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gamocxadda, xolo V saukuneSi vaxtang<br />

gorgasalma srulad gaaTavisufla<br />

dasavleTi saqarTvelo romaelTagan.<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi VIII saukunidan<br />

iwyeba afxazeTis sakaTolikosos<br />

Camoyalibebis procesi, romlis SemadgenlobaSic<br />

X saukunisaTvis mTeli<br />

dasavleTi saqarTvelo Sedioda.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebis Semdeg, 1814 wlis 17<br />

oqtombris brZanebulebiT dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos sakaTolikoso uSualod<br />

SeuerTda ruseTis eklesias. caiSis<br />

samwysoc egzarqosis daqvemdebarebaSi<br />

arsebuli imereT-quTaisis eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

aRmoCnda.<br />

1917 wlis seqtemberSi avtokefaliaaRdgenili<br />

saqarTvelos saeklesio<br />

krebaze ganaxlda 13 eparqia. caiSis Zveli<br />

samRvdelmTavro teritoria Wyondidis<br />

eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi iTvleboda.<br />

1995 wlis 5 aprils saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdomaze<br />

aRdga 1823 wlidan gauqmebuli caiSis<br />

saepiskoposo kaTedra.<br />

zugdidisa da caiSis eparqiis mwyemsmTavariamaRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti gerasime(SaraSeni- (SaraSeni-<br />

Ze).<br />

26. bodbis eparqia<br />

bodbis eparqia saqarTvelos ukidures<br />

samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, qiziyis,<br />

Zveli kambeCovanis mxareSi mdebareobs.<br />

mis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis qalaqebi _<br />

siRnaRi, ded<strong>of</strong>liswyaro da maTi mimdebare<br />

teritoriebi. bodbis eparqias<br />

CrdiloeTidan esazRvreba nekresisa<br />

da hereTis, gurjaanisa da veliscixis,<br />

dasavleTidan _ sagarejosa da ninowmindis<br />

eparqiebi, samxreTis da aRmosavleTis<br />

sazRvrebi saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis<br />

sazRvars emTxveva.<br />

qarTuli saistorio tradicia<br />

bodbis eparqiis dafuZnebas V saukuniT<br />

aTariRebs. VI saukunis dasawyis-<br />

Si, 506 wels bodbeli mRvdelmTavari<br />

181<br />

lazare aRmosavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebTan<br />

erTad dvinis saeklesio<br />

krebas eswreboda. saqarTvelos samefo<br />

karze, Semdeg kaxeTis damoukidebel<br />

samTavrosa da samefoSi bodbeli<br />

mRvdelmTavris dawinaurebul mdgomareobas<br />

am mxareSi qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis,<br />

wmida ninos moRvaweoba da<br />

aRsasruli ganapirobebda.<br />

V_VI ss-is mijnaze am mxareSi ori<br />

eparqia _ xornabuji da bodbe _ ixsenieba.<br />

axlomdebare samRvdelmTavro<br />

kaTedraTa bunebriv sazRvrad bodbis<br />

xevi aris miCneuli. kambeCovanis<br />

dasavleTi mxare bodbelis samwysod<br />

iTvleboda, aRmosavleTi _ xornabujelisa.<br />

wmida mefe vaxtang gorgasalma<br />

xornabuji Weremsa da nekresTan er-<br />

Tad saufliswulo mamulad gadasca<br />

Tavis Zes, daCis. saqarTvelos politikuri<br />

daqucmacebulobis periodSi kaxeTis<br />

mefeebs xSirad bodbeli episkoposi<br />

akurTxebda. samefo gvirgvini<br />

aq daidges kaxeTis mefeebma _ giorgi<br />

I (1466_76 ww.), aleqsandre I (1476_1511<br />

ww.), levanma (1518_74 ww.), Teimuraz I<br />

(1606_16; 1625_48 ww.) da sxv. mefis kurTxevis<br />

pativiT igi garkveulwilad uTanabrdeboda<br />

qarTlis da imereTis ka-<br />

Tolikosebs, romlebic aseve TavianTi<br />

samefoebis mefeebs akurTxebdnen.<br />

bodbels kaxeTis samefoSi pirveli<br />

sadroSos _ qiziyis winamZRoloba<br />

hqonda mindobili.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebisas sakmaod momZlavrebuli<br />

