saxelmZRvanelo gamoicema euTos erovnul umciresobaTa ...

saxelmZRvanelo gamoicema euTos erovnul umciresobaTa umaRlesi 

komisris ofisis mxardaWeriT proeqtis `multilingvuri ganaTlebis 

reformis mxardaWera saqarTveloSi~ farglebSi. 

saxelmZRvaneloSi wamodgenili mosazrebebi ekuTvnis `samoqalaqo 

integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis centrs~ da SesaZloa 

ar emTxveodes euTos euuk-is Tvalsazriss. 

The textbook is published in the framework of the project `Supporting Multilingual 

Educational Reform in Georgia`. The project is funded by the office of 

OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. The contents of this publication 

are the sole responsibility of Center for Civil Integration and inter-Ethnic Relations 

(CCIIR) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the OSCE High 

Commissioner on National Minorities. 

redaqtori: 

Salva tabataZe 

2

ISBN 978-9941-0-3086-4 

Tamila CubiniZe 

maia inasariZe 

nino SaraSeniZe 

kaxa gabunia 

enisa da sagnis integrirebuli swavleba 

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis 

sabazo da saSualo safexurebze 

UDC(uak)37.016+37.016:81-02831 e-688 

Tbilisi 

2010 weli 

3

Sinaarsi 

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

Tavi I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 

1. enis swavlebis roli da mniSvneloba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 

2. mSobelTa CarTuloba bilingvuri swavlebis procesSi . . . . . . . 14 

3. ra midgomebi arsebobs enis swavlebaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

4. meore enis swavleba sagnobriv Sinaarsze dafuZnebiT . . . . . . . . 20 

5. moswavleTaTvis enis aTvisebis procesSi 

gamosayenebeli ZiriTadi principebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. enis aTvisebis xelSemwyobi da xelis SemSleli aqtorebi . . . . . 29 

7. pedagogTa TanamSromloba bilingvuri swavlebis procesSi . . . . 31 

8. mSobliuri enis roli bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesSi . . . . . . 34 

Tavi 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 

1. teqstebze muSaoba bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesSi . . . . . . . . . 39 

2. grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 

3. Secdomebze muSaoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 

4. bilingvuri gakveTilis Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 

Tavi 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 

1. bilingvuri gakveTilis dagegmva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 

2. bilingvuri gakveTilis dagegmvis etapebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 

Tavi 4 qarTuli enisa da geografiis integrirebuli swavlebis 

sanimuSo gakveTilebi da Tematika. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

danarTi (rekomendebuli funqciuri frazebi 

sagnis maswavleblebisTvis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4 

27 

81 

156

Sesavali 

winamdebare wigni bilingvuri ganaTlebis maswav- 

leblebisTvisaa gankuTvnili. misi mizania meToduri daxmareba 

gauwios sabazo da saSualo skolis pedagogebs bilingvur 

klasebSi saswavlo masalis Tematur dagegmvaSi, gakveTilebis 

dagegmvasa da SefasebaSi. 

gzamkvlevis am nawilSi mimoxilulia is sakiTxebi, romlebic 

maswavlebelma saswavlo masalis dagegmvisa da swavlebis procesSi 

unda gaiTvaliswinos. es aris moswavlis swavlis stili da 

inteleqtis saxeebi, aseve motivaciis xelSemwyobi faqtorebi. aqve 

maswavleblebi gaecnobian Tematur dagegmvis komponentebsa da 

gakveTilis dagegmvis zogad principebs; aqve iqneba rekomendaciebi 

da axsna-ganmartebebi Sefasebis miznebze, tipebze, saxeebsa da 

meTodebze. 

saxelmZRvanelos meore nawilSi Cven maswavleblebs 

SevTavazebT bilingvuri gakveTilebis scenarebs. 

5 

* * * 

ganaTlebis sistemam aucileblad unda gaiTvaliswinos 

enobrivi politikis sakiTxebi. ganaTlebis procesi, romelic, 

codnis SeZenasTan erTad, moicavs socialuri da kulturuli 

faseulobebis dauflebas, xorcieldeba enis saSualebiT. 

enis matarebelTa transnacionaluri ganlagebis gamo, erTi da 

igive ena erT qveyanaSi SeiZleba warmoadgendes saxelmwifo enas, 

meoreSi ki _ erovnul umciresobaTa enas (magaliTad, somxuri da 

azerbaijanuli enebi, romlebic saqarTvelos teritoriaze

umciresobaTa enebia, somxeTsa da azerbaijanSi ki - saxelmwifo 

enebi). garda amisa, arsebobs adgilobriv eTnikur umciresobaTa 

garkveuli raodenoba, romlebic sakmaod mcirericxovanni arian da 

saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi cxovroben SezRudul teritoriaze 

(magaliTad, afxazebi, bacbebi). xsenebuli jgufebis warmomavloba 

da enebi gansxvavdeba umravlesobis eTnikuri warmomavlobisa da 

enisagan. 

udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba qveynis moqalaqeTa cxovrebaSi 

saxelmwifo enis flobas: urTierToba saxelmwifo instituciebTan, 

oficialuri dokumentebis Sedgena, diskusiebi da debatebi 

parlamentsa Tu sxva saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi - saxelmwifo 

enaze mimdinareobs; Sesabamisad, umciresobaTa piradi karieris 

ganviTarebisa Tu, sazogadod, qveynis cxovrebaSi CarTulobis 

uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli enis daufleba uaRresad 

saWiro da aucilebelia. Tumca, faqtia, rom dResdReobiT, kvlav 

problemaa umciresobebiT kompaqturad dasaxlebul regionebSi 

saxelmwifo enis swavla-swavlebis sakiTxi. 

saxelmwifo doneze seriozulad dgeba erovnul umciresobaTa 

warmomadgenelTa mozardebisTvis Tanamedrove ganaTlebis sistemis 

farglebSi saxelmwifo enis iseT doneze swavlebis sakiTxi, rom 

maT SeZlon Sromis bazarze arsebul konkurenciaSi mSobliuri 

enis matareblebTan Tanabar pirobebSi miiRon monawileoba. 

Tumca, saxelmwifo prioritetebi ar SeiZleba iyos wminda 

ekonomikuri. maT unda hqondeT socialuri mimarTuleba im mizniT, 

rom mosaxleobas gauadvildes adaptacia socialur-ekonomikuri 

reorganizaciis periodSi. is garemoeba, rom mosaxleobis did 

jgufebs ar SeuZliaT srulfasovani monawileobis miReba 

ekonomikur an socialur cxovrebaSi enobrivi problemebis gamo, 

adasturebs enobrivi kompetenciebis gavlenas saxelmwifos 

socialur erTianobaze. erTi mxriv, socialuri da politikuri 

6

xasiaTis problemebs SeuZliaT daayenon dRis wesrigSi saxelmwifo 

enis Seswavla im doneze, rom mosaxleobam ar igrZnos Tavi 

ganaTlebasa da profesiul karieraSi daCagrulad. meore mxriv, 

igive problemebi axdens regionul da erovnul umciresobaTa 

enebis Seswavlis stimulirebas. 

bevri mSobeli da Temi miiCnevs, rom Tu bavSvis ganaTlebis 

procesSi didi dro eTmoba meore da mesame enas, aman SeiZleba 

iqonios uaryofiTi gavlena bavSvis pirvel enaze da mis zogad 

ganviTarebaze. mSobliuri enis mniSvnelobis SegrZneba exmareba 

adamians imis gansazRvraSi, Tu ra adgili ukavia mas sazogadoebaSi. 

ena eTnikuri kuTvnilebis TvalsaCino niSania, amitomac is yvelaze 

advilad iqceva xolme ama Tu im eTnikuri jgufis simbolod da 

ZiriTad Taviseburebad konfliqtur situaciaSi. gamokvlevebi 

aCvenebs, rom konfliqturi situaciis warmoqmnis mizezi xdeba ara 

ena, aramed sul sxva problemebi. im dros, rodesac socialuri, da 

politikuri faqtorebi SeiZleba gaxdes konfliqtis mizezi, enebi 

warmoadgenen araTu problemas, aramed misi gadawyvetis 

saSualebasac. 

unda ganvasxvavoT erTmaneTisagan is programebi, romlebic 

Seqmnilia umciresobaTaTvis im qveynis saxelmwifo enis 

swavlebisTvis, sadac isini cxovroben da, meore mxriv, ucxo enebis 

swavlebis programebi. meore enis swavleba / Seswavlis saboloo 

mizania, umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebma aqtiuri monawileoba 

qveynis sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. 

multikulturul sazogadoebaSi yvela wevri unda iyos 

Tanasworuflebiani - yvelas (miuxedavad eTnikuri, religiuri Tu 

enobrivi sxvaobisa) unda mieces konkurentunarian, Tanaswor 

garemoSi arsebobis ufleba. 

7

* * * 

dResdReobiT saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi 

swavlebis erTaderT formad monolingvuri modeli rCeba: 

monolingvuria rogorc dominant (saxelmwifo) enaze mimdinare 

swavleba, aseve, eTnikur umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebis enebze 

mimdinare swavlebis forma: qarTul skolebSi swavlebis ena erTia 

(qarTuli); ucxo ena iswavleba, rogorc sagani; aseve, mxolod erT 

enaze mimdinareobs swavleba rusul, somxur, azerbaijanul, osur 

skolebSi - saxelmwifo ena iswavleba, rogorc sagani, iseve, 

rogorc sxva (ucxo) enebi. 

es iyo (da dRemde rCeba) sabWouri modeli. ra Tqma unda, 

saTanado pirobebis SeqmniT (garemo, ojaxSi salaparako ena, 

meTodikurad momzadebuli pedagogebi da sxva) SesaZlebelia 

moswavlem garkveul doneze aiTvisos esa Tu is ena, magram, 

samwuxarod, arc aseTi pirobebi gvaqvs (gansakuTrebiT, eTnikuri 

umciresobebiT kompaqturad dasaxlebul regionebSi) da amocanac 

(igulisxmeba konkurenciis gaweva erTian erovnul gamocdebSi - 

qarTul enaSi) araadekvaturia. maSin, rodesac ganaTlebis sistemis 

reforma mowodebulia, saerTod aRmofxvras repetitorobis 

instituti, am problemis arseboba Zalauneburad xels uwyobs 

(metic - erTaderT SesaZleblobad tovebs) socialuri 

TvalsazrisiT gaumarTlebel movlenas. 

Sesabamisad, unda vifiqroT institucionalur cvlilebebze - 

modelze, romelic principulad Secvlis midgomas saskolo 

sivrceSi enobrivi ganaTlebis TvalsazrisiT. 

8

9 

* * * 

saskolo mravalenovani ganaTleba nebismieri bavSvis 

momzadebis elementia multikulturul sazogadoebaSi, amasTan, 

bavSvis mSobliuri kulturuli garemo ki ar iTrguneba, aramed 

viTardeba da ukeT warmoCindeba meore enis garemosTan Sedarebis 

fonze. 

mravalenovani ganaTlebis (bilingvuri ganaTleba 

mravalenovani ganaTlebis konkretuli saxea) ZiriTadi gansxvaveba 

monolingvurisgan is aris, rom swavlebis ena mxolod saSualeba ki 

ar aris, aramed mizanic. aqedan gamomdinare, orive miznis 

(pirobiTad - sagnobrivi da enobrivi) misaRwevad saWiroa 

gamudmebuli balansireba sagnobriv Sinaarsze fokusirebul 

gakveTilsa da specifikuri enobrivi mimarTulebis gakveTils 

Soris. 

dasavleTis wamyvan qveynebSi miRebuli forma xdeba meore enis 

swavleba Sinaarsze dafuZnebiT (content-based second language teaching), 

anu sagnobrivi Sinaarsisa da enis integrirebuli swavleba _ 

swavlebis meTodika, romelic afarToebs enobriv kompetencias 

iseTi konkretuli sagnebis (sabunebismetyvelo, sazogadoebrivi, 

esTetikuri) Sinaarsze dayrdnobiT, romelic scildeba enis 

swavlebis Cveulebriv, tradiciul gakveTils. maswavlebeli, 

konkretuli sagnis swavlebasTan erTad, im enis codnis 

gaRrmavebaSic exmareba moswavles, romel enazec xorcieldeba 

sagnis swavleba. 

sagnobrivi Sinaarsisa da enis integrirebuli swavlebis 

mizani, erTi mxriv, saxelmwifo enis saTanado doneze aTviseba, 

meore mxriv ki - umciresobaTa enebis SenarCunebasa da 

ganviTarebaze zrunvaa. aseTi konceptualuri midgoma umciresobaTa 

warmomadgenlebs uxsnis enobrivi da masze, ase vTqvaT, `gadabmuli~

erovnuli TviTidentifikaciis dakargvis safrTxis SegrZnebas da 

motivacias umaRlebs Semswavlelebsa da maT mSoblebs, Seiswavlon 

saxelmwifo ena: maTTvis cxadi xdeba, rom saskolo bilingvuri 

ganaTleba mozardis momzadebis instrumentia misi karieruli 

winsvlisa da socialur-ekonomikur Tu politikur sferoebSi 

warmatebis misaRwevad, amasTan, bavSvis mSobliuri kulturuli 

garemo ki ar iTrguneba, aramed viTardeba da ukeT warmoCindeba 

meore enis garemosTan Sedarebis fonze. 

ganaTlebis tradiciuli sistema umciresobis warmomadgenel 

bavSvebs sTavazobs arCevans: an ganaTlebas mSobliur enaze, 

romelsac Tan axlavs saxelmwifo enis formaluri swavleba, rac 

bavSvebs ar aZlevs saxelmwifo enis srulyofilad Seswavlis 

SesaZleblobas, an ganaTlebas saxelmwifo enaze, rac iwvevs 

umciresobis mSobliuri enis codnis simwires. 

bilingvuri ganaTleba umciresobaTa warmomadgenel bavSvebs 

sTavazobs orive enis myari codnis SeZenis SesaZleblobas ise, rom 

maT es enebi yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi gamoiyenon. 

10

Tavi I 

1. enis swavlebis roli da mniSvneloba 

enis roli adamianis cxovrebaSi ganusazRvrelia: ena ganasxva- 

vebs mas cxovelisgan, qmnis adamianad. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom enam 

Seqmna adamiani. 

adamians sxva cocxal arsebaTagan ganasxvavebs, upirveles yov- 

lisa, is, rom mas SeuZlia gamoiyenos sxvaTa mier mopovebuli (war- 

sulSi dagrovebuli) codna. es ki enis gareSe warmoudgenelia. 

ena xalxis, eris arsebobis upirvelesi niSania. ena ar aris erTi 

adamianis, konkretuli piris kuTvnileba - igi sazogadoebrivi mov- 

lenaa. metic - ena erovnuli msoflxedvaa, samyaros Taviseburi aRq- 

ma-Secnoba. 

enas ori ZiriTadi funqcia (daniSnuleba) aqvs: upirveles yovli- 

sa, igi azrovnebis iaraRia (enis eqspresiuli funqcia); magram 

azrovneba warmoudgenelia sazogadoebasTan, xalxTan urTierTobis 

gareSe. ase rom, enis meore funqcia uSualod ukavSirdeba pirvels 

- igi imavdroulad urTierTobis saSualebaa (enis komunikaciuri 

funqcia). 

rogorc zemoT iTqva, yoveli ena samyaros Tavisebur xedvas 

gvTavazobs da sxvadasxvagvarad aSuqebs cnebebs. erTi da imave cne- 

bis or sxvadasxva enaze Seswavla mis sxvadasxva kuTxiT ganxilvas 

gulisxmobs. `ramdenic meti ena ici, miT meti kaci xaro~... gadmogv- 

cems Zveli qarTuli sibrZne. 

11

saxelmwifo enis dauflebis saSualebebis SeTavazebiT, sax- 

elmwifo Tavis moqalaqeebs codnasa da CarTulobas sTavazobs. 

amasTanave, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom SeTavazeba moxdes 

ara mxolod ritorikul doneze, aramed gegmazomieri RonisZiebebis 

saxiT. zogadsaganmanaTleblo etapze saxelmwifo enis codnis 

uzrunvelyofa erT-erTi pirveli da realisturi amocanaa; amasTa- 

nave, cxadia, rom mizanmimarTuli RonisZiebebi mxolod am etapiT 

ar unda Semoifarglos. saxelmwifo enis Seswavla yvela asakobrivi 

jgufisaTvis unda gaxdes SesaZlebeli, rac uwyveti ganaTlebis 

saerTaSoriso mimarTulebasac Tanxvdeba. Tumca dReisaTvis sax- 

elmwifo enis swavlebis gaZlierebisaTvis yvelaze bunebrivi 

sivrce, rasakvirvelia, skolaa. aq imTaviTve igulisxmeba, rom im 

skolebSic, sadac mTeli saswavlo procesi moswavleTa mSobliur, 

xolo rusulenovani skolebis SemTxvevaSi _ rusul enaze mimdina- 

reobs, qarTuli ena da literatura savaldebulo sagania. Sesabami- 

sad, gansakuTrebuli organizaciuli da finansuri Zalisxmevis ga- 

reSe problemis gadaWra swored am etapidan aris SesaZlebeli. 

Tumca faqtia, rom, iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda, moswavleebi 

skolas ver amTavrebdnen enis codniT aRWurvilebi. aq Tavis rols 

TamaSobda qarTuli enobrivi garemos ararseboba, yofiT situa- 

ciebSi enis gavrcelebis simwire. 

enis Seswavla metad xangrZlivi procesia da did dros moiT- 

xovs. yuradReba unda mivaqcioT erT mniSvnelovan detals: sazoga- 

dod, ganasxvaveben enobrivi kompetenciis or dones. erTi moicavs 

sabazo enobriv kompetencias interpersonaluri komunikaciisaTvis 

(siku _ sabazo interpersonaluri sakomunikacio unarebi _ es aris 

enis Sre, romelsac viyenebT yofiT situaciebSi da yoveldRiur 

urTierTobaSi. enis am Sres bavSvebi iTviseben ezoSi TamaSis, 

transportiT mgzavrobis, telefonze saubris, skolaSi 

moswavleebTan urTierTobis dros. socialuri urTierTobebi 

12

konteqstSia Casmuli da, rogorc wesi, damxmare saSualebebiTaa 

ganmtkicebuli _ Jesti, mimika da sxv. isini funqcionaluria da 

naklebad moiTxovs kognitur daZabulobas. ena naklebad aris 

datvirTuli specifikuri leqsikuri erTeulebiT); meore ki - 

kognitur-akademiuri rangis enobriv kompetencias (kalu _ 

kognitur-akademiuri enobrivi unarebi; kalu aris formaluri 

akademiuri swavlis ena. is moicavs mosmenas, laparaks, kiTxvas da 

weras sagnobrivi Sinaarsis garSemo). 

skola is adgilia, sadac enis orive Sre intensiurad 

moqmedebs. swavlisa da cxovrebis sxvadasxva viTarebaSi 

moswavleebs orive enobrivi kompetencia esaWiroebaT. enis 

efeqturad aTvisebisaTvis, sazogadod, pirvel etapze sabazo 

sakomunikacio unarebi unda ganviTardes, rac aratradiciuli 

instruqtaJiT ukeT miiRweva. 

enebis swavlebis arsebuli, dRes moqmedi saskolo-saswavlo 

kursiT SesaZlebelia mxolod pirveli donis (siku) kompetenciebis 

daufleba, meore donis (kalu) enobrivi kompetenciis 

dasaufleblad ki gacilebiT meti dro da Tvisebrivad sxva tipis 

saswavlo strategiis SemuSaveba da damkvidrebaa saWiro; iseTi 

strategiisa, romelic moswavles daexmareba am enaze saazrovno 

operaciebis Sesrulebas. 

swored aseT strategias warmoadgens bilingvuri swavleba. 

moswavles uwevs meore enaze konkretuli sagnis Seswavla, rac imas 

niSnavs, rom mas uwevs am enaze azrovneba. 

13

2. mSobelTa CarTuloba bilingvuri swavlebis procesSi 

skola da ojaxi erTmaneTze axdens pirdapir gavlenas da 

skolisa da ojaxis TanamSromloba qmnis maqsimalurad efeqtur 

saswavlo garemos. bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesSi viTardeba 

orenovneba da ormagi wigniereba, radgan skolisa da ojaxis 

interesi emTxveva erTmaneTs. 

mSoblebs SeuZliaT zegavlena moaxdinon saskolo 

urTierTobebze, raTa skolam upasuxos maT moTxovnebs. samwuxarod, 

umciresobis moswavleTa mSoblebi gacilebiT iSviaTad 

erTiandebian da ayeneben moTxovnebs, realurad ki bilingvizmisa da 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis mxardasaWerad maTi xma uaRresad 

mniSvnelovania... 

skola, ojaxi da Temi urTierTdamokidebuli organizmia da 

erTmaneTTan TanamSromlobiT funqcionirebs. mSoblebs mravali 

funqcia aqvT; isini arian moxaliseebi, ase vTqvaT, skolis 

àrasruli ganakveTis TanamSromlebi~, maswavleblebi saxlSi, 

zrdasruli moswavleebi da damxmareebi. ojaxebs SeuZliaT 

uzrunvelyon maswavleblebi `codnis fondiT~, rac gulisxmobs 

codnasa da informacias, kulturul gamocdilebas, romlis 

meSveobiTac es ojaxebi Tavs irCenen, winaurdebian da warmatebebs 

aRweven... ojaxis codna, romelic SeiZleba skolam gamoiyenos, 

moicavs informacias yvavilebis, xeebis, nargavebis, mcenareTa 

Teslebis, soflis meurneobis, wylis ganawilebisa da sanavigacio 

sistemebis, administrirebisa da marTvis, cxovelebze zrunvis da 

veterinariis, medicinis, manqanaTmSeneblobis, sasoflo 

meurneobebis, rewvis, xaliCebis warmoebis eleqtrifikaciis, 

xalxuri tradiciebis, simRerebisa da cekvis, saxalxo da bunebrivi 

saSualebebiT mkurnalobis, arqeologiis, farikaobis, maTematikisa 

14

da biologiis da agreTve uamravi enisa da damwerlobis Sesaxeb. 

mSoblebsa da maswavleblebs Soris SesaZlebelia imdenad mWidro 

urTierTobebi ganviTardes, rom maswavleblebi iqcnen mSobelTa 

socialuri qselis nawilad, rac kidev metad gazrdis mSobelTa 

CarTulobas da saswavlo procesis efeqturobas. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom Zalian xSirad maswavlebelTa da mSobelTa 

urTierToba problematuria, isini xSirad ar TanamSromloben, ver 

ugeben erTmaneTs da yalibdeba antagonizmi skolasa da ojaxs 

Soris. skolisa da ojaxis urTierTobebis gaanalizebiT xSirad 

SesaZlebeli xdeba umciresobaTa moswavleebis akademiuri 

CamorCenis mizezebis povna da axsna. 

mSoblebma aucileblad unda gaacnobieron, rom maT gaaCniaT 

uflebebi da valdebulebebi da agreTve Zalaufleba, rom gavlena 

moaxdinon sakuTari Svilis ganaTlebis procesze: yvelaze mTavaria 

mSoblis dadebiTi damokidebuleba im faqtis mimarT, rom misi 

Svili swavlobs or an sam enaze. miuxedavad imisa, rom mSoblebma 

SesaZloa ar icodes romelime maTgani, mas mainc Tavisuflad 

SeuZlia daexmaros bavSvs, Seiswavlos es enebi. amisaTvis mSobeli 

regularulad unda ekiTxebodes bavSvs, ra Temaze saubroben 

skolaSi sxvadasxva gakveTilze, ra iyo misTvis mniSvnelovani, ra 

ainteresebs da aRelvebs... amiT bavSvi igrZnobs, rom rasac is 

akeTebs skolaSi, mniSvnelovani da seriozulia, igi dainteresdeba 

ufro metad. kargi iqneba, mSobelma gamoiyenos SesaZlebloba da 

iswavlos sakuTari Svilisgan is ena, romelsac ver flobs... es 

daexmareba bavSvs TviTSefasebaSi, swavlaSi da, rasakvirvelia, 

ganaviTarebs Tavad mSoblis enobriv SesaZleblobebsac. 

bevri miiCnevs, rom bavSvs unda elaparakon aramSobliur 

enaze, Tu is swavlobs mravalenovan klasSi. sinamdvileSi es ase ar 

aris. Tu mSobeli bavSvTan yovelTvis saubrobda mSobliur enaze 

da uceb daiwyebs saubars sxva enaze _ warmoiqmneba arabunebrivi 

15

situacia, bavSvica da mSobelic igrZnoben Tavs uxerxulad da 

Sedegi iqneba sawinaaRmdego... amitom aucilebelia, saxlSi 

gaagrZeloT laparaki im enaze, romelzec saubrobdiT adre. bavSvi 

sxva enebs mSoblis Carevis gareSec kargad iswavlis mravalenovan 

jgufSi. 

mSoblebisTvis saukeTeso rCevaa, daamyaron mWidro kontaqti 

maswavleblebTan. maswavleblebi iqnebian maTi madlierebi, Tu isini 

dausvamen kiTxvebs da mouyvebian, ra problemebi aqvT; aseve, 

mizanSewonilia saubari Svilis warmatebebze. erTad unda 

ganixilebodes sirTuleebi saSinao davalebebis Sesrulebisas da, 

aseve, erTad gamoinaxos gamosavali. bavSvebi da maswavleblebi 

iqnebian mSoblebis madlierebi, Tu isini dainteresdebiT, ra xdeba 

skolaSi. mSoblebma aucileblad unda miiRon monawileoba 

sxvadasxva saxis RonisZiebebSi da daeswron mSobelTa krebebs. 

16

3. ra midgomebi arsebobs enis swavlebaSi 

zogadad enis Seswavlis (dauflebis) meTodebi SeiZleba 

dayvanil iqnes Semdeg nusxamde: 

a) ucxo enis originalur wyarosTan Sexeba: 

enis matarebelTan urTierToba; 

enis matarebelTa metyvelebis mosmena; 

radios, magnitofonis, Canawerebis mosmena; 

televizoris, videos yureba; 

daumuSavebeli da araadaptirebuli teqstebis kiTxva 

(Jurnal-gazeTebi, reklamebi, firniSebi da a. S.); 

kompiuteruli programebis gamoyeneba; 

kompiuterTan urTierToba interaqtiur da avtonomiur 

reJimSi; 

kursis mosmena, sadac swavleba mocemul ucxo enaze 

mimdinareobs. 

b) ucxo enaze arsebuli specialurad SerCeuli zepiri 

gamoTqmebis an werilobiTi teqstebis gamoyeneba („xelmisawvdomi 

informacia“ sawyis etapze); 

g) enis matarebelTan uSualo dialogi. magaliTad, 

kompetentur mosaubresTan dialogSi monawileoba; 

d) ucxo enaze specialurad SemuSavebul da Seqmnil 

davalebebSi uSualo monawileoba („gasagebi informacia“ 

damamTavrebel etapze); 

e) TviTswavleba (vinmes xelmZRvanelobiT), dasaxuli miznis 

ganxorcieleba da xelmisawvdom saswavlo saSualebaTa gamoyeneba. 

kvlevebma gviCvena, rom enebis swavlebis tradiciuli, 

gramatikisa da leqsikis dazepirebaze dafuZnebuli moZvelebuli 

oficialuri meTodebi, ar aris sakmarisi da rom bavSvebi ukeTesad 

swavloben interaqtiuri meTodebiT, roca isini ki ar izepireben, 

17

uSualod iyeneben enas. mravalenovani ganaTlebis kidev erTi win 

gadadgmuli nabijia, roca igi sxvadasxva enas iyenebs saswavlo 

kursis sxvadasxva nawilis Sesaswavlad. amis meSveobiT moswavleebs 

aqvT imis SesaZlebloba da stimuli, rom Tavisuflad flobdnen 

enebs. mravalenovan swavlebas safuZvlad udevs Zalian moqnili 

koncefcia, romelic sxvadasxva modelis gamoyenebas uSvebs, 

magaliTad, imis dadgenaSi, Tu saswavlo kursis ra moculoba unda 

iswavlebodes TiToeul enaze. gansxvavebuli SeiZleba iyos agreTve 

klasebis Semadgenlobac, magaliTad, klasSi garkveul 

gakveTilebze SeiZleba iyvnen umciresobisa da umravlesobis 

warmomadgeneli bavSvebi. amas didi upiratesoba aqvs sxvadasxva 

jgufebis bavSvebis dasaaxloeblad: am gziT uSualod 

stimulirdeba integrireba, Semcirdeba erTmaneTis mimarT mtrobis 

riski da dasustdeba uaryofiTi stereotipebi, romlebsac zogjer 

sxvadasxva saskolo sistema warmoSobs. umravlesobis 

warmomadgenel bavSvebs amiT umciresobis warmomadgenel 

klaselebTan daaxloebisa da maTi enisa Tu kulturis gacnobis 

SesaZleblobac eZlevaT. aqedan gamomdinare, maTSi gaRvivdeba sxva 

kulturisa da enis pativiscema iseve, rogorc sakuTarisa. aseTi 

bavSvebi ara mxolod ufro tolerantulebi gaizrdebian 

mravalferovnebis mimarT, aramed isini ukeTesad gaigeben 

mravalferovani sazogadoebis upiratesobas. Semdegi sakiTxi exeba 

asakis SerCevas - romeli asakidan SeiZleba mravalenovani 

ganaTlebis dawyeba. es is sakiTxia, romelTan dakavSirebiTac 

mTeli rigi qveynebis gamocdilebam gviCvena amgvari ganaTlebis 

adreul asakSi dawyebis upiratesoba. am dros ZiriTadi aqcenti 

gadatanilia patara bavSvebis mier enebis advilad Seswavlis 

unarze. 

Zalian efeqturad miiCneven mkvlevrebi transenobriv meTods. 

transenobrivi meTodi gulisxmobs, rom kiTxva da mosmena 

xorcieldeba erT enaze, xolo producireba (laparaki da wera) - 

meore enaze da swavlebis procesSi enebis funqciebi xSirad 

18

icvleba. magaliTad, gakveTilze moswavleebi kiTxuloben 

inglisurad, xolo diskusia am sakiTxze mimdinareobs espanurad, 

xolo maswavlebeli diskusiis procesSi akeTebs dazustebebs 

inglisurad. gakveTi-lis bolos moswavleebi asruleben weriT 

davalebas espanurad. meore gakveTilze enebis daniSnuleba 

icvleba, inglisuri gamoiyeneba producirebisTvis, xolo espanuri 

_ mosmenisa da kiTxvis unarebis gansaviTareblad... 

