-19-20 saukunis ingliseli filosofosi da fsiqologi spenseri ambobda, rom
musika warmoiSva adamianis aRelvebuli metyvelebis intonaciebis safuZvelze, sxvadasxva
emociebisa da grZnobebis - sixarulisa Tu mwuxarebis gancdisas xmis awevdawevasa
Tu aCqareba-Senelebis procesSi. misi azriT, musikis upirvelesi da martivi
forma iyo simRera. ingliseli bunebismetyveli Carlz darvini ki fiqrobda,
rom musika nadir-frinvelTa sasiyvarulo Zaxilisgan Seiqmna. Tumca pirvelyofili
adamianis primitiuli simRerac ki ufro metad iTvleba musikalur xelovnebad, vidre
frinvelTa maradiuli simRera-galoba. bulbuli dRemde erTi da igive simReras
asrulebs, xolo adamianis musikaluri Semoqmedeba mudmivad cvalebadia da vi-
Tardeba. mxolod adamians SeuZlia gadmosces musikiis meSveobiT mravalferovani
gancda, emocia, damokidebuleba gare samyarosadmi da swored es aris xelovnebis
mTavari Tavisebureba.
uZveles adamianTa musikis ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli
Zala Tavidanve ritmi iyo, rac dakavSirebulia maT moZraobasTan,
sunTqvasa da guliscemasTan, Sromasa da nadirobasTan,
sirbilTan da rokvasTan. simReris dros adamianebi
ritms gamoxatavdnen taSiT, fexis bakuniT. es iyo
erTgvari simRera `TanxlebiT~, ris funqciasac SemdgomSi
asrulebdnen pirveli musikaluri sakravebi: xis naWre-
bi, brtyeli qvebi, niJarebi, Cxarunebi, xrialebi. maTi
xmarebis ufleba Tavdapirvelad mxolod tomTa
beladebsa da uxucesebs hqondaT. Semdeg, adamianma
Zvlis da lerwmis totisgan pirveli salamuri, fleita Seqmna, mSvildis lari
_ Cangisa da qnaris simad aqcia, xolo gaWimuli tyavisagan doli gaakeTa.
4
Zvlis sastvenebi
nadirobis scena. afrika
i.keWaymaZe. ,,antika’’
Zvlis salamuri

Sesavali
sityva solfejio warmodgeba ori notis: sol da fa saxelwodebidan. solfejios
gakveTilebze gavimeorebT musikis ana-banas da bevr axals SeviswavliT.
daviwyoT yvelaferi Tavidan:
ramdeni noti gvaqvs musikaSi? .........................................................
daasaxele da gaimRere notebi.
ramdeni xazisgan Sedgeba sanoto sistema? ...................................
notebi iwereba xazebze da xazebs Soris.
romeli iwereba xazebze? ....................................................................
romeli iwereba xazebs Soris? ..........................................................
Svidi notisgan Semdgar bgeraTa rigs gama ewodeba. gama Sedgeba ori tetraqordisagan:
qveda da zeda. tetraqordi berZnulad oTx sims niSnavs; tetra _ oTxi; chorde
_ simi.
qveda qveda
zeda zeda
ra aris piano? .........................................................................................
ra aris forte? .........................................................................................
gaimRere gama pianoze da forteze
tr treli italiurad trell _ ori mocemuli mezobeli notis swrafi monacvleobiTi
gameoreba, rakraki.
fermato italiurad fermata _ niSnavs notis, pauzis an akordis droebiT gaCerebas da
Sekavebas.
diapazoni- berZnulad dia pason chordon - yvela simis gavliT _ adamianis xmis an musikaluri
sakravis bgeriTi moculoba. sxvadasxva simaRlis bgerebis erToblioba,
romelic misawvdomia ama Tu im sakravis an xmisaTvis. diapazonis aRsaniSnavad
sakmarisia yvelaze dabali da yvelaze maRali bgerebis dasaxeleba, romelic
mocemul sakravs an adamianis xmas aqvs.
5

gakveTili 3
musika, rogorc sinkretuli xelovneba
espaneTi _ uZvelesi
kldis gamosaxuleba
rogor JRerda pirvelyofil adamianTa musika? mecnierebs am
kiTxvaze pasuxis povnaSi exmareba arqeologiuri masala, kldeebisa
da gamoqvabulis kedlebze SemorCenili naxatebi, aseve dRevandeli
veluri tomebis yofa-cxovrebaze dakvirveba da maTi Seswavla.
aRmoCnda, rom uZvelesi musika keTilxmovanebiT ar gamoirCeoda.
Tavdapirvelad is iyo didi diapazonis mqone qaosuri bgerebis
rigi. Zvel adamianebs mudmivad esmodaT bunebis xmebi _ velur
cxovelTa Zaxili, frinvelTa galoba, mwerebis bzuili, Weqa-quxilisa
da wvimis xmebi. Tavidan isini usmendnen da baZavdnen am xmebs,
mogvianebiT ki uamravi qaosuri bgeridan ufro keTilxmovani
bgerebis garCevac iswavles.
magaliTad, kubus tomis adamianebi TavianT gancdebs gamoxataven
calkeuli damoukidebeli bgerebiT, xSirad baZaven Citebis galobas,
xolo ceilonze mcxovrebi ganviTarebis ufro maRal safexurze md-
gomi vedas tomis simRerebi 2-3 bgeris diapazonisaa da SedarebiT maRali donisaa.
6
`Taflis Segroveba~
kubus tomis uZvelesi melodia _ kunZuli sumatra, indoeTi
vedas tomis simRera _ ceiloni
musika adamianTa yofa-cxovrebaSi uZvelesi droidanve gansakuTrebul rols
TamaSobda. adamiani mReroda Sromis, brZolis, lxinis Tu mwuxarebis dros. mReroda
iavnanas, mwyemsur simReras, icoda datireba. misi mravalferovani sacekvao
moZraobebi sxvadasxva magiur ritualTan iyo dakavSirebuli. musika TamaSobebis
aucilebeli Tanmxlebic iyo. uZvelesi adamianisTvis
ganuyofeli iyo sityva, simRera da moZraoba. mecnierebma
aseT formas sinkretuli xelovneba uwodes.
sinkretizmi berZnuli sityvaa da gaerTianebas, daunawevreblobas
niSnavs. sinkretuloba xelovnebis sawyisi
etapia, saidanac droTa ganmavlobaSi masSi gaerTianebuli
es formebi xelovnebis damoukidebel dargebad
iqca: sityva _ poeziad, simRera _ musikalur xelovnebad
da cekva _ qoreografiad.
bunebis romeli xmebi gesmis Sens garSemo?
bunebis romel xmebs mibaZavdi? - mibaZe xmiT, daxate an
gaiTamaSe raime scena.
SenTvis nacnob romel sakravs (salamuri, qnari, doli)
gamoiyenebdi bunebis xmebis _ nakadulis rakrakis,
Citebis galobis, Weqa-quxilis gamosaxatad?
panis fleitebis `ansambli~ _
solomonis kunZulebi, afrika
_ daadgine TiToeuli tomis ,,simReris’’ diapazoni
_ ramden bgeras moicavs?
_ rogoria Seni xmis diapazoni?

qvis xanis Zvlis fleitebi da
sastvenebi
Cxaruna _ niJara
arqauli qnari
ueno salamuri _ samTavro
uZvelesi musikaluri sakravi, romelic lublianaSi 1998
wels aRmoaCines, Zvlis salamuria. es salamuri 43 000-82 000
wlisaa. gakeTebulia gamoqvabulis daTvis TeZos Zvlisgan da 4 nasvreti aqvs.
indielTa tomis wriuli cekva - pantomima niangis niRbebiT
qvis dasartyami sakravebi _ CineTi
roca pirvelyofil adamians nadiris `mojadoeba~ surda, moZraobebiT, cekviT,
nadirobis scenebs imeorebda da Tan mReroda.
7