da dawinaurebuli bodbis eparqia<br />

ruseTis mier daniSnul egzarqoss<br />

dauqvemdebares da kaxeTis sxva sam-<br />

RvdelmTavroebTan erTad, erT, kaxeTalaverdis<br />

eparqiaSi gaaerTianes.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

aRdgenis Semdeg saqarTvelos pirvel<br />

saeklesio krebaze ganaxlebulad<br />

CaiTvala bodbis saepiskoposoc. misi<br />

marTva droebiT SeTavsebuli hqonda<br />

alaverdel mRvdelmTavars. 1925 wlis<br />

22 oqtombers sakaTolikoso sabWos

dadgenilebiT, alaverdis eparqias gamoeyo<br />

bodbis eparqia.<br />

bodbis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi daviTi<br />

(tikariZe).<br />

27. samTavisisa da goris eparqia<br />

samTavisisa da goris eparqia Sida<br />

qarTlis centralur nawilSi, istoriul<br />

zena s<strong>of</strong>elSi mdebareobs. eparqia<br />

moicavs Zvel qalaqebs _ gors, kaspsa<br />

da maT mimdebare sanaxebs. eparqiis<br />

amJamindel teritoriaze, „rexulas<br />

zeiT did liaxvamde“, vaxtang gorgaslis<br />

saeklesio reformis Semdeg mcxeTis<br />

mTavarepiskoposis iurisdiqcia<br />

vrceldeboda, romlis sakaTedro ta-<br />

Zari samTavros RvTaebis eklesia iyo.<br />

samRvdelmTavros, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />

centralur nawilSi mdebareobis<br />

gamo, qarTlSi arsebul eparqiaTa<br />

umravlesoba esazRvreba: aRmosavleTidan<br />

_ mcxeTa-Tbilisis, wilknisa da<br />

duSeTis, CrdiloeTidan _ niqozisa da<br />

cxinvalis, dasavleTidan _ urbnisisa<br />

da ruisis, borjomisa da bakurianis,<br />

samxreTidan _ manglisisa da walkis<br />

eparqiebi.<br />

am mxareSi qristes eklesiis dafuZnebis<br />

adreuli etapis Sesaxeb nastakisis<br />

naqalaqaris arqeologiuri<br />

monacemebi mianiSnebs. aq aRmoCenilia<br />

II_III saukuneebis pirvelqristianTa<br />

saRvTismsaxuro Senoba, rac mociqul-<br />

Ta moRvaweobis xanas ukavSirdeba.<br />

saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg es<br />

kuTxe erT-erT umTavres saqristiano<br />

centrad iqca. igi Tavidanve mcxeTis<br />

sapatriarqo saydris iurisdiqciaSi<br />

Sedioda da msxvil saeparqio erTeulad<br />

adridanve Camoyalibda.<br />

saeklesio tradicia samTavis-<br />

Si eparqiis sakaTedro taZris agebas,<br />

wilknis, erTawmindisa da metexis eklesiebTan<br />

erTad, wmida mefe vaxtang<br />

gorgasals miawers.<br />

182<br />

droTa ganmavlobaSi, mterTagan<br />

mravali Semosevisa da sxvadasxva mizezis<br />

gamo samTavisis samRvdelmTavro<br />

kaTedra nel-nela daemcro. me-19<br />

saukunis damdegs igi mxolod 17 s<strong>of</strong>els<br />

moicavda. 1803 wels wilknis mTavarepiskoposis,<br />

ioane qarumiZis gardacvalebis<br />

Semdeg samTavisis eparqias<br />

wilknis vrceli samwysoc miuerTes.<br />

male wilkan-samTavisis ganvrcobili<br />

teritoria niqozeli mRvdelmTavris<br />

daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida. me-19 saukuneSi<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebis Semdeg qarTlis erT<br />

samRvdelmTavro samwysod gaerTianebuli<br />

eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi samTavisic<br />

Sedioda.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

aRdgenis Semdeg es mxare xan<br />

wilknis, xanac ruis-urbnisisa da sxva<br />

saepiskoposoTa iurisdiqciaSi Sedi-<br />

oda. 1994 wels ruis-urbniss gamoeyo<br />

kaspisa da goris raionebis teritoria<br />

da samTavisis da goris eparqiis saxelwodebiT<br />

aRdga am kuTxis uZvelesi<br />

saeklesio samwyso.<br />

samTavisisa da goris eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi andria (gvazava).<br />

28. stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqia<br />

stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqia aRmosavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi, Sida qarTlis<br />

ukiduresi CrdiloeTiT mdebareobs<br />

da mdinareebis _ Trusos, Tergisa da<br />

snoswylis auzebs moicavs. eparqiis<br />

SemadgenlobaSia saqarTvelos mTiane-<br />

Tis patara qalaqi stefanwminda (y<strong>of</strong>.<br />

yazbegi) da misi mimdebare istoriuli<br />

provincia _ xevi, adrindeli Sua saukuneebis<br />

winareTi. samRvdelmTavro teritorias<br />

aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis, samxre-<br />

Tidan _ wilknisa da duSeTis, dasavle-<br />

Tidan _ niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqiebi,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ saqarTvelo-ruse-<br />

Tis saxelmwifo sazRvris monakveTze

ki _ alania _ Crd. oseTisa da CaCneTinguSeTis<br />

avtonomiuri respublikebi.<br />

qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi toponimi<br />

„xevi winareTisa“ pirvelad VI<br />

saukunis movlenebis aRwerisas ixsenieba.<br />

mogvianebiT saxelwodeba „winare-<br />

Ti“ xmarebidan TandaTan gamovida da<br />

„xevi“ damkvidrda am mxaris sakuTar<br />

saxelad. Sesabamisad, aqaur mkvidrTa<br />

satomo saxeli „winarebi“ Secvala<br />

„moxevem“.<br />

xevi adridanve, Tavisi adgilmdebareobis<br />

gamo, umniSvnelovanes funqcias<br />

asrulebda saqarTvelos samxedrostrategiuli<br />

da Tavdacvisunarianobis<br />

erTian sistemaSi.<br />

tradicia darialis xeobaSi pirveli<br />

simagris aSenebas iberiis mefe<br />

mirian I (qristes Sobamde II s-is I<br />

naxevari) ukavSirebs. qristes Sobamde<br />

I s-Si iberiis mefeebi romis mZlavr<br />

imperiasTan, parTiasTan da somxeTTan<br />

urTierTobebs aRniSnuli simagris<br />

gaxsniT da momTabareTa gadmoSvebiT<br />

aregulirebdnen. V s-Si wmida mefe vaxtang<br />

gorgasalma aRadgina Zveli TavdacviTi<br />

nagebobebi da saqarTvelos<br />

Crdilo karibWe saimedod Caketa.<br />

wmida mefe daviT aRmaSenebelma am<br />

gziT Camoiyvana (1118_1120 ww.) saqarTveloSi<br />

yivCayebi da manve ganaaxla<br />

aqauri simagreebi. wmida mefe Tamaris<br />

dros kidev ufro metad gaizarda samisionero<br />

moRvaweoba da am kuTxis<br />

gavleniT qristianobaze moeqcnen zaxas,<br />

gudas, Trusos da sxva xeobaTa mcxovrebni.<br />

im xanebSi xevis gansakuTrebuli<br />

mniSvneloba Crdilokavkasieli<br />

xalxebis damorCilebasa da maTi gaqristianebis<br />

saqmeSi seriozul saxelmwifoebriv<br />

saqmed iyo miCneuli.<br />

qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi simtkicis<br />

erT-erTi mZlavri dasayrdeni mxare,<br />

Sida qarTlis CrdiloeTi karibWe<br />

_ xevi, adridanve wilknis eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

iTvleboda. saeklesio<br />

tradicia am mxares andria mociqulis<br />

saqarTveloSi mimosvlis erT monakve-<br />

183<br />

Tad miiCnevs. xevis moqceva ki aRmosavleT<br />

saqarTvelos mTieli tomebis<br />

gaqristianebas ukavSirdeba da wmida<br />

mefe mirianis Zes _ baqars miewereba.<br />

qveynis saerTo gaWirvebis miuxedavad,<br />

XVIII_XIX saukuneTa mijnaze,<br />

saqarTveloSi ruseTis mmarTvelobis<br />

damyarebamde, qarTlis eparqiaTa Soris<br />

wilkani erT-erT yvelaze dawinaurebul<br />

da ganvrcobil samRvdelmTavrod<br />

iTvleboda. Sesabamisad, xevis eklesiamonastrebSi<br />

moRvawe RvTismsaxurebi<br />

aqtiur qristianul-samisionero saqmianobas<br />

eweodnen kavkasiis mTiel tomebSi.<br />

Tanamedrove stefanwmindisa da<br />

xevis eparqiis teritoriaze adridanve<br />