19

4. meore enis swavleba sagnobriv Sinaarsze dafuZnebiT 

saswavlo sagnis Sinaarsisa da enis aTvisebis integrireba 

bilingvuri saswavlo procesis erT-erTi mTavari amocanaa, 

romelic maswavlebelma unda Seasrulos, raTa Tavisi sagnis 

qarTulad swavlebaze warmatebulad gadasvla SeZlos. es marTlac 

rTuli problemaa, romlis gadaWrac mxolod maswavlebelTa 

TanamSromlobis Sedegad aris SesaZlebeli. aq, upirvelesad, 

igulisxmeba qarTulis, rogorc meore enis, maswavleblebsa da sxva 

saswavlo sagnebis maswavleblebs Soris aqtiuri da regularuli 

TanamSromloba. 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis winaaRmdeg erT-erTi mTavari 

argumenti is mosazrebaa, TiTqos moswavleebi saswavlo sagans ver 

iTviseben meore enis SezRuduli codnis gamo _ maT saswavlo 

sagani unda aiTvison enaze, romelic jer kidev aTvisebis 

stadiaSia. marTlac, kvlevebi adasturebs, rom akademiuri da 

rTuli enis gamoyeneba saswavlo sagnis aTvisebis dros gadaulaxav 

sirTuleebs uqmnis im moswavleebs, romelTac swavlebis enis mwiri 

codna aqvT. aseve, ar SeiZleba saswavlo sagnis Sinaarsis 

Seswavlis gadadeba _ es iwvevs CamorCenas swavlaSi tolebTan 

SedarebiT da swavlis survils ukargavs moswavles (ievina, 2009, 

gv.79). amas garda, sagnobrivi pedagogebi SiSoben, integrirebul 

gakveTilze enobrivi kompetenciebis amaRlebisTvis garkveuli 

drois daTmoba daazaralebs erovnul saswavlo gegmas mocemul 

saganSi (maTematikaSi, fizikaSi, geografiaSi da a.S.), romlis 

dafarvac savaldebuloa... 

swavlebis enisa da saswavlo sagnobrivi Sinaarsis 

integrireba niSnavs enobrivi komponentebis sagnobriv gakveTilebSi 

CarTvas. integrirebuli midgoma agebs xids meore enis gakveTilebsa 

20

da sagnobriv gakveTilebs Soris. am midgomis gamoyenebis Sedegad 

ori dadebiTi Sedegi miiRweva: meore enisa da sxva saswavlo sagnis 

masalis (sagnobrivi Sinaarsis) aTviseba. 

saswavlo sagnis gakveTilze maswavlebeli saswavlo masalas 

moswavlis Semecnebis donis Sesabamisad aswavlis, xolo moswavlis 

enis codnis donis Sesabamisad irCevs sakomunikacio aqtivobebs; ase 

rom, ena iqceva masalis aTvisebis saSualebad, instrumentad da ara 

swavlebis sagnad. 

enisa da sagnobrivi Sinaarsis integrirebuli swavleba 

ramdenime umniSvnelovanesi unaris ganviTarebas moiTxovs 

pedagogisgan: es erTnairad exeba rogorc meore enis pedagogs, aseve 

sxva sagnebis maswavleblebsac: 

mravalferovani informaciis matareblebis gamoyeneba _ 

raTa meore enis masala SeZlebisdagvarad martivad aRsaqmeli 

gaxdes, maswavlebelma informacia Semecnebis mravalferovani 

masalis gamoyenebiT unda miawodos moswavleebs: realuri sagnebis, 

cxrilebis, gamosaxulebebis, diagramebis, aseve demonstrirebis, 

winaswar wakiTxvisa da weris strategiebis gamoyenebiT. 

moswavleebze orientirebuli swavlebis procesis 

organizeba _ swavlebis centrSi unda iyos moswavle, misi 

interesebi da saWiroebebi. moswavle aris aqtiuri obieqti, 

maswavleblis funqciaa, moswavleebis TanamSromlobasa da 

TiToeuli moswavlis codnis miRebis procesSi aqtiur CarTvas 

Seuwyos xeli. maswavlebelma samuSao ise unda dagegmos, rom 

moswav-les analizis unari ganuviTaros, rac asaTvisebeli masalis 

SemdgomSi gamoyenebisTvis aris aucilebeli (ievina, 2010, gv. 82). 

integrirebuli gakveTilis Catarebas seriozuli momzadeba 

esaWiroeba: upirvelesad, gansasazRvria rogorc sagnobrivi, aseve 

enobrivi miznebi. gasaazrebeli da dasagegmia TiToeuli aqtivoba _ 

dasazustebelia SerCeul aqtivobaSi TiToeuli enis _ 

21

mSobliurisa Tu meore enis _ funqcia (magaliTad, terminebs, 

sqemebs, TvalsaCinoebas vadgenT qarTul enaze, aseve, qarTulad 

vaZlevT martiv instruqciebs: ùpasuxe~, `moyevi gakveTili~, 

`Seasrule davaleba~ da sxva); rac Seexeba narativs (magaliTad, 

moswavlis mier davalebis moyola), am etapze ar unda vaiZuloT 

moswavle, meore enaze daZlios es rTuli davaleba. 

integrirebuli midgomis dagegmvisTvis upriania momzadebis 

Semdegi xerxi: sanam integrirebuli meTodis gamoyenebas daiwyebdes, 

sagnis maswavlebelma unda icodes, Tu ra xerxebs iyenebs meore 

enis pedagogi Tavis gakveTilebze. am informaciis misaRebad 

maswavleb-lebi erTmaneTis gakveTilebs unda daeswron da klasSi 

muSaobis process daakvirdnen. rasakvirvelia, kargia, Tuki sagnisa 

da enis maswavleblebi winaswar iqnebian momzadebulebi trenirebis 

gziT. 

enisa da sxva saswavlo sagnis maswavleblebma, erTad 

muSaobis dros, unda daadginon enobrivi sirTuleebi da 

moswavlisTvis saWiro unarebi, romlebic Sesabamisi sagnis masalis 

aTvisebisTvis aris aucilebeli (magaliTad, saxelmZRvanelos 

wakiTxvis unari; savarjiSoebis rveulSi davalebis Sesrulebis 

unari; sxvadasxva terminis mniSvnelobis garkvevis unari; sakuTari 

azris gamoTqmisa da dasabuTebis unari da sxva). 

Semdegi nabiji sagnobrivi da enis maswavleblis erToblivi 

muSaobis procesSi im problemebis dadgenaa, romlebic SesaZloa 

SeeqmnaT moswavleebs ama Tu im masalis (igulisxmeba sagnobrivi 

masala) aTvisebisas. aseTi saxis problemebi SeiZleba warmoiSvas, 

magaliTad, imis gamo, rom saxelmZRvaneloebis an sxva, damxmare 

teqstebis leqsika zedmetad rTulia. aseT SemTxvevebSi meore enis 

maswavlebeli exmareba sagnobriv pedagogs TvalsaCinoebebis 

SedgenaSi, sadac maqsimalurad gamartivebuli iqneba Sesaswavli 

aucilebeli terminebi da is martivi enobrivi konstruqciebi, 

22

omelTa gamoyenebiTac moswavle SeZlebs codnis gamovlenas meore 

enaze, ZiriTadi saTqmelis gadmocemas qarTulad. 

sagnobrivma maswavlebelma unda daadginos Tavisi sagnis 

swavlebis procesSi yvelaze xSirad gamosayenebeli sityvebis 

CamonaT-vali. meore enis maswavlebelTan TanamSromlobiT unda 

uzrunvelyos am sityvebis sworad gamoyenebis unari. SesaZloa, 

Zalian gamoadgeT ZiriTadi sityvebis moswavleebisaTvis winaswar 

gacnoba. maswavlebels SeuZlia, gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi 

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gaamaxvilos iseT sityvebze, romelTac 

SeuZliaT moswavleTa azrovneba swori mimarTulebiT waiyvanon, 

daexmaron mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris povnasa da pasuxebis 

moZiebaSi. 

integrirebuli gakveTilis axsnisas aucilebelia 

mravalferovani vizualuri masalis gamoyeneba; magaliTad, SeiZleba 

qaRaldze amowerili da amoWrili, qarTul enaze Sesrulebuli 

saWiro terminebis mikroba. es damatebiTi informacia garkveuli 

periodis ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba darCes vizualur masalaze 

ganTavsebuli. roca darwmundebiT, rom moswavleebma axali 

terminebi aiTvises, mikrobili furclebis moxsna SegiZliaT. aseve, 

maswavlebelma unda Seqmnas situaciebi, romlebSic mas SeuZlia 

darwmundes, rom moswavleebi axal terminebs srulad daeuflnen. 

gakveTilis dagegmvisas maswavlebelma unda daisaxos 

umniSvnelovanesi miznebi da swored maT moargos Sesabamisi masala, 

raTa gamousadegari wvrilmanebisa da detalebis swavlebas 

aaridos Tavi. sagnis maswavlebels SeuZlia moZebnos 

alternatiuli saswavlo wignebi an sxva masala, romelTa 

ganmartebebic ufro Seesabameba meore enis aTvisebis procesSi myof 

moswavleebs. maswavlebels, aseve, SeuZlia ukve arsebuli teqstebis 

moswavlis enis codnis donis Sesabamisad adaptireba; ar unda 

dagvaviwydes, rom saWiroa pirvel rigSi Zalian martivad aRsaqmeli 

23

masalis momzadeba axali Temis saswavleblad, xolo Semdeg 

gakveTilebze enobrivi mraval-ferovnebis TandaTanobiTi zrda, 

sanam Tema srulad iqneba aTvisebuli. 

Zalian mniSvnelovania, gakveTilis dasawyisSi miznebi dafaze 

daiweros da qarTul enaze xmamaRla davasaxeloT (SesaZlebelia, 

moswavleebsac gavameorebinoT es miznebi). sasargeblo iqneba aseve 

imis ganmarteba, rom es gakveTili wina da Semdeg gakveTilebTan 

mWidro kavSirSia. 

sanam moswavleebi raime samuSaos Sesrulebas Seudgebodnen, 

maswavlebelma maT savarjiSos sruli aRwera unda gaacnos: 

sasurvelia, pedagogma SeZlos am aRweris qarTul enaze wardgena, 

Tumca, gaviTvaliswinoT, rom pirobis gageba umniSvnelovanesi 

komponentia da mSobliuri enis gamoyenebis SezRudva am 

komponentSi mizanSeuwonelia. amis Semdeg maswavlebels SeuZlia 

moswavleebs misces ufleba, es davaleba safexurebad Tavad 

Seasrulon. es xerxi gansakuTrebiT maTematikisa da sxva zusti 

mecnierebebis savarjiSoebis SesrulebisTvisaa xelsayreli. 

saWiroa, rom moswavleebs TanamSromlobisa da klasSi 

samuSaod urTierTkavSirisTvis winapiroba SevuqmnaT. yovlad 

dauSvebelia, rom maswavlebelma mxolod leqciis formati 

gamoiyenos _ TviTon ilaparakos bevri, xolo moswavleebi 

pasiurebi iyvnen; moswavleebis damoukidebel, wyvilebSi an 

jgufebSi muSaoba saukeTeso formaa integrirebuli swavlebisaTvis. 

isini aqtiurad unda iyvnen CarTulni gakveTilis yvela monakveTSi. 

am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi kargad aiTviseben rogorc sagnobriv 

masalas, aseve, gaiumjobeseben enis codnas. maswavlebelma 

xelovnurad unda Seqmnas situaciebi, romlebSic moswavleebs 

SesaZlebloba miecemaT, sagnis Sesabamisi leqsika gamoiyenon da 

sagnobrivi Sinaarsis Sesaxeb sakiTxebze isaubron, aseve, 

werilobiT gamoTqvan azri qarTul enaze. 

24

enis aTvisebis procesSi moswavleebi saubrisas Secdomebs 

uSveben. es bunebrivi movlenaa. bilingvali maswavlebeli 

darwmunebuli unda iyos, rom moswavleebs esmiT informacia da ar 

unda miaqcios gadaWarbebiT didi yuradReba orTografiisa da 

stilistikis aspeqtebs. ra Tqma unda, maswavlebelma Tavad swori 

forma unda SesTavazos, magram misgan gamarTuli metyvelebis 

moTxovna gaumarTlebelia. mTavari roli enis sworad gamoyenebis 

aTvisebaSi enis maswavlebels uWiravs da ara ama Tu im sagnis 

pedagogs. 

integrirebuli gakveTilis warmatebuli SedegisaTvis didi 

mniSvneloba eniWeba sworad da gemovnebiT SerCeul aqtivobebs. 

airCieT aqtivobebi, romlebic moswavleebs daexmareba, Tavad 

aRmoaCinon axali informacia; maswavlebeli exmareba moswavleebs 

informaciis organizebaSi da Sesasrulebeli moqmedebebis 

Tanmimdevrobas ugegmavs. sabunebismetyvelo mimarTulebis an 

socialur mecnierebaTa gakveTilebze didi warmatebiT SeiZleba im 

xerxebis gamoyeneba, romlebSic moswavleebi proeqtis meTodiT 

ikvleven Tavisive arCeul Temas. maswavlebeli moqmedebs rogorc 

koordinatori _ moswavle gansazRvravs problemas, eZebs mis 

mizezebs, atarebs kvlevebs an eqsperiments da problemis 

gadawyvetis gzebs eZebs. enis codnis done, azris gasagebad 

gamoTqmis unari da proeqtis SemuSavebis procesSi sxvebis azris 

gageba iZens konkretul praqtikul mniSvnelobas. am dros 

SesaZlebelia qarTuli enis _ rogorc informaciis mogrovebis, 

monacemTa damuSavebis, argumentirebis saSualebad gamoyeneba. 

rekomendebulia, maswavlebelma gamoiyenos aqtivobebi, 

romlebSic moswavleebisTvis nakluli informaciis moZieba iqneba 

saWiro: am tipis aqtivobebs miekuTvneba roluri TamaSebi, 

situaciuri, kiTxva-pasuxebis savarjiSoebi, problemebis gadawyveta. 

TiToeul moswavles (klasSi an jgufSi) aqvs erTi an ori 

25

informaciis fragmenti, romlebic savarjiSos Sesasruleblad aris 

aucilebeli, magram ar aris saWiro informaciis srulad miwodeba. 

moswavleebma erTad unda imuSaon, unda gacvalon informacia. am 

xerxiT maTi metyvelebis da azrovnebis unaris gavarjiSeba da enis 

donis gaumjobeseba SeiZleba. 

26

5. moswavleTaTvis enis aTvisebis procesSi 

gamosayenebeli ZiriTadi principebi 

gakveTilze gamoyenebuli terminebi, axali sityvebi da 

frazebi gaxadeT moswavleTaTvis gasagebi: moaxdineT maTi peri- 

frazireba, gaamartiveT isini, gamoiyeneT Jestikulacia, konteqsti, 

realizmi da a.S. 

gaxsovdeT, rom gageba (gacnobiereba) da warmoTqma (gadmoce- 

ma) ar aris erTi da igive. ar DdaaZaloT moswavleebs, gansakuTre- 

biT sawyiss etapze, kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema da sityvebis axsna. 

mieciT maT imis saSualeba, rom qceviT da moqmedebebiT moaxdinon 

reagireba Tqvens naTqvamze. 

praqtikuloba 

gadaamowmeT winadadebebi, romelTa warmoTqmasac apirebT 

gakveTilze sakuTari TavisaTvis ori SekiTxvis dasmis gziT: vi- 

tyodi Tu ara rodesme (davsvamdi Tu ara aseT SekiTxvas) Cems 

mSobliur enaze? Cem mier warmoTqmuli azri/SekiTxva dakavSire- 

bulia Tu ara im codnasTan da unarebTan, romelTa aTvisebasac va- 

pirebT programis mixedviT? 

interesunarianoba 

moerideT iseTi kiTxvebis dasmas, romelTa pasuxebi winaswar 

aris nagulisxmevi. 

27

mimzidveloba 

airCieT mimzidveli Sinaarsis masala da aseve muSaobis 

gasarTobi forma. rodesac maswavleblis mizania moswavlisaTvis 

enis ganviTareba, xSirad kiTxvebi da davalebebi warmodgenelia 

primitiuli saxiT, inteleqtualuri datvirTvis gareSe. 

moswavleebs esaWiroebaT axali, ucnobi masalebi, Secdomebze 

swavlis SesaZlebloba. iseTi davaleba, romelic moiTxovs 

problemis gadaWras, sadac aris moulodnelobebi, saubrisaTvis 

ufro met stimuls warmoadgens, gramatikul savarjiSoebTan 

SedarebiT. 

mieciT moswavleebs sakmarisad bevri Ria tipis davaleba, 

raTa aman gamoiwvios axali daugegmavi sityvebi da struqturis 

gadmocemis aucilebloba. 

SearCieT iseTi davaleba, romelic moiTxovs erTdroulad 

ramdenime unaris CarTvas, gaaerTianeT enobrivi Semoqmedeba da 

informatiuli elementebi. 

Tanmimdevruloba 

gakveTilis dagegmvis procesSi, orientireba moaxdineT 

moswavleTa gamocdilebaze, aRwereT, Tu rogor SeuZlia moswavles 

axlad SeZenili codnisa da unarebis gamoyeneba, da ramdenad 

sasargeblo iqneba maTi gamoyeneba momdevno gakveTilze axali 

masalisa da unarebis aTvisebis procesSi. 

28

6. swavla-swavlebis principebi zogadsaganmanaTleblo 

skolebis sabazo da saSualo safexurebze 

bilingvuri swavlebis warmatebiT warmarTvisaTvis aucilebelia 

swavla/swavlebis principebis gaTvaliswineba sabazo da saSualo 

skolaSi. 

principi 1. moswavle swavlobs ukeT, roca iTvaliswineben mis in- 

dividualur Taviseburebebs. 

amisaTvis maswavlebelma unda: 

SearCios swavlebis iseTi meTodebi, romlebic Seesatyvise- 

ba moswavlis asakobriv Taviseburebebs; 

SesTavazos moswavleebs mravalferovani aqtivobebi, sa- 

varjiSoebi, davalebebi maTi individualur TaviseburebaTa 

gaTvaliswinebiT (xasiaTi, swavlis stili, inteleqtualuri 

unarebi, Zlieri da susti mxareebi). 

aRWurvos moswavle saswavlo strategiebiT, romlebic mas 

swavlas gauadvilebs da ufro damoukidebels gaxdis. 

principi 2. moswavle ukeT iswavlis, Tu mas miecema pirovnuli po- 

tencialis ganviTarebis saSualeba. 


gamoumuSavos moswavleebs dadebiTi damokidebuleba sa- 

kuTari Tavis, sxvebis, swavlis, garemomcveli samyaros, 

saxelmwifo enis mimarT; 

Camouyalibos moswavleebs konstruqciuli damokidebule- 

ba Secdomis mimarT da gaacnobierebinos mas, rom Secdoma 

29

swavlis procesis ganuyofeli nawilia (Secdomebis gamo- 

vlena da gaanalizeba ganapirobebs winsvlas); 

mkafiod ganusazRvros moswavles, Tu ras elian misgan; 

Seqmnas ndobis atmosfero, sadac iqneba TanamSromloba 

da ara konkurencia, Sejibri. 

principi 3. moswavle ukeT swavlobs enas, rodesac igi motivirebu- 

lia. 


misces moswavles saSualeba daakvirdes asaTvisebel 

masalas damoukideblad, gamoTqvas varaudebi, aRmoaCi- 

nos, mixvdes, amoicnos, Seadaros, rasac Tanamedrove 

pedagogika codnis konstruirebas, agebas uwodebs; 

swavlebis Sinaarsi miusadagos moswavleTa interesebs; 

Seqmnas iseTi sakomunikacio, realuri situaciebi, ro- 

mlebic mimzidveli iqneba moswavleebisaTvis; 

dausaxos moswavleebs realisturi, daZlevadi amoca- 

nebi da miznebi, raTa moswavleebma igrZnon warmatebis 

gemo; 

waaxalisos warmateba, daafasos da Seafasos winsvla. 

mniSvnelovania im asakobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebac, 

romlebic mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs warmatebas swavlebasa da 

swavlaSi. 

am etapze gasaTvaliswinebeli asakobrivi Taviseburebebia: 

fizikuri da fsiqikuri puberteti (momwifeba). 11-12 wlidan 

individis sulieri organizaciis iseTi cvlileba iCens Tavs, 

romelic, pirvel rigSi, mis moqmedebaTa Tu gancdaTa stiqiurad 

aRkveTaSi vlindeba. mozardis damokidebuleba movlenebTan da 

30

sagnebTan, iseve rogorc socialur sinamdvilesTan, sxvagvaria, 

vidre bavSvobis xanaSi. igi SemecnebiTia da ara gulubryvilo. 

mozardi cdilobs gaiazros movlenebi, swored amitom am asakSi 

iwyeba da Semdeg Zlierdeba mozardis fsiqologiuri da 

filosofiuri azrovneba. ganviTarebis am safexurze ”mes” manamde 

ramdenadme gaurkveveli cnobiereba icvleba cxadi da 

gamokveTili TviTcnobierebiT. masSi iRviZebs kritikuli 

damokidebuleba sakuTari Tavis mimarT da ara marto sakuTari 

Tavis, aramed sxvebis mimarTac. amitom masTan uxeSi 

damokidebuleba, mis kritikaze mZafri reagireba konfliqtis 

warmoSobis pirobad iqceva. am konfliqtma SeiZleba 

gamousworebebli ziani miayenos mozards. mas yvelaze da 

yvelaferze sakuTari Sexeduleba gaaCnia da es maswavlebelma 

unda gamoiyenos swavlebisa da swavlis procesSi. misces mas 

azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvis saSualeba, maT Soris meore 

enazec, ar miaqcios yuradReba aseT dros enobriv Secdomebs. 

am periodSi aRmocendeba sakuTari pirovnebis socialuri 

aRiarebisadmi Zlieri miswrafeba. mozards uCndeba Zlieri 

moTxovnileba, hqondes wona socialur garemoSi. amitom am dros 

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba waxalisebas, sxvebis TvalSi 

misi avtoritetis amaRlebas, misi SesaZleblobebis maqsimalur 

warmoCenas. am etapze kvlav aqtualuria roluri TamaSebisa da 

situaciuri amocanebis gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi, magram ise, 

rom moswavlem ar igrZnos sakuTari ususuroba enaSi. amisaTvis 

maswavlebelma winaswar unda moamzados moswavleebi, miawodos 

mas is enobrivi konstruqciebi da Sesabamisi leqsika, romlebic 

moswavles am amocanebis daZlevaSi daexmareba. 

gardamavali asakis erT-erT damaxasiaTebel movlenas 

warmoadgens SromiTi unarianobis daqveiTeba. gansakuTrebiT es 

SeimCneva vaJebTan. magram amis gadalaxvac SeiZleba, Tu 

31

maswavlebeli gamonaxavs swor gzas. erT-erTi piroba, 

davaZlevinoT mozards es sirTule, aris is, rom moswavlis 

Sroma, Tundac minimaluri SedegiT, dafasebuli da mowonebuli 

iqneba. mozardebisaTvis aucilebelia ufrosebis aRiareba, maSin 

maT xalisi uCndebaT gaamarTlon maswavlebelTa pozitiuri 

Sexeduleba. sakmarisia mozards daakisron ufrosis funqcia 

umcrosebis mimarT, rom maT Secvalon swavlisadmi (Sromisadmi) 

damokidebuleba. magaliTad, daxmaros umcrosklaselebs 

saswavlo proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi, speqtaklis dadgmaSi an 

Tundac waukiTxos maT saintereso moTxrobebi / zRaprebi 

qarTul enaze. 

kidev erTi damaxasiaTebeli Tavisebureba am asakisaTvis aris ara 

ubralod urTierTobis moTxovnileba, aramed Zlieri survili _ 

ipovos gageba sxvebSi. yovel mozardSi Zlieria tendencia iyos 

aRiarebuli, gaugon da ar datovon gverdze. 

gardamavali asakis, gansakuTrebiT ki misi bolo fazisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebelia interesTa sruliad axali wris aRmoceneba. 

saxeldobr, mozards uCndeba interesi cxovrebis sxvadasxva 

sferos mimarT, gansakuTrebiT ekonomikuri sferos mimarT. man 

kargad icis qonebis an karieris mniSvneloba. aqedan gamomdinare, 

imis gacnobireba, rom keTildReobis miRweva da cxovrebaSi 

adgilis damkvidreba saxelmwifo enis dauflebiT SeiZleba, mas 

uRvivebs motivacias da es unda iyos mxardaWerili 

maswavleblebis mier. 

32

7. enis aTvisebis xelSemwyobi da xelis SemSleli 

faqtorebi 

xelSemwyobi faqtorebi: 

Tavisufali garemo 

moswavleebs SeuZliaT icinon, isxdnen TavianT sayvarel po- 

zaSi, gadaadgildnen klasSi, saswavlo procesidan miiRon siamovne- 

ba. 

gariskvis survili 

adamianebs, romlebsac uyvarT gariskva, aseve uyvarT gamoc- 

noba. isini ar eridebian sasacilo mdgomareobaSi Cavardnas da 

Tvlian., rom ,, vinc ar riskavs, is ver imarjvebs. 

warmatebaSi darwmunebuli. 

1. moswavleebi, romlebic darwmunebulni arian TavianT 

warmatebaSi, advilad moiZieben sxva gzas, im SemTxeve- 

vaSi, Tu pirveli cda ar gaamarTlebs. 

2. moTmineba da gacnobiereba imisa, rom erTbaSad 

yvelafris gageba SeuZlebelia. 

3. moswavle, romelic martivad miiRebs im faqts, rom 

yvelafris gageba erTbaSad SeuZlebelia, im 

SemTxvevaSic aqtiurad iTanamSromlebs, Tu davalebis 

Sinaarsi Tavidan ar iqneba misTvis srulebiT naTeli. 

33

xelisSemSleli faqtorebi: 

aRelveba, nerviuloba 

yvelaze Zlieri filtri aris nerviuloba. Tu bavSvi nerviulobs, 

wrialebs, oflianobs, fexebs iqnevs, es niSnavs, rom enobrivi 

informaciis miRebas xvdeba ,,filtri''. 

gariskvis survilis arqona. 

adamianebi, romlebsac ar uyvarT riski, advilad ikargebian. maT 

eSiniaT Secdomebis daSvebis sxvebis TvalSi sasacilod gamoCenis. 

warmatebaSi daeWveba. 

moswavleebi, romlebsac sakuTari Tavis rwmena ar gaaCniaT, 

arc cdiloben, da amas imiT xsnian, rom mainc ar gamouvaT. isini 

yovel Secdomas aRiqvamen ara rogorc axlis swavlis 

SesaZleblobas, aramed rogorc sakuTar nakls, rom maT ar 

SeuZliaT swavla. 

didi moculobis informaciasTan Tavis garTmevis 

SeuZlebloba. 

moswavle romelsac ar SeuZlia imasTan Segueba, rom yvela- 

fris erTad gageba SeuZlebelia, maswavleblis mxridan moiTxovs 

gamudmebiT axsnas da amJRavnebs mouTmenlobas, Tu maswavlebeli 

myisierad ar uxsnis yvela sityvis mniSvnelobas. 

34

8. pedagogTa TanamSromloba bilingvuri swavlebis 

procesSi 

bilingvuri swavlebis procesis warmatebuli realizebisTvis 

aucilebelia TanamSromloba moswavleebs Soris, aseve, 

maswavleblebs Soris da moswavleTa da maswavleblebs Soris. 

aucilebelia, rom am TanamSromlobis mniSvneloba bilingvuri 

ganaTlebis mTavarma realizatorebma gaiazron: ara mxolod 

qarTulis, rogorc meore enis, maswavleblebma, aramed sxva sagnebis 

maswavleblebmac erovnul umciresobaTa skolebSi. bilingvuri 

swavlebis procesis warmatebuli realizeba SeuZlebelia manam, 

sanam TiToeuli maswavlebeli mxolod Tavis sagans uRrmavdeba da 

imis Semdeg, roca igi gadis klasidan, ar interesdeba romelime 

konkretuli klasis mdgomareobiT, ar iqneba informirebuli imis 

Sesaxeb, Tu ras da rogor swavloben moswavleebi sxva 

gakveTilebze, gansakuTrebiT qarTulis, rogorc meore enis, 

gakveTilebze. ramdenime sagnis qarTul enaze swavlis dawyebis 

Semdeg izrdeba moswavlis datvirTva. maswavleblebisTvis 

sasargeblo iqneboda, xSirad Seikribon da isaubron imaze, Tu ras 

swavloben konkretuli klasis moswavleebi TiToeul saganSi. aseTi 

saxis informaciis gacvla aucileblad Seuqmnis maT samuSaos 

erTmaneTSi SeTanxmebisa da gaiolebis safuZvels. aseve, 

maswavleblebs SeuZliaT erTmaneTis gakveTilebs daeswron, raTa 

moswavleebis enis codnis doneSi darwmundnen. es TanamSromloba 

momgebiani iqneba maswavleblisTvisac, radganac kolegebs Soris 

TanamSromloba axali codnis SeZenas uwyobs xels da afarToebs 

TiToeuli maswavleblis warmodgenas Teoriisa da praqtikis 

gakveTilebze Sefardebis Sesaxeb. 

35

Cveulebrivi daxmareba ar niSnavs TanamSromlobas (rac, ra 

Tqma unda aseve aucilebelia), es aris samuSao procesis 

urTierTSeTanxmeba da kolegisTvis saswavlo gegmis 

daregulirebaSi daxmareba. Tu moswavleebi ver xedaven, rom mas- 

wavleblebi gundurad muSaoben, verc TviTon moaxerxeben amas. 