gakveTili 4-5
olivie mesiani
(1908 - 1992)
olivie mesiani me-20 saukunis erT-erTi udidesi
frangi kompozitori, novatori xelovani da uaRresad
ganaTlebuli adamiania. igi xelovnebaSi gakvalul
gzebs ar misdevda da mudam axlis ZiebaSi iyo, cdilobda
ganeaxlebina musikaluri ena. misi nawarmoebebi
gamoirCeva uCveulo ritmebiT, ferebiTa da sxvadasxva
sakravTa tembris SexamebiT. xSirad iyenebda egzotikur
dasartyam sakravebs, aseve eleqtrosakravebsac.
axalgazrdobidan misi
STagonebis wyaro iyo religia,
Zvelinduri filosofia
da musika, induri ritmebi,
egzotikuri qveynebis kultura,
Citebis galoba, Tanamedrove
olivie mesiani
poezia. swavlobda Citebis galobas da maT `planetis
udides musikosebad~ miiCnevda. Citebi mesianisTvis
bunebis sulis asaxvaa. mesiani dauRalavad swavlobda - jer
safrangeTis, Semdeg afrikis, aziis, amerikis frinvelebs.
akvirdeboda maT qcevas, firze iwerda maT xmebs,
SemoqmedebiTad amuSavebda. maT safuZvelze misi araerTi
nawarmoebi Seiqmna. pirveli piesa iyo ,,Savi SaSvi’’ fleitisa da fortepianosaTvis
(1952), Semdeg ,,Citebis gaRviZeba’’ fortepianosa da orkestrisTvis, ,,egzotikuri
frinvelebi’’ fortepianosa da 18 sakravisTvis, 13 safortepiano piesisgan Semdgari
cikli ,,frinvelebis katalogi’’. aq SevxvdebiT kldis lurj SaSvs, rux bus, tyis
torolas da sxv.
mesiani ambobda: `mZime da sevdian fiqrTa moZalebis Jams, sxva ra gza da
gamosavali arsebobs, Tu ara miaxloeba frinvelTa galobasTan tyeSi, mindvrebSi,
mTebsa Tu zRvis sanapiroze? CemTvis swored aq cocxlobs musika~
o. mesiani - `frinvelTa katalogi~
mousmine musikas da Seni STabeWdileba daxate an dawere.
SenTvis nacnobi romeli sakravebi JRerda am nawarmoebSi?
daajgufe sworad:
_ rogor fiqrobT,xelovnebis romeli
damoukidebeli dargebi warmoiqmneboda
sinkretuli xelovnebidan?
8
moZraoba
sityva
simRera
poezia
musikaluri xelovneba
qoreografia
daxate Citebi

itmi
xSirad pirvelyofili adamianebi ritmebs, rogorc garkveul signalebs,
erTmaneTisaTvis sxvadasxava ambebis Sesatyobineblad iyenebdnen. yovel ritmul
naxazs Tavisi mniSvneloba hqonda.dasartyam sakravebze Sesrulebuli es ritmebi Sor
manZilze ismoda, erTi soflidan meoreSi gadadioda. aseTi,Zalze mravalferovani,
maxvilgonivruli da Taviseburi ,,dolis telegrafi’’ dRemde gvxvdeba zogierT
afrikul tomSi.sxvaTaSoris, es principi gamoiyena Tavis cnobil satelegrafo
anbanSi amerikelma gamomgonebelma semuel morzem.
taSiT da kakuniT gamoxateT ritmuli suraTi
gaimRereT or xmaSi da taSiT gamoxateT ritmuli suraTi
zoma 4 xSirad
gamoisaxeba
C simboloTi
ritmi (berZn. rhytmos) niSnavs Tanazomiereba, simwyobres. musikaSi
ritmi sxvadasxva grZliobis notebis Tanmimdevrobaa. ritmi
musikaluri moZraobis safuZvelia. melodia ar arsebobs ritmis
gareSe, ritmi ki melodiis gareSe SeiZleba arsebobdes.
albaT ginaxavs filmebi an wagikiTxavs raime uZveles adamianTa
cxovrebaze. SeTxze patara moTxroba Senc an gaagrZele ambavi: .....
saRamoa. mamakacebi nadirobidan dabrundnen.nadavli imdenia,mTel
toms eyofa. inTeba koconi, yvelani mis garSemo ikribebian. ismis musikis xma.......
gamoiyene sityvebi: niJarebi, taSi,sastvenebi,niRabi,scena,monadire, ,,cxoveli’’,
,,gaiTamaSes’’ .
me-20 saukunis frangma mogzaurma da
mecnierma alen geerbranma indiel tomebTan
mogzaurobisas Tan waiRo volfgang
amadeus mocartis musikis gramfirfita.
amazonis junglebSi mcxovreb makiritares mkvidrebze am musikam
gasaocari efeqti moaxdina, veluri adamianebi monusxulebi
usmendnen musikas, maTi saxeebi gakvirvebas, netarebas da
siamovnebas gamoxatavdnen erTdroulad. mogvianebiT am saocar
movlenaze gerbranma filmic gadaiRo.
v.a. mocarti - opera `jadosnuri fleita~,
Ramis dedoflis aria
am arias asrulebs qalis yvelaze maRali sasimRero xma, romelsac koloraturuli
soprano ewodeba. igi sopranos nairsaxeobaa.
qalTa xmebi. simaRlis mixedviT qalTa xmebi iyofa sam ZiriTad jgufad:
1. maRali _ soprano 2. saSualo _ meco soprano 3. dabali _ alti
4
9

gakveTili 6-7
teqsti da musika inola gurguliasi
10
adamiani
nurafers metyvi, mimRere
rom gamixde Tanaziari.
nurafers metyvi, mimRere,
sanam ar aris gviani.
misamReri: pirvelad iyo simRera,
galoba lamazxmiani
da simRerisTvis Seiqmna adamiani.
roca RimiliT miyurebs
eg Tvalebi sandomiani
sul Cemianad giguleb
da guli damaqvs frTiani
misamReri: meored iyo Rimili
mziani, alersiani,
da RimilisTvis Seiqmna adamiani.
pirvelad iyo simRera,
galoba lamazxmiani
da RimilisTvis Siqmna
da simRerisTvis Seiqmna
da sikeTisTvis Seiqmna adamiani.
inola
`Cemi saxeli xSirad ucxouri hgoniaT. igi svanuri warmoSobisaa da bbiZaCems iZ Z aC aCC ems m sv svaneTSi an aneTSi n
yofnisas amoukiTxavs qvaze mkrTali, Zlivs gasarCevi warwera, irinola, marinola.
garkveviT mxolod inola ikiTxeboda. ase damarqves es saxeli ivlisis Takara dRes.
mzeSi dabadebuls Tan damyva mzis usazRvro siyvaruli, mze CemTvis simboloa sinaTlis,
sicocxlis, siyvarulis. amitomac vambob: Cemi feria yviTeli, feri mzisa da cxeli qviSisa~.
inola gurgulia - kompozitori, momRerali, poeti - daibada 1929 wlis 25 ivliss.
gaizarda Tbilisis Zvel ubanSi. yovel zafxuls samegrelos ulamazes sofel uCaSonaSi
atarebda. bunebasTan,samyarosTan siaxlovem igi bavSvobidanve aamRera. gitaraze dakvra
mamidam aswavla, xolo Congursa da fandurze- ZiZam. sevdisa Tu sixarulis gamomxatveli
misTvis simRera da Svidsimiani gitara gaxda.
musikaluri ganaTleba Tbilisis niWier bavSvTa aTwledSi miiRo. mReroda gundSi,
werda leqsebs. universitetSi swavlis dros Tavis megobrebTan _ giuli daraxveliZesa da
medea sixaruliZesTan erTad trio `samaiaSi~ mReroda. am periodSi daiwera misi ulamazesi
simRerebi: `gitara~, `geli~, `sizmaria~, `Rimili minda~, `uSenod~ da sxv. aseve 15 sabavSvo
simRera. inola gurgulias asze meti simRera Tavisave leqsebze aqvs amRerebuli. qarTuli
sasimRero xelovnebis Sedevria inolas mier namReri daviT ToraZis romansi filmidan `dRe
pirveli, dRe ukanaskneli~. misi bolo simReraa `adamiani~.
inola gurgulia - `adamiani~, asrulebs vokaluri trio `harmonia~
mousmine simReris minus fonogramas da imRere TviTon
gansazRvre Sesrulebis ra formaa gamoyenebuli- gundi, kvarteti, solo, trio
ras ewodeba trio?
ansambli (ansamble) franguli sityvaa da niSnavs ,,erTad’’. musikaSi _
SemsrulebelTa mcire raodenobisgan Semdgar jgufs. arsebobs vokaluri,
instrumentuli da vokalur-instrumentuli ansamblebi.

