enis Sefaseba da testireba

kaxa gabunia 

maia inasariZe 

mzia wereTeli 

enis Sefaseba da testireba 


(damxmare saxelmZRvanelo maswavleblebisTvis) 

`saimedo~ 

Tbilisi, 2011 

1


saxelmZRvanelo gamoicema euTos erovnul umciresobaTa 

umaRlesi komisris ofisis mxardaWeriT proeqtis „multi- 

lingvuri ganaTlebis reformis xelSewyoba saqarTveloSi“ 

farglebSi. proeqti xorcieldeba `samoqalaqo integraciisa 

da erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis centris (CCIIR)~ mier. 

The textbook is published in the framework of the project “Supporting Multi- 

lingual Educational Reform in Georgia”. The project is funded by the office of 

OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. The project is imple- 

mented by the Center for Civil Integration and Inter-Ethnic Relations 

(CCIIR). 

konsultanti: ligita grigule (latvia) 

redaqtori 

Salva tabataZe 

ISBN 978-9941-0-4090-0 

© samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis centri 

2


Sinaarsi 

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 4 

Tavi 1, Sefasebis arsi da mniSvneloba saswavlo procesSi . . gv. 5 

1. Sefasebis miznebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 5 

2. Sefasebis ZiriTadi principebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 7 

3. Sefasebis sami tipi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 9 

4. Sefasebis saxeebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 10 

5. Sefasebis procesi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 14 

6. Sefasebis formebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 18 

7. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebi Sefasebis mimarT . . . gv. 21 

Tavi 2, enobrivi unarebis Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 22 

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 22 

1. zepirmetyvelebis (mosmenisa da laparakis) 

unar-Cvevebis Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3 

gv. 25 

a. mosmenis unaris Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 25 

b. laparakis unaris Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 35 

2. wignierebis (kiTxvisa da weris unarebis) Sefaseba . . . . . . . . gv. 39 

a. kiTxva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 39 

b. wera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 54 

g. leqsika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 59 

d. gramatika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 61 

3. TviTSefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 68 

Tavi 3, testirebis mniSvneloba meore enis swavlebis 

procesSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 78 

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 78 

1. testebis kategoriebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 82 

2. testis ZiriTadi ganzomilebebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 92 

3. testis ZiriTadi Teoriebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 112 

4. testis Sedgenis safexurebi (etapebi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 115 

5. testuri davalebebis tipebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 131 

6. damatebiTi rCevebi testis SeqmnisaTvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 143 

7. testirebis monacemebis pirveladi analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 146 

Tavi 4, Sefasebis meTodebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 151 

1. skalebis SemuSavebis meTodebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 151 

a. intuitiuri meTodebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 153 

b. Tvisebrivi meTodebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 154 

g. raodenobrivi meTodebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 156 

Tavi 5, bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesis Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . gv. 160 

1. bilingvuri ganaTlebis arsi da Sefasebis 

mniSvneloba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

gv. 160 

2. orenovnebis (bilingvizmis) Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 163 

3. meore enis Sefaseba bilingvur gakveTilze . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 169 

4. bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 216 

terminTa ganmarteba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 226 

gamoyenebuli literatura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 235

Sesavali 


erovnuli saswavlo gegmis xuT ZiriTad siaxleTa Soris upirve- 

lesi aris is, rom `saganmanaTleblo procesis centrSi dgas mos- 

wavle da miRweuli Sedegi (mniSvnelovania ara imdenad is, Tu ris 

swavlebas cdilobs maswavlebeli, aramed is, Tu ra iswavla moswav- 

lem)~. orientacia TiToeul moswavlesa da Sedegze Tvisebrivad 

cvlis Sefasebis sistemas. Sefasebis saSualebiT ganisazRvreba im 

saswavlo Sedegebis miRwevis xarisxi, romlebic standartiT aris 

gaTvaliswinebuli. 

saswavlo procesis Sefaseba aris saswavlo miznebis miRwevis 

xarisxis damdgeni monacemebis Segrovebis, aRricxvisa da analizis 

mudmivi procesi, moswavleTa warmatebisa da progresis 

Tanamimdevruli Seswavla. 

swavlebis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis procesSi Sefasebas 

mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs. maswavlebelma unda icodes, Tu ra, 

rodis, ratom da rogor unda Seafasos. maswavlebeli, pirvel rigSi, 

gegmavs, Tu ra Sedegs (an Sedegebs) surs, rom miaRwios; Semdeg 

gegmavs, Tu rogor Seafasos, aRwevs Tu ara igi am Sedegs da bolos, 

gansazRvravs im saSualebebs, romliTac igi am Sedegis miRwevas 

Seecdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, Sefasebis roli umniSvnelovanesia 

swored imitom, rom misi saSualebiT maswavlebeli gansazRvravs da 

adgens im saSualebebs, riTac man sasurvel Sedegebs unda miaRwios. 

Aamdenad, Sefasebis procesSi dgeba ramdenime mniSvnelovani kiTxva: 

risTvis vafasebT (Sefasebis mizani)? 

ras vafasebT (Sefasebis sagani)? 

rogor vafasebT (Sefasebis xerxebi, instrumentebi)? 

vis vafasebT (Sefasebis obieqti)? 

rodis vafasebT (ra sixSiriT, ra vadebSi)? 

rogor viyenebT Sefasebis Sedegebs (monacemTa analizi)? 

4

Tavi 1 


Sefasebis arsi da mniSvneloba 

saswavlo procesSi 

1. Sefasebis miznebi 

saswavlo procesis Sefasebis ZiriTadi miznebia: 

calkeuli moswavlisa Tu moswavleTa jgufis 

ganviTarebaze xangrZlivi da uwyveti dakvirveba; 

swavlebisa da swavlis procesis mudmivi Seswavla, 

monacemTa Sekreba da Sedegebis aRnusxva-wardgena; 

moswavleTa, maswavlebelTa, mSobelTa, skolis 

direqciisa da sazogadoebis (dainteresebis SemTxvevaSi) 

informireba swavlebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb; 

moswavleTa saswavlo moTxovnilebebisa da saWiroebebis 

dadgena da Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebisaTvis xelis 

Sewyoba; 

saswavlo programebis Semdgomi daxvewa; 

swavlebis samomavlo procesebis ganxilva mSoblebTan da 

skolis xelmZRvanelobasTan erTad da Semdgomi 

srulyofa; 

swavlisadmi Segnebuli damokidebulebis stimulireba 

moswavleebSi; 

dainteresebuli mxareebis informireba erovnuli 

saswavlo gegmisa da skolis saswavlo gegmis Sesrulebis 

mimdinareobis Sesaxeb; 

5


moswavleTaTvis Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis unaris 

ganviTareba; 

swavlisadmi pozitiuri damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba, 

iniciativebisa da aqtiurobis waxaliseba; 

calkeuli sagnebisa Tu sagnobrivi sferoebis swavlebaSi 

arsebuli viTarebis dadgena; 

swavlis procesis efeqtiani warmarTva da misi 

koreqtireba; auTvisebeli masalis, Secdomebis gamovlena 

da Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis gansazRvra; 

saswavlo gegmebis (standartebis) Sesrulebisa da 

miRwevadobis Sefaseba calkeul sagnebSi; 

swavlebisa da swavlisaTvis saWiro aqtivobebis SerCeva 

da dagegmva maswavleblis mier; 

xelis Sewyoba motivaciuri garemos CamoyalibebisaTvis; 

saswavlo strategiebis daxvewa; 

saganmanaTleblo resursebis ufro efeqtianad gamoyeneba; 

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTareba; 

saskolo procesebis Seswavla da koordinirebuli saq- 

mianobisaTvis xelSewyoba; 

moswavleebis samomavlo moswrebis prognozireba; 

Sefasebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswineba skolis ganviTarebis 

gegmis Sesadgenad. 

6


2. Sefasebis ZiriTadi principebi 

Sefaseba eyrdnoba Semdeg principebs: 

moswavleTa asakobrivi ganviTarebis Taviseburebebis gaTvalis- 

wineba. Sefasebis procesSi ar SeiZleba davisaxoT miznad imis 

Sefaseba, rac ar Seesabameba moswavleTa asaks; 

moswavleTa SesaZleblobebisa da ganviTarebis tempis 

gaTvaliswineba. Sefasebis kriteriumebis SerCevis an Sedegebis 

prognozirebisas didia Secdomebis daSvebis riski, Tu ar viciT 

moswavleTa SesaZleblobebi da moviTxoveT maTgan is, rac ar 

Seesabameba maTi ganviTarebis temps. SefasebiT 

gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi / kriteriumebi arc Zalian unda 

aRematebodes am maCveneblebs da arc unda CamorCebodes. is unda 

Seesabamebodes an SeiZleba da sasurvelicaa, odnav uswrebdes 

moswavlis ganviTarebis temps; 

erovnuli saswavlo gegmiTa da standartebiT gansazRvruli 

moTxovnebis dacva. Sefaseba unda iTvaliswinebdes, upirveles 

yovlisa, erovnuli saswavlo gegmiTa da standartebiT 

gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs da skolis saswavlo gegmiT (Tu 

aseTi skolas aqvs) gansazRvrul standartebs; 

obieqturobis dacva winaswar SemuSavebuli da SeTanxmebuli 

kriteriumebis safuZvelze. moswavlem unda icodes, ra 

kriteriumebiT Seafaseben mis saswavlo saqmianobas. 

sasurvelia, maswavlebelma moswavleebTan erTad SeimuSaos es 

kriteriumebi an standartiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebis 

mixedviT Tavad Camoayalibos da Semdeg ganixilos klasSi. es, 

erTi mxriv, uzrunvelyofs Sefasebis obieqturobas, xolo, 

meore mxriv, xels Seuwyobs TviTSefasebis unaris ganviTarebas; 

7


Sefasebis Sedegebis sandoobis uzrunvelyofa. unda vicodeT 

zustad, ras vafasebT da darwmunebuli unda viyoT imaSi, rom 

Sefasebis Sedegebi sworia. sandoobis misaRwevad sasurvelia 

Sefasebis ganmeoreba garkveul periodSi. monacemebi sandoa, Tu 

Sedegi ganmeorebadia; 

Sefasebis sizustis (validobis) uzrunvelyofa. Sefasebis 

efeqtianobis gansazRvra SeiZleba monacemebis zusti analiziT, 

rac miiRweva sazomi saSualebebis SesabamisobiT gasazom 

obieqtTan. Tu SefasebiTi RonisZieba mTeli Tavisi SinaarsiT 

namdvilad afasebs im aspeqts, romlis Sefasebac gvinda, 

Sefaseba validuria.; 

Riaoba da gamWvirvaloba. Sefasebis Sedegebi da misi analizi 

Ria da gamWvirvale unda iyos yvela dainteresebuli pirisaTvis 

(cxadia, es ar niSnavs imas, rom calkeuli moswavlis Sefasebis 

Sedegad aRmoCenili Secdomebze sajarod visaubroT). 

8

3. Sefasebis sami tipi 


imis mixedviT, ras adareben Sesafasebel sagans / obieqts, 

ganasxvaveben Sefasebis sam tips: normaze orientirebuls, 

kriteriumze orientirebuls da pirovnebaze orientirebuls (enaTa 

flobis... (1), 2008, gv. 178) 

Tu xdeba calkeuli moswavleebis moswrebis Sedareba, an 

moswavlis moswrebisa _ dadgenil normasTan (norma ganisazRvreba 

romelime jgufis moswrebiT), maSin es aris normaze orientirebuli 

Sefaseba (enaTa flobis... (1), 2008, gv. 178). 

magaliTad: niko wels mexuTea moswrebiT klasSi; ninos 120 

qulidan aqvs 62 qula. 

Tu moswavlis moswrebas adareben winaswar dadgenil 

kriteriumebs, maSin es kriteriumze orientirebuli Sefasebaa., 

romelic adgens, miaRwia Tu ara moswavlem kriteriumebiT 

gansazRvrul dones an ramdenma moswavlem miaRwia amas klasSi. 

magaliTad, klasSi yvelas SeuZlia wakiTxuli teqstis Sinaarsis 

gageba da sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva; kaxa zustad iwers 

eqsperimentis Sedegebs da akeTebs logikur daskvnebs. 

Tu moswavlis moswrebas adareben mis warsul moswrebas, es aris 

pirovnebaze orientirebuli Sefaseba. am SefasebiT advilad dgindeba 

moswavlis individualuri progresi. magaliTad, qeTis meore 

semestrSi prezentaciis komponentSi ori quliT meti aqvs wina 

semestrTan SedarebiT; weriT davalebebSi giorgi aRar uSvebs uxeS 

sintaqsur Secdomebs. 

cxadia, dgeba kiTxva: CamoTvlilTagan romeli gamoviyenoT? pasuxi 

yvelasaTvis naTelia, visac saswavlo procesTan Sexeba aqvs: 

pedagogiur praqtikaSi samive gamoiyeneba. TiToeulis gamoyenebas 

gansazRvravs Sefasebis mizani, Tumca Sedegze da pirovnebaze 

orientirebuli swavlebis pirobebSi upiratesoba eniWeba kriteriumsa 

da pirovnebaze orientirebul Sefasebas. 

9

4. Sefasebis saxeebi 


ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba 

Sefasebis ori umniSvnelovanesi forma, romelic swavlisa da 

swavlebis ganuyofel nawils warmoadgens, aris ganmaviTarebeli 

da ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba. mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma 

icodes, Tu rodis da ra konkretuli miznisTvis unda gamoiyenos 

Sefasebis erTi an meore forma. 

ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizania, rom daexmaros moswavles 

Sedegebis gaumjobesebaSi sxvadasxva rCevis, rekomendaciis Tu 

problemis gadaWris gzebis SeTavazebiT. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis 

dros moswavle maswavleblisgan gakeTebuli komentarebis 

saSualebiT mudmivad iRebs iseT informacias, romelic mas 

Sedegebis gaumjobesebasa da sakuTari swavlis gacnobierebaSi 

exmareba. aseve ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizania, rom 

maswavlebelma moswavleebis susti da Zlieri mxareebis dadgenis 

Semdeg ukeT dagegmos saswavlo procesi. 

ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis tipuri formebia zepiri da weri- 

lobiTi komentarebi, romlebic trimestris ganmavlobaSi an 

trimestris bolos keTdeba. komentarebi aRwers moswavlis (da misi 

namuSevrebis) Zlier da sust mxareebs da, amavdroulad, Seicavs 

rekomendaciebs swavlis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb. ganmaviTarebeli 

Sefasebis gavrcelebuli xerxebia Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis 

cxrilebis gamoyeneba da am cxrilebis safuZvelze Sesabamisi 

rekomendaciebis micema. 

ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba moswavlis ganviTarebaze da swav- 

lebazea orientirebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, aseTi saxis Sefase- 

bisas ar aris aucilebeli, rom maswavlebelma moswavleebs qula 

dauweros. 

10


ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis mizania moswavleTa miRwevebis donis 

gansazRvra saswavlo gegmasTan da saswavlo miznebTan mimarTebiT. 

ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba, faqtobrivad, aris qula, romelsac 

maswavlebeli uwers moswavles konkretuli Temis an sakiTxis 

dasrulebis Semdeg trimestris ganmavlobaSi an trimestris/wlis 

bolos. ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis mizniT, maswavlebeli iyenebs 

sxvadasxva Semajamebel aqtivobas, magaliTad, prezentacias, 

proeqts, tests, sakontrolo weras da a.S. ganmsazRvreli 

Sefasebis ZiriTadi daniSnuleba swavlisa da swavlebis Sedegebis 

Semowmeba-Sefasebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, qulis dawera 

ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis savaldebulo moTxovnaa. qulis saxiT 

micemuli ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba moswavlis miRwevebis donis 

ganmsazRvrelia da mas ar axlavs komentarebi an rekomendaciebi 

Sedegebis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb. 

mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebeli sistematurad iyenebdes 

orives: ganmsazRvrel da ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas. amave dros, 

sasurvelia, ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis wili ufro meti iyos, 

vidre ganmsazRvrelis. 

rogorc iTqva, ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba Sedegze, anu niSanzea 

orientirebuli, xolo ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba - moswavlis 

ganviTarebasa da Sedegebis gaumjobesebaze. am orive miznis 

misaRwevad maswavlebeli sistematurad iyenebs Sefasebis sam saxes: 

diagnostikurs, mimdinares, anu formatuls da Semajamebels. 

diagnostikuri SefasebiT miRebuli informacia gamoiyeneba 

calkeuli moswavlis an moswavleTa jgufis saswavlo saWiroebebis 

dasadgenad da igi gvexmareba saswavlo miznebis sworad 

gansazRvraSi, am miznebis miRwevis optimaluri gzebis monaxvaSi. 

diagnostikuri Sefaseba, rogorc wesi, tardeba saswavlo wlis 

dasawyisSi an axali Temis swavlebamde. misi mizania moswavlis 

momzadebis sawyisi donis dadgena. diagnostikuri Sefasebis 

11


saSualebiT Cven vigebT, ra viTarebaa klasSi, arian Tu ara 

moswavleebi mzad axali saprogramo masalis aTvisebisaTvis, ra 

sirTuleebi SeiZleba Segveqmnas da rogor davZlioT isini. 

moswavlis momzadebis sawyisi donis dadgena saSualebas gvaZlevs, 

Tvali gavadevnoT mis individualur progress garkveul periodSi. 

aseT SemTxvevaSi moswavlis Sedegebs vadarebT ara dadgenil 

standarts, aramed sawyis dones. 

mimdinare, anu formatuli Sefaseba xdeba yovel gakveTilze, 

yoveldRe, yoveli aqtivobis dros. ar aris savaldebulo qulebiT 

Sefaseba. CvenTvis mniSvnelovania is, rom aseTi Sefaseba gvaZlevs 

moswavlis mravalmxrivi Seswavlis saSualebas, kerZod, ra saxis 

saqmianoba izidavs da ra _ ara, rogoria misi swavlis stili 

(swavlobs mosmeniT, kiTxviT, weriT, keTebiT., aqvs mTlianobiTi aRqma 

Tu sagnebsa da movlenebs danawevrebulad aRiqvams, Teoretikosi Tu 

pragmatistia da a.S.), ra uZneldeba, ra uadvildeba, SeuZlia Tu ara 

koncentracia, aqvs Tu ara winsvla, Tu ara _ ra aris 

warumateblobis mizezi an ra ganapirobebs mis warmatebas, aqvs Tu 

ara ganviTarebuli SemoqmedebiTi, saazrovno da socialuri unarebi, 

rogoria misi interesebis sfero, individualuri Taviseburebebi, ra 

Zlieri da susti mxareebi aqvs. mimdinare Sefasebis procesSi 

mniSvnelovania ara imdenad qulebis dawera (niSniT Sefaseba), 

ramdenadac Cveni rCevebi, ra da rogor gaaumjobesos. formatuli 

Sefaseba moswavlis Sesaxeb amomwurav, mravalmxriv informacias 

iZleva da obieqturobis garantia. 

amasTan, mimdinare anu formatuli Sefaseba maswavlebels aZlevs 

sakuTari yoveldRiuri saqmianobis refleqsiis SesaZleblobas. imaze 

dayrdnobiT, ramdenad miaRwia sagakveTilo mizans, ra codna da unar- 

Cvevebi gamoavlines moswavleebma, ra daZlies da ra _ vera, 

maswavlebels SeuZlia Seafasos dagegmili aqtivobebis efeqtianoba, 

SerCeuli masalis sirTule, klasis marTvis, organizebis unari da 

sxv. 

12


Semajamebeli Sefaseba adgens moswavlis warmatebas swavlebisa da 

swavlis konkretul etapze: Temis dasrulebisas, semestris bolos, 

saswavlo wlis bolos. aseTi Sefasebisas mowmdeba is, Tu ramdenad 

miaRwia calkeulma moswavlem da moswavleTa jgufma standartiT 

gaTvaliswinebul Sedegs / Sedegebs. swored Semajamebeli Sefasebis 

Sedegebis analizze dayrdnobiT vakeTebT daskvnas, ramdenad 

Sesrulda erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi. 

testebi, sakontrolo wera, konferencia, Semajamebeli diskusia, 

CaTvlebi, proeqti da sxv. Semajamebeli Sefasebis is xerxebia, 

romlebic xels uwyoben daskvnebis gakeTebas. 

mimdinare, anu formatuli da Semajamebeli Sefaseba avsebs 

erTmaneTs da gvaZlevs moswavlis an moswavleTa jgufis miRwevebis 

dadgenis obieqtur suraTs. 

13

5. Sefasebis procesi 


Semajamebel Sefasebas win unda uZRodes saswavlo procesis 

monitoringi. monitoringi aris saswavlo procesze meTvalyureoba, 

dakvirveba, romlis Sedegadac miRebuli monacemebi (procesis zusti 

aRricxva) safuZvlad edeba analizsa da Sefasebas. mniSvnelovania, 

rom monitoringis mimdinareobisas Tavi avaridoT SefasebiT 

damokidebulebebs. mTavaria, zustad vicodeT, ras vakvirdebiT da 

rogor, ra formiT aRvnusxoT monitoringis sagnis TiToeuli aspeqti 

ise, rom masze dafuZnebuli Sefaseba obieqturi iyos. 

informaciis Segroveba. maswavlebeli mudmivad unda agrovebdes 

informacias moswavlis progresis, warmatebebis Sesaxeb. am 

monacemebis safuZvelze iqmneba e.w. monacemTa baza, romelic mas 

aZlevs saSualebas droulad miawodos saWiro rCevebi moswavles da 

saswavlo procesSive moaxdinos xarvezebis koreqtireba. sasurvelia 

Segrovebuli informaciis organizeba, misi klasificireba da 

kategorizacia. 

analizi. es SesaZlebelia ara marto informaciis SegrovebiT, 

aramed Sefasebis sxvadasxva xerxebiT mopovebuli monacemebis 

analiziT. maswavleblebi analizisTvis ZiriTadad moswavleTa mier 

saSinao davalebebis, sakontrolo werebis, saklaso savarjiSoebis 

Sesrulebis monacemebs eyrdnobian, magram arsebobs kidev sxva 

xerxebic, romelTa gamoyenebac aranakleb mniSvnelovan masalas 

iZleva analizisaTvis. 

dakvirveba. monacemTa bazis Sesaqmnelad da SemdgomSi moswavlis 

SefasebisaTvis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli da mniSvnelovani xerxia 

14


dakvirveba. es aris mudmivi procesi, romelic gulisxmobs 

moswavleze dakvirvebas sxvadasxva saswavlo Tu arasaswavlo 

(dasvenebebze, sportul moednebze / darbazSi da sxv.), situaciaSi 

imis mixedviT, Tu ra informaciis miReba surs maswavlebels. 

dakvirvebamde unda ganisazRvros, romel moswavles / moswavleebs 

vakvirdebiT da ras, romel unar-Cvevas vakvirdebiT (saswavlo unar- 

Cvevebs, saazrovno unarebs ZiriTadad gakveTilebze vakvirdebiT, 

xolo socialur unar-Cvevebs _ gakveTilze wyvilebsa Tu jgufebSi 

muSaobisas da arasaswavlo situaciebSi). 

dakvirveba rom saimedo iyos, saWiroa Canawerebis an CaniSvnebis 

gakeTeba. dakvirvebis Canawerebi mokle da informaciuli unda iyos. 

Canaweri SeiZleba iyos konkretulic, rogoricaa, magaliTad, sandrom 

dRes kargi prezentacia gaakeTa. da zogadic, rogoricaa, magaliTad, 

sandro karg prezentaciebs akeTebs. Canawerebis sxva magaliTebia: 

salome jgufSi kargad muSaobs, komunikabeluria da mosmenac 

SeuZlia. ninos gauWirdaUyuradRebis koncentracia; daTom dRes 

Zalian nela imuSava. 

aseTi saxis Canawerebi gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa did jgufebTan 

muSaobisas, rodesac maswavlebels dro ar rCeba yovelTvis Tanabari 

yuradReba miaqcios TiToeul moswavles. Canawerebi mas exmareba imis 

dadgenaSi, Tu romel moswavles konkretulad ra daxmareba sWirdeba. 

komentari (gamoxmaureba) mimdinare Sefasebis kidev erTi meTodia. 

komentari is informaciaa, romelsac maswavlebeli awvdis moswavles 

imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor afasebs igi moswavlis konkretul pasuxs an 

mis mier Sesrulebul konkretul davalebas. 

komentarebi moswavles damatebiTi fiqrisa da samuSaos 

Sesrulebisken ubiZgebs, rac moswavlis mier Secdomis gacnobierebas, 

damoukidebeli samuSaos Catarebas, kvlevisa da Ziebis unar-Cvevis 

ganviTarebas da weriTi metyvelebis donis gaumjobesebas gamoiwvevs. 

arsebobs àrafrismomcemi komentarebic~. isini ufro zogadi 

15


xasiaTisaa da Secdoma mxolod dasaxelebulia. aseTi komentarebis 

mixedviT moswavle ver SeZlebs Secdomis gamosworebas, mis 

gacnobiereba-damaxsovrebas da amave Secdomas, savaraudod, momaval 

nawerebSic gaimeorebs. aseve, imgvar komentarebs, romelTa wakiTxvis 

Semdegac moswavle avtomaturad Caasworebs xarvezs da romlebic 

mas damatebiTi fiqris, muSaobisa da Ziebisken ar ubiZgebs. 

gTavazobT damxmare komentaris ramdenime nimuSs: 

1. Cem mier moniSnul winadadebaSi ZiriTadi azri gasagebia, magram 

igi Zalian grZelia da, Sesabamisad, saTqmeli bundovani xdeba. 

amitom umjobesia, dayoT es winadadeba or-sam SedarebiT mokle 

winadadebad. TiToeuls dausviT Sesabamisi sasveni niSani da 

kargad gadaamowmeT (xmamaRla waikiTxeT), raTa mkafio gaxdes 

saTqmeli; kargi iqneba, Tuki winadadebas gamarTvis Semdeg sxvasac 

moasmeninebT. 

2. –isgan da -idan formaTa aRreva, sazogadod, xSirad xdeba da 

amitom saWiroa davimaxsovroT Semdegi wesi: -gan gamoiyeneba 

masalis an mizezis aRsaniSnavad. moniSnul winadadebaSi ki 

xazgasmul sityvas daesmis kiTxva saidan? Dda aRniSnavs adgils. 

maSasadame, unda gamoviyenoT –idan forma da ara –isgan. 

3. zusti sityvis misadageba konteqstisTvis arcTu ise iolia; me 

moginiSne is adgilebi, sadac es problema davinaxe. ganmartebiT 

leqsikonSi moiZie Sen mier gamoyenebuli sityvis mniSvneloba, 

Semdeg sinonimTa leqsikonSi moZebne alternativebi da airCie, 

romeli ufro miesadageba mocemul konteqsts. 

arafrismomcemi komentarebis nimuSebi: 

1. azri gaugebaria. gramatikulad gamarTe winadadeba. 

2. yuradReba miaqcieT punqtuacias, gansakuTrebiT mZimeebs! 

3. Secdomaa, Cans teqsti ar ici kargad! 

konsultaciebi. moswavleebze srulyofili informaciis Sesagro- 

veblad (es ki maqsimalurad amcirebs Sefasebis araobieqturobas) sa- 

16


survelia mudmivi konsultaciebi mSoblebTan, kolegebTan, moswav- 

leebTan. konsultaciebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sxva xerxebiT Segrove- 

buli informaciis gadasamowmeblad. konsultaciebis Sedegad maswav- 

leblis rekomendaciebi gacilebiT ufro sasargeblo xdeba. 

Sedareba. moswavlis ganviTarebis donis, misi progresis Sesafa- 

seblad rekomendebulia Sefasebis yovel etapze misi Sedegebi Seva- 

daroT winandeli Sefasebis Sedegebs. iqidan gamomdinare, ris Sedare- 

ba gvinda, varCevT monacemTa bankidan Cveni miznis Sesabamis monace- 

mebs. 

17

6. Sefasebis formebi 


Sefasebis procesi Sefasebis sxvadasxva formas emyareba. es SeiZ- 

leba iyos zepiri gamokiTxva, weriTi samuSao, testireba, diskusiebi, 

proeqti, CaTvla an gamocda, saqaRalde, anu e.w. “portfolio”, TviT- 

Sefaseba da urTierTSefaseba da sxva. 

zepiri gamokiTxva aris moswavlis individualuri Sefasebis 

forma, romelic amowmebs codnas da Txrobis, prezentaciisa da kiTx- 

vebze adekvaturi pasuxebis gacemis unars. 

weriTi samuSao aris moswavlis individualuri Sefasebis for- 

ma, romelic amowmebs codnas, azrovnebiT da weriT unar-Cvevebs sa- 

kontroloebis, damoukidebeli saklaso samuSaoebis, weriTi saSinao 

davalebebis safuZvelze. weriT samuSaos miekuTvneba testebic, Tumca 

aq suraTi araerTgvarovani SeiZleba gvqondes. aris testebi, romle- 

bic erT swor pasuxs iTxoven (Tundac ramdenime savaraudodan erTis 

Semoxazvas). maSin aseTi testebi ZiriTadad informaciuli codnis 

Sefasebis saSualebas iZleva. 

Zalian xSirad weriT namuSevrebSi maswavleblebi aRniSnaven Sec- 

domebs da ise weren niSans, rom moswavlisaTvis Zneli gasagebia, ra- 

tom miiRo es niSani an ra Secdoma aqvs. sasurvelia, nawers gavuke- 

ToT komentarebi, romlebiTac mivuTiTebT moswavles, ra saxis Sec- 

domaa daSvebuli, ras miaqcios yuradReba an ra unda gaiTvaliswinos 

momavalSi naweris gasaumjobeseblad. 

diskusiebis dros maswavlebeli uzrunvelyofs moswavleTa Cab- 

mas iseTi sakiTxis ganxilvaSi, romelzec alternatiuli Tvalsazri- 

sebi SeiZleba iyos. es qmnis moswavleTa codnisa da rogorc azrov- 

nebiTi, ise komunikaciuri unarebis Sefasebis saSualebas. 

proeqti es aris romelime problemis individualuri an jgu- 

furi (SeiZleba wyvilebSi) gadaWra, romliTac fasdeba moswavleebis 

18


ara marto codna, aramed saazrovno, komunikaciuri da socialuri 

unarebi, SemoqmedebiToba da cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba. 

proeqtis dagegmvis dros unda ganisazRvros problema (gaTvaliswi- 

nebuli iyos problemis aqtualuroba), ganisazRvros mkafio da miRwe- 

vadi mizani, romelic am problemis gadaWraze iqneba orientirebuli, 

konkretuli amocanebi _ am miznis ganxorcielebis gzebi TiToeuli 

amocanis Sesatyvisi konkretuli saqmianobebi, gawerili droSi (samu- 

Sao gegma) proeqtis ganxorcielebaze pasuxismgebeli pirebis miTiTe- 

biT, mosalodneli Sedegebi da resursebi, romlebic saWiroa proeq- 

tis gansaxorcieleblad. proeqti SeiZleba Sesruldes erTi sagnis 

farglebSi da integrirebulad (ramdenime sagnis farglebSi). proeqti 

SeiZleba iyos kvleviTi, gamoyenebiTi da SemoqmedebiTi. 

saqaRalde, anu e.w. “portfolio” Sefasebis ufro xangrZlivi 

da Sromatevadi formaa. maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs Sefasebis 

mizans. maswavlebeli da moswavle winaswar Tanxmdebian im masalebze, 

romlebic daadastureben, rom moswavlem daakmayofila moTxovnebi da 

miaRwia saswavlo Sedegs. moswavle xsnis sakuTar saqaRaldes, ro- 

melSic ideba samuSaos Sefasebisas gamosayenebeli namuSevrebi. 

Sefasebis periodis dasrulebisaTvis moswavle wers eses, romel- 

Sic aRwers, Tu ra iswavla Sefasebis procesSi da ratom SearCia sa- 

qaRaldisaTvis maincdamainc warmodgenili masala. 

saqaRaldiT moswavlis Sefaseba saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvali gava- 

devnoT moswavlis individualuri progress, SevadaroT sxvadasxva 

dros Seqmnili namuSevrebi erTmaneTs, vnaxoT, rogor gaiTvaliswina 

man Cveni komentarebi da rCevebi, romlebsac drodadro vaZlevdiT. 

TviTSefaseba da urTierTSefaseba. imisaTvis, rom moswavle Se- 

eCvios sakuTari pasuxis Semowmebas, Camouyalibdes Secdomis mimarT 

swori damokidebuleba, daZlios SiSi Secdomis winaSe, xSirad unda 

mivceT sakuTari namuSevris Sefasebis saSualeba. TviTSefaseba mas 

exmareba imis gacnobierebaSi, rom Secdomebis aRiareba da gamoswore- 

ba winsvlis aucilebeli pirobaa. TviTSefasebiT igi grZnobs met 

valdebulebas da cdilobs iyos maqsimalurad obieqturi. 

19


TviTSefasebis ramdenime xerxi arsebobs. yvelaze gavrcelebu- 

lia swor pasuxebTan moswavleebis pasuxebis Sedareba. moswavleebi am 

Sedarebis gziT Tavad aRmoaCenen sakuTar Secdomebs da Semdeg aana- 

lizeben, ratom dauSves es Secdomebi, ris codna daakldaT, ra ver 

gaiTvaliswines, iqneb koncentracia ver moaxerxes sakiTxTan dakavSi- 

rebiT an marTebuli gza ar airCies da sxva. 

TviTSefasebis procesSi mniSvnelovani swored sakuTari saqmia- 

nobis refleqsiis procesia. es aRmoaCeninebs moswavles sakuTar sust 

mxareebs, romelTa dasaZlevadac unda mimarTos sakuTari Zalisxmeva. 

Sedegiania TviTSefasebis iseTi xerxi, roca moswavle winaswar Semu- 

Savebuli Sefasebis sqemis mixedviT afasebs sakuTar naSroms, Semdeg 

ucvlis mewyviles da erTmaneTis namuSevrebs afaseben, bolos ki mas- 

wavlebeli afasebs. am SemTxvevaSic mniSvnelovania analizis procesi. 

ra daemTxva Sefasebis am sam SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTs, ra _ ara da ra- 

tom? ris codna ar eyo moswavles Tavad an mis Tanaklasels obieq- 

turi SefasebisaTvis. 

urTierTSefasebac mxolod maSin aris SesaZlebeli da nayofieri, 

Tu moswavleebs aqvT winaswar SemuSavebuli Sefasebis mkafio da na- 

Teli kriteriumebi, romelTa safuZvelzec afaseben erTmaneTis namu- 

Sevars. 

TviTSefasebiTa da urTierTSefasebiT maswavlebeli afasebs mos- 

wavlis TviTSefasebis unars da mis analitikur SesaZleblobebs. 

rubrikebi. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, moswavleTa Cabma Sefase- 

bis procesSi gaadvildeba, Tu isini kargad gaacnobiereben, ras 

iTxoven, ra Sedegebs elian maTgan. amis gacnobierebaSi maT daexma- 

reba martivad, maTTvis gasagebi eniT Camoyalibebuli kriteriumebi, 

anu e.w. rubrikebi. rubrikebi aris konkretuli informacia Cveni 

moTxovnebisa da Sefasebis kriteriumebis Sesaxeb. 

20


7. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebi Sefasebis mimarT 

rogorc erovnul saswavlo gegmaSia miTiTebuli, skola Tavad ad- 

gens Sefasebis principebs, romliTac Semdeg skolis yvela maswavle- 

beli xelmZRvanelobs. swored skolas SeuZlia daadginos pedagogiu- 

ri sabWos sxdomaze is minimaluri barieri, romelic moswavlem unda 

daZlios klasidan klasSi gadasayvanad. 

imisaTvis, rom skolam Seqmnas Sefasebis moqnili da efeqtiani sis- 

tema, Sefaseba unda iyos xSiri da mravalmxrivi. 

niSani (qula) gamoxatavs moswavlis akademiur moswrebas saganSi, 

amitom, erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, ar aris mizanSewonili 

da gamarTlebuli disciplinaruli sasjelis motiviT moswavlis da- 

bali niSniT Sefaseba. Tu moswavle gakveTilebze arRvevs discipli- 

nas, es aucileblad aisaxeba mis akademiur moswrebaze, magram niSniT 

fasdeba swored es ukanaskneli da ara misi qceva. 

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, Sefasebis sis- 

tema aTquliania da qulebisa da swavlis doneebis Sefardeba aseTia: 

niSnebi doneebi 

10 

9 

8 

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

maRali 

saSualoze maRali 

saSualo 

saSualoze dabali 

dabali 

21

Tavi 2 


enobrivi unarebis Sefaseba 

Sesavali 

ènaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi~ (enebis swavlis, 

swavlebisa da Sefasebis erTiani evropuli sarekomendacio CarCo) 

Seiqmna 2001 wels evrosabWos enis departamentis iniciativiT. igi 

emsaxureba evropaSi enobrivi politikis gatarebas da politikuri 

qmedebebis ganxorcielebas. 

ènaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi~ gvTavazobs 

safuZvlebs enobrivi silabusebis, kurikulumebis, sagamocdo 

masalebis, saxelmZRvaneloebisa da sxva damxmare saSualebebis 

SemuSavebisaTvis evropul sivrceSi. kompetenciebi gasageb da misaReb 

formebSi gansazRvravs, Tu ras unda daeuflos Semswavleli, raTa 

moaxerxos urTierTobis damyareba Sesaswavli ucxo enis 

matarebelTan da ra codnas an ra unarebs unda flobdes igi 

imisTvis, rom warmatebiT daamyaros komunikacia. `kompetenciebi~ 

gansazRvravs enis funqcionirebis kulturul konteqsts, aseve enis 

flobis doneebs, rac xels uwyobs enis Semswavlelis miRwevebis 

fiqsirebas mTeli cxovrebis manZilze. 

`kompetenciebis~ mizania, gadalaxos evropis saganmanaTleblo 

sistemebSi arsebuli gansxvavebebiT gamowveuli winaaRmdegobebi, 

romlebic warmoiqmneba Tanamedrove enebis sferoSi. is saSualebas 

aZlevs ganaTlebis specialistebs, enis kursebis Semqmnelebs, 

maswavleblebs, maswavlebelTa trenerebs, sagamocdo komisiebs da 

sxvebs _ gaiazron TavianTi muSaoba, moaxdinon TavianTi Zalebis 

22


koordinireba, romlebic mimarTulia SemswavlelTa realuri 

moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad. 

enis flobis obieqturi kriteriumebis SemuSaveba uzrunvelyofs 

im sakvalifikacio maxasiaTeblebis aRiarebas, romlebic miRebulia 

sxvadasxva saswavlo konteqstSi. es ki, Tavis mxriv, xels Seuwyobs 

evropaSi Tavisufal gadaadgilebas. 

winamdebare naSromis pirvel TavSi moxda Sefasebis 3 tipis 

gamoyofa imisda mixedviT, Tu ra aris Sefasebis mizani _ imis 

mixedviT, ras adareben Sesafasebel sagans / obieqts, ganasxvaveben 

Sefasebis sam tips: normaze orientirebuls, kriteriumze 

orientirebuls da pirovnebaze orientirebuls. enis flobis doneTa 

Sefasebis dros, rodesac miznad dasaxuli gvaqvs Semswavlelis 

donis mimarTeba enis flobis standartTan (igulisxmeba ènaTa 

flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebis~ mier miRebuli 6-doniani 

standarti), bunebrivia, saubaria kriteriumze orientirebul 

Sefasebaze. 

ènaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebis~ mier 

gansazRvruli doneTa skalebi, Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens Sefasebis 

skalis Sedgenis wyaros. Sefasebis skalaze aisaxeba gansazRvruli 

saswavlo miznis miRwevis done, xolo indikatorebs SeuZlia 

daxmarebis gaweva kriteriumebis formulirebaSi. mizani SeiZleba 

iyos enis daufleba `kompetenciebSi~ warmodgenili romelime doneze 

(magaliTad, B1). mizans aseve SeiZleba warmoadgendes aqtivobis 

gansazRvruli saxeebi, unarebi da kompetenciebi. 

indikatorebis gamoyenebaze msjelobisas aucilebelia 

ganvasxvaoT: 

1. komunikaciur qmedebaTa indikatorebi; 

2. enis flobis aspeqtebis indikatorebi, romlebic gansazRvrul 

kompetenciebs miekuTvneba. 

pirvelni SeiZleba warmatebiT gamoviyenoT maswavleblis mier 

Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebisaTvis realur davalebaTa Sesrulebisas. 

23


maswavleblis mier Sefaseba da TviTSefaseba ki xdeba Sesaswavl 

enaSi moswavlis SesaZleblobebis detaluri suraTis safuZvelze, 

romelic swavlebis kursis mTeli xangrZlivobis manZilze yalibdeba. 

Sefasebis es saxeebi misaRebia rogorc maswavleblis, aseve 

moswavlisaTvis, vinaidan xels uwyobs qmediTi midgomis gamoyenebas. 

enis flobis donis gansazRvrisas ar SeiZleba Sefaseba 

movaxdinoT mxolod erTi konkretuli testis safuZvelze. rogorc 

cnobilia, sametyvelo unarebi recefciisa da producirebis 

mimarTulebiT, 4 ZiriTad unarze daiyvaneba: mosmena & kiTxva 

(recefciuli unarebi) da laparaki & wera (producirebis unarebi). 

ènaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebis~ mier gansazRvruli 

doneTa skalebSi oTxive samertyvelo funqciis (laparaki, mosmena, 

kiTxva, wera) mixedviT aris gawerili deskriptorebi (indikatorebi, 

romelTa Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSic miiCneva, rom standartiT 

gansazRvruli Sedegi miiRweva); bunebrivia, TiToeuli am 

mimarTulebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia specifikuri niSnebi, romelTa 

gaTvaliswinebac Sefasebisas aucilebelia. qvemoT Cven warmovadgenT 

enis flobis doneTa Sefasebis miznebsa da instrumentebs TiToeuli 

sametyvelo funqciis mixedviT; visaubrebT agreTve im gamocdilebaze 

(rogorc lokaluri, aseve saerTaSoriso), rac arsebobs Sefasebisa 

da kvlevebis mimarTulebiT (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs PIRLS-is, PISA-s, 

EGRA-sa da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros da erovnuli 

saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier warmoebuli kvlevebi 

2006-2011 wlebSi (esgSc..., 2007; erovnuli..., 2008). 

24


1. zepirmetyvelebis (mosmenisa da laparakis) 

unar-Cvevebis Sefaseba 

a. mosmenis unaris Sefaseba 

zepiri metyvelebis aRqma-gagebisa da masTan dakavSirebuli 

fonetikur-fonologiuri kompetenciis gareSe meore enis 

Semswavlelebi ucxoenovan garemoSi elementarul doneze 

komunikaciasac ki ver gaarTmeven Tavs. empiriuli gamokvlevebiT 

dasturdeba, rom `mosmenas~ enis yoveldRiuri gamoyenebis dros 

wamyvani funqcia akisria _ 42%. mas mosdevs `laparaki~ _ 32%, `kiTxva~ 

_ 15% da `wera~ _ 11% (ix. noineri, hunfeldi, 1993, gv. 37). is faqti, 

rom mosmena, rogorc recefciuli unari, warmoadgens safuZvels 

producirebisaTvis, laparakisTvis, gansakuTrebiT gasaTvaliswi- 

nebelia meore enis gakveTilze. meore enis gakveTilze, erTi mxriv, 

unda vizrunoT audio- da kompiuteruli teqnikisa da uaxlesi 

meTodologiis gamoyenebiT mosmenis unar-Cvevebis CamoyalibebisaTvis, 

meore mxriv ki, mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT zepiri metyvelebis 

gagebasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi. am sirTuleebis analizis 

bazaze SesaZlebeli gaxdeba rogorc enis SemswavlelTa miznebis 

gaTvaliswineba, saswavlo masalis swori SerCeva da gamoyeneba 

swavlebisa da swavlis procesSi, aseve, Sefasebis testebis 

koreqtuli Sedgena da obieqturi Sefaseba enaTa flobis 

zogadevropuli kompetenciebis standartis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

marTalia, xSir SemTxvevaSi rTulia mosmenis kompetenciis 

misadageba enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebis 

doneebisadmi, magram am problemis gadaWrisaTvis aucilebelia gzebis 

gamonaxva. amdenad, mosmenis kompetenciis swavlis, swavlebisa da 

25


gansakuTrebiT _ Sefasebis procesSi gasaTvaliswinebelia garkveuli 

sirTuleebi. 

upirvelesi problema am mxriv isaa, rom SeuZlebelia zepiri 

metyvelebis aRqma-gagebis procesze uSualo dakvirveba. es faqti 

mosmenas Zireulad ganasxvavebs producirebis (metyvelebisa da weris) 

unar-Cvevebisagan, romlebze dakvirvebac SesaZlebelia. mosmenis unar- 

Cvevis testirebis dros Cveni dakvirveba gamosacdel pirze 

amoiwureba misi reaqciis gakontrolebiT, mag. Semoxazavs Tu ara igi 

mosmenili teqstis Tanmxleb davalebaSi ramdenime mocemuli 

alternatividan swor variants... rasakvirvelia, es arTulebs 

obieqtur da zust Sefasebas. 

enis Semswavlelma mosmenili teqsti SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad 

gaigos. mosmenili teqstis gageba aqtiuri, subieqturi procesia, 

romelic damokidebulia pirovnul faqtorebze, rogoricaa: meore 

enis matarebeli xalxis kulturis zogadi codna, meore enis 

Seswavlis motivacia, teqstis tipebisa da agebulebis (struqturebis) 

codna, gagebis kompetencia mSobliur enaSi (Sesabamisad - transferis 

problema), zogadi enobrivi da strategiuli kompetenciebi meore 

enaSi, damaxsovrebis unari da sxv. moviyvanT erT magaliTs: Tu 

mosasmen teqstSi aRwerilia misalmeba-gacnoba-damSvidobebis scenebi, 

bunebrivia, am scenas ukeT aRiqvams da gaigebs is Semswavleli, 

romelic SedarebiT kargad icnobs qarTul tradiciebs 

(mogesalmebiT - gamarjoba; rogor brZandebiT / rogor gikiTxoT – 

rogor xar; neba miboZeT warmogidginoT – gaicaniT; kargad 

brZandebodeT – kargad iyavi da sxva). 

sxva magaliTi: aqsiomaa, rom gacilebiT ukeT aRiqvams da igebs 

meore enaze teqsts is Semswavleli, romelic mSobliur enaze maRali 

akademiuri moswrebiT gamoirCeva (wignierebis TvalsazrisiT) da 

ganviTarebuli aqvs mSobliur enaze mosmenisa da kiTxvis 

(recefciuli) unarebi... aseT SemTxvevebSi xdeba transferis efeqturi 

26


gamoyeneba da Semswavleli gacilebiT ukeTes Sedegs gvaCvenebs 

testirebisas (mujiri, 2011, gv. 89). 

kiTxvis procesisagan gansxvavebiT, mosmena drois SezRudul 

monakveTSi xorcieldeba. mosmenis process arTulebs Zalian 

Senelebuli, an piriqiT _ Cqari, auTenturi metyvelebis tempi da 

zogjer (Tu es ganisazRvreba Sefasebis miznebidan gamomdinare) _ 

mosasmeni teqstis Tanmxlebi fonuri xmauri. Tu am sirTuleebis gamo 

msmenelma teqstis erTi nawili kargad ver gaigo, mas uWirs teqstis 

Semdgomi nawilis adekvaturi gageba. es specifika ganapirobebs 

mosmenili teqstis damaxsovrebis SezRudul SesaZleblobebs. 

Sesabamisad, Sefasebisas, mosasmeni teqsti ar SeiZleba iyos vrceli: 

teqstis moculobas sxvadasxva faqtori gansazRvravs da pirdapiri 

`receptis~ gacema metad Wirs: gasaTvaliswinebelia, magaliTad, ra 

tipis teqsts vasmeninebT – sainformacios, aRweriTs, mxatvruls... 

mosmenis unaris Sefasebis procesSi teqstis mosmenas 

aucileblad Tan erTvis Tanmxlebi davalebebi, romelTa 

damaxsovreba saWiroa teqstis gaazrebisTvis (mosmenaSi, cxadia, ar 

igulisxmeba mxolod cgeriTi nakadis aRqma – ivaraudeba, rom 

fasdeba mosmenilis Sinaarsi rogor / ramdenad gaigo msmenelma); 

cxadia, rom aman gamosacdeli piris mexsiereba SeiZleba 

gadatvirTos. Sesabamisad, Sefasebisas mosasmeni teqstis testuri 

davalebebi teqstis mosmenis Semdeg ar unda mivceT: am SemTxvevaSi 

faqtobrivad ukve vamowmebT ara mosmenis unar-Cvevas, aramed 

gamosacdeli piris damaxsovrebis unars... davalebebi aucileblad 

teqstis mosmenamde unda miewodos msmenels. 

enis Seswavla mxolod xelovnuri, Sedgenili teqstebiT nakleb 

efeqturia; aucilebelia auTenturi teqstebis gamoyeneba swavlebis 

procesSi. yofiTi metyveleba ki xasiaTdeba gameorebebiT, 

nawilakebiT, dialeqturi gamonaTqvamebiT, vulgarizmebiT, reduqciiT 

(magaliTad, `ra pontia~, `nu, kai, ra...~, `wamo~ (`wamodi~), `maq~ (`maqvs~) 

da a.S.)... Sefaseba-testirebis mizniT auTenturi audioteqstebis 

27


SerCevis dros es faqti gasaTvaliswinebelia, rogorc potenciuri 

sirTulis faqtori: bunebrivia, ver movTxovT Semswavlels, gaigos da 

aRiqvas is, rac ar Suswavlia; magaliTad, auTentur audioteqstSi 

`maita, ra, wigni~ - ve gaigebs, ras niSnavs, vinaidan saliteraturo 

qarTuliT es fraza sruliad sxva zmniT gamoixateba: `momeci, ra, 

wigni~... aseve gaugebari iqneba msmenelisTvis reduciorebuli forma: 

`mome (=mome-ci)~ - romelic, aseve, spontanuri metyvelebisas, 

auTentur audiotestebSi Segvxvdeba. 

zepiri teqstis gagebaze gavlenas axdens kandidatis fonetikur- 

fonologiuri kompetenciis done _ gansxvavebiT weriTi teqstisagan, 

romelic warmoadgens asoebisagan, sityvebisagan da a.S. Semdgar 

sistemas, zepiri teqsti, ase vTqvaT, bgeraTa nakadia, romelSic 

sityvaTa sazRvrebi xSirad araa kargad gamokveTili. msmeneli 

iZulebulia, daanawevros audioteqsti pauzebis daxmarebiT, bgeraTa 

nakadSi gamoarCios calkeuli sityvebi da winadadebebi, rac 

mosmenilis aRqma-gagebis process arTulebs. mosmenilis gageba miT 

ufro rTulia, rac ufro metia zepir teqstSi iseTi fonetikuri 

movlenebi, rogoricaa: asimilacia, disimilacia, da sxv. (gopi, 2000, gv. 

56-79). marTlac, dialeqtizmebis, arqaizmebisa da sxva tipis 

leqsikologiur-gramatikuli movlenebis gageba-aRqma SeuZlebelia, 

Tu Semswavlels ar Seuswavlia, magaliTad, qarTulis enisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli fonetikuri procesebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi da 

tendenciebi (misTvis gaugebari iqneba `meitana~, `geigo~, `karqaT~ da 

a.S. formaTa mniSvnelobebi, maSin, roca am qvesistemebis met-naklebad 

mcodne mSobliuri enis mflobeli iolad axerxebs maT 

identificirebas saliteraturo invariantebTan _ Tundac Tavad ar 

iyos am dialeqtis matarebeli). 

testis Sedgenisa da Sefasebis dros gasaTvaliswinebelia 

Semswavlelis, rogorc msmenelis roli. sazogadod, mosmenis proces- 

Si pirma SeiZleba Seasrulos iseTi rolebi, rogoricaa: saubris 

Tanamonawile (romelsac mosmenac SeuZlia da metyvelebac); auditori 

28


(romelsac pasuxis gacemis saSualeba saerTod ara aqvs da misgan 

pasuxs arc elian _ magaliTad, radiogadacemis msmeneli); adresati 

(romelsac metyveli piri uSualod mimarTavs, magram Tavad adresats 

naklebad aqvs pasuxis gacemis SesaZlebloba _ mag. studenti 

tradiciul leqciaze); Tanamsmeneli (romelic ar warmoadgens 

adresats, is SemTxveviTi msmenelia, romlisagan pasuxs aseve ar 

elian)... 

imisda mixedviT, Tu ra rols asrulebs gamosacdeli piri, mas 

gansxvavebuli moTxovnebi unda wavuyenoT. Semswavleli mosmenis 

mimarTulebiT testirebisas pasiuri msmenelis rolSia, anu misgan ar 

moiTxoven saubris SinaarsSi CarTvas (adresatia). 

mosmenili teqstis Tanmxlebi testuri davalebebis sirTules 

xSirad Tavad audioteqstis specifika da davalebaTa instruqciebis 

xasiaTi ganapirobebs. mosmenis unar-Cvevis Sesamowmeblad ar unda 

SevarCioT Sinaarsobrivad rTuli teqstebi. samecniero literaturaSi 

dasaxelebulia mosasmeni teqstebis sirTulis sxva maxasiaTebeli 

Tvisebebic da saWiroa, rom Sefasebisas teqstebSi: 

Sinaarsi mkafiod iyos formulirebuli; 

referentebis (moqmedi gmirebis, obieqtebis) mcire raodenoba 

unda iyos mocemuli; 

lokaluri mimarTebebi naklebad kompleqsuri unda iyos 

(magaliTad, moqmedebis geografiuli areali mraval punqts 

ar moicavdes, rac damatebiT sirTules qmnis mexsierebasTan 

dakavSirebiT – es ki mosmenis unarTan pirdapir kavSirSi ar 

aris); 

Txrobis Tanmimdevroba realur movlenaTa Tanmimdevrobas 

unda Seesabamebodes (ar aris rekomendebuli, awmyos viTareba 

iyos moTxrobili teqstSi, Semdeg ki warsuli faqtebze 

gadaerTos siuJeti...); 

29


mosasmeni teqsti ar unda iyos Zalian swrafi tempiT 

warmodgenili (Tumca, aq gasaTvaliswinebelia, enis flobis 

romel doneze vaxdenT `sworebas~...). 