mraval Tavdadebul mamuliSvilsa da<br />

eklesiis gamoCenil pirs umoRvawia.<br />

mravalTagan aRsaniSnavia Rirsi ioseb<br />

xucesi (moxeve) saswaulmoqmedi; XVIII<br />

saukuneSi inguSeTsa da oseTSi ruse-<br />

Tis samisionero saqmianobis erT-erTi<br />

iniciatori ioseb qvabulisZe (1676_1750<br />

ww.) samebeli da wilkneli; ioane wilkneli,<br />

1762_1802 ww. (qarumiZe). man erekle<br />

II brZanebiT daiwyo misioneroba<br />

da os ymawvilebs aswavlida „wignsa,<br />

werasa da mecnierebasa“, radgan Zalze<br />

didi y<strong>of</strong>ila „nakleboba samRvdeloTa<br />

kavkasiasa mTasa Sina“, xevsa da Crdilo<br />

kavkasiis qristianul TemebSi. im<br />

periodSi gansakuTrebiT saxelganTqmuli<br />

misioneri iyo gervasi maWavariani,<br />

wilknel-samTavneli (1803_1817 w.w.)<br />

episkoposi da sxvani.<br />

saqarTvelos ruseTTan iZulebiTi<br />

SeerTebiT qveyanam jer politikuri<br />

damoukidebloba, Semdeg ki eklesiis<br />

avtokefalia dakarga. saqarTvelosken<br />

carizmis amgvar koloniur-dampyroblur<br />

politikas win aRudga Tavisuflebismoyvare<br />

moxeveTa Temi da 1804<br />

wlis mTiuleTis ajanyebisas eri da<br />

beri aqtiurad ibrZoda maTTvis ucxo<br />

da miuRebeli weswyobilebis winaaRmdeg.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

da qarTul samRvdelmTavroTa<br />

iZulebiTi gauqmebis miuxedavad, xevSi

aqtiuri qristianuli cxovreba Cqefda.<br />

aqedan kvlav miemarTebodnen misionerebi<br />

kavkasiis mTieli tomebis<br />

gaqristianebisa da rwmenaSi ganmtkicebis<br />

mizniT.<br />

1917 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenisas Tavis Zvel<br />

sazRvrebSi ganaxlda wilknis uZvelesi<br />

samRvdelmTavroc. 20-iani wlebidan<br />

dawyebuli represiebis gamo, xevis Tem-<br />

Si arsebul eklesia-monastrebSi faqtobrivad<br />

akrZaluli iyo wirva-locvis<br />

aRsruleba. sabWouri mmarTvelobis<br />

mxridan didi zewolis miuxedavad, am<br />

wlebSic ar Camkvdara xevis RvTismosav<br />

qristianTa daucxromeli locvavedreba<br />

uflisadmi eklesiis ganmtkicebisa<br />

da qveynis keTildReobisaTvis.<br />

am mxareSi Rrma sulierebiT gamor-<br />

Ceul ojaxTagan upirvelesad xevis<br />

cnobili pirovnebis, Siola RuduSauris<br />

STamomavlis, giorgi RuduSauris<br />

da natalia kobaiZis stumarTmoyvare<br />

da RvTismosavi ojaxi gamoirCeoda. am<br />

ojaxSi aRizarda saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

momavali mwyemsmTavari, sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II SiolaSvili-RuduSauri,<br />

romelmac Tavisi<br />

mRvdelmTavruli moRvaweoba eklesiisTvis<br />

urTules periodSi daiwyo.<br />

mravali sirTulis miuxedavad, RvTis<br />

gangebiT, swored misi uwmidesobis saxels<br />

ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos mravalsaukunovani<br />

da didi tradiciebis<br />

mqone eklesiis aRorZineba da ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

eklesiis mier misi avtokefaliis<br />

ganmeorebiTi dadastureba-aRiareba.<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />

misi uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis<br />

ilia II locva-kurTxeviT<br />

Tavis mSobliur kuTxeSi, istoriulad<br />

saqarTvelos Crdilo karibWis saimedo<br />

damcvel xevis TemSi, 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida<br />

sinodis ganCinebiT dafuZnda eparqia.<br />

axlad daarsebuli stefanwmindisa da<br />

xevis samRvdelmTavro samwyso terito-<br />

184<br />

riulad ganvrcobili wilknis eparqiis<br />

safuZvelze Camoyalibda.<br />

stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi iegudieli (tabataZe).<br />