TanamSromloba unda ganixilebodes rogorc saSualeba, ro- 

melic moswavleTa urTierTkontaqts uzrunvelyofs, igi swavlebis 

socialuri mxarea. moswavle swavlebis procesSi erTveba, matu- 

lobs misi TviTSegneba da Tavdajereba, igi mzad aris riskisTvis, 

radganac klasSi dadebiTi socialur emociuri atmosfero sufevs. 

aseTi midgomisTvis Sesabamisi garemos Seqmnas, romlis 

centrSic moswavlea moqceuli, upirveles yovlisa, gaazreba sWir- 

deba, Tu ra unda gakeTdes imisaTvis, rom miRweul iqnes Tanam- 

Sromloba viwro gagebiT. es ara mxolod saubars iTvaliswinebs, 

aramed kompleqsur midgomas yvela unaris asaTviseblad. magaliTad, 

SesaZlebelia, teqsti TiToeulma moswavlem damoukideblad waikiT- 

xos, xolo Semdgom wyvilebSi ganixilon igi da mxolod amis Sem- 

deg daiwyon imaves ufro did jgufebSi keTeba da, sabolood, 

mTelma klasma erTad ganixilos... aseve, weriTi savarjiSoebis Se- 

sruleba nebismier safexurze SeiZleba. wakiTxvis an mosmenis win 

SesaZlebelia Temis zogadad ganxilva, raTa moswavleebs gavacnoT 

da gavuRvivoT interesi. 

jgufebSi da wyvilebSi muSaoba moswavleebs Soris Tanam- 

Sromlobas zrdis da maswavleblis mTel klasTan saubris auci- 

leblobis dros amcirebs. TanamSromlobis gamoyenebiT swavleba 

moswavles ayenebs yuradRebis centrSi da radikalurad cvlis 

klasikuri swavlebis models, roca maswavlebeli iwyebs saubars, 

moswavle mas pasuxobs, Sedegad maswavlebeli mis pasuxs afasebs. 

mcirericxovan jgufebSi muSaoba enis Sesaswavlad uaRresad 

mniSvnelovania. gasaTvaliswinebelia komunikaciuri swavlebis far- 

36

To SesaZleblobebi: uSualo garemo, Tavisufleba da moswavleTa 

CarTuloba, aseve, davalebebis diferenciaciis SesaZlebloba. mci- 

rericxovan jgufSi iqmneba bunebrivi dialogisTvis ukeTesi piro- 

bebi, vidre klasis organizebis nebismieri sxva xerxis gamoyenebis 

dros - moswavleebis organizebis es modeli, maswavleblisTvis mi- 

sawvdomi meTodebidan, erT-erTi yvelaze moqnili da pozitiuri, 

amasTan, integrirebis SesaZleblobis momcemia: jgufSi samuSao 

SeiZleba savarjiSoebze iyos koncentrirebuli, rac aviTarebs ro- 

gorc sworad, aseve Tavisuflad metyvelebis unars. mas SeuZlia 

sworad metyvelebis unaris ganviTarebis swavlebis efeqturobis 

gazrdac da moswavleebs jgufurad organizebuli samuSaos Segue- 

baSic daexmareba im donemde, rom maT SeZlon Tavisufali metyve- 

lebis savarjiSoebis Sesruleba erToblivad. pozitiur Sedegs aZ- 

lierebs maswavlebeli `CareviT~ (araformaluri swavlebiT), Ti- 

Toeul jgufTan misvliT, rac moswavleebs enis codnis faseul 

informacias aZlevs. 

37

9. mSobliuri enis roli bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesSi 

bilingvurad muSaobis dros ori ena gamoiyeneba, rogorc swav- 

lebis saSualeba anu instrumenti: moswavlis mSobliuri (umcire- 

sobis) ena da oficialuri (saxelmwifo) ena; an oficialuri ena da 

romelime ucxo ena. es ki imas niSnavs, rom maswavleblebi, romle- 

bic TavianT sagans moswavleebs bilingvurad aswavlian, muSaoben 

erT gundSi: gegmaven saswavlo masalas ara mxolod romelime kon- 

kretuli klasisTvis, aramed TiToeuli konkretuli TemisTvis, Se- 

saZlebelia raime konkretuli sakiTxisTvisac. am gziT saswavlo 

masalis zedmet gameorebas aridebs Tavs, SeTanxmebulia masalis 

Tanmimdevroba, aseve saswavlo masalis Seswavlis procesSi gamoye- 

nebadi ori enis urTierTTanamSromloba. aseve, mniSvnelovania 

swavlebis meTodebis gaazreba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki pedagogebi 

namdvilad profesionalurad zrunaven TavianTi moswavleebis cod- 

nasa da unarebze, yvela maswavleblis samuSao urTierTSeTanxme- 

bulia. amis Sedegad gakveTilisTvis gamoyofili dro efeqturad 

aris gamoyenebuli. 

swavlebis procesSi, ori enis gamoyenebis dros, ZiriTadi 

yuradReba unda mieqces konkretuli sagnis masalis aTvisebis pro- 

cess. enebi mxolod instrumentebia. mxolod dargis specialists 

SeuZlia Tavisi dargis Sesabamisi leqsikis swavleba. enis pedagogs 

- arc mSobliuri enis, arc meore enisas - ar SeuZlia iwinaswarme- 

tyvelos, SesTavazos da aswavlos yvelaferi romelime konkretuli 

enis farglebSi sxvadasxva mecnierebis sferoSi. amitom saswavlo 

sagnis maswavlebeli iyenebs, iribad amdidrebs moswavlis leqsikas 

da nawilobriv enasac aswavlis maT, imisda miuxedavad, es aris 

moswavleebis mSobliuri ena Tu swavlebis procesSi gamoyenebuli 

sxva ena. 

38

ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom bilingvuri swavlebis meTodolo- 

giis sakiTxebis Seswavlisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba swavlebis 

procesSi, gakveTilis msvlelobis dros, enis gamoyenebas eqceva. 

enis arCevis ramdenime midgoma arsebobs. maswavlebels gaazrebuli 

unda hqondes, anu winaswar unda dagegmos enis gamoyenebis gegma 

gakveTilzec, moswavlis damoukidebeli muSaobis drosac, magali- 

Tad, saxlSi. 

enebis dagegmarebis meTods bevri aspeqti ganapirobebs. 

moswavlis asaki, zogadi ganviTareba, mSobliuri enis flobi- 

sa da meore enis aTvisebis done, socialuri gamocdileba, 

enis praqtikuli gamoyenebis gamocdileba, SesaZleblobebi, 

arsebuli codna da unarebi ganapirobebs imas, Tu ra raode- 

nobiT unda gamoviyenoT erTi an meore ena. 

saswavlo miznebi, davalebebi ganapirobebs, Tu romel enaze 

unda tardebodes esa Tu is mecadineoba Tu samuSao. 

dabalansebuli saswavlo masalis aTvisebisTvis gamoyofili 

drois monakveTis dagegmva ganapirobebs imas, Tu rodis da 

romeli ena unda gamoviyenoT axali Temis swavlis, gameore- 

bis, ukve naswavli masalis ganmtkicebis an saSinao davalebis 

Sesrulebisa Tu Semowmebis dros. 

swavlebis meTodebis arCevani ganapirobebs, Tu ras da ra 

enaze aswavlis maswavlebeli, Tu rogor da ra enaze muSao- 

ben moswavleebi. mniSvnelovania, Tu ramdenad kargad icnobs 

maswavlebeli enis swavlebis meTodebs da ramdenad Seswevs 

maTi gamoyenebis unari. 

saswavlo sagnis Sinaarsi, misi sirTulis safexuri (Teori- 

ulica da yoveldRiur praqtikaSi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba), 

sxva saswavlo sagnebTan kavSirSi, SesaZlebelia saswavlo 

masalis nawilis yofaSi aTviseba, aseve, meore enaSi, ganapi- 

robebs, Tu rodis unda gamoviyenoT erTi an meore ena. 

39

gamoyenebuli saswavlo literatura, masala, masSi gamoyene- 

buli enis specifika (bavSvebis asakisTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

Tvisebebisa da enis ganviTarebis donis Sesabamisi - rogorc 

mSobliur enaSi, aseve meore enaSi) gansazRvravs, Tu rogor 

da rodis unda daexmaroT moswavleebs ara mxolod saswavlo 

masalis aTvisebaSi, aramed, aseve, mis gagebaSi meore enaze. 

sxva sagnebSi enis gamoyenebis gamocdileba (maswavleblis 

dagegmili) gansazRvravs, Tu ra ician ukve da ra SeuZliaT 

moswavleebs meore enis gamoyenebis dros. 

moswavlis saWiroebani ganaTlebis miRebis Semdgom procesSi. 

aq naxsenebia enebis (mSobliuri Tu meore) gamoyenebis (dagegma- 

rebis) mxolod zogierTi aspeqti, romelTa gaTvaliswineba mniSv- 

nelovania bilingvuri swavlebisa da swavlis dros. Tumca, kidev 

arsebobs TiToeuli saswavlo sagnis aTvisebis pirobebi. mudmivad 

unda vadevnoT Tvalyuri imas, Tu ramdenad iTviseben moswavleebi 

swavlebis sagans, izrdeba Tu ara meore enis gamoyeneba, umjobesde- 

ba Tu ara maTi mSobliuri enis codna. 

aqsiomaturia, rom yvelaze kargia swavlebis enad mSobliuri 

enis gamoyeneba. fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania, 

radgan bavSvi avtomaturad iazrebs da unari aqvs, gamoxatos 

sakuTari mosazrebebi, roca procesi misTvis nacnob enaze 

mimdinareobs. socialurad mniSvnelovania, radgan moswavle 

sakuTari Tavis identificirebas axdens sakuTar TemTan. 

saganmanaTleblo kuTxiT, is swavlobs ufro swrafad da kargad 

mSobliur enaze, vidre misTvis ucxo enaze. 

mniSvnelovania, rom sruli Zalisxmeva mivmarToT, raTa bavSvebma 

SeZlon mSobliur enaze ganaTlebis miReba... ganaTlebis kuTxiT, 

mniSvnelovania, rom rac SeiZleba met xans gagrZeldes swavlebis 

procesSi mSobliuri enis gamoyeneba. swavlis dawyebis pirvel 

etapze ki umniSvnelovanesia, moswavle mSobliur enaze swavlobdes, 

40

adgan, erTi mxriv, kargad gebulobs am enaze da, meore mxriv, 

mSobliur enaze swavleba amcirebs im stress, rac moswavleSi 

Cndeba ojaxidan skolaSi Sesvlis dros. 

roca swavlebis procesSi ar xdeba mSobliuri enis gamoyeneba, 

moswavleebi sakuTar Tavs aRiqvamen CamorCenilebad, 

arasrulfasovnebad da sulelebad. maTi kultura Seuracxyofili, 

xolo moswavleebi SeSinebulebi, dabneulebi da travmirebulni 

xdebian. am yovelives SeiZleba hqondes grZelvadiani efeqtic. 

mSobliuri enis codna xels uwyobs meore enis aTvisebas. 

kvlevebma daadastures, rom moswavleebs, romlebic flobdnen 

mSobliur enas, ufro kargad hqondaT ganviTarebuli werisa da 

zepirmetyvelebis unarebi meore enaSi mSobliuri enis armcodne 

moswavleebTan SedarebiT. mSobliuri enis codna xels uwyobs 

unarebis transfers meore enis Seswavlisas. 

enobrivi kodebis Secvla (gadasvla mSobliuri enis 

gamoyenebidan - meore enis gamoyenebaze da piriqiT) farTod aris 

gavrcelebuli bilingvur klasSi. enobrivi kodebis Secvla ara 

mxolod gavrcelebulia umravles saganmanaTleblo situaciaSi, 

aramed bunebrivi procesicaa, radgan warmoadgens Seqmnili 

siZnelisadmi pragmatul pasuxs, radganac aseTi siZneleebi xSirad 

gvxvdeba, roca moswavleebi sagnobriv Sinaars swavloben im enaze, 

romelsac srulyofilad ver floben. swavleba moiTxovs Zalian 

did yuradRebas, xolo yuradRebis misapyrobad enis Secvla xSirad 

gauTviTcnobiereblad xdeba. maswavleblebi xSirad verc 

acnobiereben, rodis moaxdines enis Secvla, an saerTod Secvales 

Tu ara ena klasSi. 

enebis Secvlas klasSi moepoveba pedagogiuri da socialuri 

funqciebi mkvlevarTa dakvirvebiT, bilingvur klasSi mimdinare 

saubrebi da enebis cvlilebebi kargad asaxavs skolaSi arsebul 

konteqstsa da tradiciebs. magaliTad, maswavleblis mier enobrivi 

41

kodebis gamocvla SeiZleba niSnavdes gakveTilis dawyebas, 

gakveTilis sakiTxze gadasvlas, moswavlesTan specifikur 

interaqcias an gakveTilis Sinaarsidan saklaso menejmentze 

gadasvlas. 

klasSi enis gamoyeneba ganpirobebulia 3 faqtoriT: 1) 

maswavleblis enisadmi damokidebulebiT; 2) moswavlis enobrivi 

kompetenciiTa da enisadmi damokidebulebiT; 3) moswavlesa da 

maswavlebels Soris SeTanxmebiT. sawyis etapze enebis arCevani 

ganpirobebulia moswavleTa saWiroebebiT. maswavleblebi xSirad 

mimarTaven moswavlisaTvis nacnob enas masalis miwodebisas, Tumca 

am SemTxvevebSic did rols TamaSobs ganaTlebis sistemisa Tu 

skolis politika, romelic SeiZleba krZalavdes romelime enis 

gamoyenebas an piriqiT _ axalisebdes moswavlisaTvis gasageb enaze 

masalis miwodebas. 

saklaso oTaxSi enis gamoyeneba kidev ramdenime faqtoriTaa 

ganpirobebuli, kerZod, enebs Soris arsebuli statusiT, ori enis 

TanmimdevrobiTa da sinqronizaciiT, moswavlisa da maswavleblis 

SeTanxmebiT da a. S. saklaso oTaxSi mimdinare orenovani procesis 

gaazreba da axsna SesaZlebeli xdeba mxolod Temis, ekonomikuri, 

istoriuli, socialuri da politikuri konteqstis 

gaTvaliswinebiT. 

42

Tavi II 

1. teqstebze muSaoba bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesSi 

bilingvuri swavlebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxia 

teqstze muSaoba. ramdenadac bilingvuri klasebisaTvis specialuri 

saxelmZRvaneloebi ar arsebobs, amdenad ZiriTad saswavlo saSua- 

lebad erTenovani saxelmZRvaneloebi gamoiyeneba. am saxelmZRva- 

neloebis moxmareba bilingvuri klasebisaTvis garkveuli meTodikis 

gaTva;liswinebas moiTxovs, rac teqstze muSaobis principebs gu- 

lisxmobs. 

teqstze muSaoba ramdenime etapad unda daiyos. pirveli etapi 

gulisxmobs maswavleblis muSaobas teqstze. maswavlebeli winaswar 

amzadebs teqsts klasisaTvis. amisaTvis igi iTvaliwinebs klasis 

enobriv dones, winaswar aanalizebs im problemebs, romlebic 

klasSi SeiZleba gaCndes teqstis damuSavebis procesSi. pirvel 

rigSi, unda moxdes teqstis enobrivi damuSaveba. amisaTvis maswav- 

lebelma sasurvelia gamoyos ramdenime mimarTuleba: 

terminebi 

da cnebebi 

zogadi 

leqsika 

frazebi konstruqciebi funqciuri 

43 

frazebi 

gakveTilis enac yoveli etapisaTvis winaswar unda daigegmos. 

maswavlebelma winaswar unda gaiazros, Tu romeli sakiTxis Sesax-

eb romel enaze isaubrebs an rogor miawodebs dasamuSavebel masa- 

las _ TargmaniT, sqemiT, zepiri ganmartebiT Tu sxva saSualebiT. 

ganvixiloT TiToeuli mimarTuleba: 

terminebi da cnebebi 

rogorc aRiniSna, maswavlebelma teqsti winaswar unda daamu- 

Saos. teqstis damuSavebisas calke unda gamoiyos is terminebi da 

cnebebi, romlebic mniSvnelovania axali sakiTxisaTvis. misi miwo- 

deba klasisaTvis SeiZleba saTanado ganmartebebiT moswavlis 

mSobliur enazec, magram umjobesia terminebisa da cnebebisaTvis 

grafikuli organizatorebis, sqemebis an cxrilebis gamoyeneba. es 

efeqturi saSualeba moswavles daexmareba ara marto terminebisa 

da cnebebis aTvisebaSi, aramed masalis kargad gaanalizebasac Seu- 

wyobs xels, radgan sagakveTilo procesis dasrulebis Semdeg an 

momdevno gakveTilze es masala saSualebas miscems moswavles, im- 

sjelos ganxilul sakiTxze sayrdeni sityvebis, gaanalizebuli 

cnebebisa da terminebi gamoiyenebiT. Tu arsebobs specialuri 

TvalsaCinoeba mocemul sakiTxze, sasurvelia maswavlebelma misi 

terminebi da cnebebi aseve calke daamuSavebinos klass, raTa, 

TvalsaCinoebaze dayrdnobiT, moswavlem advilad SeZlos termine- 

bis aTviseba da maTi msjelobaSi gamoyeneba. 

zogadi leqsika 

calke unda imuSaos maswavlebelma im sityvebze, romlebic 

uSualodaa dakavSirebuli sakiTxTan, magram warmoadgens zogad 

leqsikas, anu isini sxva sakiTxebze an sagnebSi msjelobisasac das- 

Wirdeba moswavles. maTi aTviseba aamaRlebs moswavleTa enobriv 

kompetencias. amgvari leqsika sasurvelia klass miewodos rogorc 

TargmaniT, ise ganmartebiTi axsniT, sinonimiTa da antonimiT. leq- 

sikis aTvisebisaTvis amgvari sqema SeiZleba gamoviyenoT. 

44

sityva 

frazebi 

sityva 

gavrcelebuli 

sityvaTSexameba 

ganmarteba 

teqstis winadadeba 

axali winadadeba 

sinonimi 

antonimi 

aseve, calke dasamuSavebelia frazebi, anu is Sesityvebebi, 

romlebic Temis analizisas da msjelobisas gamoadgeba moswavles. 

isini sayrdeni frazebis rols Seasruleben, amitom sasurvelia 

teqstidan calke amoviRoT isini da mivawodoT moswavles saTanado 

ganmartebiT (aq SesaZlebelia misi mSobliuri enac davixmaroT). 

unda gvaxsovdes, rom teqstis Targmna araefeqturi gzaa; amdenad, 

rac ufro metad damuSavdeba teqsti frazebis TvalsazrisiT da 

gamoiyofa calkeuli elementebi sagakveTilo procesSi, miT ufro 

45

gauadvildebaT maT SemdgomSi rogorc konkretul, mocemul masa- 

laze, ise sxva sakiTxebze msjeloba. calkeuli frazebi safuZvlia- 

nad unda damuSavdes, radgan isini im enobriv saSualebaTa ricxvs 

ganekuTvnebian, romlebic zrdis moswavlis mier enis akademiuri 

flobis dones da zogadad amaRlebs mis enobriv kompetencias. sa- 

survelia garkveuli frazebis gamoyenebiT Seiqmnas axali teqsti, 

rogorc werilobiT, ise zepirad, daisvas SekiTxvebi da ase Semdeg. 

konstruqciebi 

calkea dasamuSavebeli enobrivi konstruqciebi. maTSi igu- 

lisxmeba is gramatikuli sakiTxebi, romlebic metad mniSvnelovania 

gamarTuli msjelobisaTvis. mSobliuri enis matareblisaTvis es 

sruliad arasaWiro sferoa, magram enis SemswavlelisaTvis ki me- 

tad mniSvnelovani, radgan man momavalSi SeZlos ara marto sakiT- 

xis Sesaxeb azris gamoxatva, aramed SeZlos gamarTuli, salitera- 

turo enis normebis dacviT agebuli msjeloba, sworad gamoiyenos 

saxelis brunvis, zmnis, Tandebulis, ricxvis formebi... yovelive es 

sakiTxebze msjelobisas unda miewodos enis Semswavlels, radgan 

calkeul gramatikul sakiTxebze msjeloba misi gamoyenebis praqti- 

kul mxares ar gulisxmobs. aseTi konstruqciebi calke unda damu- 

Savdes, raTa moswavlem kargad gaacnobieros romeli enobrivi 

forma (brunva, ricxvi, Tandebuli, zmnis dro, sxva gramatikuli ka- 

tegoria) unda gamoiyenos konkretul SemTxvevaSi. aseTi konstruq- 

ciebis miwodebisas, ra Tqma unda, gramatikul sakiTxebze ki ar ga- 

maxvildeba yuradReba, aramed enobriv formebze, rogorc azris ga- 

moxatvis saSualebaze. konstruqciebSi maswavlebelma yuradReba 

unda gaamaxvilos imaze, rom es konkretuli konstruqcia moiTxovs 

konkretul brunvas, mocemul Tandebuls, Sesabamis ricxvis formas 

da ase Semdeg, Tumca sruliadac araa saWiro gramatikuli terminis 

gamoyeneba. aseTi konstruqciebi calke unda amoiweros da mos- 

wavles unda ganemartos, rom swori da gamarTuli msjelobisaTvis 

46

saWiroa maTi Seucvlelad gamoyeneba, radgan winaaRmdeg SemTxveva- 

Si azri damaxinjdeba an Seicvleba. magaliTisaTvis: am garemoebam 

gamoiwvia, sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovania, am problemis 

Taobaze, am movlenebma gamoiwvia saTanado Sedegi... calke gamota- 

nili aseTi konstruqciebi xels Seuwyobs moswavleTa gamarTuli 

metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas. 

funqciuri frazebi 

aseve calke unda damuSavdes da moswavleebs miewodoT is 

funqciuri frazebi, romlebic maswavlebels dasWirdeba sakiTxis 

axsnisas. magaliTad: vnaxoT cxrilze, daxazeT cxrili, SeavseT 

cxrili, SeusabameT swori forma, daakavSireT, daajgufeT, moaxdi- 

neT klasifikacia, miuwereT qarTuli Sesatyvisebi, sqemis / cxrilis 

mixedviT imsjeleT... da ase Semdeg. maTi ganmartebis gareSe mos- 

wavle ver SeZlebs davalebis sworad Sesrulebas. amdenad, maswav- 

lebelma winaswar unda gaTvalos, rogor warimarTeba teqstze mu- 

Saoba da moswavleebs specialurad, axsna-ganmartebiT unda miawo- 

dos is funqciuri frazebi, romlebic sagakveTilo procesSi das- 

WirdebaT, raTa aman SemdgomSi ar gamoiwvios Seferxeba. 

bilingvuri swavlebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxia 

teqstze muSaoba, radgan swored teqstia moswavlisaTvis sagnobri- 

vi codnis mimcemi da amave dros igi aris misi enobrivi kompeten- 

ciis amaRlebis umTavresi saSualeba, radgan enis akademiuri flo- 

bis dones mxolod am gziT vaRwevT. sxva SemTxvevaSi ena mxolod 

komunikaciis saSualebad darCeba enis SemswavlelisaTvis. amdenad, 

Tu teqstze muSaoba sworad ar warimarTa mizani verc erT sferoSi 

ver Sesruldeba da Tavad bilingvuri swavlebis formac safrTxis 

qveS dadgeba. es kargad unda axsovdes maswavlebels. 

47

2. grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba 

ian amos komenskim Tavis naSromSi `didi didaqtika~ didaqtikis 

erT-erT umTavresad TvalsaCinoebis principi miiCnia: òqros kano- 

nad unda iqces piroba: moswavleebs unda meceT ufleba, SeigrZnon 

yvelaferi, rac ki SesaZlebelia SeigrZnon SegrZnebebis doneze: 

xilvadi - mxedvelobiT, xma - smeniT, suni - ynosviT, gemo - gemoTi, 

Sesaxebi - SexebiT.~ 

ratom aris xilvadoba ase mniSvnelovani? 

komenskis azriT, ra enasac ar unda vaswavlideT _ mSobliur 

enasac ki _ unda vaCvenoT nivTebi, romelTa ganmartebac sityvebia 

da unda vaswavloT sityvebiT gamoTqma yvelafrisa, rasac vxedavT, 

rasac vexebiT, rasac vWamT, raTa metyvelebis procesi da azri yo- 

velTvis paralelurad mimdinareobdes da orive viTardebodes er- 

Tad. aravis ar SeiZleba wavakiTxoT is, rac mas ar esmis, an movT- 

xovoT imis ganxilva, ris gamoTqmac mas sityvebiT ar SeuZlia. 

vizualuri saSualebebi damxmare saswavlo saSualebebia, ro- 

melTac aCveneben, demonstrirebas ukeTeben gakveTilze, raTa ufro 

gasagebi da advilad aRsaqmeli gaxdes saswavlo masala, miwodebu- 

li informacia, Teoriuli azri da ase Semdeg. vizualur saSuale- 

bebs, Cveulebriv, saswavlo procesis garkveuli safexuris saWiroe- 

bebisa da moTxovnebis, aseve moswavleebis asakidan gamomdinare 

Tvisebebis Sesabamisad amzadeben. maT ajgufeben bunebriv, xelovnur 

da simbolur vizualur masalad. 

vizualuri masala SeiZleba iyos: 

a) bunebis obieqtebi (demonstrirebis dros, eqskursiebze da gaseir- 

nebis dros), 

48

) specialurad Seqmnili saSualebebi (plakatebi, sqemebi, gamosax- 

ulebebi, foto suraTebi, naxatebi, geometriuli figurebi, muliaJe- 

bi, grafikuli cxrilebi, tabulebi), 

g) simboluri saSualebebi (rukebi, globusebi), 

d) modelebi (aparatebi, xelsawyoebi), 

e) saekrano saSualebebi (kino filmebi, diafilmebi, diapozitivebi 

da sxva), 

v) audiovizualuri saSualebebi (video Canawerebi, audio Canawere- 

bi). 

jgufi: 

tradiciulad gamoiyeneba vizualuri swavlebis meTodis ori 

ilustrirebis meTodi (saswavlo masalis amsaxvel saSuale- 

bebTan dakavSirebuli - plakatebis, rukebis, naxazebis, sqeme- 

bis, gamosaxulebebis, fotosuraTebis, grafikebis, diagrame- 

bis, tabulebis - gamoyenebasTan); 

demonstrirebis meTodi (raTa naCvenebi iyos sivrciTi sas- 

wavlo saSualebebi); 

ilustrireba procesia, romlis mizania Teoriis garkveuli ka- 

noni an movlena ukeT gasagebi gaxados magaliTis, vizualuri saSu- 

alebebis, sityvieri ganmartebebis, moZraobis da ase Semdeg daxma- 

rebiT. 

demonstrireba SesaZlebelia vizualuri masalis damzadebis 

dros, saswavlo eqsperimentebis dros maT Sesaxeb Sefasebebis da 

ganmartebebis gziT, anu maswavleblis, moswavlis an sxva pirovnebis 

mier naTqvamis gamoyenebiT. demonstrireba Sesaswavli nivTis, ob- 

ieqtis, movlenis cocxlad dakvirvebis SesaZleblobas uzrunve- 

lyofs, amgvarad, Sesabamisi saswavlo masalis Sinaarsis ukeTesad 

gaazrebas da aTvisebas uwyobs xels. 

49

vizualuri saswavlo masalis gamoyeneba rom efeqturi 

gaxdes, mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes da gaviTvaliswinoT ramdenime 

piroba da moTxovna. 

saswavlo procesSi vizualuri meTodebis gamoyeneba moswav- 

leebis vizualur mxatvruli azrovnebis ganviTarebas uwyobs 

xels; aaqtiurebs yuradRebas da Semecnebis unars; konkreti- 

zacias ukeTebs saswavlo an gamosakvlev Teoriul sakiTxebs; 

nanax movlenebs ukeTebs sistematizebasa da klasificirebas; 

swavlisadmi interess ukeTebs stimulirebas (Sesabamisad, po- 

zitiuri motivaciis Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels); procesis da 

movlenebis modelirebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, romelTa 

realur droSi dakvirveba SeuZlebelia; saswavlo masalis 

aTvisebis donis Sesaxeb konkretuli informaciis miRebis Se- 

saZleblobas iZleva; 

ar SeiZleba xilvadoba TviTmiznad iqces. vizualuri masalis 

optimalurad gamoyeneba niSnavs amis mizandasaxulad keTebas, 

saswavlo gakveTilis mizanTan da ZiriTad davalebasTan kav- 

Siris gaTvaliswinebiT. xilvadobis meTodi unda daba- 

lansdes sxva meTodebis gamoyenebiT. 

xilvadoba SeiZleba axali saswavlo masalis axsnis dros 

iyos gamoyenebuli, aseve ukve naswavlis ganmtkicebisTvis da 

Sefasebis dros. mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes rom vizualuri 

masalis gamoyeneba gakveTilisTvis gamoyofili dros 

sagrZnoblad dazogvaSi gvexmareba. 

vizualuri masalis damzadeba SeuZlia maswavlebels (gamoye- 

nebis win an gamoyenebis dros) da aseve moswavleebs (indivi- 

dualurad an jgufebSi, wyvilebSi muSaobaSi). damzadebul 

masalaSi maswavlebels Tavisufali adgilebis datoveba 

SeuZlia, romelic Semdgom moswavles SeeZleba Seavsos (miax- 

atos, miaweros rame, an raimes saxeli daarqvas). 