30 

(Sdr. brauni, 1995, gv. 70-73). 

naTqvamidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba mTeli rigi daskvnebis 

gamotana mosmenis unar-Cvevis Sefasebis (Semowmebis) iseTi testis 

SedgenisaTvis, romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba: enis 

SemswavlelTa jgufis warmomavloba, maTi zogadi enobrivi 

kompetencia _ pirvel rigSi, leqsikur-gramatikuli da fonetikur- 

fonologiuri (bgerebisa da sityvebis aRqmisa da ucxoenovani zepiri 

teqstis segmentaciis unari, iseTi fonetikuri fenomenebis Secnobis 

unari, rogoricaa: maxvili, asimilacia, reduqcia da sxv.), zepiri, 

auTenturi yofiTi metyvelebis mniSvnelovani maxasiaTeblebisa da 

tempis aRqmis unari. msmenelebisaTvis, romlebic kargad ver floben 

meore enas, unda SevarCioT naklebad spontanuri audioteqsti, 

romlis Tanmxlebi davalebebi aucileblad teqstis mosmenamde iqneba 

micemuli (mujiri, 2011, gv. 91). 

mosasmen teqstSi yofiTi metyvelebis maxasiaTeblebi naklebi 

sixSiriT unda iyos warmodgenili. ar unda SevarCioT 

`konceptualurad rTuli~ teqstebi, mosmenis stili unda iyos 

umTavresad globaluri an seleqciuri, mcire fonuri xmauris 

TanxlebiT. msmenelis rolebidan unda SevarCioT testirebisaTvis 

ufro xelsayreli _ adresatis roli. 

mecnierTa nawils mizanSewonilad miaCnia `mosmenilis gagebis~ 

unaris Sesamowmeblad karnaxis gamoyeneba da misi integracia iseT 

davalebebTan, rogoricaa, magaliTad, swori/araswori pasuxebis 

Semoxazva, mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis davalebebi da sxva (buki, 2001, 

gv. 73). vfiqrobT, karnaxis gamoyeneba efeqturad aris SesaZlebeli 

mosmenis unaris Sefasebisas, Tumca igi ver Caanacvlebs auTentur 

teqstebs... 

mosmenis unarebis testirebis procesSi gansakuTrebiT 

mniSvnelovania, Tu ramdenjer unda moisminos gamosacdelma pirma 

teqsti... faqtia, rom realuri komunikaciis procesSi teqstebs,


Cveulebriv, erTxel vismenT, magram meore enis SemswavlelisaTvis 

(gansakuTrebiT _ enis Seswavlis sawyis safexurze) ar aris sakmarisi 

teqstis erTxel mosmena, radgan audiofiris gageba ufro rTulia, 

vidre realur situaciaSi metyvelebis gageba. amitom, mkvlevarTa 

umetesoba miiCnevs, rom gamosacdelma pirma teqsti orjer unda 

moisminos: pirvelad globalurad, meored ki teqstis Tanmxlebi 

davalebebis wakiTxvis Semdeg _ seleqciurad an detalurad 

(boltoni, 1996, gv. 47; ix. mujiri, 2011, gv 93). rogorc wesi, 

saqarTveloSi Catarebuli mosmenis unaris testirebis procesSi, 2- 

jer wakiTxva aucilebel pirobad miiCneva. 

mosmenis unarebis testirebisTvis metad mniSvnelovania ucxoeli 

kolegebis gamocdilebis gaziareba, romelTac am mimarTulebiT 

aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi aqvT namuSevari. zogadevropul 

standartebTan mimarTebiT, gamoyofilia teqstis tipebis ierarqia 

mzardi sirTulis mixedviT: 

1. yoveldRiuri swavlis sferosTan dakavSirebuli teqstebi 

(rogorc wesi, am tipis mosasmeni teqstebi eZlevaT A1 / A2 

donis Semswavlelebs); 

2. interdisciplinaruli samecniero Tematikis teqstebi, 

romelTa struqtura orientirebulia standartul enaze (am 

tipis mosasmeni teqstebi eZlevaT B1 donis Semswavlelebs); 

3. interdisciplinaruli samecniero Tematikis teqstebi, 

romlebic enobrivad da Sinaarsobrivad kompleqsuradaa 

struqturirebuli (am tipis mosasmeni teqstebi eZlevaT B2 

da ufro maRali donis pretendent Semswavlelebs). 

miuxedavad zemoCamoTvlili rekomendaciebis ganxilvisa, kiTxva, 

Tu ramdenad srulyofilia mosmenilis gagebis Sefaseba _ jer kidev 

elis amomwurav pasuxs praqtikidan Tu momavali gamokvlevebidan. 

Tumca, ukve arsebuli informacia warmatebiT SeiZleba iqnes 

gamoyenebuli mosmenilis gagebis unar-Cvevis Sefasebisas. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom mosmenis unaris Sefasebaze orientirebuli 

testebi SesaZlebelia, maswavlebelma Seadginos rogorc mimdinare, 

31


aseve Semajamebeli Sefasebisas; dasaSvebia, mimdinare Sefasebisas 

daveyrdnoT metwilad karnaxis meTods (gansakuTrebiT – swavlebis 

sawyis etapze), Tumca, swavlebis procesSi auTenturi zepiri 

teqstebis gamoyeneba aucilebelia, raTa Semswavlelma sxvadasxva 

registrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani Seiswavlos da 

gaiTavisos. 

rac Seexeba Semajamebel Sefasebas – rekomendebulia 

audioteqstis mosmena Semswavlelis savaraudo enis flobis donis 

gaTvaliswinebiT: magaliTad, Tuki swavlebis sawyis etapze 

Sesafaseblad interdisciplinaruli samecniero Tematikis teqstebs 

movasmeninebT Semswavlels, bunebrivia, igi verafers (an TiTqmis 

verafers) gaigebs da testirebis validuroba-sandoobis problema 

dadgeba... 

sanimuSod, gTavazobT mosmenis unaris Sesamowmeblad 

Catarebuli testis teqstsa da mosmenilis aRqma-gagebaze 

orientirebul davalebebs (testireba CautardaT Tbilisis 

saxelmwifo universitetis araqarTulenovan studentebs, romlebic 

saSeRavaTo politikis farglebSi, 60-kreditian 1-wlian kurss gadian 

qarTuli enis Seswavlis mizniT): 

teqsti: 

gamarjoba, amiran, rogor xar? dedaCveni rogor aris? kidev 

awuxebs wneva? 

amiran, TbilisSi mSvenieri dro gavatare. koncertze viyavi. im 

Rames TbilisSi davrCi, meore dRes ki ninosTan sofelSi wavedi; 2 

dRe davrCiT iq. ninos deda maswavlebelia, baTumSi iyo treningze wa- 

suli, amitom me da ninos mogviwia diasaxlisoba. guSinwin ninom gaa- 

keTa sadili, guSin ki me xaWapuri gamovacxve, Tumca nino mTxovda, 

Sen stumari xar, araferi gaakeToo... 

dRes 15 ivnisia da ukve gorSi var. xom ici, ninos babuis iubi- 

lea da aucileblad unda daveswro. Rames ninos babuasTan gavaTev. 

32


xval kviraa da adre ver avdgebi. SuadRisTvis davjdebi avto- 

busze da Camoval mSobliur quTaisSi... 

aba, Sen ici, male gnaxav! 

testuri davalebebi da Sesafasebeli qulebi 

1. vin aris werilis avtori? 1 

a. amirani 

b. leila 

g. nino 

d. batoni giorgi 

2. vin aris werilis adresati? vis swers avtori werils? 1 

a. ninos 

b. dedas 

g. amirans 

d. baton giorgis 

3. vin aris leila amiranisTvis? 2 

a. coli 

b. Svili 

g. da 

d. megobari. 

33 

Seni leila 

SeniSvna: vinaidan blumis taqsonomiis mixedviT, 

am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema mxolod informaciis 

ubralod moZiebas ar gul;isxmobs da ufro maRal 

kompetenciebs moiTxovs, misaniWebeli qulis 

`wona~ am tipis kiTxvebSi ufro maRalia. 

4. vin cxovrobs quTaisSi? 2 

a. leilas ojaxi 

b. nino 

g. batoni giorgi 

d. aravin.


5. visTan apirebs leila gorSi RamiT darCenas? 1 

__________________________________________________________________________ 

6. leila aris: 2 

a. seriozuli adamiani 

b. mxiaruli gogo 

g. gamocdili mzareuli 

7. ra awuxebs leilas dedas? 1 

__________________________________________________________________________ 

8. daalageT qronologiuri TanamimdevrobiT, ra ris mere moxda: 2 

a) quTaisSi dabruneba 

b) xaWapuris gamocxoba 

g) ninosTan sofelSi Casvla 

d) TbilisSi koncertze daswreba 

e) gorSi ninos babuis iubileze Casvla 

1 2 3 4 5 

34

. laparakis unaris Sefaseba 


rogorc iTqva, mosmenis unaris Sefaseba uamrav problemasTanaa 

dakavSirebuli. kidev ufro rTulia laparakis (metyvelebis) unaris 

Sefaseba: miuxedavad imisa, rom am SemTxvevaSi producirebasTan 

gvaqvs saqme da Tavad procesze dakvirveba (recefciuli unarebisgan 

gansxvavebiT) SesaZlebelia, samagierod, aq sxva problemebi iCens 

Tavs... kerZod, testirebis meTodis gamoyeneba laparakis unar-Cvevis 

Semowmebisas SeuZlebelia da, praqtikulad, am unaris testirebiT 

Semowmeba arc xerxdeba. Sesabamisad, mxolod gasaubrebis (intervius) 

formatSia SesaZlebeli laparakis unaris Semowmeba. es, ki, Tavis 

mxriv, garkveul diskomfors qmnis – upirveles yovlisa, subieqturi 

faqtoris gaaqtiurebis TvalsazrisiT. qulebiT Sefaseba ama Tu im 

xarvezisa (enobriv-gramatikuli, tempi, maxvili, fonetikuri xasiaTis 

Secdomebi da a. S.) zust instruqciebs moiTxovs, rac, praqtikulad, 

mainc zogadi xasiaTisa SeiZleba aRmoCndes da Semfaseblis 

subieqturi xedva kvlav gadamwyveti faqtoria. 

upirveles yovlisa, unda ganisazRvros, visTvisaa testireba 

gankuTvnili: bunebrivia, swavlebis sawyis etapze laparakis 

(metyvelebis) sxva unarebis ganviTarebaze keTdeba aqcenti, Semdgom 

safexurebze – sxva unarebze... magaliTad, swavlebis sawyis safexurze 

aqcenti keTdeba qarTuli enisaTvis specifikuri bgerebis sworad 

warmoTqmaze, maxvilis saTanadod gamoyenebaze, qarTulisTvis 

damaxasiaTebel intonaciaze... am etapze morfologiuri Tu 

sintaqsuri gamarTulobis moTxovna, rasakvirvelia, naadrevia. 

momdevno etapze ukve aqtiurdeba leqsikis komponenti: 

SeuZlebelia azris gadmocema, Tuki `saSen masalas~ leqsikuri 

erTeulebis saTanado odenobas (rac yoveli donisaTvis aris 

gansazRvruli enis flobis doneebis zogadevropuli standartis 

mixedviT) ver flobs Semswavleli. sawyis etapzeve saWiroa martivi 

35


sintaqsuri da morfologiuri kanonzomierebebis aTviseba, vinaidan – 

mxolod leqsikis codna araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar niSnavs enis ama Tu 

im doneze flobas... Semswavlelis ganviTarebasTan erTad, Sefasebisas 

ufro da ufro maRla iwevs Sefasebis kriteriumebic samive 

komponentis TvalsazrisiT (fonologiuri done, leqsikologiuri 

done, gramatikuli done). magaliTad, rodesac vafasebT laparakis 

unars, Semfasebels unda axsovdes, rom leqsikis, ase vTqvaT, 

`statikurad~ codna ar niSnavs, rom Semswavleli maRali quliT unda 

Sefasdes... mtavaria, rogor axerxebs igi frazebis, winadadebis 

konstruirebisaTvis saTanado sityvebis SerCevas, raTa azri 

adekvaturad gadmosces... aseve, gramatikuli wesebis codna sulac ar 

niSnavs imas, rom Semswavlels SeuZlia, magaliTad, droSi 

adekvaturad Seuxamos ori zmna (mag. ìs sauzmobda, roca zari 

rekavda~ - Secdomaa... sworia: daireka). 

gamomcdelma laparakis unaris Sefasebisas aucileblad unda 

gaiTvaliswinos kidev erTi faqtori: es aris metyvelebis siswrafe da 

bunebrioba. Semswavlelis mier pauzebiT gaWimuli, xelovnurobiT 

daRdasmuli teqstebis maRali quliT Sefaseba, Tundac es teqsti 

akmayofilebdes leqsikuri Tu morfosintaqsuri kvalifikaciis 

moTxovnebs, ar aris rekomendebuli. 

sanimuSod gTavazobT laparakis moduls, romelic CautardaT 

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis araqarTulenovan studentebs. 

moduli ori seqciisgan Sedgeboda. pirveli seqcia 

warmoadgenda intervius, romlis drosac kandidatebi winaswar 

micemuli 30 Temidan erT-erTis prezentirebas axdendnen; mag. Temebi: 

`Tbilisi _ saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi~, `Cemi hobi~, `Cveni tradiciebi~, 

`ratom vswavlobs saxelmwifo enas~ da sxva... (seqciis Sefaseba – 10- 

quliani sistemiT). 

meore seqciaSi kandidats kiTxvebi eZleoda ara im Temidan, 

romelic pirveli seqciaSi iyo micemuli, aramed nebismieri iseTi 

zogadi sferodan, rogoricaa: ojaxi, dabadebis adgili da garemo, 

36


Cacmuloba, Tavisufali drois ganawileba, sayvareli filmi, musika, 

speqtakli da a.S. (seqciis Sefaseba – 10-quliani sistemiT). 

sul orive seqciis Sefasebis maqsimaluri zRvari - 20 qula. 

Sefasebisas qulebi iwereboda ramdenime komponentis 

gaTvaliswinebiT: gamoTqma, intonacia, orToepia (swori metyveleba), 

leqsikuri maragis gamoyeneba, gramatikuli kompetencia, logikuri 

Tanamimdevrobisa da zepiri teqstis agebis unarebi, metyvelebis tempi 

da bunebrioba. 

laparakis unaris ganviTarebis (progresis) Semowmeba 

sasurvelia swavlebis mTeli procesis ganmavlobaSi, regularulad 

tardebodes. mimdinare Sefasebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi 

faqtorebi: 

1. upirveles yovlisa, SemfaseblisTvisac da Sesafasebeli 

(gamosacdeli) pirisTvisac mkafio da gasagebi kriteriumebi 

unda SemuSavdes; 

2. ar unda SemovifargloT erTi (an mcire odenobis) davalebiT 

– mivceT saSualeba enis Semswavlels, maqsimalurad 

gamoavlinos Tavisi unarebi; 

3. teqsti unda iyos bunebrivi da Sinaarsiani (yuradReba 

mivaqcioT imas, rom ar moxdes Semswavlelis mier teqstis 

dazepireba!); 

4. sasurvelia, bunebrivi garemos Sesaqmnelad, davajgufoT 

(davawyviloT) gamosacdelebi da, amasTan, gaviTvaliswinoT 

TiToeuli maTganis done – ar davarRvioT Tanabrobis 

principi da adekvaturad davajgufoT (davawyviloT) 

Semswavlelebi (ar aris rekomendebuli enis flobis sakmaod 

gansxvavebuli donis SemswavlelTa dawyvileba); 

5. Sefasebisas maqsimalurad CavrToT TviTSefasebis komponenti; 

6. Sefaseba, rasakvirvelia, unda moxdes im masalaze dayrdnobiT, 

rac gamosacdelma swavlebis procesSi gaiara; 

37


7. gamosacdels unda mieces sakmao dro (10-15 wuTi mainc), raTa 

saTanadod moemzados zepiri SemowmebisaTvis da 

srulyofilad gamoavlinos Tavisi unarebi;; 

8. unda gamoicados ara mxolod gramatikaSi (morfosintaqsSi) 

misi miRwevebi (anu, ramdenad sworad agebs sityvebs, 

winadedebebs...), aramed laparakis sxva unarebSic; 

9. detalizebuli da mkafiod gansazRvruli ukukavSiri. 

38 

munozi, alvarezi, 2010, gv. 34


2. wignierebis (kiTxvisa da weris unarebis) Sefaseba 

a. kiTxva 

kiTxvis unari erT-erTi ZiriTadi unarTagania. igi mxolod erTi 

konkretuli enis Seswavlas ar ukavSirdeba da, sazogadod, 

wignierebis Zireuli komponentia – aq igulisxmeba moswavlis unari, 

ikiTxos ara mxolod mxatvruli Tu saswavlo literatura, aramed 

gaecnos da gaigos / aRiqvas sxvadasxva tipis (maT Soris 

sainformacio, sareklamo, samecniero xasiaTis) teqstebi. 

kiTxvis daniSnuleba da mizani 2 ZiriTad komponentze daiyvaneba: 

literaturuli gamocdilebis miReba 

informaciis miReba da gamoyeneba. 

wignierebis Sefasebisas aqcenti keTdeba im unarebze, rac 

arsebiTi da umniSvnelovanesia anu werilobiTi teqstis aRqmis, 

miRebuli informaciis gagebisa da gamoyenebis unarze; amis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, mkiTxvels unda SeeZlos: 

1. sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis ZiriTadi azris gageba da 

Camoyalibeba; 

2. sxvadasxva tipis teqstebidan informaciis amokrefa; 

3. mxatvruli nawarmoebebis kiTxvisas siamovnebis gancda. 

Sefasebis CarCos Seqmnisas moqmedebs principi, rom kiTxvis 

procesi kognituri TvalsazrisiT, or ZiriTad dones moicavs _ 

gageba-gaazrebasa da interpretacias. 

sferoebad dayofisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos isic, rom 

yvela saazrovno operacia, romelic Semswavlels wakiTxulis gageba- 

gaazrebisTvis, gaanalizebisa da interpretirebisTvis sWirdeba, 

miemarTeba ara mxolod teqstis Sinaarsobriv plans, aramed mis 

enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiT mxaresac. 

39


werilobiTi teqstis gageba niSnavs: 

teqstSi pirdapir (eqspliciturad) da qveteqsturad 

(impliciturad) mocemuli informaciis gageba, moZieba da 

konkretuli niSniT klasifikacia; 

teqstis Sinaarsis gageba, romelic gulisxmobs mTliani 

teqstis an misi calkeuli nawilis, rogorc dasrulebuli 

erTeulis, zogadi da detaluri Sinaarsis gagebasa da 

aRqmas; 

teqstSi pirdapir da qveteqstis saSualebiT gadmocemuli 

ambebis, gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gageba-gaazrebas, 

daskvnebis gamotanasa da teqstis (aseve, misi calkeuli 

epizodisa Tu monakveTis) Sejamebas, 

teqstis dakavSirebas sakuTar cxovrebiseul 

gamocdilebasTan Tu arsebul literaturul codnasTan. 

kiTxvis unarebis Sefasebisas aucilebelia, Semowmdes teqstis 

interpretaciasa da analizis unar-Cvevebi _ moswavleTa refleqsiisa 

da Sefasebis unarebi, rac gulisxmobs teqstSi mocemuli ideebis, 

mosazrebebis, Sexedulebebis (mxatvrul teqstebSi aseve personaJTa 

saqcielis), agreTve, enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis 

gaanalizebisa da Sefasebis, moswavlisgan sakuTari damokidebulebis 

gamoxatvis unarebis gamovlenas. 

sazogadod, interpetireba SeiZleba pirdapir (zedapirul, 

eqsplicitur), gadataniT (metaforul, qveteqstur) da simbolur 

doneze. es gulisxmobs wakiTxuli teqstis ideuri mxaris, mTavari 

problemis, avtoris Canafiqris amocnobas da gaazrebas, misi poziciis 

Sefasebas; faqtebisa da mosazrebebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvnas, 

arapirdapiri daskvnebis gamotanas, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis 

danaxvasa da axsnas, personaJis saqcielisa Tu Sexedulebebis 

gaanalizebas da Sefasebas sxvadasxva poziciidan, agreTve, mTliani 

teqstis Tu misi calkeuli epizodis interpretacias, analizs, 

Sefasebas Tu sxva kompleqsur saazrovno operaciebs. 

40


kiTxvisa da weris unarebis Sefasebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia is 

gamocdileba, rac arsebobs dasavleTis wamyvan qveynebSi: ukve 

aTwleulebia, evropasa da amerikaSi mimdinareobs saerTaSiroso 

kvlevebi, romlebic im mxrivac aris saintereso, Tu ra tipis testur 

davalebebs iyeneben Cveni kolegebi kiTxvisa Tu weris ama Tu im 

unaris Sesafaseblad. 

wignierebis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT, saqarTveloSi qveynis 

masStabiT saqarTveloSi kvleva pirvelad 2006 wels Catarda. es iyo 

PIRLS-is mier Catarebuli farTomasStabiani gamokvleva, romelic 9-10 

wlis bavSvTa wignierebis donisa da misi ganmapirobebeli faqtorebis 

Seswavlas isaxavda miznad. 

PIRLS-is kvlevas didi saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba hqonda: 

upirveles yovlisa, es gaxldaT saerTaSoriso standartebze 

dafuZnebuli soliduri samuSao, romelic iyenebda dasavlur 

mowinave qveynebSi araerTxel aprobirebul, zust da sando 

instrumentebs; PIRLS-is mier dadginda standarti, romlis mixedviTac 

gamoikveTa wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesebis (1. eqspliciturad 

mocemuli informaciis moZieba, 2. daskvnebis gakeTeba, 3. informaciis 

interpretacia sakuTar codnasTan integrirebis safuZvelze, 4. 

mxatvrul teqstis enis Sefaseba da mxatvruli xerxebis / saxeebis 

gaazreba) procentuli urTierTmimarTeba: 

eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis moZieba 22% 

uSualo daskvnebis gamotana 28% 

azrebisa da informaciis interpretacia sakuTar 

codnasTan integrirebis safuZvelze 

teqstis enis Sefaseba da mxatvruli xerxebis gaazreba 14% 

iqna: 

41 

37% 

ix. wignierebis saerTaSoriso kvlevis angariSi, 2010. 

kvlevis instrumentebad PIRLS-is kvlevis farglebSi gamoyenebul


wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesebi (testi); 

kiTxvisadmi damokidebuleba (moswavlis kiTxvari); 

mSoblis kiTxvari; 

maswavleblis kiTxvari; 

skolis kiTxvari; 

saswavlo gegmis kiTxvari. 

* PIRLS-is kvlevis Sedegad, aRmoCnda, rom wignierebis 

TvalsazrisiT, qarTveli moswavleebi saSualoze 

dabal Sedegebs aCvenebdnen (qarTveli bavSvebis 

wignierebis saSualo maCvenebeli (471) statistikurad 

mniSvnelovnad CamorCeba PIRLS–is saerTaSoriso 

skalirebul maCvenebels (500); amasTan, isic unda 

aRiniSnos, rom qarTvel bavSvebs mxatvruli 

teqstebis gaazrebaSi ufro kargi maCvenebeli aqvT, 

vidre sainformacio teqstebisa...); 

ix. wignierebis saerTaSoriso kvlevis angariSi, 2010. 

2009 wels Catarda PISA-s (PISA saerTaSoriso kvlevaa, romelic 

miznad isaxavs 15 wlis mozardebis mier skolaSi SeZenili codnisa 

da unarebis Sefasebas) mier ganxorcielebuli kvleva, romelic 

kiTxvis unarebis Sefasebas isaxavda miznad (sacdeli kvleva Catarda 

2009 wlis oqtombers, ZiriTadi kvleva ki 2010 wlis aprilSi). 

asakobrivi jgufi iyo 15 wlis moswavleebi, aRsaniSnavia, rom 

kvleva emyareboda zogadad wignierebis gagebas da ar 

Semoifargleboda saswavlo gegmiT. 

PISA afasebda moswavlis unars, gaigos, gamoiyenos da gaiazros 

werilobiTi teqstebi, imisaTvis, rom SeiZinos codna, ganiviTaros 

SesaZleblobebi da miiRos srulyofili monawileoba sazogadoebriv 

cxovrebaSi. 

teqstis formati: garda vrceli teqstebisa, PISA–m 

gamoiyena sxvadasxva tipis teqstebi – siebi, diagramebi, 

sareklamo gancxadebebi; 

42


kiTxvis procesi: Semowmda moswavleebis unari, moiZion 

informacia, Seiqmnan zogadi warmoadgena teqstis Sesaxeb, 

gaiazron misi Sinaarsi, forma da elementebi 

situaciebi: sxvadasxva mizniT Seqmnili teqstis gamoyeneba. 

wignierebis saerTaSoriso kvlevis angariSi (PISA), 2009 

2010 wels saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis 

saministros erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centrma 

saqarTvelos masStabiT Caatara erovnuli Sefaseba qarTul enasa da 

literaturaSi, kerZod, kiTxvis mimarTulebaSi im moswavleebisTvis, 

romlebmac sabazo safexurze daasrules swavla. 

wignierebis donis Sesamowmeblad SerCeuli iyo sxvadasxva tipis 

teqstebi, maT Soris mxatvruli Txzulebebi (rogorc prozauli, aseve 

– leqsebi) da aramxatvruli (sainformacio, SemecnebiTi, samecniero- 

popularuli...) teqstebi. xolo instrumentad gamoyenebul iqna am 

teqstebze Seqmnili testuri davalebebi (erovnuli Sefaseba qarTul 

enasa da literaturaSi, 2010). 

rasakvirvelia, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier Catarebuli 

kvalificiuri kvlevebisas gamoyenebuli instrumenti (testuri 

davalebebis tipebi) SesaZlebelia da aucilebelicaa gamoviyenoT 

rogorc Semajamebeli, aseve mimdinare Sefasebis dros. saWiroa 

zustad ganisazRvros, Tu ra unarebis Semowmebas vapirebT, ra donis 

SemswavlelisTvis viRebT ama Tu im testur davalebas da 

SemoTavazebuli mravalferovani testuri davalebebidan iolad 

movaxerxebT tipis SerCevas... magaliTad, Tuki vapirebT mTliani 

teqstis, calkeuli epizodis, analizis safuZvelze arapirdapiri 

daskvnebis gamotanaze orientirebuli unaris gamorkvevas – testuri 

davalebis Sesabamisi tipi unda moviZioT (magaliTad, qvemoT, II 

testuri davaleba)... magram am konkretuli testuri davalebis 

mixedviT Cven verafriT ver gavarkvevT, Tu ramdenadaa Semswavleli 

`daxelovnebuli~ teqstidan informaciis moZiebaze... sxvaTa Soris, ar 

unda dagvaviwydes, rom xSirad Semswavlelebi logikuri azrovnebis 

43


ufro maRali safexuris operaciebs ukeT asruleben, vidre, 

magaliTad, erTi SexedviT iset martiv logikur operacias, 

rogoricaa eqsplicituri informaciis moZieba teqstidan... am saxis 

logikur operacias sruliad sxva tipis testuri davaleba unda 

SevufardoT (magaliTad, I davaleba sanimuSod warmodgenili 

testebidan). 

sanimuSod gTavazobT kiTxvis sxvadasxva unaris Sesamowmeblad 

PIRLS–isa da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier 

gamoyenebul ramdenime testur davalebas: 

I. informaciis moZiebaze orientirebuli testuri davaleba: 

saidan Cans, rom saba cdilobs, wminda papis, da, saerTod, 

qristianuli samyaros sayovelTao interesebs daukavSiros 

datyvevebuli vaxtang VI-is gamoxsnis sakiTxi? daimowmeT Sesabamisi 

adgili teqstidan. 

teqsti: sulxan saba orbeliani, `mogzauroba evropaSi~; 

SeniSvna: kiTxva daZlies saSualo miRwevis doneze. 

II. mTliani teqstis, calkeuli epizodis, analizis safuZvelze 

arapirdapiri daskvnebis gamotana: 

sabas miznidan gamomdinare, romeli Sexvedra iyo misTvis 

yvelaze mniSvnelovani da ratom? pasuxi daasabuTeT. 


SeniSvna: kiTxva daZlies saSualoze maRali miRwevis donis 

mqone moswavleebma 

III. mTliani teqstis, analizi, teqstis dakavSireba gamocdilebasTan, 

arapirdapiri daskvnebis gamotana, teqstis interpretacia: 

44


aris Tu ara sabasdroindeli problemebi dRes aqtualuri da 

ratom? ra msgavsebas xedavT sabasdroindel da Tanamedrove 

mdgomareobas Soris? pasuxi daasabuTeT. 


SeniSvna: kiTxva daZlies maRali miRwevis donis mqone 

moswavleebma. 

IV. teqstis mTavari azris, mTavari Temis amocnoba: 

mocemuli teqstis mTavari Temaa: 

a) zezvasa da luxumis kamaTi 

b) leki meomris mokvlis ambavi 

g) mTielTa mebrZoli sulis warmoCena 

d) ori gansxvavebuli damokidebulebis Cveneba, Tu rogor unda 

moeqce mters 

teqsti: nawyveti vaJa-fSavelas poemidan `baxtrioni~; 

SeniSvna: kiTxva Tavisuflad daZlies dabali miRwevis donis 

moswavleebma. 

V. personaJis saqcielis, misi Sexedulebis analizi: 

eTanxmebiT Tu ara zezvas pozicias, rom vaJkacma mteri ar unda 

daindos? Tqveni azri daasabuTeT 


SeniSvna: davaleba daZlies saSualo,Sesabamisad, saSualoze 

maRali da maRali miRwevis donismoswavleebma. 

VI. personaJis saqcielis axsna, misi motivaciis analizi: 

imsjeleT im Rirebulebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic luxumis qcevas 

gansazRvravs. 

45



SeniSvna: davaleba daZlies mxolod maRali miRwevis 

donismoswavleebma. 

VII. teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis gageba-gaazreba: 

teqstis mixedviT ra kavSiri aqvs platons cnobil aTenel 

poetsa da politikur moRvawe solonTan? 

a) platoni Tavis dialogebSi gadmogvcems imas, rac 

solonisgan moismina atlantidis Sesaxeb 

b) platonma daafiqsira Tavisi pativiscema solonis 

mimarT 

g)platonma Tavis dialogebSi aRwera solonis mier 

egvipteSi mosmenili ambavi atlantidis civilizaciis 

daRupvis Sesaxeb 

d) platons solonTan erTad umogzauria kunZul 

atlantidaze da aRuweria misi maRalganviTarebuli 

civilizacia 

teqsti: informaciuli teqsti filosofos platonis Sesaxeb; 

SeniSvna: kiTxva daZlies dabali miRwevis donis moswavleebma 

VIII. teqstis enis, metaforuli metyvelebis gageba-gaazreba, 

obieqtivacia 

teqstis mixedviT, ra igulisxmeba sityvebSi `yovlisSemZle 

bunebis moulodneli Careva~? 


SeniSvna: davaleba daZlies saSualoze maRalimiRwevis donis 

moswavleebma. 

46


IX. informaciis ganzogadeba, obieqtivacia, teqstSi mocemuli 

informaciis safuZvelze daskvnis gamotana: 

CamoTvlilTagan romeli garemoeba uSlis xels atlantidis 

civilizaciis ganadgurebisa da kunZul Teraze momxdari 

katastrofis gaigivebas? 

a) arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad mopovebuli masala 

b) okeanologTa daskvnebi 

g) faqtobrivi uzustoba 

d)qronologiuri Seusabamoba 


SeniSvna: kiTxva daZlies mxolod maRali miRwevis donis 

moswavleebma. 

zemoxsenebulma kvlevebma didwilad gansazRvra im problemebis 

CamonaTvali, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac kiTxvis unarebis Sefasebisas 

aucilebelia. ganisazRvra da Camoyalibda testuri davalebebis tipe- 

bi, romelTac meore enis SemswavlelTa kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis Sesafa- 

sebel testebSi aqtiurad viyenebT: 

a. e.w. `WeSmaritia / mcdaria~ tipis kiTxvebi da testuri 

davalebebi, romlebic metwilad kiTxvis unarebis dauflebis 

adreul etapze gamoiyeneba: 

– saRamo mSvidobis, de (di/da). 

– gagimarjos, Svilo! 

– daTuna, modi, dediko. 

– batono. 

– ai, damjere biWi. 

– ra aris, de? 

teqsti 

47


– gacunculdi da kbilebi gamoixexe, kargi? 

– ki, de! 

– axla modi (kocnis). 

– deda! 

– gTxov, axla daweqi da daiZine, kargi? 

– kargi, de, axlave. 

– Cemi usayvarlesi Svili xar, daTuna. Cemo erTaderTo! 

– yvelaze, yvelaze kargi da lamazi deda xar. 

SemoxazeT swori pasuxi: 

1. saRamos daTo esalmeba dedas? sworia / arasworia. 

2. deda gamarjobiT pasuxobs? sworia / arasworia. 

3. deda daTos TavisTan ixmobs? sworia / arasworia. 

4. daTo damjere biWi ar aris? sworia / arasworia. 

5. daTos ar ainteresebs dedis daZaxeba? sworia / 

arasworia. 

6. dedam kbilebis gamoxexva sTxova daTos? sworia / 

arasworia. 

7. daTo ar daemorCila? sworia / arasworia. 

8. deda daTos kocnis? sworia / arasworia. 

9. dedam daTo dasaZineblad gauSva? sworia / arasworia. 

10. daTo usayvarlesi Svili ar aris? sworia / arasworia. 

b. mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis davalebebi, rac gulisxmobs 

standartul, arCeviTi pasuxebis mqone kiTxvebs: 

teqsti 

gamarjoba, Salva, rogor xar? dedaSeni rogor aris? Cveni ana- 

no xom ar gabrazebs? 

baTumidan pirdapir quTaisSi Cavedi, rogorc Sen mTxove, lela 

vnaxe da Seni wigni saredaqciod gadaveci. kargi vqeni, rom Cavedi: 

48


lela avad iyo, dedamisi ki mivlinebaSi iyo wasuli da momvleli 

aravin hyavda... amitom 2 dRiT quTaisSi davrCi... meti veRar davrCebo- 

di, radgan oTxSabaTs TbilisSi, seminarze viyavi Casasvleli. 

seminari saministroSi gaimarTa, misasalmebeli sityva Tbilisis 

me-60 skolis direqtorma warmoTqva. me dilas mqonda moxseneba. sul 

ki im dRes, Cemi CaTvliT, Svidi gamomsvleli iyo. Cemi moxsenebis mere 

sadili iyo. mere ki qalaqSi gavedi. saRamomde kidev 3 moxseneba maqvs 

mosasmeni. 

axla Cems dasTan var da werils gwer. ukve 3 saaTia. RamiT 

davrCebi Cems dasTan da 9 aprils davbrundebi saxlSi. 

anano damikocne. dedamTili aucileblad momikiTxe. 

vin aris Salva megisTvis? 

a) qmari 

b) Svili 

g) Zma 

d) mama. 

testuri davalebis nimuSi: 

49 

Seni megi 

g. aseve testuri davalebebi, romlebic CamoTvlili movlenebisa 

Tu sagnebis garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT (qronologiuri, 

logikuri da a.S.) dawyobas moiTxovda: 

teqsti (ix. wina teqsti) 


daalageT qronologiuri TanamimdevrobiT, ra ris mere moxda (miuwereT 

ricxvebi): 

quTaisSi lelasTan 2 dRiT darCena 

seminarze direqtoris sityviT gamosvla 

lelasTan Casvla 

sadili 

Ramis gaTeva TbilisSi megis dasTan


d. wignierebis mimarTulebiT sakmaod maRal kompetenciebs 

moiTxovs Ria testuri davalebebi, romlebSic moswavlem Tavad 

unda daweros pasuxi (mokle, vrceli da eses tipisa): 

warmoidgineT, rom gagagzavnes mivlinebaSi ucxoeTSi 2 Tqvens 

TanamSromelTan erTad. miswereT werili Tqveni ojaxis wevrs 

(meuRles, dedas, Svils...); mouyeviT, sad xarT, visTan erTad, 

rogori amindia, ras akeTebT dilas, SuadRisas, saRamoTi; 

moifiqreT, ras gaakeTebT Tqveni ojaxis wevrebTan erTad, roca 

mivlinebidan dabrundebiT. 

sityvebis minimaluri raodenoba – 50 

SeniSvna: am tipis davalebas aucileblad unda 

axldes zusti instruqcia, Tu ramdeni qula 

iwereba ama Tu im komponentis mixedviT (maTSoris - 

leqsikuri maragi, gramatikuli kompetencia – 

dawvrilebiT ix. Tavi III) 

e. testuri davalebebis tipi, romelic moiTxovs Semswavlelisgan, 

Casvas gamotovebuli sityva an fraza da daasrulos 

winadadeba. 

(informaciuli teqsti Jirafze) 

amerika dasavleT avstralia ZuZumwovara cxovelia 

samxreT amfibiaa frinvelia afrika CrdiloeT 

Jirafi yvelaze maRali . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Jirafi . . . . . . . . . qveynebSi binadrobs. 

Jirafis samSobloa . . . . . . . . . . . 

oriode sityviT SevexebiT adreuli wignierebis specifikas, 

romelic Sefasebisas ramdenadme gansxvavebuli principebis 

gaTvaliswinebas moiTxovs, vinaidan swavlebis am safexurze sxva 

50


donis kompetenciebis ganviTarebasa da, Sesabamisad, Semowmebazea 

orientirebuli Semfasebeli. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom adreuli wignierebis kvleva saerTaSoriso 

masStabiT aqamde ar Catarebula. 2011 wlidan saqarTveloSi adreuli 

wignierebis kvlevis mizniT, Semodis EGRA (Early-Grade-Reading- 

Assessment), raTa aprobirebuli meTodologiisa da instrumentebis 

saSualebiT, moaxdinos adreuli wignierebis ZiriTadi unarebis 

Sefaseba. 

adreuli wignierebis Sefaseba gamoirCeva specifikurobiT da misi 

Sefaseba sakmaod rTulia. Tumca, Tuki kargad gamoikveTeba is 

unarebi, romlebzec unda moxdes yuradRebis gamaxvileba, 

SesaZlebelia instruqciebis kritikuli komponentebisgan miviRoT 

Sefasebis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis gageba. 

EGRA-s eqspertebis mier gamoyofilia adreuli kiTxvis 

umniSvnelovanesi 5 komponenti: 

1. wakiTxulis swori fonematuri aRqma; 

2. wakiTxulis swori akustikuri aRqma (asosa da bgeris 

urTierTSesatyvisobis dadgena); 

3. kiTxvis siswrafe; 

4. leqsikoni; 

5. wakiTxulis aRqma-gageba. 

adreul etapze umniSvnelovanesia sityvebis amocnoba da 

dekodireba. aq igulisxmeba, rom moswavles SeuZlia daadginos aso- 

bgeriTi Sesatyvisobebi, anu aRiqvas kavSiri gamoTqmul bgerasa da 

daweril asos Soris, SeuZlia anbanis principis gageba-gamoyeneba da 

ama Tu is sityvis sworad amokiTxva. moswavleebSi am kompetenciebis 

ganviTareba, Cveulebriv, wera-kiTxvis dawyebis pirvelive etapze xdeba 

(adreuli wignierebis kvleva, egra, 2009, gv. 6). aqve unda iTqvas, rom 

am komponents gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba aqvs im enebisTvis, 

romlebSic daweriloba da warmoTqma erTmaneTs zustad ar emTxveva 

51


(mag. inglisurSi). qarTulSi am mxriv naklebi problemebia, Tumca 

bgerisa da misi werilobiTi xatis kavSiris ganmtkiceba swavlebis 

dawyebiT safexurze (adreul etapze) aucilebelia. am tipis 

davalebebi qarTulisTvisac adekvaturia; mag., SesaZlebelia, daisvas 

aseTi kiTxva: 

`gamoTqviT pirveli bgera, romliTac iwyeba es sityva.~ 

(dafaze weria sityva `yvavi~)~; 

Semdeg amas mosdevs meore kiTxva: 

`gamoTqviT momdevno bgera~... da a. S. 

am tipis davalebebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania im 

SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gamosacdeli azerbaijanulenovania: saqme is 

gaxlavT, rom azerbaijanuli enisaTvis ucxoa zogierTi qarTuli 

specifikuri bgera (yru mkveTri Tanxmovnebi – k, t, p, y, W...); 

Sesabamisad, sawyis etapze bavSvebs uWirT am bgeraTa ara mxolod 

sworad gamoTqma, aramed gansxvavebis aRqma saTanado yru 

fSvinvierTan (q-k; T-t, c-w, C-W, y-x...). 

momdevn etapze ukve calkeuli bgerebisgan sityvis agebis 

unaris Semowmebaa: SesaZlebelia, bavSvi Tavisuflad amoicnobdes 

asoebs (qarTuli am mxriv uaRresad `komfortuli~ enaa – bgera 

yovelTvis / TiTqmis yovelTvis Seesabameba saTanado aRmniSvnels – 

asos nebismier konteqstSi / sityvis farglebSi), magram ver 

axerxebdes am bgeraTa erT mTlianobad `Sekvras~: sityva 

organizebuli struqturuli erTeulia, romelsac sakuTari, 

damoukidebeli SemarTva da damarTva aqvs, gansxvavebuli, cidre, 

ubralod, misi Semadgeneli bgerebis erTobliobas (Sdr. bgeraTa 

Tanamimdevroba b–a-v-S-v-i da sityva bavSvi). 

teqstis gagebisaTvis umTavresi pirobaa sityvebis mniSvnelobis 

codna da leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba. adreul etapze bavSvebis 

leqsikuri maragis gafarToebis saukeTeso saSualebaa swavlis 

procesSi mravalferovan masalaze muSaoba. gaugebari sityvebisa da 

frazebis ganmartebisaTvis maswavlebelma SeiZleba sxvadasxva xerxs 

52


mimarTos: gamoiyenos konteqsturi gasaRebebi, Tavad auxsnas 

moswavleebs maTi mniSvneloba, axlad Seswavlili sityvebiT 

Seadgeninos winadadebebi, gaaazrebinos sityvis Semadgeneli 

calkeuli nawilebi, gamoiyenos axali sityvebi Tu gamoTqmebi 

situaciur saubarSi da a. S. Sesabamisad, Sefasebisas unda 

ganisazRvros, Tu ramdenad aqvs gamosacdels aTvisebuli es unarebi. 

mniSvnelovania sityvebis kiTxvis tempi. eqspertebi gvirCeven, 

visargebloT wammzomiT, rata davadginoT, Tu ramdeni sityvis 

amokiTxvas SeZlebs bavSvi, magaliTad, 1 wuTis ganmavlobaSi; Tu 

moswavle 60 wamSi 30 sityvas ver kiTxulobs – es ukve problemaa da 

Sefasebisas mas qula akldeba (ix. egra, 2010)... 

swavlebis garkveul etapze moswavlem ukve unda SeZlos 

gamarTuli kiTxva. es exeba ara xmamaRal, aramed Cumad kiTxvas: 

gamarTulad mkiTxveli Cumad kiTxvis dros, dekodirebis gareSe, 

avtomaturad amoicnobs sityvebs da advilad igebs teqstis Sinaarss; 

Sesabamisad, misTvis ukve problema arar aris, ar uWirs xmamaRla 

kiTxva, sasven niSnebTan saTanado pauzebs akeTebs da irCevs Sesabamis 

intonacias. 

momdevno etapia wakiTxulis gageba-gaazreba da teqstis 

interpretacia. gansxvavebiT dekodirebisa da sityvebis amocnobisagan, 

wakiTxulis gaazreba teqstis siRrmiseuli Semecnebis procesia da 

masSi gadmocemuli azrebis gacnobierebasa da konstruirebas 

gulisxmobs (Sdr, kiTxvis efeqturi meTodebi, 2010, gv. 13). 

rasakvirvelia, TiToeuli am etapis Sefaseba gradacias 

eqvemdebareba da safexurebriv zrdas gulisxmobs. 

53

. wera 


weras, sazogadod, wignierebis Semadgenel komponentad 

ganixilaven. weris unarebis ganviTarebisas, yuradReba maxvildeba, 

upirveles yovlisa, Semdeg aspeqtebze: 

1. ramdenad aqvs gamosacdel pirs gacnobierebuli weris 

mizani; 

2. ramdenad aqvs gaazrebuli auditoria (visTvis wers); 

3. aris Tu ara SesabamisobaSi (adekvaturia Tu ara) werilis 

struqtura mizansa da auditoriasTan; 

4. naweris enobrivi maxasiaTeblebi (leqsika, gramatika); 

5. SemoqmedebiTad iyenebs damxmare detalebs saTqmelis ukeT 

warmosaCenad. 

weris procesi sakmaod rTulia da ramdenime etaps moicavs: 

1. ideebis generireba weris dawyebamde; 

2. pirveli variantis Seqmna; 

3. gadamuSaveba saboloo variantis Seqmnamde; 

4. redaqtireba; 

5. gamoqveyneba. 

rasakvirvelia, Sefasebisas unda moxdes yvela am komponentis 

gaTvaliswineba; kerZod, mowmdeba: 

a. teqstis struqtura (igulisxmeba iseTi parametrebi, rogoricaa 

abzaci, rveulis areebidan daSoreba da a. S.); 

b. logikuri aspeqtebi (ramdenad mwyobri da argumentirebulia 

nawerSi gamoTqmuli azri); 

g. leqsikis adekvaturad gamoyeneba; 

d. gramatika; 

d. marTlwera da punqtuacia. 

wignierebis saerTaSoriso kvlevis angariSi, 2010. 

54


weris unarebis Sefasebisas testuri davalebis ramdenime 

sxvadasxva tipi gamoiyeneba. magaliTad, imisaTvis, Tu ramdenad 

SeuZlia Semswavlels miznisa da auditoriis gansazRvra, 

rekomendebulia amgvari testuri davalebis micema: 

SeadginT ori dialogi: erTi megobarTan, meore 

maswavlebelTan (Tema SearCieT damoukideblad). 

Semswavlelis mier logikuri mimarTebebis flobis unaris 

Semowmebisas SesaZlebelia, magaliTad am tipis davalebis micema: 

daalageT teqsti logikuri TanmimdevrobiT (win miuwereT 

rigiTi nomeri): 

pirveli saaTi, romelic adamianma gamoigona, mzisa iyo, 

genialurad martivi konstruqciiT - miwaSi CarWobili joxiTa 

da mis garSemo daxatuli ciferblatiT. isris rols asrulebda 

joxis Crdili. 

Semdeg, daaxloebiT aTasi wlis win, qviSis saaTi Seqmnes. magram 

es saaTi 

drois mxolod mcire monakveTis, maqsimum naxevari saaTis, 

gazomvas axerxebda. 

magram mzis saaTis logikuri nakli is iyo, rom avdarsa da SenobaSi 

gamousadegari iyo. 

evropaSi pirveli meqanikuri saaTebi monastrebis koSkebze me- 

TerTmete 

saukuneSi gamoCnda. 

majis saaTebi pirvelad mecxramete saukuneebSi Seqmnes mxolod 

qalebisTvis. es saaTebi Zvirfasi TvlebiT iyo morTuli. 

amis gamo oTxi aTasi wlis win punqtualobis moyvarulma adamianebma 

wylis saaTi gamoigones. pirveli maRviZarac swored wylis 

saaTs hqonda. 

55


rogori iqneboda Cveni cxovreba, rom ar arsebobdes saaTi, maRviZara 

da dRis grafiki? saaTis Seqmnas didi istoria aqvs. 

weris procesSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba 

Semswavlelis mier Tezisis wamoWrisa da argumentebis moxmobis 

unars; am unarebis gamosavlenad da Sesafaseblad SesaZlebelia 

Semdegi tipis davalebebis micema: 

ganavrceT mocemuli Tezisi saTanado enobrivi saSualebebis 

gamoyenebiT: 

mokle teqsturi Setyobineba (mesiji) mozardTa Soris 

urTierTobis erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa. 

mocemulia kacobriobis ocamde yvelaze mniSvnelovani 

gamogoneba. Tqveni azriT, am siidan romelia sami yvelaze 

mniSvnelovani da ratom fiqrobT ase? pasuxi daasabuTeT 

saTanado argumentebiT: 

anda: 

dana, webo, musikaluri istrumentebi, lamfa, qvabi, 

sarke, borbali, saponi, kompasi, SuSa, denTi, 

avtomanqana, TviTmfrinavi, kinokamera, televizori, 

kompiuteri, xelovnuri Tanamgzavri, lazeri, printeri. 

marTebulia Tu ara moyvanili Tezisi? pasuxi daasabuTeT 

argumentebiT. 

saqarTvelo tolerantuli qveyanaa. 

dasaSvebia am tipis davalebis micemac: 

aageT msjeloba mocemul Temaze:: 

unda misdios Tu ara adamianma modas? unda Caicvas Tu 

ara adamianma modurad? 

56


weris erT-erTi komponentia sakuTari poziciis gamoxatva; 

faqtobrivad, es komponenti Seesabameba blumis taqsonomiis umaRles 

safexurs – Sefasebas da enobrivi kompetenciebis flobis maRal 

dones gulisxmobs. am unaris Sesafaseblad mizanSewonilia, 

magaliTad, eses tipis Semdegi davalebis micema: 

gamoxateT sakuTari pozicia mocemul TemasTan 

dakavSirebiT: 

umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebaSi swavlisas saWiroa 

Tu ara saSinao davalebebis Sesruleba? 

yvelaze srulyofilad weris sxvadasxva unaris kompleqsurad 

Sesafaseblad eses tipis davalebis micemaa. am SemTxvevaSi 

aucilebelia zusti da obieqturi instruqciebis micema 

gamsworeblebisaTvis, raTa TiToeuli komponenti obieqturad da 

samarTlianad Sefasdes; mag.: 

mocemulia Temebi. amoirCieT erTi maTgani da SeqmeniT 

aRweriTi teqsti. 

Tqveni skola 

Tqveni qalaqi/sofeli 

Tqveni sayvareli msaxiobi 

(instruqcia: maqsimaluri qulaa 10; 3 gramatikul Secdomaze 

akldeba 1 qula; leqsikis mwiri gamoyeneba – akldeba 1 qula; 

logikurad gaumarTaobis SemTxvevaSi – 3 qula; teqstis 

struqturuli mTlianobis darRvevisaTvis – akldeba 2 qula... da a. 