cnobebi qarTuli musikis Sesaxeb
TrialeTis vercxlis Tasi
qarTuli xalxuri musika Zalian mdidari da mravalferovania.
misi fesvebi Soreul warsulSi iRebs saTaves.
amas adasturebs mecnierebisa da xelovnebis sxvadasxva
dargi: istoria, arqeologia, mxatvroba, literatura,
eTnografia. sainteresoa uZvelesi arqeologiuri
gaTxrebis dros napovni nivTebi.
1930wels mcxeTaSi samTavros dedaTa monastris
teritoriaze Catarebuli gaTxrebis dros erT-erT samarxSi
aRmoaCines gedis wvivis Zvlisgan damzadebuli
patara ueno salamuri. salamurze 3 Tvalia amoWrili
da masSi Cabervisas 4 bgera JRers. salamuri, savaraudod,
patara mwyemsi biWis saflavSi iyo damarxuli. igi
Zv.w.aR XV-XVIIIs.s-iT daTariRda da dRes s.janaSias sax-
elobis erovnul muzeumSi inaxeba.
sainteresoa yazbegSi aRmoCenili uZvelesi simebiani sakravebis _qnaris,
Cangis gamosaxulebebi (Zv.w.aR XI-Xs) aseve `yazbegis ganZad” wodebuli brinjaos
patara qandakebebi, kacunebi, romelTac xelSi musikaluri sakravebi
uWiravT (Zv.w.aR VII_VIs.s).
arqeologebma TrialeTis gaTxrebis dros aRmoaCines vercxlis Tasi
(Zv.w.aR II aTaswleulis Sua periodi), romelzec gamosaxulni arian ferxulSi
Cabmuli adamianebi. msgavsi saferxulo wyoba ramdenime saferxulo simRera-
Sia SemorCenili.
saferxulo cekvaa
aseve gamosaxuli
samTavros brin-
jaos sartyelze
(Zv.w.aR VIII-VII s.s).
yvelaze Zveli werilobiTi cnoba qarTuli simReris Sesaxeb asureTis
mefe sargons ekuTvnis (Zv.w.aR 714w.) igi wers, rom qarTveluri tomebi Sromis
dros `mxiarul simRerebs~ mRerian. ai, ras gviambobs berZeni istorikosi
qsenofonte (Zv.w.aR V-VIs.s) qarTvelTa Soreuli winaprebis, mosinikebis Sesaxeb:
`saocari xalxia mosinikebi, brZolisa da laSqrobis win jer mRerian da
cekvaven. mas Semdeg ki rac gamwkrivdebian, erTi maTgani iwyebs, xolo yvela
danarCeni mReriT ritmulad miabijebs.” brZolis dasasruls ki mosinikebi
`gansakuTrebuli yaidis cekva-simRerebs” asrulebdnen.
brinjaos patara qandakebebi. yazbegi
brinjaos sartyeli. nadirobis scena _ samTavro
gakveTili 8-9
11

injaos patara qandakebebi. yazbegi
istoriuli da literaturuli nawarmoebebidan
irkveva, rom qarTvelebs musika Tan axldaT nadirobisa
da Sromis dros, omsa Tu qorwilSi, glovasa
Tu saxalxo dResaswaulebze. SemorCenilia adamianis
xmebisa da sakravTa aRmniSvneli bevri termini,
rac qarTuli musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis
maRali donis maniSnebelia. aseTi cnobebi xSirad
gvxvdeba SoTa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosanSi”. amis
erT-erTi nimuSia Semdegi strofi:
`avTandil jda marto sawols, ecva oden marT perangi,
i m R e r d a da ixarebda, wina edga erTi C a n g i .”
XVII da XVIIIs-is qarTveli poeti-mefeebis arCil II-is, vaxtang VI-is, Teimuraz II-is
literaturul nawarmoebebSi Semonaxulia im periodis musikalur kulturasTan
dakavSirebuli araerTi saintereso ambavi Tu wes-Cveuleba.
cnobili qarTveli poeti daviT guramiSvili `qarTvel mefeTa gvartomobis ambavSi”
xatovnad, musikaluri terminebis gamoyenebiT aRwers mefe-poetTa Sesrulebul
mReras:
`SoTa m R e r s, mefe Teimuraz,
arCil m o s Z a x i s Zmureba,
mesakrave.
Tixis qandakeba.
ufliscixe
Zv.w. VI s.
mefe vaxtang da iakob
maRla z i l s mietkbureba.
begTabeg, nodar, oTari,
onana b a n s eubneba.”
musikosi CangiT.
brinjaos qandakeba.
yazbegi.
Zv.w. VII-VI s.
musikaluri terminebi mravlad gvxvdeba sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsikon-
Sic. musikas qarTulad saxioba hqvia. saxioba _ `ese ars musika mwyobri ZalTa da
sakravTani da xmoaneba tkbili, galoba Tu simRera~ - ganmartavs sulxan-saba.
mcxeTaSi, sveticxovlis taZris samxreT kedlis freskaze gamosaxulia 21 mocekvave
qali, momReralTa da mesakraveTa mwyobri, romlebic saferxulo sanaxaobaSi
iReben monawileobas.
qarTuli musikis mecnieruli Seswavla XIX s-dan iwyeba. dReisaTvis TbilisSi
xSirad tardeba msoflio mravalxmianobis sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili saerTaSoriso
simpoziumebi, romlebSic monawileoben qarTuli xalxuri SemoqmedebiT dainteresebuli
sxvadasxva qveynis musikosebi. uamrav qveyanaSi (inglisi, safrangeTi, aSS,
iaponia, avstralia da sxv.) arsebobs qarTuli simReris Semswavleli jgufebi. 2001
wels iuneskom qarTuli tradiciuli mravalxmianoba msoflios aramaterialuri
kulturis Sedevrad aRiara. kosmosSi gagzavnil musikalur SedevrTa Soris ki erTerTi
qarTuli `Cakruloa~.
ueno salamuris Canaweri.
ueno salamuri _ samTavro
cnobilia, rom salamuri saqarTveloSi uZvelesi droidan arsebobs. salamurze
ukravdnen cxvris Segrovebis da garekvis dros, RamiT ki mwyemsi salamuriT Tavs
ifxizlebda da irTobda.
12

musikaluri testi
daasaxele da daasrule sakravebi
... musikis samkurnalo Zalas bevri Zveli xalxi lxi aRiarebda.
musikiT mkurnaloba dResacaa SenarCunebuli li bevr
pirvelyofil xalxebTan.
... avstraliis aborigenebis mkurnalis samedicino dicino
instrumentebSi musikalur sakravebsac SexvdebodiT. eqims salamurebis rebis mTeli
nakrebi hqonda, TiToeul maTgans, eqimis azriT, ama Tu im avadmyofobis obis damarcxeba
SeeZlo.
13

gakveTili 10
xevsuruli Tojina
lurji sufra sufra mTiuleTidan
saqarTvelos kuTxeebis
musikaluri kultura
Cven jer kidev pirvel klasSi gavicaniT saqarTvelos ruka da SeviyvareT
misi kuTxeebi. bevri simRera movismineT, bevri vimRereT,
viTamaSeT, vicekveT da ferxulic CavabiT. saqarTveloSi 16 kuTxea.
gavixsenoT isini: qarTli, kaxeTi, imereTi, guria, samegrelo, raWa,
svaneTi, fSavi, TuSeTi, xevi... kidev erTxel `moviaroT saqarTvelo
simReriT~, ufro kargad gaverkveT aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos
musikalur kulturaSi, vnaxoT, riT gansxvavdebian isini erTmaneTisagan.
viciT rom saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi sxvadasxva
kiloze anu dialeqtze saubroben. asea musikaSic_yvela kuTxes Tavisi
damaxasiaTebeli musikaluri dialeqti anu kilo aqvs. saqarTvelos
yvela kuTxis musikaluri ena saerTo qarTul fuZes emyareba.
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebis musikis Seswavlas aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
mTianeTiT daviwyebT. esenia: xevsureTi, fSavi, TuSeTi, mTiuleTi, xevi, gudamayari.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTi
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis kuTxeebs bevri saerTo aqvT. rTuli reliefi,
mkacri cxovrebis wesi da amindi did gavlenas axdenda
mTielebis udrek xasiaTze. gansakuTrebuli pativiscemiT
sargeblobdnen mTieli vaJkacebi mterTan gamoCenili
vaJkacobis gamo. maTi gmiruli brZola xalxur leqsebsa
da simRerebSic aisaxa.
mTielebs gansakuTrebiT uyvarT poezia _ Sairi,
galeqseba, kafia, rac leqsis TqmaSi Sejibrebas niSnavs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mTielTa xalxuri musika ganviTarebis
doniT bevrad CamorCeba maT xalxur poezias.
mTaSi dRemde SemorCenilia uZvelesi qristianulwarmarTuli
dResaswaulebi. mTielebi ikribebodnen
Satili
xatobebze_salocavebis pativsacemad. moixseniebdnen RmerTs, wmindanebs, dailocebodnen.
Semdeg ilxendnen.. svamdnen TavianT gamoxdil luds, arays, mRerodnen,
imarTeboda cekva-TamaSi. xevsureTSi pativs miagebdnen gudanis, xaxmatis jvrebs.
fSavSi _ laSaris, Tamaris jvars da a.S.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi Tems saTaveSi xevisberi edga.
igi didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda xalxSi. mas `laSqarT Tavadobac”
evaleboda da saero saqmeebic.
mTis xalxi Zalzed stumarTmoyvarea. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aq
stumris kulti iyo yovelTvis, rac kargad aisaxa vaJa-fSavelas
`stumar-maspinZelSi~.
gaWirvebaSi Cavardnil ojaxs yvela unda daxmareboda. xevsureTSi
amas `oCxari” ewodeboda. gavrcelebuli iyo Zmadnaficobis
wesi.
14
`sacevao~ salamurze