50

vizualuri masalis gamoyenebis dros unda darwmundeT, rom 

mas yvela moswavle kargad xedavs. 

mniSvnelovania moswavleebis asakobrivi jgufisTvis damax- 

asiaTebeli Tvisebebis gaTvaliswineba, mexsierebis dominanti 

saxeobebi. 

bilingvuri swavlisa da swavlebis dros gansakuTrebiT 

mniSvnelovania grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba. es xerxi 

kargad Seesabameba ori saswavlo sagnis swavlebis miznebs (meore 

enisa da raime sxva sagnisa). grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyene- 

biT, maswavlebeli uzrunvelyofs rogorc sagnis masalis, aseve 

enis aTvisebis warmatebulobas. 

grafikuli organizatorebi da maTi funqciebi: 

grafikuli organizatorebi informaciis struqturirebis 

xerxia _ mowesrigebis (dajgufebis) uniSvnelovanesi xerxi. 

grafikuli organizatorebi informacias vizualurad gvaCve- 

neben. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba aqtiur swavlas 

uwyobs xels. magaliTad: saSinao davalebis (savarjiSoebis) 

Sesrulebis dros, moswavleebi im enas iyeneben, romelzec 

laparakoben, kiTxuloben, weren, ismenen, fiqroben, xolo in- 

formaciis grafikulad ganlagebis dros isini iyeneben ro- 

gorc nacnob, aseve ucnob informacias. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba maswavlebels da 

moswavles Soris TanamSromlobas, anu kooperatiul swavle- 

bas, uwyobs xels,. 

grafikuli organizatorebi gvexmareba teqstis vizualurad 

mowesrigebaSi (mis gagebaSi). maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleba: 

1) teqstis an axali masalis wakiTxvis win, 

51

2) wakiTxvis Semdeg, 

3) weris an davalebis werilobiT Sesrulebis win, 

4) teqstis an davalebis ganxilvis dros, 

5) diskusiis dros, 

6) daskvnebis gakeTebis procesSi da a.S. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba moswavlis saswavlo 

Temis Sesaxeb arsebuli codnis dadgenaSi (gaazrebaSi) gvex- 

mareba, aseve _ axali codnis aTvisebisTvis moswavleebis 

momzadebaSi. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyenebis dros, moswavle da 

maswavlebeli erTmaneTisgan swavloben (masalasac, erTmane- 

Tis gagebas da erTmaneTTan urTierTobas). bilingvuri swav- 

lis procesSi aseT TanamSromlobas gansakuTrebuli mniSv- 

neloba aqvs. moswavleebi sakuTari codnis struqturirebas 

swavloben da aqedan gamomdinare swavlis sakuTar strate- 

gias irCeven. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba rogorc vizualuri, 

aseve sityvieri (verbaluri) informaciis gamoyenebas ganapi- 

robebs. es moswavleebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs airCion, vari- 

reba gaukeTon swavlis stils, sakuTari SesaZleblobebis 

gaTvaliswinebiT. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyenebis upiratesobebi: 

SegviZlia gamoviyenoT iseT auditoriaSi, romelSic 

moswavleebis enis codnis done sxvadasxvaa. 

SegviZlia gamoviyenoT iseT auditoriaSi, romelSic 

moswavleebis aTvisebis unaris done sxvadasxvaa. 

SegviZlia ganvaviTaroT da gavafarTooT leqsikuri 

maragi. 

52

moswavlis codnas awesrigebs, xels uwyobs misi disku- 

siis unarisa da SesaZleblobis ganviTarebas, aseve sa- 

kuTari azris da mis xelT arsebuli informaciis ga- 

moTqmis. 

im moswavleTa azrisa da enis integrirebas uwyobs 

xels, romelTac gansxvavebuli (sxvadasxva) swavlis 

stili aqvT. 

ufro xelmisawvdoms xdis nebismieri saxis (esoden 

rTul, specifikur da ucxo) informacias (saswavlo sa- 

gans). 

ras unda mivaqcioT yuradReba grafikuli organizatorebis gamoye- 

nebis dros? 

yuradReba unda mieqces mTavar informacias, cnebebs, azrebs: 

mTavari unda gamoikveTos (ufro didi asoebi an naxatebi, 

ufro mkveTri feriT gaxazuli an gaferadebuli), naklebad 

mniSvnelovani ufro patara asoebiT, an sxvanairad unda dai- 

weros (weris mimarTulebis Secvla SeiZleba). 

grafikuli organizatorebi sxvadasxva moswavlis individua- 

luri gamocdilebisa da codnis dadgenis SesaZleblobas 

gvaZlevs, Semdgom am informaciaze dayrdnobiT axali codnis 

miRebis SesaZleblobas. es swavlis process realurad amar- 

tivebs da aadvilebs. 

xeli SeuwyveT cnebebis da zogadi saxelebis ganviTarebas! 

grafikuli organizatorebi gviCveneben mTavar azrs, Sesabami- 

si leqsikis daxmarebiT. daexmareT moswavleebs cnebebis Se- 

madgeneli nawilebis (atributebis) danaxvaSi. mizani aris ga- 

geba da swavla, amitom gamoiyeneT iseTi sityvebis maragi, 

53

omlebic ganmartavs, azustebs, ilustrirebas ukeTebs in- 

formacias. 

xSirad gamoiyeneT wera, kiTxva, azrovneba! 

moswavleebs rom grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba an 

Sedgena SeeZloT, maT bevri unda ikiTxon, ifiqron da weron. 

roca moswavleebi grafikulad asaxaven informacias an kama- 

Toben mis Sesaxeb, maT uwevT masalis gadakiTxva, erTmaneTSi 

molaparakeba, saubari, damtkiceba, Sesabamisad xedaven movle- 

naTa urTierT kavSirs, urTierTobas, movlenebis ganviTare- 

bas, mizezebsa da Sedegebs. 

wera exmareba da xelSemwyobia dagegmarebisa da ganxilvisa! 

grafikuli organizatorebi efeqturi saSualebaa diskusiis 

principiT muSaobis, gegmis Sedgenis, weris organizebis dros. 

yvelafris Caweris Semdeg SegviZlia naSromis Sinaarsis daj- 

gufeba da gadaxarisxeba. 

ganaviTareT mimdinare diskusia! 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba azrebs mimarTulebas 

aZlevs. moswavleebi avTentur enas xmaroben - interpretire- 

bis, analizis, problemis gadawyvetis, daTanxmebis, ardaTanx- 

mebis, TanamSromlobis, Secdomebis daSvebis dros - saswavlo 

masalidan romelime specifikuri Temis Seswavlis procesSi. 

instruqciebis an grafikuli organizatorebis micemis dros 

Tqven exmarebiT dagegmvaSi. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyenebiT maswavlebeli mos- 

wavleebs aCvenebs mTavars raime Temis, cnebis Sesaxeb da 

xerxs, Tu rogor SeiZleba axali informaciis aTviseba. igi 

faqtobrivad rCevas an instruqcias iZleva, Tu rogor SeiZ- 

leba swavlis gagrZeleba (rogor SeiZleba am Temis aTviseba). 

54

grafikuli organizatorebi Sefasebis instrumentia. grafi- 

kuli organizatorebi moswavlis codnis, Segnebis, swavlis, 

fiqris donis obieqturad Sefasebis SesaZleblobas iZleva. 

55

3. Secdomebze muSaoba 

enis Seswavlis procesSi Secdomebi gardauvalia. igi enis aT- 

visebis Tanamdevi movlenaa. Sesaswavl enaze metyvelebis unaris 

ganviTareba aucileblad iwvevs Secdomebs, romlebic sxvadasxva 

faqtorebiTaa ganpirobebuli: rTulia Sesaswavli enis fonematuri 

struqturis srulad aTviseba da misi realizeba, sawarmoTqmo apa- 

ratis morgeba axali enis monacemebTan, aseve xdeba mSobliuri enis 

yalibis meqanikuri gadatana axal enobriv sistemaSi, an adgili aqvs 

konstruqciis arasrulad aTvisebas da miRebuli codnis arasrul- 

fasovnad gadatanas praqtikaSi. es da sxva mravali sakiTxi gansa- 

kuTrebulad TvalsaCinoa saklaso muSaobisas. rogor unda moiqces 

maswavlebeli? reagirebis gareSe datovos Secdomebi Tu meyseulad 

mianiSnos masze moswavles? mxolod gausworos Secdoma Tu imsje- 

los TiToeul maTganze? ra dro dauTmos Secdomebis analizs? Se- 

moitanos axali masala Tu isev imuSaos im masalaze, romelic jer 

kidev ar auTvisebia moswavles ise, rom ar dauSvas Secdoma? yvela 

Secdomaze hqondes reaqcia maswavlebels Tu mxolod zogierTze an 

SerCeviT imsjelos TiToeulze? ra dro dauTmos Secdomebis ana- 

lizs da rogor miawodos is klass? individualurad unda moxdes 

moswavleTa mier daSvebuli Secdomebis analizi Tu igi saklaso 

ganxilvis sagani unda gaxdes? _ es kiTxvebi da maTze pasuxis ga- 

cema mniSvnelovania saswavlo procesis srulyofilad agebisaTvis 

da sagakveTilo procesSi maswavleblis qmedebis sworad warmarT- 

visaTvis. 

pirveli da mniSvnelovani piroba, romelic unda Sesruldes, 

aris is, rom moswavle, romelic cdilobs Sesaswavl enaze martivi 

komunikaciis agebas da axerxebs Tundac elementarul komunikacias, 

56

ar unda SevaferxoT; anu am SemTxvevaSi uSecdomo metyveleba an 

Secdomebis analizi ki araa mTavari, aramed is, rom Sesaswavl 

enaze metyvelebis survili gavuCinoT enis Semswavlels / mos- 

wavles. es metad mniSvnelovani fsiqologiuri faqtoria, radgan 

enis Seswavlisas yvelas uviTardeba kompleqsi imisa, rom igi aras- 

worad an arasrulyofilad gadmoscems azrs. Tu maswavlebeli am 

SemTxvevaSi yovel Secdomaze reagirebs, sasurveli Sedegis nac- 

vlad, rom moswavlem gamarTulad ilaparakos, SesaZloa sruliad 

sapirispiro Sedegi miviRoT _ moswavles daekargeba Sesaswavl 

enaze metyvelebis survili. 

aRsaniSnavia is, rom Secdomebi mosalodnelia yvela doneze, 

magram sxvadasxva doneze Secdomebi sxvadasxvagvari iqneba. enis 

Seswavlis pirvelive safexurze Cndeba sawarmoTqmo problemebi. Se- 

saswavli enis fonematuri struqtura erTbaSad Zneli aRsaqmeli da 

warmosaTqmelia. miT ufro, es exeba specifikuri bgerebis sworad 

gamoTqmas. Semdgom etapze Tavs iCens sxvadasxvagvari gramatikuli 

sakiTxi. Secdomebi mudmivad vlindeba weraSi. yvela am sakiTxs 

etapobrivad da mizanmimarTulad unda damuSaveba. Secdomebze mu- 

Saoba saswavlo procesis ganuyofel nawilad unda iqces. enis 

swavlebisas Secdomebi gardauvalia, amdenad saswavlo procesis 

sworad dagegmva gulisxmobs Secdomebze specialur muSaobas. amg- 

varad dagegmili saqmianoba ki safuZveli gaxdeba, erTi mxriv, enis 

komunikaciuri aspeqtis ganviTarebisa, xolo meore mxriv, igi gana- 

viTarebs da aamaRlebs enis akademiuri flobis dones. 

Secdomebze muSaoba warmoTqmaSi 

sawarmoTqmo problemebi Tavs iCens enis swavlebis pirvelive 

dRidan, magram maTi gamosworeba mcire droSi ar moxdeba, rac ar 

unda gaZlierebuli da intensiuri muSaoba Catardes am mxriv. enis 

codnis donis amaRlebasTan erTad sawarmoTqmo problemebic mcir- 

57

deba, magram igi yovelTvis SeiZleba darCes aqcentis saxiT, anu 

srulyofilad swori warmoTqmac verasodes ganxorcieldes. ramde- 

nadac es SeiZleba ganvixiloT mkveTrad individualuri Tvisebebisa 

da unarebis gamovlenad, amdenad misi srulad daZleva mxolod in- 

dividis SesaZleblobebs SeiZleba mivandoT. zogierTi individi bu- 

nebrivi smenisa da sxva unar-Cvevebis Sedegad enis aTvisebis para- 

lelurad axerxebs sawarmoTqmo aparatis srulyofas da uaqcento 

metyvelebas, zogisaTvis ki es mudmiv maxasiaTeblad rCeba, Tumca 

SesaZloa, misi enobrivi kompetencia maRalic ki iyos. amdenad, sa- 

warmoTqmo problemebis analizisas unda moxdes mxolod ZiriTad 

problemebze aqcentireba. rogorc cnobilia, bgeris umTavresi max- 

asiaTebeli misi sityvaTganmasxvavebeli funqciaa _ bgeraTa Canac- 

vlebiT SeiZleba miviRoT sruliad gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobis si- 

tyva. amitom enis SemswavlelTan gansakuTrebulad unda mieqces yu- 

radReba amgvar problemebs enaSi da masze specialurad Seiqmnas 

savarjiSoebi, raTa sawarmoTqmo problema ar gadaizardos enobriv 

problemaSi. amisaTvis: 

specialurad damuSavdes Sesaswavli enis fonematuri struq- 

tura enis Semswavlelis mSobliur enasTan mimarTebiT da ga- 

moiyos gansxvavebuli bgerebi; am bgeraTa gamoyenebiT Seiqmnas 

winadadebebi da mcire zomis martivi, araavTenturi teqstebi, 

romlebsac gamoviyenebT rogorc sawarmoTqmo miznebisaTvis, 

ise karnaxisa da werisaTvis. yoveli nacionaluri jgufisaT- 

vis unda ganisazRvros SecdomaTa mosalodneli tipebi. maga- 

liTad, Turqul da azerbaijanulenovan moswavleebs, agreTve 

evropuli enebis umravles warmomadgenlebs uZneldebaT qar- 

Tuli enis yru mkveTr TanxmovanTa warmoTqma, rogorebicaa: p, 

t, k; rusulenovan enis Semswavlels gauWirdeba yru fSvin- 

vierebis warmoTqma: f, T, q. aseve rTulia afrikatebis (Z, c, w, 

j, C, W) warmoTqma zemoTCamoTvlili enebis warmomadgenle- 

58

isTvis, magram somxurenovani moswavlisaTvis es ar warmoad- 

gens gansakuTrebul problemas. qarTulisaTvis specifikuria 

enisZirismieri y Tanxmovani da misi sworad warmoTqma 

xangrZliv, SesaZloa dauZlevel problemadac ki darCes qar- 

Tuli enis SemswavlelisaTvis. amdenad am problemebze auci- 

leblad unda gamaxvildes yuradReba, magram srulyofili 

warmoTqmis survilma ar unda Seaferxos enis Seswavlis 

procesi da arc enis Semswavlels unda gauCndes iseTi gan- 

wyoba, rom es dauZleveli procesia. Tu Secdomebi ar cvlis 

sityvis mniSvnelobas, maTze specialurad yuradRebis gamax- 

vileba arcaa saWiro, radgan amgvari problemebi enobrivi 

kompetenciis amaRlebasTan erTad TandaTan Semcirdeba. 

gamoiyos iseTi bgerebi, romelTa araswori gamoyeneba gamoiw- 

vevs sityvis mniSvnelobis cvlas. qarTulisaTvis aseTia: p - 

f: papa - fafa, piri _ firi, puri _ furi, poni _ foni, paqti _ 

faqti... T _ t: Tari _ tari, Taro _ taro, TuSi _ tuSi... q _ 

k: qudi _ kudi, qari _ kari, qera _ kera, qula _ kula... c _ 

w: celi _ weli, curavs _ wuravs... C _ W: Ciri _ Wiri, Cala _ 

Wala... g _ R: gori _ Rori, gvari _ Rvari, gomi _ Romi, go- 

nieri _ Ronieri... R - y: Ria _ yia, Rele _ yeli... da ase Sem- 

deg. sasurvelia, enis Semswavlels sakiTxav da sawarmoTqmo 

masalad winaswar mivawodoT aseTi sityvebi, raTa man, erTi 

mxriv, yuradReba gaamaxvilos maT sworad warmoTqmaze da 

meore mxriv, Tavad icodes mosalodneli Secdomis arseboba. 

am sityvaTa gamoyenebiT sasurvelia, Seiqmnas winadadebebi an 

mcire moculobis teqstebi, romelTa gamoyeneba SeiZleba sa- 

kiTxavad, smenisa da gagebis unaris gasaumjobeseblad, kar- 

naxiT werisaTvis. aseve mizanSewonili iqneba Casasmeli sa- 

varjiSoebis miwodebac, romlebSic Tavad unda gansazRvros 

sityvis konteqsturi mniSvneloba da Tavad unda SearCios 

59

mocemul sityvaTagan erT-erTi. aseve mniSvnelovania specia- 

luri mizniT Seqmnili audio masalis miwodeba an maswav- 

leblis mier warmoTqmuli calkeuli sityvebisa da teqstebis 

demonstrireba. 

momzaddes specialuri savarjiSoebi sawarmoTqmo aparatis 

dasaxvewad; amisaTvis SeiZleba misaRebi iyos ènis gasatexeb- 

ic~, magram aq unda gaviTvaliswinoT is, rom enis gasatexis 

yvela sityva advilad asaxsneli da gasagebi unda iyos enis 

SemswavlelisaTvis. 

swavlebis procesSi sasurvelia maswavlebelma CainiSnos is 

Secdomebi, romlebsac warmoTqmisas uSveben moswavleebi da 

Semdgom Seqmnas specialuri savarjiSoebi maTTvis. amgvari 

savarjiSoebis SesaZlo tipebis: TvalsaCinoeba, romelzedac 

moxdeba swori da araswori formebis gamijvna (ra aris ga- 

moxatuli suraTze: qari Tu kari?, romelia wigni da romeli 

ciga?...), demonstrirebaze dayrdnobiT gameoreba, simReris an 

leqsis audioCanaweris mosmena da Semdgom moswavleebis mier 

imave teqstis gameoreba... es ukanaskneli SesaZloa xSirad Ta- 

vad maswavlebelma Seasrulos: mis mier wakiTxul an war- 

moTqmul teqsts imeoreben moswavleebi. 

moiZebnos masala (leqsebi, simRerebi...), romlebic gamosadegi 

iqneba sawarmoTqmo daniSnulebiT. 

aseve didi mniSvneloba eqneba multiplikaciuri da mxatvru- 

li filmebis naxvas specialuri davalebebiT (magaliTad, 

kiTxva-pasuxi: ra Tqva am gmirma? ra upasuxa meorem?...). 

Secdomebze muSaoba zepirmetyvelebaSi 

rogorc ukve iTqva, maswavleblis pirveli rigis amocanaa, rom 

ar Seawyvetinos moswavles metyveleba daSvebuli Secdomebis gamo. 

magram amave dros: 

60

maswavlebelma unda CainiSnos Secdomebi; 

maswavlebelma unda moaxdinos SecdomaTa klasifikacia; 

unda ganisazRvros SecdomaTa tipebi enis kompetenciis mixed- 

viT, anu moxdes im sakiTxebis gamoyofa, romelzedac yura- 

dRebis miqceva SesaZlebeli iqneba enis flobis konkretuli 

donisaTvis; 

Seiqmnas specialuri savarjiSoebi, testebi mosalodneli 

Secdomebis gamosasworeblad; 

asakisa da enis flobis donis mixedviT daigegmos samuSaoebi 

klasSi Sesasruleblad (maswavleblis saubari, specialuri 

ganmarteba, axsna, analizi...). 

gramatikul Secdomebze muSaoba 

gramatikuli Secdomebis gamosworeba metad xangrZlivi pro- 

cesia da igi gansakuTrebul muSaobas moiTxovs rogorc maswav- 

leblis, ise enis Semswavlelis mxridan. 

maswavlebelma unda CainiSnos yvela is Secdoma, romelsac 

moswavleebi uSveben zepirmetyvelebisas Tu werisas. magram yvela 

Secdomis analizi, bunebrivia, ver moxdeba erTbaSad, radgan igi 

moiTxovs rogorc enobrivi kompetenciis garkveul dones, ise ga- 

saTvaliswinebelia asakobrivi sakiTxic, radgan arsebobs Secdoma- 

Ta meqanikuri da gaazrebuli daZlevis gzebi. dawyebiTi klasebis 

moswavleebs sasurvelia mxolod swori forma mivawodoT xSirad 

daSvebuli Secdomebis sanacvlod da specialuri analizis gareSe 

mivaRwioT maT gamosworebas. asakobrivi da enobrivi kompetenciis 

zrdasTan erTad TandaTanobiT moxdeba enobrivi struqturisa da 

enobrivi meqanizmebis gaazreba da SecdomaTa safuZvlian analizs 

mxolod am SemTxvevaSi eqneba azri. 

gramatikuli Secdomebis analizisas mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, 

Tu ra iwvevs am tipis Secdomas. am SemTxvevaSi ramdenime aspeqti 

61

unda gaviTvaliswinoT: Secdoma SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos mSobli- 

uri enis analogiT, radgan enis Semswavlels pirdapir gadmoaqvs 

Tavisi enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli konstruqcia Sesaswavl enaSi; 

gramatikul Secdomebs iwvevs enobrivi kompetenciis dabali done, 

anu Sesaswavli enis struqturis arcodna da enobrivi meqanizmebis 

gauTvaliswinebloba. 

rogor unda vimuSaoT gramatikul Secdomebze? 

pirvel rigSi unda moxdes SecdomaTa klasifikacia, magali- 

Tad: Secdomebi piris formaTa sworad gamoyenebis sakiTxSi, 

zmnis droTa formebis warmoebaSi, Secdomebi zmnur kon- 

struqciebSi, anu zmnasTan dakavSirebul saxelTa formebis 

sworad gamoyeneba, rTuli winadadebebis konstruqciebis 

Sedgena Tu sxva tipisa... 

sasurvelia Seiqmnas TvalsaCinoeba _ sqemebi, cxrilebi... 

romlebic asaxaven, rogorc Sesaswavli enis Taviseburebebs, 

aseve moaxdenen mosalodnel SecdomaTa sapirispirod swori 

formebis gaaqtiurebas; 

unda Seiqmnas specialuri savarjiSoebi TiToeuli sakiTxi- 

saTvis: Casma, swori formis SerCeva, areuli Tanmimdevrobis 

dalageba, zmnis, winadadebis, teqstis gadayvana sxva drois / 

piris formaSi, kiTxva-pasuxi pirTa formebis gaaqtiurebiT, 

minidialogis Sedgena mocemuli formebis gamoyenebiT, situ- 

aciuri TamaSebi Sesaswavli formebis gamoyenebiT, gamonakli- 

sebze specialuri muSaoba da ase Semdeg... 

mocemuli formebis gamoyenebiT winadadebebi an teqstis Sed- 

gena; 

informaciis gameoreba da axali winadadebis / informaciis 

damateba; 

dialogis Sedgena mocemuli an gansaxilveli formebis ga- 

moyenebiT (wyvilebSi muSaoba)... 

62

gramatikuli Secdomebze muSaobis erT-erTi efeqturi gzaa 

funqciuri gramatikis sakiTxebis miwodeba enis SemswavlelTaT- 

vis. igi gansakuTrebulad avlens gramatikis praqtikul daniS- 

nulebas da amave dros aviTarebs enobriv kompetenciebs komuni- 

kaciuri situaciebis mixedviT. 

Secdomebze muSaoba weris mimarTulebiT 

weriTi davalebebi metad mniSvnelovania rogorc uSualod 

weris unar-Cvevis, ise zogadad enobrivi kompetenciis ganviTarebi- 

saTvis. weris procesi metyvelebasTan SedarebiT nela da pasiuri 

codnis gaaqtiurebiT mimdinareobs, ramdenadac enis Semswavlels / 

moswavles sakmarisi dro aqvs azris gadmosacemad mis mier aTvise- 

buli masalidan gaazrebulad SearCios formebi. amdenad werisas 

daSvebuli Secdomebi saukeTeso indikatoria gaazrebuli codnis 

doneze arsebul problemaTa gamosavlenad. Tu weriT namuSevarSi 

Secdomebi mravladaa, es aSkarad aCvenebs, rom enis Semswavleli- 

saTvis garkveuli sakiTxebi jer kidev dauZlevelia. amdenad, weri- 

sas daSvebul Secdomebze mizanmimarTulad unda imuSaos rogorc 

enis Semswavlelmac, aseve maswavlebelma. 

weriTi davalebebis saxiT moswavles SesaZloa sxvadasxva sa- 

muSao mieces da TiToeuli maTgani Tavisebur midgomasa da muSao- 

bas moiTxovs. upirveles yovlisa ki unda aRiniSnos, rom didi 

mniSvneloba eniWeba weriTi namuSevris kargad gamoyenebas Secdoma- 

Ta analizisaTvis. amitom maswavlebelma aucileblad unda mianiS- 

nos yvela Secdomaze, xolo Semdgom gamokveTilad unda miuTiTos 

swori forma an azris gamoxatvis swori enobrivi saSualebebi. vi- 

zualizaciis es xerxi kargi saSualebaa moswavlisaTvis sakuTar 

SecdomaTa gasaanalizeblad. 

dawyebiT safexurze efeqturia karnaxi, radgan igi avlens im 

problemebs, romlebic mosmenis, gagebis, enis fonematuri struqtu- 

63

isa da orTografiis gaazrebis dones avlens. karnaxi kargad ga- 

moavlens, ra problemebia bgeraTa aRqmisa da sworad weris Tval- 

sazrisiT. 

weriTi davalebis erT-erTi saxeobas warmoadgens winadadebe- 

bisa da teqstebis Sedgena. am SemTxvevaSi vlindeba gramatikuli 

problemebi, rac aseve unda gaxdes Secdomebis gasworebisa da ana- 

lizi safuZveli. rveulSi, specialur adgilze, gamokveTilad, um- 

jobesia sqematurad da TvalsaCinod, saTiTaod unda gamoikveTos 

yvela Secdoma swori variantis CvenebiT. 

M metad efeqturi saSualebaa, moswavleTa mier Secdome- 

bis gasworeba. amisaTvis rveulSi unda gamoiyos adgili Secdomebis 

gasworebisaTvis, sadac moswavle Tavadve dawers Secdomis sanac- 

vlod swor, gamarTul variants. 

mokled, Secdomebis analizi weris mimarTulebiT amgvarad 

SeiZleba warmovidginoT: 

karnaxi da misi analizi; 

weriTi davaleba da misi analizi; 

naweris gasworebisas mieniSnos yvela Secdoma swori formis 

miTiTebiT; 

gamoiyos specialuri adgili Secdomebis gasworebisaTvis; 

Seiqmnas specialuri davalebebi, teqstebi tipur SecdomaTa 

gaanalizebisaTvis. 

dasasrul, kidev erTxel mivubrundeT im SekiTxvebs, romleb- 

ic daisva da sakiTxis gaTvaliswinebiT maT mokled gavceT pa- 

suxi: 

amdenad, Secdomebi reagirebis gareSe ar unda darCes, magram 

TiToeul maTganze dauyovneblivi reagireba Seaferxebs moswav- 

lis metyvelebis process. amitom sasurvelia, maswavlebelma Cai- 

niSnos Secdomebi, moaxdinos maTi klasifikacia da Semdgom 

gaaanalizos isini. enis Seswavlis sawyis safexurze SeiZleba 

64

mxolod mieniSnos swori formis Sesaxeb. aseve efeqturi iqneba 

TvalsaCinoebebis, gansakuTrebiT ki sqemebis, gamoyeneba. enobrivi 

kompetenciis zrdasTan erTad ki sasurvelia SecdomaTa analizi 

da maTze garkveuli msjeloba. SecdomaTa klasifikaciis Semdeg 

maswavlebelma enis aTvisebis procesSi TandaTanobiT unda gaaa- 

nalizos Secdomebi da igi etapobrivad miawodos klass. araa 

aucilebeli Secdomebis analizs mTeli sagakveTilo procesi 

daeTmos, an garkveuli TanamimdevrobiT moxdes maTze msjeloba. 

piriqiT, maTi gaanalizeba SeniSvnis xasiaTs unda atarebdes. 

aseve aucilebelia specialuri savarjiSoebis Sedgena, romleb- 

Sic ukve gaanalizebuli Secdomebis praqtikaSi gadatana moxde- 

ba. es kidev erTxel gamoavlens imas, ramdenad sworad iyeneben 

ganxilul formebs. sasurvelia Secdomebi mTel klasTan erTad 

gaanalizdes da ara individualurad, Tumca weris mimarTulebiT 

amas mainc individualuri xasiaTi eZleva. 

65

4. bilingvuri gakveTilis Sefaseba 

B bilingvuri swavlebis procesis Sefasebisas gansakuTrebuli 

yuradReba eqceva Tavad swavlebis processa da swavlebis 

strategiebs (formatuli Sefaseba) da Sedegebs (Semajamebeli 

Sefaseba). amisaTvis gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva xerxi, kerZod: 

dakvirveba, interviu, testebi da sxva. producirebis unarebis 

Sefaseba gulisxmobs pasuxs Semdeg kiTxvebze: 

ra informaciis / sametyvelo funqciis gamoyeneba Seu- 

ZliaT mSobliur da meore enaze moswavleebs Secdome- 

biT Tu uSecdomod (dasaxuli amocanebis Sesrulebis 

Sefaseba)? 

visTan _ maswavleblebTan, TanatolebTan da stumrebTan 

_ SeuZliaT urTierTqmedeba (komunikaciis problema)? 

rogoria maTi lingvisturi unarebi (enobrivi konstruq- 

ciebis aTvisebis donis Sefaseba da ara Secdomebis aR- 

nusxva)? 