S.). 

gramatikuli codnis Sesamowmeblad sxvadasxva tipis 

davalebebis micemaa SesaZlebeli (dawvrilebiT ix, qvemoT); metwilad 

iyeneben aprobirebul da gavrcel;ebul testur davalebas: 

gadaiyvaneT teqsti mesame pirSi: 

abiturienti var da vemzadebi, Tan skolaSi davdivar. diliT 

ise miwevs Sinidan gasvla, rom diliT Wamas ver vaxerxeb, 

57


amitomac drois uqonlobis gamo sxvebis msgavsad ureJimod 

vikvebebi quCaSi. amis gamo sagrZnoblad movimate wona. var 

depresiaSi. mudmivad ukmayofilo var Cemi TaviT da mTlianad 

Cemi cxovrebiT. mirCieT, ra vqna? rogorc miTxres, saukeTeso 

gamosavali fizikuri aqtivobaa, gansakuTrebiT curvaze 

siaruli. magram, gulaxdilad rom vTqva, mezareba amis 

gakeTeba, arada, darwmunebuli var, CemTvis sasurvel Sedegs 

male miviReb. 

adreul asakSi, rogorc zemoT iTqva, garkveulwilad 

gansxvavebul unarebze keTdeba aqcenti; magaliTad, am etapze 

SeuZlebelia, moviTxovoT bavSvisgan logikuri msjelobis 

srulyofileba, anda marTlwerisa da punqtuaciis wesebis dacva; 

Tumca, aucilebelia iseTi moTxovnebis dakmayofileba 

gamosacdelisgan, rogoricaa: 

1. wers Tu ara yvela asos; 

2. SeuZlia Tu ara teqstis gadawera; 

3. SeuZlia Tu ara sityvebisa da winadadebebis karnaxiT Cawera; 

4. SeuZlia Tu ara winadadebis konstruireba... 

momdevno etapze fasdeba Semdegi unarebi: 

adreuli wignierebis kvleva, egra, 2009 

asaxelebs punqtuaciis niSnebs da aRwers maT daniSnulebas; 

Segnebulad iyenebs gramatikis, orTografiis, punqtuaciis 

praqtikulad aucilebel minimums; wers naratiul/TxrobiT an 

aRweriT abzacs; wers argumentirebul eses struqturis dacviT, 

Tezisis CamoyalibebiT da argumentebis moSveliebiT... 

unda Sefasdes agreTve, ramdenad SeuZlia gamosacdels misTvis 

nacnob martiv Temebze azrobrivad gamarTuli teqstis dawera, unda 

SeeZlos sakuTari STabeWdilebebis da gamocdilebis gadmocema, 

sakuTari mosazrebis dasacavad argumentebisa da kontrargumentebis 

moyvana, movlenaTa Tanamimdevrobis logikurad gadmocema; mizezisa 

da miznis gadmocema; unda SeeZlos werilebis wera, romlebSic 

garkveulad aRwers movlenebisadmi pirad damokidebulebebs... yvela 

58


es moTxovna enis flobis doneTa gansxvavebul safexurebs 

ganekuTvneba da Sesabamisad, testi iRebs kriteriumze orientirebul 

xasiaTs _ zustad ganisazRvreba, Tu romel safexurze imyofeba 

gamosacdeli (A1, A2, B1, B2...). 

g. leqsika 

leqsika da gramatika, bunebrivia, enobriv unarebad ar 

ganixileba: yvela sametyvelo unar-Cvevis (laparaki, mosmena, kiTxva, 

wera...) ganviTarebisaTvis Semadgeneli komponentia leqsikuri maragis 

Sevseba da gramatikuli (rogorc morfologiuri, aseve sintaqsuri) 

struqturis aTviseba... am Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, Sefasebis 

mizani unda iyos ara mxolod imis Semowmeba, Tu ra odenobis 

leqsikuri maragi aqvT moswavleebs (amis Semowmeba, praqtikulad, 

SeuZlebelia), aramed imis Sefaseba, Tu ramdenad kargad floben 

isini kiTxvis, mosmenis Tu weris sxvadasxva strategias ucnobi 

leqsikuri erTeulebis mniSvnelobis gasagebad, anu ramdenad 

efeqturad iyeneben teqstze darTul sacnobaro aparats (leqsikons 

da sqolioebs...), aseve, ra saazrovno unarebs iyeneben maT amosacnobad 

– magaliTad, SeuZliaT Tu ara konteqstze dayrdnobiT ucnobi 

leqsikuri erTeulebis sworad gageba da aRqma. (enaTa flobis...(1), 

2008, gv. 178) 

Cveulebriv, leqsikuri maragis flobis Sesamowmeblad, 

sametyvelo qmedebebis im Tematuri sferoebidan iReben sityvebs 

(rasakvirvelia, SerCeviT), romelTa codnac aucilebelia ama Tu im 

konkretul doneze; magaliTad, A1 doneze sabanko saqmianobis an 

iurisprudenciis sferodan SerCeuli leqsikuri erTeulebis (miT 

umetes – terminebis) codnas ver movTxovT Semswavlels... gamoiyeneba 

Semdegi saxis testuri davalebebi: 

59


mravalwertilis nacvlad CasviT saTanado sityva: 

biZa, babua, deidaSvili - Cemi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . arian. 

weliwadis romeli dro modis gazafxulis Semdeg? 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

sad SeiZleba iyidoT: 

1. rveuli? ___________________________ 

2. msxali? ___________________________ 

4. Jurnali? ___________________________ 

5. sanTebela? ___________________________ 

6. tansacmeli? ___________________________ 

7. puri? ___________________________ 

8. Termometri? ___________________________ 

gaarkvieT sityvebis zogadi mniSvnelobebi: 

biWi, kaci, qali, gogo... (= adamiani); 

kata, ZaRli, Zroxa, cxvari... = 

WianWvela, qaTami, mgeli, adamiani... = 

qva, magida, rveuli, ezo... = 

ra ufro didia: 

qva Tu lodi? _ 

arwivi Tu bulbuli? 

daTvi Tu Tagvi? _ 

mze Tu dedamiwa? _ 

60


gaixsene sapirispiro mniSvnelobis mqone sityva: 

• dila _ (saRamo). 

• Rame _ ................................. 

• sinaTle _ ................................ 

• maRali _ ........................... 

winadadebaSi: `qalaqSi unda waxvide da wignebi Camoitano~ _ ra 

mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba sityva unda? 

d. gramatika 

a. gamoxatavs survils. 

b. gamoxatavs valdebulebas. 

g. gamoxatavs brZanebas. 

cnebaSi `gramatikuli kompetencia~ igulisxmeba enis gramatikuli 

saSualebebis codnisa da gamoyenebis unari. 

enis gramatika SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc principebis erTia- 

noba, romelic aqcevs elementebis erTobliobas Sinaarsis mqone wi- 

nadadebad. gramatikuli kompetencia iZleva kargad formulirebuli 

frazebiTa da winadadebebiT Sinaarsis gamoxatvisa da gagebis saSua- 

lebas. nebismieri enis gramatika am gagebiT aris metad amomwuravad 

damuSavebuli kompleqsuri erToblioba. kompetenciis gansasjeli ar 

aris, Tu romeli maTganis gamoyenebas miecema prioriteti. momxmare- 

beli unda waxalisdes, raTa mihyves Tavis arCevans da gamoiyenos 

praqtikaSi (enaTa flobis...(1), 2008, gv. 180). Cven aq SemovifarglebiT 

zogierTi parametriTa da kategoriiT, romelic farTodaa gamoyene- 

buli gramatikul aRwerilobaSi. 

61


enis gramatikuli wyobis aRwera gulisxmobs Semdeg cnebaTa 

konkretizacias: 

elementebi, mag.: 

kategoriebi, mag.: 

klasebi, mag.: 

struqturebi, mag.: 

procesebi, mag.: 

winadadebis wevrTa 

urTierTobis saxeebi, 

mag,: 

morfemebi, Zireuli morfemebi da afiqsebi, 

sityvebi. 

ricxvi, brunva, piri, konkretuli / abstraqtu- 

li, gardamavali / gardauvali, moqmedebiTi / 

vnebiTi gvari, dro, aspeqti... 

uRleba, bruneba, Ria leqsikuri klasebi: arse- 

biTi, zedsarTavi, zmna, zmnizeda.... 

rTuli da Sedgenili sityvebi, Sesityvebebi 

(zmnuri, saxeluri da a. S.), martivi winadadeba, 

rTuli winadadeba (rTuli Tanwyobili, rTuli 

qvewyobili). 

nominalizacia, afiqsacia, supletivizmi, gra- 

dacia, transpozicia, transformacia. 

marTva, SeTanxmeba, mirTva. 

gramatikis Seswavlis dros tradiciulad mijnaven 

morfologiasa da sintaqss. 

morfologia swavlobs sityvebis Sinagan organizebas, sityvaSi 

gamoiyofa: 

fuZe da Ziri; 

afiqsebi (prefiqsebi, sufiqsebi, infiqsebi). 

sityvaTwarmoeba: 

sityvebi SeiZleba dajgufdes Semdegnairad: 

martivi sityvebi (kac-i, wign-i...); 

rTuli sityvebi (Ziri+afiqsi, mag.: kac-ur-i, u-wign-ur-i...); 

Sedgenili sityvebi (Seicavs erT Zirze mets, mag.: de- 

da+ena=dedaena, ded-mama... ). 

morfologia aseve swavlobs formaTwarmoqmnis xerxebs. 

62


sintaqsis sagans warmoadgens winadadebaSi sityvaTa urTierTmi- 

marTeba elementebis, struqturebis, kategoriebis, klasebis, procese- 

bisa da urTierTobis saxeebis doneze. amasTanave, sintaqsi swavlobs 

winadadebaSi sityvaTa urTierTobebs garkveuli wesebis kompleqsis 

safuZvelze. ufrosi asakis enis matareblis sintaqsi sakmaod rTulia 

da maTi warmoqmna xdeba umetesad gaucnobiereblad. garkveuli Si- 

naarsis mqone winadadebis agebis unari udevs safuZvlad komunika- 

ciur kompetencias. 

63 

(enaTa flobis...(1), 2008, gv. 185). 

qvemoT warmodgenili cxrili aucilebelia gramatikuli sizus- 

tisaTvis. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom faqtobrivad SeuZlebelia ise- 

Ti universaluri cxrilis Sedgena, romelic gansazRvravs Semswav- 

lelis gramatikuli struqturis flobis dones. yvela enisaTvis am 

cxrils zogadi saxe aqvs da yvela enisaTvis specifikuri `ganSlaa~ 

aucilebeli: 

gramatikuli sizuste 

C2 

C1 

B2 

B1 

mudmivad inarCunebs gramatikuli sizustis maRal dones rTuli mety- 

velebis dros, im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca yuradReba ifanteba raRac mi- 

zezis gamo (magaliTad, momdevno gamonaTqvamebis dagegmvisas, sxvebis 

reaqciis monitoringis dros). 

mudmivad inarCunebs gramatikuli sizustis maRal dones, iSviaTad uS- 

vebs sxvebisaTvis SeumCnevel uzustobebs. 

gramatikuli kontrolis maRali donis Cveneba: winadadebis agebisas 

mcire xarvezebi, romelTa aRmofxvrac TviTonve SeuZlia. 

gramatikuli sizustis SedarebiT maRali done. Semswavleli ar uSvebs 

iseT Secdomebs, romlebic daamaxinjebs gamonaTqvamis azrs. 

nacnob situaciebSi metyvelebs sakmaod zustad, Tumca emCneva mSobli- 

uri enis gavlena. aqvs Secdomebi, magram gamonaTqvamis zogadi azri 

savsebiT naTelia. 

sakmaod kargad iyenebs garkveul standartul konstruqciebs winaswar 

gansazRvrul situaciebSi.

A2 

A1 


sworad iyenebs martiv gramatikul konstruqciebs, magram mudmivad uS- 

vebs tipur Secdomebs. magaliTad, ereva droebi, arasworad aformebs 

SeTanxmebas, Tumca gamonaTqvamis azri naTelia. 

SeuZlia dazepirebuli martivi konstruqciebisa da winadadebebis mod- 

elebis SezRuduli raodenobis gamoyeneba. 

64 

enaTa flobis...(1), 2008, gv. 186) 

mocemuli zogadi principebis gaTvaliswinebiT, unda moxdes 

Semswavlelis gramatikuli kompetenciis Sefaseba. amisaTvis ramdenime 

tipis testuri davaleba gamoiyeneba; nimuSis saxiT gTavazobT 

ramdenime magaliTs: 

romelia swori forma: 

a) bavSvma kari gaaRo da oTaxSi Sevida 

b) bavSvma kari gaaRo da oTaxSi gadavida 

g) bavSvma kari gaaRo da oTaxSi gamovida 

d) bavSvma kari gaaRo da oTaxSi wavida 

mocemuli formebidan CasviT winadadebaSi erT-erTi: 

1. ____________ saxlSi ar viqnebi (guSin / xval). 

2. ____________ Tavisufali var (guSin / dRes). 

3. ____________ TeatrSi kargi speqtaklia (dRes / guSin- 

win). 

4. ____________ diliT sad iqneba Seni Zma? (guSinwin / 

mazeg) 

5. ____________ maRaziaSi viyavi da kargi Sarvali 

viyide. (guSin / xval) 

CasviT formebi nimuSis mixedviT: 

1. nino (1987-1989) 1987 wlidan 1989 wlamde parizSi cxo- 

vrobda. 

2. maia (6-10saaTi) ______________________ CemTan iqneba. 

3. (samSabaTi _ xuSabaTi) ____________________ ar mcalia.


4. am skolaSi vswavlobdi (1990-1995) ___________________ 

5. (7 saaTi _ 9 saaTi) ______________ saxlSi ar viqnebi. 

CasviT saTanado daboloebebi sityvebis bolos: 

yvelani saxl... vbrundebiT; am adamian... yvela kargs 

ambobs; Teatr... dRes premieraa; saxurav... karlsoni 

dabinavda; am ambav... didxans vfiqrobdi; skola... mivdivar; 

Tixis... WurWeli keTdeba; saxlisa... wavedi. 

calke ganixileba orTografiisa da punqtuaciis 

sferoebi; rasakvirvelia, am mimarTulebiTac unda moxdes 

Semswavlelis Sefaseba: 

gaxazeT swori formebi: 

merabma, ramazim, levans, oTarma, nestanize, Tengiz! merabim, 

levanma, ramazize, Tamarim, eTeri! levan! eTerma, nodarim, 

ramazi! guramisTan, zaurma, daviT! Tamazze, baqarma, zurab! 

eldarisTan, nestanma, eTer! eldari! Temurma. 

CasviT gamotovebul adgilas: 

Sens gamo, Sen gamo, Sengamo. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . ver wavedi. 

CasviT sityvebi saTanado formaSi: 

1. wyalwaRebuli ___________ eWidebao. (xavsi) 

2. mweralma mravali moTxroba miuZRvna ______________ da 

_________________. (Tbilisi; quTaisi) 

3. __________ da qaosma qveyana ganadgurebamde miiyvana. (omi) 

4. am ______________ sasiamovno mogonebebi makavSirebs. (nivTi) 

5. ___________ yvela msurveli ver daitia. (gemi) 

65

gaasworeT Secdomebi: 


1. nuca manqanas akeTebiebs. _______________________________ 

2. man saxli cnobil dizainers daaproeqtebia. 

________________________________________________ 

3. eka paltos ninos akerinebs. 

__________________________________________ 

4. saCuqari dedam SearCevia. 

__________________________________________ 

5. mgzavrma mZRols avtobusi gaaCerebia. 

____________________________________________________ 

dasviT mZimeebi: 

1. lamazi gogoebi jinsis SarvlebSi gamowyobilebi un- 

iversitetSi movidnen. 

2. lukam saSinlad aRelvebulma da gafiTrebulma luk- 

mac ver gadaylapa. 

3. saba fiqrebSi garTuli tiroda. 

4. gogona dedis mkerdSi miyuCebuli ukve icinoda. 

5. bavSvebi SeSinebulni da dasvelebulni Sin dabrundnen. 

sazogadod, enis swavlebis maRal safexurebze ufro meti 

moTxovnaa gramatikuli aspeqtebis mimarT. mxolod gramatikul 

formaTa analizi aRar aris sakmarisi da gamosacdels moeTxoveba 

teqstis enis aRqma-gageba, rac gulisxmobs konkretuli tipis 

teqstisTvis damaxasiaTebeli gramatikuli konstruqciebis, avtorisa 

Tu personaJis enis, profesiuli leqsikis, Jargonis, dialeqturi 

formebisa da arqaizmebis amocnobasa da gagebas, aseve 

frazeologizmebisa da mxatvruli xerxebis amocnobas, maTi Sinaarsis 

aRqma-gagebas. 

teqstis enis gaanalizeba da Sefaseba - es aris wakiTxuli 

teqstis enobrivi analizi im enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebiT 

(mxatvruli saxeebi, specialuri leqsika, enobrivi konstruqciebi da 

66


sxv.), romlebic qmnian sxvadasxva Janris mxatvrul da aramxatvrul 

teqstebs. 

meore enis Sefasebisas teqstis enis analizis unari mxolod 

umaRles safexurebze (C1, C2) SeiZleba movTxovoT Semswavlels. am 

unarebis ganviTareba sakmaod maRali enobrivi kompetenciebis 

dauflebas gulisxmobs... 

67

3. TviTSefaseba 


rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, imisaTvis, rom moswavle SeeCvios saku- 

Tari pasuxis Semowmebas, Camouyalibdes Secdomis mimarT swori da- 

mokidebuleba, daZlios SiSi Secdomis winaSe, mas saSualeba unda 

mivceT, Tavad Seafasos sakuTari codna (unarebi). 

TviTSefaseba aris Semswavlelis mier enis flobis donis 

miseuli Sefaseba. 

gamokvlevaTa Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom Tu Sefaseba ar aris 

`sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisa~ (mag.: kursidan kursze gadasvla) 

TviTSefaseba SeiZleba gamodges, rogorc damatebiTi argumenti enis 

flobis obieqturi, srulyofili SefasebisTvis. TviTSefasebis 

obieqturoba miT ufro maRalia, rodesac eyrdnoba mkafiod aRweril 

indikatorebs, romlebic gansazRvraven enis flobis standartebs; 

Sefaseba iqneba ufro zusti, Tu Semswavlels àswavlian~ 

TviTSefasebas. aseTi struqturirebuli TviTSefaseba SeiZleba 

ukavSirdebodes maswavleblis Sefasebasa da testis Sefasebas. rac im 

SeTanxmebuli Sefasebis ekvivalenturia, romelic dadgenilia 

maswavlebelTa Soris testebisa da maswavleblis Sefasebis Soris 

(Tanxvedra-validuroba). 

magram TviTSefasebis mTavari amocanaa Semswavlelis motivaciis 

amaRleba da enis Seswavlisadmi misi Segnebuli damokidebuleba: is 

exmareba Semswavlels, Seafasos Tavisi Zlieri mxareebi, gaarkvios 

sakuTari sisusteebi da moaxdinos Tavisi saswavlo qmedebebis 

koreqcia. 

TviTSefasebis standartizaciis mizniT, Eevropis sabWom 

SeimuSava evropuli enobrivi portfolio (ELP), romlis meSveobiTac 

mTeli evropis masStabiT nebismieri asakisa da warmoSobis enis 

SemswavlelT SeuZliaT aRnusxon sakuTari enobrivi SesaZleblobani. 

68


portfolio personaluri dokumentia, romelsac flobs da re- 

gularulad ganaaxlebs Semswavleli. igi sami ganyofilebisagan Sed- 

geba: 

sapasporto ganyofileba, romelic aRnusxavs enobriv kvalifi- 

kacias da SesaZleblobebs (formaluri da araformaluri) 

saerTaSoriso doneze aRiarebuli saxiT; 

enobrivi da kulturuli biografiis ganyofileba, romelSic 

Semswavlelebs SeuZliaT aRweron enis codna da swavlisas mi- 

Rebuli STabeWdilebebi rac SeiZleba met enasTan mimarTebiT; 

dosie _ Semswavlelis mier gaweuli Sromis magaliTebis gan- 

saTavseblad, miznad isaxavs ra adamianTa motivirebas enebis 

Sesaswavlad, rogorc formaluri ganaTlebis farglebSi, ise 

mis gareT, portfolio xels Seuwyobs evropaSi mobiluroba- 

sac, radgan is naTlad aRnusxavs adamianis enobriv SesaZleb- 

lobebs, rac am ukanasknels mniSvnelovnad gamoadgeba samuSao 

ganacxadis Sevsebisas, romelime saganmanaTleblo dawesebule- 

baSi Sesvlisas da a.S. 

ELPportfolios nimuSebis akreditaciis wesebi SeTanxmda da akredi- 

taciaze pasuxismgeblobis asaRebad kulturuli TanamSromlobis 

sabWos ganaTlebis komitetis xelmZRvanelobiT Seiqmna evropis vali- 

daciis komiteti. portfolio amoqmedda 2001 _ èvropis enaTa~ wels. 

dResdReobiT aqtiurad ganixileba sakiTxi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi 

èvropuli enobrivi portfolios~ farTo danergvis Sesaxeb. enobrivi 

portfolio saSualebas miscems Semswavlels, daafiqsiros Tavisi 

gza mravalenovnebis misaRwevad da warmoaCinos Tavisi miRwevebi 

sxvadasxva enaSi. enobrivi portfolio mowodebulia imisTvis, rom 

Semswavlelma regularulad ganaxorcielos Sesaswavli enis flobis 

donis TviTSefaseba. imisaTvis, rom enobriv portfolioSi 

warmodgenili cnobebi sarwmunod iqnes miRebuli, is unda iyos 

Sevsebuli dafiqrebulad, yovelgvari orazrovnebis gamoricxviT. 

69


enobrivi portfolio aris Semswavlelis _ moswavlis an 

studentis sakuTreba. is Tan sdevs Semswavlels swavlis mTeli 

procesis ganmavlobaSi, Tundac manamde, sanam isini Seicvlian 

akademiur Tu saswavlo kurss. 

evropuli enobrivi portfolio momxmareblebs aZlevs Semdeg 

saSualebebs: 

Caiweros maTi yvela enobrivi unari da gamocdileba sxvadasxva 

enis gamoyenebaSi, sxva qveynebSi an danarCen regionebSi da im 

enaze metyvelebTan kontaqtebi, romlebic gansxvavdeba maTi 

mSobliuri enisagan (enebisagan) ise, rom SesaZlebeli iyos maTi 

wardgena mesame mxarisTvis; 

ganviTardes maTi enis swavlis avtonomiuroba, anu imaze fiqri, 

Tu rogor saqmianoben da swavliT rogor axdenen 

TviTSefasebas; 

mizanmimarTuli svla namdvili mravalenovnebisken. 

rogorc zemoT ukve iTqva, ènaTa flobis zogadevropuli 

kompetenciebi~ yofs doneebis skalas sxvadasxva enobrivi aqtivobis 

mixedviT: mosmena - kiTxva - wera - metyvelebiTi interaqtivi – zepiri 

warmoTqma. aqedan gamomdinare, Cven viRebT TviTSefasebis bades, 

romelic qvemoTaa mocemuli. am badis TiToeul blokSi ènaTa 

flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi~ warmoadgens gansazRvrebas, 

romelic gansxvavdeba sxva blokebis Sinaarsisgan vertikaluri 

RerZis gaswvriv gamoyenebuli enis aqtivobis tipis mixedviT da 

horizontaluri RerZis gaswvriv _ SeZenili kompetenciis doniT. amis 

gamo, moswavlis kompetenciis done SesaZlebelia dadgindes cal- 

calke TiToeul aqtivobaSi misi unaris mixedviT. magaliTad, erTi da 

igive pirovneba sakmaod obieqturad da bunebrivad SeiZleba Sefasdes 

A2 doneze wakiTxulis gagebaSi (recefciuli unari) da A1 doneze _ 

weriT gamoxatvaSi (producirebis unari, romelic droSi, rogorc 

wesi, misdevs recefciul unarebs) qarTul (meore) enaSi... 

70


swavlis sxvadasxva tipebis, piradi saqmianobebis Tu 

samsaxurebis moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad moswavleebma an 

studentebma SesaZlebelia gadawyviton, koncentracia moaxdinon erT 

enobriv aqtivobaze, vidre meoreze da, amgvarad, gamoavlinon sakmao 

disbalansi gagebis (recefciis) Tu producirebis miRweul doneebs 

Soris, iqneba es zepiri Tu weriTi. sxvadasxva enobriv aqtivobaSi 

kompetenciis doneebs Soris disbalansi bunebrivad unda miviRoT. es 

asimetria ar aris dabrkoleba, aramed SesaZlebelia swavlis biZgad 

iqces. swavlebis Tanamimdevrobebi metad mravalricxovania, kerZod, 

lingvistur kvalificiurobaSi gansxvavebebi imas Soris, Tu ra aris 

aucilebeli gagebisTvis da ra aris aucilebeli producirebisaTvis. 

TviTSefasebis badis wyalobiT xuT sxvadasxva sakomunikacio 

aqtivobaSi amJamad enis Semswavlelebs aqvT arsebuli realobis 

zustad Caweris saSualeba: 

e n i s g a g e b a 

audireba 

A1 A2 B1 

me SemiZlia im 

nacnobi sityvebisa 

da martivi 

frazebis gageba, 

rac me, Cems 

ojaxs da Cems 

axlo garemocvas 

exeba, roca adamianebilaparakoben 

nela da 

mkafiod. 

me SemiZlia calkeuli 

frazebisa 

da xSirad xmarebuli 

sityvebis 

gageba im gamonaTqvamebSi,romlebic 

CemTvis 

saintereso Temebs 

exeba (mag. ZiriTadi 

informacia 

sakuTari Tavis, 

ojaxis, sacxovrebeli 

adgilis, 

samuSaos Sesaxeb). 

me SemiZlia imis 

gageba, Tu razea 

saubari mokle 

martiv, mkafiod 

naTqvam Setyobinebebsa 

da gancxadebebSi. 

71 

me SemiZlia gavigo 

naTeli, standartulimetyvelebis 

mTavari 

azri, romelic 

regularulad 

mesmis samsaxurSi, 

skolaSi, dasvenebis 

periodSi da 

a. S. aseve SemiZlia 

radio da tele 

programebSi 

Cems pirad da 

profesiul interesebTan 

dakav- 

Sirebuli Tu 

mimdinare sakiTxebis 

mTavari azris 

gageba, rodesac 

gadacema mimdinareobsSedarebiT 

nela da

m e t y v e l e b a 


wakiTxva me SemiZlia gancxadebebSi,plakatebsa 

an katalogebSi 

nacnobi 

saxelebis, sityvebisa 

da Zalian 

martivi winadadebebis 

gageba. 

dialogi me SemiZlia martivi 

dialogi 

pirovnebasTan, 

Tu is Cemi TxovniT 

gai-meorebs 

Tavis naTqvams, 

an Camo-ayalibebs 

mas ufro neli 

tempiT da damexmareba 

Cemi saTqmelisformulirebaSi. 

me SemiZlia 

martivi 

SekiTxvis dasma 

da pasuxis gacema 

CemTvis nacnobi 

an saintereso 

Temebis 

farglebSi 

monologi me SemiZlia martiviwinadadebebisa 

da frazebis 

gamoyenebiT 

movyve CemTvis 

nacnobi adamianebis 

an Cemi 

sacxovrebeli 

me SemiZlia Zalian 

mokle teqstebis 

gageba. me SemiZliayoveldRiuriurTierTobisas 

martivi, konkretuli, 

advilad 

misaxvedri informaciis 

povna: reklamaSi, 

meniuSi, 

ganrigebSi. me SemiZlia 

kerZo xasiaTis 

werilebis 

gageba 

me SemiZlia urTierToba 

martiv, 

tipobriv situaciebSi, 

sadac momeTxoveba 

CemTvis 

nacnobi Temebisa 

da saqmianobis 

farglebSi informaciis 

uSualo 

gacvla. me SemiZlia 

Caveba Zalian 

mokle saubarSi 

socialur Temebze 

da maSinac ki 

yvelafers ver 

gavigeb ise, rom 

damoukideblad 

warvmarTo dialogi. 

me SemiZlia 

ubralo frazebi- 

Ta da winadadebebiT 

movyve Cemi 

ojaxisa da sxva 

xalxis, cxovrebis 

pirobebisa da 

swavlis, amJamin- 

72 

mkafiod. 

me SemiZlia yoveldRiuri 

da 

profesiuli ur- 

TierTobebis enobriv 

masalaze 

agebuli teqstis 

gageba. me SemiZlia 

kerZo xasia- 

Tis werilebSi 

aRwerili movlenebis, 

grZnobebisa 

da survilebis 

gageba 

me SemiZlia im 

mravalgvar situaciaSi 

urTier- 

Toba, romelic 

warmoiSoba Sesaswavli 

enis qveyanaSi 

yofnisas. 

me SemiZlia moumzadeblad 

miviRo 

monawileoba dialogebSi 

CemTvis 

nacnob / saintereso 

Temebze (mag. 

òjaxi~, `hobi~, 

`samsaxuri~, `mogzauroba~,`mimdinare 

movlenebi~). 

me SemiZlia martivisaSualebebiT 

erTmaneTs 

daukavSiro frazebi, 

rom aRvwero 

piradi StabeWdilebebi 

da 

movlenebi, movyve

w e r a 


adgilis Sesaxeb. deli da Zveli 

samsaxuris Sesaxeb. 

wera me SemiZlia misaloci 

baraTebis 

wera, formularebis 

Sevseba, 

sastumros saregistraciofurcelSi 

gvaris, 

erovnebis, misamarTis 

Setana. 

me SemiZlia mokle 

SetyobinebaTa da 

baraTebis wera. me 

SemiZlia martivi 

piradi xasiaTis 

werilis dawera 

(mag. vinmes mimarT 

madlierebis 

grZnobis gamoxatva). 

73 

Cemi ocnebebis, 

imedebisa da survilebis 

Sesaxeb. 

me SemiZlia 

mokled avxsna da 

davasabuTo Cemi 

Sexedulebebi da 

gegmebi. me SemiZlia 

ambis moyola 

da wignis an 

filmis Sinaarsis 

gadmocema da mis 

mimarT Cemi damokidebulebisgamoxatva. 

me SemiZlia CemTvis 

nacnob an 

saintereso Temebze 

martivi 

gabmuli teqstis 

dawera. me SemiZlia 

kerZo xasia- 

Tis werilis dawera, 

romelSic 

Cems gancdebsa da 

StabeWdilebebzea 

saubari. 

qarTuli enisaTvis enobrivi portfolio 2011 wels Seiqmna. 

wesisamebr, igi 3 nawilisgan Sedgeba da efuZneba zogadevropul 

standartebs. gTvazobT amonarids am portfoliodan (srulad ix. 

evropuli enobrivi portfolio, Tbilisi, `saimedo~, 2011):


T v i T S e f a s e b a 

(aramSobliuri enebis Cemeuli Sefaseba) 

74 

danarTi 1 

`Cemi unarebi~ 

qvemoT moTavsebuli TiToeuli cxrili gankuTvnilia Seni 

unarebis gamosavlenad im aramSobliur enebSi, romlebsac 

swavlob. maT SefasebaSi dagexmareba TviTSefasebis tabula. 

ena ---------------------------------------------- 

TariRi --------------------------------------- 

roca vismen 

roca vsaubrob 

roca vkiTxulob 

me SemiZlia davwero 

enis gasaRebi 

A 1 

Cemi unarebi 

enis safuZveli 

A 2 

zRvruli done 

B 1


Mmosmena 

enis gasaRebi 

A 1 

75 


`Cemi enobrivi biografia~ 

me SemiZlia calkeuli sityvebisa da winadadebebis gageba moTxrobebsa 

da zRaprebSi. 

me SemiZlia martivi sabavSvo leqsebisa da simRerebis gageba. 

me SemiZlia gavigo pirovnebis saxeli, gvari da misamarTi. 

me SemiZlia martivi Txovnis gageba. 

me SemiZlia warmoTqmuli saxelebis, gvarebis, ricxvebis, saaTis 

gageba. 

me SemiZlia martivi Txovnis, SekiTxvis gageba, Tu melaparakebian 

nela. 

me SemiZlia martivi brZanebis gageba da misi Sesruleba. 

me SemiZlia gavigo, roca mekiTxebian Cems vinaobas da misamarTs. 

me aseve SemiZlia ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


76 


`Cemi dosie~ 

Caawyve saqaRaldeSi yovelive is, ris Senaxva da sxvebisTvis 

Cveneba ginda. es SeiZleba iyos: 

_ SenTvis saintereso suraTebi, romlebsac warwerebi aqvs 

SenTvis meore an ucxo enaze. 

_ weriTi davalebebi. 

_ Sesworebuli da Sefasebuli sakontrolo samuSaoebi. 

_ sakuTari metyvelebis magnitofiri an CD. 

_ da ase Semdeg... 

Sen SegiZlia mudmivad Seavso es saqaRalde axali masaliT.


maswavleblis gverdi 

77 


moswavle ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Sesaswavli ena /enebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

sagnebi, romlebic iswavleba aramSobliur enaze ------------------------- 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

enis flobis donis Sefaseba: moswavlis warmatebebis mokle 

daxasiaTeba 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

maswavleblis xelmowera ------------------------------------------------------------------ 

moswavle ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Sesaswavli ena /enebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

sagnebi, romlebic iswavleba aramSobliur enaze ------------------------- 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

enis flobis donis Sefaseba: moswavlis warmatebebis mokle 

daxasiaTeba 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tavi 3 

testirebis mniSvneloba 


meore enis swavlebis procesSi 

Sesavali 

testireba Sefasebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi formaa. ganaTle- 

bis sxvadasxva safexurze testireba gamoiyeneba, rogorc codnisa da 

unarebis Sefasebis erT-erTi obieqturi da SedarebiT swrafad 

ganxorcielebadi meTodi. 

testirebis instruments testi warmoadgens. 

ra aris testi? 

testi (test) inglisuri sityvaa da niSnavs gasinjvas, gamocdas, 

Semowmebas. testi specialuri kvlevis meTodia, romelic uzrunvel- 

yofs adamianTa codnis, SesaZleblobebisa da unar-Cvevebis obieqtur, 

swraf da sando Sefasebas. testi _ es aris sazomi instrumenti, ro- 

melic mecnierul meTodologias efuZneba. testis Seqmnisa da anali- 

zis Teorias Seiswavlis mecnierebis specialuri dargi, romelsac 

fsiqometrika ewodeba. 

testis, rogorc sazomi instrumentis umniSvnelovanesi cnebebia 

validoba, sandooba, aratendenciuroba _ maT xSirad testis ganzo- 

milebebsac uwodeben. 

Cveulebriv, testi Sedgeba amocanebisa da kiTxvebisgan, romleb- 

sac testur davalebebs an testur kiTxvebs uwodeben. magram testi 

ar aris testuri davalebebis (kiTxvebis) ubralo nakrebi, igi mec- 

nieruli meTodologiis safuZvelze garkveuli wesebiT Sedgenili 

instrumentia, sadac TiToeul testur davalebas an davalebaTa 

jgufs Tavisi gansazRvruli funqcia aqvs. amavdroulad, testSi ga- 

moyenebuli yoveli testuri davaleba garkveul kriteriumebs unda 

78


akmayofilebdes. amitom testis Sedgena sakmaod rTuli da Sromate- 

vadi procesia. am process testuri davalebebis Sedgenas uwodeben. 

mecnierebaSi cnobilia testis Sedgenis sxvadasxva teqnika, Tumca yo- 

veli maTgani aucileblad moicavs ramdenime mniSvnelovan etaps. ese- 

nia: testis miznis da amocanis gansazRvra, Sesafasebeli codnis da 

unarebis gansazRvra, testis specifikaciis Sedgena, testSi testuri 

davalebebis tipebis balansis dadgena, testuri davalebebis Sedgena, 

testuri davalebebis empiriuli gamocda da testis konstruireba. 

TiToeuli es etapi, Tavis mxriv, moicavs araerT safexurs da swored 

amitom, Cveulebriv, testis Seqmnaze specialistTa sakmaod didi jgu- 

fi muSaobs, romelic Sedgeba fsiqometrikosebis, sagnobrivi da tes- 

turi davalebebis specialistebis, ganviTarebis, kognituri fsiqo- 

logiisa da sxv. specialistebisgan. 

testis Sedgenisas pirvel rigSi Zalian mkafiod unda iyos gan- 

sazRvruli testis saboloo mizani. zustad unda ganisazRvros, Tu 

ris garkveva gvsurs moswavlis codnisa da unarebis Sesaxeb. mniSvne- 

lovania gvaxsovdes, rom, testirebis mizans ar warmoadgens moswav- 

lis `gamoWera~, aramed imis aRnusxva, Tu ra codna da unarebi aqvs 

moswavles an ra aiTvisa man swavlis procesSi (testuri davalebebis 

Seqmnis xelovneba, 2009 gv. 4). 

sazogadod, testirebis miznebi SeiZleba iyos: aTvisebuli 

codnis Sefaseba; qveyanaSi, regionSi, raionSi an romelime konkretul 

skolaSi arsebuli codnis donis dadgena garkveul sagansa Tu gark- 

veul klasSi; swavlasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebis diagnostireba, 

enis flobis sertifikatis miniWeba da a.S. rogoric ar unda iyos 

testirebis mizani, igi yovelTvis moicavs arsebuli saganmanaTle- 

blo sistemis sxvadasxva komponentsa da aspeqtebs da maTs mimarTebas 

moswavleTa testirebis SedegebTan. testirebis miznebidan gamomdina- 

re unda ganisazRvros, Tu ra codnisa da unarebis Sefaseba gvinda 

(am sakiTxebze qvemoT specialurad SevCerdebiT) da mxolod amis 

Semdeg xdeba testuri davalebebis (kiTxvebis) Seqmnaze muSaoba. 

79


testi Sedgeba testuri davalebebisgan, romlebic swavlis 

procesis sxvadasxva komponents, unarebsa da codnas zomavs. testuri 

davaleba ar aris ubralod SekiTxva, iseTi, rogoric maswavlebelma 

SeiZleba dasvas klasSi gakveTilis msvlelobisas an moswavlis gamo- 

kiTxvisas. Tumca testis rveulSi (an bukletSi), romelsac moswavle 

avsebs, testuri davaleba kiTxvis saxiT SeiZleba iyos warmodgenili, 

magram is unda iyos Zalian mkafiod da araorazrovnad Camoyalibe- 

buli da, amavdroulad, winaswar unda arsebobdes am kiTxvis SesaZlo 

pasuxebis Sefasebis zusti, sando da obieqturi kriteriumebi. Tu 

testuri davalebis SesaZlo pasuxebi da maTi Sefasebis kriteriumebi 

ar aris mkafiod gansazRvruli, maSin igi testur davalebad ver 

CaiTvleba, radgan araerTgvarovani interpretaciis SesaZleblobas 

iZleva sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva Semfaseblis mxridan. 

SesaZlebelia, testuri davaleba arc iyos kiTxvis saxiT war- 

modgenili da moswavles moeTxovebodes konkretuli amocanis an da- 

valebis Sesruleba, romelic testis an testuri davalebis instruq- 

ciaSia mocemuli. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom TiToeuli testuri da- 

valeba specifikur mizans emsaxureba da, Sesabamisad, damoukideblad 

funqcionirebs. kargi testis aucilebeli pirobaa yoveli davalebis 

uSecdomod da gamarTulad Camoyalibeba. Tumca es imas ar niSnavs, 

rom Tu erTi testuri davaleba xarveziania, mTlianad testis Sedege- 

bi eWvqveS unda dadges, radgan saboloo qulasTan mimarTebiT, TiTo- 

euli testuri davaleba damoukidebelia. 

maswavleblebi xSirad svamen xolme kiTxvas: romeli testia 

ukeTesi da aris Tu ara romelime konkretuli testi saukeTeso. pa- 

suxi martivia: idealuri testi, romelic yvela miznisTvis iqneba va- 

liduri da sando (da, Sesabamisad, mogvcems obieqtur da zust Sede- 

gebs) ar arsebobs, radgan erTi testi SeiZleba iyos sruliad adekva- 

turi erTi garkveuli miznisTvis da sruliad aravaliduri sxva 

SemTxvevaSi. swored amitom, rogorc zemoT iTqva, sanam testis kons- 

truireba daiwyeba, naTlad unda iyos gansazRvruli, Tu ra mizne- 

80


bisTvis iqmneba testi. SeiZleba CamovTvaloT sruliad sxvadasxva mi- 

zani, romelsac SeiZleba emsaxurebodes enis testi. mag.: 

gazomo da Seafaso enobrivi daxelovneba im kursebTan mimar- 

TebiT, romlis aRebac (SemdgomSi swavlac) mouwevs moswavles. 

Seafaso, rogoria moswavleTa warmateba kursis daZlevaSi; 

gansazRvro moswavleTa susti da Zlieri mxareebi; 

gansazRvro enis flobis is safexuri an programis is etapi, 

romelic yvelaze metad ergeba moswavlis SesaZleblobebs da 

sxv (hagersi, 1992, gv. 7). 

mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom yoveli situacia, romelSic xdeba 

testireba, misi miznebidan da amocanebidan gamomdinare, garkveulwi- 

lad unikaluria. amitom yoveli axali situaciisTvis saWiroa Sesaty- 

visi da am situaciaze morgebuli sazomi instrumentis - testis Sed- 

gena. 

81

1. testebis kategoriebi 


Cven xSirad gvsmenia moswavleebisgan, rom maT CautardaT testi 

da umaRlesi qula miiRes an piriqiT, Zalian dabali qula miiRes. 

SegviZlia Tu ara am informaciaze dayrdnobiT vimsjeloT am mos- 

wavleebis enis flobis doneze? cxadia ara, radgan Cven mxolod is 

viciT, rom garkveul klasSi moswavleTa erTi nawili ukeT flobs 

enas (an, ufro sworad, ukeT flobs im masalas, romelic testSi iyo 

gamoyenebuli), vidre - meore nawili. magram Cven ar viciT, Tu ra icis 

an ra unarebi aqvs testSi saukeTeso, saSualo an dabali qulis 

mflobels. amgvarad, am informaciaze dayrdnobiT Cven mxolod imaze 

SegviZlia vimsjeloT, Tu romeli moswavle romels sjobs am klasSi 

enis flobis TvalsazrisiT, magram verafers vityviT maTi enis flo- 

bis doneze. 

testirebis Sedegad TiToeuli moswavle garkveul qulas iRebs. 

es qulebi TavisTavad aranairi informaciis matarebeli ar aris. isi- 

ni azrs iZenen mxolod maSin, roca xdeba maTi analizi. kerZod ki _ 

maTi interpretacia (Sefaseba) sxva moswavleebis mier miRebul qu- 

lebTan mimarTebiT, an codnis an unarebis raime dadgenil standart- 

Tan mimarTebiT. testis Sedegebis interpretaciis pirveli midgomis 

mixedviT, moswavlis mier testSi miRebuli qulis Sedareba xdeba im 

moswavleTa qulebTan, visac igive testi Cautarda, xolo meore mid- 

gomis mixedviT _ enis flobis garkveul standartTan an daxelovne- 

bis dadgenil fiqsirebul donesTan. pirvel midgomas normaze orien- 

tirebul Sedarebas uwodeben, radgan testis qulebis interpretacia 

xdeba garkveuli jgufis monacemebTan mimarTebiT da moswavlis qula 

mniSvnelobas iZens imisda mixedviT, Tu rogoria igi sxva moswavle- 

ebTan SedarebiT. meore midgomas kriteriumze orientirebuli Seda- 

reba hqvia, radgan moswavlis testuri qula ganixileba enis flobis 

82


donis standartTan mimarTebiT da dgindeba, ramdenad aRwevs igi am 

standarts (vulfolki, 2007, gv. 521). 

rogorc zemoT iTqva (ix. zemoT, gv. 8), arsebobs normasa da 

kriteriumebze orientirebuli Sefaseba; Sesabamisad, testirebis dro- 

sac, Sefasebis testis qulebis interpretaciis ori ZiriTadi midgoma 

ganixileba _ normaze orientirebuli da kriteriumze orientirebuli. 

normasTan Sedarebaze dafuZnebuli testebi: normaze orienti- 

rebul testirebaSi konkretuli individis maCveneblis mniSvneloba 

ganisazRvreba normasTan - konkretuli jgufisTvis testis Sesrule- 

bis tipur donesTan, mimarTebiT. am dros xdeba testirebaSi monawile 

moswavlis swori pasuxebis raodenobis (misi qulis) Sedareba testi- 

rebaSi monawile jgufis saSualo qulasTan, dgindeba misi qula 

jgufis saSualo qulaze maRalia, dabali, Tu Tanabaria da am gziT 

ganisazRvreba moswavlis miRwevis done. 

arsebobs normaluri jgufebis (Sesadarebeli jgufebi) sami Zi- 

riTadi tipi: klasi an skola, raioni da zogadad nacionaluri mo- 

deli (vulfolki 2007, gv. 523). roca testireba klasSi mimdinareobs 

da masSi yvela moswavle monawileobs, maSin normatiuli jgufi kla- 

sia. magram roca testireba raionis an mTeli qveynis masStabiT mimdi- 

nareobs, am SemTxvevaSi yvela moswavle ki ar monawileobs gamokvle- 

vaSi, aramed maTi garkveuli nawili. moswavleTa SerCevis gakeTeba 

xorcieldeba specialuri mecnieruli meTodologiis safuZvelze, 

romelzec aq ar SevCerdebiT, Tumca aRvniSnavT: mniSvnelovania, rom, 

garda moswavleTa sakmarisi raodenobisa, SerCeva moicavdes yvela im 

socialuri fenisa Tu eTnikurobis adamians, romelic am raionsa Tu 

qveyanaSi cxovrobs. aseve mniSvnelovania, rom normatiuli jgufi ar 

iyos dakompleqtebuli mxolod e.w. “Zlieri” an “susti” moswavleebiT 

(slavini, 2006, gv. 506). 

normaze orientirebul testebi gansakuTrebiT gamosadegia iseT 

SemTxvevebSi, roca xdeba saukeTeso moswavleTa seleqcia garkveul 

83


programaSi CasarTvelad (mag., klasSi saukeTesoTa gamovlena dajil- 

doebis mizniT, an garkveul saswavlebelSi Casaricxad) an swavlebis 

sxvadasxva meTodis Sedegad, moswavleTa miRwevis Sesafaseblad. 

Tumca, roca normaze orientirebul testirebas viyenebT, unda gvax- 

sovdes, rom moswavlis Sedegi interpretirebulia normatiul jguf- 

Tan mimarTebiT da, aqedan gamomdinare, misi qula (adgili Sefasebis 

skalaze) damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogoria normatiuli jgufis sa- 

erTo done. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, moswavle SeiZleba iyos saukeTeso 

e. w. “sust” klasSi, magram igive moswavle SeiZleba Zalian “susti” 

aRmoCndes e. w. “Zlier” klasSi. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom nor- 

maze orientirebuli testebiT Cven SegviZlia davadginoT, ramdenad 

ufro meti (an maRali) kompetencia aqvs moswavles enaSi sxvebTan mi- 

marTebiT, magram Znelia imis dadgena, Tu ra icis man da ra SeuZlia. 

magaliTad, imis codna, rom mosmenis unarebis Semmowmebel testSi 

moswavle yvelaze warmatebulTa sam procentSia, ar niSnavs imas, rom 

mas ar uWirs es ukanaskneli, radgan klasSi yvela moswavles SeiZle- 

ba uWirdes mosmenilis gageba. 

am xarvezis dasaZlevad, Cveulebriv, normaze orientirebuli 

testebis momzadeba moswavleTa mier gavlili saswavlo programis 

gaTvaliswinebiT xdeba (hagersi (1992, gv. 17). amitom mniSvnelovania, 

rom testis Sedgenisas gaviTvaliswinoT, rom saswavlo programaSi 

Setanili Temebis balansi emTxveodes maT balanss Seqmnil testSi. 

kriteriumTan Sedarebaze dafuZnebuli testebi: kriteriumze 

orientirebuli testebis mizania, moaxdinos moswavleTa klasifikacia 

imis mixedviT SeuZliaT Tu ara maT garkveul amocanaTa an amocanaTa 

simravlis damakmayofileblad gadawyveta. sxva gansazRvrebiT, kri- 

teriumze orientirebuli testirebis dros moswavlis Sedegis Seda- 

reba xdeba profesionalebis mier dadgenil garkveul kriteriumTan 

an standartebTan (hagersi, 1992, gv. 19). kriteriumze orientirebuli 

testirebis mizani ar aris moswavlis qulebis Sedareba klasis, sko- 

84


lis, raionis an Tundac qveynis masStabiT. misi mizania imis garkveva, 

Tu ramdenad aRwevis misi codnisa da unarebis done garkveul dawe- 

sebul zRvars. am zRvars xSirad minimalur standartsac uwodeben. 

amgvarad, SesaZlebelia romelime moswavle iyos klasSi saukeTeso 

qarTulis, rogorc meore enis testis mixedviT, magram misi kompeten- 

ciac ar iyos sakmarisi imisTvis, rom man Tavi gaarTvas umaRles sas- 

wavlebelSi qarTul enaze swavlas. amitom kriteriumze orientire- 

buli testebis gamoyeneba marTebulia maSin, roca konkretuli mos- 

wavlis (enis Semswavlelis) garkveuli codnisa da unarebis gazomva 

gvinda, mag., kiTxvis unaris gazomva. 

kriteriumze orientirebuli testis minimaluri zRvari SesaZ- 

lebelia iyos testur davalebaTa 80%-is an metis sworad gadawyveta. 

aseT SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ar aqvs, moswavlem testur davalebaTa 

60% gaakeTa sworad Tu 70%, radgan orive SemTxvevaSi man ver daa- 

grova gamsvleli qula, anu ver gadalaxa codnisa da unarebis is mi- 

nimaluri zRvari, romelic testSi mocemul testur davalebaTa mini- 

mum 80%-is sworad gakeTebiT iyo SemosazRvruli. kriteriumze 

orientirebuli testebis saukeTeso magaliTia enis flobis saserti- 

fikacio testebi, radgan enis flobis garkveuli donis sertifikats 

aZleven ara imaSi, rom enis Semswavleli testirebaSi monawile 

jgufSi mag., saukeTesoTa 3%-Sia an Tundac yvelaze kargi qula aqvs, 

aramed imaSi, rom misi enobrivi kompetenciis done akmayofilebs 

garkveul winaswar dadgenil standarts. amitom sruliad mosalod- 

nelia, rom sasertifikacio testSi erT romelime jgufSi veravin ver 

miiRos sertifikati, Tumca maTi enis flobis done erTmaneTisgan 

gansxvavebuli iyos. 

normaze da kriteriumze orientirebuli testirebas, iseve, ro- 

gorc normasa da kriteriumze orientirebul Sedarebas Soris gansx- 

vavebis arcodnam SeiZleba SecdomaSi Seiyvanos, rogorc maswavlebe- 

li, aseve moswavlec da mSobelic. SesaZlebelia. maswavlebeli eub- 

nebodes mSobels, rom misi Svili saukeTesoa klasSi da amitom igi 

85


darwmunebuli iyos, rom bavSvma kargad icis qarTuli ena. magram ro- 

gorc zemoT davrwmundiT, mxolod jgufSi saukeTesos adgili ar 

aris sakmarisi misi codnisa da unarebis Sesaxeb daskvnis gamosata- 

nad. am SemTxvevaSi mSoblisTvis ufro mniSvnelovania imis codna Tu 

ra icis da ra ara anu konkretulad ra unarebi an flobis ra done 

aqvs mis Svils enaSi (vulfolki, 2007, gv. 524). 

bunebrivad ismis kiTxva, romeli Sedarebaa ukeTesi, kriterium- 

ze orientirebuli Tu normaze? am kiTxvaze ar arsebobs erTmniSvne- 

lovani pasuxi, radgan orive tipis testireba mniSvnelovania, gaaCnia, 

ra aris testirebis mizani. saswavlo procesis saboloo miznebidan 

gamomdinare, kriteriumze orientirebuli testireba Zalze mniSvne- 

lovania, magram isic cxadia, rom klasis, skolis, raionis an Tundac 

qveynis masStabiT saswavlo procesis da, saerTod, ganaTlebis poli- 

tikis dasagegmad metad mniSvnelovania vicodeT, rogoria Cveni Sede- 

gebi sxvebTan mimarTebiT. 

obieqturi testi: testebis daxasiaTebisas termini "obieqturi" 

xSirad gamoiyeneba. Cveulebriv, am termins xmaroben imis aRsaniSnad, 

rom testis Sefaseba ar aris damokidebuli Semfaseblis subieqturo- 

baze, mis ganwyobebze, gemovnebaze an Tundac Sinagan standartebze. am 

TvalsazrisiT obieqturi testis saukeTeso magaliTia arCeviTpa- 

suxiani testuri davalebebis Semcveli testebi, sadac moswavlis 

mier testSi miRebuli qula sruliad ar aris damokidebuli Semfase- 

blis kriteriumze an mis xedvaze. amas uzrunvelyofs testuri dava- 

lebebis winaswar gansazRvruli swori pasuxebi anu gasaRebebi (ege- 

ni, koCaki, 2006, gv. 528). am TvalsazrisiT, e.w. Ria testuri davalebebi, 

rogoricaa, mag., gavrcobilpasuxiani testuri davaleba an ese gaci- 

lebiT ufro subieqturia, Tumca, am SemTxvevaSic testis Semqmnelebi 

winaswar adgenen testuri davalebis Sefasebis kriteriumebs anu ru- 

brikas, romelsac unda daeyrdnos Semfasebeli testis gasworebisas. 