29. cagerisa da lentexis eparqia<br />

cagerisa da lentexis eparqia dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos CrdiloeTiT, istoriuli<br />

kuTxeebis _ leCxumisa da<br />

qvemo svaneTis teritorias moicavs. mis<br />

SemadgenlobaSi Sedis mTiani saqarTvelos<br />

ori patara qalaqi: lentexi da<br />

cageri. drois mdinarebis Sesabamisad,<br />

istoriul kuTxeTa _ leCxumis da svaneTis<br />

teritoria izrdeboda an mcirdeboda.<br />

leCxumis didi nawili svaneTis<br />

SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda. maT Soris<br />

bunebriv gamy<strong>of</strong>ad leCxumis qedi<br />

iTvleboda.<br />

cagerisa da lentexis samRvdelmTavro<br />

teritorias aRmosavleTidan<br />

nikorwmindis eparqia esazRvreba,<br />

samxreT-dasavleTidan _ senakisa<br />

da Cxorowyus, Wyondidis, samxreTidan<br />

_ quTais-gaenaTis da xoni-samtrediis,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ mestiisa da zemo svaneTis<br />

eparqiebi, Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan<br />

_ kavkasionis centraluri qedi.<br />

werilobiT wyaroebSi svaneTisa da<br />

leCxumis moxsenieba adreuli droidan<br />

iwyeba. svaneTi – susaniis-suaniis-susebis,<br />

suaneTis, misimineTis saxeliT iyo<br />

cnobili. leCxums skvimniis saxeliT<br />

pirvelad VI s-Si prokopi kesarieli<br />

asaxelebs. am kuTxeebs berZnulis garda<br />

romauli da somxuri werilobiTi<br />

wyaroebic ixseniebs.<br />

vaxtang gorgaslis dros, V saukuneSi,<br />

es kuTxeebi mefis saerisTavoebs<br />

warmoadgenda.<br />

qarTuli da ucxoenovani werilobiTi<br />

wyaroebis uwyebiT, wmida mociqulebs<br />

saqarTvelos am regionSic uqadagiaT<br />

da pirveli qristianuli Temic<br />

daufuZnebiaT. es mxare imiTac aris gamorCeuli,<br />

rom eklesiis didma mnaTobma,

wmida maqsime aRmsarebelma cxovrebis<br />

bolo wlebi aq, leCxumSi gaatara.<br />

bunebrivi zRudeebiT adridanve<br />

gamagrebuli mTis es regioni mtris<br />

Semosevisas saqarTvelos baridan atanil<br />

saeklesio siwmideTa sacavad iTvleboda.<br />

saeklesio ganZsacavs leCxum-<br />

Si xvamlis mTa, xolo svaneTSi mTis<br />

miuvali s<strong>of</strong>lebi warmoadgendnen.<br />

qronologiurad am mxareSi mikvleul<br />

uZveles saeklesio wignad leCxumis<br />

s<strong>of</strong>el lailaSis xanmeturi palimfsesti<br />

saxeldeba. eparqiis eklesia-monastrebi<br />

ara marto baridan atanil<br />

saeklesio siwmideTa sacavad iTvleboda,<br />

aramed iq arsebobda umniSvnelovanesi<br />

saeklesio kulturis kerebi. es<br />

mxare Zveli droidanve cnobili iyo<br />

saeklesio xelsaqmis skolebiT.<br />

eparqiis aRorZineba saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg<br />

daiwyo. 1917 wlis seqtembris saeklesio<br />

krebaze ganaxlebul 13 eparqias Soris<br />

cagerisa da leCxum-svaneTis eparqiac<br />

saxeldeba. samRvdelmTavro samwyso<br />

zemo da qvemo svaneTs aerTianebda. XX<br />

s-is 20-ian wlebSi dawyebuli represiebis<br />

dros eparqiis aRdgenis miuxedavad,<br />

cagerisa da svaneTis eparqias 70 wlis<br />

ganmavlobaSi sakuTari mRvdelmTavari<br />

TiTqmis ar hyolia. samwysos marTva Se-<br />

TavsebiT quTaTel-gaenaTel mwyemsmTavars<br />

evaleboda. 2002 wlis 17 oqtombridan<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis wmida sinodis ganCinebiT<br />

cagerisa da svaneTis eparqiis ganvrcobili<br />

teritoriis safuZvelze ori<br />

samRvdelmTavro samwyso Camoyalibda:<br />

cagerisa da qvemo svaneTis da mestiisa<br />

da zemo svaneTis.<br />

cagerisa da lentexis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi stefane (kalaijiSvili).<br />