SemfasebelTa amocanebSi unda Sediodes saswavlo procesis 

analizi (dakvirveba klasSi), maswavleblis / moswavleebis / 

mSoblebis urTierTobebi, saswavlo masalebi, aseve moswavleTa 

kompetenciebis testireba (formatuli / Semajamebeli). klasSi 

dakvirvebisas yuradReba unda mieqces ara marto moswavleebis, 

aramed maswavleblis qcevasac: ra gavlenas axdens is moswavleebze 

da rodis da rogor iyenebs enebs? rogor qmnis motivacias? rogor 

reagirebs Secdomebze? Secdomebis gasworebis rogor formebs 

iyenebs: modelirebas (swori formis Tanamimdevruli da xSiri 

gameoreba Secdomebis pirdapiri Sesworebis gareSe) Tu xelaxla 

66

formulirebas (moswavlis SecdomiT naTqvamis sworad da gasagebad 

formulireba)? rogor aris organizebuli saswavlo procesi? 

moswavleTa progresis Sesafaseblad bilingvur skolaSi 

yuradReba unda mieqces maT miRwevebs saganSi. bilingvur skolaSi 

moswavles xuTi weli mainc sWirdeba imisaTvis, rom igi daeuflos 

meore enas sagnebis Sesaswavlad. Aam xangrZlivobis gamo moswavles 

SeiZleba gauCndes sakuTari ususurobis gancda, Camouyalibdes 

dabali TviTSefaseba. am problemis gadasawyvetad arsebobs ori 

gza: pirveli _ bilingvuri klasis moswavleTa Sefaseba 

specialurad maTTvis Sedgenili standartebis mixedviT. am midgomam 

SeiZleba mSoblebisa da sagnebis maswavlebelTa gamoiwvios, radgan 

maTi survilia, moswavlis Sedegebi Seesabamebodes saxelmwifo 

standarts. amis gamo aucilebeli xdeba Cveulebrivi skolebisaTvis 

kuTvnili testebis gamoyeneba. Mmagram, amasTan, unda vifiqroT 

testebSi garkveuli cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, aseTi 

SeiZleba iyos orenovani testi. aseve SeiZleba moswavleebs 

SeiZleba mieceT damatebiTi dro, neba davrToT, isargeblon 

leqsikonebiT an gavumartivoT testuri davalebebis pirobebi. 

vafasebT ra bilingvur programebs, ar unda 

SemovifargloT mxolod enobrivi unarebis SefasebiT. unda 

Sefasdes Sinaarsi, mizani da meTodika. 

ras 

vafasebT? 

qvemoT gTavazobT savaraudo CamonaTvalis cxrils: 

moswavleTa 

Sefaseba 

kompetencias 

mSobliur enaSi; 

kompetencias sa- 

ganSi; 

67 

bilingvuri 

swavlebis 

komponentebis 

Sefaseba 

swavlebis meTodika; 

saswavlo Sinaarsi; 

maswavlebelTa ur- 

TierToba moswavle- 

bilingvuri 

modelis 

Sefaseba 

modelis efeq- 

turoba; 

bilingvuri 

swavlebis mas-

vin 

afasebs? 

kompetencias meore 

enaSi; 

motivacias; 

sxva kompetenciebi 

(kognituri unare- 

bi, socialuri un- 

arebi, sxva saswav- 

lo una-rebi); 

maswavleble-bi; 

saatestacio / saga- 

mocdo komisia. 

mizani moswavleTa Zlieri 

rogor 

vafasebT? 

da susti mxare- 

ebis gamovlena; 

standartis Sede- 

gebis miRweva; 

informacia mSo- 

belTaTvis; 

SerCeva. 

kiTxvarebi; 

testebi; 

interviu; 

dakvirveba. 

ebTan. wavlebelTa 

damkvirvebelTa jgufi. 

xarisxis kontroli; 

masalebis gadamuSa- 

veba; 

maswavlebelTa mom- 

zadebis done. 

interviu; 

dakvirveba klasSi 

Catarebul samuSa- 

oebze; 

zepirmetyvelebis 

analizi; 

saswavlo masalebis 

analizi. 

68 

momzadeba. 

gare monitor- 

ingis jgufi. 

gadawyvetilebis 

miReba modelis 

SenarCuneba / 

arSenarCunebaze, 

ganviTarebaze. 

saswavlo prog- 

ramebisanali- zi; 

kiTxvarebi; 

kvlevebi. 

gakveTilis Sefasebisas, rekomendebulia, rom maswavleblebma 

upasuxon Semdeg kiTxvebs: 

miRweuli iyo Tu ara gakveTilis gamokveTili miznebi?

SerCeuli strategiebis saSualebiT ramdenad moxerxda gakveTi- 

lis winaSe dasmuli amocanebis gadaWra? 

Seesabameba Tu ara gakveTilisaTvis gamoyofili drois gadana- 

wileba realur SesaZleblobebs da moswavleTa moTxovnebs? 

rogor gamoiyeneben moswavleebi gakveTilze miRebul codnas 

momavalSi? 

ra SeiZleboda gakeTebuliyo sxvagvarad? 

TviTSefaseba 

imisaTvis, rom moswavle SeeCvios sakuTari pasuxis Semowme- 

bas, Camouyalibdes Secdomis mimarT swori damokidebuleba, daZ- 

lios SiSi Secdomis winaSe, xSirad unda mivceT sakuTari namuSev- 

ris Sefasebis saSualeba. TviTSefaseba mas exmareba imis gacnobie- 

rebaSi, rom Secdomebis aRiareba da gamosworeba winsvlis aucile- 

beli pirobaa. TviTSefasebiT igi grZnobs met valdebulebas da 

cdilobs iyos maqsimalurad obieqturi. 

TviTSefasebis ramdenime xerxi arsebobs. yvelaze gavrcele- 

bulia swor pasuxebTan moswavleebis pasuxebis Sedareba. moswav- 

leebi am Sedarebis gziT Tavad aRmoaCenen sakuTar Secdomebs da 

Semdeg aanalizeben, ratom dauSves es Secdomebi, ris codna da- 

akldaT, ra ver gaiTvaliswines, iqneb koncentracia ver moaxerxes 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT an marTebuli gza ar airCies da sxva. 

TviTSefasebis procesSi mniSvnelovani swored sakuTari saq- 

mianobis refleqsiis procesia. es aRmoaCeninebs moswavles sakuTar 

sust mxareebs, romelTa dasaZlevadac unda mimarTos sakuTari Za- 

lisxmeva. Sedegiania TviTSefasebis iseTi xerxi, roca moswavle 

winaswar SemuSavebuli Sefasebis sqemis mixedviT afasebs sakuTar 

naSroms, Semdeg ucvlis mewyviles da erTmaneTis namuSevrebs afa- 

69

seben, bolos ki maswavlebeli afasebs. am SemTxvevaSic mniSvnelo- 

vania analizis procesi. ra daemTxva Sefasebis am sam SemTxvevaSi 

erTmaneTs, ra _ ara da ratom? ris codna ar eyo moswavles Tavad 

an mis Tanaklasels obieqturi SefasebisaTvis. 

70

Tavi III 

1. bilingvuri gakveTilis dagegmva 

riT gansxvavdeba bilingvuri gakveTili meore enis swavlebis 

gakveTilisgan? 

enis gakveTili gakveTili, romelzedac 

viTardeba ena 

programa yuradReba maxvildeba yuradReba sagnis 

enaze da enis Seswav- Sinaarsa da enobriv 

lis miznebze (codna unarebze (sagnis 

enaze da enis codna) codna da enis 

dagegmva 

gamoyeneba) 

yuradReba enaze, mis yuradReba enis ga- 

struqturaze, enis moyenebaze, vsaubrobT 

Seswavlis kontrolsa ra sagnis Sinaarsze; 

da praqtikul samu- yuradReba im Si- 

Saoze enaSi 

naarsze, 

wignSia. 

romelic 

aqtivobebi yuradReba producire- yuradReba sagnis Sibaze 

orientirebul naarsidangamomdi- aqtivobebze, savarji- nare savarjiSoebze; 

Soebi, romlbic unda aqcenti vizualur 

da SeiZleba kon- saSualebebze da matroldebodes.salis 

CarTva kiTxvisa 

da werisaTvis. 

enis arCeva maswavlebeli da moswavle iyenebs 

moswavleebi (SeZlebis- enas, romelic Seedagvarad) 

mTel sabameba mis codnas; 

gakveTilze urTi- maswavlebeli iyenebs 

erToben samizne enaze. enas mkacrad gegmiurad, 

fiqrobs ra 

moswavlesa 

ganze. 

da sa- 

71

gakveTilis dagegmvisas, upiratesoba unda mieniWos iseT sis- 

temas, sadac gamoyenebulia kritikuli azrovnebis principebi. 

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, gakveTilis TiToeul fazaSi garkveuli 

problemis dasma unda moxdes. aucilebelia imis damaxsovreba, rom 

mecadineobis TiToeul fazaSi saWiroa Sesabamisi meTodisa da 

strategiis gamoyeneba. swavlebis strategiisa, Tu meTodis SerCevi- 

sas mniSvnelovania gakveTilis miznis da Sefasebis kriteriumebis 

gaTvaliswineba. 

gakveTilis dagegmvisas, pirvel rigSi saWiroa gakveTilze ga- 

mokveTili miznebis Sefaseba da am miznebis ganxorcielebis Se- 

saZleblobis gansazRvra gakveTilisaTvis gamoyofili drois gan- 

mavlobaSi. 

aseve saWiroa gakveTilis TiToeuli fazisaTvis strategiis 

SemuSaveba. Tumca, unda gvaxsovdes, rom strategia aris mxolod 

saSualeba, romelic gvexmareba dagegmili Sedegebis miRwevaSi. 

gakveTilis Semdeg saWiroa miRweuli Sedegebis analizi da 

maTi Sesabamisobis dadgena winaswar SemuSavebul miznebTan. es 

maswavlebels aZlevs imis saSualebas, rom iswavlos sakuTar 

gamocdilebaze da ukeTesad dagegmos yoveli momdevno gakveTili. 

bilingvuri gakveTili: 

maswavleblis ena enis dagegmva masalebi sayrdeni masala 

moswavleTaTvis 

rogor leqsika da romel enas ra masala ra daxmareba 

frazebia saWiro enas rodis damWirdeba dasWirdeba yve- 

moswavleTa 

gamoviyeneb? da romel las da ra _ 

organizebisaTvis? enis romeli enaze? calkeuls? 

saganTan 

kompetencia 

dakavSirebuli 

leqsika 

ganviTardeba? 

72

2. bilingvuri gakveTilis dagegmvis etapebi 

a. gakveTilis Tema. 

b. motivacia. 

risTvis aris saWiro es gakveTili? 

ramdenad aris dakavSirebuli gakveTilis Tema im codnasTan, 

romlis SeZenac sxva gakveTilebis Sedegad moxda? 

dakavSirebulia Tu ara gakveTilis Tema adre miRebul 

codnasTan da momavalSi misaReb masalasTan? 

ramdenad aris gakveTilis Tema dakavSirebuli moswavleTa 

pirad gamocdilebasTan da maT interesebTan? 

rogor moxerxdeba am gakveTilis saSualebiT swavlis swavla 

da kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba? 

ra saxis informacias miiReben moswavleebi am gakveTilis 

saSualebiT? 

rogor unda moxdes gakveTilis gegmis SemuSaveba imgvarad, 

rom gaiRviZos TiToeuli moswavlis personalurma interesma? 

ra saxis kiTxvebis dasma moxdeba moswavleTaTvis, rogor 

gaarTmeven Tavs axali Temis gagebas, rogor SeZleben 

axali informaciis gaanalizebas, ideebis sinTezirebas da 

a.S. 

rogor SeiZleba gakveTilis Temis gamoyeneba imgvarad, rom 

ganviTardes kiTxvebis dasmis, analizis, diskusiis SesaZ- 

lebloba? 

Temis rogori aspeqtebiT aris SesaZlebeli moswavleTaTvis 

Semdgomi kvleviTi muSaobisaTvis xelSewyoba? 

73

ogor moxdeba aRniSnuli gakveTilis saSualebiT meore enis 

aTviseba da rogor Camouyalibebs moswavles dadebiT damoki- 

debulebas meore enis mimarT? 

ra saxis TanamSromloba iqneba sagnis maswavlebelsa da enis 

maswavlebels Soris? 

gakveTilis romel etapze da ra mizniT moxdeba mSobliuri 

enis da meore enis gamoyeneba? 

romeli sityvebis SeTvisebaa aucilebeli meore enidan, 

moswavlis leqsikonidan romeli sityvebis aqtivizaciaa 

aucilebeli? 

swavlebis ra saxis meTodebi da meTodologiuri xerxebi 

iqneba gamoyenebuli imisaTvis, rom moswavleSi ganaviTaros 

zepirsityvieri da werilobiTi saxiT meore enaze azris da 

grZnobis gadmocema? 

rogor ganxorcieldeba moswavleTa TanamSromloba da maT 

mier axalad aTvisebuli leqsikis gamoyeneba? 

g. gakveTilis miznebi 

yoveli gakveTilisaTvis saWiroa ramdenime miznis win wamoweva: 

mizani, romelic dakavSirebulia aTvisebuli masalis SinaarsTan; 

mizani, romelic aviTarebs moswavlis kritikul azrovnebas da 

misi swavlebis SesaZleblobebs; 

mizani, romelic aviTarebs meore enis SesaZleblobebs da iZleva 

kulturul garemoSi integrirebis saSualebas; 

d. winaswar wayenebuli pirobebi 

aucilebelia imis Sefaseba, Tu ra unda icodes da SeeZlos 

moswavles imisaTvis, rom warmatebiT gaarTvas Tavi axal masalas. 

ra winaswari codna gaaCnia moswavles Temis irgvliv? 

74

imisaTvis rom codna SenarCunebuli da xangrZlivi iyos, 

aucilebelia misi SeTviseba ukve nacnob da gasageb konteqstSi, 

amitom TiToeuli Temis aTvisebamde saWiroa rom moswavle 

flobdes winaswar informacias aRniSnuli Temis Sesaxeb. 

gvaZlevs Tu ara moswavleTa niWierebis done, azrovneba da 

swavlis unari imis saSualebas, rom maT daZlion maswavlebelTa 

mier gakveTilisaTvis SemuSavebuli masala? 

Tu xdeba swavlebis axali meTodis gamoyeneba, 

moswavleebisaTvis aucilebelia informaciis miwodeba. Tu 

gakveTilze gegmavT axali meTodis Setanas, maSin moswavleTa 

interesis gamowveva aRniSnuli meTodis mimarT SesaZlebelia 

kiTxvebis dasmiT. imis aucilebloba, rom Tavidanve ganviTardes 

swavlebis SesaZlebloba, Seexeba moswavleTa jgufur muSaobasac 

da swavlebis SesaZleblobis gaTavisebas 

ra donezea warmodgenili qarTuli enis codna da bilingvurad 

swavlebis mzaoba? 

maswavleblisaTvis aucilebelia Seafasos klasSi moswavleTa 

mier meore enis codnis done. agreTve aucilebelia imis damaxso- 

vreba, rom bilingvur meTodebSi mTavar princips warmoadgens ara 

gadaTargmna, aramed Sedareba. 

e. gakveTilis Sefaseba 

Sefasebis dros mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes gakveTilis gamokve- 

Tili miznebi. fasdeba Semdegi: 

rogor aris aTvisebuli saswavlo masala; 

iswavles Tu ara moswavleebma fiqri da swavla; 

Seivses Tu ara moswavleebma meore enis codna; 

Sefasebis warmarTva SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva meTodebis 

gamoyenebis gziT. Tu Sefasebis procesSi CarTulebi arian 

moswavleebi, maT unda icodnen, Tu romeli davaleba fasdeba 

dadebiTad. amisaTvis aucilebelia naTlad Camoyalibdes da 

75

Seiqmnas im kriteriumebis formulireba, romelTa saSualebiTac 

moxdeba davalebis Sefaseba. Sefasebis kriteriumebis SemuSaveba 

umjobesia moswavleebTan erTad, uSualod Sesafasebeli davalebis 

Sesrulebis win. 

v. droisa da masalebis gadanawileba 

gakveTilis dawyebamde saWiroa imis gansazRvra, gakveTilis 

msvlelobisas saWiro iqneba Tu ara damxmare masalebi da 

xelsawyoebi. ufro rTulia drois gadanawileba. drois 

mizanmimarTuli gadanawileba warmoadgens erTgvar winapirobas 

imisaTvis, rom swavlebis procesi iyos dinamiuri, kargad 

mofiqrebuli, efeqturi, raTa maswavlebelma moaxerxos yvela 

winaswar dagegmili ideis ganxorcieleba. 

76

3. gakveTilis mimdinareobis dagegmva 

gakveTilis safuZvels warmoadgens swavlebisa da swavlis 

samsafexuriani meTodi 

a. gamxnevebis/waxalisebis faza 

waxalisebis fazis dagegmvisas aucilebelia iseTi strategiis 

SemuSaveba, romelic ukeT moaxerxebs: 

Temis irgvliv winaswari codnis gaerTianebas 

moswavleTa waxalisebas, swavlis mowadinebas. 

b. codnis gaTavisebis faza 

codnis gaTavisebis fazis dagegmvisas, unda moxdes imis Sefase- 

ba, Tu rogor moxerxdeba SerCeuli strategiis Sedegad gakveTilze 

miRebuli codnis gaTaviseba da rogor ganviTardeba TanamSromlo- 

bisa da damoukideblad muSaobis unari. 

g. ukukavSiris faza 

mocemuli fazis dagegmvisas, saWiroa imis gansazRvra, Tu ro- 

gor moxdeba SerCeuli strategiis Sedegad codnis SeTviseba, 

agreTve rogor imoqmedebs es strategia miRebuli codnis Semoqme- 

debiTad gamoyenebis procesze. 

kooperatiuli swavlebis mniSvneloba bilingvur ganaTlebaSi 

kvlevebi bilingvur ganaTlebaSi amtkicebs, rom jgufuri 

kooperatiuli swavlebis organizebisas: 

arsebobs Sinaarsis konteqstidan gagebis SesaZlebloba, agreTve 

upiratesoba arsebobs bevri drois TvalsazrisiTac da enis 

77

srulyofilad gamoyenebis saSualebiTac; Sinaarsisa da koncef- 

ciis ukeTesad gasagebad SesaZlebelia mSobliuri enis gamoyene- 

bac; 

meore enaSi garkveuli unarebis ganviTarebisas, SesaZlebelia 

mSobliuri enis codnis sistemiT operireba; 

xdeba moswavleTa stimulireba codnisa da enis aTvisebis 

procesSi aqtiurad CasarTavad; 

warmoCenilia da gamoyenebulia axali saswavlo masalebi; 

swavlebis procesSi yuradReba maxvildeba moswavleTa 

gansxvavebul Tvisebebze da stilze da viTardeba maTi 

mravalmxrivi SesaZleblobebi; 

icvleba maswavleblis roli - informaciis mimwodebeli 

adamianisgan, is gadaiqceva informaciis SeTvisebis 

organizatorad; 

tradiciuli gakveTilis msvlelobisas umeteswilad saubrobs 

maswavlebeli. aseTi gakveTilis tipuri sqema SegviZlia 

warmovadginoT Semdegi saxiT: maswavleblis SekiTxva-moswavlis 

,,swori pasuxi am SekiTxvaze. amavdroulad, TvalsaCinoa droSi 

SezRudva. Tu moswavle myisierad ver pasuxobs SekiTxvaze, is eZebs 

Sesaferis sityvas, aseT SemTxvevaSi ki maswavlebeli mas ar aZlevs 

dros da ekiTxeba sxva moswavles. jgufSi muSaobis dros 

aucilebelia da SesaZlebelia enis mravalmxrivi funqciebis 

gamoyeneba. rodesac moswavleebi saubroben erTmaneTSi, da ara 

mxolod maswavlebelTan, mkveTrad izrdeba enis funqciebis 

gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. arsebobs TanamSromlobis meti 

variantebi, rac, Tavis mxriv, iZleva enis gavarjiSebis met 

saSualebas. mniSvnelovania isic, rom, rodesac moswavleebi 

saintereso problemis gadaWras cdiloben, am dros isini enas 

iyeneben ara imitom, rom saxelmZRvanelos tradiciuli davaleba - 

,,SeadgineT winadadeba'' Seasrulon, aramed srulad iyeneben 

78

codnas meore enaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi saubari yovelTvis 

gramatikulad gamarTuli ar aris, am gziT moswavleebs aqvT azris 

gadmocemis saSualeba. 

aseve SeiZleba Seicvalos tradiciuli karnaxi, rodesac 

maswavlebeli dgas klasis winaSe da mTel klass karnaxobs 

garkveul teqsts. misi gardaqmna kooperatiul swavlebad 

SesaZlebelia moswavleTa dawyvilebis an jgufebad dayofis gziT, 

romlis drosac moswavleebi rig-rigobiT karnaxoben erTmaneTs 

srul teqsts, an gamotovebul sityvebs. am gziT mcirdeba stresi, 

moswavleebi koncentrirebas axdenen davalebaze da aqtiurad 

usmenen erTmaneTs. izrdeba TanamSromlobiTi damokidebuleba da 

individualuri pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba. 

yoveldRiuri urTierTobisas sakmarisia SezRuduli raodenobis 

sityvebis maragi da gramatikuli struqtura; sxvadasxva sakiTxTan 

dakavSirebiT sakuTari azris dafiqsirebisas moswavleebs 

uviTardebaT farTo leqsikis da enis gansxvavebuli modelebis 

gamoyenebis moTxovnileba. 

maswavleblebi xSirad sifrTxiliT ekidebian jgufebSi 

muSaobas. ase, magaliTad: `rogor SeiZleba viyo darwmunebuli, 

rom moswavleebi ar daiwyeben saubars mSobliur enaze? vifiqroT 

imaze, Tu rogor mivaRwioT sasurvel Sedegs martivi gziT: mkacri 

discipliniT Tu mizanmimarTuli davalebebis SedgeniT?~ 

specialurad konstruirebuli davaleba, sadac yvela moswavles 

aqvs raRac nawili informaciisa da davalebis Sesruleba 

SesaZlebelia mxolod am informaciis SegrovebiT, iZleva 

pirdapiri reagirebis, individualuri pasuxismgeblobisa da 

aqtiuri mosmenis saSualebas. 

nuTu saocari ar aris is faqti, rom aTeuli wlebis 

ganmavlobaSi moswavleebi wyvilebad isxdnen merxebTan da, 

miuxedavad amisa, maT ar hqondaT emociis gaziarebisa da 

79

erTmaneTis daxmarebis saSualeba. jgufSi muSaobisas dabali 

enobrivi SesaZleblobis mqone moswavles aqvs saSualeba, 

SeekiTxos sxvas mSobliur enaze, xolo moswavle, romelic 

warmatebulia meore enaSi, moaxdens sakiTxebis perifrazirebas da 

amiT moaxdens saubris ganviTarebas. 

bilingvur ganaTlebaSi izrdeba maswavleblis roli. 

tradiciuli sagnis maswavlebeli zogjer fiqrobs: ,,me var sagnis 

maswavlebeli, CemTvis mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor aiTvisa moswavlem 

sagnobrivi masala. me vafaseb Sinaarss da ara enas. `bilingvuri 

ganaTlebis dros TiToeuli maswavleblis roli farTovdeba da is 

gadaiqceva aseve enis maswavleblad. pirvel rigSi, yvela 

maswavlebeli xdeba enis momxmarebeli, xSirad ki tardeba Semdegi 

principi: ,,viswavloT erTad~. 

80

Tavi IV 

qarTuli enisa da geografiis 

integrirebuli swavlebis 

sanimuSo gakveTilebi da Tematika 

81

VII klasi 

wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi: 

Tema saswavlo miznebi enobrivi miznebi 

geologiuri dro. moswavle ecnoba geoqro- 

teritoriis mde- 

bareobisgan- sazRvra rukasa da 

globusze. 

geografiuli 

garemo da adamia- 

ni; 

bunebaTsargebloba 

da adamianis ze- 

moqmedeba bunebaze; 

katastrofuli da 

stiqiuri movlene- 

bi bunebaSi. 

nologiur sqemas; ecnoba 

bunebrivi movlenebis gan- 

viTarebas geologiuri 

etapebis mixedviT; 

swavlobs dedamiwis war- 

moSobidan dRemde masze 

momxdar mniSvnelovan 

cvlilebebs. 

moswavle rukisa da glo- 

busis gamoyenebiT gan- 

sazRvravs geografiuli 

obieqtebis koordinatebs; 

daaqvs geografiuli ob- 

ieqtebi konturul ru- 

kaze; 

axdens sivrceSi orienti- 

rebas horizontis mxaree- 

bis mixedviT da poulobs 

sasurvel obieqts rukasa 

da globusze. 

moswavle ecnoba geogra- 

fiuli garemos mraval- 

ferovnebas da ikvlevs 

masze adamianis gansaxle- 

bis mizezebs; swavlobs 

bunebrivi resursebis ti- 

pebs da maT rols adamia- 

nis saqmianobaSi; 

msjelobs stiqiur mov- 

82 

moswavles SeuZlia 

TemisaTvis mniSvne- 

lo-vani terminebis 

qarTulad dasaxele- 

ba, icis am terminTa 

qarTuli ganmartebe- 

bi, SeuZlia sinoni- 

muri sityvebiTa da 

aRweri-Ti msjelo- 

biT terminTa Sec- 

vla da maTi meSveo- 

biT mosazrebis gad- 

mocema. 


sworad gamoiyenos 

is konstruqciebi, 

romlebic sakiTxze 

msjelobisas das- 

Wirdeba. saWiroebis 

SemTxvevaSi ki 

SeuZlia erTi grama- 

tikulikonstruq- ciis sxva konstruq- 

ciiT Secvla ise, 

rom aagos swori da 

gramatikulad ga- 

marTuli msjeloba. 

moswavlem icis yve- 

la im funqciuri

unebrivi pirobe- 

bis da bunebrivi 

garemos gavlena 

meurneobis ganvi- 

Tarebaze. 

samecniero- 

teqnikuriprogre- sis dadebiTi da 

uaryofiTi mxaree- 

bi; adamianis eko- 

logiuripasuxism- gebloba. 

lenebze, maTi warmoSobi- 

sa da Tavidan acilebis 

mizezebze. 

moswavle ecnoba da 

msjelobs adamianis saq- 

mianobasa da Sromis ia- 

raRebze uZvelesi droi- 

dan dRemde; 

ikvlevs geografiuli 

garemos rols meurneobis 

dargebis ganlagebasa da 

ganviTarebaze. 

moswavle ecnoba samec- 

niero-teqnikur progress; 

msjelobs stp-is dadebiT 

da uaryofiT mxareebze; 

mohyavs magaliTebi da 

asabuTebs stp-is wvlils 

ekonomikis winsvla- 

ganviTarebaze; 

msjelobs bunebrivi re- 

sursebis racionalur 

gamoyenebasa da adamianis 

ekologiur pasuxismgeb- 

lobaze. 

83 

frazis mniSvneloba, 

rac Temaze muSaobi- 

sas sWirdeba da 

SeuZlia am frazebis 

Tavad gamoyenebac. 

moswavles esmis 

yvela instruqcia, 

rac Temis irgvliv 

arsebuli savarji- 

SoebisTvis sWirdeba 

da Tavadac SeuZlia 

amgvari instruqcie- 

bis ageba. 

moswavle Tavisuf- 

lad asrulebs 

tests an sxva speci- 

fikur davalebebs 

sakiTxis irgvliv da 

Tavadac SeuZlia 

amgvari davalebis 

Seqmna instruqcie- 

bis, Sesabamisi 

funqciuri frazebi- 

sa da konstruqcie- 

bis gamoyenebiT.

gakveTili 1 

Tema - adgilmdebareobis gansazRvra rukaze; pirobiTi niSnebi 

gakveTilis mizani – moswavleebma SeZlon geografiuli obieqtebis 

povna rukasa da globusze geografiuli 

koordinatebis saSualebiT. 

enobrivi mizani _ moswavleebma unda icodnen rukebi da misi saxee- 

bi, horizontis ZiriTadi da Sualeduri mxareebi, 

grZedi da ganedi. 

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi – geografiuli koordinatebi, grZedi 

ganedi, kartografiuli niSnebi, paraleli, 

meridiani, gradusTa bade, topografiuli 

ruka, adgilis gegma. 

funqciuri frazebi _ ras gamosaxaven, ra tipisa arsebobs, 

gansazRvreT, ipoveT gansxvaveba, SeasruleT 

davaleba. 

dro _ 45 wuTi. 

resursebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, samuSao rveuli, saxazavi, 

geografiuli da topografiuli rukebi, sqemebi, 

dafa, carci. 

84

aqtivoba 1 

A 

aqtivobebi 

rukis saSualebiT gamosaxaven: 

mTel dedamiwas 

romelime kontinents okeaneebs 

rukis daniSnuleba: 

calkeul saxelmwifos 

saswavlo samxedro sainJinro 

turistuli 

maswavlebeli moswavleTa namuSevrebs qulebiT afasebs Semdegi 

kriteriumebiT: 

davalebis amomwuravad Sesruleba; 

pasuxebis sizuste. 


aqtivoba 2 

adgilmdebareobis gansazRvra rukaze; pirobiTi niSnebi. 

maswavlebeli dafaze gamosaxavs horizontis mxareebis sqemas: 

85

C/N 

d/W a/O 

≠ 

s/S 

maswavlebeli moswavleTa wyvilebs aZlevs davalebas, ro- 

melic momzadebuli aqvs formatze. 

daadgine qvemoT mocemul rozetze 5–12 wertilebis mimarTu- 

leba moyvanili nimuSis mixedviT. 

magaliTi: wertili 1 mimarTulia CrdiloeTisaken; 

wertili 2 mimarTulia samxreT-dasavleTisaken; 

wertili 3 mimarTulia dasavleTisaken; 

wertili 4 mimarTulia CrdiloeT-CrdilodasavleTisaken. 

wertili 5 

wertili 6 

wertili 7 

wertili 8 

wertili 9 

wertili 10 

wertili 11 

wertili 12 

C/N 

. 4 . 1 

. 8 

86 

. 7 

. 10 

d/W . 3 . . 6 a/O 

. 11 

. 2 

. 12 . 5 . 9 

s/S

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli ramdenime wyvilis 

saSualebiT amowmebs Sesrulebul davalebas. namuSevrebs afasebs 

sityvieri komentariT, risTvisac SeiZleba gamoiyenos frazebi: 

“Tqveni pasuxi sworia”; “meti yuradReba gmarTebT”, “Tqveni pasuxi 

moiTxovs sizustes” da a.S. 

dro 20 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 3 

maswavlebeli iyenebs msoflios fizikur an naxevarsferoebis 

rukas da moswavleebs aCvenebs ekvators, sawyis meridians, polu- 

sebs. maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs geografiul koordinats. 

aCvenebs grZedsa da ganeds, risTvisac igi iyenebs sqemas sax- 

elmZRvaneloSi – grZedebi da ganedebi dedamiwis sferul modelze. 

saubris dasasruls maswavlebeli moswavleTa wyvilebs aZlevs da- 

valebas: 

saxelmZRvanelos teqstSi mocemuli wyaros daxmarebiT _ 

,,geografiuli ganedebisa da grZedebis ganlageba dedamiwis sfe- 

rul modelze” an msoflios politikur rukaze gansazRvreT Tbi- 

lisis, londonis da keiptaunis grZedi da ganedi. 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 4 

maswavlebeli klass aCvenebs geografiul da topografiul 

rukebs (SeiZleba kedelze dakidon an saxelmZRvanelos danarTi ga- 

moiyenos) da aZlevs davalebas: 

87

ipoveT gansxvaveba rukebs Soris da mosazrebebi SeitaneT sqemaSi. 

magaliTad: 

topografiuli rukis 

maxasiaTeblebi 

gamosaxulia mcire teritoria- 

qalaqi, sofeli, daba da a.S. 

gamosaxulia Senobebi; 

teritoria dawvrilebiTaa naCve- 

nebi; 

msxvili masStabia gamoyenebuli 

ar aris naCvenebi sasargeblo 

da a.S. 

wiaRiseuli da relief. 