86


obieqturobis gasazrdelad, aseT testur davalebebs ramdenime Sem- 

fasebeli asworebs. 

Tumca termini obieqturi testi xSirad dakavSirebulia mis 

aratendenciurobasa da aradiskriminaciulobasTanac da es sakiTxebi 

qvemoT ufro detalurad iqneba ganxiluli (ena, testireba, Sefaseba..., 

2008, gv. 211; bekeri 2008). 

standartizebuli testebi: termini `standartizebuli~ ingli- 

suri sityvidan "standart" momdinareobs da standartuls, tipurs niS- 

navs. testis SemTxvevaSi igi gamoiyeneba testis unificirebis, misi 

Catarebisa da Sefasebis erTgvarovani normativebis aRsaniSnad. ufro 

zustad, standartizebuli testi - es aris testi, romelic Sedgeni- 

lia standartuli procedurebis dacviT, misi Catareba xdeba erTsa 

da imave pirobebSi, instruqtaJi da monacemTa Segrovebis blankebi 

standartulia da Sefasebis / Sedegebis interpretirebis sistema uni- 

ficirebulia (burlaCuki, 2008, gv. 426). standartizebuli testebis 

kargi magaliTia testebi, romelTac saxelmwifo iyenebs umaRles sas- 

wavlebelSi misaReb saerTo erovnul gamocdebze an erovnuli Sefa- 

sebis dros moswavleTa akademiuri moswrebis donis dasadgenad. 

Tumca, termins "standartizacia" sxva mniSvnelobiTac iyeneben. 

testSi miRebul qulaTa raodenobrivi maCveneblebi gadaiyvaneba 

skalaze, romelic gviCvenebs mocemuli qulis adgils sxva monawi- 

leebis mier miRebul qulaTa Soris. aseT maCveneblebs standartul 

qulebs uwodeben. swored aseTi qulebis saSualebiT SegviZlia ganv- 

sazRvroT monawilis mier testSi miRebuli qulis namdvili mniSvne- 

loba an gavakeToT daskvna imis Taobaze, ramdenad maRalia es qula 

sxvebTan SedarebiT (anastazi, urbina, 2007, gv. 71; egeni, koCaki, 2006, 

gv. 522). 

daxelovnebis testebi: daxelovnebis testebis mizania, gazomos 

moswavleTa unarebi enaSi miuxedavad imisa, Tu ra kursebi an momza- 

deba gaiara man am enaSi. Sesabamisad, daxelovnebis testebis Sinaarsi 

87


ar aris dafuZnebuli enis romelime konkretuli kursis Sinaarsze an 

amocanebze. igi dafuZnebulia im unarebsa da codnaze, romelsac igi 

unda flobdes imisTvis, rom CaiTvalos enaSi daxelovnebulad. ra 

Tqma unda, es ukanaskneli aucileblad moicavs imis ganmartebas, Tu 

ras vuwodebT Cven daxelovnebuls. Cveulebriv, daxelovnebuls gan- 

sazRvraven garkveul mizanTan mimarTebiT, anu, sxvagvarad rom 

vTqvaT, es niSnavs imas, rom moswavles aqvs garkveuli miznisTvis 

sakmarisi enobrivi codna da unarebi. 

mag., daxelovnebis testis mizani SeiZleba iyos gavarkvioT, 

ramdenad SeuZlia moswavles an enaze umaRles saswavlebelSi swav- 

lis gagrZeleba, an kidev _ ramdenad SeZlebs igi raime profesiuli 

kursis aTvisebas am enaze (swored am tipis testireba tardeba gana- 

Tlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier 2010 wlidan warmoebuli 

`saSeRavaTo plitikis~ farglebSi, romelic araqarTulenovan stu- 

dentebs qarTuli enis Semswavlel 1-wlian kursebs sTavazobs). amave 

tipis testebiT xdeba imis garkveva, Tu ramdenad SeZlebs igi mag., 

Tarjimnad muSaobas romelime specifikur sferoSi. 

Tumca, arsebobs daxelovnebis testebi, romelTac ufro zogadi 

xasiaTi aqvT da ar gulisxmoben raime samuSaosaTvis an swavlis ga- 

sagrZeleblad sakmarisi enis codnaSi daxelovnebas. unda iTqvas, 

rom daxelovnebis swored aseTi testebi gamoiyeneba yvelaze xSirad 

dRevandel msoflioSi. aseTi testebis mizania gamoavlinon, Tu ram- 

denad aRwevs moswavle garkveuli enis flobis standartebs. aseTia, 

mag, enis flobis evropuli doneebis standartebi. am tipis testebi 

ar aris gaTvlili romelime konkretul profesiaze da am Tvalsaz- 

risiT, isini ufro zogadia. 

daxelovnebis testebi, miznidan gamomdinare gansxvavdebian 

sirTuliT da SinaarsiT, Tumca yvela maTganisTvis saerToa is, rom 

isini efuZnebian garkveul enobriv standartebs da ara raime konkre- 

tul kursebs, romelic moswavlem gaiara. amdenad, daxelovnebis 

testebi kriteriumze orientirebuli testebia (hagersi, 1992, gv. 9). 

88


miRwevis testebi: daxelovnebis testebisgan gansxvavebiT, miRwe- 

vis testebi pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli enis kursebTan, radgan maTi 

mizania Seafasos, Tu ramdenad warmatebuli iyo kursi, anu ramdenad 

miaRwia moswavlem an moswavleTa jgufma kursiT gansazRvrul miz- 

nebs. miRwevis testebi ori tipisaa. esaa saboloo miRwevis da pro- 

gresis miRwevis testebi. saboloo miRwevis testebi kursis dasrule- 

bis Semdeg tardeba da maTi mizania imis dadgena, Tu ramdenad aris 

miRweuli enis kursis konkretuli miznebi da amocanebi. testis Sina- 

arsi srulad aris dafuZnebuli konkretul silabusze, gamoyenebul 

saxelmZRvanelosa da Sinaarsze, romlis swavlebasac kursi isaxavda 

miznad. aseT testebs da maT safuZvelze miRebul informacias mos- 

wavlis mier enis flobis Sesaxeb xSirad iyeneben saskolo praqtika- 

Si. Tumca aseTi testebis gamoyenebisas unda gvaxsovdes, moswavlis 

Sefaseba dakavSirebulia konkretul kursTan, swavlebis meTodTan da 

gamoyenebul saxelmZRvaneloebTan. amdenad, Tu kursi cudad aris da- 

gegmili an saxelmZRvaneloebi ar aris sworad SerCeuli, miuxedavad 

maRali qulisa, romelic SeiZleba moswavlem miiRos am testSi, misi 

enis flobis done sakmaod dabali iyos. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, pro- 

blemuria moswavlis qulis mixedviT misi enis flobis doneze msje- 

loba (hagersi, 1992, gv. 11; slavini, 2006, gv. 496). 

progresis miRwevis testebis mizania, gazomos kursis msvlelo- 

bisas moswavlis mier miRweuli progresi. cxadia, igi kursis amoca- 

nebTan mimarTebiT izomeba. erTi gzaa enobrivi kompetenciebis sabo- 

loo donis testis periodulad gameoreba kursis ganmavlobaSi da 

progresis Sefaseba gazrdili qulis safuZvelze. mag., Tu kursis mi- 

zania wakiTxuli teqstis Sinaarsis gageba, eqspliciturad da impli- 

citurad mocemuli informaciis amoReba, dedaazris gageba, mTavari 

personaJis an adresatis amocnoba da a.S., SesaZlebelia am unarebis 

Sefasebaze mimarTuli testebis Sedgena da moswavleTaTvis perio- 

dulad Catareba. magram am SemTxvevaSi testebis Sedegebs ukuefeqti 

89


SeiZleba hqondeT da isini SesaZloa ara mxolod moswavleTa, aramed 

maswavleblis stresis wyarod iqces. amitom progresis gasazomad, 

Cveulebriv, iyeneben progresis miRwevis iseT testebs, romlebic da- 

fuZnebulia kursis Sualedur miznebsa da amocanebze. aseTi testebis 

Sesadgenad ki, cxadia, rom kursis Sualeduri miznebi da amocanebi 

mkafiod unda iyos gawerili da gacnobierebuli maswavleblis mier. 

mniSvnelovania im individualuri gzis gaTvaliswinebac, romelsac 

maswavlebeli gadis kursis saboloo miznis misaRwevad. 

diagnostikuri testebi: diagnostikuri testebi gamoiyeneba imis 

gasarkvevad, Tu ra icis da ra ara moswavlem, ra uWirs mas da ra 

aqvs kargad aTvisebuli; romelia misi susti da Zlieri mxareebi. misi 

Sedegebi pirdapir miuTiTeben maswavlebels, Tu ra unda aswavlos 

moswavles momavalSi. magaliTad, aseTi testis saSualebiT Cven Seg- 

viZlia davadginoT, rom moswavles kargad aqvs ganviTarebuli kiTx- 

vis kompetencia, magram mis sust mxares warmoadgens mosmenilis gage- 

ba. cxadia, testma ufro specifikuri informaciac SeiZleba mogvces, 

kerZod ki is, Tu konkretulad ra tipis informaciis mosmena uWirs 

mas, an ra tipis problemebi aqvs weraSi, aris es problemebi orTo- 

grafiasTan dakavSirebuli, Tu - gramatikasTan. Tumca am tipis tes- 

tebis gamoyenebisasac mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom erTi Secdoma 

an erTi swori pasuxi ar aris sakmarisi daskvnis gamosatanad, radgan 

is SeiZleba SemTxveviTobis Sedegi iyos. amitom moswavlis susti an 

Zlieri mxareebis dasadgenad mniSvnelovania, rom enis flobis Sesa- 

fasebeli kompetencia an misi romelime aspeqti sakmarisad iyos war- 

modgenili testSi testuri davalebebis saxiT. es ki xSirad droisa 

da administrirebis problemebTan aris dakavSirebuli (hagersi, 1992, 

gv. 13; egeni, koCaki, 2006, gv. 513). 

adgilis testebi. es is testebia romelic gamoiyeneba imisTvis, 

rom Sefasdes, Tu romeli saswavlo programa (an romeli donis sas- 

90


wavlo programa) Seesabameba konkretul moswavles misi enobrivi kom- 

petenciebis mixedviT. Sesabamisad, adgilis testebi dgeba konkretuli 

programebis gaTvaliswinebiT da isini morgebulia programaSi arse- 

buli kursebis doneebsa Tu safexurebze (hagersi, 1992, gv. 14; egeni, 

koCaki, 2006, gv. 514). 

91


2. testis ZiriTadi ganzomilebebi 

testis ZiriTadi ganzomilebebia: 

validoba 

sandooba 

samarTlianoba/aratendenciuroba 

a. validoba 

mokled ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani. 

testi validuria, Tu is zustad imas afasebs, risTvisac is 

aris gansazRvruli. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, es aris sakvlevi instru- 

mentis - testis Sesatyvisoba sakvlev unarTan / codnasTan. Teori- 

ulad testis am maxasiaTeblis gageba Zalian martivia, Tumca, praqti- 

kulad, testis Sedgenisas da Semdgom, administrirebisas, sakmaod 

didi Zalisxmeva da sifrTxilea saWiro imisaTvis, rom ar dairRves 

testis validoba. 

testis TeoriaSi gamoyofen validobis ramdenime saxes (burla- 

Cuki, 2008, gv. 50; anastazi, urbina, 2007, gv. 133), romelTaganac testis 

Sedgenisas erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovania Sinaarsobrivi validoba. 

amboben, rom tests aqvs Sinaarsobrivi validoba, Tu is moicavs 

Sesafaseblad gamiznuli enobrivi unarebis, struqturebis da a. S. 

Sesatyvis da, amavdroulad, sakmaris erTobliobas. mag., gramatikis 

testi unda Sedgebodes testuri kiTxvebisgan, romlebic zomaven gra- 

matikuli struqturebis kontrolis codnas, magram es ar aris sakma- 

risi am testis Sinaarsobrivi validurobisTvis. am mizniT Seqmnili 

testi validuri iqneba, Tu is Seicavs yvela im struqturasa da un- 

ars, romelic aucilebelia da sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom daskvnebi ga- 

vakeToT moswavlis mier gramatikis codnis Sesaxeb. cxadia, aq gaT- 

valiswinebuli unda iyos gramatikis codnis is donec, romelic Se- 

92


safasebel subieqts (moswavles) moeTxoveba. mag., Tu erTi testis mi- 

zania A doneze enobrivi kompetenciebis Sefaseba, xolo meorisa _ B 

doneze, cxadia, imisTvis, rom Sefasebis adekvaturi Sedegebi mivi- 

RoT, es testebi testuri kiTxvebis sxvadasxva erTobliobas unda 

moicavdes. 

amgvarad, is, Tu ramdenad Sesabamisi da sakmarisia testSi gamoye- 

nebuli testuri kiTxvebi, damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra mizans emsax- 

ureba testi. 

ratom aris mniSvnelovani testis Sinaarsobrivi validoba? 

rac ufro didia testis Sinaarsobrivi validoba, igi miT ufro 

kargi sazomi instrumentia gamiznuli unarebisa Tu codnis Sesafa- 

seblad. 

testis Sinaarsobrivi validobis misaRwevad saWiroa winaswar 

aRiweros is unarebi da codna, romelsac testi unda moicavdes. Se- 

safaseblad gansazRvruli codnisa da unarebis aseT aRweras testis 

specifikacias (testuri..., 2009, gv. 8) uwodeben. testis specifikaciis 

safuZvelze xdeba konkretuli testuri kiTxvebis Seqmna, agreTve, im- 

is gansazRvra, Tu ramdenad adekvaturi da sakmarisia gansazRvruli 

codnisa da unarebis Sefaseba Seqmnili testuri kiTxvebis safuZ- 

velze. amgvarad, kargad Sedgenili testis specifikacia testis 

Semdgenlebs saSualebas aZlevs, Seqmnan Sinaarsobrivad validuri 

testi. amavdroulad, testis Sinaarsobrivi validobis dasaxvewad 

xSirad iyeneben e.w. eqspertul Sefasebebs, roca damoukidebeli eqs- 

pertebi afaseben testuri kiTxvebis Sesabamisobas testis specifika- 

ciasaTan. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom testis specifikaciis Camoyalibeba xdeba 

testis konstruirebis adreul etapze, mas Semdeg, rac ganisazRvreba, 

Tu ra aris testis mizani da konkretulad ris Sefaseba gvinda am 

testiT. 

testis validurobis sxvagvari midgomaa misi kriterialuri vali- 

dobis Sefaseba. es ukanaskneli fasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad 

93


Seesabameba testis Sedegebi moswavlis Sesafasebeli unaris sazom 

sxva damoukidebeli instrumentis Sedegebs. kriterialuri validobis 

erT-erT saxeobas warmoadgens prediqtoruli validoba, romelic 

fasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad SesaZlebelia testis Sedegebis 

mixedviT vivaraudoT (viwinaswarmetyveloT) moswavlis momavali war- 

matebebi. mag., Tu enis flobis testSi miRebuli maRali qula maRal 

korelaciaSia momavalSi umaRles saswavlebelSi qarTuli enis test- 

Si miRebul qulasTan, maSin SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom enis flobis 

Sesafasebel tests maRali prediqtoruli validoba aqvs. 

testis validurobis erT-erTi formaa TvalsaCino validoba 

(hagersi, 1992, gv. 22). Cveulebriv, validobis am formas testis Sesafa- 

seblad maSin iyeneben, roca aSkaraa, TvalsaCinoa testis aravalidu- 

roba. magaliTad, Tu Cven gvinda meore enaSi fonologiuri unarebis 

(gamoTqmis) Sefaseba testis saSualebiT, xolo testi ar moicavs 

testur davalebebs, romelSic moswavles laparaki moeTxoveba, maSin 

aSkaraa, rom testi aravaliduri iqneba. amgvarad, vityviT, rom aseT 

tests ar aqvs TvalsaCino validoba. aRsaniSnavia, rom ramdenadac 

martivad ar unda mogveCvenos TvalsaCino validobis cneba, xSiria 

testirebis dros misi darRvevis SesaZlebloba, gansakuTrebiT ki ma- 

Sin, roca testirebis obieqtis arapirdapiri Sefaseba xdeba. 

amgvarad, validoba aris testis maxasiaTebeli, romelic Aad- 

gens, zomavs Tu ara testuri kiTxva (davaleba) im unars, ris 

gasazomadac aris gankuTvnili. 

testis da misi Semadgeneli testuri kiTxvebis (davalebebis) va- 

lidobis Sesafaseblad SegviZlia gamoviyenoT Semdegi sqema (bekeri, 

2008): 

Seesabameba SerCeul unars; 

kiTxvaze swori pasuxis miReba SesaZlebelia swored am 

unaris amoqmedebiT da ara trivialuri pasuxis gacemiT an 

gamocnobiT, rodesac, ubralod, saRi azris gaTvaliswineba 

xdeba; 

94


gamarTulia mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT, ar Seicavs Secdomas; 

daxuruli kiTxvis alternatiuli pasuxebi warmoadgenen 

realur alternativebs, ar aris absurduli, moswavlem 

marTla SeiZleba aseTi Secdoma dauSvas; 

SesaZlebelia Sedegis da misi miRwevis TiToeuli donis 

testuri davalebebis/kiTxvebis meSveobiT Sefaseba; 

kargad zomavs mocemuli Sedegis miRwevis dones testuri 

davalebebis kiTxvebi; 

reprezentatulia davalebebis erToblioba, romliTac unda- 

moxdes mocemuli Sedegis gazomva. 

testis Seqmnis procesSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces 

davalebebis reprezentatulobas testis mizanTan da, Sesabamisad, 

testis specifikaciasTan mimarTebiT. amasTan, reprezentatuloba unda 

ganvixiloT ramdenime TvalsazrisiT. cxadia, testi pirvel rigSi re- 

prezentatuli unda iyos sagnobrivi TvalsazrisiT, rac imas niSnavs, 

rom testSi gamoyenebuli testuri kiTxvebi da davalebebi swored im 

sagnidan unda iyos, romlis Sesafasebladac Seiqmna testi. Teori- 

ulad am pirobis dacva TiTqos advilia, magram praqtikaSi xSiria 

SemTxvevebi, roca testur davalebaze pasuxis gacema sxva sagnis 

codnazea dafuZnebuli. magaliTad, testSi SesaZlebelia iyos gamoye- 

nebuli magaliTi, romelic gulisxmobs moswavlis mier geografiis 

codnas da mxolod am codnaze dayrdnobiTaa SesaZlebeli swori pa- 

suxis gacema. swori pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, Cven gveqneba informacia, rom 

moswavlem geografiis es konkretuli sakiTxic icis da qarTul enaze 

gagebis unaric aqvs, magram araswori pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, Cven ver ga- 

varkvevT, ratom miiRo moswavlem nuli qula, imitom, rom geografiis 

es konkretuli Tema ar icoda, Tu misi enobrivi kompetencia aris da- 

bali? mniSvnelovania, agreTve, rom testi srulad moicavdes yvela im 

unaris, codnisa da Rirebulebebis Sesafasebel testur davalebebs, 

romlebic testis mizniT gansazRvrul da testis specifikaciaSi 

95


dazustebul saswavlo Sedegs/indikators Seadgenen. iseTi testuri 

davalebebis nimuSi, sadac darRveulia testis SinaarsTan maTi re- 

prezentatuloba, moyvanilia qvemoT. 

nimuSi: 

testis mizania, Seafasos moswavlis kiTxvis unari. am unaris Sesafa- 

seblad gamoyofilia Semdegi indikatorebi: 

moswavles SeuZlia 

1. moiZios da amoicnos konkretuli informacia teqstidan; 

2. mTliani Sinaarsis gageba; 

3. teqstis analizi; 

4. teqstis Sefaseba - sakuTari argumentirebuli azris ga- 

moxatva. 

gamoyenebuli teqstebi: 

kedlis warwerebi 

saSinlad gabrazebuli var imis gamo, rom skolis kedeli ukve 

meoTxed gawmindes da SeRebes, kedlis warwerebi rom moeSorebinaT. 

ra Tqma unda, SemoqmedebiToba dasafasebelia, magram adamianebma 

sakuTari Tavis gamosaxatavad sxva gza unda moZebnon da es 

sazogadoebis xarjze ar unda xdebodes. 

ratom akeTebT kedlis warwerebs iq, sadac es akrZalulia da 

ulaxavT reputacias axalgazrdebs? profesionali mxatvrebi TavianT 

naxatebs quCebSi ar fenen, xom marTalia?! Tumca isini mainc axerxeben 

popularobis moxveWas kanonieri gamofenebis mowyobiT. 

Cemi azriT Senobebi, Robeebi, parkis skamebi TavisTavad 

xelovnebis nimuSebi arian. amitom yovlad miuRebelia arqiteqturis 

am nimuSebis kedlis warwerebiT gafuWeba. garda amisa ziandeba 

ozonis Srec. me namdvilad ar mesmis ratom iwuxeben Tavses 

kriminali mxatvrebi da TavianT `Semoqmedebas~ xelaxla xataven 

gasufTavebul kedlebze. 

elene 

96


gemovnebaze ar davoben 

sazogadoebas mravlad miewodeba sxvadasxva sferos reklamebi, 

kompaniis logoebi, quCebi savsea uzarmazari banerebiT da 

posterebiT. ramdenad misaRebia isini?! umeteswilad misaRebia. 

ramdenad misaRebia kedlis warwerebi? zogierTis azriT misaRebia, 

zogierTis azriT ki ara. 

vin ixdis fass kedlis warwerebSi? sabolood vin ixdis fass 

reklamebSi? sworia: momxmarebeli. 

rodesac bilbordebs kidebdnen quCebSi gkiTxaT vinmem azri? - 

ara. aqedan gamomdinare unda gTxovon Tu ara kedlis warwerebis 

avtorebma nebarTva? bolosdabolos es xom komunikaciis sakiTxiasakuTari 

saxelebis, sxvadasxva metsaxelebis da didi zomis naxatebis 

quCaSi gamofena. 

gaixseneT kubokruli da naxazebiani tansacmeli, romelic 

ramdenime wlis win gamoCnda maRaziebSi. gaxsovT saTxilamuro 

tansacmeli?! ferebi da naxatebi zusti asli iyo betonis kedlebze 

gakeTebuli warwerebisa da naxatebis. gasaocaria, rom es ferebi da 

naxatebi misaRebi da mosawonia, magram imave stilis kedlis 

warwerebi miuRebelia. cudi dro daudga xelovnebas! 

sofo 

davalebebi: 

isaubreT imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras Seexeba werili (misi 

Sinaarsi); 

----------------------------------------------------- 

rogor aris werili dawerili (rogoria misi stili)? 

------------------------------------------------------------------ 

miuxedavad imisa, romels eTanxmebi, Seni azriT, romeli 

werilia ukeTesad dawerili? axseni Seni pasuxi da 

amisaTvis gamoiyene werilebis magaliTebi. 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------_--------- 

nimuSSi warmodgenilia ori teqsti da TandarTuli sami 

testuri davaleba. isini sruliad relevanturia testis mizanTan, 

97


magram SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac Cans, rom mxolod am testur 

davalebebze dayrdnobiT ver moxdeba testirebis miznis miRweva, anu 

zemoT CamoTvlili indikatorebis mixedviT, monawilis/moswavlis 

Sefaseba. imisTvis, rom am indikatorebis mixedviT moswavlis Sefaseba 

ganxorcieldes, saWiroa damatebiTi testuri davalebebis Sedgena, 

romlebic pasuxs gascemen kiTxvebs, Tu rogor arTmevs Tavs moswavle 

teqstidan informaciis moZiebas, misi mTliani Sinaarsis gagebas, vin 

aris teqstis avtori, adresati, ra argumentebi aqvs avtors moyvanili 

sakuTari poziciis sabuTad da sxv. 

es nimuSi sainteresoa imiTac, rom masSi darRveulia 

testirebis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani wesi - maqsimalurad iqnes 

gamoyenebuli teqsti, anu maqsimalurad daitvirTos igi testuri 

davalebebiT. am SemTxvevaSi teqsti iZleva saSualebas, Sefasdes 

yvela is indikatori, romlis safuZvelzec unda Sefasdes moswavlis 

kiTxvis unari. sinamdvileSi ki teqstis SesaZleblobebis mxolod 

Zalian mcire nawilia gamoyenebuli. 

amavdroulad, testi unda moicavdes codnisa da unarebis 

taqsonomiis yvela donis Sesafasebel testur davalebebs. cxadia, 

saswavlo da testirebis miznidan gamomdinare, testis Semqmnelma 

SesaZlebelia taqsonomiis mxolod dabal doneze gaakeTos aqcenti 

da naklebad gamoiyenos maRali donis kognituri operaciebis 

Sesafasebeli testuri davalebebi, magram mniSvnelovania, rom es 

arCevani iyos gacnobierebuli da ara SemTxveviTi (am sakiTxze qvemoT 

ufro detalurad visaubrebT). 

gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom validoba ar aris testis 

Tanmdevi Tviseba, radgan igi mizanzea damokidebuli. erTi miznisTvis 

tests SeiZleba Zalian maRali validoba hqondes, xolo sxva 

miznisTvis ki igive testi sruliad aravaliduri aRmoCndes. 

98

empiriuli validaciis meTodebi 


testis validobaze moqmedebs is pirobebi da garemoebebic, 

romelSic xdeba testis administrireba (ena, testireba, Sefaseba..., 

2008, gv. 177). qvemoT ganxilulia ZiriTadi etapebi, romelsac gadis 

nebismieri testi Catarebidan dawyebuli, misi Sedegebis safuZvelze 

gadawyvetilebis miRebiT damTavrebuli. 

es etapebia: 

moswavlis mier testis Sesruleba; 

Sefaseba; 

miRebuli nedli (pirveladi) qula; 

analizi; 

miRebuli saboloo qula; 

interpretacia; 

gamoyeneba / gadawyvetilebis miReba. 

testis maxasiaTeblebis/garemoebebis zegavlena 

testis Sesrulebaze 

testis garkveulma maxasiaTebelma SeiZleba zegavlena 

moaxdinos enobrivi unarebis Sefasebis adekvaturobaze. 

mniSvnelovania davrwmundeT, rom saboloo qulaze zegavlenas ar 

axdens damatebiTi, gasazomi enobrivi kompetenciebis Seusabamo, maT 

mimarT ararelevanturi faqtorebi. mag., kompiuteruli testis 

SemTxvevaSi _ kompiuteris xmarebis codna da gamocdileba. aseT 

SemTxvevaSi, testSi miRebuli qula sinamdvileSi enis codnis dones 

ki ar gamoxatavs, aramed igi aris ori cvladis: kompiuteris codnisa 

da enis codnis donis urTierTqmedebis Sedegi. aqedan gamomdinare, 

cxadi xdeba, rom testis es maxasiaTebeli aravalidurs xdis tests, 

radgan testis Sedegze zegavlenas axdens kompiuteris codna/ar 

99


codna. Sesabamisad, aseT garemoebaSi Catarebuli testis Sedegma 

SeiZleba SecdomaSi Segviyvanos enis codnis donis Sefasebisas. 

Sefasebis kriteriumebi / rubrikebis zegavlena 

testis validurobaze 

Sefasebis kriteriumebma/ rubrikebma, romlebic ar asaxaven 

testuri kiTxvis Sesabamis codnas da unarebs, SeiZleba mcdar 

qulebamde migviyvanon. es ki, Tavis mxriv, safrTxes uqmnis testis 

validobas. amitom testis Sedgenisas erT-erT mniSvnelovan etaps 

warmoadgens adekvaturi, obieqturi da standartizebuli Sefasebis 

kriteriumebis Camoyalibeba. gansakuTrebiT es exeba e. w. Ria tipis 

(sadac moiTxoveba avTenturi pasuxebi) testur kiTxvebs da eseebs. 

Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom winaswar iyos gawerili Sefasebis sqemebi 

anu rubrikebi da zustad iyos gansazRvruli, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi 

iRebs qulas moswavle da ra SemTxvevaSi _ ara. situacia kidev ufro 

rTuldeba, roca saqme gvaqvs maRalqulian testur davalebebTan, 

magaliTad, rodesac ese fasdeba 10 an 6 quliT. am SemTxvevaSi 

Zalian zustad da srulad unda iyos gawerili Sefasebis sqemaSi, Tu 

ra pasuxebis SemTxvevaSi iRebs moswavle srul qulas da ra 

komponentebisgan Sedgeba igi. qvemoT warmodgenilia eses Sefasebis 

nimuSi, romelic aRebulia amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis 

bakalavriatSi Casabarebeli gamocdis testidan SAT (ix. SAT). 

eses Sefasebis kriteriumebi: 

100 

6 qula: 

am kategoriis ese naTeli da Tanmimdevrulia, Tumca SeiZleba 

ramdenime umniSvnelo /patara Secdoma aRmoaCndes. tipuri ese: 

efeqturad da SorsmWvretelurad ayalibebs Sexedulebas 

Temaze da migviTiTebs mwerlis SesaniSnav kritikul 

azrovnebaze, rac gamoixateba mwerlis mier moyvanili


aSkarad ararelevanturi magaliTebiT, mizezebiT da sxva 

mtkicebulebebiT, sakuTari poziciis dasacavad; 

aris kargad organizebuli da fokusirebuli; ese Zalian 

gamarTulia da masSi azrTa progresireba aSkara da 

naTelia; 

gamoirCeva enobrivi saSualebebis ostaturad flobiT; masSi 

gamoyenebulia mravalgvari, zusti da saTanado leqsika; 

Sedgeba struqturulad mravalgvari azrobrivad gamarTuli 

winadadebebisgan; 

aris TiTqmis uSecdomo gramatikuli / orTografiuli 

TvalsazrisiT. 

101 

5 qula 

am kategoriis ese zomierad Tanmimdevrulia, Tumca aqvs ramdenime 

Secdoma. tipuri ese: 

efeqturad ayalibebs Sexedulebas Temaze da migviTiTebs 

mwerlis Zlier kritikul azrovnebaze, rac gamoixateba 

mwerlis mier moyvanili ZiriTadad aSkarad ararelevanturi 

magaliTebiT, mizezebiTa da sxva mtkicebulebebiT, sakuTari 

poziciis dasacavad; 

aris kargad organizebuli da fokusirebuli; ese 

gamarTulia da masSi azrTa progresireba naTelia; 

gamoirCeva enobrivi simwyobriT; masSi gamoyenebulia 

Sesaferisi da saTanado leqsika; 

Sedgeba struqturulad mravalgvari winadadebebisgan; 

aris ZiriTadad uSecdomo gramatikuli / orTografiuli 

TvalsazrisiT.


102 

4 qula 

am kategoriis ese met-naklebad Tanmimdevrulia, Tumca aqvs Secdomebi. 

tipuri ese: 

ayalibebs Sexedulebas Temaze da migviTiTebs mwerlis 

kompetentur kritikul azrovnebaze, rac gamoixateba 

mwerlis mier moyvanili ZiriTadad relevanturi 

magaliTebiT, mizezebiTa da sxva mtkicebulebebiT, sakuTari 

poziciis dasacavad; 

aris ZiriTadad organizebuli da fokusirebuli; ese met- 

naklebad gamarTulia da masSi azrTa progresireba 

gasagebia; 

gamoirCeva normaluri, magram arasakmarisi enobrivi gamar- 

TulobiT; masSi gamoyenebulia ZiriTadad saTanado leqsika; 

Sedgeba struqturulad ZiriTadad mravalgvari winada- 

debebisgan; 

aqvs garkveuli saxis gramatikuli Secdomebi. 

3 qula 

am kategoriis ese gamoirCeva ganviTarebadi ostatobiT da aqvs erTi 

aq CamonaTval sisusteTagan: 

ayalibebs Sexedulebas Temaze da migviTiTebs mwerlis met- 

nakleb kritikul azrovnebaze, magram araTanmimdevruli an 

araadekvaturi magaliTebiT, mizezebiTa da sxva 

mtkicebulebebiT, sakuTari poziciis dasacavad; 

aris limitirebuli organizebulobasa an fokusirebaSi; ese 

SeiZleba ar iyos mTlad gamarTuli; SesaZlebelia, masSi 

azrTa progresireba cxadi ar iyos; 

migviTiTebs ganviTarebad enobriv simwyobreze, magram zog- 

jer masSi gamoyenebulia susti an arasaTanado leqsika;


Sedgeba struqturulad aramravalferovani, mwiri an struq- 

turulad araswori winadadebebisgan; 

aris bevri gramatikuli Secdoma. 

103 

2 qula 

am kategoriis ese gamoirCeva naklebi ostatobiT da aqvs erTi aq Ca- 

monaTval sisusteTagan: 

ayalibebs zedapirul an Zalian limitirebul (SezRudul) 

Sexedulebas Temaze da migviTiTebs mwerlis sust kritikul 

azrovnebaze, rac gamoixateba arasakmaris an araadekvatur 

magaliTebSi, mizezebsa da sxva mtkicebulebebSi, 

romlebsac mwerali iyenebs sakuTari poziciis dasacavad; 

aris cudad organizebuli da/an fokusirebuli; SesaZlebe- 

lia, eseSi azrTa progresireba TiTqmis gaugebari iyos; 

migviTiTebs Zalian dabali donis enobriv simwyobreze; mas- 

Si gamoyenebulia susti da limitirebuli (SezRuduli) an 

arasaTanado leqsika; 

Sedgeba struqturulad araswori winadadebebisgan; 

aris imdeni gramatikuli Secdoma, rom azris gageba Znelia. 

1 qula 

am kategoriis ese gamoirCeva Zalian sustia ostatobis TvalsazrisiT 

da aqvs aqvs erTi an ramdenime Semdegi tipis xarvezi: 

ar ayalibebs Sexedulebas Temaze an ar iZleva TiTqmis ara- 

nair an aranair mtkicebulebebs, sakuTari poziciis dasaca- 

vad; 

araorganizebuli an arafokusirebulia, ris gamoc ese ara- 

Tanmimdevruli an gaugebaria; 

aris seriozuli leqsikuri Secdomebi; 

Sedgeba struqturulad araswori winadadebebisgan; 

aris imdeni gramatikuli Secdoma, rom azri gaugebaria.


104 

0 qula 

ese, romelic ar aris dawerili mocemul Temaze (ar pasuxobs kiTxvas 

/ Temas) 0 qulas miiRebs. 

rogorc nimuSidan Cans, eses Sefasebis maqsimaluri qulaa 6. 

Sefasebis rubrikaSi zustad aris gawerili, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi iRebs 

moswavle / abiturenti 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 1 an 0 qulas. 

Semfaseblis araobieqturoba/tendenciurobis zegavlena 

testis validurobaze 

Semdegi safrTxe, romelic SeiZleba daemuqros testirebis 

dros enis flobis/codnis donis adekvatur Sefasebas aseve dakavSi- 

rebulia Sefasebis kriteriumebTan, Tumca is ufro metad aris dakav- 

Sirebuli Semfaseblis pirovnebasTan (ena, testireba, Sefaseba..., 2008, 

gv. 200, egeni, koCaki, 2006, gv. 529). 

araswori qulis kidev erTi mizezi SeiZleba gaxdes Semfaseb- 

lis tendenciuroba, romelic SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos Semfa- 

seblis garkveuli stereotipebiT (mag. lamazi xeliT nawerma dadebi- 

Ti zegavlena moaxdinos, xolo uSno kaligrafiam ki piriqiT - ua- 

ryofiTi), daRlilobiT an moyirWebiT. saklaso situaciaSi Semfa- 

seblis tendenciuroba gaucnobiereblad SeiZleba daefuZnos gark- 

veul pirad simpaTiebs an warsulSi Seqmnil STabeWdilebebs. Sefa- 

sebis rubrikis ararseboba an arasruli Sefasebis rubrika (an sqema) 

xels uwyobs Semfaseblis tendenciurobas. 

garda zemoT ganxilulisa, cxadia, ganzraxuli unarebis Sesa- 

faseblad metad mniSvnelovania testSi miRebuli pirveladi (nedli) 

qulebis adekvaturi analizi saboloo qulebis misaRebad. amisaTvis 

gamoiyeneba testis fsiqometruli specialuri Teoriebi da Sesabami- 

si fsiqometruli meTodebi.

. sandooba 


sandooba _ es aris testis maxasiaTebeli, romelic gviCvenebs, 

Tu ramdenad aris damokidebuli testiT miRebuli qulebi gazomvis 

cTomilebebze, ganasxvavebs Tu ara testuri kiTxva Zlier da sust 

moswavleebs? magaliTad, Tu standartizebul tests CaabarebT orSa- 

baTs, Semdeg imave tests erTi kviris Semdegac CaabarebT da orivejer 

erTsa da imave maCvenebels miiRebT, sakmarisi mizezi geqnebaT ifi- 

qroT, rom testis Sedegebi sandoa. Tu erT dRes 100 adamiani Caaba- 

rebs tests da Semdeg isini erTi kviris Semdeg am tests kvlav gai- 

meoreben, maTi Sedegebi kvlav igive iqneba ganmeorebiTac _ Tqven ki- 

dev ufro meti sababi geqnebaT imis saTqmelad, rom testis Sedegebi 

sandoa. (ra Tqma unda, igulisxmeba, rom meore testamde SualedSi 

adamianebi ar igeben pasuxebs da ar swavloben sakiTxebs). monacemebi 

sandoa, Tu testi stabilur da mdgrad suraTs iZleva individis un- 

aris Sesaxeb situaciidan situaciamde. sando Termometri erTnairad 

muSaobs, erTnairad giCvenebT 100 graduss celsiusiT, roca mduRare 

wylis temperaturas zomavT. sandoobis gazomvis es gza, anu testis 

Sesruleba or sxvadasxva situaciaSi niSnavs stabilurobas da san- 

doobas testidan testamde. Tu adamianTa jgufi asrulebs testis or 

ekvivalentur versias da maCveneblebi am orive testSi SedarebiTia, 

es sandoobis alternatiuli formaa (burlaCuki, 2008, gv. 265; anasta- 

zi, urbina 2007, gv. 103; hagersi, 1992, gv. 29). 

sandooba aseve moicavs testis Sida mdgradobasa da sizustes. 

sandoobis mdgradoba gamoiTvleba testis erTi naxevris Sesrulebis 

Sedegebis SedarebiT meore naxevris Sesrulebis SedegebTan. 

arsebobs sandoobis dadgenis ramdenime gza, magram yvela Se- 

saZlo Sedegi 0-dan 1-mde SualedSia moqceuli, rogorc korelaciis 

koeficienti. iTvleba, rom sandooba 0.8-is zemoT Zalian maRalia, 0.8- 

dan 0.6-mde - kargi, 0.6-sa da 0.4-s Soris _ dabali, xolo 0.4-is qvemoT 

105


ki _ arasando. sandoobis asamaRleblad yvelaze efeqturi gzaa 

testSi damatebiTi sakiTxebis Setana. zogadad miiCneva, rom vrceli 

(grZeli) testebi ufro sandoa, vidre SedarebiT mcire zomis (mokle) 

testebi. 

gazomvis Secdomebi 

arc erTi testi ar afasebs srulyofilad im codnasa da unar- 

Cvevebs, romelTa gasazomadac maT iyeneben, radgan yovelTvis xdeba 

Secdomebis daSveba. aris iseTi Secdomebi, romlebic moswavlesTan 

aris dakavSirebuli, da gamowveulia, magaliTad, guneba-ganwyobiT, 

motivaciiT an testis Cabarebis unar-CvevebiT. 

zogjer SesaZlebelia Secdoma moswavlis sasargebloc aR- 

moCndes da misi maCvenebeli imaze maRali iyos, vidre misi realuri 

codnaa. SesaZlebelia, man zustad testirebis win gadaxeda am kon- 

kretul masalas... zogjer Secdoma SeiZleba moswavlisTvis arasaxar- 

bielo iyos. magaliTad, igi avad aris testirebis dros, an Tavs 

SeuZlod grZnobs, an gamouZinebelia, an kidev gadaRlilia swored 

testirebis dRes, an arasaTanado masalaze iyo koncentrirebuli. 

Tumca Secdomis wyaro SeiZleba Tavad tests ukavSirdebodes _ miTi- 

Tebebi ar iyos naTeli, sakiTxavi masala mizanSeuwonlad rTuli 

iyos, sakiTxebi ki orazrovani, an dro iyos Zalian SezRuduli. maCve- 

nebeli, romlebsac moswavle iRebs testSi, yovelTvis moicavs gark- 

veul Secdomas. 

rogor SeiZleba SevamciroT es Secdomebi? 

rac ufro sandoa testi, miT ufro naklebad aris mosalodne- 

li Secdoma. standartizebul testebze muSaobisas misi Semdgenlebi 

amas iTvaliswineben da cdiloben Seafason, Tu ramdenad gansxvave- 

buli SeiZleba iyos moswavlis monacemi, Tu igi ganmeorebiT Seasru- 

lebda tests. amas gazomvis standartuli Secdoma ewodeba. amdenad, 

sando testi SeiZleba asec ganisazRvros, rom esaa testi, romelsac 

gazomvis mcire standartuli Secdoma aqvs. testebis interpretirebi- 

106


sas maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos Secdomis farglebi (burla- 

Cuki, 2008, gv. 315). 

farTomasStabiani standartizebuli testirebis dros, roca 

testirebis mizania, daadginos codnisa da unarebis TvalsazrisiT 

arsebuli saerTo done moswavleTa garkveul jgufebSi (qveynis, re- 

gionis, raionis skolis masStabiT) arasistematur (SeiZleba iTqvas, 

SemTxveviT) Secdomebs naklebi mniSvneloba eniWeba. magram isini gan- 

sakuTrebul datvirTvas iZenen, roca saklaso testirebasTan gvaqvs 

saqme da erTi romelime moswavlis unarisa da codnis Sefaseba gvi- 

wevs testirebis saSualebiT. amitom specialistebi maswavleblebs 

urCeven, unaris Sesaxeb azris Camoyalibebisas nurasodes daeyrdno- 

bian moswavlis zustad im monacems, romelsac igi testSi iRebs. 

testebis SemmuSaveblebi monacemebs sando intervalis, anu `standar- 

tuli Secdomis farglebis~ gaTvaliswinebiT aqveyneben. es Semo- 

sazRvravs moswavlis realur maCvenebels, rac saWiros xdis gazomvis 

standartuli Secdomis gamoyenebas da saSualebas aZlevs maswavle- 

bels, gaiTvaliswinos maCvenebelTa speqtri, romelic SesaZloa moi- 

cavdes moswavlis zust qulas _ maCvenebels, romelsac miiRebda mos- 

wavle, testi rom absoluturad zusti da uSecdomo yofiliyo (vul- 

folki, 2007, gv. 525). 

aucilebelia, gvaxsovdes standartuli Secdomis farglebi, 

roca moswavleebs varCevT specialuri programebisTvis. arc erTi 

bavSvi ar unda iyos uaryofili mxolod imitom, rom maTi maCvenebeli 

dadgenil SesarCev maCvenebels erTi-ori quliT CamorCeba. moswavlis 

namdvili maCvenebeli SeiZleba am dadgenil maCvenebelze maRali iyos. 

zogadad, testis Sedgenisas mniSvnelovania, rom gaviTvaliswinoT, 

rom sandoobisTvis problemas SeiZleba warmoadgendes (bekeri, 2008): 

testSi gamoyenebulia araswori sityvebi an bundovani 

formulirebebi; 

107


orazrovani an Zalian zogadi xasiaTis instruqcia, romlis wa- 

kiTxvis Sedegadac moswavles gauWirdeba gaigos, ra moeTxoveba 

am davalebaSi; 

testuri kiTxvebi (davalebebi), romlebic Seicavs uneblie 

miniSnebebs da moswavles ubiZgebs swori pasuxisaken; 

daxurul kiTxvaSi Zalian gamokveTilia swori pasuxi. 

qvemoT warmodgenilia aseTi SemTxvevebis magaliTebi. kerZod, 

pirvel testur davalebaSi gamoyenebulia araswori sityvebi da 

bundovani formulirebebi. 

1. ra SeiZleba iyidoT: 

2. produqtebis maRaziaSi? ___________________________ 

3. saparikmaxeroSi? ___________________________ 

4. afTiaqSi? ___________________________ 

5. sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis salonSi? ______________________ 

6. safunTuSeSi? ___________________________ 

saparikmaxeroSi arafris yidva ar SeiZleba da, aqedan 

gamomdinare, es mxolod daabnevs moswavles. amavdroulad, sruliad 

bundovania gamonaTqvami `sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis saloni~. 

ufro metic, am testur davalebaSi winaswari miniSnebacaa, radgan 

produqtebis maRaziaSi, cxadia, rom produqtebis yidvaa SesaZlebeli. 

sxva yvelaferTan erTad, am testur davalebas aklia swori pasuxebis 

CamonaTvali anu Sefasebis rubrika da Tu is winaswar ar iqneba 

gadawyvetili (testirebis miznidan gamomdinare) da gawerili, 

SesaZlebelia 1.6. kiTxvaze pasuxi: "puri" CaiTvalos swor pasuxad da 

meore SemTxvevaSi (zemoT ganxiluli faqtorebis zegavleniT, mag., 

sxvadasxva Semfaseblis pirobebSi) igive pasuxi an, ufro sworad, 

arasakmarisad, radgan pasuxi "puri, funTuSa da a.S." iyos miCneuli 

sworad. 

108


Semdeg magaliTSi (2) testur davalebas aqvs orazrovani an 

Zalian zogadi xasiaTis instruqcia, romlis wakiTxvis Sedegadac 

moswavles gauWirdeba gaigos, ra moeTxoveba am davalebaSi 

2. teqstidan amoiwereT gansazRvreba, romlebic personaJis 

uaryofiTad axasiaTebs, Tumca, sazogadod, uaryofiTi mniSvnelobiT 

ar gamoiyeneba. 

(igulisxmeba mxatvruli xerxi - ironia - mag. 

ilia WavWavaZis leqsSi - `bednieri eri~) 

rogorc vxedavT, gaugebaria, ris gansazRvreba unda amoiweros 

moswavlem, an egeb davalebis mixedviT man ironiis gamomxatveli 

sityvebi unda amoiweros? cxadia, aseTi instruqcia daabnevs 

moswavles da, Sesabamisad, misi enobrivi kompetenciebi 

araadekvaturad iqneba Sefasebuli. 

mesame magaliTi warmoadgens iseT testur davalebas (kiTxvas), 

romelic Seicavs uneblie miniSnebebs da moswavles ubiZgebs swori 

pasuxisaken (Tavad nawarmoebis saTaurSive mocemulia testuri 

davalebis swori pasuxi: moswavles SeiZleba sulac ar hqondes 

wakiTxuli nawarmoebi, magram gasces adekvaturi pasuxi): 

3. vin aris Txzulebis - `soloman morbelaZis~ - mTavari personaJi? 

Semdeg magaliTSi swori pasuxi Zalian gamokveTilia da distraqto- 

rebi sruliad xelovnuria. 

4. gaarkvie, romelia swori pasuxi: 

sarke gakeTebulia: 

(a) rZisgan; 

(b) Rvinisgan; 

(g) minisgan; 

109


g. samarTlianoba/aratendenciuroba 

testis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebelia samarTlianoba. 

am cnebis ekvivalentad xSirad aratendenciurobas iyeneben (bekeri, 

2008, hagersi, 1992, gv. 19; ena, testireba, Sefaseba... 2008, gv. 183). testi 

codnisa da unarebis sazomi instrumentia da igi samarTliani, ara- 

tendenciuri unda iyos, rac imas niSnavs, rom yvela moswavles unda 

hqondes Tanabari SesaZlebloba, srulad gamoavlinos Tavisi codna 

da unarebi. testis samarTlianobas xSirad ukavSireben testis admi- 

nistrirebis obieqturobasTan da imasTan, Tu ramdenad erTnair pi- 

robebSi akeTeben tests moswavleebi. es, cxadia, metad mniSvnelovani 

sakiTxia, Tumca, SesaZlebelia, TviTon testi, rogorc garkveuli 

codnisa da unarebis sazomi instrumenti, iyos arasamarTliani, anu 

testi ise iyos Sedgenili, rom sxvadasxva socialuri jgufis, fenis 

da a.S. moswavleebs ar hqondeT Tanabari pirobebi sakuTari codnisa 

da unarebis gamosavlenad. amdenad, arasamarTlianoba, tendenciuro- 

ba gulisxmobs Sefasebis instrumentis Tvisebas, usiamovneba miayenos 

an usamarTlod moeqces moswavleebs maTi genderuli, rasobrivi, eT- 

nikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri an sxva raime statusis gamo. es SeiZ- 

leba iyos gamowveuli testis Sinaarsis, enis an magaliTebis sxva- 

dasxva aspeqtiT, romelmac SeiZleba gaamrudos moswavleebis mier 

testis Sesruleba _ Secvalos igi ukeTesobisaken an uaresobisaken. 

magaliTad, Tu testSi Setanilia krivTan an fexburTTan dakavSire- 

buli sakiTxebi, unda velodoT, rom am tests biWebi ukeTesad Sea- 

sruleben, vidre gogonebi. roca Sinaarsi exeba sportis saxeobebs, es 

usamarTlobaa _ gogonebi SeiZleba daiCagron codnis naklebobis ga- 

mo vTqvaT, fexburTsa da krivSi. Tumca testi Aara mxolod usamar- 

Tlo, aramed Seuracxmyofelic SeiZleba iyos. es maSin xdeba, roca 

testis SemsrulebelTa erTi jgufisaTvis testi an misi garkveuli 

davalebebi damamcirebelia. damcirebuli, gabrazebuli moswavleebi 

ki ver warmoaCenen Tavs saukeTesod. 

110


testebi SeiZleba procedurulad ar iyos samarTliani. anu Se- 

saZloa zogierT jgufs ar hqondes Tanabari SesaZlebloba, testire- 

bisas gamoavlinos Tavisi codna. 

ganvixiloT ramdenime magaliTi: 

1. testisa da testis Camtareblis ena xSirad gansxvavdeba 

moswavleebis enisagan. 

2. is pasuxebi, romlebic mxars uWers saSualo fenis Rire- 

bulebebs, ufro maRali qulebiT fasdeba. 

3. individualurad Catarebul testebSi (mag, laparakis), ma- 

Rali qulebiT fasdeba maRali verbaluroba da bevri la- 

paraki da ara Sinaarsi. es ukeTes pirobebSi ayenebs im 

moswavleebs, romlebic aseTYsituaciebSi Tavs komfortu- 

lad grZnoben. 

testebi SeiZleba ar iyos samarTliani, ramdenadac SesaZlebe- 

lia, gansxvavebul jgufebs im masalis swavlis sxvadasxva SesaZleb- 

loba hqondes, romelic mowmdeba. sakiTxebi, rogorc wesi, exeba 

xolme iseT faqtebsa da gamocdilebas, romelic dominanturi kul- 

turisaTvis aris nacnobi da ara umciresobisaTvis. 

dRes standartizebuli testebis umetesoba yuradRebiT mowmde- 

ba, rom masSi ar aRiniSnebodes tendenciuroba (bekeri, 2008), magram 

maswavlebelTa mier Sedgenili testebic aseve SeiZleba tendenciuri 

iyos. amitom aucilebelia, rom maswavlebelma, gansakuTrebiT ki, 

axalbeda maswavlebelma, kolegebs an specialistebs sTxovos testis 

gadaxedva im mizniT, rom Seamowmos: 

xom ar ayenebs upirates mdgomareobaSi gogos an biWs; 

xom ar ayenebs upirates mdgomareobaSi garkveul jgufs 

dasaxlebis tipis, socialuri statusis an eTnikuri 

warmomavlobis mixedviT; 

xom ar gaanawyenebs garkveul moswavleebs da zegavlenas 

moaxdens maTgan swori pasuxis gacemis albaTobaze; 

xom ar aris davalebaSi Cadebuli usamarTlo xafangi”. 

xom ar aris Sefasebis sistema dasaxvewi... 