xevsureTi
xevsureTis xevsureT soflebi mdinare aragvis xeobaSi,
kavk kavkasionis mTis kalTebzea Sefenili. xe-
vs vsureTi gamorCeuli kuTxea Tavisi
yofiTa da kulturiT. aq zamTari
adre iwyeboda da Zalian mkacri iyo,
gzebi iketeboda, mimosvla Wirda.
karCaketilma cxovrebam ganapiroba
is faqti, rom xevsurebma bolo dromde Semoinaxes
uZvelesi tradiciebi, maT Soris musikaluric.
xevsuri qalebi xelsaqmis didostatebi arian. ulamazesia
maTi naqsovi fardagebi, windebi, xurjinebi. xevsurul
tansacmels talavari ewodeba, romlis gulispirsa
xevsuruli
da kalTis napirebze xat-jvrebia amoqarguli.
fanduri
xevsurebi uniWieresi moleqseebi arian. galeqseba,
anu leqsis TqmaSi Sejibri aq Zveli wesia. sainteresoa `SemRernebis”
tradiciac. `simReras” Tavisi melodia aqvs da sagmiro saq-
meebs leqsad gviambobs.
`SemRernebis” dros ori solisti erTma- erTmaneTs
enacvleba. jer erTi mReris leqss, Sem-
deg meore bans eubneba.
xevsuruli musika martivia. igi ZiriTadad erTxmiania,
Tumca gvxvdeba orxmianobac. xevsuri mamakaci
mReris xmamaRla, TiTqmis yviriliT. simRera metyvelebas
hgavs, anu xevsuri laparakiT - reCitativiT
amRerebs leqss. amitomaa albaT, rom igi simReras Tqmas
uwodebs _ `simReras vityvio.” melodia naklebad
ganviTarebulia. iwyeba maRali bgeridan da dacurebiT
Camodis dabla. xmis dacurebas glisando ewodeba.
xevsuruli saweso ferxulebi miTologiur gadmocemebze,
istoriul gmirebze, RvTaebebze mogviTxro-
xevsurebi
ben. ferxulebi erTi an ori gundis monacvleobiT sruldeba. sagundo Sesrulebis
aseT formas,roca ori gundi monacvleobiT mReris, antifonuri
simRera ewodeba.
xevsurebSi Zalze gavrcelebulia `TiToobiT
mRera”, anu solo Sesruleba: xSirad is xevsuruli
fanduris TanxlebiT imRereba, romelic Cveulebrivze
ufro didia da mxolod ori simi aqvs.
xevsureTSi gavrcelebulia sakulto,
saweso, sagmiro, Sromis simRerebi, akvnis
xevsuri gogona
sadRvebeliT nanebi, tirilebi_samgloviaro simRerebi.
gayofilia mamakacTa da qalTa simRera. qalTa
repertuarSi ZiriTadad nanebi da samgloviaro simRerebi Sedis.
isini ufro melodiuri da daxvewilia, vidre mamakacebis simRera.
xevsuruli xevsuruli winda
reCitativi - recitare - italiuri sityvaa da niSnavs
laparaks, musikaSi ki laparakTan miaxloebul simReras.
glisando-glissando-italiuri sityvaa da srials niSnavs.
adamianis xmiT da musikaluri sakraviT bgeris Sesrulebis xerxi,
romelic iZleva feradovan, ,,dacurebul’’ gadasvlas bgeridan bgeraze. sanoto CanawerSi aRiniSneba
talRiseburi xaziT ganapira bgerebs Soris.
`ferxisuli~
gakveTili 11
15

do-dan do-mde erTmaneTis miyolebiT Sesrulebul mwyobr bgeraTrigs Cven gamas
vuwodebT. aseTive wesiT SegviZlia avagoT gamebi ,,re’’- dan, ,,mi’’-dan da a.S. vnaxavT,
rom miviRebT sxvadasxva elferis bgeraTrigebs.am gansxvavebul, mravalferovan
gamebs kiloebi, tonalobebi ewodebaT. ,,do’’-dan agebul gamas sxvagvarad do
maJorsac uwodeben. maJori franguli sityvaa da dids, mtkices niSnavs. musikaSi
maJorul gamas mxiaruli da naTeli xmovaneba aqvs.
_ axla do maJoris bgerebi gavaormagoT da es intonaciuri savarjiSo jer
SevasruloT legatoze da Semdeg stakatoze taSis ayolebiT.
ritmul-intonaciuri savarjiSo:
taSiT da kakuniT gamoxateT
ritmuli suraTi.
daasaxele taqtis zoma
gamoicani ra simReraa . . .
daiTvale taqtebi, daasaxele notebi, daadgine notebis grZlioba da taqtis zoma.
16
do-maJori
gaimRere Semdeg bgeraTa rigi aRmavali da daRmavali mimarTulebiT:
daasaxeleT, ra grZliobis notebia
gaixsene, ra aris legato? ra aris stakato?
s i a x l e
sol naxevari grZliobis notia.
wertili ki nots mis naxevar
grZliobas umatebs.
ra grZliobiT gaaxangrZliva
wertilma es noti? . . . . . . . . . .
antifoni-anti (sapirispiro) da phone (xma, bgera) - berZnuli sityvaa
da niSnavs simReras, romelsac monacvleobiT asrulebs ori gundi.

maia wyneTelis simRera
diliT rad giyvars torolav stvena,
vis emalebi netavi,
maswavle Seni lamazi ena,
rada xar gaubedavi?
misamReri:
heri, heri, heri, heri,
Seni eSxiT meca vmReri,
meca vmReri ase mali-mal,
leqsi TiTo-orolao,
mec maswavle torolao,
mec SensaviT kentad davdivar.
Seni simRera gahyveba maSin
frTamali qaris qrolasa.
mzeo amodi, amodi, mzeo,
nu efarebi gorasa.
misamReri: heri, heri...
torolav, kentad jobia frena,
saxlSi jabanis yolasa,
mzeo, amodi, amodi, mzeo,
nu uef efarebi e gorasa.
musika sulxan cincaZis
teqsti petre gruzinskisa
gakveTili 12-13
kadri kinofilmidan
`maia wyneTeli~
sulxan cincaZe - `maia wyneTelis simRera~
mousmine minus fonogramas da Seasrule TviTon
sulxan cincaZe meoce saukunis cnobili qarTveli kompozitoria.
mas dawerili aqvs opera `gandegili~, baletebi `demoni~, `dali
da monadire~ simfoniebi, koncertebi da piesebi sxvadasxa
instrumentebisaTvis.mas ekuTvnis musika Zveli qarTuli
filmebisaTvis:“abezara”, “WriWina”, “maia wyneTeli”, “Tojinebi
icinian”, “baSi aCuki~, `jariskacis mama~. mis mravalferovan
SemoqmedebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili sakvarteto Janrs eTmoba.
popularulia cincaZis sakvarteto miniaturebi, romelTa
umravlesoba xalxur Temebzea Seqmnili: lale~, `indi-mindi,~
`urmuli~, `saWidao~, `mwyemsuri~da sxva. mis miniaturebs saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo kvarteti asrulebs. es koleqtivi dRes
sulxan cincaZis saxelobisaa. wlebis manZilze
sulxan cincaZe iyo Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis
saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoriis reqtori.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
simebiani kvarteti
miniatura - miniature italiuri
sityvaa da niSnavs mcires.
musikaSi esaa patara piesa.
daasaxele simebiani kvartetis sakravebi