88 

geografiuli rukis maxasiaTeblebi 

gamosaxulia didi teritoria- 

saxelmwifo, kontinenti da a.S. 

gamosaxulia reliefis formebi; 

teritoria zogadia; 

saSualo an wvrili masStabia 

gamoyenebuli; 

gamosaxulia sasargeblo wiaRi- 

da a.S. 

seuli. 

gakveTilis dasasruli.

gakveTili 2 

Tema – globusi; dedamiwis sasaaTo sartylebi 

gakveTilis mizani – moswavleebi gaecnon sasaaTo zolebs; 

gaigebon sasaaTo zolebis praqtikuli 

mniSvneloba. 

enobrivi mizani – moswavleebma icodnen dedaqalaqebis mdebareobis 

saxeebi, sazRvrebis xasiaTi, dedamiwis sasaaTo 

sartylebi. 

Sesaswavli leqsika / terminebi – sasaaTo zolebi, ZiriTadi meri- 

diani. 

funqciuri frazebi _ ipoveT, gansazRvreT, sad mdebareobs, ra 


hqvia, warmoadgineT davaleba, monacemebi 

SeitaneT. 

resursebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, samuSao rveuli, msofliosa da evra- 

ziis politikuri rukebi, globusi (fizikuri, politikuri). 

89

aqtivoba 1 

Aaqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli aZlevs wyvilebs davalebas: 

rukaze ipoveT dedaqalaqi, gansazRvreT misi mdebareoba qveynis 

teritoriaze da monacemebi SeitaneT cxrilSi. magaliTad: 

dedaqalaqi qveyana centraluri 

kievi 

dro 5 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 2 

ukraina 

mdebareoba 

+ 

90 

aracentraluri 

mdebareoba 

periferiuli 

mdebareoba 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs amuSavebs evraziis politikur 

rukaze. moswavleebi aCveneben saxelmwifoebs da asaxeleben maT 

dedaqalaqebs. 

Semdeg maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvebs. magaliTad: 

sad mdebareobs italia? 

ra hqvia italiis dedaqalaqs? 

moswavle pasuxobs SekiTxvebs da rukaze aCvenebs dasaxelebul 

saxelmwifos da mis dedaqalaqs. 

dro 10 wuTi.

aqtivoba 3 

maswavlebeli wyvilebs urigebs baraTebs, romelzec erT-erTi 

saxelmwifoa miTiTebuli da aZlevs davalebas: 

rukis daxmarebiT gansazRvreT saxelmwifos sazRvrebi – qvey- 

nebi da zRvebi/okeaneebi; warmoadgineT davaleba cxrilis saxiT. 

cxrils maswavlebeli dafaze akeTebs. magaliTad: 

SvedeTi 

aRmosavleTi dasavleTi CrdiloeTi samxreTi 

esazRvreba fi- 

neTi, Crdiloe- 

Tis da baltiis 

zRvebi 

esazRvreba 

norvegia 

91 

esazRvreba 

norvegia 

CrdiloeTis da 

baltiis zRvebi 

maswavlebelma SeiZleba moswavleTa codna qulebiT Seafasos. 

Sefasebis kriteriumebi: 

cxrilis amomwuravad Sevseba; 

rukaze sworad Cveneba. 


aqtivoba 4 

maswavlebeli saubrobs globusis, rogorc dedamiwis mod- 

elis Sesaxeb. moswavleebs aCvenebs masStabiTa da Tematurad

gansxvavebul globusebs (Tu, ra Tqma unda, maswavlebels xeli mi- 

uwvdeba am resursebze). 

maswavlebeli saubrobs dedamiwis sasaaTo zolebis Sesaxeb, risT- 

visac igi iyenebs sasaaTo zolebis rukas saxelmZRvanelodan. 

saubris dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvas: 

Tu TbilisSi dRis 1 saaTia, romeli saaTi iqneba amave meri- 

dianze samxreTiT an CrdiloeTiT mdebare romelime Soreul 

qalaqSi? 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 5 

saSinao davaleba _ sasaaTo zolebi. 

msoflios politikur-administraciuli rukisa da dedamiwis sa- 

saaTo zolebis rukis (gakv. saxelmZRvaneloSi ,,globusi. dedamiwis 

sasaaTo zolebi”) daxmarebiT upasuxeT kiTxvebs: 

- rodesac TbilisSi dilis 9 saaTia, ra droa: 1) tokioSi, 2) pa- 

rizSi, 3) londonSi, 4) vaSingtonSi, 5) santiagoSi? 

- ra mizniT aris SemoRebuli sasaaTo zolebi? 

- rodesac CrdiloeT naxevarsferoSi dRea, ra xdeba am dros 

samxreT naxevarsferoSi? ratom? 

dro 5 wuTi. 

gakveTilis dasasruli. 

92

VIII klasi 



ra aris regioni 

da ra niSnebiT 

aerTianeben qvey- 

nebs regionebSi? 

kavkasiis regionis 

buneba, resursebi 

da meurneobis 

dargebi. 

samxreT kavkasiis 

xalxebis yofa da 

adaT-wesebi; eko- 

logiurimdgoma- reoba, bunebrivi 

da kulturuli 

Zeglebi. 

moswavle swavlobs 

msoflios regionebs, 

maT mdebareobas da re- 

gionuli dayofis mize- 

zebs; 

ecnoba qveynebis erTma- 

neTisagan ganmasxvavebel 

niSnebs; 

msjelobs saerTaSoriso 

organizaciebis miznebi- 

sa da mniSvnelobis Se- 

saxeb. 

moswavle swavlobs kav- 

kasiis regions da axa- 

siaTebs mas msoflios 

regionebis gamoyofis 

principze dayrdnobiT. 

moswavle ecnoba kavka- 

siis xalxebis cxovrebas 

im bunebrivi garemos 

fonze, romelSic isini 

saqmianoben; msjelobs 

regionis ekologiuri, 

bunebrivi da kulturu- 

li Zeglebis mdgomareo- 

93 

moswavles SeuZlia Te- 

misaTvis mniSvnelo-vani 

terminebis qarTulad 

dasaxeleba, icis am 

terminTa qarTuli gan- 

martebebi, SeuZlia 

sinonimuri sityvebiTa 

da aRweri-Ti msjelo- 

biT terminTa Secvla 

da maTi meSveobiT mo- 

sazrebis gadmocema. 


sworad gamoiyenos is 

konstruqciebi, rom- 

lebic sakiTxze msje- 

lobisas dasWirdeba. 

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi 

ki SeuZlia erTi gra- 

matikulikonstruq- ciis sxva konstruq- 

ciiT Secvla ise, rom 

aagos swori da gra- 

matikulad gamarTuli 

msjeloba. 

moswavlem icis yvela 

im funqciuri frazis 

mniSvneloba, rac Te- 

maze muSaobisas sWir- 

deba da SeuZlia am

msoflios mosax- 

leoba da misi te- 

ritoriuligana- wileba; migraciebi 

da gansaxlebis 

tipebi. 

mogzaurobebi da 

didi geografiuli 

aRmoCenebi. 

transporti, ro- 

gorc komunikaciis 

erT-erTi saSuale- 

ba. 

vaWroba da bizne- 

si, rogorc ur- 

TierTobis erT- 

erTi saSualeba. 

bis Sesaxeb. frazebis Tavad gamoye- 

moswavle Seiswavlis 

msoflios mosaxleobis 

rasobriv da eTnikur 

mravalferovnebas, rao- 

denobriv cvlilebebs, 

gansaxlebis Tavisebure- 

bebs, migraciul proce- 

sebs; ukavSirebs maT 

bunebriv garemos da 

ekonomikur ganviTarebas. 

moswavle ecnoba cno- 

bil mogzaurebs da maT 

aRmoCenebs; msjelobs 

maT Sesaxeb, rogorc 

qveynebsa da xalxebs 

Soris komunikaciis erT- 

erTi saSualebis Sesax- 

eb; akavSirebs mas vaWro- 

bisa da ekonomikis gan- 

viTarebasTan. 


transportis saxeebsa da 

satransporto saSuale- 

bebs; msjelobs maTze, 

rogorc komunikaciis 

erT-erT umniSvnelovanes 

saSualebaze. 

moswavle ikvlevs va- 

Wrobisa da biznesis 

rols ekonomikis ganvi- 

TarebaSi. 

94 

nebac. 

moswavles esmis yvela 

instruqcia, rac Temis 

irgvliv arsebuli sa- 

varjiSoebisTvissWir- deba da Tavadac SeuZ- 

lia amgvari instruq- 

ciebis ageba. 

moswavle Tavisuflad 

asrulebs tests an 

sxva specifikur dava- 

lebebs sakiTxis 

irgvliv da Tavadac 

SeuZlia amgvari dava- 

lebis Seqmna instruq- 

ciebis, Sesabamisi 

funqciuri frazebisa 

da konstruqciebis ga- 

moyenebiT.

gakveTili 1 

Tema – msoflios umsxvilesi regionebi; evrazia 

gakveTilis mizani – moswavleebi gaecnon msoflios msxvil 

regionebs; 

gaarkvion kontinentebisa da qveynis nawilebis 

gamoyofis niSan-Tvisebebi. 

enobrivi mizani – moswavleebma icodnen kontinentebi da okeaneebi, 

regionebis klasifikacia, kavkasiisa da xmelTaSua 

zRvis qveynebi. 

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi – makroregioni; iokumena; Zveli 

samyaro; axali samyaro. 

funqciuri frazebi _ ras niSnavs, ratom moxda, moiyvane magali- 

Tebi. 


resursebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, msoflios fizikuri da politikuri 

rukebi, evraziis ruka, sqemebi, cxrilebi, furclebi. 

95

aqtivoba 1 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs usvams SekiTxvas: 

dro 5 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 2 

ras niSnavs „regioni”? 

teritoria kontinentze 

mag: kavkasia mag: baltiispireTi 

maswavlebeli wyvilebs aZlevs davalebas. magaliTad: 

evraziis an msoflios politikur-administraciuli rukis daxmare- 

biT moiyvaneT magaliTebi: 

regioni, romelic moicavs ramdenime qveyanas 

xmelTaSuazRvispireTi 

italia, espaneTi, portugalia, 

saberZneTi _ evropaSi 

alJiri, maroko, libia, egvipte 

_ afrikaSi 

96

maswavlebelma SeiZleba moswavleTa codna Seafasos qulebiT. 

Sefasebis kriteriumebi: 

sqemaze informaciis sizuste; 

rukaze swori orientireba. 

dro 15 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 3 

maswavlebeli klass uxsnis da msoflios fizikur rukaze 

aCvenebs kontinentebsa da qveynis nawilebs. igi informacias 

gamosaxavs dafaze sqemis saxiT: 

evrazia evropa 

Crd. amerika azia 

samx. amerika amerika 

kontinentebi afrika afrika qveynis nawilebi 

avstralia avstralia 

antarqtida antarqtida 

nebs klass. 

maswavlebeli kontinentebsa da qveynis nawilebs rukaze aCve- 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 4 

maswavlebeli ganmartavs iokumenas da mis nawilebs, Zvel 

da axal samyaros da msoflios rukaze aCvenebs Sesabamis teri- 

toriebs. ganmartavs, Tu ratom uwodeben Tanamedroveni kontinen- 

tebs makroregionebs. 

dro 5 wuTi. 

97

aqtivoba 5 

maswavlebeli klass hyofs jgufebad. TiToeul jgufs aZlevs 

furcels, romelzec kontinentia miTiTebuli. 

maswavlebeli avalebs jgufebs, gamoiyenon msoflios poli- 

tikuri ruka da cxrilSi Seitanon 10 saxelmwifo kontinentidan. 

magaliTad:M 

saxelmwifoebi kontinenti / 

safrangeTi evropa 

nepali azia 

italia evropa 

indoeTi azia 

da a.S. 

dro 10 wuTi. 


98 

qveynis nawili

gakveTili 2 

Tema – evropis gaerTianebis idea 

gakveTilis mizani – moswavleebi gaecnon evropis gaerTianebis 

ideis arss; 

gansazRvron saqarTvelos natoSi gawevrianebis 

Sedegebi. 

enobrivi mizani – moswavleebma icodnen evropisa da evrokavSiris 

qveynebi, natos ganmarteba, evrokavSiris Seqmnis 

xelSekrulebebi. 

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi – „evropuli moZraoba”; „saerTo 

bazari”; „evratomi”; „maastrixtis xelSekruleba”; 

„Sengenis zona”. 

funqciuri frazebi _ gaarkvieT, pasuxebi SeitaneT, gansazRvreT, 


CamoTvaleT faqtorebi, gaecaniT masalas 

saxelmZRvaneloSi, miumateT axali informacia. 

resursebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, sqemebi, cxrilebi, dafa, carci. 

99

aqtivoba 1 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli gakveTils iwyebs moswavleTa daxmarebiT sqema- 

Si informaciis SetaniT da rukaze CvenebiT: 

germania 

italia 

evropis dania 

qveynebi didi britaneTi 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 2 

avstria 

Sveicaria 

norvegia da a.S. 

maswavlebelma moswavleTa daxmarebiT dafaze wers saerTa- 

Soriso organizacia nato-s ganmartebas: 

dro 5 wuTi. 

nato 

Crdilo 

atlantikuri organizacia 

xelSekrulebis 

100

aqtivoba 3 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs warudgens cxrils: 

saqarTvelosTvis natoSi gawevrianebis mniSvneloba. 

magaliTad: 

wileoba 

xelsayreli faqtorebi araxelsayreli faqtorebi 

- mSvidobis dacva 

- usafrTxoeba 

- daxmarebis gaweva 

- sawvrTnel programebSi mona- 

- SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mom- 

zadeba da gawvrTna. 

dro 10 wuTi. 

101 

arakeTilganwyobil saxelmwifosTan 

urTierTobis daZabva 

namuSevrebi SeiZleba Seafasos qulebiT Semdegi kriteriumebis 

mixedviT: 

saintereso mosazreba; 

azris dasabuTeba. 

aqtivoba 4 

maswavlebeli ekiTxeba moswavleebs: 

ra iciT evrokavSiris Sesaxeb? 

maswavlebeli ismens da dafaze afiqsirebs moswavleTa mosazrebebs:

dro 5 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 5 

evrokavSiri fuli _ evro 

102 

evropis qveynebis gaerTianeba 

saerTaSoriso organizacia 

TanamSromlobs saqarTvelo 

saqarTvelos surs gawevrianeba 

maswavlebeli yuradRebas amaxvilebs evropis gafarToebis 

istoriaze da klass acnobs evrokavSirSi gawevrianebuli qveynebis 

cxrils. 

Semdeg maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvebs: 

romeli saxelmwifoebi gawevriandnen pirvelad evrokavSirSi? 

sul ramdeni wevri qveyanaa dRes evrokavSirSi? 

dro 5 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 6 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs politikur wreebSi cno- 

bil popularul frazebs, rogoricaa “maastrixtis xelSekruleba” 

da “Sengenis zona”. 

dro 5 wuTi.

aqtivoba 7 

am sakiTxebis, evrokavSiris dRevandeli SesaZleblobebisa da 

evrosabWos Sesaxeb gacnobis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZ- 

levs saxelmZRvanelodan saSinao davalebs. 

maswavlebeli klass aZlevs weriT saSinao davalebasac: 

gakveTilis teqstze dayrdnobiT SeavseT cxrili: 

evrokavSiris Seqmnis xelSemwyobi xelSekrulebebi: 

xelSekrulebis sax- 

elwodeba 

dro 5 wuTi. 

xelSekrulebis xel- 

moweris TariRi 


103 

xelSekrulebis miza- 

ni

IX klasi 



saqarTvelos te- 

ritoriisformi- reba da sidide, 

sazRvris xasiaTi, 

geografiuli mde- 

bareoba,admini- straciul- 

teritoriulimo- wyoba da mmarTve- 

loba. 

saqarTvelos bune- 

ba anu reliefi, 

hava mdinareebi da 

tbebi, niadagebi, 

organuli samyaro 

da landSaftebi. 

moswavle ecnoba saqarT- 

velos teritoriis Ca- 

moyalibebis process da 

adarebs mas sxva qveynebi- 

sas; 

gaarkvevs sazRvris tipebs 

da maT Taviseburebebs; 

Seiswavlis geografiuli 

mdebareobis saxeebs, ri- 

Tac gansazRvravs saqarT- 

velosaTvis mis mniSvne- 

lobas; 

gaigebs teritoriis admi- 

nistraciul erTeulebad 

dayofis principebs da 

daakavSirebs mas saxelm- 

wifos mmarTvelobis 

formebTan. 


velos bunebis elemen- 

tebs; 

swavlobs mravalferovani 

landSaftebis warmoqmnis 

mizezebs da MmaT daniS- 

nulebas qveynis ekonomi- 

kaSi. 

104 

moswavles SeuZlia Temi- 

saTvis mniSvnelo-vani 

terminebis qarTulad da- 

saxeleba, icis am termin- 

Ta qarTuli ganmartebebi, 

SeuZlia sinonimuri sity- 

vebiTa da aRweri-Ti 

msjelobiT terminTa Sec- 

vla da maTi meSveobiT 

mosazrebis gadmocema. 

moswavles SeuZlia swo- 

rad gamoiyenos is kon- 

struqciebi, romlebic sa- 

kiTxze msjelobisas das- 

Wirdeba. saWiroebis 

SemTxvevaSi ki SeuZlia 

erTi gramatikuli kon- 

struqciis sxva kon- 

struqciiT Secvla ise, 

rom aagos swori da 

gramatikulad gamarTuli 

msjeloba. 

moswavlem icis yvela im 

funqciuri frazis mniSv- 

neloba, rac Temaze mu- 

Saobisas sWirdeba da 

SeuZlia am frazebis Ta- 

vad gamoyenebac. 

moswavles esmis yvela

saqarTvelos bune- 

brivi resursebi 

da maTi gamoyeneba 

(miwis, mineraluri, 

havis, wylis, bi- 

ologiuri). 

saqarTvelos mo- 

saxleoba(raode- nobrivicvlile- bebi,sqesobriv- asakobrivi,eTni- kur - religiuri, 

socialur – 

politikuri 

struqtura da de- 

mografia). 

mosaxleobis mi- 

graciuliproce- sebi da maTi geo- 

grafia;mosaxleobis gansaxleba da 

urbanizacia. 

erovnuli meurneo- 

bis dargebi (saT- 

bob-energetikuli, 

agrowarmoeba, me- 

venaxeoba-meRvine- 

oba, mrewveloba, 

satransporto ma- 

gistralebi da 

kvanZebi, momsax- 

M 

moswavle ecnoba da 

swavlobs saqarTvelos 

bunebriv simdidreebs, maT 

daniSnulebasa da gamoye- 

nebas sameurneo Tvalsa- 

zrisiT. 

moswavle ecnoba mosax- 

leobis demografiul maC- 

veneblebs da dinamikur 

maxasiaTeblebs, ukavSi- 

rebs maT qveynis ekonomi- 

kur aqtivobas; 

msjelobs problemebis 

Sesaxeb da eZebs gadaWris 

gzebs; 

akeTebs prognozs. 

moswavle ecnoba migra- 

ciisa da urbanizaciis 

procesebs, aanalizebs 

maT warmoSobasa da gan- 

viTarebas qveynis mTel 

teritoriaze da akeTebs 

prognozs. 

moswavle ecnoba erovnu- 

li meurneobis struqtu- 

ras. akeTebs Zveli- 

tradiciuli da axali- 

Tanamedrove dargebis ka- 

tegorizacias; msjelobs 

maT amJamindel mdgoma- 

reobaze; 

akeTebs prognozs maTi 

105 


irgvliv arsebuli savar- 

jiSoebisTvis sWirdeba da 

Tavadac SeuZlia amgvari 

instruqciebis ageba. 


asrulebs tests an sxva 

specifikur davalebebs 

sakiTxis irgvliv da Ta- 

vadac SeuZlia amgvari 

davalebis Seqmna in- 

struqciebis, Sesabamisi 

funqciuri frazebisa da 

konstruqciebis gamoyene- 

biT.

ureobis sfero, 

sagareo vaWroba, 

turizmi). 

garemos dacva 

(stiqiuri movlene- 

bi, daculi teri- 

toriebi). 

Kkulturuli 

RirsSesaniSnaobebi 

(istoriul-arqi- 

teqturuliZeg- lebi, xalxuri 

dResaswaulebi, 

TamaSebi, sporti). 

saqarTvelos re- 

gionebi, maTi geo- 

grafiuli maxasia- 

Teblebi da Tavi- 

seburebebi. 

ganviTarebis perspeqti- 

vebsa da rolze qveynis 

ekonomikaSi. 


velos Tanamedrove eko- 

logiur mdgomareobas, 

katastroful da stiqiur 

movlenebs; 

aanalizebs geoekologi- 

uri problemebis warmoqm- 

nis bunebriv da anTropo- 

genur wyaroebs; 

msjelobs bunebis dacvis 

SesaZleblobebze. 


velos kulturul Rirs- 

SesaniSnaobebs da maT 

geografias; 

aanalizebs qarTuli eT- 

nografiisa da tradicie- 

bis geografiul Tavise- 

burebebs; 

msjelobs maTi amJamin- 

deli mdgomareobis Se- 

saxeb; saxavs maTi dacvis 

RonisZiebebs. 


velos regionebs da maTi 

dayofis principebs; 

swavlobs regionebis bu- 

nebas, resursebs da mo- 

saxleobis sameurneo saq- 

mianobas; 

106

saqarTvelo da 

msoflio – saer- 

TaSoriso ur- 

TierTo-bebi, sa- 

qarTvelos adgili 

msoflioSi. 

akavSirebs regionis bune- 

briv pirobebs qveynis 

ekonomikur ganviTarebas- 

Tan. 


velos adgils msoflios 

rukaze; swavlobs saerTa- 

Soriso urTierTobebs, 

kulturul, ekonomikur 

da politikur kavSirebs; 

gansazRvravs saqarTve- 

los adgils msoflioSi 

socialur-ekonomikuri 

parametrebis mixedviT. 

107

gakveTili 1 

Tema – urbanizacia saqarTveloSi 

gakveTilis mizani – moswavle gaecnos saqarTvelos qalaqebisa da 

dabebis funqciebs; 

gaigos urbanizaciisa da aglomeraciis Sinaarsi. 

enobrivi mizani – moswavlem Seiswavlos qalaqebTan dakavSirebuli 

terminebi; 

icodes qalaqebsa da dabebs Soris gansxvaveba. 

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi – urbanizacia, aglomeracia. 

funqciuri frazebi _ daasaxeleT, gansazRvreT, ras niSnavs, 


gaarkvieT, gaecaniT sqemas saxelmZRvaneloSi, 

daasaxeleT mizezebi. 

resursebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, sqemebi, cxrilebi, dafa, carci, 

formati. 

108

aqtivoba 1 

aqtivobebi: 

maswavlebeli klass aZlevs davalebas: 

daasaxeleT TqvenTvis cnobili saqarTvelos qalaqebi da dabebi, 

gansazRvreT maTi funqcia. 

maswavlebels mosmenili pasuxebis Seaqvs cxrilSi. magaliTad: 

qalaqebi, dabebi 

quTaisi 

qobuleTi 

abasTumani 

da a.S. 

dro 10 wuTi. 

* 

* 

qalaqi daba funqciuri 

* 

109 

datvirTva 

samrewvelo, sagan- 

manaTleblo,kulturuli,administraciuli – po- 

lifunqciuri 

sakurorto – mo- 

nofunqciuri 

sakurorto

aqtivoba 2 

maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvas: 

ras niSnavs ”urbanizacia” da ,,aglomeracia”? 

dro 5 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 3 

saxelmZRvanelos saSualebiT gaarkvieT, romeli qalaqebi da 

dabebi Seiqmna saqarTveloSi 1959-1979 wlebSi: 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 4 

maswavlebeli avalebs wyvilebs: 

gaecaniT sqemas saxelmZRvaneloSi da gansazRvreT, romeli regio- 

nia I da bolo adgilze sofelsa da qalaqSi mcxovrebTa ricxviT: 

regioni 

dro 10 wuTi. 

I adgilze _ 

bolo adgilze _ 

110

aqtivoba 5 

maswavlebeli klass warudgens sqemas _ Tbilisis aglomeraciad 

Camoyalibebis mizezebi: 

mosaxleobis raodenoba 

Tbilisis produqciis Seqmna 

funqciebi 

dro 10 wuTi. 

samrewvelo obieqtebi 

zrdis perspeqtiva 


111

gakveTili 2 

Tema – Tbilisi - saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi 

gakveTilis mizani – moswavle gaecnos Tbilisisa da sxva 

dedaqalaqebis mdebareoba; 

imsjelos Tbilisis ganviTarebis 

perspeqtivebze. 

enobrivi mizani – moswavlem iswavlos Tbilisisa da msoflios 

dedaqalaqebis mdebareoba; icodes Tbilisis 

RirsSesaniSnaobebisa da xedebis saxelwodebebi. 

Sesaswavli leqsika/frazebi – mikromdebareoba. 

funqciuri frazebi _ rogori qalaqia, moZebneT dedaqalaqebi, 


gansazRvreT, gaecaniT masalas, ra migaCniaT, 

dawereT Tema. 

resursebi _ msoflios politikuri ruka, saxelmZRvanelo, 

cxrilebi, Tbilisis fotoebi. 

112

aqtivoba 1 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli klass warudgens axal Temas – Tbilisi – sa- 

qarTvelos dedaqalaqi da sTxovs gaixsenon, wina or gakveTilze ra 

iswavles Tbilisis Sesaxeb – rogori qalaqia Tbilisi? 

Adro 5 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 2 

M maswavlebeli klass aCvenebs Tbilisis mdebareobas msoflios 

rukaze, saubrobs Tbilisis strategiulad moxerxebuli anu mi- 

kromdebareobis Sesaxeb da ganmartavs termins “mikromdebareoba”. 

dro 5 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 3 

maswavlebeli davalebas aZlevs wyvilebs: 

moZebneT dedaqalaqebi afrikaSi, romelTac aqvT periferiuli da 

centraluri mdebareoba. 

saxelmwifo periferiuli centraluri 

dro 10 wuTi. 

113

aqtivoba 4 

maswavlebeli saubrobs Tbilisis teritoriuli da mosax- 

leobis zrdis Sesaxeb. igi davalebas aZlevs wyvilebs: 

gaecaniT masalas saxelmZRvaneloSi da SeavseT cxrili: 

dro 15 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 5 

mosaxleobis 

maRali zrda 

(miuTieT weli) 

Tbilisi 

teritoriis zrda 

(1960-1974) 

114 

teritoriis zrda 

(1974-2007) 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs uTiTebs Tbilisis Zvel da axal 

xedebs saxelmZRvaneloSi. sasurvelia, maswavlebels winaswar 

hqondes momzadebuli Tbilisis RirsSesaniSnaobebis xedebi. 

xedebis daTvalierebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli davalebas aZlevs 

moswavleebs: 

ra migaCniaT Tbilisis RirsSesaniSnaobad da ra rols 

aniWebT mas qalaqis zrda-ganviTarebaSi? 

sakuTari fotoalbomidan moiZieT Tbilisis xedebi da 

SeZlebisdagvarad SeadareT isini sxva evropuli qalaqebis 

xedebs (moamzadon sagamofeno plakati); 

dawereT Tema – momavlis Tbilisi. 

dro 10 wuTi. 


X klasi 



1. geografiis Se- moswavle gaixsenebs, Tu moswavles SeuZlia 

savali. 

ras Seiswavlis geografia 

da rogor xdeboda misi 

ganviTareba; 

TemisaTvis mniSvnelovani 

terminebis qargaiazrebs 

Tanamedrove Tulad dasaxeleba, 

geografiis rolsa da daniSnulebas; 

imsjelebs, Tu ratom unda 

icis am 

qarTuli 

terminTa 

ganmarte- 

iswavlos geografia da bebi, SeuZlia sinoni- 

ra mniSvneloba aqvs mis 

codnas; 

SeZlebs daakavSiros Zveli 

da axali codna. 

muri sityvebiTa da 

aRweriTi msjelobiT 

terminTa Secvla da 

maTi meSveobiT mosa- 

2. geografiuli 

kvleva. 

moswavle gaecnoba geografiuli 

kvlevis Zvel 

da Tanamedrove meTodebs; 

zrebis gadmocema. 


SeZlebs axsnas, Tu ras sworad gamoiyenos is 

niSnavs geografiuli 

prognozireba da modelireba; 

konstruqciebi, romlebic 

sakiTxze msje- 

imsjelebs geografiul lobisas dasWirdeba. 

movlenebsa da procesebs 

Soris arsebul urTierTkavSirebze; 


ki SeuZlia erTi 

Caatarebs kvlevebs, riTac gramatikuli konst- 

axsnis geografiuli modelirebis 

praqtikul daniSnulebas; 

Cawvdeba kvlevis geosainruqciis 

sxva konstruqciiT 

Secvla 

ise, rom aagos swori 

formacio meTodis arsSi da gramatikulad ga- 

da gaigebs mis daniSnulebas.marTuli 

msjeloba. 

115

3. ruka da sxva 

geografiuli sa- 

Sualebebi. 

