File : THESIS.pdf - Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

cycle;
(d) outline the biological basis of the effect of oestrogen/progesterone
contraceptive pills;
(e) discuss and evaluate the biological, social and ethical implications of
the use of contraception
(f) outline the technique of in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) and discuss its ethical
implications;
(g) use the knowledge gained in this section in new situations or to
solve related problems.
PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT
INTRODUCTION
BIOLOGY 9700 A/AS LEVEL 2007
Candidates should be given opportunities for the practice of experimental skills
throughout the whole period of their course of study. As a guide, candidates
should expect to spend at least 20% of their time doing practical work individually
or in small groups. This 20% does not include the time spent observing teacher
demonstrations of experiments and simulations. The practical work that
candidates do during their course should aim to:
• provide learning opportunities so that candidates develop the skills they
need to carry out experimental and investigative work;
• reinforce the learning of the theoretical subject content of the syllabus;
• instil an understanding of the interplay of experiment and theory in scientific
method;
• prove enjoyable, contributing to the motivation of candidates.
Candidates’ experimental skills will be assessed in papers 3 and 5. In both
papers, the examiners may not be strictly bound by the subject content of the
syllabus in finding contexts for the setting of questions. Within unfamiliar
contexts, candidates will be told exactly what to do and how to do it. Within
familiar contexts listed in the syllabus, the candidates will be expected to know
how to use the techniques. Knowledge of theory and experimental skills will be
drawn only from within the syllabus. Examples of unfamiliar contexts might
include:
• following instructions to set up and use unfamiliar equipment such as a simple
respirometer;
• making microscopic observations, drawing and magnification calculations
from unfamiliar structures of specimens;
• following instructions to use unfamiliar biochemical procedures.
122