gakveTili 14
faraoni tutanhamoni
egvipte uZveles civilizaciaTagan erT-erTi
yvelaze Zlevamosili da idumalebiT aRsavse
qveyanaa. egviptelTa xelovneba mimzidveli da
momajadoebelia. aTaswleulTa win Seqmnili
grandiozuli piramidebi da uzarmazari kldisgan
nakveTi sfinqsi-Tanamedrove egviptis erTgvari
`savizito baraTia~. Zveli egviptelebi ganTqmulni
iyvnen kedlis ferweriT, minisa da oqros SesaniSnavi
nakeTobebiT. pirvelad egvipteSi Seiqmna uzarmazari
qandakeba-obeliskebi. egvipteSi Caeyara safuZveli
mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargebs.
eristosfenem Zv.w. 230 wels pirvelad gazoma
manZili qalaqebs aleqsandriasa da asuans Soris,
Semdeg ki dedamiwis zomebic gansazRvra. ptolmeusma
ki kartografias Cauyara safuZveli.
Zvelegvipturi literatura Cvenamde
ieroglifebis saxiTaa moRweuli. Zvelegvipturi
poeziis nimuSebidan aRsaniSnavia `piramidebis teqstebi~, `gardacvlilTa wigni~,
`arfistis simRera~ egviptelebi maT papirusebze werdnen, xolo mokle warwerebs
qvaze kveTdnen.
egviptis uZvelesi musikaluri
kultura saTaves Zv.w.-is IV-III
aTaswleulebidan iRebs,anu mas 5000
wliani istoria aqvs. SemorCenili
uZvelesi sakravebi, bareliefebi, WurWlis
moxatulobani, saxviTi xelovnebis
nimuSebi, literaturuli wyaroebi,
simReraTa da sagalobelTa teqstebi, Zvel
berZen da romael istorikosTa Canawerebi
18
egvipte
naxati papirusze
adastureben, rom Zvel egvipteSi musikaluri
xelovneba maRali donis iyo da mas didad
afasebdnen. egviptis taZrebSi, faraonebisa
da didebulebis samarxebSi, reliefebsa da
freskebze, momRerlebisa da musikosebis uamravi
gamosaxuleba gvxvdeba. maTze asaxuli musikosebi
sxvadasxva sakravebze ukraven. maT Sorisaa arfa,
fleita, barbiTi da sxv sxvadasxvagvari xv
dasartyami
sakravi. SemorCenili
SemorCenilia li aseve mocekvaveTa
figurebi.
musika egvipteSi Ta Tan axlda samiwaTmoqmedo
saqmianobas, momRerle
momRerlebi arTobdnen nilosze
naviT mocuraveebs,
xolo mesayvireebi da
me medo medoleebi do d leebi amxnevebdnen
mebrZolebs. musika Tan
sd sdev sdevda ev e da d aseve sacekva sacekvao moZraobebs, sxvadasxva
ri ritu ritualebs tu tual aleb e s sasax sasaxleebsa Tu taZrebSi. amave
dr ddros, os os, musik musika garTobis saSualebac
iy iyo,
o, risi ddasturicaa
Tavad musikis
eg eegvipturi vi vipt ptu saxelwodeba `hi~ (`xi~),
ra rrac c si siamovnebas niSnavs.
ccnobilia,
rom adreul
pe pperiodSi, r
aRmosavleTis

sxva xalxebis msgavsad, egviptur musikasac
sinkretuli xasiaTi hqonda. aq gavrcelebuli iyo
erTxmianoba, Semdeg ki primitiuli orxmianobac
gaCnda. sruldeboda solo simRerebi da sagundo
musikac. solo simRerebi sxvadasxva sakravis
TanxlebiT sruldeboda, xolo sagundo musikas
gundi unisonSi asrulebda (unisoni erTi da imave simaRlis
ori an meti xmis erTdrouli JReradobaa). gavrcelebuli
iyo sagundo Sesrulebis sxvadasxva forma. sagundo
musikas xan erTi gundi asrulebda, xan ki ori gundi
monacvleobiT. zogjer ki solisti da gundi enacvleboda erTmaneTs.
Zvel egvipteSi xSirad ewyoboda saxalxo dResaswaulebi.
gavrcelebuli iyo xalxuri Semoqmedeba da profesiuli musikac.
profesionali musikosebi sakulto da saero musikas qmnidnen.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo e.w. misteriebi _ musikalur-dramatuli
warmodgenebi,isini eZRvneboda RmerTebs osiriss,, izidasa da totis,
romlebic musikaluri xelovnebis
Semqmnelebad iTvlebodnen. misteriebis
yvelaze popularuli Tema iyo Txroba
osirisis sikvdilisa da mkvdreTiT
aRdgomis Sesaxeb (osirisi _ bunebis
Semqmneli Zalebisa da imqveyniuri
samyaros RmerTia). taZrebSi Sesrulebuli
misteriebi sagundo iyo, xolo faraonebisa
da didgvarovnebis sasaxleebSi gamarTul
RvTaebebisadmi miZRvnil warmodgenebSi
osirisi da izida
aleqsandriis leq d biblioTeka
didi adgili ekava cekvebsa da
instrumentul musikas.
verdi - opera `aida~. scena nilosTan
brma musikosi arfiT
egviptis dedaqalaqi kairo _ `aTasi monastrisa~ da `aRmosavleTis
karibWe~, rogorc mas uwodebdnen, afrikis yvelaze didi qalaqia. mis
muzeumSi egviptis msoflio saganZuria Tavmoyrili. egviptis sididiT
meore qalaqi aleqsandria Zvel droSi ganTqmuli iyo aleqsandriis
SuquriT. (erT-erTi Svid saocrebaTagani, Semdgom ganadgurebuli). aleqsandriaSi iyo
aseve Zvel samyaroSi ganTqmuli biblioTeka, romelic arabTa Semosevebis dros ganadgurda.
dRes mis adgilas araCveulebrivi, Tanamedrove, uzarmazari biblioTeka arsebobs. aq rva
milioni wignia daculi. misi fasadis erT-erT kedelze ki msoflioSi arsebuli ToTxmetive
anbanis asoebia amokveTili,maTs Sorisaa qarTuli anbanic.
egviptis dedaqalaqis kairos saxeli warmodgeba arabuli sityvisgan `al-kahiri~, romelic
planeta marss aRniSnavs
19

gakveTili 15
juzepe verdi
(1813-1901)
XIX saukunis gamoCenili italieli kompozitori
juzepe verdi msoflio musikaluri kulturis udidesi
figuraa da erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli saopero
kompozitoria. verdi daibada 1813 wlis 10 oqtombers, qalaq
busetos maxloblad mdebare patara sofel le-ronkoleSi,
Raribi mikitnis ojaxSi. lukma-puris mosapoveblad bavSvobidan bevrs Sromobda.
musika Zalian uyvarda da mamam es rom SeamCnia, patara juzepes spineti aCuqa [spineti
klavesinis nairsaxeobaa]. am sakravs kompozitori mTeli cxovreba saTuTad inaxavda.
musikaluri ganaTleba axalgazrda verdim TiTqmis damoukideblad miiRo, sofelSi
iswavla musikaluri anbani da organze dakvra. samwuxarod milanis konservatoriaSi
juzepe verdi ar miiRes, mkacrma komisiam igi uniWod CaTvala. amis Semdeg verdim
mecadineoba saopero Teatr ,,la-skalas’’diriJor vinCenco laviniasTan daiwyo.
misi meSveobiT Seiswavla saopero musika, eswreboda saopero speqtaklebs, usmenda
rosinis, donicetis, belinis operebs. verdim xangrZlivi SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis
manZilze 26 opera dawera. pirveli warmateba gmirul-istoriul siuJetebze
dawerilma operebma moutanes. esenia ,,nabuqo’’, ,,lombardielebi’’, ,,ernani’’. am
operebis melodiebi xalxma aitaca da quCebSi mReroda. male verdis popularoba
italiis sazRvrebs gascda da igi mTelma msofliom gaicno. dResac msoflios
saukeTeso scenebs verdis saopero Sedevrebi: ,,rigoleto’’,
,,traviata’’, bal-maskaradi’’, ,,aida’’, ,,otelo’’, ,,falstafi’’
amSvenebs.
verdi iyo ara mxolod udidesi musikosi, aramed
didi moqalaqe, patrioti da demokrati. bevr keTil
saqmes uxmaurod akeTebda, materialurad exmareboda
gaWirvebulebs.xolo Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis
50 wlisTavi didi RonisZiebebiT ki ar aRniSna, aramed
milanis moxucebuli musikosebisTvis saxli aaSena. mas
mogvianebiT ,,verdis saxli’’ daerqva. gardacvalebis mere didi maestro am saxlis
patara samlocveloSi meuRlis- jozepinas gverdiT daasaflaves. gardacvalebamde
3-4 wliT adre ki verdim anderZi Seadgina, romelSic mebaRec ki ar daviwyebia.
verdis dakrZalvas 300 000 milaneli daeswro.axalgazrda arturo toskaninis
xelmZRvanelobiT, romelic SemdgomSi legendarul diriJorad iqca, orkestrma
gundTan erTad Seasrula musika operidan ,,nabuqo’’.
verdi genios kompozitorad sicocxleSive aRiares.
Rrmad moxucebul verdis ekuTvnis es sityvebi:
20 wlis asakSi vambobdi - ,,me’’,
30 wlisa - ,,me da mocarti’’,
40 wlisa vyvirodi - ,,mocarti da me’’,
axla vfiqrob - ,,mocarti’’.
opera italiuri sityvaa da Seqmnas, SeTxzvas
niSnavs. operis samSobloa italia, qalaqi
florencia.
pirveli opera `dafna~ daiwera 1594 wels.
avtorebi: peri da rinuCini.
xelovnebis romel dargebs aerTianebs opera? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
gaixsene qalTa xmebi.
20
juzepe verdi
mxatvari jovani boldini
verdis spineti - klavesini
juzepe verdi