4. bunebrivi zonebis 

sameurneo 

aTviseba. 

5. bunebrivi resursebisgamoyeneba 

da garemos 

dacva. 

moswavle gaixsenebs geografiul 

rukasa da adgilis 

gegmas, maTi Sedgenis 

xerxebsa da formirebis 

gzebs; 

gaakeTebs rukisa da adgilis 

gegmis pirobiTi 

niSnebis analizs da axsnis 

maTi codnis mniSvnelobas; 

SeZlebs grafikebis, diagramebis, 

ilustra-ciebis 

wakiTxvas da maTi saSualebiT 

informaciis miRebas; 

konturuli rukis saSualebiT 

Seqmnis martiv 

geografiul rukas. 

moswavle gaixsenebs dedamiwis 

bunebriv zonebs; 

iswavlis adamianis mier 

bunebrivi zonebis aTvisebis 

meTodebs; 

daamyarebs mizezSedegobriv 

kavSirs mosaxleobasa 

da mis sameurneo saqmianobas 

Soris bunebrivi 

garemos aTvisebis dros; 

gaacnobierebs saresurso 

potencials da mis sasi- 

cocxlo daniSnulebas. 

moswavle gaakeTebs bunebrivi 

resursebis klasifikacias; 

imsjelebs bunebrivi resursebis 

mniSvnelobaze 

kacobriobisaTvis; 

dasaxavs garemoSi warmoqmnili 

ekologiuri 

problemebis gadaWris SesaZlo 

gzebs; 

gaakeTebs im RonisZiebaTa 

CamonaTvals, romelTa 

gatareba aucilebelia 

bunebrivi garemos Senar- 

Cunebisa da adamianis sicocxlisaTvis. 

116 




maze muSaobisas 

sWirdeba da SeuZlia 

am frazebis Tavad ga- 

moyenebac. 

moswavles esmis yve- 

la instruqcia, rac 

Temis irgvliv arse- 

bulisavarjiSo- ebisTvis sWirdeba da 

Tavadac SeuZlia amg- 

vari instruqciebis 

ageba. 



sxva specifikur da- 

valebebs sakiTxis 



lebis Seqmna in- 

struqciebis,Sesa- bamisi funqciuri 

frazebisa da kon- 

struqciebisgamo- yenebiT.

6. socialur-ekonomikuriganviTareba 

da geografiuli 

garemo. 

7. bunebis stiqiuri 

movlenebi da 

ekologiurad kritikuli 

regionebi. 

8. geografia TanamedrovemsoflioSi. 

moswavle gaecnoba bunebisa 

da sazogadoebis 

mdgradi ganviTarebis 

problemebs; 

gaaanalizebs araracionaluribunebaTsargeblobiT 

miRebul Sedegebs; 

ganixilavs meurneobis 

dargebis ganviTarebis gamo 

garemoSi mimdinare 

cvlilebebs da miRebul 

Sedegebs; 

miiRebs informacias da 

imsjelebs globaluri 

ekologiuri katastrofis 

Tavidan acilebis saSualebebis 

Sesaxeb. 

moswavle gaecnoba bunebaSi 

mimdinare stiqiur 

movlenebs da maT geografias; 

gaigebs, Tu rogor xdeba 

mewyruli da Rvarcofuli 

movlenebis kvleva; 

miiRebs informacias msoflios 

kritikuli ekologiuri 

regionebis Sesaxeb 

da imsjelebs 

problemebis ugulvebelyofiT 

miRebul Sedegebze; 

Seecdeba dasaxos kritikul 

regionebSi problemebis 

gadaWris SesaZlo 

gzebi. 

moswavle imsjelebs kacobriobis 

winaSe Tanamedrove 

geografiis rolze; 

gaecnoba geografiis, rogorc 

mecnierebis ganvi- 

TarebaSi axali etapis 

dawyebas da mis saWiroebebs. 

117

gakveTili 1 

Tema _ geografiis Seswavlis obieqti da miznebi 

gakveTilis miznebi _ moswavlem gaixsenos geografiis dargebi, 

misi Seswavlis obieqti da kvlevis meTodebi; 

daakavSiros erTmaneTTan geografiuli gar 

sis Semadgenel komponentebi; 

ecodineba bunebrivi resursebi da misi 

mravalferovneba. agreTve, geografiis 

mniSvneloba. 

enobrivi miznebi _ moswavlem icodes geografiis dargebi da 

kvlevis meTodebi; geografiuli garsi da misi 

Semadgenloba; bunebrivi resursebi da misi 

klasifikacia. 

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi _ sabunebismetyvelo da sazogadoeb- 

rivi geografia, aRwerilobiT da SedarebiTi 

meTodebi, geografiuli garemo, resursi, 

bunebrivi resursebis klasifikacia 

funqciuri frazebi _ ras niSnavs, daakavSire isrebiT, aris Tu ara 

saWiro. 


resursebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, sqemebi, dafa, carci. 

118

aqtivoba 1. 

aqtivobebi 

I. ras niSnavs sityva ,,geografia’’ 

,,geo” - miwa dedamiwis aRwera 

,,grafos”-aRwera 

II. geografiis mimarTulebebi 

sabunebismetyvelo 

sazogadoebrivi 

III. kvlevis meTodebi 

aRwerilobiTi SedarebiTi 

dro 10 wuTi. 

119

aqtivoba 2 

geografiuli garsis Semadgenloba 

liTosfero biosfero 

atmosfero hidrosfero 

liTosfero 

liTos_qvis 

garsi qerqi 

atmosfero 

120 

mantia guli/birTvi 

haeris ionosfero 

garsi stratosfero 

troposfero 

hidrosfero 

vakuumsfero 

okeaneebi 

zRvebi 

wylis 

garsi miwisqveSa 

wylebi 

xmeleTis 

wylebi 

zedapiruli wylebi

dro 15 wT. 

aqtivoba 3 

sicocxlis 

garsi 

mcenareebi 

biosfero 

cxovelebi 

adamianebi 

bunebrivi resursi franguli _ qarT. maragi 

aqtivoba 4 

bunebrivi resursebis klasifikacia 

gamolevadi gamoulevadi 

aRdgenadi 

dro 5 wuTi. 

aRudgenadi 

121

aqtivoba 5 

maswavlebeli wyvilebs aZlevs savarjiSos. 

qvemoT CamoTvlili bunebrivi resursebi daakavSireT isrebiT imis 

mixedviT, romeli gamolevadia da romeli _ gamoulevadi: 

msoflio okeanis 

qari 

niadagebi gamolevadi 

tyis 

mzis gamoulevadi 

wiaRiseuli 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 6 

maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvas: aris Tu ara saWiro geogra- 

fiis codna da risvis? 

maswavlebeli klass uTiTebs teqsts paragrafSi da sTxovs 

mis wakiTxvas. 

dro 5 wuTi. 


122

gakveTili 2 

Tema _ rukebi 

gakveTilis miznebi _ moswavlem gaixsenos geografiul da topo- 

grafiuli rukebi; 

SeZlos ganasxvaos rukebi Temis, DdaniSnule- 

bisa da masStabis mixedviT; 

SeZlos rukebis wakiTxva da maTi saSualebiT 

informaciis miReba. 

enobrivi miznebi _ moswavlem icodes rukebis klasifikacia, 

rukebis saxelwodebebi, maTze gamosaxuli 

obieqtebi da movlenebi, rukebi masStabis 

mixedviT. 

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi _ hidroqseli, samecniero da 

sacnobaro rukebi, socialur-ekonomikuri 

obieqtebis amsaxveli Tematuri rukebi. 

funqciuri frazebi _ ra aqvT saerTo, riT gansxvavdeba, romeli 

rukaa zogadi, romelia Tematuri, romel 

rukaze gamoisaxeba, gansazRvreT da pasuxebi 

SeitaneT. 


resursebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, msoflios fizikuri da politikur- 

administraciuli rukebi msoflios atlasi, sqemebi, 

cxrilebi, dafa, carci. 

123

aqtivoba 1 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli gakveTils iwyebs ramdenime rukis wardgeniT. 

mag: msoflios fizikuri da msoflios politikur-administraciuli, 

msoflios bunebrivi zonebis an klimaturi sartylebis da svams 

SekiTxvas: ra aqvT saerTo da riT gansxvavdebian es rukebi? 

maswavlebeli avalebs moswavleebs moifiqron pasuxi da gamosaxon 

dafaze venis diagramis meSveobiT. 

msoflios fizikuri msoflios politikuri 

dro 5 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 2 

saerTo 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs warudgens cxrils, romelSic mocemulia 

rukebis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi: 

124

Sinaarsi daniSnuleba sirTule masStabi 

zogadgeografiuli 

Tematuri 

dro 5 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 3 

saswavlo 

samecniero 

sacnobaro 

125 

martivi 

rTuli 

msxvili 

saSualo 

wvrili 

maswavlebeli yuradRebas amaxvilebs zogad da Tematur 

rukebze. igi iyenebs msoflios atlasSi warmodgenil rukebs da 

moswavleTa wyvilebs aZlevs davalebas: 

gansazRvreT da cxrilSi SeitaneT, romeli rukaa zogadi d 

romeli _ Tematuri? 

rukebi zogadi Tematuri 

msoflios fizikuri 

msoflios klimaturi 

sartylebis 

msoflios bunebrivi

msoflios 

mosaxleobis 

zonebis 

afrikis fizikuri 

samxreT amerikis 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 4 

fizikuri 

maswavlebeli moswavleTa wyvilebs avalebs, rveulebSi 

Seasrulon savarjiSo, romelsac igi dafaze xazavs. 

movlenebi? 

romel rukaze gamoisaxeba cxrilSi mocemuli obieqtebi da 

1 _ zogadgeografiul rukaze 2 _ Tematur rukaze. 

pasuxebi SeitaneT Sesabamisi obieqtis gaswvriv ujraSi: 

atmosferuli 

wneva 

Senobebi da 

xidebi 

126 

zafxulis 

gzebi cxovelebi qaris 

qalaqebi klimaturi 

sartylebi 

temperatura 

mimarTuleba 

mcenareuli 

safari 

borcvebi 

vulkanebi 

enobrivi 

jgufebi 

buCqebi mdinareebi myinvarebi mosaxleobis 

dro 10 wT. 

simWidrove

aqtivoba 5 

maswavlebeli dafaze xazavs sqemas wers sam ricxviT masStabs: 

1: 10 000; 

1: 150 000 

1: 15 000 000 

wvrili 

rukebi 

masStabis 

mixedviT 

saSualo 

127 

msxvili 

maswavlebeli klass aZlevs davalebas: sqemaSi Sesabamis ad- 

gilas SeitaneT mocemuli ricxviTi masStabebi. 

dro 5 wT. 

aqtivoba 6 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs afasebs saklaso aqtivobebSi. 

Sefasebis kriteriumebi SeiZleba iyos: 

- gakveTilSi CarTuloba 

- samuSaos droulad Sesruleba 

- Sinaarsis gageba 

- wyvilSi TanamSromloba

- davalebis zustad Sesruleba. 

qulebi: 0; 1; 2. 

maswavlebelma SeiZleba moswavleebs daurigos TviTSefasebis 

furclebi Semdegi kriteriumebiT: 

- vmonawileobdi saklaso samuSaoebis SesrulebaSi 

- Cemi wvlili Semqonda wyvilSi muSaobis dros 

- mesmoda samuSaos Sinaarsi 

- droulad da miTiTebis Sesabamisad vasrulebdi savarjiSoebs 

- SevZeli davalebis zustad Sesruleba 

qulebi _ 1; 1; 2. 

dro 10 wT. 

gakveTilis dasasruli 

128

XI klasi 


Temebi saswavlo miznebi enobrivi miznebi 

msoflios politi- 

kuri ruka da misi 

formirebis etapebi. 

msoflios qveynebis 

Tanamedrove tipo- 

logia. 

msoflios saerTa- 

Soriso organiza- 

ciebi. 

msoflios mosax- 

leoba – demografia 

da gansaxlebis Ta- 

viseburebebi;raso- moswavle ecnoba mso- 

flio politikuri rukis 

Camoyalibebis etapebs; 

msjelobs politikuri 

rukis cvlilebis mize- 

zebze. 

moswavle swavlobs mso- 

flios qveynebs sxvadaxva 

niSnis mixedviT; aana- 

lizebs ama Tu im qveynis 

adgils msoflioSi; soci- 

aluri da ekonomiku-ri 

parametrebis mixedviT. 

moswavle ecnoba mniSv- 

nelovan saerTaSoriso 

organizaciebs; msjelobs 

maT rolsa da daniSnu- 

lebaze msoflios ekono- 

mikur, politikur da 

samSvidobo Tvalsazri- 

siT. 



ricxobriv, demografiul 

da gansaxlebis Tavisebu- 

129 






martebebi, SeuZlia si- 

nonimuri sityvebiTa da 

aRweri-Ti msjelobiT 

terminTa Secvla da ma- 

Ti meSveobiT mosazrebis 

gadmocema. 



konstruqciebi, romleb- 

ic sakiTxze msjelobi- 

sas dasWirdeba. saWi- 

roebis SemTxvevaSi ki 

SeuZlia erTi gramati- 

kuli konstruqciis sxva 

konstruqciiT Secvla 

ise, rom aagos swori da 

gramatikulad gamarTu- 

li msjeloba. 

moswavlem icis yvela im 

funqciuri frazis 

mniSvneloba, rac Temaze 

muSaobisas sWirdeba da 

SeuZlia am frazebis 

Tavad gamoyenebac.

ivi, eTnikuri, 

lingvisturi da 

religiuri mraval- 

ferovneba;msoflios mosaxleobis 

cxovrebis xarisxi. 

msoflios regionebi 

– evropa: didi rvia- 

nis didi xuTeuli 

da danarCeni evropa. 

azia: samxreT- 

dasavleTi, samxre- 

Ti, samxreT- 

aRmosavleTi da aR- 

mosavleTi. 

CineTi – saocari 

cvlilebebi. 

iaponia _ teqnolo- 

giuri giganti. 

amerika 

CrdiloeTi: aSS - 

supersaxelmwifo 

kanada – daTvebis 

mxare. 

Sua amerika _ som- 

breros samSoblo. 

samxreTi: brazilia 

_ peles samSoblo. 

rebebs; msjelobs cvli- 

lebebze da maT warmom- 

Sob mizezebze; aanali- 

zebs mosaxleobis gan- 

saxlebis Taviseburebebsa 

da cxovrebis xarisxis 

ganmsazRvrel faqtorebs. 

moswavle ecnoba msof- 

lios msxvil regionebs 

da maTSi Semaval saxelm- 

wifoebs; adarebs qveynebs 

sxvadasxva maxasiaTeble- 

bis mixedviT da msje- 

lobs msgavseba _ gansxva- 

vebebze; aanalizebs teri- 

toriuli da geopoliti- 

kuri faqtorebis gavlenas 

sazogadoebis ganviTare- 

baze. 

130 





lia amgvari instruqcie- 

bis ageba. 


asrulebs tests an sxva 

specifikur davalebebs 

sakiTxis irgvliv da 

Tavadac SeuZlia amgvari 

davalebis Seqmna in- 

struqciebis, Sesabami-si 

funqciuri frazebisa da 

konstruqciebis gamo- 

yenebiT.

afrika 

somali _ siRaribis 

polusi. 

maroko _ maRribis 

margaliti. 

sar _ TeTrebi da 

Savebi. 

avstralia _ kengu- 

ruebis samSoblo 

131

gakveTili 1 

Tema – msoflios mosaxleobis rasobrivi struqtura 

gakveTilis mizani – moswavleebi gaecnon msoflios mosaxleobis 

rasobriv struqturas da maT gansaxlebas; 

ZiriTad, mikro da Sereul rasebs. agreTve, 

msoflios xalxebs rasobrivi kuTvnilebis 

mixedviT. 

enobrivi mizani – moswavleebma icodnen msoflios mosaxleobis 

ganmasxvavebeli niSnebis dasaxeleba; SeZlon 

rasebisa da xalxebis CamoTvla. agreTve, maTi 

warmoSobisa da gansaxlebis adgilebis 

dasaxeleba. 

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi – avstraloidi, Sereuli rasebi, mi- 

krorasebi, mulati, metisi, sambo, rasizmi, apar- 

teidi. 

funqciuri frazebi _ gaecaniT gakveTilis teqsts, SeavseT qvemoT 


mocemuli cxrili, ra iciT? 

resursebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, formati, markeri, dafa, carci. 

132

aqtivoba 1 

aqtivobebi: 

maswavlebeli klass warudgens gakveTilis Temas _ msoflios 

mosaxleobis struqtura da formarze an dafaze akeTebs Sesabamis 

sqemas: 

rasobrivi 

dro 5 wuTi 

aqtivoba 2 


struqtura 

maswavlebeli dafaze akeTebs asociaciuri kavSirebis sqemas _ 

msoflios rasebi: 

indielebi 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 3 

eTnikuri lingvisturi/ 

enobrivi 

religiuri 

ekvatoruli evropeoidebi 

afrika 

msoflios 

rasebi 

monRoloiduri 

amerika azia 

133 

Cinelebi 

evropa

maswavlebeli saubrobs msoflios mosaxleobis rasobriv 

struqturaze, moswavleebs Seaxsenebs maTTvis cnobil sam rasas: 

evropeoiduls, negroiduls, monRoloidurs. yuradRebas amaxvilebs 

meoTxe – avstraloidur rasaze. mohyavs %-uli monacemebi msof- 

lios mosaxleobis rasobriv ganawilebaze. Semdeg ganixilavs mcire 

anu mikrorasebsa da Sereul rasebs. dafaze akravs formats, ro- 

melzec winaswar aqvs momzadebuli mikro da Sereuli rasebis 

struqtura: 

evropeoiduli rasa 

samxreT CrdiloeT 

evropeoiduli evropeoiduli 

Sereuli rasa 

metisi mulati sambo 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 4 

maswavlebeli moswavleTa wyvilebs aZlevs davalebas: 

gaecaniT gakveTilis teqsts da SeavseT qvemoT mocemuli cxrili. 

cxrils maswavlebeli dafaze xazavs. 

magaliTad: 

134

E evropeoiduli 

Crdilo 

norvegielebi 

da 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 5 

samxreTi 

qarTvelebi 

a.S. 

rasebi da xalxebi 

monRoloiduri negroiduli Sereuli 

Cinelebi afrikuli 

135 

tomebi 

eTiopelebi 

mulatebi 

maswavlebeli klass usvams SekiTxvas: ra iciT rasizmisa da apar- 

teidis Sesaxeb? 

maswavlebeli ismens moswavleTa mosazrebebs, acnobs saxelmZRva- 

neloSi mocemul ganmartebebs da saubrobs rasizmisa da aparteidis 

SemTxvevebze msoflioSi. 

dro 10 wuTi. 

gakveTilis dasasruli

gakveTili 2 

Tema – evropa 

gakveTilis mizani – moswavleebi gaecnon evropis regions da masSi 

Semaval qveynebs, maT mdebareobas da statuss 

ganviTarebis donis mixedviT. 

enobrivi mizani – moswavleebma icodnen evropis regionebisa da 

masSi Semavali qveynebis dasaxeleba, mikrora- 

sebi evropaSi da Sesabamisi xalxebi, didi 

xuTeulisa da didi rvianis wevri qveynebi, evro- 

pa-aziis sazRvris obieqtebis saxelwodebebi. 

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi – „didi rviani”; „didi xuTeuli”. 

funqciuri frazebi _ daarqvi saxeli, ras daarqmevdi? gaixseneT da 

dro _ 45 wuTi 

rukaze aCveneT. 

resursebi _ formati, saxelmZRvanelo, evraziis (evropis) 

politikuri ruka, evraziis an msoflios 

fizikuri ruka. 

136

aqtivoba 1 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli klass warudgens gakveTilis Temas _ evropa da ac- 

nobs evropis teritoriul struqturas: 

dasavleTi 

centraluri 

safrangeTi Sveicaria 

dro 10 wuTi. 

evropa 

samxreTi 

137 

italia 

CrdiloeTi 

saqarTvelo 

islandia 

aRmosavleTi

aqtivoba 2 

CrdiloeT evropeoidebi 

skandinavielebi 

mikrorasebi evropaSi 

138 

samxreT 

evropeoidebi 

kavkasielebi 

maswavlebeli ganmartavs sqemas da ambobs, rom evropa evro- 

peoiduli rasis samSobloa. Seaxsenebs moswavleebs mikrorasebs _ 

CrdiloeT da samxreT evropeoidebs da Sereul rasebs. magaliTad, 

CrdiloeTi _ skandinavielebi, samxreTi _ kavkasielebi, Sereuli _ 

slavebis umetesoba. 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 3 

maswavlebeli iyenebs evraziis an msoflios fizikur rukas 

da moswavleebs aZlevs davalebas: 

gaixseneT da rukaze aCveneT evropa-aziis sazRvari. 

dro 5 wuTi.

aqtivoba 4 

evropis ,,didi xuTeuli” _ daarqvi saxeli: 

ruseTi 

germania 

didi britaneTi 

safrangeTi 

italia 

139 

ras daarqmevdi? 

magaliTisTvis maswavlebeli Seaxsenebs moswavleebs, rom nider- 

landebi rembrandtis samSoblod moixsenieba. 

dro 10 wuTi. 

aqtivoba 5 

maswavlebeli aRniSnavs, rom evropis “didi xuTeuli” msof- 

lios “didi rvianis” wevria. igi davalebas aZlevs klass: 

aSS 

iaponia 

germania 

,,didi rviani” dedaqalaqi kontinenti 

didi britaneTi 

safrangeTi 

italia 

kanada/avstralia 

ruseTi 

dro 10 wuTi. 


XII klasi 


Tema swavlebis miznebi enobrivi miznebi 

1. globaluri proble- 

mebi, globalizacia. 

2. buneba da sazoga- 

doeba. globaluri 

ekologiuri probleme- 

bi. 

Mmoswavle swavlobs 

saerTaSoriso masStabis 

aqtualur globalur 

problemebs da maT ga- 

momwvev mizezebs; 

gansazRvravs cnebebs 

,,globaluri’’ da ,,glo- 

balizacia’’; 

msjelobs globaluri 

problemebis gamomwvevi 

mizezebisa da Sedegebis 

Sesaxeb; 

msjelobs globalizaci- 

is dadebiT da uaryofiT 

mxareebze; 

gamoTqvams mosazrebas 

globalizaciis progre- 

sulobisa da safrTxis 

Sesaxeb. 


adamianis saqmianobis 

Sedegad warmoqmnil 

globalur problemebs: 

gamoTqvams varauds maTi 

SesaZlo ganviTarebis 

Sesaxeb. 

140 






martebebi, SeuZlia 

sinonimuri sityvebiTa 

da aRweri-Ti msjelo- 

biT terminTa Secvla 

da maTi meSveobiT mo- 

sazrebis gadmocema. 



konstruqciebi, rom- 

lebic sakiTxze msje- 

lobisas dasWirdeba. 


ki SeuZlia erTi gra- 

matikulikonstruq- ciis sxva konstruq- 

ciiT Secvla ise, rom 

aagos swori da gra- 

matikulad gamarTuli 

msjeloba. 




maze muSaobisas sWir- 

deba da SeuZlia am

3. liTosfero da mas- 

Tan dakavSirebuli 

problemebi. 

4. globaluri 

klimaturi 

problemebi. 


liTosferos aTvisebis 

sakiTxebs; 

msjelobs mTiani regio- 

nebis reliefis da zo- 

gadad reliefis gar- 

daqmnis problemebze, 

stiqiuri movlenebis aq- 

tivizaciis sakiTxebze; 

gansazRvravs liTosfe- 

ros usafrTxo aTvisebi- 

sa da mTiani teritorie- 

bisbiomravalferovne- bis SenarCunebis sakiT- 

xebs, energetikuli re- 

sursebis moxmarebis Ta- 

namedrove tendenciebsa 

da masTan dakavSirebul 

mosalodnel Sedegebs. 

Mmoswavle ecnoba Tana- 

medrove klimatsa da mis 

geografiul Tavisebure- 

bebs, atmosferos dabin- 

Zu-rebis ZiriTad wya- 

roebs, ,,saTburis 

efeqts’’; 

Mmsjelobs havis globa- 

luri cvlilebebis, 

globaluri daTbobisa 

da havis cvalebadobis 

Tanamedrove tenden- 

ciebze; 

gamoTqvams varauds kli- 

141 

frazebis Tavad gamoye- 

nebac. 





lia amgvari instruq- 

ciebis ageba. 



sxva specifikur dava- 

lebebs sakiTxis 



lebis Seqmna instruq- 

ciebis, Sesabamisi 

funqciuri frazebisa 

da konstruqciebis ga- 

moyenebiT.

5. hidrosfero da 

wyalTan dakavSirebu- 

li problemebi. 

6. msoflio okeanis 

problemebi. 

7. pedosfero da miwis 

resursebTan dakavSi- 

rebuli problemebi. 

matis cvlilebebTan da- 

kavSirebuli Sedegebis 

Sesaxeb. 

moswavle swavlobs hi- 

drosferosa da wyalTan 

dakavSirebul proble- 

mebs; 

aanalizebs zedapiruli 

da miwisqveSa wylebis 

saresurso mniSvnelobas; 

msjelobs wylis moxma- 

rebasa da dabinZurebas- 

Tan dakavSirebuli pro- 

blemebis Sesaxeb. 


msoflio okeanis wyle- 

bis dabinZurebis wya- 

roebsa dad a maT gav- 

lenas okeanur resur- 

sebze; 

msjelobs msoflio 

okeanis resursebis ga- 

moyenebis problemebze, 

sanapiro zolis degra- 

daciis Tanamedrove 

masStabebze; 

gansazRvravs proble- 

mebis gadaWris gzebs. 

moswavle ecnoba nia- 

dagwarmomqmnelfaqto- rebs, niadagebis bune- 

briv tipebs da maTi 

formebis Tavisebure- 

142

8. cocxali bunebisa 

da biomravalferovne- 

bis SenarCunebis 

problema. 

9. globaluri 

politikuri 

problemebi. 

bebs, pedosferosTan da- 

kavSirebul globalur 

funqciebs; 

msjelobs miwis resur- 

sebis gamoyenebis prob- 

lemebze. 

moswavle ecnoba coc- 

xali samyaros Taname- 

drove mdgomareobas; 

msjelobs mcenareuli 

resursebis araraciona- 

lur gamoyenebasTan da- 

kavSirebul Sedegebze; 

aanalizebs biomravalfe- 

rovnebis SemcirebasTan 

dakavSirebul ekolo- 

giur mdgomareobas. 


geopolitikis cnebas da 

mis klasikur Teoriebs; 

mimoixilavs omisa da 

mSvidobis problemebs 

msoflioSi; 

msjelobs mSvidobis Se- 

narCunebisa da gani- 

araRebis problemebze, 

SeiaraRebuli konfliq- 

tebis xasiaTsa da maT 

warmomSob mizezebze, 

saxelmwifos niSnebze, 

funqciebsa da formebze, 

globalistur da anti- 

globalistur xedvebze; 

143

10. globaluri 

ekonomikuri 

problemebi. 

ecnoba globalizaciasa 

da saerTaSoriso urTi- 

erTobebs, Tanamedrove 

saerTaSoriso sistemis 

globalur tendenciebs; 

akeTebs terorizmis 

mokle geografiul mi- 

moxilvas; 

swavlobs terorizmis 

saxeebs da formebs; 

ganixilavs saerTaSori- 

so terorizms, rogorc 

globalur problemas 

dam is Sedegebs; 

swavlobs demokratiisa 

da adamianis uflebebis 

dacvis sakiTxebs; 

ecnoba demokratiisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebel niSnebs; 

akeTebs analizs demo- 

kratiis istoriuli wa- 

namZRvrebisa da Rire- 

bulebebis Sesaxeb. 

moswavle swavlobs ka- 

cobriobis nedleuliT 

uzrunvelyofis prob- 

lemebis zogad niSnebs 

da misi gadaWris gzebs; 

ikvlevs energiis alte- 

rnatiul wyaroebs; 

gansazRvravs sanedle- 

ulo resursebis momav- 

lis perspeqtivebs; 

144

11. globaluri 

socialuri probleme- 

bi. 

ganixilavs ekonomikuri 

globalizaciis zogad 

niSnebs da masTan dakav- 

Sirebul problemebs; 

msjelobs ganviTarebadi 

qveynebis ekonomikuri 

CamorCenilobis proble- 

mebis daZlevis gzebze; 

aanalizebs saqarTvelos 

ganviTarebis ZiriTad 

mimarTulebebs ekono- 

mikuri globalizaciis 

pirobebSi. 

moswavle ecnoba kaco- 

briobis sursaTiT uz- 

runvelyofisa da Sim- 

Silis problemas; 

msjelobs sasursaTo 

problemis gadaWris 

gzebze; 

swavlobs daavadebebis 

geografias da jan- 

mrTelobis dacvis zo- 

gad Taviseburebebs; 

ganixilavs globalur 

daavadebebs da maT Se- 

degebskacobriobisaT- vis; 

mimoixilavs siRaribis 

problemas da umuSev- 

robasa da usaxlkarobas 

ganixilavs, rogorc si- 

Raribis safuZvlebs; 

145

G12. globaluri 

demografiuli 

problemebi. 

ganixilavs ganaTlebis 

problemebs, kerZod, 

uwignurobis, dawyebiTi, 

saSualo da umaRlesi 

ganaTlebisaTvis damax- 

asiaTebel problemebs 

msoflioSi; 

msjelobs kriminaluri 

problemebis Sesaxeb. 

kerZod, danaSaulis, 

narkobiznesis, trefi- 

kingis, korufciis masS- 

tabebze da maT Sede- 

gebze; 

gansazRvravs kulturis 

globalizaciis cnebas; 

ecnoba Tanamedrove 

kulturuli globali- 

zaciis formebs; 

msjelobs dasavluri 

Rirebulebebis globa- 

lizaciis masStabebze; 

aanalizebs mis dadebiT 

da uaryofiR mxareebs. 

moswavle swavlobs zo- 

gadad msoflios da 

amasTan, ganviTarebadi 

samyaros demografiul 

problemebs; 

msjelobs mosaxleobis 

dinamikis tendenciebsa 

da depopulaciis maCve- 

neblebze; 

146

13. globaluri eTni- 

kuri da kulturuli 

problemebi. 

ganixilavs migraciis 

mizezebs da Tanamedrove 

migrantebis problemebs 

msoflioSi; 

aanalizebs mosaxleobis 

gansaxlebisa da simWi- 

drovis problemebs; 

msjelobs urbanizaciis 

sakiTxebsa da Taname- 

drove qalaqebisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebel proble- 

mebze; 

ganixilavs demografi- 

uli politikis saxeebs, 

mis safuZvlebs da mo- 

salodnel Sedegebs. 

moswavle ganixilavs 

eTnikur mravalferovne- 

bas da eTnosis dayo- 

fasTan dakavSirebul 

problemebs; 

swavlobs eTnikuri pro- 

cesis stadiebs; 

msjelobs eTnikuri 

konfliqtebis warmomSob 

mizezebze da maT masS- 

tabebze msoflioSi; 

ecnoba rasobriv da re- 

ligiur problemebs; 

msjelobs nacionaliz- 

misa da globalizaciis 

urTierTmimarTebaze; 

gamoTqvams varauds na- 

147

14.globaluri 

problemebi: momavlis 

perspeqtivebi. 

cionalizmis pers- 

peqtivebze. 

moswavle aanalizebs 

globaluri problemebis 

saSiSroebas kacobri- 

obis sicocxlesa da 

ganviTarebaSi; 

ayalibebs momavlis 

ekologiuri sura- 

Tis,politikuri ganvi- 

Tarebisa da socialur- 

ekonomikuriprobleme- bis daZlevis sakuTar 

xedvas; 

cdilobs gansazRvros 

kacobriobis globalu- 

ri demografiuli mdgo- 

mareoba da momavlis 

perspeqtivebi; 

msjelobs eTnokultu- 

rebis momavalze glo- 

balizaciis procesSi. 