30. mestiisa da zemo svaneTis eparqia<br />

mestiisa da zemo svaneTis eparqia<br />

dasavleT saqarTvelos ukidures Crdi-<br />

185<br />

loeTSi, istoriuli svaneTis samTavrosa<br />

da balszemo svaneTSi, igive Tavisufal<br />

svaneTSi mdebareobs. eparqia<br />

kavkasionis qedis samxreT kalTebs<br />

Sefenil mestiis raionsa (y<strong>of</strong>ili<br />

seti) da mis Semogarens _ engurisa da<br />

cxeniswylis xeobebs, agreTve kodoris<br />

zemo welis auzs, e.w. afxazeTis<br />

svaneTs moicavs. samRvdelmTavro teritorias<br />

aRmosavleTiT da samxreTaRmosavleTiT<br />

esazRvreba cagerisa da<br />

qvemo svaneTis (lentexis) eparqia, dasavleTiT<br />

_ cxum-afxazeTis, samxreTiT<br />

_ zugdid-caiSis da senakisa da Cxorowyus<br />

eparqiebi, CrdiloeTi saqarTvelo-ruseTis<br />

saxelmwifo sazRvris<br />

monakveTia, romelic eparqiis teritorias<br />

mijnavs yabardo-balyareTis<br />

avtonomiur respublikasTan da yara-<br />

Cai-CerqezeTis avtonomiur olqTan. istoriulad<br />

svaneTis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

sazRvris gadaRma, Crdilo kavkasiis<br />

mdinareebis _ yubanisa da baqsanis sa-<br />

Tavis xeobebSi mdebare sakmaod vrceli<br />

teriroriac Sedioda.<br />

werilobiT wyaroTa uwyebiT, wmida<br />

mociqulebs _ andria pirvelwodebuls,<br />

svimon kananelsa da mataTas am mxareSic<br />

umoRvawiaT. svanebis moqcevisa<br />

da pirveli eklesiis dafuZnebis Semdeg<br />

mataTa am mxareSi darCenila da<br />

RvTis sityvas ganavrcobda. saqarTveloSi<br />

qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad<br />

gamocxadebasTan erTad, es kuTxec<br />

qristiandeba, Tumca adreul xanaSi misi<br />

saeklesio organizaciis Sesaxeb Zalze<br />

mcire cnobebi arsebobs. zemo svaneTis,<br />

gansakuTrebiT misi dasavleTi nawilis<br />

mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrad ZiriTadad<br />

caiSeli episkoposi iTvleboda.<br />

XIX s-is dasawyisidan ruseTis mier<br />

saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

Zaladobrivi gauqmebis gamo<br />

svaneTSi carizmis politikis mimarT winaaRmdegoba<br />

didxans grZeldeboda.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg,<br />

ganaxlebuli cagerisa da leCxum-sva-

neTis eparqia moicavda mestiasa da<br />

zemo svaneTsac. ocian wlebSi dawyebuli<br />

saeklesio represiebis gamo am<br />

mxareSi mRvdelmsaxureba faqtobrivad<br />

ar aResruleboda, Tumca sabWouri<br />

mmarTvelobis miuxedavad, zemo svaneTma<br />

sanimuSo erTgulebiT daicva Zveli<br />

eklesia-monastrebi da iq arsebuli<br />

siwmideebi.<br />

2002 wlis 17 oqtombers saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />

sinodis ganCinebiT cagerisa da<br />

leCxum-svaneTis teritoriulad ganvrcobili<br />

eparqiis safuZvelze ori sam-<br />

RvdelmTavro samwyso Camoyalibda: a)<br />

cagerisa da qvemo svaneTisa (lentexis);<br />

b) mestiisa da zemo svaneTisa.<br />

mestiisa da zemo svaneTis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi ilarioni (qitiaSvili).<br />

31. sagarejosa da ninowmindis eparqia<br />

sagarejosa da ninowmindis eparqia<br />

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, gare kaxeTSi,<br />

mdinare ivris auzSi _ gomboris<br />

qedis samxreT-dasavleT kalTis<br />

mTiswineTis teritoriaze mdebareobs.<br />

igi moicavs qalaq sagarejosa da mis<br />

Semogarens. eparqias aRniSnuli saxelwodeba<br />

2003 wlis 18 agvistos urbnisis<br />

sakaTedro taZarSi Catarebuli<br />

wmida sinodis krebaze ewoda. 1995<br />

wlis 5 aprilidan igi sagarejosa da<br />

gurjaanis saerTo saxelwodebiT arsebul<br />

samRvdelmTavros miekuTvneboda,<br />

romlis samwyso teritoriis gay<strong>of</strong>is<br />

Semdeg Camoyalibda. samRvdelmTavros<br />

aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba bodbis da<br />

gurjaan-veliscixis, dasavleTidan _<br />

rusTav-marneulis da mcxeTa-Tbilisis,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ alaverdis da TianeT-fSav-xevsureTis<br />