qali arfiT
egvipteli musikosebi
gakveTili 16
Zv.w. III saukuneSi egvipteSi farTod
gavrcelda da popularul profesiad
iqca xeironomia _ gundis, momRerlebis
xelmZRvaneloba. xeironomi musikosebs
bgeris simaRles da melodiis mimarTulebas
miuTiTebda. xeironomebi ZiriTadad
qurumTa wridan iyvnen. maT arfaze da
fleitaze dakvrac unda scodnodaT.
egvipteli musikosebi
_ SeiZleba xeironomebi Tanamedrove
diriJorebis winaprebad miviCnioT? ratom?
egvipteSi musikosTa sxvadasxva ansambli
iyo gavrcelebuli.solo Semsruleblebi ZiriTadad
arfaze damkvrelebi iyvnen. Tavad faraonebic xSirad
muzicirebdnen xolme. egvipteSi musikas xom faraonTa
xelovnebas uwodebdnen. egvipteSi bevrma musikosma
daimsaxura pativi da dideba. Cvenamde
moaRwia faraonTa sasaxleebSi moRvawe
araerTi musikos-Semsruleblissaxelma.
maT Soris profesiuli musikis
istoriaSi pirvel musikosad miCneulia
karis fleitisti, momRerali da
romel qarTul
xalxur sakravs
mogagonebT?
sasaxlis kapelis xelmZRvaneli kufuanxi.
mas faraonma usurkafma Tavis musikosebi barbiTiTa da arfiT
samarxis reliefi Zv. w. XVI _ XIV s.s.
piramidasTan Zeglic ki daudga.xSirad,
musikis profesia Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda. cnobili iyo
sxvadasxva saojaxo dinastiebi. samwuxarod, ar aris SemorCenili
xalxur musikosTa saxelebi. egviptelma musikosebma sazRvrebs
gareTac gaiTqves saxeli. bevri maTgani saberZneTSi aswavlida.
Tavis mxriv, berZeni swavlulebi da musikosebic xSirad stumrobden
egviptes. aq muSaobden istoriis mama herodote da filosofosi
platoni,maT aRweres musikosTa cxovreba, sakravebi da maTi
JReradoba. mogvianebiT egviptur yofaSi siriidan gavrcelda
satrfialo simRerebi da samxedro musika. berZnul-romaul epoqaSi
egvipturi musika TandaTan berZnuls miuaxlovda, Tumca didi xnis
manZilze SeinarCuna individualoba. mraval sakravsa da simReras
gauxangrZlives sicocxle koptebma _qristianma egviptelebma. bizantiuri xanidan
ki – egvipturma musikam nel-nela Tavisi TviTmyofi saxe dakarga.
Zvelegvipturi arfa Zvelegvipteli musikosebi
21

klaviatura
fortepianoze TeTri da Savi klaviSebiT vukravT. maT erTobliobas klaviatura
ewodeba. klaviatura laTinuri sityvaa - clavis - gasaRebs niSnavs. klaviatura iyofa
oqtavebad. oqtava italiurad rvas niSnavs.
davasaxeloT oqtavebi: subkontroqtava, kontroqtava, didi oqtava, patara
oqtava, I oqtava, II oqtava, II oqtava, IV oqtava, V oqtava _ arasrulia, radgan is xuTi
bgerisgan Sedgeba. subkontroqtavis garda danarCeni oqtavebi Svidsafexuriani
bgeraTarigisgan Sedgeba.
daasaxeleT oqtavis bgerebi: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sub- kontroqtava didi oqtava patara oqtava I oqtava II oqtava III oqtava IV oqtava V oqtava
kontroqtava
es notebi Seesabamebian I oqtavas. zeda do-dan zeviT ukve II oqtava iwyeba.
Tqvens sanoto rveulebSi dawereT II oqtavis re.
dawere noti re
klaviatura fortepianos erT-erTi ZiriTadi Semadgeneli nawilia. igi sxva
klaviSian sakravebsac aqvs. esenia: organi, akordeoni, klavesini da Tanamedrove
sinTezatori.
ritmul-intonaciuri savarjiSo:
taSiT da kakuniT gamoxateT ritmuli suraTi.
daasaxele taqtis zoma
gaimRere savarjiSoebi da daadgine, romeli sruldeba stakatoTi da romeli legatoTi
22
&4 2 œ
F
&4 3 œ .
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ . œ . œ .
œ . œ . œ . œ . œ . œ . œ . œ .
œ .
œ . .
tempi - laT. tempus - niSnavs dros. musikaSi tempi aRniSnavs nawarmoebis
Sesrulebis siCqares. tempi mniSvnelovani gamomsaxvelobiTi
saSualebaa . tempis SerCeva damokidebulia nawarmoebis xasiaTsa da
mis Sinaarsze. arsebobs neli, saSualo da Cqari tempebi.

Zvelegvipturi sakravebi
aRsaniSnavia, rom Zveli egviptelebi,
musikalur sakravebs da maT xmebs ama Tu im
sagans,movlenas an magiur Zalas ukavSirebdnen.
ase mag: erT-erTi adreuli sakravi-lerwmis
fleita nayofierebis RmerTTan iyo
gaigivebuli.
fiqroben, rom uZveles droSi nilosis
napirebze mcxovrebT Tavdapirvelad
dasartyami, xmauris gamomwvevi sakravebi
hqondaT, romlebsac iyenebdnen sawesCveulebo
ritualebisas da raime gangaSis sauwyebladac.
es iyo sxvadasxva Cxaruna, xis sandaletebi, JRarunebi, dafdafi,
sistra. gviptelTa azriT, sistrebis CxaruniT SeiZleboda taZrebidan sikvdilisa da
ubedurebis gandevna. dedofal kleopatras brZanebiT ki brZolis dros, romaelTa
dasaSineblad egvipteli meomrebi uamrav sistras iyenebdnen. egviptelebi tanzec
atarebdnen sakravebs, romlebic moZraobisas xmebs TavisTavad gamoscemdnen.
mogvianebiT gaCnda _ Tixis fleitebi, xis sastvenebi. . .maT TandaTan miemataT
lerwmis salamuri (Tanamedrove klarnetis winapari), Wiqis formis didi dolebi,
moxr moxrili liTonis Wrialebi. roca musikaluri cxovreba kidev ufro
ga ganviTarda gaCnda axali natifi Casaberi sakravebi,romlebsac
ZZvirfasi
liTonisa da xisgan amzadebdnen. saberZneTidan Semovida
panis fleita (siriniqsi, larWemi), berZnul-romaul periodSi ki
gavrcelda avlosi, bukcina, sxvadasxva lirebi, tuCis harmonika....
Zv w. III saukuneSi aleqsandrielma meqanikosma qtesibiusma
hidravlosi _ wylis organi Seqmna.es sakravi egviptidan romSic
gavrcelda. g
hidravloss organis winaparad miiCneven.
aziidan Semovida sayvirebi, bukebi, mrgvali da oTxkuTxedi dolebi,
dasartyami rgolebi, dairebi, JRarunebi,zanzalakebi. egvipteSi Zalze
popularuli sakravi iyo sayviri,romelsac mravalnairi daniSnuleba
hqonda.sasaxleebSi dwesaswaulebze igi sazeimo ganwyobis asamaRleblad
gamoiyeneboda, taZrebSi mzis amosvlisa da Casvlis mauwyebeli iyo.
sayviri JRerda aseve merbrZolTa suliskveTebis asamaRleblad da omSi
gamarjvebulTa sazeimo Sexvedrebzec. egviptelTa sayvareli uZvelesi
sakravi _ 4 simiani, patara gadasatani arfa iyo. masze fexmorTxmiT
ukravdnen, mogvianebiT misi zoma gaizarda, formac icvala da ufro
daixvewa.egviptelebi am sakravs udides pativs scemdnen da oqroTi da
Zvirfasi qvebiT amkobdnen...
egvipturi daira
egvipturi
hidravlosi
egvipturi bumbeki _ doli
juzepe verdi. opera `aida~,
I moqmedebis II suraTi, scena taZarSi
daasaxele, ra sakravebi JRers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ra xasiaTisaa musika da ra tempSi JRers?
Seni ganwyoba da STabeWdileba gadmoeci naxatiT.
gakveTili 17
23
egvipturi arfebi
egvipturi sistra _ JRaruna
ormagi fleita