148

gakveTili 1 

Tema _ kacobriobis globaluri problemebi 

gakveTilis miznebi _ moswavleebi miiReben informacias msoflio 

masStabis problemebis Sesaxeb; eqnebaT SesaZ- 

lebloba Seasrulon sxvadasxva tipis davaleba. 

enobrivi mizani _ moswavleebi SeZleben globaluri problemebis 

dasaxelebas da maTi gamomwvevi mizezebis 

CamoTvlas; 

gaakeTeben globalur problemebTan 

dakavSirebul terminTa ganmartebebs. 

Sesaswavli leqsika/terminebi _ globaluri problemebi, garemos 

degradacia, baqteriologiuri iaraRi, 

toqsikuri nivTierebebi, pesticidebi, sayofa- 

cxovrebo aerozolebi, trefikingi. 

funqciuri frazebi _ waikiTxeT pirveli qveTavi saxelmZRvaneloSi, 


gaakeTeT terminTa ganmarteba 

resursebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, formatebi, markerebi, sqemebi, cxrili. 

149

aqtivoba 1 

aqtivobebi: 

demografiuli 

janmrTelobis dacvis 

sursaTis problema 

wylebis dabinZureba 

ekologiuri problemebi 

pesticidebi da niadagis dabinZureba 

kosmosis mSvidobiani aTvisebis 

dro 5 wT 

aqtivoba 2 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs davalebas: 

150 

globaluri problemebi 

waikiTxeT pirveli qveTavi da gaecaniT globalur problemebs 

(paragrafis pirveli qveTavi). 

dro 10 wT 

aqtivoba 3 

maswavlebeli klass hyofs jgufad an wyvilebad da aZlevs 

gansaxilvelad konkretul Temebs: 

I jgufi _ demografiuli problemebi 

II jgufi _ janmrTelobis dacvis 

III jgufi _ sursaTis 

IV jgufi _ wylis 

V jgufi _ ekologiuri

VI jgufi _ niadagis dabinZureba 

VII jgufi _ kosmosis mSvidobiani aTvisebis 

maswavlebeli avalebs jgufebs: 

gamoiyeneT saxelmZRvanelo da informacia warmoadgineT cxrilis 

saxiT 

problema raSi mdgomareobs anu 

arsi 

ekologiuri cocxali organizmebis 

dro 20 wT 

aqtivoba 4 

kleba an gadaSeneba 

gaakeTeT terminTa ganmarteba: 

151 

ram gamoiwvia 

tyeebis gaCexvam, 

brakonierobam 

globaluri yovlismomcveli 

garemos degradacia 

baqteriologiuri iaraRi 

toqsikuri nivTierebebi 

pesticidebi 

trefikingi 

sayofacsovrebo aerozolebi 

dro 10 wT 

gakveTilis dasasruli

gakveTili 2 

Tema _ globalizacia _ sikeTe Tu ubedureba 

gakveTilis miznebi _ moswavleebi gaecnobian globalizaciis arss 

da masTan dakavSirebul movlenebs. aseve 

mosazrebebsa da mimdevrebs; 

imsjeleben globalizaciis dadebiT da uar- 

yofiT mxareebze; 

gamoTqvamen mosazrebebs globalizaciis pro- 

gresulobisa da safrTxis Sesaxeb. 

enobrivi mizani _ moswavleebi SeZleben globalizaciis safrTxee- 

bisa Tu dadebiTi mxareebis dasaxelebas da 

CamoTvlas; iswavlian da aiTviseben globaliza- 

ciasTan dakavSirebul terminTa ganmartebebs. 

Sesaswavli leqsika / terminebi _ globalizacia, internacionali- 

zacia, liberalizacia, universalizacia, 

vesternizacia, deteritorizacia, globalisti- 

ka, hiperglobalistebi, skeptikosebi, trans- 

formacionistebi. 

dro _ 45 wuTi 

resursebi _ saxelmZRvanelo, dafa, carci. 

152

aqtivoba 1. 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli gakveTilis axsnas iwyebs nacnobi da ucnobi cnebebis 

_ globaluri problemebisa da globalizaciis SedarebiT. 

globaluri problemebi globalizacia 

dro 10 wT 

aqtivoba 2 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs saxelmZRvaneloSi gaecnon 

masalas ,,globalizaciis cneba da arsi’’. 

dro 5 wT 

153

aqtivoba 3 

maswavlebeli avalebs wyvilebs: 

gamoiyeneT wakiTxuli da gansazRvreT globalizaciis dadebiTi da 

uaryofiTi mxareebi 

dro 10 wuTi 

aqtivoba 4 

dadebiTi uaryofiTi 

maswavlebeli wyvilebs aZlevs davalebas: 

gaecaniT masalas saxelmZRvaneloSi da gansazRvreT, vin arian 

hiperglobalistebi, skeptikosebi da transformacionistebi? 

hiperglobalistebi skeptikosebi transformacionistebi 

dro 10 wuTi 

154

aqtivoba 5 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs afasebs saklaso davalebebis komponent- 

Si. 

Sefasebis kriteriumebi SeiZleba iyos: 

- yuradRebis mobilizeba da CarTuloba 

- teqstze muSaoba 

- SinaarsSi wvdoma da davalebis sizuste 

- davalebis droulad esruleba 

- wyvilSi TanamSromloba 

qulebi 0, 1, 2. 

gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli klass aZlevs weriT saSinao da- 

valebas: 

globalizacia _ progresi Tu safrTxe. 

dro 5 wuTi 


155

ekomendebuli funqciuri frazebi sxvadasxva 

sagnis maswavleblebisTvis 

1. misalmeba da socialuri kontaqti 

_ dila mSvidobisa! 

_ gamajobaT! rogor brZandebiT? 

_ gamarjobaT, bavSvebo! dasxediT! 

_ gamajobaT! daviwyoT muSaoba! 

_ mogesalmebiT! daikaveT Tqveni adgilebi! 

2. moswavlis gamokiTxva, misi gamoZaxebis gziT 

_ ... (moswavlis saxeli), modi, geTayva, mogviyevi ... ! 

_ ... (moswavlis saxeli), gTxov, gamodi dafasTan! 

156 

danarTi 

_ ... (moswavlis saxeli), SegiZlia ganmarto / Camoayalibo / daa- 

saxelo / dawero / gvaCveno ... ? 

_ ... (moswavlis saxeli), gTxov, ganmarte / Camoayalibe / daasax- 

ele / CamoTvale / dawere / gvaCvene ... ! 

3. movaleobebis gadanawileba 

_ msurvelebi xom ar arian? 

_ mWirdeba damxmare, romelic... . 

_ romel Tqvengans surs? 

_ aris vinme, vinc mzad iqneboda... ? 

_ Tu arc erTs ar surs, maSin gTxov Sen, ... (moswavlis saxeli), 

moitane / gaarkvie... ! 

_ me gavanawileb movaleobebs.

_ kargi, ... (moswavlis saxeli), gTxov moitane...! xolo Sen, ... 

(moswavlis saxeli), unda gawmindo dafa! 

_ Semdeg kviraSi ... (moswavlis saxeli) da ... (moswavlis saxeli) 

Seasruleben Semdeg movaleobebs: ... 

_ Semdeg kviraSi morigeebi iqnebian ... (moswavlis saxeli) da ... 

(moswavlis saxeli). 

_ ... (moswavlis saxeli), gTxov, daarige furclebi / gawminde 

dafa / moitane wignebi / daalage klasi / gaaRe fanjara! 

neli! 

_ ... (moswavlis saxeli), Sen iqnebi TamaSis wamyvani / xelmZRva- 

4. gancxadebebi 

_ dRes viwyeb axal Temas ... -is Sesaxeb. 

_ gakveTilis bolos Catardeba testi / Tavisufal Temaze ... . 

_ axla gagacnobT sakontrolo samuSaos Sedegebs. 

_ Semdeg gakveTilze muzeumSi mivdivarT eqskursiaze. 

_ xval mokle gakveTili iqneba, radganac skolaSi Tojinebis 

Teatris speqtakli / sportuli Sejibri / maswavlebelTa kreba 

tardeba. 

_ momaval kviraSi / Semdeg gakveTilze sakontrolo weraa. 

_ paraskevs, 18 saaTze mSobelTa krebaa. 

_ yuradReba! gakveTilebis cxrili Seicvala! 

_ am gakveTilis Semdeg ... . 

5. saSinao davalebebis akreba 

_ gadaSaleT Tqveni rveulebi. 

_ saSinao davaleba yvelam ukve dawera / Seasrula / gaakeTa / 

gaigo / SeZlo dasruleba. 

157

6. wina gakveTilis Temis gameoreba 

_ gasul / wina gakveTilze Cven vsaubrobdiT / davwereT ... . 

_ gavimeoroT mTavari cnebebi! 

_ gaixseneT cnebebi, romelic ganvixileT ... ! 

_ ra darCa TqvenTvis gaugebari wina gakveTilze axsnili 

masalidan? 

_ gavixsenoT ramdenime faqti / TariRi / cneba / wesi / mizezebi / 

warmoqnis mizezebi! 

_ daasaxeleT wina gakveTilze naswavli terminebi! 

_ CamoayalibeT ...! 

_ gadaSaleT wignebi da gaimeoreT ...! 

7. axali Temis wardgena 

_ am kviraSi ganvagrZob saubars ...-is Sesaxeb. 

_ dRes gavecnobiT ... . 

_ daviwyoT ... Temis ganxilva / Seswavla. 

_ dRes SevavsebT ... -is Sesaxeb Semajamebel cxrils. 

_ aseTi problemis gadawyvetas SevecdebiT: ... . 

_ Tqven ras fiqrobT, ra aris ... ? 

_ dRes wina gakveTilze dawyebul Temis ... Sesaxeb gavagrZelebT 

musaobas / saubars. 

8. Temis, konkretuli detalebis ganmarteba: 

8.1. SekiTxvebi 

Txovna, gamoTqvan azri: 

_ ras fiqrob am sakiTxze / Temaze / mosazrebaze? 

_ ra azri / warmodgena gaqvs am sakiTxze? 

158

_ ras fiqrob ...-ze? 

_ eTanxmebi am mosazrebas / gamonaTqvams? 

_ safuZvlianad geCveneba es Tu ara? 

_ Sen ra mosazreba gaqvs? 

_ eTanxmebi amas? 

_ Sen rogor geCveneba? 

SekiTxvebi faqtebis Sesaxeb: 

_ romelia udidesi ... ? 

_ ra aris umTavresi ... ? 

_ rodis daiwyo / dasrulda ... ? 

_ sad mdebareobs ... ? 

_ ra simaRlisaa... ? 

_ romel jgufs miekuTvneba ... ? 

_ sad gaemgzavra ... ? 

_ ramden xans iarseba ... ? 

_ ra iyo ... ? 

Txovna, ganmarton: 

_ es rogor xdeba? 

_ Seni sityvebiT agvixseni! 

_ ra aris am moqmedebis mizezebi / Sedegebi? 

_ risTvis iqneboda es sasargeblo ... ? 

_ ratom moxda ... ? 

_ rogor gaxda ... ? 

Txovna, daamtkicon: 

_ SegiZlia ganmarto amwuTas naTqvami? 

_ SegiZlia daamtkico Seni mosazreba / gamonaTqvami? 

_ SegiZlia raime dokumentis / avtoritetuli avtoris citireba? 

159

_ es mosazreba safuZvlianad geCveneba? 

ras fiqroben danarCenebi? 

daskvnis gakeTebis Txovna 

_ gTxov, miTxari ra aris am TavSi / naSromSi ZiriTadi / 

mniSvnelovani? 

_ ra iyo am Tavis / naSromis mTavari azri? 

_ gTxov, am Tavis / naSromis / Temis Sesaxeb Sesaxeb mokle 

Sinaarsi dawere! 

_ rogor ggonia, ra iyo umniSvnelovanesi TariRebi / movlenebi / 

adgilebi am ... ? 

8.2. plakatebis da sxva vizualuri masalis 

gamoyeneba 

_ plakatze gamosaxulia / naCvenebia ... . 

_ dRevandel gakveTilze gamoviyenebT plakats / sqemas / films, 

raTa vnaxoT ... . 

_ ras adasturebs es eqsperimenti / es savarjiSoebi...? 

_ wignSi mocemuli naxatebi / gamosaxulebebi / cxrilebi 

gvaZlevs informacias ... . 

_ rukaze / wignSi / cxrilSi / koleqciaSi / cxrilSi SegiZliaT 

ixiloT ... . 

_ ra saintereso faqtebi / movlenebi naxeT am ... ? 

8.3. terminologia 

_ gavimeoroT aTvisebuli terminebi! 

_ amoiwere terminebi teqstidan! ganmarte isini! 

_ ipove teqstSi terminis aseTi ganmarteba: ... ! 

_ es sityva ... TargmanSi niSnavs ... . 

_ es termini rveulSi CaviniSnoT! 

160

8.4. mniSvnelobis, Targmanis Sesaxeb SekiTxvebi 

_ ra aris am sityvis mniSvneloba / cnebis definicia? 

_ es cneba Seni sityvebiT ganmarte! 

_ rogor iTargmneba es ... enaze? 

_ rogor iTqmis es ... enaze? 

8.5. kiTxva 

_ waikiTxe teqsti wignis ... gverdze! 

_ ra aris teqstis mTavari azri / dedaazri? 

_ waikiTxe teqsti da dawere gegma / mokle Sinaarsi! 

_ ipove teqstSi aseT kiTxvebze pasuxebi: ... ! 

8.6. Temebis dakavSireba axali Temis axsnis dros 

movlenebis Tanmimdevroba 

_ pirvel rigSi, ... , Semdeg ... . 

_ daviwyoT imiT, rom ... . 

_ upirveles yovlisa ... . 

_ Tavidan ... . 

_ daaxloebiT 2000 wels ... . 

_ maSin ... da Semdeg ... . 

_ ese igi ... amis Sedegad ... . 

_ am drois ganmavlobaSi ... . 

_ da bolos ... . 

_ dasasrul ... . 

movlenebis mniSvneloba: 

_ yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac unda gavigoT, aris ... . 

_ mTavari problema is iyo, rom ... . 

_ kidev ufro mniSvnelovani is iyo, rom ... . 

_ gasaocari is iyo, rom ... . 

161

azris gamoTqma: 

_ Cemi azriT, ... . 

_ me vfiqrob, rom ... . 

_ me mimaCnia, rom ... . 

_ me vityodi, rom ... . 

_ SesaZlebelia, ise iyos, rom ... ? 

_ SesaZlebelia, rom ... . 

_ me maqvs eWvi, rom ... . 

_ me vgrZnob, rom ... . 

_ veWvob, rom ... . 

_ oficialuri azri aris - ... . 

SeTavazeba: 

_ me maqvs SemoTavazeba ... . 

_ SegviZlia ... . 

_ iqneb SegviZlia ... ? 

_ erTi xerxi, romlis daxmarebiTac SegviZlia situaciis gaum- 

jobeseba, aris ... . 

_ ar SegviZlia ... ? 

_ iqneb mogvesinja ... . 

_ Tqvens adgilze me movsinjavdi ... . 

_ adre Cven yovelTvis ... . 

_ tradiciuli midgoma aseTia: ... . 

_ ase moviqceT: ... . 

_ xom ar ajobebda, rom ... ? 

raime TemaSi CaRrmaveba: 

_ aqve ... . 

_ kidev ... . 

162

_ kidev ufro ... . 

_ aq gviCndeba SekiTxva ... . 

_ Tumca, ZiriTadi azri isaa, rom ... . 

_ am faqtma SeiZleba aseT sakiTxze dagva- 

fiqros: ... . 

_ mindoda Tqveni yuradReba kidev erTi aspeqtisTvis / 

garemoebisTvis / faqtisTvis / sakiTxisTvis mimeqcia. 

_ ara mxolod es, aramed aseT ... . 

_ garda imisa, rom ... . 

_ aqve davZendi, rom ... . 

mizezebis ganmarteba: 

_ es im mizezebis gamo moxda: ... . 

_ amitomac ... . 

_ am mizeziT ... . 

_ imasTan dakavSirebiT ... . 

_ amis gamo ... . 

_ ase ... . 

_ amis Sedegad ... . 

_ Sesabamisad ... . 

_ amgvarad ... . 

_ es aris imis mizezi, rom ... . 

winaswar gansazRvruli situaciebi, winapirobebi: 

Tu ase moxdeba, maSin ... . 

roca ase xdeba, Cveulebriv ... . 

rogorc ki es moxdeba, SegviZlia davelodoT ... . 

Tu rodesme aseTi situaciis mowmeni gaxdebiT, yuradRebiT daak- 

virdiT, rom ... . 

nu eliT, rom ... , sanam, upirveles yovlisa, ar iqneba ... . 

163

analizi: 

es aris ...-is magaliTi. 

es adasturebs, rom ... . 

es gavfiqrebinebs, rom ... . 

es SeiZleba niSnavdes, rom ... . 

es SeiZleba iyos ... SemTxveva. es amtkicebs, rom ... . 

amis interpretireba SeiZleba, rogorc ... . 

moswavlis naTqvamis gameoreba: 

_ axla Sen ambob, rom ... . 

_ sxva sityvebiT vityodi, ... . 

_ Tu sworad gagige, gindoda geTqva, rom ... . 

_ Seni naTqvamis gameorebiT ... . 

_ Sen migaCnia, rom ... . 

wina naTqvamSi Sesworebebis Setana: 

_ amiT mindoda meTqva, rom ... . 

_ amis safuZvelze vfiqrob, rom ... . 

_ vcdilob giTxraT, rom ... . 

_ imaves vityvi sxva sityvebiT: ... . 

roca mimzidvelad gamoiyureba: 

_ gamoiyureba ise, TiTqos ... , magram sinamdvileSi ... . 

_ erTi SexedviT SesaZloa ase mogeCvenebaT ... , magram, faqtobri- 

vad ... . 

upiratesoba: 

_ me mirCevnia, rom ... . 

_ me ufro momwons, roca Tqven ... . 

164

eWvis gamoTqma: 

_ eg SesaZlebelia, magram ... . 

_ eg simarTlea, magram Tu dafiqrebulxar, rom ... . 

_ geTanxmebi, magram gaiTvaliswine, rom ... . 

_ eg kargi azria, erTaderTi ... . 

_ ki, oRond gaxsovdes, rom ... . 

_ eg SesaZlebelia, magram Tu gaiTvaliswine is faqti, rom ... . 

sakiTxis sxva aspeqtze yuradRebis gadatana: 

_ SesaZlebelia, magram ... . 

_ ar dagaviwydes, rom ... . 

_ rasac Sen ambob, marTalia, Tumca ... . 

_ me mainc mgonia, rom ... . 

ganmartebis Txovna: 

_ SegiZlia ganmarto, rogor ... ? 

_ gTxov gangvimarte Seni pasuxi / azri! 

_ SegiZlia ganmarto, ratom airCie es pasuxi? 

_ gTxov, gaSale Seni pasuxi! 

_ es imas niSnavs, Sen fiqrob, rom ... ? 

ganzogadeba: 

_ saerTod ... . 

_ zogadad Tu ganvixileT ... . 

_ zogadad saubrisas ... . 

_ Cveulebriv ... . 

_ rogorc yovelTvis ... . 

_ tipobrivia is, rom ... . 

165

ame? 

8.9. codnis Semowmeba da gasameorebeli kiTxvebi 

_ yvelaferi gaigeT? 

_ SekiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? 

_ ... wakiTxvis / mosmenis / yurebis Semdeg gaugebari xom ar aris 

_ ras niSnavs es termini / cneba / warmodgena? 

_ gTxovT, Tqveni sityvebiT gadmosceT! 

_ am TavSi / naSromSi / TemaSi romelia sami mTavari nawili? 

_ ra iyo amis naklovaneba / gamomwvevi mizezebi / safuZveli? 

_ rogori Sedegebi gamoiwvia arCevnebma / skandalma / gamoyofam 

/ gaerTianebam? 

saxeb. 

_ rogori gamoxmaureba / Sedegebi mohyva am movlenebs? 

9. miTiTebebi samuSaos organizebis Sesaxeb 

jgufuri samuSao 

_ dRes Cven jgufebSi / wyvilebSi vmuSaobT! 

_ daiyaviT patara jgufebad 3-dan 5-mde adamiani jgufSi! 

_ danarCens wyvilebSi muSaobiT SevasrulebT! 

_ davaleba jgufSi waikiTxeT! 

_ dawereT ... , ris Sesaxebac SeTanxmdiT! 

_ dainawileT movaleobebi jgufSi! 

_ 15 wuTis Semdeg unda moyveT Tqveni samuSaos / miRwevebis Se- 

_ jgufidan erTi adamiani gamoyaviT / airCieT jgufSi erTi ada- 

miani, romelic Tqvens azrs gagvacnobs da erTi - romelic infor- 

macias Caiwers! 

166

miTiTebebi jgufSi diskusiis dros 

_ pirvel rigSi, daiyaviT jgufebad! 

_ pirvel jgufs eqneba Tema ... , meore jgufs eqneba ... da mesame 

jgufs eqneba ... . 

_ airCieT erTi, vinc ilaparakebs da erTi adamiani, vinc yvela- 

fers Caiwers! 

_ TiToeulma moswavlem unda moamzados moTxroba Tavisi idee- 

bis / faqtebis da maTi CarTviT / maT gaacnos danarCenebi. 

_ gTxov, Cvenc gagvacani Seni azri! 

_ Sen ra azris xar? 

_ Sen rogor fiqrob? 

_ mogviyevi! 

_ Seadare Seni mosazreba jgufis mosazrebas! 

_ isaubre da sakiTxi ganixile Seni jgufis wevrebTan! 

_ daasabuTe Seni mosazreba magaliTebis / konkretuli faqtebis 

daxmarebiT! 

_ roca Tqvens jgufebSi yvelani mzad iqnebiT, mogviyveT, Tu ra 

gaakeTeT, Cven yuradRebiT mogismenT. 

_ Seni referati / aRmoCena yvelas gagvacani! 

_ daakonkrete Seni ideebi! 

_ sxvebsac SesTavaze azri gamoTqvan da SekiTxvebi dasvan! 

TamaSebi rolebis ganawilebiT 

_ dRe rolebSi TamaSi monawileobas miiReben ... . 

_ gTxovT, gadiT da derefanSi daicadeT! 

_ rolebis CamonaTvali waikiTxeT! 

_ TamaSi wamyvani iqneba ... . 

_ airCieT da gainawileT rolebi Tqvens jgufSi! 

_ mayureblebo, daaxasiaTeT msaxiobebi! 

167

individualuri davalebebi 

_ amjerad individualurad vmuSaobT! 

_ yuradRebiT waikiTxe davaleba! 

_ damoukideblad Seavse / Seasrule ... ! 

_ ipove ... / Seadare ... / daadgine ... / daaskveni ... / gvanaxe ... / 

daamtkice, rom ... / ipove ... / Camoayalibe ... / daajgufe ... / aRniSne ... 

/ moniSne ... / gamoikvlie ... / demonstrireba gaakeTe ... / aRwere ... ! 

_ Sens gankargulebaSi 10 wuTia. 

_ SeTxze ambavi am sityvebis gamoyenebiT! 

_ waSale zedmeti sityvebi! 

_ gamoiyene cxrili / ruka / atlasi / sayrdeni sityvebi! 

_ ipove / moZebne saxelmZRvaneloSi / ... gverdze / rukaze ... ! 

_ daajgufe ... warmoSobis / zomis / simaRlis / mniSvnelovnebis 

mixedviT! 

_ Seadare sididis / farTis mixedviT! 

_ mocemuli gegmis mixedviT aRwere ... ! 

_ Seadgine ... sqema! 

_ gaarkvie ... wyoba / funqciebi! 

sakontrolo samuSaoebi da gamocdebi 

_ airCieT / moniSneT swori pasuxi! 

_ gadaxazeT araswori debuleba / sityvebi! 

_ teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg upasuxeT kiTxvebs da SeavseT 

tabula! 

_ wereT fanqriT / pastiT! 

_ am davalebis Sesrulebis dros ar SeiZleba koreqtoris / 

leqsikonis / saxelmZRvanelos gamoyeneba. 

_ moifiqreT da uwodeT gamosaxulebas saxeli! 

_ ganmarteT am sityvaTa mniSvneloba! 

168

saSinao davalebebi 

_ gadaSaleT dRiurebi da CaiwereT ... ! 

_ Semdegi kviris ganmavlobaSi dawereT Tema ... Sesaxeb! 

_ dawereT moTxrobis / statiis / Tavis gegma! 

_ gaxazeT mTavari! 

_ saxlSi unda iswavloT ... Tavis mexuTedan meSvide gverdamde. 

10. aTvisebuli Temis mokle Sinaarsi 

_ dRes Tqven gaigeT ... . 

_ dRevandeli Temis umTavresi nawili iyo ... . 

_ axla Tamamad SegviZlia ganvacxadoT, rom ... . 

_ warmodgena SeviqmeniT ... Sesaxeb. 

_ mokled rom vTqvaT, ... . 

_ yovelive naTqvamis gaTvaliswinebiT, ... . 

_ adre naswavlis gameorebis Sedegad, ... . 

11. klasis gakontroleba 

_ gTxovT yuradRebas! 

_ nu laparakobT! 

_ imuSaveT damoukideblad! 

_ gTxovT, nu xmaurobT! 

_ wynarad isxediT! 

_ imuSaveT odnav Cumad! 

_ iyaviT yuradRebiT! 

_ usafrTxoebis wesebi daicaviT! 

_ nu uSli sxvebs! 

169

daT! 

12. Sefaseba 

_ gmadlobT samuSaosTvis! 

_ Zalian kargi namuSevaria. 

_ dRes kargi Sedegebi gvqonda! 

_ es Sen / Tqven Zalian kargad / kargad gamogivida / gamogivi- 

_ mSvenieria! brwyinvalea! sakmaod kargia! 

_ brwyinvale naSromia! 

_ mSvenieri azria! 

_ kargi pasuxia! 

_ Tqveni naSromebi Sinaarsiani da sainteresoa. 

_ yvelaferi SevZeliT, rac gvqonda dagegmili. 

_ dRes Tqven kargad imuSaveT! 

_ ratom ar aris yvela piroba Sesrulebuli? 

_ rogor moxda, rom ar aris ... ? 

_ Tqven zedapirulad imuSaveT. 

_ ratom ar gadaamowmeT faqtebi? 

_ es saerTod ar Seexeba am Temas. 

_ ase Tu imuSaveT, Sors ver wavalT. 

_ am naSroms azri saerTod ar aqvs. 

_ darwmunebuli var ukeT SegeZlo. 

_ SemdgomSi meti yuradReba miaqcie ... . 

_ Sengan ukeTes / ufro moculobiT pasuxs velodi. 

_ unda Seecado da kidev ukeTesi gamova. 

_ ise, ara uSavs, magram dagaviwyda dagewera / gagexaza / 

gamogeTvala / dagemtkica ... . 

170

13. dasasruli 

_ raime SekiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? 

_ yvelaferi gasagebia? 

_ Semdeg gakveTilze gavagrZelebT. 

_ momeciT dRiurebi, niSnebs CagiwerT! 

_ Semdeg gakveTilze moitaneT ... . 

_ yvelaze kargi Sedegebi dRes ... hqondaT. 

_ gaxsovdeT, rom xval unda wamoiRoT ... ! 

_ ar dagaviwydeT, rom xval gakveTili 09:45 -ze daiwyeba! 

14. damSvidobeba 

_ momaval Sexvedramde! 

_ SevxvdebiT Semdeg gakveTilze! 

_ warmatebiT! 

_ gmadlobT, dReisTvis sul es aris. 

_ Tavisuflebi xarT. 

_ gmadlobT yuradRebisTvis. 

_ kargad iyaviT, Semdeg Sexvedramde! 

171

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zurab baRaSvili, marika oZeli, komunikaciuri kompetenciis ganvi- 

Tareba (2006). 

kolin beikeri, bilingvizmisa da bilingvuri ganaTlebis 

safuZvlebi. ,,samoqalaqo integraciisa da 

erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis centris’’ 2010 wlis 

qarTuli versiis gamocema. 

bilingvuri ganaTleba, samagido wigni maswavleblebisTvis; 

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gamomcemloba 

`saimedo~ 

174

saxelmZRvanelo gamoicema euTos erovnul umciresobaTa ...

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