eparqiebi, samxre-<br />

Tis mijna saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis<br />

saxelmwifo sazRvars emTxveva.<br />

sagarejo-ninowmindis eparqiis teritoria<br />

istoriuli kaxeTis samefos<br />

mesame sadroSos miekuTvneboda. am<br />

186<br />

regionSi saqarTvelos gaqristianebis<br />

axlo xanebidan ramdenime msxvili<br />

samRvdelmTavro kaTedra arsebobda,<br />

romelTac dasabami wmida mefe vaxtang<br />

gorgaslis saeklesio reformam daudo.<br />

vaxtangis mier dafuZnebul qarTlis<br />

sakaTolikosoSi Tormeti axali<br />

saepiskoposo kaTedridan ori _<br />

ninowmindisa da Weremis Tanamedrove<br />

sagarejo-ninowmindis eparqiis teritoriaze<br />

mdebareobda. mogvianebiT am<br />

mxareSi samebelis, kawarelisa da marty<strong>of</strong>elis<br />

kaTedrebic moixsenieboda.<br />

amdenad, istoriuli kaxeTis samefoSi<br />

arsebul eparqiaTa umravlesoba Tanamedrove<br />

sagarejos da ninowmindis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavro teritoriaze mdebareobda.<br />

aRniSnuli samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebi<br />

sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaSi arsebobdnen.<br />

maTgan yvelaze adreulad<br />

vaxtangis mier daarsebuli eparqiebi<br />

iTvleba.<br />

ninowmindis saepiskoposos kaTedra<br />

_ „ujarmis kari“ _ mefis sasaxlis<br />

karis eklesia iyo, romlis mwyemsmTavari<br />

VI saukunis dasawyisSi dvinis saeklesio<br />

krebazec moixsenieboda.<br />

umZimesi istoriuli warsulis miuxedavad,<br />

sagarejosa da ninowmindis<br />

eparqiis samwyso teritoriaze adridanve<br />

erTiani qristianuli saqarTvelos<br />

umniSvnelovanesi eklesia-monastrebi<br />

da saganmanaTleblo kerebi arsebobda:<br />

garejis mravalmTis samonastro kompleqsis<br />

zogierTi savane (qalaqisTvisac<br />

saxeli `sagarejo~ misTvis aqauri<br />

miwebis Sewirvis gamo uwodebiaT.<br />

„moigo saxeli, odes Seswires garejis<br />

udabnos dabnebi ese, uwodes sagarejo),<br />

boWorma (X_XI ss-is taZari), ninowminda<br />

(VI s-is sakaTedro taZari), kawareTi<br />

(VI_VII ss-is taZari), xaSmi, ujarma (V<br />

s.), Weremi da sxv. odiTganve aRniSnul<br />

eklesia-monastrebSi da mTel mxareSi<br />

did saganmanaTleblo, kulturul-aRm-<br />

SeneblobiT saqmianobas eweodnen aq<br />

moRvawe sasuliero da saero pirebi.<br />

XIX saukunis dasawyisisaTvis,

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebamde, regionSi arsebul eparqia-<br />

Tagan ninowmindelis kaTedra tradiciulad<br />

kvlav ganvrcobil da mdidar<br />

eparqiad iTvleboda.<br />

2003 wlis 18 agvistos, urbnisis sakaTedro<br />

taZarSi Catarebuli saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

wmida sinodis krebis ganCinebiT, sagarejosa<br />

da gurjaanis eparqiis samwyso<br />

teritoriis gadanawilebis Semdeg<br />

Camoyalibda gurjaan-veliscixis da<br />

sagarejo-ninowmindis eparqiebi.<br />

sagarejosa da ninowmindis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi luka (lomiZe).<br />