gakveTili 18
wina gakveTilebze bevri visaubreT Zvel egviptesa da mis musikalur
kulturaze, uZveles sakravebze. Tavis droze egviptis kulturiT dainteresda
gamoCenili italieli kompozitori juzepe verdic, rodesac
opera `aidaze~ daiwyo muSaoba. man Zalian kargad Seiswavla Zveli egviptis
istoria, arqeologia, religia, wes-Cveulebebi, xelovnebis nimuSebi,
Zveli egvipturi sakravaebi. eqvsi Zvelegvipturi sayviri SeukveTa,
raTa misi uZvelesi JReradoba gaecocxlebina. mas Semdeg, simfoniuri orkestris
am sakravebs `egviptur sayvirebs~ uwodeben. marTalia, am udidesi kompozitoris
opera italiur enaze JRers, misi Sinaarsi swored Zvel egviptes
ukavSirdeba. Tumca verdis musika ar aris eTnografiuli
xasiaTis da masSi ver SevxvdebiT verc erT nasesxeb
aRmosavlur melodias, am didebul musikas egviptis
uZveles da egzotikur samyaro-
Si gadavyavarT. sainteresoa
am operis Seqmnis istoria.1868
wels egviptis mmarTvelma xali-
kairos opera
verdi ,,aida”
fa izmail faSam, ukve saqveynod
cnobil kompozitors kairos ax-
ali Teatrisa da sueciis arxis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebiT
operis dawera SeukveTa. maSin verdim uari ganacxada,
magram ori wlis Semdeg, roca Zvelegviptur siuJetze
milani. la skala
scenari waikiTxa, aRfrTovanebuli siamovnebiT daTanmxda. scenaris avtori aRmoCnda
frangi egviptologi o. marieti. is iyo cnobili mecnieri, kairos muzeumis
pirveli direqtori, romelsac egviptelTa winaSe didi damsaxurebisTvis egviptis
mTavrobam beis tituli mianiWa (bei aRmosavleTis qveynebSi batons niSnavs). marietis
scenars safuZvlad mis mierve papirusze amokiTxuli uZvelesi legenda daedo,
romelic gviambobs egvipteli faraonebis mravalsaukunovan brZolaze
eTiopiis (imdroindeli nubiis) winaaRmdeg, eTiopieli mona
qalis aidasa da egviptelTa axalgazrda mTavarsardlis radamesis
siyvarulis ambavs.
,,me aRfrTovanebuli var, warmoidgineT - vwer operas kairosTvis!!!’’
verdisTvis didad saamayo iyo is ambavi, rom ,,aidas’’ dadgma
suecis arxis gaxsnas ukavSirdeboda!
kompozitorma konsulta-
scena opera `aidadan~
ciebi swored marietisgan miiRo
Zveli egviptis Sesaxeb. kairos
speqtaklisTvis dekoraciebi da kostumebi marietis
eskizebis mixedviT damzadda. opera udidesi
warmatebiT daidga kairoSi, 1871 wlis 24 dekembers,
kompozitori am speqtakls ar daswrebia, radgan
,,aida’’male milanSic unda daedgaT. milanis ,,la
skala’’ xalxiT iyo savse. aplodismentebi ar wydeboda.
antraqtis dros ki musikosebma verdis oqros
sadiriJoro joxi aCuqes. milanuri premieridan
erTi wlis Semdeg `aida~ neapolSi daidga. speqtaklis Semdeg aRfrTovanebulma
msmenelma kompozitori sastumromde xelSi atacebuli miiyvana. ukan ki anTebuli
CiraRdnebiT aTasobiT adamiani mihyveboda. orkestri mTeli saRamo verdis aivanis
qveS triumfalur marSs ukravda.
24
juzepe verdi. opera `aida~. triumfaluri marSi
mousmine musikas da Seni STabeWdileba daxate an dawere.
am marSSi JRers `egvipturi sayvirebi~
Zvelegvipteli mesayvire

musikaluri testi
egvipteli mesayvire
juzepe verdi
daasaxele Casaberi sakravebi da aRmoaCine Secdoma.
marSi franguli sityvaa da niSnavs siaruls, svlas, moZraobas. marSebi
sxvadasxva xasiaTisaa: sazeimo, sadResaswaulo, samxedro, saqorwino,
samgloviaro da sxv. marSebs axasiaTebT 4/4 da 2/4 zoma. samxedrosazeiomo
marSebs xSirad fanfaruli intonaciebi aqvT.
fanfara Zveleburi sasignalo Casaberi sakravia, sayviris nairsaxeobaa.
igi isea mowyobili, rom umetesad samxmovanebis bgerebs iRebs. aseTi
intonacia-signalebi TiTqmis yvela samxedro marSSi gvxvdeba, maT
gareSe warmoudgenelia samxedro musika. am fanfarul intonaciebSia
asaxuli sulieri simxneve, mtkice xasiaTi da energia.
erTxel, montekatinas vilaSi verdis megobari
ewvia da misi TavmdablobiT gaocebuli darCa. kompozitori
erT patara oTaxSi Seketiliyo. es oTaxi
misi sasadiloc iyo, misaRebic, samuSao oTaxica da
saZinebelic. saxlSi kidev 2 oTaxi aRmoCnda. magram
verdis im or ,,saidumlo’’ oTaxSi hqonia Senaxuli 100-mde arRani. Turme mis aq
Camosvlamde am arRnebze quCis musikosebi gamudmebiT ukravdnen ariebs misi
operebidan `rigoleto’’, ,,trubaduri’’, ,,traviata~ da kompozitors muSaobis
saSualebas ar aZlevdnen. ,,me gadavwyvite es sakravebi mTeli sezoniT viqiravo.
marTalia, es siamovneba 1500 lira damijda, magram samagierod, axla SemiZlia
sruliad mSvidad vimuSavo’’ – daamata verdim..
25

samxmovaneba
sami bgerisagan Semdgar akords samxmovaneba ewodeba. akordi _ accordo _ italiuri
sityvaa da sami an meti musikaluri bgeris harmoniul SeerTebas niSnavs.
_ axla gavimReroT gama do-maJori da do, mi, sol bgerebi gavaferadoT wiTlad.
gaaferade
am gaferadebuli bgerebis erToblioba qmnis
samxmovanebas.
gaimRere samxmovanebis bgerebi
& w w w & w w w w w w
gaimRere intonaciuri savarjiSo. imRere Sens megobarTan erTad or
xmaSi. aRniSne samxmovanebis bgerebi
dawere meore oqtavis notebi: do, re, mi
& w
& w
& w
solfejio
solfejio
solfejio
ritmul-intonaciuri savarjiSo
taSiT da kakuniT Seasrule ritmuli suraTi. daasaxele taqtis zoma
gamoicani ra simReraa. gaavle paraleli uZveles adamianTa simRerebTan.
26
sulxan cincaZe - sakvarteto miniatura `mwyemsuri~
mousmine musikas da gamoicani, romeli sakravebi
JReren, simebiani sakravebiT romel xalxur sakravs baZavs
kompozitori.