111

3. testis ZiriTadi Teoriebi 


yvelaze cnobili Teoria, romlis mixedviTac xdeba testis 

monacemebis damuSaveba es aris testis klasikuri Teoria (anastazi, 

urbina, 2007, gv. 196; burlaCuki, 2008, gv. 448; reini, 2009; fransi). am 

Teoriis mixedviT monawilis/moswavlis mier testSi miRebuli qula 

Sedgeba WeSmariti qulisagan, romelic Seesabameba 

moswavlis/monawilis gasazomi unarebis odenobas da gazomvis 

Secdomisgan. gazomvis Secdoma damokidebulia SemTxveviTobaze, 

iRbalze, motivaciaze, daRlilobaze da sxva arasistematur 

faqtorebze. rac ufro kargad aris Sedgenili testi da rac ufro 

standartizebuli da obieqturia igi, miT ufro mcirea gazomvis 

Secdoma. 

testis administrirebis Semdeg moswavlis mier miRebul qulaTa 

jami warmoadgens im ZiriTad maCvenebels, romelze dayrdnobiTac 

xdeba moswavlis unaris saboloo Sefaseba. klasikuri testis 

TeoriaSi mniSvnelovan kriteriums warmoadgens testirebaSi monawile 

moswavleTa qulebis saSualo ariTmetikuli (standartul 

gadaxrasTan erTad), romelic moswavleTa Sefasebis ZiriTad 

kriteriums warmoadgens. swored moswavleTa saSualo qula 

gamoiyeneba daskvnebis gamosatanad imis Taobaze, Tu rogor Sefasdeba 

konkretuli moswavlis garkveuli unari: rogorc saSualoze maRali, 

dabali, Tu saSualo. testis mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebelia 

diskriminaciis unari. es aris testis maxasiaTebeli, romelic 

saSualebas iZleva, ganasxvaos maRali, saSualo da dabali unarebisa 

da codnis mqone moswavleebi erTmaneTisgan. 

testis klasikuri Teoria Zalian mosaxerxebelia, roca gvinda 

SevarCioT saukeTeso moswavleebi; vafasebT erT konkretul, 

SedarebiT viwro sakiTxs; gvaqvs mxolod erTi testi da erTi 

112


populacia. magram Tu ase ar aris, maSin iqmneba monacemTa 

interpretaciis problemebi (reini, 2009). magaliTad, A moswavlem da B 

moswavlem gaakeTa sxvadasxva testi. erTi testi (E) ufro advilia, 

vidre - meore (D). rogor SevadaroT testis qulebi XAE da XBD 

erTmaneTs? rogor moviqceT, Tu XAE> XBD? 

an meore magaliTi: 

k da j testuri davaleba gaakeTa orma sxvadasxva jgufma. erTi 

jgufs aqvs naklebi unarebi (l), xolo meores - meti (h). 

rogor SevadaroT am testuri davalebebis sirTule p erTmaneTs? 

ra vqnaT, Tu testuri davalebis sirTule (P, romelic ganisazRvreba 

jgufSi im moswavleTa procentiT, romlebmac sworad gaakeTes 

testuri davaleba) Pkl


Seasrula. magram es testis am modelisTvis aucilebelia testuri 

davalebebis ganmeoreba da moswavleTa sxvadasxva SerCevis TanakveTa. 

fsiqometruli TvalsazrisiT, es modeli sakmaod rTulia da igi 

gamoiyeneba farTomasStabiani testirebis dros. ufro metic, igi 

Zalze rTul gamoTvlebs moiTxovs da misi gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia 

specialuri kompiuteruli programebis gareSe. 

saklaso testirebis dros, Cveulebriv, testuri qulebis 

interpretaciisTvis iyeneben ufro martiv procedurebs, romelTa 

Sesaxebac qvemoT (ix. Tavi 5) iqneba moTxrobili. 

114


4. testis Sedgenis safexurebi (etapebi) 

testis Sedgenis pirveli da yvelaze mniSvnelovani etapia imis 

gansazRvra, Tu ris dadgena gvinda testirebis Sedegad da ra mizniT. 

amisTvis unda gavarkvioT, romeli kategoriis testi gvWirdeba (miR- 

wevis, daxelovnebis Tu sxv.), ra aris maTi mizani konkretul situa- 

ciaSi, moswavleTa romeli unarebis testireba gvesaWiroeba, rogor 

unda moxdes monacemTa interpretireba da a.S. 

testis Seqmna misi detaluri gegmis CamoyalibebiT iwyeba. aseT 

gegmas testis specifikacias uwodeben (testuri, 2009, gv. 8). igi tes- 

tirebis miznebze dayrdnobiT yalibdeba da moicavs detalur infor- 

macias testis miznis, Sinaarsisa da administrirebis Sesaxeb. testis 

specifikacias sxvadasxva saxe SeiZleba hqondes, magram yvela maTgani 

unda moicavdes testis mizans, Sinaarss, formats (Sesafasebeli una- 

rebis/codnis, gamoyenebuli testuri davalebebis da testSi maTi wo- 

nis matricas), agreTve informacias monawileebis, Sefasebis sistemisa 

da administrirebis Sesaxeb (hagersi, 1992, gv. 48). 

testirebis saSualebiT enis flobis Sefasebis drosac saWi- 

roa, SevadginoT testirebis gegma anu specifikacia. ganvixiloT tes- 

tis specifikaciaSi Semavali informaciis magaliTebi. 

Sinaarsi: testis specifikaciaSi srulad unda iyos aRwerili 

is Sinaarsi, romelze dayrdnobiTac SeiZleba aigos testi. mag., gra- 

matikuli testis Sinaarsi unda Sedgebodes Sesafasebeli gramatiku- 

li struqturebis CamonaTvalisgan, xolo enobrivi unarebis saerTo 

testi ki unda moicavdes enobrivi kompetenciebis yvela ganzomilebis 

aRweras. rogorc zemoT iTqva, testis Semqmnelma sxvadasxvagvari 

forma SeiZleba misces testis specifikacias, magram mTavaria, rom 

masSi testis Sinaarsi srulad da amomwuravad iyos aRwerili. 

115


testis specifikaciaSi ara mxolod testis Sinaarsi unda iyos 

aRwerili, aramed mocemuli unda iyos gamoyenebuli masalis Tavise- 

burebebi da is operaciebi, romelTa Sesrulebac mouwevs moswavles 

testirebisas. mag., kiTxvis testSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos sxva- 

dasxva tipis teqstebi (publicisturi werilebi, leqsi, moTxroba, sa- 

reklamo gancxadebebi da sxv.), romelTa tipis, raodenobisa da mo- 

culobis Sesaxeb informacia winaswar unda iyos gansazRvruli tes- 

tis specifikaciaSi. aqve unda iyos mocemuli im unarebisa da codnis 

CamonaTvali, romelTa Semowmebasac emsaxureba testi. mag., testis mi- 

zani SeiZleba iyos teqstSi specifikuri informaciis moZiebis unaris 

Sefaseba, konteqstis mixedviT ucxo sityvis mniSvnelobis gageba da 

a.S. 

testirebaSi monawileebis/populaciis aRwera: testis specifi- 

kaciis es nawili unda moicavdes amomwurav informacias testirebaSi 

monawile adamianebis Sesaxeb. es aris informacia maTi asakis, saganma- 

naTleblo safexuris/klasis, enis flobis arsebuli donis da sxv. 

Sesaxeb. enis flobis donis testis SemTxvevaSi cxadia, mniSvnelova- 

nia testis specifikaciaSi miTiTebuli iyos, es ena mSobliuria mona- 

wileebisTvis, Tu igi meore an ucxo enaa. 

formati/matrica da drois ganawileba: am nawilSi mocemuli 

unda iyos testis struqtura, romelic moicavs testirebis dros da 

mis ganawilebas testis TiToeuli komponentisTvis, testuri davale- 

bebis tipebsa da specialur procedurebs. am nawilSi aseve mocemuli 

unda iyos TiToeuli komponentis wona. aqve gawerili unda iyos, ro- 

meli tipis ramdeni testuri davaleba aris gansazRvruli TiToeuli 

komponentisTvis (testuri..., 2009, gv. 12). 

qvemoT mogvyavs testis specifikaciaSi warmodgenili testis 

formatis/matricis magaliTi qarTuli enis testisTvis. 

116


117 

meore ena 

mosmenilis gageba 30 wT 

25% 

15 mravlobiTi arCevanis 

Semcveli davaleba; 5 –Ria 

testuri davaleba (2 

mokle da 3 gavrcobilpa- 

suxiani) 

wakiTxulis gageba 45 wT 

25% 


Semcveli davaleba; 5 –Ria 

testuri davaleba (2 

mokle da 3 gavrcobilpa- 

suxiani) 

weriTi unar-Cvevebi 45 sT 

25% 

15 – eses tipis davaleba. 

gramatikuli kompetencia 30 wT 

15% 

15 winadadeba - Tavisufa- 

li pasuxi. 

leqsikuri kompetencia 30 wT 

10% 


Semcveli davaleba. 

testirebis drois gansazRvrisTvis mniSvnelovania gaviTvalis- 

winoT testirebis monawileebis/moswavleebis asaki da maTi yuradRe- 

bis koncentraciis Taviseburebebi. ase mag., Tu dawyebiT safexurze,


gansakuTrebiT ki pirvel klasebSi vatarebT tests, igi unda Semoi- 

farglos 45-60 wuTiT, xolo ufrosklaselebsa da zrdasrulebSi 

testireba 2 an 3 saaTis ganmavlobaSic SeiZleba gagrZeldes (SesaZ- 

lebelia SuaSi mciredi SesvenebiT). Tu monawilis kognituri proce- 

sebis Taviseburebebi ar iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli, maSin testis mona- 

cemebis didi nawili daRlilobis an moyirWebis faqtoris zegavle- 

niT iqneba miRebuli. 

miRwevis doneebi: miRwevis doneebi anu moswavleTa SesaZlo 

warmatebis doneebi, romelic testSi aris gansazRvruli, winaswar 

unda iyos gawerili (hagersi, 1992, gv. 50). enaSi "daxelovnebis donee- 

bi" SesaZloa gansazRvruli iyos monawilis/moswavlis mier sworad 

gakeTebuli testuri davalebebis procentuli wiliT. mag., 75% da me- 

ti testuri davalebebis sworad gakeTeba miuTiTebdes "daxelovnebis" 

maRal doneze, 50%-dan 75%-mde testuri davalebebis sworad gakeTeba 

- saSualoze maRal kompetenciaze, 25%-dan 50%-mde - saSualoze da- 

balze, xolo ufro naklebis ki - Zalian dabal doneze. Tu testis 

mizania kompetenciiis garkveuli donis moswavleTa gadarCeva (mag., 

enis swavlebis Semdeg safexurze gadasayvanad), maSin SesaZlebelia 

avirCioT Sefasebis sxva midgoma: moswavles moeTxovebodes testis 

srulad daZleva, magram imisTvis, rom Semdeg safexurze gadavides, 

dawesdes minimaluri zRvari, mag., qulaTa 80%. 

testis miznebidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia miRwevis doneebi 

ufro kompleqsuri iyos. mag., ènaTa flobis zogadevropuli 

kompetenciebi~ gvTavazobs miRwevis doneebis skalas; sanimuSod 

mogvyavs A2 donis aRwera (deskriptorebiTurT): 

1. mosmena 

nela da Zalian garkveviT naTqvami teqstis (mag., gamyidvelisa da myidvelis 

dialogi maRaziaSi) mosmenisas Semswavlels SeuZlia sityvebisa da mokle 

winadadebebis gageba. 

118


SemswavlelisTvis gasagebia saubari, romelic exeba avtomobilis an sxva 

raime nivTis fers, zomas, wonas, moculobas. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia gaigos teqsti, romelic misTvis nacnob Temebs (mag., 

swavla, samsaxuri, Tavisufali dro, ojaxi) exeba. 

saubris mosmenisas Semswavleli xvdeba mosaubreebis ganwyobilebas (rogor 

grZnoben isini Tavs, rogor xasiaTze arian; arian avad, kargad, mxned Tu 

daRlilebi). 

Semswavlels SeuZlia gaigos nela da garkveviT warmoTqmuli teqstis 

ZiriTadi Sinaarsi, Tu igi sayofacxovrebo sakiTxebs exeba. 

Semswavleli mokle da martivi Setyobinebebidan igebs ZiriTad informacias. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia zepirad warmoTqmuli teqstis arsis gageba. 

Tu saubroben nela da garkveviT, Semswavleli igebs ZiriTad informacias 

sportuli angariSis, sasaqonlo reklamis, amindis prognozis Sesaxeb. 

mokle, martivi Setyobinebebidan da ambebidan Semswavlels gamoaqvs 

dedaazri, Tu teqsti dinjad da garkveviT aris naTqvami da misTvis nacnob 

Temebs exeba. 

roca Semswavlels gzas aswavlian, igi xvdeba, rogor unda mivides 

daniSnul adgilamde fexiT, avtobusiT Tu metroTi. 

roca Semswavlels maRaziaSi an transportSi esmis saubari, xvdeba, Tu ras 

exeba igi. 

zepiri mokle teqstidan Semswavlels esmis ZiriTadi informacia im Temebis 

Sesaxeb, romlebic mas ainteresebs. 

2. kiTxva 

Semswavlels SeuZlia wignis saZiebelsa Tu sarCevSi misTvis saintereso 

ZiriTadi informaciis moZieba da gageba. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia Jurnal-gazeTebSi misTvis nawilobriv nacnob Temebze 

agebuli martivi statiebis dedaazris gageba. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia Jurnal-gazeTebis gadaTvalierebisas Tu internetSi 

muSaobisas moipovos da gaigos misTvis saintereso martivi informaciis 

119


ZiriTadi azri, gaerkves Tu ras weren adamianebi sakuTar Tavze, rogor 

axasiaTeben erTmaneTs da mixvdes, vis ra Tviseba aqvs. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia gaigos mokle, martivi teqstis Tu Setyobinebis 

ZiriTadi azri. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia calkeuli frazebisa da xSirad xmarebuli sityvebis 

gageba maSin, roca teqsti misTvis saintereso Temas exeba. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia advilad misaxvedri informaciis moZieba ganrigSi, 

cxrilSi, meniuSi, reklamaSi, gancxadebaSi... 

Semswavlels SeuZlia piradi werilebis gageba. 

3. laparaki 

Semswavlels SeuZlia sakuTar Tavze mokle informaciis gacema (waradginos 

Tavi _ Tqvas vinaoba, misamarTi, telefonis nomeri, saidan aris da sad 

muSaobs). 

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi sityvebiT Tqvas, Tu rogor grZnobs Tavs. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia gadmosces sakuTari ojaxis Sesaxeb ZiriTadi 

informacia (mag., vin arian, ra asakisa da profesiis arian misi ojaxis 

wevrebi). 

Semswavlels SeuZlia Tqvas, romeli sasmeli da saWmeli uyvars / moswons an 

ar uyvars / ar moswons; romel garemoSi (sofelSi, qalaqSi, zRvaze, mTaSi...) 

urCevnia yofna da mokled daasabuTos mizezi. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia Tqvas, ra aris misi hobi (mag., musika, Teatri, kino, 

ferwera, qandakeba, sporti). 

Semswavlels SeuZlia winaswari momzadebis gareSe warmoadginos misTvis 

nacnobi sagani / obieqti (qveyana, musikaluri jgufi, gundi). 

Semswavlels SeuZlia Zalian martivi dasaxelebis sakvebi produqtisa da 

sasmelis dasaxeleba misi yidvis an SekveTis mizniT. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia Tavaziani formebis gamoyenebiT mimarTos sxvas da 

dausvas arcTu rTuli SekiTxva. 

120


Semswavlels SeuZlia mokled da martivad ilaparakos raime movlenis, 

faqtis (mag., wveulebaze, eqskursiaze, gakveTilze) an sakuTari gancdis 

Sesaxeb. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia mokled aRweros sad cxovrobs da rogor SeiZleba 

masTan misvla (transporti, mgzavrobis xangrZlivoba, manZili). 

Semswavlels SeuZlia mokle ambis moyola da movlenebis Tanmimdevrulad 

warmodgena. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia msmenels miawodos informacia sakuTari samsaxuris 

Sesaxeb. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia mokled gadmosces, Tu ras apirebs kviris bolos an 

ardadegebze; SeuZlia moyves, Tu rogor aRniSnaven Sobas an sxva 

dResaswaulebs mis qveyanaSi. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia mokle satelefono saubris warmarTva, mag., Sexvedris 

adgilis daniSvna. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi sityvebiT gamoxatos Tavisi grZnobebi (mag., es 

CemTvis naTelia, meSinia, mSia...). 

Semswavlels SeuZlia iTxovos daxmareba da Sesabamisi reagireba moaxdinos, 

roca mas sTxoven daxmarebas. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia isaubros kviris dReebze, daasaxelos weliwadi, Tve, 

ricxvi, saaTi da yovelive amis Sesaxeb Tavadac dasvas SekiTxvebi. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia damarcvlos sityvebi. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia sxvadasxva sakiTxze daTanxmeba, SekamaTeba, an uaris 

Tqma. 

4. wera 

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi sityvebiT daweros sakuTari saqmianobis 

Sesaxeb (mag., samsaxuris, sportisa da Tavisufali drois Taobaze). 

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi sityvebiT daweros, rom gadaifiqra Sexvedra; 

SeuZlia miwvevaze werilobiT reagireba. 

121


Semswavlels SeuZlia mokle da martivi sityvebiT megobrebs Seatyobinos, 

rom agviandeba / avad aris / sxva saqmiT aris dakavebuli da ar SeuZlia 

daniSnul adgilas misvla. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia TavisTvis Camoweros samecadino gegma kviris dReebisa 

da TariRebis miTiTebiT. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia axloblebis saxelze daweros mosawvevi. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi winadadebebiT aRweros movlena, rodis da ra 

viTarebaSi moxda igi. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia mokle, martivi winadadebebiT misTvis nacnobi 

sagnebisa da adgilebis aRwera. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia nacnobi Temebis Sesaxeb martivi teqstebis Sedgena, 

sakuTari azris werilobiT Camoyalibeba. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi istoriis moyola (mag., lamazad gatarebuli 

ardadegebis an momavali cxovrebis Sesaxeb). 

Semswavlels SeuZlia eleqtronuli fostiT, mokle teqsturi SetyobinebiT 

(SMS-iT) an mokle weriliT nacnobebsa da megobrebs saWiro martivi 

informacia, rCeva miawodos (mag., ama Tu im disketis fasi sxvadasxva 

maRaziaSi, romeli sportuli klubi, sacurao auzi jobs). 

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi, erTmaneTTan logikurad dakavSirebuli 

winadadebebiT aRweros raime movlena. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia suraTebiTa da mokle teqstebiT aRweros mogzaurobis 

mizani. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi gancxadebis dawera, misTvis saintereso 

gancxadebaze reagireba, informaciis ganTavseba axalgazrdul gazeTsa Tu 

veb-gverdze. 

Semswavlels SeuZlia saswavlo dRiurSi martivad Caiweros, rodis ra 

gaakeTa da ra aqvs saswavli. 

122


roca tests vqmniT, unda gvaxsovdes, rom miRwevis doneebis 

aseTi kompleqsuri skalebis SemTxvevaSi, didia subieqturi Sefasebis 

safrTxe da, Sesabamisad, arasando Sedegebis miRebis albaToba. 

amitom, aseT SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom Zalian 

zustad moxdes im kognituri (enobrivi) operaciebis gawera, romlis 

safuZvelzec keTdeba Sefaseba. 

qvemoT warmodgenilia qarTulis, rogorc meore enis flobis 

dasadgenad SemuSavebuli testis specifikaciis nimuSi, romelic 

eyrdnoba erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier 

maswavlebelTaTvis gamocemul saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxiluli testis 

specifikaciis formas (testuri, 2009, gv. 14). 

qarTulis, rogorc meore enis testis specifikaciis nimuSi: 

1. testis saTauri: qarTulis, rogorc meore enis flobis miRwevis 

donis dadgena 

2. testis ZiriTadi mizania Semswavlelis enobrivi kompetenciebis 

dadgena saxelmwifo enis (meore enis) modulis (SL1-is) kompetencieb- 

Tan mimarTebiT (kriteriumTan Sedarebaze dafuZnebuli testebi); ga- 

moyenebuli iqneba miRwevebis testireba, romelic gulisxmobs gamo- 

muSavebuli unarebis testirebas. 

3. mocemuli testiT izomeba testirebis monawilis mier qarTulis, 

rogorc meore enis im modulis (SL1-is) gavlis Sedegad aTvisebuli 

enobrivi kompetenciebi, romlebic ganisazRvra Semswavlelis winaswa- 

ri testirebis safuZvelze. 

4. testireba utardebaT zrdasruli asakis umaRlesi ganaTlebis 

mqone araqarTulenovan pedagogebs, romelTaTvisac saxelmwifo – 

qarTuli ena (romlis testirebac xdeba) meore enaa 

5. testirebis paralelurad, romelic mxolod mosmenis, kiTxvisa da 

weris unarebis Semowmebis saSualebas iZleva, laparakis unaris Se- 

safaseblad dagegmilia intervius formati. 

123


6. informaciis gamoyenebis wesi dgindeba testis Semdgeneli jgufis 

mier. 

7. testirebis xangrZlivoba ganisazRvra 3 saaTiT. 

8. informaciis testis Sinaarsi: 

mimarTuleba: kiTxva 

kiTxulobs da igebs sajaro warwerebs (gamafrTxilebeli warwera, 

gaCerebis/quCis saxeli, maRaziis/sajaro Senobis dasaxeleba, informacia 

yidva-daqiravebis Sesaxeb, memorialuri dafa, sxvadasxva tipis abra sxva), 

savarjiSos pirobas. 

kiTxulobs oficialuri/administraciuli xasiaTis dokumentebs, formula- 

rebs (kviris ganrigi, gakveTilebis cxrili, anketa, savizito baraTi, pirado- 

bis mowmoba, bileTi da sxva). 

kiTxulobs da igebs yofiTi xasiaTis informaciul teqstebs (katalogi, sa- 

marSruto gegma, meniu, kulinaruli recepti). 

kiTxulobs da igebs martiv korespondencias: sxvadasxva xasiaTis Ria baraTs 

(misaloci, mosawvevi, mowvevis samadlobelo da sxva), martiv Setyobinebas. 

amoicnobs teqstis kompoziciur maxasiaTeblebs da naswavl enobriv formebs. 

mimarTavs sxvadasxva strategias Sinaarsis gagebis gasaadvileblad. 

mimarTuleba: wera 

nimuSis mixedviT wers Ria baraTs. 

modelis mixedviT wers sxvadasxva saxis mcire zomis pragmatul teqstebs 

(katalogi, meniu, kulinaruli recepti da sxva). 

modelis mixedviT wers mcire zomis aRweriT teqsts. 

icavs werilobiTi teqstis struqturas, iZens elementarul enobriv unar- 

Cvevebs da cdilobs funqciurad gamoiyenos isini. 

mimarTavs weris strategiebs naweris gaumjobesebis mizniT. 

9. matrica/formati: ix. gv. 118. 

10. qulebis dawera: daxuruli tipis testur davalebebSi 1 an 2 

quliT fasdeba; 1 qula iwereba iseT davalebebSi, romelic mosmenili 

(wakiTxuli) teqstidan implicituri informaciis moZiebas 

gulisxmnobs / martiv codnazea orientirebuli; 2 quliani Sefaseba – 

maRali donis kognitur operaciebze (blumis taqsonomiis mixedviT) 

orientirebul testur davalebebSi. 

eses formatis (Ria tipis) davalebebSi maqsimaluri qula 

ganisazRvreba 5 quliT; gradacia mocemuli iqneba davalebebSi. 

124


testis Sedgena/Seqmna: testSi unda Sediodes specifikaciaSi 

gawerili Sinaarsi. Sinaarsobrivi validaciisa da saswavlo proces- 

Tan kavSiridan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania, rom testi (testuri da- 

valebebi) farTod asaxavdes Sinaarss. rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, 

testi srulad unda moicavdes yvela im unaris, codnisa da Rirebu- 

lebebis Sesafasebel testur davalebebs, romlebic testis mizniT 

gansazRvrul da testis specifikaciaSi dazustebul saswavlo Se- 

degs/indikatoris Seadgenen. mniSvnelovania agreTve sxvadasxva donis 

kognituri operaciebis gaTvaliswinebac da Sesabamisi unarebis Sefa- 

seba. 

arsebobs kognituri unarebis sxvadasxva taqsonomia, magram 

maTgan ganaTlebis sferoSi yvelaze farTod gavrcelebulia benJamen 

blumis kognituri operaciebis taqsonomia (ganmartebiTi,... 2007, gv. 7). 

testebis didi nawilic am meTodologiur safuZvelzea agebuli. ami- 

tom Cven mokled ganvixilavT blumis taqsonomias da testirebaSi mi- 

si misi gamoyenebis mniSvnelobas. 

blumis taqsonomiis mixedviT, kognituri operaciebi iyofa Sem- 

deg doneebad: 

1. codna; 

2. gageba; 

3. gamoyeneba; 

4. analizi; 

5. sinTezi; 

6. Sefaseba. 

blumis mixedviT, pirveli sami done azrovnebis qveda donis 

operaciebia, xolo analizi, sinTezi da Sefaseba ki maRali donis 

kognitur operaciaTa jgufs miekuTvneba. 

codna es aris konkretuli masalis mexsierebaSi arseboba. es 

masala SeiZleba iyos faqtebi, wesebi, procedurebi, terminebi da sxv. 

125


masSi igulisxmeba agreTve garkveuli informaciis damaxsovrebisa da 

aRdgenis unarebic. 

gageba gulisxmobs movlenebis, faqtebis, ambebisa da a.S. saku- 

Tari sityvebiT gadmocemis unars, aseve teqstis ZiriTadi azris gad- 

mocemis unars. 

gamoyeneba es aris aTvisebuli codnis praqtikulad gamoyenebis 

unari, kerZod, saazrovno amocanis gadawyvetis xerxis sxva amocanaze 

gavrcobis/ gadatanis unari an nimuSis mixedviT davalebis Sesrule- 

bis unari. 

analizis dros xorcieldeba movlenaTa Semadgenel nawilebad 

dayofa, maTi gancalkevebulad ganxilva an maT Soris kavSirebis 

dadgena, mizezebis aRmoCena, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis gamovle- 

na da sxv. 

sinTezi moicavs movlenis calkeuli elementebis an nawilebis 

axal struqturul erTeulSi gaerTianebas. 

Sefaseba es aris garkveul kriteriumebze dayrdnobiT daskvne- 

bis gamotanis unari. kerZod, es aris sakuTari poziciis argumentire- 

buli dasabuTeba, teqstis struqturis Sefaseba an gamomxatvelobiTi 

formebis Sefaseba da sxv. 

testis Sedgenisas mniSvnelovania, rom gaviTvaliswinoT kogni- 

turi operaciebis doneebi da monawilis/moswavlis enobrivi kompe- 

tenciebi mxolod dabali an mxolod maRali donis operaciebze 

dayrdnobiT ar SevamowmoT. sasurvelia testis Sinaarsi moicavdes 

yvela donis operacias. Tumca zogierT SemTxvevaSi (mag., moswavleTa 

asakobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebis gamo) SesaZlebelia da- 

bali donis kognituri operaciebi ufro didi woniT iyos warmodge- 

nili testSi, vidre - maRali donis saazrovno operaciebi. romeli 

operaciebi da ra woniT Seadgenen Cveni testis Sinaarsobriv- 

meTodologiur CarCos _ amis Sesaxeb winaswar unda iyos miRebuli 

argumentirebuli gadawyvetileba. saqme isaa, rom codnis operaciebis 

Sesatyvisi testuri davalebebis Sedgena Zalian advilia da xSirad 

126


swored aseTi testuri davalebebi gvxvdeba spontanurad, gauazreb- 

lad Seqmnil testebSi didi doziT. cxadia, TavisTavad aseTi dava- 

lebebis testSi arseboba cudi ar aris, magram mxolod codnaze 

orientirebuli testuri davalebebi SesaZlebelia nakleb informaci- 

uli aRmoCndes testis mizanTan mimarTebiT. gansakuTrebiT es exeba 

enis tests, sadac maRali donis kognituri operaciebis monawileoba 

Zalze mniSvnelovania monawilis/moswavlis enobrivi kompetenciiis 

obieqturi, sando da validuri SefasebisTvis. qvemoT mogvyavs teqs- 

tisa da kognituri operaciebis Sesabamisi testuri davalebebis nimu- 

Sebi: 

teqsti: 

Cemi megobrebi 

me bevri megobari myavs. Cemi uaxloesi megobrebi arian aCi da ana. Cven 

erT ezoSi vcxovrobT, erTad vTamaSobT, erTad davdivarT skolaSi. Cven 

erT klasSi varT. 

wina kviras Cveni saxlis win garaJebi aiRes da fexburTis moedani 

gaakeTes. bavSvebs Zalian gagvixarda, ubednieresebi viyaviT, ufrosebsac 

gauxardaT. marto garaJis patronebi daRondnen. 

axla ezoSi fexburTis gundi gvyavs. me da aCi am gundSi varT. ana ar 

aris am gundSi, am gundSi mxolod biWebi vTamaSobT. 

dRes TamaSi gvaqvs. TamaSi saRamos Svid saaTze iwyeba. dRes dilidan 

wvims. Cven diliT vivarjiSeT da axla visvenebT. 

me axla fanjarasTan vdgavar da viyurebi gareT da vfiqrob. isev 

wvims. gamvlelebi qolgebiT dadian. yvelaferi ruxia, saxlic, moedanic, 

gzebic, cac. 

me ar miyvars wvimaSi TamaSi, aravis ar uyvars wvimaSi TamaSi. arc 

mayurebels moswons aseT amindSi jdoma. is qolgiT an celofniT zis da 

mainc sveldeba. dRes wvimam Tu ar gadaiRo, albaT aravin mova stadionze. 

TamaSis dawyebamde sami saaTi rCeba. moedani carielia. yvela Tavis 

saxlSia Tbilad da iq erToba: uyurebs televizors, kiTxulobs wigns. Cemi 

klaselebi albaT ar movlen fexburTze. arc ana mova. 

amindia. 

TamaSis dawyebamde erTi saaTi darCa. isev wvims, Zalian wvims. cudi 

127


stadioni svelia. Cven stadionze mivdivarT. vemzadebiT matCisTvis. 

tribunebic ivseba. mayureblebi modian da sxdebian. Cveni megobrebi 

ukve movidnen. anac tribunaze zis. me aRar meSinia. ukve momwons wvimaSi Ta- 

maSi, ukeTesia, sainteresoa. 

TamaSi daiwyo. moedani svelia da sirbili Znelia. Cven xSirad vvar- 

debiT miwaze, TamaSis dawyebamde Cven TeTri maisurebi gvecva, axla Cveni 

maisurebi Savia. uZnelesi yofila cud amindSi TamaSi. 

aCi burTiT Sevarda karSi da daeca. 

me gubeSi Camivarda fexi, Tavi ver Sevikave, uaxloes moTamaSes daveci 

zed da davagde. 

mayurebeli erToba. 

dro ise gavida, ver gavigeT. 

TamaSis bolos erTi burTi gavitaneT. 

Cveni megobrebi ubednieresebi iyvnen. tribunebze xtodnen da gvilo- 

cavdnen yviriliT. 

TamaSi male damTavrda. erTiT nuli movigeT. mowinaaRmdege gundma 

nuliT erTi waago. 

da cxeli Cai. 

saxlebSi svelebi davbrundiT. axla cxeli wyali minda. cxeli wyali 

gareT isev wvims. me saxlSi Tbilad vzivar da aRar vfiqrob wvimaze. 

me Cems megobrebze vfiqrob, me Zalian miyvars isini. Cvenze ukeTesi megobrebi 

aravis hyavs! Cven erTad gavimarjveT tribunasa da moedanze! 

instruqcia: yuradRebiT waikiTxeT teqsti da pasuxi gaeciT 

qvemoT moyvanil kiTxvebs. 

vin arian aCis uaxloesi megobrebi? 

vis gauxarda da vis – ewyina garaJebis aReba? 

... 

(am tipis davalebebi eqsplicituri informaciis 

moZiebaze / martivi kognituri operaciebis Sesru- 

lebazea orientirebuli). 

128


sanimuSod moyvanili davalebebi SedarebiT maRali donis kog- 

nituri operaciebis Sesrulebazea orientirebuli: analizs, sinTezsa 

Tu Sefasebas gulisxmobs: 

ganmarteT teqstidan monakveTi: 

`TamaSis dawyebamde Cven TeTri maisurebi gvecva, axla Cveni maisurebi 

Savia~. 

__________________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________ 

rogor ganmartavT aCis sityvebs: 

`Cven erTad gavimarjveT tribunasa da moedanze!~ 

__________________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________ 

129 

da a.S. 

testuri davalebebis Sedgena: xSirad gamoucdel maswavleb- 

lebs miaCniaT, rom testuri davalebebis Sedgena Zalian advilia da 

maT mier Sedgenili yvela testuri davaleba (kiTxva) kargia. sinamd- 

vileSi testuri davalebebis Sedgena Zalian rTuli amocanaa da 

umetes SemTxvevaSi pirvel jerze Sedgenili testuri davalebebis 

did nawils xelaxali gadamuSaveba da daxvewa sWirdeba, nawili ki 

ubralod ar varga da gadasagdebia. 

Sedgenili testuri davalebebis pirveladi gadarCevisaTvis 

saukeTeso gzaa eqspertuli analizi, raTa testur davalebebSi moi- 

Zebnos Secdomebi, uzustobebi da dadgindes, romeli maTgani SiZleba, 

rom gamoswordes / gadamuSavdes da romeli unda gadavagdoT. cnobi- 

lia, rom testuri davalebebis damwerebs garkveuli emociuri damo- 

kidebuleba uyalibdebaT sakuTari namuSevris mimarT da amitom mniSv- 

nelovania, rom isini mimReblebi iyvnen kritikis mimarT da saqmis in-


teresebidan gamomdinare, pozitiurad Seafason da miiRon kritikuli 

SeniSvnebi. 

qulebis dawera: roca testur davalebaSi mxolod erTi swori 

pasuxia, maSin situacia martivia. magram xSirad saklaso testebSi, 

miznidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia misaRebi iyos ramdenime pasuxi. 

roca arsebobs alternatiuli swori pasuxebi, romlebic gansxvave- 

buli qulebiT unda Sefasdes an SesaZlebelia testuri davalebis 

pasuxi nawilobriv sworad CaiTvalos, am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebuli 

yuradRebis gamovlenaa saWiro da qulaTa ganawileba meTodolo- 

giur safuZvels (Sesafasebeli sagnis/unaris taqsonomias) unda emya- 

rebodes. 

testuri davalebebis (kiTxvebis) empiriuli gamocda: testis 

Sedgenis mniSvnelovani etapia testuri davalebebis gamocda. igi 

xorcieldeba saboloo testirebaSi monawile moswavleebis msgavs 

jgufze. am gziT xdeba Sefasebis problemebis identificireba. sac- 

deli testirebebis safuZvelze xdeba testis sandoobis koeficientis 

gamoTvla da dgindeba TiToeuli testuri davalebis gazomvisunaria- 

noba. 

Tu testireba ise Catardeba, rom ar moxdeba testuri davale- 

bebis empiriuli gamocda da winaswari testireba, maSin cxadia, rom 

yvela Secdoma da problema, romelic tests, rogorc gazomvis in- 

struments gaaCnia, testirebis dros warmoCindeba. es SeiZleba iyos 

testis dabali sandooba, Sefasebis araswori sqema/rubrika, qulaTa 

miniWebis araadekvaturi sistema, ufunqcio an sulac cudad momuSave 

testuri davaleba, proceduruli Secdomebi da sxv. amdenad, aseTi 

testis Sedegebi eWvqveS dadgeba, magram ukve dagvianebuli iqneba 

testis gadamuSaveba da xelaxali Catareba. 

130

5. testuri davalebebis tipebi 


testirebaSi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva tipis testuri davalebebi. 

arsebobs maTi kategorizaciis sxvadasxva mcdelobac. terminologiis 

aRrevis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, Cven daveyrdnobiT erovnuli sas- 

wavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier maswavlebelTaTvis Sed- 

genil saxelmZRvaneloSi (testuri..., 2009, gv. 20) mocemul kategori- 

zacias, mokled warmogidgenT testuri davalebis TiToeuli tipis 

daxasiaTebas da moviyvanT magaliTs qarTulis, rogorc meore enis 

testidan. 

qvemoT ganvixilavT testuri davalebebis Semdegi tipebi: 

Sesabamisobis (urTierTmisadagebis); 

klasifikaciis; 

mravlobiTi arCevanis; 

Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis moklepasuxiani; 

Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis gavrcobili pasuxis mqone; 

Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis teqstis "daxurvis"; 

Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis winadadebis Sevsebis da dasru- 

lebis; 

WeSmariteba-mcdarobis; 

problemis gadaWraze orientirebuli. 

rogori tipisac ar unda iyos testuri davaleba (kiTxva) igi moi- 

cavs or ZiriTad nawils. esaa miwodebuli masala (stimulis nawili) 

da pasuxis nawili (testuri, 2009, gv. 21). ganvixiloT TiToeuli maT- 

gani cal-calke. 

miwodebuli masala anu stimuli orgvari SeiZleba iyos: informa- 

ciuli da direqtiuli. xolo pasuxis nawili ki imazea damokidebuli, 

Tu rogoria testuri davaleba. mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis davale- 

131


bebSi arsebobs pasuxTa alternativebi, romelTaganac erTi swori pa- 

suxia da danarCeni ki _ araswori pasuxebi anu distraqtorebi. am 

tipis davalebebSi pasuxi faqtiurad igive Sefasebis sqema anu rubri- 

kaa. masSi warmodgenilia yvela SesaZlo swori pasuxi da yvela Se- 

saZlo araswori pasuxi. 

miwodebuli informaciuli xasiaTis masala _ es aris teqsti, nawy- 

veti, leqsi, romelsac testuri davaleba eyrdnoba an sqema, diagra- 

ma, fotosuraTi, naxati, naxazi, grafiki dasxv., romelic amocanis 

(testuri davalebis) gadaWris safuZvelia. 

miwodebuli direqtiuli xasiaTis masala (stimuli) moicavs wamyvan 

winadadebas anu “birTvs”, romelSic miTiTebulia, Tu ra kiTxvas un- 

da gasces pasuxi moswavlem an ra tipis davaleba unda Sesrulos man. 

faqtobrivad, es aris sakuTriv testuri davalebis kiTxva an davale- 

ba. 

miwodebuli direqtiuli xasiaTis masala anu wamyvani winadadeba, 

Cveulebriv, moicavs iseT sityvebs, rogoricaa, moiZie, amoiwere, 

Seafase, Seadare, Seapirispire, moitane argumenti, gaakeTe inter- 

pretacia, daamtkice, daasabuTe, moaxdine kategorizacia, moax- 

dine klasifikacia, Seqmeni, Seadgine, moigone meTodi, gaakeTe 

gegma da sxv. 

qvemoT mocemulia testuri davalebis nawilebis nimuSebi. 

miwodebuli masalis (stimulis) nimuSebi: 

informaciuli xasiaTis masala (stimuli) 

ixileT 49-e gverdze warmodgenil nimuSSi mocemuli werili. 

direqtiuli xasiaTis masala (stimuli) 

mag: `vin aris werilis adresati? vis swers avtori we- 

rils?~ 

pasuxebis nimuSi mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis testuri davalebisTvis: 

a. daviTs; 

132


b. lias; 

g. zaurs; 

d. levans. 

pasuxebis nimuSi Ria tipis testuri davalebisTvis: 

1. `rodis wers werils avtori? (daasaxeleT Tvis romeli 

dRea da ricxvi)~ 

swori pasuxi: --------------Caiweros --------------- 

qvemoT mocemulia mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis testuri davaleba, ro- 

melSic identificirebulia misi Semadgeneli nawilebi: 

nimuSi. 

MmravlobiTi arCevanis Semcveli testis davalebis nawilebi 

instruqcia enis 

SemswavlelebisTvis 

informaciuli xa- 

siaTis masala (sti- 

muli) 

direqtiuli xasia- 

Tis masala (stimu- 

li - zogadi) 

waikiTxeT Semdegi nawyveti da upasuxeT qve- 

moT motanil kiTxvebs 

gamarjoba, Svilo, rogor xar? deda ro- 

gor aris? Seni Zma xom ar celqobs? 

lia, quTaisSi veRar CamovaRwie. baTumidan 

pirdapir samtrediaSi Cavedi, rogorc Sen 

mTxove, Seni megobrisTvis saCuqris gadasace- 

mad. kargi vqeni, rom Cavedi. mamamisi avad iyo 

da miwa hqondaT gasaToxni. ar meubneboda, ma- 

gram roca gavige, vuTxari, dagexmarebiT-meTqi. 

gvianobamde vimuSaveT da Rame iq darCena momi- 

wia. samSabaTs ki zugdidSi wavedi seminarze. 

xom ici, 16 ivniss iwyeba seminari da dilis 9 

saaTze iq Casvlas ver movaswrebdi. Rame zug- 

didSi, Cems ZmasTan davrCebi. 

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT teqsti da pasuxi gae- 

ciT qvemoT moyvanil kiTxvebs 

133

wamyvani winadadeba 

anu RerZi/birTvi 

pasuxis 

variantebi 

gasaRebi anu 

swori pasuxi 

mcdari pasuxis va- 

riantebi 


vin aris lia daviTisTvis? 

a. coli 

a. coli 

b. Svili 

g. da 

b, g da d 

d. megobari. 

testur davalebebs sam msxvil kategoriad yofen; esenia: 

1. testuri davalebebi, romlebic pasuxis SerCevas moiTxovs. 

am kategoriaSi Sedis 

"WeSmariti-mcdari"-s tipis testuri davalebebi, sadac moce- 

mulia pasuxis mxolod ori alternativaa mocemuli. testire- 

bis monawile/moswavle an adasturebs stimulis nawilSi ga- 

moTqmuli debulebis WeSmaritebas (irCevs pasuxs: "sworia") an 

uaryofs mas da irCevs pasuxs "ar aris swori". am tipis tes- 

turi davalebis dadebiTi mxarea is, rom igi advili Sesadge- 

nia da misi interpretaciac advilia. Tumca mas aqvs uaryofi- 

Ti mxareebic. kerZod, maTi nakli isaa, rom maRalia swori 

pasuxis SemTxveviT gamocnobis albaToba (0.5). amavdroulad, 

isini ver afaseben maRali donis kognitur operaciebs. 

urTierTmisadagebis testuri davalebebi. urTierTmisadagebis 

(Sesabamisobis) tipis testuri davalebebi, sadac moswavlem 

testuri davalebis mocemul direqtiul nawilSi mocemuli 

principiT garkveul stimulebs unda Seusabamos pasuxebi. 

amasTan, pasuxebi SesaZlebelia winaswar gansazRvruli iyos 

an moswavles uwevdes maTi moZebna teqstSi an sakuTar gamoc- 

dilebaSi/codnaSi (mexsierebaSi). Tu pasuxebi winaswar aris 

134


mocemuli, maSin, Cveulebriv, maTi raodenoba aRemateba im 

sityvebis raodenobas, romlebic wyvilebs qmnian. am tipis 

testuri davalebebi sasargebloa kavSirebisa da mimarTebebis 

testirebisaTvis, advilia Sefaseba, advilia am tipis testuri 

davalebebis didi raodenobis Sedgena. maTi nakli isaa, rom 

rTulia instruqciebis sityvieri formulireba. 

mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis testuri davalebebi, sadac 

testirebis monawiles moeTxoveba CamoTvlili SesaZlo 

pasuxebidan airCios erTi pasuxi, romelic mas sworad miaCnia. 

mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom arCeviTpasuxian testur 

davalebebSi mxolod erTi pasuxia swori, xolo danarCeni 

pasuxebi distraqtorebis rols asruleben. aqve 

mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom, Cveulebriv, mravlobiTi 

arCevanis tipis testur davalebebSi gamoiyeneba 3, 4 an 5 

SesaZlo pasuxi. cxadia, rac ufro metia pasuxebis 

alternativebi, miT ufro rTuli xdeba testuri davaleba da 

miT ufro mcirdeba swori pasuxis gamocnobis albaToba. 

pasuxTa sam alternativiani testuri davalebis swori pasuxis 

SemTxveviTad gamocnobis albaToba 33%-s Seadgens, oTx 

pasuxianis - 25%-s, xolo xuTi SesaZlo pasuxis SemTxvevaSi 

gamocnobis albaToba mxolod 20%-ia. amdenad, rac ufro metia 

pasuxTa alternativebi, miT ufro sarwmunoa, rom testuri 

davaleba namdvilad moswavlis codnasa da unars zomavs, da 

ara mis iRbals. Tumca gamocdilebam aCvena, rom TiTqmis 

SeuZlebelia xuTze meti SesaZlo adekvaturi pasuxis 

mofiqreba da maTi raodenobis gazrda mxolod xelovnurad 

aris SesaZlebeli. es pasuxebi ar funqcionirebs, isini 

arafers ar zomaven da, Sesabamisad, sruliad tyuilad 

gvakargvineben jer dros maTze fiqriT da Semdgom adgils 

testis rveulSi. am tipis testuri davalebebi 

mravalferovania - gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva donis kognituri 

135


operaciebis gasazomad, maTi gamoyenebisas SeuZlebelia 

subieqturi Sefaseba, Tumca Znelia mcdari pasuxis variantebis 

formulireba. 

klasifikaciis testuri davalebebi, romelSic testirebis 

monawiles moeTxoveba testur davalebaSi mocemuli masalis 

eqspliciturad an impliciturad mocemuli principiT 

kategorizacia. am tipis testuri davalebebi SedarebiT iolia 

Sesadgenia, advilia maTi Sefasebac, isini kargad gamoiyeneba 

faqtobrivi xasiaTis informaciisa da martivi mimarTebebis 

testirebisTvis. maTi uaryofiTi mxarea is, rom isini 

SezRuduli kognituri operaciebis Sefasebis saSualebas 

iZlevian, radgan ifarglebian faqtebis daxarisxebiT. 

2. testuri davalebebi, romlebic pasuxis konstruirebas moiTxovs. 

am tipis davalebebs xSirad Ria tipis davalebebs uwodeben 

xolme, zemoT ganxiluli testuri davalebebisgan gansxvavebiT, 

romlebic pasuxis SerCevas saWiroeben. am ukanasknelT e.w. daxuruli 

tipis testur davalebebsac uwodeben. Ria testur davalebebSi 

testirebis monawiles moeTxoveba pasuxis konstruireba. aq ar aris 

winaswar mocemuli alternatiul pasuxTa CamonaTvali, monawilem 

TviTon unda Caweros swori pasuxi. aqedan gamomdinare, swori pasuxis 

daStampuli, erTaderTi forma ar arsebobs da SefasebisTvis 

gamoiyeneba Sefasebis sqema/rubrika. testuri davalebebi, romlebic 

pasuxis konstruirebas moiTxoven, Semdegi tipisaa: 

moklepasuxiani testuri davalebebi, sadac erTi an ramdenime 

sityviT xdeba pasuxis gacema. aseTi davaleba Cveulebriv 

moiTxovs mokle da konkretul pasuxs. am tipis testuri 

davalebebi kargad afaseben faqtobriv codnas, advili 

Sesadgenia da advili Sesafasebelia, magram gamousadegaria 

rTuli kognituri operaciebis Sesafaseblad. 

136


testuri davalebebi, romlebic teqstis gamotovebuli 

adgilebis Sevsebas da winadadebebis dasrulebas moiTxovs. am 

tipis testebSi Cveulebriv mocemulia winadadebebi, romlebic 

swori pasuxiT unda dasruldes. swori pasuxis aRmniSvneli 

sityva gamotovebulia. aseTi testuri davalebebi Zalian 

sasargebloa, mag., enis leqsikuri maragis Sesafaseblad. am 

tipis testuri davalebebiT advilia faqtobrivi codnis 

Sefaseba, minimumamde dadis gamocnobis SesaZlebloba, isini 

advili Sesadgeni da Sesafasebelia, magram isini ver zomaven 

maRali donis kognitur operaciebs. 

testuri davalebebi, romlebic teqstis "daxurvas" moiTxovs. 

am tipis testebSi Cveulebriv mocemulia erTi an ramdenime 

winadadeba, sadac gamotovebulia garkveuli sityvebi. 

testirebis monawiles moeTxoveba winadadebebis dasruleba an 

Sevseba. am tipis testuri davalebebi gansakuTrebiT farTod 

gamoiyeneba enobrivi kompetenciebis Sesafaseblad. SesaZlebe- 

lia, testur davalebaSi sityvebi ki ar iyos gamotovebuli, 

aramed - sityvis TavsarTebi an bolosarTebi. am SemTxvevaSi 

moswavles moeTxoveba gamotovebuli adgilebis Sevseba ise, 

rom winadadeba gramatikulad gamarTuli iyos. aseTi tipis 

testuri davalebebi advili Sesadgenia, kargad zomavs leqsi- 

kur marags da gramatikuli wesebis codnas, Tumca dazRveuli 

ar aris SemTxveviTi pasuxebisgan. 

testuri davaleba, romelic gavrcobil pasuxs moiTxovs (Tema 

da ese). aseTi tipis testuri davaleba kandidatisgan moiTxovs 

raime Temaze testis teqstSi mocemul informaciaze an saku- 

Tar gamocdilebze dayrdnobiTDSeadginos garkveuli argumen- 

tirebuli Txzuleba. am tipis testuri davaleba metad Sroma- 

tevadia, igi drosa da energias moiTxovs, rogorc testuri 

davalebis Semqmnelisagan, aseve testirebaSi monawilisgan. 

rogorc zemoT iyo naCvenebi, eses Sefasebis sqema winaswar 

137


unda iyos Camoyalibebuli da mkacrad gawerili. amasTan ze- 

moT moyvanili nimuSi sulac ar warmoadgens erTaderT swor 

Sefasebis sqemas esesa Tu TemisTvis. Sefasebis rubrika damo- 

kidebulia imaze, Tu ris Sefaseba gvinda testiT da am kon- 

kretuli testuri davalebiT. meore mxriv, eses an Temis dawe- 

ras garkveuli dro sWirdeba da, aqedan gamomdinare, testire- 

bis specifikaciaSi misTvis adekvaturi dro unda iyos ga- 

moyofili. droiTi da sxva argumentebis (mag., standartizebis, 

Sefasebis obieqturobis da a.S.) gaTvaliswinebiT, xSirad ase- 

Ti testuri davalebis moculoba SemosazRvrulia sityvaTa 

raodenobiT, mag., maqsimum 100-150 sityviT. aseTi testuri da- 

valebebi iZleva maRali donis kognituri operaciebisa da un- 

arebis Sefasebis saSualebas. maTTvis Zneli Sesadgenia Sefa- 

sebis rubrika da Zneli da Sromatevadia Sefaseba. ar aris ga- 

moricxuli subieqturoba. 

problemis gadaWris Semcveli testuri davalebebi, romlebic 

SesaZlebelia eses kategoriaSi movaTavsoT, radgan am tipis 

davalebaSi Cveulebriv mocemulia erTi sakiTxis Sesaxeb ori 

alternatiuli mosazreba da testirebis monawiles moeTxoveba 

sakuTaris poziciis dafiqsireba da sakuTari gamocdilebidan 

an wakiTxuli masalidan motanili magaliTebiT da argumente- 

biT gamyareba. aseTi testuri davalebebic, iseve, rogorc ese 

da Tema iZleva maRali donis kognituri operaciebisa da un- 

arebis Sefasebis saSualebas. Tumca Zneli Sesadgenia Sefase- 

bis rubrika da Zneli da Sromatevadia Sefaseba. igi ar aris 

dazRveuli subieqturobisgan. 

qvemoT ganxilulia testuri davalebebis nimuSebi: 

138


1. WeSmariti-mcdarobis tipis testuri davalebis nimuSi: 

daviTi zugdidSi Tavis ZmasTan darCa. 

a) sworia 

b) mcdaria. 

2. Sesabamisobis (urTierTmisadagebis) tipis testuri davalebis 

nimuSi: 

moZebneT sinonimuri wyvilebi da daakavSireT erTmaneTs isrebiT: 

an 

mamaci daasrula 

daamTavra guladi 

mokurcxla gadaeRoba 

win gadaudga gaqusla 

gaixsene sapirispiro sityva: 

• dila ................................. 

• SuadRe ................................. 

• adriani ........................... 

3. klasifikaciis tipis testuri davalebis nimuSi. 

daalageT qronologiuri TanamimdevrobiT, ra ris mere moxda: 

a) sadili restoranSi 

b) zugdidSi Casvla 

g) dmanisis pirveli sajaro skolis direqtoris moxseneba 

d) samtrediaSi Casvla 

e) zugdidSi ZmasTan gasvla 

v) seminaris dawyeba 

z) ministris moadgilis gamosvla 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

139


4. mravlobiTi arCevanis tipis testuri davalebis nimuSi: 

romel ricxvSi Cavida daviTi lias megobarTan: 

a. 13-Si 

b. 14-Si 

g. 15-Si 

d. 16-Si. 

5. Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis teqstis "daxurvis" tipis 


daurTeT saTanado Tandebulebi saxelebs: 

yvelani saxl......... vbrundebiT; am adamian........ yvela kargs am- 

bobs; Teatr........ dRes premieraa; saxurav........ karlsoni dabi- 

navda; am ambav....... didxans vfiqrobdi; skola........ mivdivar; 

Tixis........ WurWeli keTdeba; saxlisa........ wavedi. 

an 

mocemuli formebidan SearCieT swori forma: 

midixarT movida waxval 

miva waval midian wavsulvar midis 

wavedi waxvediT 

1. me salomesTan ___________________________________. 

2. guSin skolaSi ver ___________________________________. 

3. xval Sen ___________________________________ skolaSi? 

4. naTia marikasTan ___________________________________ da mere 

erTad _______________________________ CemTan. 

5. sad ___________________________________ guSin Sen da rezo? 

6. guSinwin da guSin skolaSi ar _________________________________. 

7. sad ___________________________________ Sen da merabi? 

140


8. sad _____________________ nana? _ is da niniko TeatrSi 

_____________________. 

9. xval skolaSi ver ____________________________, avad var. 

10. nona ____________________? _ ara, jer ar _______________________. 

6. Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis moklepasuxiani testuri dava- 

lebis nimuSi. 

moifiqre wakiTxuli moTxrobisaTvis saTauri. 

an 

rodis wers werils avtori? (daasaxeleT Tvis romeli dRea da ricx- 

vi). 

________________________________________________________________________ 

an 

vis moxsenebebs daeswro seminaris pirvel dRes daviTi? CamoTvaleT. 

________________________________________________________________________ 

7. nimuSi testuri davalebisa, romelic carieli adgilis Sevse- 

basa da winadadebis dasrulebas moiTxovs: 

daasruleT winadadeba: 

`giorgim davaleba Seasrula da dafasTan . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8. Ria anu pasuxis konstruirebis ganvrcobili pasuxis mqone 

testuri davalebis nimuSi (mokle Tema da ese) 

warmoidgineT, rom wasuli xarT mivlinebaSi kolegasTan erTad. 

miswereT werili Tqveni ojaxis wevrs (meuRles, dedas, Svils...); 

mouyeviT, sad xarT, visTan erTad, rogori amindia, ras akeTebT 

dilas, SuadRisas, saRamoTi; moifiqreT, ras gaakeTebT Tqveni ojaxis 

wevrebTan erTad, roca mivlinebidan dabrundebiT. 

sityvebis minimaluri raodenoba - 50, maqsimaluri _ 100 

141


9. gadasaWreli problemebis Semcveli testuri davalebis nimuSi 

gamoxateT sakuTari pozicia mocemul TemasTan dakavSirebiT: 

umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebaSi swavlisas saWiroa Tu 

ara saSinao davalebebis Sesruleba? 

142


6. damatebiTi rCevebi testis SeqmnisaTvis 

rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, testis Seqmnisas mniSvnelovania 

srulad davfaroT saswavlo masala da amisTvis ki aucilebelia 

testSi sxvadasxva tipis testuri davalebebis gamoyeneba. isini saSu- 

alebas gvaZleven, sxvadasxva gzebiT da wyaroebiT SevagrovoT in- 

formacia testirebis monawilis enobrivi kompetenciebis Sesaxeb. ase- 

Ti masala ki metad sando da validuria, vidre erTgvarovani testuri 

davalebebidan Segrovebuli monacemebi. 

testuri davalebebis formulirebisas gaiTvaliswineT, rom 

isini Seesabamebodnen moswavleTa klasis, donis an saganmanaTleblo 

safexurisTvis dadgenil garkveul standartebs an normebs. 

aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia testuri davalebebis sirTulis da 

moculobis Sesatyvisoba moswavleTa asakTan da maTi kognituri un- 

arebis ganzomilebebTan. gamoiyeneT asakisa da codnis donis adekva- 

turi sirTulis ena. 

ecadeT, testuri davalebebi, gansakuTrebiT ki davalebis di- 

reqtiuli masala martivad, cxadad da mokled iyos formulirebuli; 

mravlobiTi arCevanis testur davalebebSi moerideT xelovnur 

pasuxebs, ecadeT, SesaZlo pasuxebi bunebrivad JRerdnen; gaxsovdeT, 

rom aseTi tipis davalebebSi mxolod erTi swori pasuxi unda iyos; 

Ria tipis testur davalebebSi Sefasebis sqema/rubrika unda Seesa- 

tyvisebodes Sesatyvisoba testur davalebas da igi maqsimalurad 

sruli unda iyos. 

daicaviT testuri davalebebis avtonomiuroba, rac imas niS- 

navs, rom erTi testuri davaleba ar unda uwyobdes xels sxva tes- 

tur davalebaze swori pasuxis gacemas. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, erT 

testur davalebaze gacemuli pasuxi ar unda iyos damokidebuli 

meore testur davalebaSi nagulisxmev informaciaze. am Tvalsazri- 

siT, cudi testuri davalebebis nimuSia Semdeg magaliTi: 

143

stimuli (teqsti): 


lia, quTaisSi veRar CamovaRwie. baTumidan pirdapir samtredia- 

Si Cavedi, rogorc Sen mTxove, Seni megobrisTvis saCuqris gadasace- 

mad. kargi vqeni, rom Cavedi. mamamisi avad iyo da miwa hqondaT gasa- 

Toxni. ar meubneboda, magram roca gavige, vuTxari, dagexmarebiT- 

meTqi. gvianobamde vimuSaveT da Rame iq darCena momiwia. samSabaTs ki 

zugdidSi wavedi seminarze. xom ici, 16 ivniss iwyeba seminari da di- 

lis 9 saaTze iq Casvlas ver movaswrebdi. Rame zugdidSi, Cems ZmasTan 

davrCebi. 

miwis Toxna daiwyes: 

a. orSabaTs 

b. samSabaTs 

g. oTxSabaTs 

d. kviras. 

romel ricxvSi Cavida daviTi lias megobarTan: 

a. 13-Si 

b. 14-Si 

g. 15-Si 

d. 16-Si. 

teqstis mixedviT, ra dRe iyo 14 maisi: 

a. orSabaTi 

b. samSabaTi 

g. oTxSabaTi 

d. kvira. 

yvela am davalebaSi sakmaod rTuli logikuri operaciebis 

Catarebaa saWiro swori pasuxebis amosacnobad (analizi, sinTezi...). 

Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom Tuki erTi maTganis amocnoba moaxerxa enis 

Semswavlelma (logikuri operaciebis saSualebiT da ara SemTxveviTi 

144


mignebiT), danarCenebisTvis amave operaciebis warmoeba aRar uwevs da, 

Sesabamisad, momdevno ori davaleba aRarafers gvaZlevs misi kompe- 

tenciebis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT. 

amasTanave, testuri davalebebis Sedgenisas moerideT: 

gamoricxeT: 

rTuli Sedgenili winadadebebis gamoyenebas; 

uaryofiT an ormagad uaryofiT winadadebebs; 

ramdenime kiTxvis Semcvel direqtiul masalas; 

zedmeti, arasaWiro, miznisgan daSorebuli informaciis 

Semcvel masalas; 

specialur maxeebs, “xrikebs”, “gamoWeras”; 

zedmetad literaturul enas an Jargons; 

iseT sityvebs, rogoricaa “yovelTvis”, “arasdros”; 

sxvadasxva sigrZis pasuxebs. 

Secdomebi (SemTxveviTi, teqnikuri); 

arasrulad miwodebuli masala; 

pasuxis Semcveli masalis miwodeba; 

ararsebuli/SeuZlebeli pasuxis micema. 

145


7. testirebis monacemebis pirveladi analizi 

testis administrirebisa (Catarebisa) da monacemTa Segrovebis 

Semdeg xorcieldeba testirebis Sedegebis - empiriuli monacemebis 

fsiqometruli analizi testuri davalebebis daxvewis mizniT. amisT- 

vis tardeba specialuri fsiqometruli analizi da pirvel rigSi 

dgindeba TiToeuli testuri davalebis sirTule da diskriminaciis 

indeqsi. sirTule pirvel etapze ganisazRvreba im moswavleTa (kandi- 

datTa) procentuli wiliT, romlebmac sworad gaakeTes mocemuli 

testuri davaleba. Cveulebriv, testis Semqmnelebi eridebian testSi 

iseTi testuri davalebebis gamoyenebas, romlebic Zalian advilia an 

Zalian rTulia. mag., Tu Tu testuri davalebas monawileTa TiTqmis 

100%-ma gaarTva Tavi an piriqiT _ TiTqmis vercerTma moswavlem ver 

gasca swori pasuxi, maSin aseTi testuri davaleba arafers ar zo- 

mavs, radgan pirvel SemTxvevaSi Cven mxolod is viciT, rom jgufis 

yoveli wevrisaTvis es davaleba Zalian advilia anu yvelas aqvs sak- 

marisi codna am davalebis Sesasruleblad, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi 

- jgufis yoveli wevrisaTvis es davaleba Zalian rTuli aRmoCnda 

anu arc erT moswavles ar aRmoaCnda sakmarisi codna mis gadasawyve- 

tad. aseTi testuri davalebebi ver gvexmarebian moswavleTa saseleq- 

ciod codnisa da unarebis TvalsazrisiT. arc kriteriumze orienti- 

rebuli interpretaciisTvis aris aseTi testuri davalebebi sasar- 

geblo, radgan Cven ver vigebT, rogoria sxvaobebi testirebaSi mona- 

wile moswavleebs Soris codnisa da unarebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, 

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom am tipis davalebebi karg orientirs war- 

moadgens maswavleblisTvis an damwyebi specialistisTvis testuri 

davalebebis daxvewaSi. 

meore mniSvnelovani Tviseba, romelic testur davalebas unda 

hqondes, es aris diskriminaciis unari, romelsac gansazRvraven, ro- 

gorc davalebis unars, gaarCios dabali, saSualo da maRali codnis 

146


donis mqone moswavleebi erTmaneTisgan. davalebis am unaris gamosaT- 

vlelad specialuri fsiqometruli meTodebi gamoiyeneba. analizis 

Sedegad dabali diskriminaciis unaris mqone testuri davalebebi sa- 

Wiroa an gaumjobesdes, an, ubralod, `gadaiyaros~. Cveulebriv, tes- 

turi davalebebis Sedegebis fsiqometruli analizis safuZvelze, 

testis damwerebi da sagnis eqspertebi cdiloben, gaaumjobeson tes- 

turi davalebebi. testis Seqmnis es etapi sakmaod rTulia da igi 

specialur codnasa da gamocdilebas moiTxovs. am etapze xorciel- 

deba TiToeuli e.w. "cudi" testuri davalebis detaluri analizi. ga- 

nixileba testuri davalebis TiToeuli nawili (stimuli, birTvi, pa- 

suxebi); mowmdeba Sinaarsobrivi mxaris siswore, teqnikuri gamarTu- 

loba, sastimulo masalis Sesatyvisoba pasuxebTan, swori pasuxisa da 

distraqtorebis adekvaturoba, Sefasebis sqemis anu rubrikis adekva- 

turoba da sisrule. 

amgvarad, sanam saboloo testi Sedgeba, masSi Semavali testu- 

ri davalebebi safuZvlianad mowmdeba rogorc sagnis eqspertebis 

mier, aseve - fsiqometruladac. 

testis Sedegebis analizi rTul fsiqometrul meTodebzea da- 

fuZnebuli da igi specialur codnas moiTxovs. Tumca, testirebis 

Sedegebis martivi analizi SesaZlebelia saklaso pirobebSic. amitom 

qvemoT mokled ganvixiloT testis Sedegebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeble- 

bi da monacemTa Sedarebis instrumentebi. 

sixSireTa ganawileba testSi monawileTa mier miRebuli qule- 

bis (monacemebis) ubralo CamonaTvalia. magaliTad, marTlweris 

testSi 19-ma moswavlem daagrova es qulebi: 100, 95, 90, 86, 84, 85, 80, 75, 

75, 75, 70, 65, 60, 60, 55, 50, 50, 45, 40. am monacemebis warmodgena SesaZ- 

lebelia grafikuladac, mag., histogramis saxiT. 

centraluri tendenciis maCvenebeli da standartuli gadaxra. 

saSualo, Cveulebriv, jgufis monacemebis saSualo ariTmetikulia. 

mis gamosaTvlelad monacemebi unda SekriboT da miRebuli ricxvi 

gavyoT monacemebis raodenobaze. magaliTad, Tu marTlweris testSi 

147


19 monawilem mTlianad daagrova 1340 qula, saSualo iqneba 1340/19, 

anu 70,53. saSualos gamoTvla erT-erTi gzaa jgufis monacemTa cen- 

traluri tendenciis Sesafaseblad. 

Tumca, jgufSi arsebuli Zalian maRali an Zalian dabali qu- 

lebi gavlenas axdens saSualoze da amaxinjebs saerTo suraTs. am 

SemTxvevaSi jgufis maCveneblebis centraluri tendenciis Sesafaseb- 

lad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sxva sazomebi. esenia mediana da moda. me- 

diana aris zrdadobis an klebadobis mixedviT dalagebul monacemTa 

ganawilebis Sualeduri ricxvi. zemoT ganxiluli 19 maCveneblis me- 

diana aris 75. cxra maCvenebeli ganawilebaSi 75-ze meti an misi tolia 

da cxrac masze naklebi. rodesac aris ramdenime Zalian maRali an 

ramdenime Zalian dabali maCvenebeli, mediana SeiZleba ukeTesad war- 

moadgendes jgufis mTavar tendencias. moda aris is maCvenebeli, ro- 

melic yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba. zemoT warmodgenil monacemebSi moda 

85-a, radgan igi samjer meordeba. 

jgufis monacemebis daxasiaTebisTvis mxolod centraluri 

tendenciis sazomi ar aris sakmarisi, radgan SesaZlebelia ori jgu- 

fis monacemTa saSualo ariTmetikuli erTnairi iyos, magram maTSi 

monacemebi sxvadasxvagvarad iyos ganawilebuli. magaliTad, erTSi 

monacemebi mcired gansxvavdebodes saSualo ariTmetikulisgan, xolo 

meoreSi ki monacemTa gabnevis diapazoni didi iyos. 

standartuli gadaxra gviCvenebs ramdenad gansxvavdeba maCve- 

neblebi saSualosgan. rac ufro didia standartuli gadaxra, miT 

ufro vrclad aris ganawilebuli maCveneblebi. da piriqiT rac ufro 

mcirea standartuli gadaxra, miT ufro axlosaa saSualosTan mona- 

cemebi ganlagebuli. 

standartuli gadaxris gamoTvla skolis sabazo safexurze is- 

wavleba, igi sakmaod advili gamosaTvlelia, magram mas garkveuli 

dro sWirdeba. standartuli gadaxris gamoTvlis safexurebia: 

1. monacemTa saSualo ariTmetikulis gamoTvla; 

148


2. TiToeuli monacemisa da saSualo ariTmetikulis sxvaobis ga- 

moTvla; 

3. miRebuli monacemebis kvadratebis gamoTvla; 

4. miRebuli monacemebis saSualo ariTmetikulis gamoTvla; 

5. miRebuli monacemidan kvadratuli fesvis amoReba. 

N jgufis qulebis (monacemebis) saSualo ariTmetikulisa da 

standartuli gadaxris codna gvexmareba moswavlis monacemis mniSv- 

nelobis garkvevaSi. magaliTad, davuSvaT, rom testSi miiReT 60 qula. 

es faqti Zalian gagaxarebT, Tu gecodinebaT, rom jgufis saSualo 

50-is tolia, xolo standartuli gadaxra 4-s udris. am SemTxvevaSi 

Tqveni maCvenebeli saSualoze bevrad maRalia. magram Tu jgufis sa- 

Sualo ariTmetikuli igivea, magram standartuli gadaxra 20-is to- 

lia, maSin Tqveni monacemi aRar aris iseTi maRali, radgan igi axlos 

aris saSualo qulasTan. sakiTxSi ukeT gasarkvevad ganvixiloT nor- 

maluri ganawileba da misi maxasiaTeblebi. 

normaluri ganawileba. Zalian bevri bunebrivad mimdinare fi- 

zikuri, socialuri da fsiqologiuri fenomeni (maT Soris kognitu- 

ri) normaluradaa ganawilebuli, rac martivi eniT imas niSnavs, rom 

Zalian mcire da Zalian didi monacemebi SedarebiT iSviaTad gvxvdeba, 

xolo saSualo monacemebi ki SedarebiT xSirad. magaliTad, Zalian 

iSviaTia Zalian Wkviani (geniosi) adamianebi da aseve iSviaTia Zalian 

sulelic _ adamianTa umravlesobas saSualo inteleqti aqvs an iS- 

viaTia Zalian dabali an Zalian maRali adamianebi, adamianebis umete- 

soba saSualo simaRlisaa. igive viTarebaa testirebis drosac, cxa- 

dia, rodesac testireba moswavleTa sakmarisad did jgufSi tardeba: 

iSviaTad gvxvdeba Zalian dabali an zalian maRali qulebi da mos- 

wavleTa umravlesobis qulebi saSualo diapazonSi Tavsdeba. swored 

amitom standartuli gadaxra SesaniSnavi gzaa testis Sedegebis ga- 

sagebad. gansakuTrebiT gvadgeba maSin, roca Sedegebi normalurad 

149


aris ganawilebuli. normalur ganawilebas grafikulad zaris forma 

aqvs da igi qvemoT mocemul suraTzea warmodgenili. 

normalur ganawilebaSi saSualo, mediana da moda erTmaneTs 

emTxveva. amasTanave, monacemTa normaluri ganawilebis SemTxvevaSi 

jgufis monacemTa 68% Tavsdeba intervalSi, romelic metia erTi 

standartuli gadaxriT saSualo ariTmetikulze da aseve erTi stan- 

dartuli gadaxriT naklebia masze. monacemTa 95% Tavsdeba saSualo 

aritmetikulidan plius minus ori standartuli gadaxris interval- 

Si, xolo monacemTa 99% ki – sami standartuli gadaxris intervalSi. 

cxadia, am codnaze dayrdnobiT Cven SegviZlia SevafasoT, ramdenad 

kargia testirebaSi miRebuli konkretuli qula. zemoT ganxilul ma- 

galiTs Tu davubrundebiT, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom pirvel SemTxveva- 

Si Tqveni qula 60 quliT Tqven saukeTeso 2%-Si moxvdiT, xolo meore 

SemTxvevaSi ki Tqveni 60 qula saSualoa, radganac aseTi da masze me- 

ti monacemi testirebaSi monawile moswavleebis naxevars aqvs. 

150

Tavi 4 

Sefasebis meTodebi 


1. skalebis SemuSavebis meTodebi 

gansxvavebul doneTa arseboba gulisxmobs imas, rom unarebi 

SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT mxolod erT da ara sxva dones da rom enis 

flobis gansazRvruli donis parametrebi miekuTvneba erT 

gansazRvrul dones da ara sxvas. yovelive es gulisxmobs garkveuli 

erTgvarovani skalis arsebobas. arsebobs ramdenime meTodi, romelTa 

daxmarebiT enis flobis parametrebi SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT 

gansxvavebul doneebs. es meTodebi SeiZleba davyoT sam jgufad: 

intuituri, Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi. enis flobis Sefasebis 

arsebul skalaTa umetesoba da doneTa sxva sistemebi SemuSavda 

intuituri meTodebis pirveli jgufis erT-erTi Semadgenlis 

meSveobiT. saukeTeso midgoma aerTianebs samive meTods imgvarad, rom 

maT Seavson da gaaZlieron dadebiTi zemoqmedeba erTi-meoris mimarT. 

Tvisebrivi meTodebi gulisxmoben masalis intuitur momzadebasa da 

SerCevas, amasTanave, Sedegis intuitur Sefasebas. raodenobrivi 

meTodebi unda axorcielebdnen Tvisebrivi meTodebis saSualebiT 

winaswar testirebuli masalis aRnusxvas; isini unda Seivsos 

Sedegebis intuituri interpretaciiT. amgvarad, doneTa 

zogadevropuli sistemis SemuSavebisas gamoyenebuli iqna intuituri, 

Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi meTodebis Sexameba.. 

Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi meTodebis gamoyenebisas SeiZleba 

daviwyoT rogorc indikatorebidan, ise qcevis nimuSebidan. 

151


indikatorebidan dawyebisas: pirveli amosavali punqti _ unda 

iqnes gaazrebuli is, ris aRwerasac vapirebT, xolo Semdeg 

movaxdinoT mniSvnelovani kategoriebisTvis aucilebeli 

indikatorebis nusxis redaqtireba da Tavmoyra, raTa mivceT maT 

Tvisebrivi meTodebis gamoyenebis etapisTvis momzadebis saxe. aseTi 

meTodika ufro gamarTlebulia iseTi kategoriis indikatorTa 

SemuSavebisas, romlebic saswavlo programaSi Sedis, rogorc 

qmedebis komunikaciuri saxeebi, magram igive meTodika SeiZleba 

gamoviyenoT enobrivi kompetenciis calkeuli aspeqtebis indikatorTa 

SemuSavebis drosac, dawyebiT etapze indikatorebisa da kategoriebis 

formulireba iZleva Teoriulad dabalansebuli sistemis 

Camoyalibebis saSualebas (dawvrilebiT ix. enaTa flobis... (1), 2008, 

gv. 199-201). 

qcevis nimuSebidan dawyebisas: alternatiuli midgoma, romlis 

drosac indikatorTa sistemis SemuSaveba iwyeba enis flobis donis 

Sefasebis mizniT, iwyeba qcevis tipobrivi nimuSebiT. aseTi 

midgomisas gamomcdeli afasebs imas, rasac xedaven nimuSebTan 

muSaobis procesSi. kerZod, Semfasebeli aRwers SemoTavazebul 

nimuSebs. Semdgom es aRwera muSavdeba statistikuri meTodebis 

gamoyenebiT, imis gamosavlenad, Tu romeli maxasiaTeblebia sakvanZo 

ZiriTadi SefasebisTvis (Tvisebrivi meTodebi). am midgomis 

upiratesoba isaa, rom miRebuli aRwera eyrdnoba konkretul 

monacemebs. 

statistikuri meTodebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT ara mxolod 

zogadi skalis SemuSavebisTvis, aramed skalis SemuSavebis 

Semdgomac, misi praqtikuli gamoyenebis dasabuTebisa da gadasinjvis 

dadgenis aucileblobisTvis. 

(dawvrilebiT ix. enaTa flobis... (1), 2008, gv. 199-203). 

152

a. intuituri meTodebi 


es meTodebi ar moiTxovs monacemTa specialurad organizebul 

Tavmoyras, isini efuZneba gamocdilebis interpretacias garkveuli 

principebis Sesabamisad. 

I. eqsperti: skala iqmneba eqspertTa jgufis mier arsebuli 

skalebis, saswavlo programebisa da sxva mniSvnelovani masalebis 

safuZvelze. SesaZloa im jgufis moTxovnilebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, 

romlisTvisac es skala muSavdeba. amis Semdeg jgufi axdens skalis 

aprobacias da koreqtirebas, dasaSvebia informantebis monawileobac. 

II. komiteti: muSaobs iseve, rogorc eqsperti, Tumca aq CarTulia 

SemmuSaveblis mcirericxovani da konsultantebis didi jgufi, 

romelic axdens SemmuSaveblis mier SemoTavazebuli variantebis 

recenzirebas. konsultantebma SeiZleba imuSaon intuiciaze 

dayrdnobiT, TavianTi gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, da / an sakuTari 

Tavis SemswavlelebTan an urTierTSorisi sametyvelo qcevis 

nimuSebis Sedarebis gziT. 

III. gamocdilebis gziT: muSaobs iseve, rogorc komiteti, magram 

procesi ufro didxans grZeldeba da dasruldeba èrTiani 

Tvalsazrisis~ gamomuSavebiT. specialistTa jgufi iziarebs 

Sefasebis kriteriumebisa da doneebis sistemis garkveul gagebas. 

formulirebaTa dazustebis mizniT SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes 

eqsperimentuli pilotireba da misi Sedegebis ganxilva. 

gamomcdelebma SeiZleba imsjelon indikatorTa formulirebasa da 

enobriv qcevas Soris arsebul mimarTebaze, an imaze, Tu rogor 

iwvevs erTis cvlileba meoris cvlilebas. es _ enobrivi 

kompetenciis doneTa SemuSavebis tradiciuli saSualebaa (enaTa 

flobis... (1), 2008, gv. 200). 

153

. Tvisebrivi meTodebi 


es meTodebi gulisxmobs samuSao seqciaTa gamoyenebas 

informatebis TanamonawileobiT da miRebuli Sedegebis Tvisebriv da 

ara statikur interpretacias. 

I. sakvanZo konceptebis formulireba: winaswari skalis Seqmnis 

Semdeg yvelaze martivi meTodia _ misi dayofa nawilebad da 

informantebisTvis (am skalis momxmarebelTa im jgufis tipobrivi 

warmomadgenlebisTvis romlebic gamoiyeneben mas SemdgomSi) 

miwodeba, raTa maT (a) ganalagon gansazRvrebebi im TanamimdevrobiT, 

romelic maT miaCniaT marTebulad, (b) ganmarton, ratom miaCniaT ase 

da mas mere, rac gamovlindeba sxvaoba Tavdapirvelsa da maT mier 

SemoTavazebul wyobas Soris. (g) warmoaCinon, romeli sakvanZo 

debulebebi exmarebodaT da romeli uSlidaT xels. es meTodi 

SeiZleba gavarTuloT, movxsnaT erT-erTi done da SevTavazoT im 

xarvezis moZebna, romelic miuTiTebs gamotovebul doneze. aseTi 

meTodiT iqna SemuSavebuli skalebi sertificirebisTvis 

evrocentrebSi. 

II. sakvanZo cnebebi _ enobrivi qceva: indikatorebi Seefardeba 

tipur enobriv qcevebs gamoyofil doneebze imgvarad, rom raimes 

aRwera Seesabamebodes realurad mimdinare movlenebs. kembrijis 

zogierT sagamocdo cnobarSi mocemulia am procesis aRwera 

gamomcdelebisaTvis. aq erTmaneTs udardeba sxvadasxva skalis 

indikatorTa formulirebebi da is Sefasebebi, rac daimsaxures 

konkretulma sagamocdo namuSevrebma. enobrivi testirebis 

saerTaSoriso sistemis (IELTS) CarCoSi indikatorTa Seqmnis procesSi 

profesional gamomcdelebs sTxoves, ganesazRvraT `tipobrivi 

namuSevris nimuSi~ yoveli donisTvis, Semdeg ki gamoevlinaT yoveli 

154


namuSevris `sakvanZo Taviseburebebi~. is Taviseburebebi, romlebic 

sxvadasxva donisTvis tipobrivad iqneba miCneuli, sabolood 

indikatorebSi ganTavseba saTanado msjelobis Semdeg. 

III. pirveladi daxasiaTeba: individualuri informatorebi 

ganalageben namuSevrebs (rogorc wesi, werilobiTs) garkveuli 

TanamimdevrobiT. jgufuri ganxilvisas yvela daxarisxebuli 

namuSevari ganlagdeba erTiani TanamimdevrobiT. Semdgom xdeba im 

principis gamoyofa, misi gamovlenis aRwera, ris mixedviTac moxda 

daxarisxeba. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva im mimarTulebebs, 

romlebic yoveli donisTvis individualuria. is, rac iyo aRwerili, 

warmoadgens pirvelad daxasiaTebas, swored is gansazRvravs 

ganlagebis wesebs. am meTodis nairsaxeobas warmoadgens namuSevrebis 

ramdenime wyebad dalageba erTiani rigis nacvlad. am klasikur 

midgomasac aqvs Tavisi mravalganzomilebiani sortirebis varianti. 

am SemTxvevaSi sakvanZo Taviseburebebis meSveobiT xdeba pirveladi 

maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvra. Semdeg xdeba naSromebis sortireba 

yoveli pirveladi maxasiaTeblis Sesabamisad. Sedegad vRebulobT 

ara erTganzomilebian qolistur skalas erTi pirveladi 

maxasiaTeblisTvis (TvisebisTvis), aramed mravalganzomilebian 

analitikur skalas ramdenime maxasiaTeblisaTvis. 

IV. ori variantidan erT-erTis amorCeva. es aris pirveladi 

daxasiaTebis meTodis dadgenis kidev erTi varianti. pirvel etapze 

xdeba warmodgenili nimuSebis sortireba ramdenime jgufad, maTi 

donidan gamomdinare. Semdeg, doneTa Soris sazRvrebis dadgenis 

principi mis Taobaze msjelobisas xdeba sakvanZo maxasiaTeblebis 

gamoyofa (ix. meTodi #5). zemoxsenebuli meTodisgan gansxvavebiT, 

xdeba yoveli sakvanZo maxasiaTeblis formulireba iseTi kiTxvis 

saxiT, romelic gulisxmobs pasuxs: `ki / ara~. amgvarad, yalibdeba 

155


binarul opoziciaTa gaSlili struqtura. es struqtura aZlevs 

gamomcdels gadawyvetilebis miRebis algoriTms. 

V. SedarebiTi mcdelobebi: jgufebi wyvil-wyvilad adareben 

sagamocdo namuSevrebs imis gansasazRvrad, Tu romeli maTgania 

ukeTesi da ratom. es meTodi iZleva iseTi metaenis Seqmnis 

saSualebas, romelic gamoiyeneba enobrivi kompetenciis Sefasebis 

dros da emsaxureba yoveli donisTvis mniSvnelovani maxasiaTeblis 

gamovlenas. es maxasiaTeblebi Semdeg formulirdeba, rogorc 

indikatorebi. 

VI. sortireba: mas mere, rac Camoyalibdeba indikatorTa aRweris 

pirveladi variantebi, informantebi miiReben winadadebas, 

daakompleqton isini im kategoriaTa Sesabamisad, romlebsac isini 

aRweren, da / an im doneTa Sesabamisad, romlebsac isini 

ganekuTvnebian. informantebs SeuZliaT agreTve daazuston, 

moaxdinon indikatorebis redaqtireba da / an sruliad uaryon isini, 

agreTve gamoyon mniSvnelovani, mkafio, an sasargeblo indikatorebi. 

am meTodikis SemweobiT arCeul iqna indikatorebis saerTo nusxa, 

romlis safuZvelze Camoyalibda da redaqtireba gaukeTda aRweriT 

skalebs (enaTa flobis... (1), 2008, gv. 201-202). 

g. raodenobrivi meTodebi 

raodenobrivi meTodebi gulisxmobs miRebuli Sedegebis 

mniSvnelovan statistikur analizsa da gamowvlilviT 

interpretacias. 

I. diskriminantuli analizi: pirvel etapze rigi sagamocdo 

namuSevari, romelmac gaiara sortireba (umjobesia gamomcdelTa 

156


jgufis mier) gaivlis diskursiul analizs. es Tvisebrivi analizi 

gamoavlens da daajamebs sxvadasxva Tvisebrivi maxasiaTeblis 

sixSires. Semdeg mravlobiTi regresiis meSveobiT ganisazRvreba, Tu 

gamoyofil maxasiaTebelTagan romeli ufro mniSvnelovania masalis 

garkveuli donisaTvis misakuTvneblad. es sakvanZo maxasiaTeblebi 

SemdgomSi daerTveba yoveli donis indikatoris formulirebas. 

II. mravalaspeqtiani skalireba: saxelwodebis miuxedavad, es aris 

aRweriTi meTodika, romlis meSveobiTac xdeba calkeuli sakvanZo 

maxasiaTeblis gamoyofa da maT Soris mimarTebis gansazRvra. 

enobrivi kompetenciis Sefaseba xdeba iseTi analitikuri skalis 

meSveobiT, romelic ramdenime kategorias aerTianebs. analizi 

aCvenebs, romelma kategoriebma iTamaSes ganmsazRvreli roli 

enobrivi kompetenciis gamovlenis saqmeSi, ris Semdegac SeiZleba 

SevadginoT diagrama, romelic gamoxatavs kategoriebis 

Tanaarsebobas an maT daSorebas erTmaneTisagan. amrigad, es 

moTodika gvaZlevs saSualebas, gamovavlinoT da eqsperimentis gziT 

SevamowmoT mniSvnelobis mqone kategoriebi. 

III. testur davalebaze dafuZnebuli Teoria (tddT) anu 

`faruli (latenturi) unarebis / Tvisebebis~ analizi: tddT 

gvTavazobs urTierTdakavSirebul ganzomilebaTa anu skalebis 

modelebis sistemas (testirebis am midgomaze zemoT ukve iyo saubari 

– ix. Tavi 3, aq ki ufro konkretulad ganvixilavT erT-erT pirvel 

da yvelaze martiv models, romelsac danieli maTematikosis georg 

raSis sapativcemulod raSis modeli ewoda). 

tddT warmoadgens albaTobis Teoriis ganviTarebas da 

gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad davalebaTa bankSi ama Tu im amocanis 

sirTulis gansasazRvrad. Tu Tqveni enobrivi kompetencia 

`ganviTarebulia~, maSin martiv SekiTxvebze Tqven mier gacemuli 

pasuxis albaToba Zalian maRalia. damwyebisTvis ki swori pasuxis 

157


albaToba ganviTarebul doneze metad mcirea. es ubralo faqti 

gadatanilia skalirebis meTodSi, romelic raSis modelzea 

dafuZnebuli da romelic SemdgomSi gamoiyeneba erTi skalis 

farglebSi punqtebis erTgvarovnebis uzrunvelsayofad. am midgomis 

Semdgomi ganviTareba iZleva misi gamoyenebis saSualebas rogorc 

komunikaciur CvevaTa xasiaTis mqone indikatorTa skalirebisaTvis, 

aseve testuri davalebebis Sesasruleblad. 

raSis meTodikiT analizisas, sxvadasxva testuri davaleba an 

kiTxvari SeiZleba gardaiqmnas uwyvet jaWvad `Ruzis elementebis~ 

gamoyenebis wyalobiT, romlebic saerToa erTmaneTTan axlos mdgomi 

doneebisTvis. qvemoT moyvanil sqemaSi aRniSnuli `Ruzis elementebi~ 

nacrisfradaa Seferili. amgvarad, davaleba SeiZleba miesadagos 

moswavleTa individualur kategoriebs da, amasTanave, darCes 

erTiani skalis im SemswavlelTa SedegebisTvis, vinc agrovebs 

qulaTa maqsimalur an minimalur raodenobas sxvadasxva doneze. 

testi A 

testi B 

raSis meTodiT analizis upiratesoba isaa, rom igi iZleva iseTi 

skalirebis miRebis saSualebas, romelic analizisTvis gamoyenebuli 

testis an testuri davalebebis / kiTxvarebis konkretul Sedegebze 

araa damokidebuli. miRebuli skalis mniSvnelobebi rCeba ucvleli 

Semdgomi testirebisTvis im pirobiT, rom am testirebis obieqtebi 

SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc axali jgufebi mosaxleobis imave 

statistikuri jgufis farglebSi. droTa ganmavlobaSi skalaTa 

mniSvnelobis sistematuri cvlilebebi (magaliTad, saswavlo 

158 

testi C


programis Secvlis an gamomcdelTa momzadebis gamo) SeiZleba 

ricxobrivad iqnes gamoxatuli da gaTvaliswinebuli. 

indikatorTa skalirebis mimarT raSis meTodiT analizi 

SeiZleba nairgvarad gamoviyenoT: 

(a) Tvisebrivi meTodebiT miRebuli monacemebi SeiZleba 

aRiweros raSis meTodis moSveliebiT ariTmetikuli skalis saxiT. 

(b) SeiZleba SemuSavdes testebi imisTvis, rom gamartivdes iseT 

indikatorTa praqtikuli gamoyeneba, romlebic aRweren enis codnas, 

kerZod ki sagamocdo davalebaSi. am davalebaTa skalireba SeiZleba 

Catardes raSis meTodis saSualebiT da maTi mniSvnelobebi mocemul 

skalaSi gamoxataven calkeuli indikatoris siZneles. 

(g) indikatorebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes rogorc kiTxvaris 

punqtebi maswavleblis mier Tavisi moswavleebis Sefasebis mizniT 

(SeuZlia mas x davalebis Sesruleba?). amgvarad, indikatorebi 

SeiZleba davayenoT erT yaidaze da ganvalagoT ariTmetikul 

skalaze imgvarad, rogorc es xdeba davalebaTa bankSi davalebaTa 

siZnelis mixedviT klasificirebisas. 

skalaTa SemuSavebis garda, raSis meTodi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT 

imis dasadgenad, Tu rogor xorcieldeba miRebuli Sefasebis 

skalebis praqtikuli gamoyeneba. es iZleva arazusti formulirebebis 

dazustebis, gamoyenebul skalaTa monakveTebis sididisa da maTi 

gadaxedvis saSualebas (enaTa flobis... (1), 2008, gv. 202-203). 

159

Tavi 5 


bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesis Sefaseba 

1. bilingvuri / multilingvuri ganaTlebis arsi da 

Sefasebis mniSvneloba 

multilingvalia pirovneba, romelsac or an met enaze SeuZlia 

laparaki. Tumca, imis gansazRvra, Tu vin aris bi/multilingvali da 

vin _ ara, gacilebiT ufro rTulia, vidre SeiZleba Tavidan 

mogveCvenos. multilingvizmis definicia SesaZlebelia 

warmomavlobis, komperenturobis, funqciebisa da identifikaciis 

kriteriumebze dayrdnobiT. umeteswilad definiciisTvis mTavar 

kriteriumad gamoiyeneba mravalenovani pirovnebis lingvisturi 

kompetenciebi. 

multilingvizmis definiciebi: 

`.,,multilingvizmi - ori an meti enis mSobliuri enis doneze floba.~ 

`...aqtiuri, ori an meti enis sruliad erTnair doneze floba.~ 

`...sruliad sxvadasxva ori (an meti) enis codna lingvistur 

procesebSi erTmaneTis xelis SeSlis gareSe.~ 

`...bilingvizmi iwyeba maSin, roca erTi enis momxmarebels 

dasrulebuli da Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT srulyofili azris 

gamoTqma SeuZlia meore enaze.~ 

òri (an meti enis alternatiuli gamoyenebis gamocdilebas SeiZleba 

vuwodoT bilingvizmi da am praqtikis momxmarebels - 

multilingvali.~ 

`multilingvizmad unda CaiTvalos ori an meti enis alternatiuli 

gamoyeneba, Tu amas erTi individi akeTebs.~ 

160


...multilingvalia adamiani, `romelic, situaciaTa umravlesobaSi, 

komunikaciis saSualebad Tavisuflad iyenebs or an met enas da, 

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlia erTidan meore enaze gadasvla”. 

`multilingvalad SeiZleba CaiTvalos bavSvi, romelsac Tavis mier 

Semofarglul enobriv da socialur garemoSi esmis yvelaferi da 

agebinebs yvelafers (asakisa da situaciis Sesabamisad, romelSic igi 

imyofeba).~ 

`mosaubre ar unda gamoirCeodes sazogadoebisgan, romelSic meore 

enas xmarobs, sxvebma igi mSobliur enaze molaparaked unda aRiqvan.~ 

`namdvili multilingvalia pirovneba, romelsac ori sxvadasxva, 

enobrivad daaxloebiT erTnairi, socialuri da kulturuli donis 

mqone jgufi Tavisianad miiCnevs.~ (ix. bilingvuri ganaTleba, 2010, gv. 

9-10). 

Tavad terminidan gamomdinare, naTelia, rom, martivad, biling- 

vizmi or enasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs gulisxmobs. Tumca, rogori 

interpretaciac ar unda mieces termins - `bilingvali~ - oris enis 

floba arcTu ise iolia... mniSvnelovania gavmijnoT bilingvizmi, ro- 

gorc individualuri da rogorc jgufuri an socialuri fenomeni. 

rasakvirvelia, individualur da jgufur bilingvizms Soris mniSv- 

nelovani kavSiri arsebobs: arsebobs araerTi magaliTi, roca ada- 

mianma icis ori ena, Tumca iyenebs mxolod erTs; an iyenebs yovel- 

dRiur cxovrebaSi or enas, Tumca erT-erT enaSi SesaZloa gaaCndes 

SezRuduli enobrivi kompetencia. ufro metic, SeiZleba adamianisTvis 

sasaubro ena iyos erTi, xolo kiTxvisa da werisTvis iyenebdes meore 

enas. Sesabamisad, rodesac vsaubrobT enaze, mniSvnelovania gavmijnoT 

enis flobis unari da enis gamoyeneba (beikeri, 2010, gv. 2-3). Sesabami- 

sad, rodesac bilingvalis enobrivi kompetenciebis Sefasebas vaxdenT, 

imTaviTve unda ganisazRvros, raze vakeTebT aqcents... 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis erT-erTi umTavresi principia _ ar 

moxdes enobrivi kompetenciebis amaRleba sagnobrivi kompetenciebis 

xarjze; sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, meore enis dauflebaSi warmateba 

161


calsaxad ar niSnavs imas, rom bilingvuri ganaTlebis mocemuli 

programa warmatebulia. magaliTad, SesaZloa, romelime `Zlieri~ 

saskolo bilingvuri ganaTlebis programis pirobebSi moswavlem maR- 

al doneze Seiswavlos meore (aramSobliuri) ena, Tumca sagnobrivi 

kompetenciebis TvalsazrisiT, dabali qulebi daimsaxuros... aseT 

SemTxvevaSi aucileblad sakvlevia, es moxda xsenebuli programis 

xarvezebis gamo Tu mizezi sxvaa (mSobliur enaze swavlebis pirobeb- 

Sic amgvari Sedegi iqneboda)... 

Sefasebisas aqcenti aseve keTdeba bilingvalebis meore enis 

kompetenciaze da ar fasdeba is mniSvnelovani warmatebebi da 

upiratesobebi, rac bilingvizms axlavs Tan (magaliTad, iseTi 

faqtorebi, rogoricaa interpersonaluri unarebi _ informaciis 

mopovebisa da interpretirebis unari, kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi 

azrovnebis unari, pasuxismgeblobis aRebisa da ganawilebis, 

solidarobisa da a.S. unarebi (ix. beikeri, 2010). 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis mTeli procesis (bilingvali 

Semswavlelis enobrivi kompetenciebi, bilingvuri programebis 

Sefaseba, bilingvuri sagakveTilo procesi, Semswavlelis/moswavlis 

sagnobrivi kompetenciebi, sxva eqstra-faqtorebi, romlebzec zemoT 

iyo saubari...) adekvaturad, yvela aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT 

Sefasebas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba. rogorc mxolod 

kategorizacia ver asaxavs bilingvizmis srul suraTs, ise 

bilingvizmis gazomvisa da Sefasebis mcdelobac warumatebeli iqneba 

sruli suraTis warmosaCenad.... 

162


2. orenovnebis (bilingvizmis) Sefaseba 

bilingvizmis Sefaseba SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva mizniT 

ganxorcieldes. qvemoT ganvixilavT bilingvalebis Sefasebis 

ramdenime mizans da am miznebs Soris arsebul Tanxvedris wertilebs. 

bilingvalebis Sefasebis magaliTia mosaxleobis aRwerisas 

moTxovnili informacia ori enis gamoyenebis unaris Taobaze 

(magaliTad aSS, kanada, irlandia, israeli). aRniSnuli monacemi 

mkvlevars aZlevs informacias bilingvalebis raodenobisa da 

(gadanawilebis) Sesaxeb konkretul geografiul arealSi. am 

monacemebze dayrdnobiT, SesaZlebelia, magaliTad, geografiuli 

rukis Sedgena ama Tu im qveyanaSi Tu regionSi umciresobaTa 

jgufebis gansaxlebisa da maTi proporciebis Sesaxeb (uiliamsi, 2004). 

bilingvalebi SeiZleba gamovyoT, rogor calke jgufi 

seleqciis mizniT. magaliTad, SesaZlebelia, skolas surdes bavSvebis 

dajgufeba klasebSi ori enis flobisa da maTi enobrivi fonis 

Sesabamisad. bilingvalebi SeiZleba SevarCioT specialuri 

saWiroebebis mqone moswavleebis klasisTvis. analogiurad, 

samecniero kvlevis miznisTvis SesaZlebelia saWiro gaxdes kvlevaSi 

monawileTa or an 3 jgufad dayofa (magaliTad, dabalansebuli 

bilingvalebi, nawilobrivi bilingvalebi da monolingvalebi). 

bilingvalebis Sefaseba 

rogorc zemoT iTqva, enis flobis Sefaseba ZiriTadad ori 

tipis testebis meSveobiT xdeba. pirveli gaxlavT normaze 

dafuZnebuli testebi, romlebsac Semajamebeli / saboloo 

Sefasebisas iyeneben da meore gaxlavT kriteriumze dafuZnebuli 

Sefaseba, romelic mimdinare (formatuli) tipis Sefasebas 

ganekuTvneba (ix. Tavi, I). 

163


bilingvalebis SemTxvevaSi, kriteriumze dafuZnebul 

testirebas aqvs upiratesoba normaze dafuZnebul testirebasTan 

mimarTebiT, radgan is ar iyenebs Sedarebis princips. Tumca, normaze 

dafuZnebuli testirebisas SesaZlebelia bilingvalis Sedareba 

moxdes monolingvalTan, rac Tavad bilingvuri swavlebis procesis 

SefasebisTvis da misi upiratesobisTvis xazgasasmelad zogjer 

aucilebelia.. am SemTxvevaSi normad ganisazRvreba mSobliur enaze 

mosaubre, rac, araerTi mecnieris azriT, usamarTlo da 

aravaliduria (frederiqsoni da kline, 1996, kuki, 2002, grosieni 1985, 

1994; ix. beikeri, 2010). 

kriteriumze dafuZnebuli testirebisas ki mowmdeba moswavlis 

unarebi dawesebul standartTan mimarTebiT da, Sesabamisad, TiTqos 

gamoiricxeba usamarTlo Sedareba bilingvalsa da monolingvals 

Soris, Tumca, praqtikulad, kriteriumze dafuZnebuli testebis 

Sedegebis gamoyenebac SeiZleba moxdes SedarebisTvis (magaliTad, 

mSobliur enaze mosaubreTa da bilingvalebis maCveneblebis 

Sedareba, sxvadasxva asakisa da skolis moswavleTa maCveneblebis 

Sedareba). 

bilingvali bavSvebis specialur saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis 

mqone moswavleTa programebze gadanawileba efuZneba garkveul 

Sefasebas. testebi xSirad ar aris akuratuli da ZiriTadad 

emsaxureba moswavlis meore enaSi kompetenciis Semowmebas an enobrivi 

umciresobis moswavleTaTvis misTvis sust enaze testirebas. 

sakananonmdeblo bazis Secvlis, kvlevebisa da mecnierebis mier 

gakeTebuli araerTi rekomendaciis miuxedavad, enobrivi umciresobis 

moswavleebi diskriminirebulni arian testirebisa da Sefasebis 

arsebuli sistemis pirobebSi. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania, ganvixiloT 

is faqtorebi, romlebic ganapirobebs Sefasebis mikerZoebulobas da 

am sistemis gamosworebis alternatiul gzebze vimsjeloT. am mxriv 

kolin beikeri ramdenime rekomendacias gvTavazobs: 

164


mniSvnelovania gaimijnos moswavlis droebiTi da xangrZlivi 

problemebi. magaliTad, imigranti bavSvis enobrivi Seferxeba 

droebiT siZneles warmoadgens, romelic male daiZleva. xolo, 

disleqsia, smenis dakargva, maRali neirocitizmi da sxva daavadebebi 

aris ufro seriozuli da xangrZlivi problemebisa da siZneleebis 

gamomwvevi da, Sesabamisad, maT dasaZlevad ufro xangrZlivi da 

gansxvavebuli intervenciuli RonisZiebebis gatarebaa saWiro 

(beikeri, 2010, gv. 355). 

specialuri saWiroebebis diagnozireba unda gascdes mxolod 

testirebis Sedegebs da Sefasebis ufro farTo da mravalmxrivi 

meqanizmebiT unda moxdes. bavSvebis sxvadasxva konteqstSi dakvirveba 

(klasSi da gareT), agreTve moswavlis ojaxis, Temis da kulturis 

Seswavla moswavlis ufro marTebuli profilis Seqmnis 

SesaZleblobas iZleva. mniSvnelovania, rom Sefaseba moaxdinos 

multidisciplinarulma gundma da multidisciplinaruli gundis 

mravalmxrivi Sefasebis meTodebiT gakeTebuli daskvna ufro metad 

relevanturia. 

moswavleTa SefasebisTvis da Sedegebis interpretaciisTvis 

mniSvnelovania moswavleTa ojaxis, Temis, kulturis da 

individualuri maxasiaTeblebis gaazreba. moswavleebi skolaSi 

modian ojaxebidan, sadac swavla/swavlebis procesi gansxvavebulad 

aRiqmeba. magaliTad, TamaSiT, SekiTxvebis dasmiT, dakvirvebiTa da 

aRmoCenebiT swavla ar aris misaRebi zogierTi kulturisTvis. am 

kulturaSi gavrcelebulia avtoritaruli swavlebis stili, sadac 

bavSvs evaleba daimaxsovros ufrosis mier naswavlebi, magaliTad 

`saRvTo wigni~ (beikeri, 2010, gv. 355); saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSic 

xSirad irRveva kulturuli (metwilad – religiuri) gansxvavebisadmi 

pativiscemis principi: aris skolebi, romlebSic maswavleblebi 

kategoriulad moiTxoven qristianuli datvirTvis mqone 

literaturis aTvisebas, rac, rasakvirvelia, musulmanTaTvis 

miuRebeli da diskomfortulia... 

165


mniSvnelovania moxdes testirebis Sedegebis dekonteqstualiza- 

cia. testirebis sistemis rukis Sedgenis Sedareba iZleva TvalnaTel 

suraTs. rukis Sedgenisas xdeba rukaze ama Tu im adgilis martivad 

datana, xolo rukaze datanili obieqtebis Sesaxeb naklebi 

informaciaa. magaliTad, adgili, romelic usayvarlesia SenTvis, 

radgan aris ulamazesi tba da Tvalwarmtaci buneba _ es adgili 

gamorCeulia. Tumca, rukaze is datanilia ubralod, rogorc tbisa 

da, zogadad, bunebis silamaze da sxva mniSvnelovani Tvisebebi ar 

Cans. analogiurad, testireba ver aCens moswavlis Rrma da farTo 

maxasiaTeblebs da mxolod zedapirul suraTs iZleva bavSvis 

monacemebis Sesaxeb (ix. beikeri, 2010, gv. 355). 

SemfasebelTa SerCeva ganapirobebs Sefasebis Sedegebs. 

Sefasebaze gavlenas moaxdens, Tuki Semfasebeli aris maRali donis 

profesionali da, amave dros, warmoadgens Sesafasebeli moswavlis 

enobriv jgufs. Semfaseblis asaki, sqesi, socialuri klasi, 

Zalaufleba _ aseve ganapirobebs moswavlis pasuxebs da Sefasebis 

Sedegebs. Sefaseba ar aris neitraluri procesi. SemfasebelTa 

araswori SerCeva ori tipis xarvezs iwvevs Sefasebisas bilingval 

bavSvebTan mimarTebiT: (1) problemis dadgena, roca realurad 

problema ar arsebobs; (2) problemis verSemCneva misi arsebobis 

pirobebSic ki (beikeri, 2010, gv. 356). 

moswavlis Sefaseba unda moxdes moswavlisTvis ufro `Zlier~ 

enaSi, anu, romelsac ukeTesad flobs. Sefaseba, romelic tardeba 

moswavlis `sust~ enaSi, xels uwyobs araswori diagnozis dasmas; 

mSoblebi da maswavleblebi darwmunebulni unda iyvnen, rom 

testebSi gamoyenebuli ena Sesabamisia. magaliTad, Tu testi 

naTargmnia qarTulidan somxurad, SeiZleba Targmanis gamo araerTi 

uzustoba gaiparos testSi, rac asaxvas hpovebs testebis Sedegebze. 

amasTanave, gasaTvaliswinebelia enaTa saxesxvaobebi, magaliTad, 

somxur enas gaaCnia saxesxvaobebi da SesaZlebelia testebi iyos 

somxur saliteraturo enaze _ erTi SexedviT, moswavlis mSobliur 

166


enaze. magram somxuri enis saxesxvaoba, romelic warmoadgens 

moswavlis realur mSobliur enas (javaxeTSi somxuris erT-erT 

gavrcelebul dialeqtze saubroben), ar iZleodes saSualebas, 

Sefasdes moswavleTa realuri Sedegebi. Tuki testebSi moswavleTa 

enobrivi kompetenciebis problemebi ikveTeba, mniSvnelovania 

gaimijnos bavSvis enobrivi profili da enobrivi performansis 

profili, romlebic xSirad erTmaneTs ar emTxveva (kuminsi, 1984). 

performansis profili gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, radgan aq 

warmoCindeba moswavlis kognituri unarebic da ara mxolod enobrivi 

kompetenciebi. 

mniSvnelovani problemaa testirebisas mxolod moswavleze 

fokusireba. testirebis Sedegebidan Cans, TiTqos mxolod moswavlea 

damnaSave. mniSvnelovania, fokusma gadainacvlos bavSvisgan 

skolisken. iqneb warumateblobis mizezi swored skolaa, romelic ar 

sTavazobs moswavles mSobliur enaze swavlebis saSualebas da, 

Sesabamisad, codnisa da unarebis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebs? 