`ra mweralia, Sumeruli Tu ar icis~.
Sumeruli damwerloba Tixis firfita
oTxsimian qnarze Sesasrulebeli
simRera himni babiloni.
2000-1700 Zv.w.
oqros xarisTaviani
arfa Zv.w. 2600
Sumeri
daaxloebiT 6000 wlis win, axlandeli erayis
miwa-wyalze, tigrossa da evfrats Soris sparseTis
ubis sanapiroebTan gadaSlili iyo uZvelesi
kulturis qveyana _ Sumeri, sadac kacobriobis
erT-erT udides kulturas Caeyara
safuZveli. amboben, istoria Sumeridan iwyebao.
Sumerebi sakuTar Tavs `SavTavians~ uwodebdnen.
`SavTavianni~ SuamdinareTis xalxTa
zogadi saxelicaa. Sumerebma dasabami misces
SuamdinareTis civilizacias. maT mier Seqmnili
kulturis unikaluri Zegli, Sedevri _
lursmuli damwerlobaa,romelic Zv.w. IV s-dan
iRebs dasabams.Tixis firfitebze dawerili nimuSebis
amokiTxva pirvelad XIX s-is dasawyisSi
germanelma filologma geog fridrix grotenfendma SesZlo.
Sumeruli damwerloba gadaiRes aqadebma, asirielebma
da sxvebma. Sumerebma pirvelebma moxates Tixis WurWeli,
aages farTo taZrebi, romlis kedlebic nadirobisa da msxverplTSewirvis
scenebiT daamSvenes, erT-erTma pirvelebma
daamzades oqros WurWeli da iaraRi. SumerTa bevri Zegli
ganadgurda, xolo is, rac im udidesi saganZurebidan
gadarCa, dRes msoflios saukeTeso muzeumebSi inaxeba da
saamayoa kacobriobisaTvis.
am saganZuridanaa xisa da oqros xarisTaviani arfa,
mravali samkauli da sakulto namuSevari. Sumerebma ber-
Znebze bevrad adre Seqmnes xelovnebis uZvelesi nimuSebi
_ zodiaqos niSnebiani uZvelesi RvTaebebis reliefuri
suraTebi da beWdebi...
Sumeruli andazebi
`ra mweralia, Sumeruli Tu ar icis~.
`xelma xelTan erTad saxli aaSena,
mucelma mucelTan erTad saxli daaqcia~.
`cudad aRWurvil qveyanas
mteri mudam karibWis win
eyolebao~.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Sumerebi uZveles samyaroSi mravali saukunis
ganmavlobaSi iyvnen istoriis ,,mTavari moqmedi pirni~. maTi astronomia
da maTematika yvelaze zusti iyo mTels axlo aRmosavleTSi. Cven dResac
vyofT wels 4 drod, 12 Tved, zodiaqos 12 niSnad, vzomavT kuTxeebs, wuTebsa
da wamebs ise, rogorc amas odesRac Sumerebi akeTebdnen.
magram Sumerebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani wvlili
msoflio istroaiSi damwerlobis gamogonebaa. swored
damwerlobam daaCqara ganviTareba adamianis moRvaweobisa
yvela sferoSi; SesaZlebeli gaxda meurneobis
aRwera, dagegmva, gaCnda ganaTlebis sistema..
h i m n i
`Su me ro, di a do mi wav mTel qvey ni e re ba ze, naT liT
Se mo si lo, RvTi ur mad lTa mim fe ne lo aR momo- sav li dan da sav lam de, Se ni RvTi u ri mad lni
mtki ce da Se ur ye ve li a, Se ni gu li Ca uR we ve-
li uf skru li a, Se ni az ri, ro me lic gul Si
gaqvs, ca sa viT mi uw vdo me li a...~
gakveTili 19
27

gakveTili 20-21
28
Jingle Bell Rock
Jingle bell, jingle bell, jingle bell rock
Jingle bells swing and jingle bells ring
Snowing and blowing up bushels of fun
Now the jingle hop has begun
Jingle bell, jingle bell, jingle bell rock
Jingle bells chime in jingle bell time
Dancing and prancing in Jingle Bell Square
In the frosty air.
What a bright time, it’s the right time
To rock the night away
Jingle bell time is a swell time
To go gliding in a one-horse sleigh
Giddy-up jingle horse, pick up your feet
Jingle around the clock
Mix and a-mingle in the jingling feet
That’s the jingle bell,
That’s the jingle bell,
That’s the jingle bell rock
“Jingle Bells Rock”, asrulebs ansambli “Holly Dolly”
mousmine am simReris minus fonogramas da imRere TviTon

Sumeruli literaturis erT-erTi yvelaze
cnobili Zeglia `eposi gilgameSze~. es aris Sumeruli
legendebis krebuli, romelic mogvianebiT
Zvel aqadeur enazec iTargmna.masSi moTxrobili
ambebi lursmuli damwerlobiT Sesrulebul
Tixis 12 firfitaze iyo gadmocemuli, romelTagan
samwuxarod yvela ver Semoinaxa..eposi mogviTxrobs Suamdinaruli folkloris
yvelaze popularul gmirze, urukis legendarul mefe gilgameSze ,mis megobar velur
enqiduze da ukvdavebis saidumlos Ziebaze.
gilgameSi
Zvel SumerTa I dinastiis mefe gilgameSi (3000-2000
ww.mijna) eposSi moxseniebulia, rogorc RmerTkaci,SumerTa
gmiri, amasTanave ampartavani da amayic. misgan Seviwrovebuli
uruqis xalxi RmerTebs daxmarebas sTxovs. RmerTebi
dedamiwaze qalRmerTs agzavnian, romelic gilgameSTan sabrZolvelad
Tixisgan uZlevel gmir enqidus gamoZerwavs.
magram male gilgameSi da enqidu damegobrdebian. isini er-
Tad gailaSqreben fiWvis tyeebis mflobel urCxul humbabas
winaaRmdeg da mzis RmerTis daxmarebiT daamarcxeben mas.
gilgameSze ganawyenebuli siyvarulisa da omis qalRmerTi
iSTari ki Suris saZieblad mamamiss _ mTavar RmerT anus _
sTxovs gansacdeli miuvlinos gilgameSs.magram megobrebi
RmerTebisgan gamogzavnil uzarmazar xarsac daamarcxeben
da iSTars dascineben. aseTi mkrexelobis gamo enkidu kvdeba,
sasowarkveTili gilgameSi ki `cxovrebis saidumlos~ saZebnelad
gaemgzavreba. bevri mogzaurobis Semdeg igi ipovnis
mcenares, romelic sicocxles ubrunebs adamians, magram
rodesac gilgameSi mcire
xniT mas Tvals moacilebs,
mcenares gveli
gaitacebs...
`gilgameSi~ mraval
enazea naTargmni,maT
Soris qarTuladacaa gamocemuli.gilgameSis
brZolis epizodi asaxulia gamomwvari Tixis reliefze
(Zv w. II aTaswl.).Zvel Sumerul da aqadur
beWdebzec xSirad gamosaxavdnen mxecebTan mebrZol
RmerTkacs.
urCxul humbabas Tavi
Sumeruli RvTaeba
gilgameSi
Sumeruli nageboba
zigurti, q. uri
XXII-XXI s.s. Zv. w.
gilgameSi da enqidu
imogzaure uZveles samyaroSi: www.metacafe.com - Images Of Ancient Assyrians & Babylonians
gakveTili 22
29

gakveTili 23
qnari
egviptis msgavsad, SuamdinareTis saxelmwifoebSic musikosebs
reliefebze da gansakuTrebiT cilindrul beWdebze gamosaxavdnen.
es ZiriTadad ritualuri nadimisa da RmerTTa Tavyrilobebis
scenebia. musikaluri instrumentebic egvipturis msgavsia _ arfebi,
lirebi. swored Sumerebma Seqmnes maRalganviTarebuli
instrumentuli kultura _ rkaliseburi da
kuTxovani arfebi, salamuri,fleita, hoboi,daira,
didi dolebi. erT-erT Tixis firitaze lursmuli damwerlobiT
Cawerili teqstis poeturi fragmenti ki mecnierTa azriT, vokaluri
melodiaa arfis akompanimentiT.
Sumerebis musikalur kulturaze warmodgena mecnierebam sxva
wyaroebiTac Seavso. esenia: sxvadasxva sameurneo angariSebi, iuridiul
dokumentebi, maTematikis da anatomiis saxelmZRvaneloebi,
himnebisa da sagalobelTa teqstebi, qandakebebisa da mxatvro-
bis nimuSebi.
30
Sumeris musika
Sumeruli msxverplSewirva
qnaris TanxlebiT Zv. w. 2400 s.
oqros xarisTaviani qnaris sadgamze
gamosaxulia mocekvave daTvi, qnarze
damkvreli viri da mefurad metyveli lomi.
moWedilia sadafebiTa da Zvirfasi qvebiT.
oqros xarisTaviani arfa Zv.w. 2600
SumerTa Semdeg SuamdinareTis am teritoriaze arsebobda aqadi,
babiloni, siria-finikia, asiria.
daukari da daadgine diapazoni
oTxsimian qnarze Sesasrulebeli simRera himni babiloni 2000 -1700 Zv.w.