Sesabamisad, aseT situaciaSi gamosavali iqneba ara moswavlis 

specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavleebis (sssm) 

programaSi gadayvana, aramed skolis filosofiis Secvla. 

sazogadod, testirebam SesaZloa gamoiwvios bilingvali bavSvis 

daZabuneba misi gaZlierebis nacvlad (kuminsi 1984). Sefasebam 

SeiZleba gamoiwvios moswavleTa kategorizacia warmatebul da 

CamorCenil moswavleebad da potencialis mqone moswavlis 

Tavdajerebulobac ki minimumade daiyvanos, ramac asaxva SeiZleba 

hpovos misi Semdgomi swavlis procesze da maTi saboloo 

marginalizacia gamoiwvios; es uaRresad sensitiuri procesia da 

pedagogs didi sifrTxile hmarTebs. mniSvnelovania bavSvis 

maswavleblis poziciis mosmena Sefasebisas. maswavlebeli metad 

icnobs moswavles da sainteresoa misi mosazreba, Tu ra aris 

moswavlis akademiuri problemebis mizezi, ra gadawyvetisa da 

intervenciis gzebia saWiro problemis mosagvareblad da a.S. 

167


bilingvalebis testireba, sazogadod, gavrcelda 

monolingvalebis testirebaze dafuZnebiT. Tumca, amTaviTve unda 

iTqvas, rom bilingvalebis enobrivi kompetencia gansxvavebulia, 

radgan enas bilingvalebi sxvadasxva konteqstSi gamoiyeneben da 

sxvadasxva situaciaSi maTi enobrivi kompetencia gansxvavebulia. 

Sesabamisad, bilingvalebisa da monolingvalebis Sedareba enobrivi 

kompetenciebis TvalsazrisiT usamarTloa. amasTanave, rogorc wesi, 

testebi Sedgenilia dominanti kulturis warmomadgenlebis mier da, 

Sesabamisad, kulturulad mikerZoebulia, radgan umravlesobis 

enobriv stilsa da kulturas gamoxatavs. testebis umravlesoba 

gulisxmobs ramdenime arCevanidan swori pasuxis SerCevas. msgavsi 

testebisas SeuZlebelia sxvadasxva enobrivi unarebis Sefaseba, 

salaparako / sasaubro ena ver fasdeba msgavsi tipis testirebis 

gziT. 

normaze dafuZnebuli testi adarebs erT moswavles sxvasTan. 

bilingval bavSvTan mimarTebiT ki gacilebiT mniSvnelovania am 

bavSvis codnisa da unarebis Semowmeba TiToeul saganSi, vidre maTi 

Sedareba sxva moswavleebTan. Sesabamisad, alternatiuli midgomaa 

bavSvis progresis Sefaseba saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvrul sagnebSi. 

msgavsi testebi ufro mniSvnelovan informacias iZleva mSoblisTvis, 

iseve, rogorc maswavleblisTvis, radgan TvalnaTels xdis, ras ver 

miaRwia moswavlem konkretul saganSi (magaliTad, maTematikaSi) da 

saswavlo procesSic aqcentireba ukve amis mixedviT keTdeba. 

amasTanave, aRsaniSnavia, rom kriteriumze dafuZnebuli testebic ar 

aris dazRveuli kulturuli mikerZoebulobisagan. 

168


3. meore enis Sefaseba bilingvur gakveTilze 

B bilingvuri swavlebis procesis Sefasebisas gansakuTrebuli 

yuradReba eqceva Tavad swavlebis processa (formatuli Sefaseba) da 

Sedegebs (Semajamebeli Sefaseba). amisaTvis gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva 

xerxi, kerZod: dakvirveba, interviu, testebi da sxva. producirebis 

unarebis Sefaseba gulisxmobs pasuxs Semdeg kiTxvebze: 

ra informaciis / sametyvelo funqciis gamoyeneba SeuZliaT 

mSobliur da meore enaze moswavleebs SecdomebiT Tu uSec- 

domod (dasaxuli amocanebis Sesrulebis Sefaseba)? 

visTan _ maswavleblebTan, TanatolebTan da stumrebTan _ 

SeuZliaT urTierTqmedeba (komunikaciis problema)? 

rogoria maTi lingvisturi unarebi (enobrivi konstruqciebis 

aTvisebis donis Sefaseba da ara Secdomebis aRnusxva)? 

SemfasebelTa amocanebSi unda Sediodes saswavlo procesis 

analizi (dakvirveba klasSi), maswavleblis / moswavleebis / 

mSoblebis urTierTobebi, saswavlo masalebi, aseve moswavleTa 

kompetenciebis testireba (formatuli / Semajamebeli). klasSi 

dakvirvebisas yuradReba unda mieqces ara marto moswavleebis, aramed 

maswavleblis qcevasac: ra gavlenas axdens is moswavleebze da rodis 

da rogor iyenebs enebs? rogor qmnis motivacias? rogor reagirebs 

Secdomebze? Secdomebis gasworebis rogor formebs iyenebs: 

modelirebas (swori formis Tanamimdevruli da xSiri gameoreba 

Secdomebis pirdapiri Sesworebis gareSe) Tu xelaxla formulirebas 

(moswavlis SecdomiT naTqvamis sworad da gasagebad formulireba)? 

rogor aris organizebuli saswavlo procesi? 

moswavleTa progresis Sesafaseblad bilingvur skolaSi 

yuradReba unda mieqces maT miRwevebs saganSi. bilingvur skolaSi 

moswavles xuTi weli mainc sWirdeba imisaTvis, rom igi daeuflos 

169


meore enas sagnebis Sesaswavlad. Aam xangrZlivobis gamo moswavles 

SeiZleba gauCndes sakuTari ususurobis gancda, Camouyalibdes 

dabali TviTSefaseba. am problemis gadasawyvetad arsebobs ori gza: 

pirveli _ bilingvuri klasis moswavleTa Sefaseba specialurad 

maTTvis Sedgenili standartebis mixedviT. am midgomam SeiZleba 

mSoblebisa da sagnebis maswavlebelTa gansakuTrebuli daintereseba 

gamoiwvios, radgan maTi survilia, moswavlis Sedegebi Seesabamebodes 

saxelmwifo standarts. amis gamo aucilebeli xdeba Cveulebrivi 

skolebisaTvis gankuTvnili testebis gamoyeneba. Mmagram, amasTan, 

unda vifiqroT testebSi garkveuli cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb. 

magaliTad, aseTi SeiZleba iyos orenovani testi. aseve SeiZleba 

moswavleebs mieceT damatebiTi dro, neba davrToT, isargeblon 

leqsikonebiT an gavumartivoT testuri davalebebis pirobebi. 

vafasebT ra bilingvur programebs, ar unda SemovifargloT 

mxolod enobrivi unarebis SefasebiT. unda Sefasdes Sinaarsi, mizani 

da meTodika. 

qvemoT gTavazobT Sesafasebel obieqtTa savaraudo 

CamonaTvalis cxrils: 

ras 

vafasebT? 

moswavleTa Sefaseba bilingvuri swavlebis 

kompetencias 

mSobliur enaSi; 

kompetencias sa- 

ganSi; 

kompetencias 

meore enaSi; 

motivacias; 

sxva kompetenciebi 

(kognituri unare- 

bi, socialuri un- 

arebi, sxva sas- 

wavlo una-rebi); 

komponentebis Sefaseba 

swavlebis meTodika; 

saswavlo Sinaarsi; 

maswavlebelTa ur- 

TierToba moswavle- 

ebTan. 

170 

bilingvuri modelis 

Sefaseba 

modelis efeq- 

turoba; 

bilingvuri 

swavlebis mas- 

wavlebelTa 

momzadeba.

vin 

afasebs? 


maswavleble-bi; 

saatestacio / 

saga-mocdo 

komisia. 

mizani moswavleTa 

rogor 

vafasebT? 

Zlieri da susti 

mxare-ebis 

gamovlena; 

standartis Sede- 

gebis miRweva; 

informacia mSo- 

belTaTvis; 

SerCeva. 

kiTxvarebi; 

testebi; 

interviu; 

dakvirveba. 

damkvirvebelTa jgufi. 

xarisxis kontroli; 

masalebis gadamuSa-veba; 

maswavlebelTa mom- 

zadebis done. 

interviu; 

dakvirveba klasSi 

Catarebul samuSa- 

oebze; 

zepirmetyvelebis 

analizi; 

saswavlo masalebis 

analizi. 

171 

gare monitor- 

ingis jgufi. 

gadawyvetilebis 

miReba modelis 

SenarCuneba / 

arSenarCunebaze, 

ganviTarebaze. 

saswavlo prog- 

ramebisanali- zi; 

kiTxvarebi; 

kvlevebi. 

bilingvuri saswavlo procesis Sefasebisas gansakuTrebul 

mniSvnelobas iZens gakveTilis Sefaseba. gakveTilis Sefasebisas, 

rekomendebulia, rom maswavleblebma upasuxon Semdeg kiTxvebs: 

miRweuli iyo Tu ara gakveTilis miznebi? 

SerCeuli strategiebis saSualebiT ramdenad moxerxda 

gakveTilis winaSe dasmuli amocanebis (rogorc sagnobrivi, ise 

enobrivi) gadaWra? 

Seesabameba Tu ara gakveTilisaTvis gamoyofili drois 

gadanawileba moswavleTa realur SesaZleblobebs, 

saWiroebebsa da moTxovnebs?


rogor gamoiyeneben moswavleebi gakveTilze miRebul codnas 

momavalSi? 

ra enobrivi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas Seuwyo xeli 

gakveTilma? 

ra SeiZleboda gakeTebuliyo sxvagvarad? 

bilingvur gakveTilze mniSvnelovania imis gansazRvra, Tu ra da 

rogor SeiZleba Sefasdes enis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. 

imisaTvis, rom maswavleblebma ukeT gaiazron bilingvur gakve- 

Tilze Sefasebis sagani da saSualebebi enis gamoyenebis kuTxiT, 

gTavazobT gakveTilebis scenarebis nimuSebs TandarTuli rekomen- 

daciebiT SefasebisaTvis. 

172

sagani: buneba 

Tema: frinvelebi da cxovelebi. 


I klasi 

akademiuri miznebi: SeuZlia cxovelebisa da frinvelebis garCeva, 

maTi amocnoba naxatze. 

enobrivi miznebi: icis cxovelebisa da frinvelebis dasaxeleba da 

ilustraciaze dayrdnobiT martivi kiTxvebis dasma? ra cxovelia? ra 

frinvelia? 

leqsika: cxovelebi, frinvelebi, daTvi, ZaRli, kata, Rori, cxeni, bu, 

mamali, qaTami, arwivi... 

socialuri miznebi: SeZlebs aqtiur mosmenas, monawileobas. 

provocireba: maswavlebels gakveTilze Seaqvs cxovelebisa da frin- 

velebis winaswar gamzadebuli suraTebi / naxatebi, akravs dafaze. 

aqtivobebi: 1) moswavleebi mSobliur enaze asaxeleben naxatze moce- 

mul cxovels an frinvels. 

2) calke momzadebuli T sqemiT (qarTul-somxurad frinvelebi da 

cxovelebi) ajgufeben cxovelebisa da frinvelebis suraTebs. 

organizeba wuTi; 

resursi: naxatebi, 

momzadebuli T sqema. 

3) sakomunikacio situacia: walkaSi unda gaxsnan zooparki, Tbilisi- 

dan unda CamoviyvanoT cxovelebi da frinvelebi. viswavloT saxele- 

bi qarTulad, rom zooparkis direqtors CamovuTvaloT sasurveli 

cxovelebi, frinvelebi. 

4) leqsikaze muSaoba: 

naxats: 

cxovels / frinvels asaxelebs pedagogi da aCvenebs Sesabamis 

asaxelebs da bavSvebi aCveneben naxatebs; 

maswavlebeli aCvenebs naxats, bavSvebi asaxeleben. 

173

O organizeba: 8 wuTi 


5) kedelze ganTavsebul sityvebs (frinvelTa da cxovelTa saxelebi) 

zemodan amagrebs Sesabamis suraTs da ekiTxeba qarTulad: ra cxo- 

velia? ra frinvelia? vinc sworad upasuxebs, airCevs naxats, Seusa- 

bamebs nawers da svams kiTxvas. 

O organizeba: 8 wuTi. 

6) bavSvebi muSaoben wyvilebSi. daxataven sayvarel cxovelsa Tu 

frinvels, cvlian erTmaneTSi da adgenen maT qarTul saxelwodebas, 

Semdeg akraven TavianT namuSevrebs, asaxeleben da kiTxuloben: cxo- 

velia Tu frinveli? 

saSinao davaleba: saxelmZRvanelodan amoWran da warwerian ujraSi 

Caakran Sesabamisi cxovelisa da frinvelis naxati. 

rekomendaciebi SefasebisaTvis 

upirveles yovlisa, unda ganvsazRvroT, ras vafasebT? Dda rogor 

vafasebT? 

miznebidan gamomdinare,Ffasdeba rogorc akademiuri, ise enobrivi 

unarebi. akademiuri unarebidan arsebiTia klasificirebis unari. 

swored es unari Sefasdeba T sqemis Sevsebis procesSi dakvirvebis 

saSualebiT. rac Seexeba enobriv aspeqtebs, unda Sefasdes; 

a) martivi instruqciebis (funqciuri frazebis) gageba, kerZod: 

gadaSaleT wignebi, CasviT cxrilSi, daasaxeleT, monaxeT 

saxeli. 

b) Seswavlili leqsikisa da enobrivi formulebis gamoyeneba. 

g) “aris” zmnis Semoklebuli formis marTebuli gamoyeneba. 

d) SekiTxvebis (ra aris es? ra hqvia? Ffrinvelia? cxovelia?) 

gageba da sworad pasuxi. 

TiToeulze SeiZleba Sedges Sefasebis sqema. magaliTad, 

axalSeswavlili leqsikisa da enobrivi formulebis gamoyenebaze: 

174


kriteriumebi Kkargi damakmayof. aradamakmay. 

naxatebis Sesabameba dasax- 

elebebTan da piriqiT 

warmoTqma (aqcenti specifi- 

kur bgerebze) 

komunikaciur situaciaSi 

adekvaturi reagireba 

enobrivi formulebis mar- 

Tebuli gamoyeneba sakomu- 

nikacio situaciaSi 

175

sagani: NqarTuli ena 


II klasi 

Tema: `zamTari~ (amjerad ivaraudeba, rom Sefaseba xdeba Temis 

dasrulebis Semdeg). 

mizani: moswavle SeZlebs 

zamTris suraTis aRweras; 

martivi sityvebis amokiTxvas (ilustraciaze dayrdnobiT); 

martivi sityvebis daweras (ilustraciaze dayrdnobiT); 

nimuSis safuZvelze martivi winadadebis dawerasa da 

amokiTxvas; 

suraTze da masze miweril saxelebze dayrdnobiT martivi 

kiTxvebis dasmas da maTze pasuxs. 

saWiro frazebi: Tovs. civa. yinvaa. mTebi TeTria. 

romelia zamTris Tveebi? zamTris Tveebia dekemberi, ianvari, 

Tebervali. 

me miyvars / ar miyvars zamTari. 

ras TamaSob zamTarSi? zamTarSi miyvars cigaoba, gundaoba, cigure- 

biT sriali. 

leqsika: Tovli, zamTari, Tovlis papa, civa, yinva, 

TeTri, didi, gunda/gundaoba, ciga/cigaoba, TamaSi, 

cigurebi. 

(werisTvis aqedan airCeva sityvebi imisda mixedviT, Tu ra asoebi aqvT 

gavlili da ra unda gaiaron). 

176

ekomendaciebi SefasebisaTvis 


Temis dasrulebis Semdeg, sasurvelia, moswavleebi Sefasdnen yve- 

la mimarTulebiT: mosmena, kiTxva, wera da zepirmetyveleba. gTava- 

zobT Sefasebis sqemebs yvela mimarTuebiT: 

mosmena: 

kriteriumi yovelTvis iSviaTad arasodes 

yuradRebiT ismens 

adekvaturad rea- 

girebsinstruq- ciebze 

mcire xmauric ki 

xels uSlis mosme- 

naSi 

esmis dasmuli 

SekiTxvis / 

SekiTxvebis 

Sinaarsi 

kiTxva: 


Seusabamebs suraTs 

amokiTxul sityvas 

/ frazas 

marcvlebisagan 

awyobs sityvas 

svams winadadebaSi 

Sesabamis sityvas 

177

wera: 



nimuSis mixedviT 

uSecdomod iwers 

sityvas 

ilustracias uke- 

Tebs Sesabamis 

warweras 

aRadgens sityvaSi 

gamotovebul asos 

laparaki: 


mkafiod da sworad 

warmoTqvams sity- 

vebs (maT Soris 

specifikur bge- 

rebs) 

aRwers suraTs 

Seswavlili sity- 

vebisa da frazebis 

gamoyenebiT 

svams martiv Se- 

kiTxvas 

upasuxebs sxvis 

mier dasmul 

martiv SekiTxvas 

178

sagani: maTematika 


III klasi 

Tema: geometriuli figurebi (ferTa mozaika, Cven vqmniT 

kompoziciuri naxazebis silamazes). 

saxelmZRvanelo: maTematika _ n. gvilava; e. CiloCava, s. CxeiZe. 

akademiuri miznebi: 

amoicnobs naxatze gamosaxul geometriul figurebs; 

qmnis axal kompozicias; 

gamoTvlis mocemuli figurebis gverdebis jams; 

gamoTvlis TiToeuli Fferis figurebis raodenobas (metoba- 

nakleboba). 

enobrivi miznebi: 

asaxelebs suraTze gamosaxul figurebs; 

aRwers ilustracias ferebisa da figurebis miTiTebiT da gamoxatavs 

sakuTar damokidebulebas (momwons / ar momwons, lamazia / ar aris 

lamazi); 

leqsika da konstruqciebi: ferebiT, figurebiT, wiTeli metia cis- 

ferze / 

naklebia, _iT,... gverdi, sigrZe... 

socialuri miznebi: 

SeuZlia Seafasos sxvisi da sakuTari namuSevari; 

aRiaros sxvisi Rirseba; 

hqondes erTobis gancda; 

SeZlos resursebis ganawileba. 

aqtivobebi: 

aqtivoba 1: wyvilebi unda daukvirdnen saxelmZRvaneloSi miTiTebul 

frangi mxatvris pol mondorianis naxats da gascen pasuxi Semdeg 

kiTxvebs: 

179

a aris gamosaxuli naxatze? 

ra figurebia? 

ramdeni kuTxe aqvs TiToeuls? 


riT hgavs es figurebi erTmaneTs? 

riT gansxvavdebian es figurebi erTmaneTisgan? 

dro: 5 wuTi; 

resursi: wigni, gv. 26; 

organizeba - muSaoba wyvilebSi. 

aqtivoba 2. _ moswavleebs isev vTxovT daukvirdnen naxats. 

eZlevaT Sesavsebad cxrili, romelSic unda Caweron suraTze ferTa 

raodenoba, ferebis dasaxeleba. 

wyvilebi asruleben Semdeg davalebas: asaxeleben figurebis raode- 

nobas ferebis mixedviT; akeTeben Canawers: cisferi figurebis raode- 

noba metia Tu wiTlis? ramdeniT naklebia Savi feris figura na- 

crisfer figuraze? 

dro: 7 wuTi; 

resursebi: saxelmZRvanelo gv. 26.; 

organizeba _ muSaoba wyvilebSi. 

aqtivoba 3. moswavleebs vurigebT sxvadasxva feris, zomis, formis 

figurebs da vTxovT Seadginon msgavsi kompozicia. 

dro: 10 wuTi; 

resursi: feradi qaRaldebi (figurebi), TeTri furclebi, webo; 

organizeba: jgufuri. 

aqtivoba 4. jgufebi cvlian erTmaneTis namuSevrebs da upasuxeben 

kiTxvebs (werilobiT): 

ramdeni figuraa furcelze? 

romeli ferebia gamoyenebuli? 

romeli feris figuraa meti da ramdeniT? 

(kiTxvebi Camowerilia dafaze) 

180


aqtivoba 5. jgufebi asruleben davalebas: zomaven mocemul fur- 

celze yvelaze didi da yvelaze patara oTxkuTxedebis gverdebis 

sigrZes da iTvlian TiToeulis sigrZeTa jams. 

jgufebi akeTeben prezentacias (TiTo jgufs TiTo wuTi). 

dro: 7 wuTi; 

resursebi: jgufebis namuSevrebi, furclebi, kalmebi; 

organizeba: jgufuri. 

aqtivoba 6. amoicnon daviT kakabaZis naxatSi msgavsi figurebi da 

daiTvalon ramdeni figuraa aseTi. 

dro: 3 wuTi; 

resursi: saxelmZRvanelo gv. 26; 

organizeba: muSaoba jgufebSi. 

aqtivoba 7. vurigebT baraTebs, romlebzec wertilebiT moniSnulia 

oTxkuTxedebi. vTxovT, SeaerTon wertilebi da miaweron, ramdeni 

oTxkuTxedia moniSnul baraTze? 

dro: 7 wuTi, 

resursi: baraTebi, markerebi; 

organizeba: individualuri. 

saSinao davaleba: 

Seqmnan naxati sxva geometriuli figurebis gamoyenebiT 

da miaweron, ramdeni figura gamoiyenes da ramdeni feri. 


enobrivi unarebis TvalsazrisiT unda Sefasdes: 

davalebis pirobis / instruqciis gageba da adekvaturi 

reagireba; 

maTematikuri cnebebis (metia, naklebia) da terminebis 

(samkuTxedi, oTxkuTxedi, wre, kuTxe, gverdi... da a.S.) 

marTebuli gamoyeneba; 

181


gramatikuli konstruqciebis _ -iT naklebia, -iT metia, -iT 

hgavs, -iT gansxvavdeba _ marTebuli gamoyeneba. 

imisaTvis, rom moswavlem mizanmimarTulad warmarTos saswavlo 

saqmianoba, man unda icodes, ras iTxoven misgan. roca moswavlem 

icis is konkretuli miznebi, romelTa misaRwevadac warmarTavs samu- 

Saos da icis kriteriumebic, romelTa mixedviTac Seafaseben, aris 

ufro motivirebulic da mobilizebulic. 

A amjerad Cven gTavazobT gakveTilze enis gamoyenebis Sefasebis 

kriteriumebs: 

kriteriumebi Kdiax ara SeniSvna 

adekvaturad reagirebs instruqciebze 

sworad amoicnobs da asaxelebs suraTze 

gamosaxul geometriul figurebs 

asaxelebs minimum erT gansxvavebas da 

erT msgavsebas da marTebulad iyenebs 

enobriv konstruqcias: hgavs –iT, 

gansxvavdeba –iT. 

marTebulad iyenebs enobriv konstruq- 

cias: -iT metia, -iT naklebia. 

icis ferebis saxelwodebebi (martivi da 

Sedgenili). 

iyenebs damokidebulebis gamomxatvel 

enobriv formulebs: momwons / ar mom- 

wons. 

mniSvnelovania, maswavlebelma daadginos, maTematikis sakiTxebSi 

Secdomebis daSvebis SemTxvevaSi moswavles ar hyofnis maTematikuri 

codna Tu enobrivi, amitom Semowmebis mizniT SesaZlebelia pasuxis 

dros qarTuli enis mSobliuriT Canacvleba. 

182

sagani: bunebismcodneoba 

Tema: cxovelTa jgufebi 


IV klasi 

akademiuriMmiznebi: icis da asaxelebs cxovelTa jgufebs. 

enobrivi miznebi: iswavlis cxovelTa klasebis dasaxelebas 

(ZuZumwovari, qvewarmavali, amfibia...), am jgufebSi Semavali 

cxovelebis saxelwodebebs da axasiaTebs cxovelebs gadaadgilebis 

(daxoxavs, dafrinavs, curavs), arsebobis sxva maxasiaTeblebis (riT 

ikvebeba, rogor mravldeba...)…mixedviT. 

aqtivobebi: 

aqtivoba 1: 

bavSvi gamodis kalaTTan, iRebs cxovelis suraTs, ambobs 

dasaxelebas qarTulad; klasifikacias _ jgufs akuTvnebs mSobliur 

enaze, moZebnis im jgufs somxur enaze warweril plakatze, 

waikiTxavs am sityvis qarTul Sesatyviss da ityvis winadadebas _ 

lomi aris ZuZumwovari cxoveli... ku aris qvewarmavali... 

dro _ 20 wuTi; O 

organizeba _ individualuri; 

resursebi _ kalaTSi yria cxovelTa suraTebi; plakati cxovelTa 

klasifikaciis dasaxelebebiT somxurad da 

qarTulad. 

aqtivoba 2: 

maswavlebeli aZlevs mSobliur enaze ganmartebebs _ 

jgufebSi geZlevaT davaleba: daasaxeleT jgufebSi Semavali cxove- 

lebi qmedebebis mixedviT, visac SeuZlia, qarTul enaze Semdegi saxis 

winadadebebiT _ lomi aris ZuZumwovari cxoveli _ is dadis, darbis; 

delfini aris ZuZumwvari cxoveli _ is dacuravs. Tu moswavles amis 

183


Tqma gauWirdeba, imaves ambobs mSobliur enaze, mxolod cxovelTa 

jgufs plakatze vakiTxebT qarTulad. 

dro: 15 wuTi; 

organizeba: jgufebSi. 

saSinao davaleba: vaZlevT Sefasebis sqemas (miTiTeba somxurad), ro- 

melic unda Seavson (cxrili iqneba Sesavsebi qarTul enaze): 

Sefaseba: prezentaciebis zepiri Sefaseba. formaluri dakvirvebiT da 

CaniSvniT. 

rekomendacia SefasebisaTvis 

am SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT TviTSefasebis sqema, ro- 

melic kidev ufro konkretuli SeiZleba gavxadoT. es daexmareba ara 

marto maswavlebels obieqturobis dacvaSi, aramed moswavlesac ob- 

ieqtur TviTSefasebaSi. Sefasebis sqemaSi sasurvelia iyos ori sveti: 

erTi moswavlisaTvis, meore _ maswavleblisaTvis. meore sveti mas- 

wavlebels aZlevs saSualebas daakvirdes, ramdenad obieqturia mos- 

wavle sakuTari saswavlo saqmianobis Sefasebisas. moswavles uvi- 

Tardeba TviTSefasebis unari. is kargad xedavs sakuTar Zlier mxa- 

reebs da imasac, ra unda gaaumjobesos. gTavazobT aseTi sqemis ni- 

muSs (yvelgan igulisxmeba, rom CamoTvlil saswavlo qmedebebs mos- 

wavle asrulebs meore enaze): 

kriteriumi 

me yovelTvis vigeb maswav- 

leblis instruqciebs 

me SemiZlia cxovelTa da- 

saxeleba suraTebis mixed- 

moswavlis 

TviTSefaseba 

184 

maswavleb- 

lisSefa- seba 

diax ara diax ara 

ra unda ga- 

vaumjobeso

viT 

me SemiZlia cxovelTa 

jgufis (klasis) dasaxele- 

ba 

me SemiZlia zmnebis sworad 

SerCeva 

me SemiZlia sworad vupa- 

suxo SekiTxvebs 

me SemiZlia cxrilis Sevse- 

ba 


SeniSvna: dawyebiT klasebSi aseTi sqema SeiZleba gakeTdes or enaze. 

185

sagani: xelovneba 

Tema: xelovnebis ruka. 


V klasi 

akademiuri miznebi: icis da asaxelebs qveynebis saxelwodebebsa da 

qveynebis RirsSesaniSnav adgilebs. 

enobrivi miznebi: 

Sesaswavli cnebebi: safrangeTi, saberZneTi, egvipte, CineTi, 

avstralia, brazilia, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi. 

Senoba taZari, nageboba, qandakeba. 

enobrivi konstruqciebi: es Senoba mdebareobs . . . . . . . -Si. 

aqtivoba 1. maswavlebeli mSobliur enaze sTxovs moswavleebs, 

CamoTvalon qveynebi, romlebic ician da Tu ician, ra 

RirSesaniSnaobebia im qveynebSi. ra RirSesaniSnaobebia maT 

sofelSi/qalaqSi? 

dro: 5-7 wuTi 

aqtivoba 2. maswavlebeli akravs sqemas, romelSic mSobliur enaze 

weria qveynebis saxelwodebebi. Mmoswavleebma wyvilebSi unda 

mouZebnon maT qarTuli Sesatyvisebi. 

wyvilebi cxrilSi pouloben qveynebis dasaxelebas mSobliur enaze, 

kiTxuloben qarTul dasaxelebas da Sesabamis grafaSi weren swor 

pasuxs. 

dro _ 15 wuTi; resursi: saxelmZRvanelo, sqema; 

organizeba: jgufuri muSaoba. 

aqtivoba 3. maswavlebeli TiToeul jgufs unawilebs or-or tests 

da qarTul enaze aZlevs miTiTebebs: waikiTxeT testi da dawereT, 

romel qveyanaSia es Senoba? 

186


maswavlebeli qarTul enaze acnobs davalebis pirobas (saWiroebis 

SemTxvevaSi, ganmartebebs vakeTebT maT mSobliur enaze): swori pa- 

suxis rigiTi nomeri SemoxazeT, araswori pasuxis SemTxvevaSi gaas- 

woreT da miuTiTeT swori varianti (testic, aseve, qarTul enazea). 

dro – 10 wuTi; 

resursi _ winaswar dabeWdili testebi. O 

organizeba _ wyvilebSi. 

aqtivoba 4. maswavlebeli mcire jgufebs aZlevs sqemas, romlis 

mixedviTac unda daajgufon RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi Semdegi 

klasifikaciiT: 

taZari / Senoba-nageboba / qandakeba. 

SeniSvna – es warwerebi qarTul enaze keTdeba. 

keTdeba namuSevrebis prezentacia. 

dro: 5 wuTi; 

resursi: sqema; 

organizeba: jgufuri muSaoba. 

saSinao davaleba _ wignSi mocemuli rukis mixedviT gadaanawilon 

RirSesaniSnaobebi qveynebis mixedviT. 


am gakveTilze efeqtiani iqneba urTierTSefasebis formis 

gamoyeneba. meore aqtivobis Semdeg wyvilebi cvlian erTmaneTSi 

namuSevrebs da erTi wyvili afasebs meore wyvilis namuSevars (TiTo 

swori pasuxi – TiTo qula). 

urTierTSefasebis forma SeiZleba gamoviyenoT meore aqtivobis 

drosac. testebi moswavleebma unda gausworon erTmaneTs. gTavazobT 

testis nimuSs: 

jvris taZari mdebareobs saqarTveloSi. 

187 

sworia ar aris 

swori


piramidebi mdebareobs safrangeTSi. 

Tavisuflebis qandakeba mdebareobs niu- 

iorkSi. 

CineTis kedeli mdebareobs egvipteSi. 

qristes qandakeba mdebareobs braziliaSi. 

luvri mdebareobs avstraliaSi. 

Taj_mahali mdebareobs indoeTSi. 

parTenoni mdebareobs saqarTveloSi. 

M mewyvilis naweris Sesafaseblad moswavles SeuZlia daubrundes 

teqsts. kidev erTxel gadaamowmos informacia, romelic amoikiTxa. 

amdenad, urTierTSefaseba mxlod Sefasebis unars ki ar aviTarebs, 

aramed codnis aTviseba-ganmtkicebis kargi saSualebacaa. 

188

sagani: Zveli msoflio istoria. 


VI klasi 

Tema - istoriuli (arqeologiuri) periodizacia. 

akademiuri (sagnobrivi) miznebi: moswavleebi Seiswavlian istoriuli 

periodizaciis aRmniSvnel terminebs (paleoliTi, mezoliTi, 

neoliTi, eneoliTi, brinjaos xana, rkinis xana), TiToeuli periodis 

dasawyissa da dasasruls. 

enobrivi miznebi: Seiswavlian saerTaSoriso terminebis qarTul 

Sesatyvisebs (paleoliTi = Zveli qvis xana, mezoliTi = Sua qvis 

xana, neoliTi = axali qvis xana, eneoliTi = spilenZ-qvis xana, anu 

spilenZis xana). daadgenen mimarTebas: aTaswleuli = 1000 weli, 

aswleuli = 100 weli. 

Sesaswavli leqsika: dro, periodi, Zveli, Sua, axali, qva, spilenZi, 

brinjao, rkina, saukune, aswleuli, aTaswleuli. 

aqtivobebi: 

aqtivoba 1. maswavlebeli dafaze / formatze asaxavs terminebis 

saerTo da gansxvavebul nawilebs: 

,,Zveli’’ = pale 

,,Sua’’ = mezzo 

liTi = ,,qva ‘’ 

,,axali’’ = neo 

,,spilenZi’’ = eneo 

imis Sesamowmeblad, daimaxsovres Tu ara axali terminebi, maswavle- 

beli ambobs qarTul sityvebs (Zveli, Sua, axali, spilenZi + qva), 

moswavleebi daWril muyaoze dawerili Sesabamisi laTinuri sityve- 

biT (pale, mezo, neo, eneo + liTi) adgenen periodebis saxelwode- 

bebs. 

dro _ 10 wuTi, 

189


organizeba _ muSaoba mTel jgufTan, 

resursebi: muyao laTinuri sityvebiT. 

aqtivoba 2. maswavlebeli jgufebs sTavazobs cxrils, romelSic un- 

da Caweron TiToeuli periodis gaswvriv dasawyisi da misi 

xangrZlivoba, e.w. qronologiuri CarCo. mag: paleoliTi _ adamianis 

gaCenidan 12 aTaswleuli (12.000). 

dro – 10 wuTi, 

organizeba _ jgufuri, 

resursi _ cxrilis qseroaslebi. 

aqtivoba 3. moswavleebi individualurad kiTxuloben masalas sax- 

elmZRvanelodan periodebis Sesaxeb. 

dro _ 10 wT., organizeba _ individualuri, 

resursi _ saxelmZRvanelo. 

aqtivoba 4. maswavlebeli jgufebSi arigebs cxrilebs. TiToeuli 

jgufi avsebs monacemebs qarTulad erTi periodisaTvis. Semdeg xdeba 

TiToeuli 

jgufis mier am masalis warmodgena. 

periodi dro (TariRi) 

dro _ 15 wuTi; 

organizeba _ jgufuri; 

resursebi: saxelmZRvanelo, cxrilebi. 

saSinao davaleba: 

190 

ra mniSvnelovani 

movlena ukavSirdeba 

am dros 

1. gakveTilze Seswavlili sityvebis, terminebisa da frazebis gamoye- 

nebiT Seadginon periodizaciis amsaxveli Sedgenili sruli cxrili 

qarTul enaze. 

2. moamzadon qarTulad prezentacia TiToeuli periodis Sesaxeb.

ekomendaciebi SefasebisaTvis 


am gakveTilze im terminebis damaxsovreba, romlebic laTinuri fu- 

Zisaa, moswavleebs ar unda gauWirdeT. Uუfro metic, es terminebi 

maTTvis SeiZleba erTgvar “kunZulebad” gamodges, romlebic mTliani 

teqstis gagebas gauadvilebs. arsebiTi swored is aris, rom moswav- 

leebma gaigon da gaiazron teqsti, romelzedac dayrdnobiT moaxde- 

nen informaciis organizebas. mniSvnelovania, moswavleebi davakvir- 

voT kompozitebis, warmoqmnili sityvebis Semadgenlobas (magaliTad, 

aTaswleuli, aswleuli). 

Sefaseba SesaZlebelia moxdes Semdegi rubrikebis saSualebiT. 

kiTxvis procesze dakvirvebis safuZvelze maswavlebeli avsebs 

cxrils. magaliTad: 

rubrika diax ara SeniSvna 

teqstis wakiTxvisas igebs ZiriTad 

informacias; 

teqstis gasaazreblad iyenebs 

terminebs laTinuri fuZiT; 

cxrilis Sesavsebad ramdenimegzis 

ubrundeba teqsts, kiTxulobs Se- 

sabamis adgilebs; 

misTvis bundovani / gaugebari ad- 

gilebis dasazusteblad svams 

kiTxvebs / sTxovs daxmarebas mas- 

wavlebels / Tanatolebs. 

Mmoswavleebs eZlevaT prezentaciis Sefasebis sqemac, romlis mixed- 

viTac afaseben erTmaneTis namuSevrebs. magaliTad: 

191

informaciis sakmarisoba 

(teqstidan ar tovebs arsebiT 

da mniSvnelovan informacias) 

informaciis sizuste (ar 

amaxinjebs faqtebs, zustad 

asaxelebs TariRebs) 

Sesabamisi araverbaluri 

saSualebebi (enobrivi 

saSualebebis deficitis 

SemTxvevaSi adekvaturad iyenebs 

Jestebs, mimikas) 

Sesaferisi ena (iyenebs 

Seswavlil leqsikas, terminebsa 

da frazebs) 


192 

1-2 3-5 6-7 8-10 

Mmocemuli cxrlebi orientirebulia ara marto enis gamoyenebis 

unaris Sefasebaze, aramed sagnobrivi codnisa da zogadi unarebis 

(magaliTad, informaciis organizebis unari) Semowmebaze.

sagani: istoria 

Tema – istoriuli dro 


VII klasi 

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian istoriuli drois 

erTeulebsa da SeZleben maT erTmaneTTan dakavSirebas. 

Sesaswavli leqsika - dro, weli, aTwleuli, saukune, aTaswleuli, 

istoriuli dro, geologiuri dro, aTvlis sistema, cxrili, 

flifCarti, religia, islami, 

teqnika, kalendari. 

enobrivi mizani - moswavle Seiswavlis istoriuli periodebis 

aRmniSvnel ZiriTad terminebs - mag. Zveli welTaRricxva, axali 

welTaRricxva; aseve gaecnoba istoriis periodebad dayofis 

aRmniSvnel terminebs - Zveli dro, Sua saukuneebi, axali dro. 

funqciuri frazebi - gadaixazeT, iyofa, iwyeba, mTavrdeba, 

gamoiangariSeT, gansazRvreT, SeavseT, CawereT, daviwyoT Temis 

zogadi ganxilviT, axla gagacnobT gakveTilis Temasa da mizans, ras 

SeviswavliT am gakveTilze, gadaSaleT saxelmZRvaneloebi, 

waikiTxeT (gaecaniT), SekiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia - 

CamabareT nawerebi. 

dro - 45 wuTi. 

resursebi - maswavlebeli - didi formatis qaRaldi (flifCarti), 

dafa, carci; moswavleebi - saxelmZRvanelo me-7 

klasi (moswavlis wigni), rveuli, kalmistari, saxatavi 

furclebi. 

aqtivobebi: 

aqtivoba 1 

maswavlebeli amowmebs saSinao davalebas: aTvalierebs SerCeviT 

moswavleTa rveulebs da aseve zepirad gamoikiTxavs davalebas. 

193

saSinao davaleba 


rveulSi gadaixazeT geologiuri da istoriuli drois cxrili 

(cnoba 1). qveda, cariel grafebSi CawereT TiTo-TiTo iseTi movlena, 

romelsac geologiuri da istoriuli droiT angariSoben (ix - me- 7 

klasi saxelmZRvanelo, paragrafi 1 - ”dro da istoria”). 

aqtivoba 2 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs Sesaswavli gakveTilis Temasa da 

mizans da wers dafaze. is saubrobs istoriuli drois 

mniSvnelobaze. 

aqtivobas eTmoba - 5 wT. 

aqtivoba 3 

maswavlebeli avalebs moswavleebs gaecnon Sesaswavli gakveTilis 1- 

el qveTavs (ix. -me- 7 klasi saxelmZRvanelo, paragrafi 2 - 

”istoriuli dro”) da svams SekiTxvebs, romlebsac moswavleebi 

adgilidan pasuxoben. 

SekiTxvebi: 

• Tqveni azriT, ratom sWirdebaT istorikosebs erTiani aTvlis 

sistema? 

• im SemTxvevSi, Tu istorikosebi gamoiyenebdnen sxvadasxva aTvlis 

sistemebs, ra moxdeboda? 

aqtivobas eTmoba - 10 wT. 

aqtivoba 4 

maswavlebeli mokled saubrobs istoriuli drois erTeulebze da 

winaswar momzadebuli flifCartis demonstrirebas axdens an (Tu 

flifCarti ar aqvs), wers dafaze: 

1 weli; 

100 weli - 10 aTwleuli - 1 saukune; 

1000 weli - 100 aTwleuli - 1 aTaswleuli. 

maswavlebeli saubrisas ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom 1-eli saukune 

grZeldeba 1-eli wlidan 100 wlis CaTvliT, me-2 saukune 101 wlidan 

200 wlis CaTvliT da a.S. aseve uxsnis aTaswleulebs: 

194


1-eli aTaswleuli _ 1-eli wlidan 1000 CaTvliT, 

me-2 aTaswleuli _ 1001 wlidan 2000 wlis CaTvliT da a.S. da wers 

dafaze an winaswar aqvs momzadebuli flifCartze. 

drois erTeulebis axsnis Semdeg moswavleebma SesaZlebelia dasvan 

SekiTxvebi - maswavlebeli pasuxobs. 

aqtivobas eTmoba 10 wT. 

aqtivoba 5 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs klasSi Sesasrulebel davalebas 

(savarjiSo #1 da savarjiSo #2 - ix. danarTi # 1). am davalebis 

teqsti mas winaswar aqvs dawerili flifCartze (akravs dafaze) an 

dabeWdili aqvs Tabaxis furclebze (personalurad urigebs moswav- 

leebs). maswavlebeli davalebas amowmebs gakveTilebis Semdeg: 

aqtivobas eTmoba 15 wuTi. 


am SemTxvevaSi gakveTilis bolos moswavleebisaTvis micemuli sa- 

varjiSoebi (minitestebi) ZiriTadad gakveTilze miRebuli codnis 

Sefasebazea orientirebuli, magram, radgan isini qarTul enaze 

sruldeba, garkveul enobriv kompetenciasac moiTxovs. am savarji- 

SoebiT Semowmdeba: 

pirobis gageba da gaazreba; 

axladaTvisebuli terminebisa da specifikuri leqsikuri 

erTeulebis codna da gamoyeneba; 

rTuli ricxviTi saxelebis codna da adekvaturi gamoyeneba. 

efeqtiania TviTSefasebis sqemis gamoyeneba, romelic kidev ufro 

met informacias miscems maswavlebels moswavlis codnasa da unar- 

Cvevebze, daexamereba mas imis dadgenaSi, Tu ra uZneldeba moswavles, 

ra saWiroebebi aqvs, moswavles ki daafiqrebs imaze, ra gaaumjobesos. 

gTavazobT TviTSefasebis sqemas am konkretuli gakveTilisaTvis: 

195


mosmena vigeb maswavleblis yvela 

instruqcias. 

maswavleblis saubrisas 

CemTvis nacnob sityvebsa 

da frazebze dayrdnobiT 

SemiZlia saubris Sinaar- 

sis gageba. 

zepirmetyveleba vpasuxob maswavleblis 

mier dasmul SekiTxvebs. 

SemiZlia sakuTari misa- 

zrebis gamoTqma. 

kiTxva SemiZlia sakuTari mosa- 

zrebisargumentirebisaT- vis davimowmo (amovikiTxo) 

saxelmZRvanelos Sesaba- 

misi monakveTi. 

teqstis kiTxvisas veyrd- 

nobi Cems codnas Temis 

Sesaxeb da nacnob sity- 

vebsa da frazebs, risi 

saSualebiTac vigeb wa- 

kiTxulis Sinaarss. 

wera vavseb cxrils mocemuli 

instruqciis mixedviT. 

leqsika TariRebis aRsaniSnavad 

viyeneb martiv da rTul 

ricxviT saxelebs, yvela 

axladSeswavlil leqsi- 

kur erTeuls. 

196 

8-10 6-7 4-5 3-2 1-0

gasaumjobesebelia: 


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197

sagani: qimia 


VIII klasi 

Tema: mJava, marili. zogadi daxasiaTeba 

gakveTilis mizani: araorganul naerTTa klasebis - mJavebisa da ma- 

rilebis gacnoba-daxasiaTeba, formulebis Sedgena, dasaxeleba. 

enobrivi mizani: moswavle Seiswavlis mJavebisa da marilebis qarTul 

saxelwodebebs, qarTulad ganmartavs mJavebis klasifikacias, aRwers 

sqematurad gamosaxul masalas qarTulad. amisaTvis iyenebs iseT 

martiv winadadebebs, rogoricaa: gogirdmJava aris orfuZiani Jangba- 

diani mJava; marilmJava aris erTfuZiani uJangbado mJava; marili 

Sedgeba metalisa da mJavas naSTisagan da a.S. 

nacnobi cnebebi: qimiuri elementi, oqsidi, metali, arametali, qimi- 

uri elementis simbolo, qimiuri formula. 

Sesaswavli cnebebi: mJava, mJavas naSTi, mJavas fuZianoba, Jangbadiano- 

ba, marili, marilebis saxelwodebebi. 

funqciuri frazebi: Seicavs mJavas naSTs, daaxasiaTeT fuZianobis 

mixedviT, gansazRvreT mJavas naSTis valentoba, SeavseT cxrili, 

daaxasiaTeT Jangbadianobis mixedviT, SeavseT gamotovebuli adgile- 

bi, SeadgineT marilis formula, daasaxeleT naerTi. 

xangrZlivoba: 45 wT. 

resursebi: saxelmZRvanelo, sqemebi, cxrilebi, perioduli sistema. 

SeniSvna: detalurad gakveTilis scenari ix. broSuraSi . . . . . . . . 


gakveTilis scenarSi warmodgenili sqemebisa da cxrilebis Sevseba 

mcire jgufebSi / wyvilebSi moswavleebs saSualebas miscems ara 

marto gacvalon miRebuli informacia, aramed daexmaron erTmaneTs 

gaugebari cnebebisa da terminebis ganmartebaSi. imis Sesafaseblad, 

ramdenad nayofieria jgufuri / wyvilebSi muSaoba, maswavlebeli 

198


unda akvirdebodes jgufebis muSaobas da iniSnavdes winaswar Semu- 

Savebul formaSi TiToeuli jgufis saqmianobas. gTavazobT aseTi 

formis nimuSs: 

kriteriumebi 4-5 6-7 8-10 

jgufis mier 

davalebis pi- 

robis,Sinaar- sis gaazreba 

jgufis mier 

samuSaos orga- 

nizeba 

jgufSi enis 

gamoyeneba 

jgufis wevrTa 

Soris urTier- 

Toba 

jgufma davale- 

bis piroba da 

Sinaarsi kargad 

ver gaigo 

samuSao ar iyo 

organizebuli. 

jgufis wevre- 

bidan sqemaze 

muSaobda mxo- 

lod is, vinc 

enas ukeTesad 

flobs. 

jgufis wevrebi 

mxolod mSob- 

liur enaze 

urTierTobdnen 

muSaobis pro- 

cesSi 

jgufis aqtiur 

wevrsa da pa- 

siur wevrebs 

Soris zogjer 

urTierTobebi 

iZabeboda 

davalebis piroba 

da Sinaarsi gai- 

go mxolod mas- 

wavleblisdama- tebiTikomenta- rebis Semdeg 

samuSao organi- 

zebuli iyo, ma- 

gram jgufis we- 

vrebs Soris 

funqciebi araTa- 

nabradgadana- wilda 


ZiriTadad mSob- 

liur enaze ur- 

TierTobdnen, 

Tumca muSaobis 

procesSi iyo 

momentebi, roca 

meore enas iye- 

nebdnen 

jgufis wevrTa 

Soris ZiriTadad 

pozitiuri ur- 

TierTobebi iyo 

199 

jgufma 

davalebis 

piroba da 

Sinaarsi kargad 

gaigo da 

gaacnobiera 

samuSao kargad 

iyo or- 

ganizebuli, 

jgufis wevrebs 

Soris fun- 

qciebi sworad 

da Tanabrad 

gadanawilda 


adekvaturad 

anacvlebdnen 

mSobliursa da 

meore enas 

urTierTobisa 

da muSaobis 

procesSi 

jgufis wevrTa 

Soris iyo 

pozitiuri da 

saqmiani 

urTierTobebi


Aam gakveTilze SeiZleba aseve jgufis wevrTa TviTSefasebisa da 

urTierTSefasebis kiTxvarebis gamoyenebac, romelTa nimuSebi zemoT 

mogawodeT. 

200

sagani: samoqalaqo ganaTleba 

Tema: referendumi da plebisciti 


IX klasi 

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian demokratiis iseT 

cnebebs, rogorebicaa referendumi da plebisciti. 

erTmaneTs Seadareben am or cnebas da daadgenen maT 

msgavsebasa da gansxvavebas. 

enobrivi mizani - moswavleebi Seiswavlian referendumTan da 

plebiscitTan dakavSirebul qarTul da saerTaSoriso 

terminologias. 

Sesaswavli leqsika - demokratia, konstitucia, kanonmdebloba, 

referendumi, plebisciti, prezidenti, parlamenti, 

qmeduunaro, msjavrdebuli. 

funqciuri frazebi - daakvirdiT, waikiTxeT, gaecaniT, daasaxeleT, 

dro - 45 wuTi. 

vin mipasuxebs, romel Tqvengans surs? vin daexmareba 

amxanags? imuSaveT wyvilebSi, SeavseT testebi, SeavseT 

gamotovebuli adgilebi, gaucvaleT Tqvens mewyviles, 

SeafaseT Tqveni mewyvile, SeasworeT megobris naweri da 

miuwereT komentarebi, klass warudgineT Tqveni 

namuSevari, daasabuTeT Tqveni pasuxi, pasuxi saWiroebs 

argumentacias, samuSao furclebs daawereT Tqveni 

saxeli da gvari, daviwyoT Temis zogadi ganxilviT, 

axla gagacnobT gakveTilis Temasa da mizans, ras 

SeviswavliT am gakveTilze, gadaSaleT 

saxelmZRvaneloebi, vin metyvis? vin mipasuxebs? daexmareT 

mopasuxes, Tu arsebobs sxva mosazreba, SekiTxvebi xom ar 

gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia - CamabareT nawerebi. 

201


resursebi - maswavlebeli - dafa, carci;. moswavleebi - 

saxelmZRvanelo me-9 klasi (moswavlis wigni), ori feris 

kalmistari, Savi fanqari, saweri furclebi, danarTi #1. 

aqtivoba 1. maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs gakveTilis Temasa da 

mizans (wers dafaze), xolo Semdeg sTxovs maT (gameorebis mizniT) 

upasuxon SekiTxvebs: 

- ra aris demokratia? (25 -e paragrafi); 

- riTi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan pirdapiri da arCeviTi 

demokratia (26 -paragrafi). 


aqtivoba 2. maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaecnon 34-e paragrafis 

(”referendumi da plebisciti”) teqsts da am teqstze dayrdnobiT 

Seavson darigebuli testi. 

(danarTi #1). 

1. saqarTveloSi referendumi gaimarTa ...................wels 

.................................................. sakiTxze. 

2. referendumi aris 

...................................................................................................................... 

3. plebisciti aris 

........................................................................................................................ 

4. referendumSi da plebiscitSi monawileobis miRebis ufleba aqvs 

moqalaqes .................... asakidan. 

5. referendums niSnavs ........................................ 

6. plebiscits niSnavs .............................................. 

weris dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli krebs nawerebs, erT-erT 

moswavles iZaxebs dafasTan, gadascems sakuTar nawers da sTxovs 

klasis winaSe waikiTxos sakuTari pasuxebi. 

202


aqtivoba - 2 fasdeba Semdegnairad: 1- eli da me - 4 SekiTxvebi 

fasdeba 1 quliT, xolo me-2, me-3, me-4 da me-5 SekiTxvebi fasdeba 2 

quliT. 


aqtivoba 3. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs: gadaixazon dafidan 

cxrili (maswavlebeli am cxrils winaswar xazavs dafaze, raTa dro 

ar daikargos) da Caweron am cxrilSi sami msgavseba da sami 

gansxvaveba referendumsa da plebiscits Soris: 

msgavseba gansxvaveba 

1. 

2. 

3. 

rekomendaciebi SefasebebisaTvis 

gakveTilis scenaris mixedviT, teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg moswav- 

leebi avseben tests. imis miuxedavad, teqstis ra nawilia qarTu- 

lad, testi qarTul enaze unda iyos da Seivsos mxolod qarTu- 

lad. im variantis garda, romelic scenarSia (igulisxmeba moswav- 

lis prezentacia da klasis gamoxmaureba), sasurvelia, maswavle- 

belma gamoiyenos moswavleTa urTierTSefasebis forma. wyvilebi 

gacvlian erTmaneTSi nawerebs da asworeben. maswavlebeli testebs 

asworebs saxlSi da amowmebs rogorc Sesrulebuli testebis sis- 

wores, ise gasworebis xarisxs (tests unda eweros rogorc uSu- 

lod pasuxebis avtoris saxeli da gvari, ise gamsworeblisa). 

testebiT Semowmdeba ara marto codna saganSi, aramed: 

referendumTan da plebiscitTan dakavSirebul qarTuli da 

saerTaSoriso terminologiis codna; 

ganmartebebis formulireba qarTulad nakluli teqstis 

gamoyenebiT; 

203


instruqciebis gageba. 

imisaTvis, rom Semowmdes, ramdenad gaiazres referendumisa da 

plebiscitis arsi da SeuZliaT Tu ara maTi damaxasiaTebeli niSne- 

bis Camoyalibeba qarTulad, moswavleebi avseben cxrils. imisaTvis, 

rom davadginoTAaxerxebs Tu ara moswavle teqstidan mTavari da 

arsebiTi informaciis amoRebas, gTavazobT TviTSefasebis kiTxvars: 

kriteriumi 

teqstis kiTxvisas vaxerxebdi 

arsebiTi da mniSvnelovani in- 

formaciis moniSvnas. 

imisaTvis, rom Sevavso cxrili, 

teqsts xelaxla vubrundebi da 

advilad vpoulob saWiro ad- 

gils. 

me SemiZlia qarTuli da saerTa- 

Soriso terminologiis adekva- 

turi gamoyeneba. 

me SemiZlia referendumisa da 

pebiscitis arsebiTi niSnebis Ca- 

moTvla. 

me SemiZlia gansxvavebebis danax- 

va referendumisa da pebiscitis 

niSnebs Soris. 

me cxrilis Sevsebisas advilad 

varCevdi saWiro leqsikasa da 

enobriv konstruqciebs. 

moswavlis 

TviTSefaseba ra unda gavaumjobeso 

diax ara 

204

sagani: geografia 


X klasi 

Tema _ geografiis Seswavlis obieqti da miznebi 

gakveTilis miznebi _ moswavlem gaixsenos geografiis dargebi, misi 

Seswavlis obieqti da kvlevis meTodebi; daakavSiros erTmaneTTan 

geografiuli garsis Semadgenel komponentebi; ecodineba bunebrivi 

resursebi da misi mravalferovneba. agreTve, geografiis mniSvneloba. 

enobrivi miznebi _ moswavlem icodes geografiis dargebi da kvlevis 

meTodebi; geografiuli garsi da misi Semadgenloba; bunebrivi 

resursebi da misi klasifikacia. 

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi _ sabunebismetyvelo da sazogadoebrivi 

geografia, aRwerilobiTi da SedarebiTi meTodebi, geografiuli 

garemo, resursi, bunebrivi resursebis klasifikacia 

funqciuri frazebi _ ras niSnavs, . . . . niSnavs, daakavSire isrebiT, 

aris Tu ara saWiro, imisaTvis aris saWiro, rom. . . 

dro _ 45 wuTi. 

resursebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, sqemebi, dafa, carci. 

aqtivoba 1. 

I. ras niSnavs sityva ,,geografia’’ 

,,geo” - miwa dedamiwis aRwera 

,,grafos”-aRwera 

205

II. geografiis mimarTulebebi 


sabunebismetyvelo 

sazogadoebrivi 

III. kvlevis meTodebi 

aRwerilobiTi SedarebiTi 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 2 

geografiuli garsis Semadgenloba 

liTosfero biosfero 

atmosfero 

liTos_qvis garsi 

liTosfero 

206 

hidrosfero 

qerqi mantia guli/birTvi


atmosfero 

207 

vakuumsfero 

haeris ionosfero 

garsi stratosfero 

troposfero 

hidrosfero 

okeaneebi, zRvebi 

wylis garsi miwisqveSa wylebi 

sicocxlis 

garsi 

dro 15 wT. 

aqtivoba 3 

xmeleTis wylebi 

mcenareebi 

biosfero 

cxovelebi 

adamianebi 

zedapiruli wylebi 

bunebrivi resursi franguli _ qarT. maragi

aqtivoba 4 


bunebrivi resursebis klasifikacia 

gamolevadi gamoulevadi 

aRdgenadi aRudgenadi 

dro 5 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 5 

maswavlebeli wyvilebs aZlevs savarjiSos. 

qvemoT CamoTvlili bunebrivi resursebi daakavSireT isrebiT imis 

mixedviT, romelia gamolevadi da romeli _ gamoulevadi: 

msoflio okeanis 

qari 

niadagebi gamolevadi 

tyis 

mzis gamoulevadi 

wiaRiseuli 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 6. 

maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvas: aris Tu ara saWiro geografiis codna 

da risTvis? 

maswavlebeli klass uTiTebs teqsts saxelmZRvaneloSi da sTxovs mis 

wakiTxvas. moswavleebi sakuTar pasuxebs adareben wakiTxuls. 

dro 5 wuTi. 

208



gakveTilis scenaris mixedviT, moswavleebma geografiaSi manamde 

miRebul da axal codnaze dayrdnobiT unda moaxdinon informaciis 

organizeba. radgan sqemebis Sevsebisas moswavleebs, upirveles yov- 

lisa, sWirdebaT terminebisa da cnebebis codna, Sefasebis sqemis 

Sedgenisas aqcenti unda gakeTdes zogadkognitur unarze (informa- 

ciis organizebis unari) da geografiuli terminebisa da cnebebis 

gaazrebul codnaze, agreTve imaze, ramdenad adekvaturad igebs in- 

struqciebs: daakavSire isrebiT, SeavseT ierarqiuli diagrama, da a.S. 

mniSvnelvania, rom bolo aqtivoba Sesruldes qarTul enaze. mos- 

wavleebma unda gamoTqvan mosazrebebi geografiis codnis mniSvnelo- 

baze. am aqtivobis Sesafaseblad SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT rogorc 

moswavlis TviTSefasebis sqema,ise sqema maswavleblisaTvis gTava- 

zobT am ukanasknelis nimuSs: 

kriteriumi 3-4 5-6 7-8 9 10 

igebs SekiTxvis Sinaarss da 

adekvaturad upasuxebs 

azrs SeuzRudavad gamoTqvams, 

ar iborkeba enobrivi Secdomis 

daSvebis SiSiT 

adekvaturad iyenebs Seswavlil 

cnebebsa da terminebs 

SeniSvna: am SemTxvevaSi yuradReba ar unda mivaqcioT metyvelebaSi 

daSvebul enobriv Secdomebs. mTavaria, moswavles gauCndes azris 

gamoTqmis survili da moaxerxos am azris adresatamde mitana. 

209

sagani: fizika 

Tema - rxeviTi moZraoba 


XI klasi 

სagnobrivi mizani: moswavle cdis saSualebiT akvirdeba qanqaris 

rxevas, monacemebs warmoadgens cxrilis saxiT. 

enobrivi miznebi: moswavle Seiswavlis qarTul terminebs, qarTulad 

avsebs cxrils, daskvnas ayalibebs qarTulad. 

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi: rxevis amplituda, rxevis sixSire, 

rxevis periodi. 

funqciuri frazebi: Caatare cda, dainiSne dro, daiTvale rxevaTa 

ricxvi, gamoTvale rxevis periodi, gamoTvale 

rxevis sixSire, Caiwere monacemebi, Seadgine 

cxrili. Seitane dakvirvebis Sedegebi. 

warmoadgineT Sedegebi, gaakeTeT daskvna. 

resursebi: 40 da 50 sm sigrZis ori Zafi, ori tvirTi: 100 da 150 g 

aqtivoba 1. 

masis, wammzomi, skotCi, Tabaxis furclebi, 

kalmistrebi 

maswavlebeli dafaze wers gakveTilis mizans: ”rxeviTi 

moZraobis Seswavla”. maswavlebeli axdens Tavisufali rxevis 

demonstrirebas zambaraze dakidebuli tvirTis moZraobis 

magaliTze da ganmartavs rxevis amplitudas, rxevis periods da 

sixSires. 

aqtivoba 2 _ eqsperimenti 

mizani: qanqaras rxeviTi moZraobis Seswavla 

moswavleTa organizeba: jgufuri, TiTo jgufSi 4-5 moswavle 

eqsperimentis mizania gamoikvlion, aris Tu ara damokidebuli 

rxevis periodi qanqaras sigrZeze da masaze da rogor. 

TiToeul jgufs eZleva konkretuli davaleba. 

210


I jgufi: atarebs eqsperiments 100 g tvirTisTvis, roca qanqaras 

sigrZea 50 sm. 

II jgufi: m = 100 g, l = 40 sm. 

III jgufi: m = 150 g, l = 50 sm. 

IV jgufi: m = 150 g, l = 40 sm. 

moswavleebi inawileben funqciebs: erTi _ iniSnavs dros, meore 

_ iTvlis Sesrulebul rxevaTa ricxvs, mesame _ iTvlis rxevaTa 

periods, meoTxe _ sixSires, mexuTe _ adgens cxrils, Seaqvs 

dakvirvebis Sedegebi. 

m_qanqaras 

masa, g 

ℓ_qanqaras 

sigrZe, sm 

t_rxevebis 

dro, wm 

211 

N_rxevebis 

ricxvi 

T_ rxevis 

periodi,wm 

1 jg. 100 50 20 12 1,67 0,6 

2 jg. 100 40 20 14 1.43 0.7 

3 jg. 150 50 20 12 1.67 0.6 

4 jg. 150 40 20 14 1.43 0.7 

aqtivoba 3 _ prezentacia 

jgufebi warmoadgenen sakuTar Sedegebs. 

maswavleblis daxmarebiT keTdeba daskvnebi: 

qanqaras rxevis periodi damokidebulia qanqaras sigrZeze. 

rac metia qanqaras sigrZe, miT metia rxevis periodi. 

qanqaras rxevis periodi masaze damokidebuli ar aris. 


v_rxevis 

sixSire, 

mocemul gakveTilze, moswavleebis saswavlo saqmianobidan 

gamomdinare, sasurvelia enaSi Semowmdes mosmenis, weris, 

kiTxvis,zepirmetyvelebis unarebi. moswavlem unda gaigos 

maswavleblis mier miwodebuli informacia, gaiazros eqsperimentis 

Catarebis pirobebi, waikiTxos cxrilSi Cawerili monacemebi, 

1/wm


gaakeTos Canawerebi, dabolos, gaakeTos eqsperimentis Sedegebis 

prezentacia. aqedan gamomdinare, Sefasebis sqema iqneba kompleqsuri, 

orientirebuli erTdroulad ramdenime unaris Sefasebaze. gTavazobT 

aseTi sqemis nimuSs: 

mosmena yuradRebiT ismens da 

igebs maswavleblis mier 

gadacemul informacias 

igebs instruqciebsa da 

pirobebs eqsperimentis 

Casatareblad. 

zepirmetyveleba upasuxebs maswavleblis 

mier dasmul SekiTxvebs. 

jgufSi muSaobisas cvli- 

an informacias erTmaneT- 

Si. 

prezentaciisas iyenebs 

eqsperimentis Sedegebis 

SejamebisaTvis (daskvnis) 

saWiro enobriv formu- 

lebsa da Sesabamis cne- 

bebsa da terminebs. 

kiTxva adekvaturad igebs 

cxrilSi mocemul cnebeb- 

sa da pirobiT aRniSvnebs 

wera avsebs cxrils mocemuli 

gasaumjobesebelia: 

instruqciis mixedviT. 

212 

8-10 6-7 4-5 3-2 1-0 

______________________________________________________________ 

______________________________________________________________

sagani: maTematika 


XII klasi 

Tema: `zogierTi racionaluri da iracionaluri funqcia~ 

sagnobrivi miznebi: moswavleebi Seiswavlian wilad-wrfiv funqcias, 

gamoikvleven mis Tvisebebs da aageben grafiks; ganiviTareben 

funqciaTa ojaxebis Sedarebis unar-Cvevevas iseTi Tvisebebis 

mixedviT, rogorebicaa gansazRvris are da mniSvnelobaTa simravle, 

fesvebisa 

da eqstremumebis SesaZlo raodenoba, niSanmudmivobis da zrdadoba- 

klebadobis Sualedebi, asimptoturi qceva, grafikis geometriuli 

Tvisebebi. 

winapirobebi: sakiTxis SeswavlisTvis moswavleebma unda icodnen 

wrfivi funqcia da misi grafiki, cvladebs Soris ukuproporciuli 

damokidebuleba, misi Tvisebebi da grafiki (hiperbola), polinomuri 

funqcia; figuraTa geometriuli gardaqmnebi sibrtyeze; SeeZloT 

martivi gardaqmnebis Sesruleba algebrul gamosaxulebebze. 

enobrivi miznebi: moswavle Seiswavlis funqciis yofaqcevis 

damaxasiaTebel ZiriTad terminebs, ecodineba funqciis Tvisebebis 

qarTuli saxelwodebebi, SeZlebs qarTulad aRweros funqciis 

grafikis Taviseburebani da ganmartos parametrebis zegavlena 

funqciis Tvisebebze. 

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi: racionaluri funqcia, wilad-wrfivi 

funqcia, polinomur funqciaTa Sefardeba, grafikis asimptoti, funq- 

ciis yofaqceva argumentis usasrulod gazrdis/Semcirebisas. 

funqciuri frazebi: damoukideblad Seasrule savarjiSo, Seasrule 

geometriuli/algebruli gardaqmnebi, aRwere funqciis yofaqceva, ga- 

moiyene algebruli da grafikuli meTodebi, gamoikvlie parametrebis 

zegavlena funqciis Tvisebebze. 

213


resursebi: gakveTili ar saWiroebs raime gansakuTrebuli instrumen- 

tebis, TvalsaCinoebebisa da teqnologiebis gamoyenebas. 

aqtivobebi 

moswavleTa motivacia 

moswavleebs davusvamT amocanas: gaarkvieT, ra funqciis grafiki mii- 

Reba y = 1/x funqciis grafikisgan paraleluri gadataniT marcxniv (X 

RerZis paralelurad) 1 erTeuliT da zemoT (y RerZis paralelurad 

3 erTeuliT (ix. saxelmZRvanelo, nax. gv. 244). 

dro - 2-3 wT. 

kavSiri wina masalasTan 

moswavleebs vTxovT y = 1/x funqciis grafikis agebas da funqciis yo- 

faqcevis aRweras, roca argumenti usazRvrod izrdeba, an mcirdeba. 

dro – 2-3 wT. 

axali masalis wardgena 

moswavleebs gavacnobT racionaluri funqciis, wilad-wrfivi funq- 

ciis, funqciis grafikis asimptotis cnebebs, moswavleTa daxmarebT 

aRvwer wilad-wrfivi funqciis yofaqcevas, roca argumenti 

usazRvrod izrdeba an mcirdeba. 

dro – 7-9 wT. 

moswavleTa aqtivobebi 

frontaluri muSaobisTvis moswavleebs SevTavazebT saxelmZRvanelos 

savarjiSoebs # 1, 4, 5, 6, 14 (a, b). 

dro – 10-12 wT. 

codnis gamyareba 

moswavleebs davavalebT, damoukideblad Seasrulon saxelmZRvanelos 

# 17 (a, g), xolo maRali SesaZleblobebis moswavleebs damatebiT – 

# 16 savarjiSoebi. 

dro – 8-10 wT. 

gakveTilze dasaxuli miznebis Sesrulebis Sefaseba 

moswavleebs vTxovT, individualurad upasuxon saxelmZRvanelos 

# 20 savarjiSos kiTxvebs. 

dro – 3-5 wT. 

214



mocemul gakveTilze enobrivi miznebidan umTavresia cnebebisa 

da terminebis gageba-gaazreba da amicanebis, davalebebis pirobis 

gageba-gaazreba. arsebiT problemas aq Seqmnis imis gansazRvra, 

moswavlis Secdomas ganapirobebs maTematikuri codnisa Tu eno- 

brivi kompetenciis nakleboba. amitom aseT SemTxvevaSi yvelaze 

efeqtiani TviTSefasebis kiTxvaris gamoyenebaa. gTavazobT aseTi 

kiTxvaris nimuSs: 

kriteriumebi diax ara SeniSvna 

me mesmis funqciis yofaqcevis da- 

maxasiaTebeli terminebis qarTuli 

ganmartebebi. 

SemiZlia funqciis Tvisebebis gan- 

sazRvra axlad Seswavlili termi- 

nebis gamoyenebiT. 

SemiZlia aRvwero funqciis grafi- 

kis Taviseburebani. 

srulad vigeb amocanis / davale- 

bis pirobas. 

SemiZlia avago maTematikuri 

msjeloba, ganvmarto parametrebis 

zegavlena funqciis Tvisebebze. 

SeniSvnis grafaSi moswavles SeuZlia Caweros komentari, ram 

gauadvila / gaurTula maTematikuri davalebis Sesruleba, rac 

saSualebas mogvcems gadavWraT zemoT dasaxelebuli problema. 

215


4. bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis Sefaseba 

Sefasebisas aqcenti keTdeba bilingvalebis meore enis 

kompetenciaze da ar fasdeba is mniSvnelovani warmatebebi da 

upiratesobebi, rac, sazogadod, bilingvuri ganaTlebis process 

axlavs Tan. saWiro unarebis miRwevis Sefasebis procesSi yuradReba 

unda gamaxvildes iseT faqtorebze, rogorebicaa interpersonaluri 

unarebi (gunduri muSaoba, molaparakeba, kulturulad mravalferovan 

adamianebTan urTierToba da TanamSromloba da a.S.), informaciis 

mopovebisa da interpretirebis unari, kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi 

azrovnebis unari, pasuxismgeblobis aRebisa da ganawilebis, 

solidarobisa da a.S. unarebi. am unarebis nawilSi ki bilingvalebis 

upiratesoba monolingvalebTan SedarebiT kvlevebiTaa 

dadasturebuli. Tuki Sefaseba daefuZneba da moicavs am unarebis 

Sefasebasac da ara mxolod klasSi gamoxatul lingvisturi 

kompetenciis Sefasebas, maSin bilingvali bavSvebisadmi da 

bilingvizmisadmi sazogadoebrivi ganwyobebic pozitiurad Seicvleba. 

Bbilingvuri programis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis erTmaneTTan 

Sesabamisoba da Tanmimdevruloba erT-erT yvelaze rTul amocanas 

warmoadgens. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac calkeuli sagnis 

maswavleblebi mxolod TavianTi SexedulebiT adgenen Sefasebis 

sqemebs, romelSic ver iTvaliswineben meore enis komponents, verc 

imas, rogor Seusabamon erTmaneTs moTxovnebi saganSi da enaSi. 

msgavsi mdgomareobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT skolis direqtorebsa 

da maswavleblebs Semdeg startegiebs SeiZleba SevTavazoT: 

kargad SeiswavleT standartebi da darwmundiT, rom kargad 

gesmiT Tu ra unda icodnen da risi gakeTeba unda SeeZloT 

moswavleebs mocemul sagansa da meore enaSi; 

uzrunvelyaviT saskolo saswavlo gegmaSi Tanmimdevruloba 

sagansa da enaSi safexurebis, klasebis mixedviT; 

216


saswavlo gegmebis SemuSavebis dros gamoiyeneT “ukuRma” 

dagegmvis principi: standartebze dafuZnebiT, jer 

gansazRvreT misaRwevi Sedegebi rogorc saganSi, ise enaSi 

da Semdeg SeimuSaveTY misi miRwevisTvis saWiro saswavlo 

programa; 

gansazRvreT, saganSi saswavlo programis ra nawilis 

dafarvas SeZlebT mocemuli drois monakveTSi mSobliur 

enaze, ras – meore enaze; 

gansazRvreT is meTodebi, romlebiTac SeafasebT rogorc 

codnasa da unar-Cvevebs saganSi, ise enis flobasa da 

gamoyenebas; 

Sefaseba gaxadeT swavlebis procesis Semadgeneli nawili, 

romelic mogcemT SesaZleblobas droulad aRmoaCinoT 

“Cavardna” saganSi an/da enaSi da moaxdinoT koreqcia; 

bilingvur skolebSi, sadac regularulad akvirdebian da 

agroveben informacias imis Sesaxeb, rogor swavloben moswavleebi, 

ra Sedegebi aqvT saganSi, rogor iyeneben klasSi enas rogorc 

moswavleebi, ise maswavleblebi, yovelTvis iqneba imis garantia, rom 

orenovani maswavleblebi ar gadauxveven moTxovnebs da 

moswavleTaTvis swavlis gaadvilebis mizniT, mxolod mSobliur 

enaze ar Caatareben gakveTils. 

sasurveli miznis misaRwevad nebismier sferoSi, maT Soris 

ganaTlebaSi, mniSvnelovania arsebuli mdgomareobis xSirad Sefaseba 

sasurvel mdgomareobasTan mimarTebiT. monitoringis gareSe 

SeuZlebelia swavlebisa da swavlis praqtikaSi arsebuli xarvezebis 

identificireba da moswavleTa miRwevebis gaumjobesebis mizniT maTi 

koreqtireba. 

bilingvur skolebSi swavlisa da swavlebis monitoringi 

orientirebuli unda iyos rogorc moswavleebis swavlis Sedegebze 

sagansa da enaSi, aseve saklaso oTaxSi bilingvuri swavlebis 

praqtikaze. 

217


swavlis monitoringi gulisxmobs moswavleebis akademiuri 

progresis Sefasebas da miRebuli Sedegebis gaanalizebas sagansa da 

enaSi. am mimarTulebiT swavlis, anu moswavleebis miRwevebis 

monitorings ZiriTadad axorcielebs maswavlebeli sami saxis 

Sefasebis xSiri gamoyenebiT, rogorebicaa: 

sadiagnostiko Sefaseba - swavlis dawyebamde: ra ician 

moswavleebma saganSi da ra - enaSi? 

ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba - swavlis dros: ras swavloben 

moswavleebi saganSi da ras - enaSi? 

ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba - swavlis Semdeg: ra iswavles 

moswavleebma saganSi da ra - enaSi? 

sadiagnostiko, ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba 

sadiagnostiko 

ra mizani aqvs? moswavlis 

sawyisi 

codnisa da 

unar-Cvevebis 

dadgena sagansa 

da enaSi; 

moswavlis 

interesebisa 

da swavlis 

stilis 

dadgena. 

ra fasdeba? sawyisi 

mdgomareoba 

sagansa da 

enaSi. 

Sefasebis Sedegad 

ra tipis 

saswavlo procesis 

dagegmva 

218 

ganmaviTarebeli 

moswavlis 

enobrivi 

kompetenciisa da 

sagnobrivi 

codnisa da 

unarebis 

ganviTarebis 

xelSewyoba. 

swavlis 

procesi. 

koreqtivebis 

Setana saswavlo 

ganmsazRvreli 

moswavlis 

miRwevebis 

donis dadgena 


enaSi. 

swavlis 

Sedegebi 


enaSi. 

moswrebis 

donis

gadawyvetilebas 

viRebT? 

rogor 

ganisazRvreba 

warmateba? 

Sefasebis 

romeli 

instrumentebi 

gamoiyeneba? 

Sefasebis 

forma 


– ra da rogor 

unda vaswavloT 

imisTvis, 

rom SevZloT 

arsebulidan 

sasurvel 

mdgomareobaSi 

gadasvla 

sagnisa da enis 

standartiT 

gansazRvruli 

SedegebTan 

Sesabamisobis 

safuZvelze. 

testi; 

SekiTxvebi; 

zepiri 

gasaubreba, ese 

da sxva. 

niSani an/da 

komentari 

219 

procesSi (meTodebi,strategiebi, 

saswavlo masalebi 

da a.S.) 

konkretuli 

moswavlis 

winsvlis 

safuZvelze 

(sakuTar 

miRwevebTan 

mimarTebiT – ra 

dones flobda 

da ra dones 

flobs sagansa 

da enaSi). 

dakvirveba, 

kiTxvebi, 

grafikuli 

organizatorebi, 

individualuri 

gasaubreba, 

TviTSefasebis 

kiTxvari, 

saSinao 

davaleba da 

sxva. 

zepiri an 

werilobiTi 

komentari 

gansazRvra 

sagansada 

enaSi; 

swavlebis 

momdevno 

etapis 

dagegmva. 

sagnisa da enis 

standartiT 

gansazRvruli 

Sedegebis 

miRwevis 

safuZvelze. 

Semajamebeli 

zepiri an werilobiTigamokiTxva, 

portfolio da 

sxva. 

niSani an 

qulebi 

yvelaze rTuli problema, romelic SeiZleba Seiqmnas biling- 

vuri saswavlo procesis Sefasebisas, es aris is, Tu rogor Sevafa- 

soT adekvaturad moswavleTa codna saganSi da misi progresi enaSi?


testebi, gamartivebuli formulirebebiTa da mokle arCeviTi 

pasuxebiT, miT umetes, pasuxebiT – “diax” da “ara”, ar iZleva srul 

informacias. aucilebelia Sefasebis Sefasebis alternatiuli siste- 

mis gamoyenebac. alternatiuli Sefasebis qveS igulisxmeba saswavlo 

procesSi ganxorcielebuli qmedebebis Sefasebis kriteriumebis sis- 

tema. erT-erTi aseTi meqanizmia moswavlis portfolio, proeqtebi, 

romlebzedac zemoT gvqonda saubari, referati, romelic gulisxmobs 

aRweras, dakvirvebas, kvlevas, Canawerebis gakeTebas. Tumca referate- 

bis Sefasebisasac iCens Tavs sirTuleebi: ra moqmedebs referatis xa- 

risxze: arasakmarisi enobrivi kompetencia Tu sakiTxis siRrmiseuli 

codnis nakleboba? zogjer saintereso ideis xorcSesxmas, saintereso 

Tvalsazrisis gaSlas xels uSlis ara imdenad saganSi codnis nak- 

leboba, ramdenadac erTgvari SiSi, kompleqsi gramatikuli Secdome- 

bis daSvebisa enaSi. es erTgvarad borkavs moswavlis `SemoqmedebiT 

potencials~. am problemis gadaWris erT-erTi gza aris is, rom mos- 

wavlem pirveli variantis Seqmnisas ifiqros mxolod saganze. SeiZle- 

ba referatis bilingvurad dawerac ki. naSroms, upirveles yovlisa, 

afasebs sagnis maswavlebeli mxolod sagnobrivi kuTxiT, Semdeg kiT- 

xulobs enis maswavlebeli da moswavlesTan erTad xvews nawers eno- 

brivad. 

Sefasebisas efeqtiania maswavleblis Canawerebis gamoyenebac. 

TiToeul gkveTilze maswavlebels JurnalSi / rveulSi TiToeuli 

moswavlisaTvis daTmobili adgili gayofili aqvs or svetad, erTSi 

is wers im kompetenciebs, romelTa Semowmebac surs saganSi, meoreSi 

ki – enobrivs. TiToeuli sveti dayofilia imden ujrad, ramdeni un- 

aris Semowmebac unda maswavlebels. magaliTad, gamosaxulebis Cawe- 

ra, movlenis analizi. . . enobrivSi – terminebis gageba da adekvaturi 

gamoyeneba, movlenis axsna meore enaze. . .… 

adre moswavleebis miRwevebis monitoringi gulisxmobda maswav- 

leblis mier moswavlis swavlis procesisa Tu Sedegebis Sefasebas 

da swavlebis praqtikaSi Sesabamisi koreqtivebis Setanas. Tumca aR- 

220


niSnul procesSi udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba moswavlis TviTSefa- 

sebas. bilingvur skolebSi maswavleblebTan erTad monitoringis 

procesSi aqtiurad unda monawileoben moswavleebi, romlebic akvir- 

debian sakuTari swavlis process rogorc saganSi, ise enaSi, aanali- 

zeben da iReben Sesabamis zomebs. TviTSefaseba SeiZleba moxdes ro- 

gorc aTbaliani sistemiT, ise aRweriTi formiTac. maswavleblebs 

SeuZliaT mniSvnelovnad daexmaron moswavleebs TviTSefasebis gan- 

xorcielebaSi sxvadasxva kiTxvisa da davalebis saSualebiT. magali- 

Tad: 

Tqveni namuSevris romeli nawili iyo yvelaze metad efeqturi? 

ratom fiqrobT ase? rodis grZnobdiT Tavs yvelaze ufro kom- 

fortulad enas gamoyenebisas? 

rodis dabrkoldiT enis gamoyenebis procesSi? ra leqsikuri 

erTeulebisa da enobrivi konstruqciebis nakleboba igrZeniT? 

Tavidan rom swavlobdeT aRniSnul sakiTxs, ras gaakeTebdiT 

gansxvavebulad? 

ra dagexmarebaT ukeTesi Sedegebis miRwevaSi? 

TviTSefaseba rom sando da obieqturi iyos, masTan erTad 

mniSvnelovania moswavleTa urTierTSefasebis gamoyenebac. Sefasebis 

alternatiul formebSi moiazreba prezentaciebi, ese, interviu. 

mniSvnelovania imis gansazRvra, romel unars vafasebT. es 

SeiZleba iyos: 

1. problemis gadaWra. am unaris farglebSi moswavlem unda 

SeZlos Seswavlili masalis grafikulad warmodgena 

(diagramebi, sqemebi, cxrilebi da a.S.), obieqtebis 

klasificireba, cdebisa da eqsperimentis Sedegebis axsna 

TanaklaselebisaTvis, problemis gadaWris alternatiuli 

gzebis SeTavazeba. 

2. SinaarsSi orientireba da misi adekvaturi aRqma. moswavlem 

unda gamoavlinos, rom mas esmis davalebis Sinaarsi 

(magaliTad, gaamartive algebruli gamosaxuleba, Seadgine 

221


qimiuri reaqciis toloba, monaxe rukaze...). es ufro 

damokidebulia moswavlis saerTo ganviTarebis doneze, radgan 

mwiri enobrivi kompetenciis moswavleebsac ki SeuZliaT 

sakuTari SesaZleblobebis gamovlena saganSi, Tu adekvaturad 

aRiqvamen sagnobrivi masalis Sinaarss. Mmoswavles SeuZlia 

warmatebiT gamoiyenos pirobiTi aRniSvnebi, laTinuri 

warmoSobis (Ziris) sityvebi, saerTaSoriso terminologia. 

moswavleebs unda SeeZloT kompiuteruli leqsikonebiT 

sargebloba. es xels Seuwyobs enis dauflebis processac. 

3. koncefciis gageba da gaazreba. moswavlem unda daamtkicos, 

rom marto davalebis Sinaarsi ki ar gaigo, SeuZlia sakuTari 

codnis gamoyenebac. magaliTad, advilad arCevs erTmaneTisgan 

perimetris cnebasa da farTobis cnebas, SeuZlia grafikulad 

gamosaxuli informaciis axsna, SeuZlia Seadginos qarTvel 

mefeTa genealogiuri xe da a.S. 

4. akademiuri miznebisaTvis enis gamoyenebis xarisxi. marTebulad 

iyeneben Tu ara moswavle akademiur terminologias, SeuZlia 

Tu ara koreqtulad gamoiyenos is, axerxebs Tu ara 

gansxvavebis danaxvas logikuri operaciebisaTvis saWiro 

sityvebs Soris (magaliTad, „zogjer“, „iSviaTad“, „xSirad“ 

„regularulad“ da a.S.) 

5. komunikaciuri unarebi. moswavlem unda SeZlos sakuTari 

saqmianobis etapebis axsna da am saqmianobis Sesaxeb sxvebis 

informireba, ideebis gaziareba, sakuTari Tvalsazrisis 

gamoxatva. 

6. TanamSromloba. Mmoswavles unda SeeZlos saerTo saqmeSi 

sakuTari wvlilis Setana, daxmarebis gaweva sxvebisaTvis, 

gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu jgufSi problema Seiqmna enis 

gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT an, piriqiT, mimarTavs Tu ara 

TviTon megobrebs daxmarebisaTvis enis gamoyenebasTan 

dakavSirebiT. 

222


7. damokidebuleba. maswavlebelma unda Seafasos moswavlis 

damokidebuleba sagnisa da enis mimarT. xalisiT ukavSirebs Tu 

ara codnas cxovrebiseul sakiTxebs, uxaria Tu ara raimes 

aRmoCena saganSi, “iZulebiT” da amitom uxalisod saubrobs Tu 

ara meore enaze. 

bilingvur skolebSi moswavleebis swavlis procesisa da 

swavlis Sedegebis paralelurad monitoringi unda gaewios uSualod 

swavlebis process. swavlebis monitoringisTvisac saWiroa 

informaciis Segroveba da analizi im procesebisa da praqtikis 

Sesaxeb, romlebic saklaso oTaxebSi mimdinareobs. am mimarTulebiT 

monitoringi fokusirebuli unda iyos ramdenime ZiriTadi sakiTxis 

garSemo: 

ra saswavlo miznebi (codnis SeZena da unar-Cvevebis 

ganviTareba sagansa da enaSi) aqvT maswavleblebs 

dasaxuli moswavleebisTvis? 

rogor uzrunvelyofen maswavleblebi moswavleebis mier 

aRniSnuli miznebis miRwevas? 

ra doziT aris gamoyenebuli ena gakveTilze? 

aris TuU ara klasSi emociurad da inteleqtualurad 

usafrTxo garemo? 

xdeba Tu ara interkulturuli elementebis adekvaturi 

gamoyeneba? 

bilingvuri swavlebis monitoringze upirvelesi pasuxismgebeli 

piri aris skolis direqtori. misi uSualo monawileobiTa da 

xelmZRvanelobiT skolis administracia unda darwmundes, rom 

skolaSi swavleba mimdinareobs skolis mier SemuSavebuli miznebis 

Sesabamisad da Tanamedrove meTodebisa da saswavlo masalebis 

gamoyenebiT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi izolirebuli saklaso oTaxebSi 

223


maswavleblebi akeTeben imas, rac SeuZliaT da/an rac surT, rac 

yovelTvis ar niSnavs xarisxian swavlebas. 

monitoringis saSualebebs Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili 

uWiravs gakveTilze formalur an araformalur daswrebas. swored 

gakveTilebze xSiri daswrebiTa da maswavleblebisTvis 

rekomendaciebis micemiT SeuZlia skolis direqtorsa da 

administraciis sxva warmomadgenlebs yvelaze didi gavlena 

moaxdinon moswavleebis Sedegebze. 

gakveTilze daswreba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iyos 

swavlebis monitoringis Sedegiani instrumenti, Tu skolis 

direqtorma an Sesabamisma uflebamosilma pirma zustad icis, ras 

akvirdeba, ris Sesaxeb agrovebs informacias da ras afasebs. 

variants: 

gTavazobT bilingvuri gakveTilze dakvirvebis sqemis erT-erT 

# saqmianobebis aRwera xSirad iSviaTad arasodes 

1. Mmkafiodaa Camoyalibebuli gak- 

veTilis mizani saganSi da eno- 

brivi miznebi. 

2. iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa wi- 

3. 

nare codnas rogorc saganSi, 

ise enaSi. 

moswavleebs aZlevs mkafio da 

advilad aRsaqmel instruqciebs. 

4. svams rogorc faqtologiur, 

ise maRali donis saazrovno 

SekiTxvebs. 

5. maRali donis saazrovno 

SekiTxvebis dasmisas adevnebs 

Tvals, xom ar Seeqmna 

moswavles enobrivi problemebi. 

224


amisaTvis azustebs SekiTxvas, 

exmareba meore enaze pasuxis 

formulirebaSi. 

6. iyenebs informaciis organize- 

bis saSualebebs, masalis vizu- 

alizacias. 

7. amyarebs kavSirs sxva sagnebTan. 

8. iyenebs aqtiur meTodebs. 

9. iyenebs TanamSromlobis 

formebs (muSaoba wyvilebSi, 

jgufebSi) da yuradRebiT 

adevnebs Tvals moswavleebis 

muSaobas imis dasadgenad, 

ramdenad iyeneben urTierTobaSi 

meore enas da akeTebs 

Canawerebs. 

10. afasebs moswavleebs winaswar 

SemuSavebuli kriteriumebis 

safuZvelze (Sefasebis sqemebis, 

rubrikebis gamoyenebiT) da 

aZlevs ganmaviTarebel 

komentars. 

225


terminTa ganmarteba 

auTenturi – anu TviTmyofi; namdvili, sarwmuno, pirvelwyaroze 

damyarebuli, dednis Sesabamisi. 

bilingvizmi sxvadasxva saxisa SeiZleba iyos: gawonasworebuli _ 

roca orive ena Tanabrad ukavSirdeba azrovnebas da adamiani 

gonebaSi xan erT enaze metyvelebs da xan _ meoreze; an 

dominirebuli _ roca meore ena azrovnebas mxolod maSin 

ukavSirdeba, roca adamiani am enaze urTierTobis viTarebaSi 

moxvdeba, marto yofnisas ki, rogorc wesi, mxolod mSobliur 

enaze metyvelebs gonebaSi. 

gazomvis standartuli Secdoma – maCveneblebi, romlebsac moswavle 

iRebs testSi, yovelTvis moicavs garkveul Secdomas. rac 

ufro sandoa testi, miT ufro naklebad aris mosalodneli 

Secdoma. standartizebul testebze muSaobisas misi Semdgen- 

lebi amas iTvaliswineben da cdiloben Seafason, Tu ramdenad 

gansxvavebuli SeiZleba iyos moswavlis monacemi, Tu igi gan- 

meorebiT Seasrulebda tests. amas gazomvis standartuli 

Secdoma ewodeba. amdenad, sando testi SeiZleba asec gani- 

sazRvros, rom esaa testi, romelsac gazomvis mcire standar- 

tuli Secdoma aqvs. 

ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba emsaxureba moswavleTa swavlis procesisa 

da warmatebebis gaumjobesebas. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis 

dros moswavle, maswavleblis gamoxmaurebisa da komentarebis 

daxmarebiT, mudmivad iRebs iseT informacias, romelic 

sakuTari swavlis gaTviTcnobierebaSi exmareba. maswavleblis 

226


mizania: aswavlos moswavles, rogor iswavlos (swavlis 

swavla) da, amave dros, miiRos informacia moswavlis 

saswavlo saWiroebebis Sesaxeb, raTa daexmaros mas swori 

gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba emsaxureba 

swavlebis daregulirebas – dagrovebul informaciaze 

dayrdnobiT TiToeuli moswavlisaTvis saTanado daxmarebis 

aRmoCenasa da pedagogiuri praqtikis gaumjobesebas. 

ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas `swavlisaTvis Sefasebasac~ 

uwodeben. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli 

formebia werilobiTi komentarebi, Sefaseba cxrilebis 

(rubrikebis) saSualebiT da sxv. 

deskriptorebi – ènaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebis~ mier 

gansazRvruli doneTa skalebSi oTxive sametyvelo funqciis 

(laparaki, mosmena, kiTxva, wera) mixedviT aris gawerili 

deskriptorebi _ indikatorebi, romelTa Sesrulebis 

SemTxvevaSic miiCneva, rom standartiT gansazRvruli Sedegi 

miiRweva. 

diagnostikuri Sefaseba – diagnostikuri Sefaseba ganmaviTarebeli 

(mimdinare) Sefasebis komponentad ganixileba. diagnostikuri 

Sefasebis dros xdeba moswavlis garkveuli momentisaTvis 

arsebuli codnis donis da unar-Cvevebis Sefaseba, raTa 

zustad daigegmos swavlis procesi moswavlis susti da 

Zlieri mxareebis gaTvaliswinebiT. diagnostikuri Sefasebis 

mizania moswavlis momzadebis sawyisi donis dadgena. 

moswavlis Sedegebs vadarebT ara dadgenil standarts, aramed 

sawyis dones. diagnostikuri Sefasebis saSualebiT Cven 

vigebT, ra viTarebaa klasSi, arian Tu ara moswavleebi mzad 

axali saprogramo masalis aTvisebisaTvis, ra sirTuleebi 

SeiZleba Segveqmnas da rogor davZlioT isini. miRebuli 

227


informacia gamoiyeneba calkeuli moswavlis an moswavleTa 

jgufis saswavlo saWiroebebis dasadgenad da igi gvexmareba 

saswavlo miznebis sworad gansazRvraSi, am miznebis miRwevis 

optimaluri gzebis monaxvaSi. diagnostikuri Sefaseba, 

rogorc wesi, tardeba saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi an axali 

Temis swavlebamde. 

diskursi warmoadgens raRac konkretuli praqtikis sagnis garSemo 

codnis konstruirebas an am saganze msjelobis gzebs: 

kompleqsi (erToblioba) ideebisa, gamosaxulebebisa da 

praqtikisa, rac dakavSirebulia garkveul TemasTan, socialur 

aqtivobasTan an instituticiasTan sazogadoebaSi. es 

diskursuli Camoyalibebuli erToblioba gansazRvravs, Tu ra 

aris da ra ar aris misaRebi ama Tu im konkretuli sagnisa Tu 

socialuri aqtivobis Sesaxeb msjelobisas, ra codna aris 

aucilebeli da aqtualuri im mocemul konteqstSi da ra 

tipis individebi atareben am maxasiaTeblebs. 

Tanamedrove humanitarul mecnierebebSi diskursis 

gansxvavebuli ganmertebebi gvxvdeba. magaliTad, lingvistikur 

da semiotikur terminTa inglisur-rusul leqsikonSi 

diskursi gansazRvrulia, rogorc Tematurad, kulturulad an 

kidev rame niSniT urTierTdakavSirebuli teqstebis 

erToblioba, romlis ganviTareba da Sevseba SesaZlebelia 

damatebiTi teqstebiT. meore ganmartebiT, romelic 

sociologiasa da socialur semiotikaSia miRebuli, diskursi 

aris urTierToba, romelic ganixileba rogorc garkveuli 

diskursuli „praqtikebis~ ganxorcieleba (m. fuko). mesame 

definicia aseve gamoiyeneba sociologiaSi, magram gamoiyeneba 

agreTve logikasa da filosofiaSic: igi gansazRvrulia 

rogorc sametyvelo komunikaciis saxeoba, romelic 

gulisxmobs socialuri cxovrebis RirebulebaTa, normaTa da 

228


wesTa racionalur kritikul ganxilvas da romlis 

erTaderTi motivia urTierTgagebis miRweva (i. habermasi). 

evropuli enobrivi portfolio _ aRiarebuli dokumenti, romelic 

farTod gamoiyeneba da romelSic fiqsirdeba enaTa 

Seswavlisas miRebuli miRwevebis done. 

enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, sadac 

warmodgenilia enaTa dauflebis doneebis, swavlebisa da 

Seswavlis procesebisa da saSualebebisadmi zogadi midgoma. 

enobrivi biografia _ dokumenti, romelic mxars uWers winare 

swavlisa da TviTSefasebis asaxvas. 

enobrivi pasporti _ dokumenti, romelSic momxmareblebi iweren 

informacias donis Sesaxeb yvela im enaSi, romelic maT ician 

an swavloben. 

enobrivi repertuari _ enobrivi saxesxvaobebis jgufi (pirveli ena, 

regionuli ena, skolaSi Seswavlili enebi...), erTi 

molaparakis mier dauflebuli codnis sxvadasxva doneze da 

sxvadasxva gamoyenebisTvis. es individualuri repertuari 

cvlis individis cxovrebas (axali enebis daufleba, 

Seswavlili `daviwyebadi~' enebi). 

validoba – es aris sakvlevi instrumentis - testis Sesatyvisoba 

sakvlev unarTan / codnasTan. testi validuria, Tu is zustad 

imas afasebs, risTvisac is aris gansazRvruli. 

TviTmyofi – ix. auTenturi. 

229


TviTSefaseba aris procesi, romlis saSulebiTac moswavle erTveba 

sakuTari swavlis miznebis Camoyalibebasa da sakuTari 

swavlis procesis marTvaSi. imisaTvis, rom moswavle SeeCvios 

sakuTari pasuxis Semowmebas, Camouyalibdes Secdomis mimarT 

swori damokidebuleba, daZlios SiSi Secdomis winaSe, xSirad 

unda mivceT sakuTari namuSevris Sefasebis saSualeba. 

TviTSefaseba mas exmareba imis gacnobierebaSi, rom 

Secdomebis aRiareba da gamosworeba winsvlis aucilebeli 

pirobaa. TviTSefasebiT igi grZnobs met valdebulebas da 

cdilobs iyos maqsimalurad obieqturi. TviTSefasebis mudmivi 

warmoeba moswavleebs uyalibebs Secdomis mimarT swor 

damokidebulebas. moswavle xvdeba, rom mxolod Secdomis 

gamosworebiT aris SesaZlebeli misi TviTganviTareba. 

kriterialuri validoba _ validobis nairsaxeoba, romelic fasdeba 

imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba testis Sedegebi mos- 

wavlis Sesafasebeli unaris sazom sxva damoukidebeli ins- 

trumentis Sedegebs. 

kriteriumze orientirebuli Sefaseba - iseTi Sefaseba, rodesac 

moswavlis moswrebas adareben winaswar dadgenil 

kriteriumebs; kriteriumze orientirebuli Sefaseba adgens, 

miaRwia Tu ara moswavlem kriteriumebiT gansazRvrul dones 

an ramdenma moswavlem miaRwia amas klasSi. 

mediana – mediana aris zrdadobis an klebadobis mixedviT dalagebul 

monacemTa ganawilebis Sualeduri ricxvi. 

mimdinare, anu formatuli Sefaseba xdeba yovel gakveTilze, 

yoveldRe, yoveli aqtivobis dros. ar aris savaldebulo 

qulebiT Sefaseba. mniSvnelovania is, rom aseTi Sefaseba 

230


gvaZlevs moswavlis mravalmxrivi Seswavlis saSualebas, aqvs 

Tu ara winsvla, Tu ara _ ra aris warumateblobis mizezi an 

ra ganapirobebs mis warmatebas, aqvs Tu ara ganviTarebuli 

SemoqmedebiTi, saazrovno da socialuri unarebi, rogoria 

misi interesebis sfero, individualuri Taviseburebebi, ra 

Zlieri da susti mxareebi aqvs. mimdinare Sefasebis procesSi 

mniSvnelovania ara imdenad qulebis dawera (niSniT Sefaseba), 

ramdenadac Cveni rCevebi, ra da rogor gaaumjobesos. 

formatuli Sefaseba moswavlis Sesaxeb amomwurav, 

mravalmxriv informacias iZleva da obieqturobis garantia. 

moda _ moda aris is maCvenebeli, romelic yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba. 

monitoringi aris specifikuri indikatorebis (maCveneblebis) mixedviT 

monacemebis Segrovebis da gaanalizebis sistemuri procesi, 

romelic miznad isaxavs mocemuli situaciis / viTarebis 

Seswavlis da miRebul Sedegebze dayrdnobiT Sesabamisi 

Carevebis ganxorcielebas. ganaTlebis sferoSi monitoringi 

aris saswavlo procesze meTvalyureoba, dakvirveba, romlis 

Sedegadac miRebuli monacemebi (procesis zusti aRricxva) 

safuZvlad edeba analizsa da Sefasebas. mniSvnelovania, rom 

monitoringis mimdinareobisas Tavi avaridoT SefasebiT 

damokidebulebebs. mTavaria, zustad vicodeT, ras vakvirdebiT 

da rogor, ra formiT aRvnusxoT monitoringis sagnis 

TiToeuli aspeqti ise, rom masze dafuZnebuli Sefaseba 

obieqturi iyos. 

mravalenovneba _ sazogadoebis an misi sakmao nawilis mier ramdenime 

enis floba (floba _ da ara mxolod pasiuri codna). rogorc 

wesi, esaa ori ena da, Sesabamisad, mravalenovnebis mTavari 

saxea orenovneba (bilingvizmi). 

231


multilingvizmi – ix. mravalenovneba. 

normaze orientirebuli Sefaseba – iseTi Sefaseba, rodesac xdeba 

calkeuli moswavleebis moswrebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba, an 

moswavlis moswrebisa _ dadgenil normasTan (norma 

ganisazRvreba romelime jgufis moswrebiT). 

orenovneba _ ix. bilingvizmi. 

percefcia – obieqturi samyaros, sinamdvilis asaxva grZnobis 

organoebis saSualebiT; aRqma. 

pirovnebaze orientirebuli Sefaseba _ iseTi Sefaseba, rodesac 

moswavlis moswrebas adareben mis warsul moswrebas. 

portfolio – ix. saqaRalde. 

prediqtoruli validoba _ kriterialuri validobis erT-erTi saxeo- 

baa, romelic fasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad SesaZlebe- 

lia testis Sedegebis mixedviT vivaraudoT (viwinaswarmetyve- 

loT) moswavlis momavali warmatebebi. mag., Tu enis flobis 

testSi miRebuli maRali qula maRal korelaciaSia momavalSi 

umaRles saswavlebelSi qarTuli enis testSi miRebul qu- 

lasTan, maSin SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom enis flobis Sesafa- 

sebel tests maRali prediqtoruli validoba aqvs. 

referenti _ kavSirSi myofi, Setyobinebis gamgzavni. 

rubrikebi aris konkretuli informacia Cveni moTxovnebisa da 

Sefasebis kriteriumebis Sesaxeb; moswavleTa Cabma Sefasebis 

procesSi gaadvildeba, Tu isini kargad gaacnobiereben, ras 

232


iTxoven, ra Sedegebs elian maTgan. amis gacnobierebaSi maT 

daexmareba martivad, maTTvis gasagebi eniT Camoyalibebuli 

kriteriumebi, anu e.w. rubrikebi. 

sandooba _ es aris testis maxasiaTebeli, romelic gviCvenebs, Tu 

ramdenad aris damokidebuli testiT miRebuli qulebi gazom- 

vis cTomilebebze, ganasxvavebsTuara testuri kiTxva 

Zlierdasustmoswavleebs. 

saqaRalde anu e.w. “portfolio" Sefasebis xangrZlivi da 

Sromatevadi formaa. maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs 

Sefasebis mizans. maswavlebeli da moswavle winaswar 

Tanxmdebian im masalebze, romlebic daadastureben, rom 

moswavlem daakmayofila moTxovnebi da miaRwia saswavlo 

Sedegs. moswavle xsnis sakuTar saqaRaldes, romelSic ideba 

samuSaos Sefasebisas gamosayenebeli namuSevrebi. Sefasebis 

periodis dasrulebisaTvis moswavle wers eses, romelSic 

aRwers, Tu ra iswavla Sefasebis procesSi da ratom SearCia 

saqaRaldisaTvis maincdamainc warmodgenili masala. 

saqaRaldiT moswavlis Sefaseba saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvali 

gavadevnoT moswavlis individualuri progress, SevadaroT 

sxvadasxva dros Seqmnili namuSevrebi erTmaneTs, vnaxoT, 

rogor gaiTvaliswina man Cveni komentarebi da rCevebi, 

romlebsac drodadro vaZlevdiT. 

standartuli gadaxra _ standartuli gadaxra gviCvenebs, ramdenad 

gansxvavdeba maCveneblebi saSualosgan. rac ufro didia 

standartuli gadaxra, miT ufro vrclad aris ganawilebuli 

maCveneblebi. da piriqiT _ rac ufro mcirea standartuli 

gadaxra, miT ufro axlosaa saSualosTan monacemebi 

ganlagebuli. 

233


testis specifikacia _ testis Seqmna misi detaluri gegmis Camoyali- 

bebiT iwyeba. aseT gegmas testis specifikacias uwodeben. igi 

testirebis miznebze dayrdnobiT yalibdeba da moicavs deta- 

lur informacias testis miznis, Sinaarsisa da administrire- 

bis Sesaxeb. testis specifikacias sxvadasxva saxe SeiZleba 

hqondes, magram yvela maTgani unda moicavdes testis mizans, 

Sinaarss, formats (Sesafasebeli unarebis/codnis, gamoyenebu- 

li testuri davalebebis da testSi maTi wonis matricas), 

agreTve informacias monawileebis, Sefasebis sistemisa da ad- 

ministrirebis Sesaxeb. 

transferi erTgvar situaciaSi naswavlis sxvagvar, gansxvavebul 

situaciaSi gamoyenebas niSnavs. 

Semajamebeli Sefaseba adgens moswavlis warmatebas swavlebisa da 

swavlis konkretul etapze: Temis dasrulebisas, semestris 

bolos, saswavlo wlis bolos. aseTi Sefasebisas mowmdeba is, 

Tu ramdenad miaRwia calkeulma moswavlem da moswavleTa 

jgufma standartiT gaTvaliswinebul Sedegs / Sedegebs. 

heterogenuli _ SemadgenlobiT, warmoSobiT, TvisebebiT 

sxvadasxvagvari (sapirisp. homogenuri). 

homogenuri _ SemadgenlobiT, warmoSobiT, TvisebebiT erTgvari 

(sapirisp. heterogenuri). 

234


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