32. bolnisis eparqia<br />

bolnisis eparqia aRmosavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi, istoriuli qvemo qarTlis<br />

teritoriaze mdebareobs. igi<br />

saqarTvelos uZveles qalaqs – bolniss<br />

da mis mimdebare teritorias moicavs.<br />

mas aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

rusTavisa da marneulis, dasavleTidan<br />

_ dmanisis, CrdiloeTidan _ manglisisa<br />

da walkis eparqiebi, xolo samxreTi<br />

sazRvari saqarTvelo-somxeTis saxelmwifo<br />

sazRvars emTxveva.<br />

es vrceli mxare bunebrivad aris<br />

SemosazRvruli TrialeTis, javaxe-<br />

Tisa da bambak-erevnis qedebiT. istoriuli<br />

viTarebis Sesabamisad, qvemo<br />

qarTlis administraciuli sazRvrebi<br />

xSirad icvleboda. misi cvalebadoba<br />

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv simtkices<br />

Seesabameboda. Zvel wyaroebSi<br />

Semonaxulia am mxaris sxvadasxva saxelwodeba,<br />

romelTagan zogi fizikurgeografiuli<br />

cnebaa, zogi eTnikur-geografiuli<br />

da administraciul-teritoriuli<br />

Tu sxva.<br />

uZvelesi da umdidresi warsulis<br />

mqone mxareSi eklesia IV saukuneSi<br />

dafuZnda. „moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs“ Tanaxmad,<br />

bolnisis cnobili taZari IV sis<br />

bolo wlebSi augia elia mTavarep-<br />

187<br />

iskoposs. bolnisis samRvdelmTavro<br />

teritoria Zalian mdidaria V_XVIII<br />

saukuneebis umniSvnelovanesi qristianuli<br />

xuroTmoZRvrebis ZeglebiT.<br />

am kuTxeSi adridanve farTod iyo<br />

gaSlili mwignobruli saqmianobac.<br />

mravalTagan gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva<br />

cnobili mwerali da mqadagebeli<br />

ioane bolneli.<br />

1917 wels, avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />

miuxedavad, mravalmxriv saintereso istoriuli<br />

warsulis eparqiaSi tradiciuli<br />

qristianuli cxovrebis gamococxleba<br />

Zalze nela, mxolod 70_80-ian<br />

wlebSi daiwyo. Zveli bolnisis eparqia<br />

agarak-walkis saerTo saxelwodebiT<br />

arsebul qvemo qarTlis eparqiaSi iyo<br />

gaerTianebuli. bolnisis calke eparqiad<br />

gamoy<strong>of</strong>a sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />

unetaresis ilia II locva-kurTxeviT<br />

1995 wels aRsrulda. im droidan mas<br />

bolnisisa da dmanisis eparqia ewoda.<br />

2003 wlis 18 agvistos, urbnisis saka-<br />

Tedro taZarSi Catarebuli saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />

sinodis krebaze bolnisis da dmanisis<br />

eparqia gaiyo da mis safuZvelze ori<br />

samRvdelmTavro Camoyalibda: bolnisis<br />

eparqia da dmanisis eparqia.<br />

bolnisis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria<br />

yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi<br />

efremi (gamrekeliZe).<br />

33. dmanisis eparqia<br />

dmanisis eparqia qvemo qarTlis teritoriaze,<br />

e.w. `qvena s<strong>of</strong>elSi~, mdinareebis<br />

_ maSaverisa da xramis auzSi<br />

mdebareobs. igi qarTlis ganapira qalaq<br />

dmaniss da mis mimdebare sanaxebs<br />

moicavs. dmanisis samRvdelmTavro<br />

samwysos aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

bolnisis, dasavleTidan _ axalqalaqisa<br />

da kumurdos, CrdiloeTidan _ manglisisa<br />

da walkis eparqiebi, samxreTi<br />

sazRvari saqarTvelo-somxeTis saxelmwifo<br />

sazRvars emTxveva.

eparqiis teritoriaze bolo drois<br />

arqeologiuri kvlevebis Sedegad<br />

gamovlenilia pirvely<strong>of</strong>il adamianTa<br />

uZvelesi nakvalevi, rac dmaniss<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio civilizaciis sawyisebTan<br />

akavSirebs.<br />

dmanisi iyo ZirZvel qarTul provinciaTa<br />

_ taSirisa da dmanisxevis _<br />

administraciul-politikuri da kulturul-saeparqio<br />

centri. wyaroebSi<br />

dmaneli episkoposi VI s-idan gvxvdeba,<br />

eparqiis Seqmna ki wmida mefe vaxtang<br />

gorgaslis mier saeklesio reformis<br />

gatarebis axlo xanebSia savaraudo.<br />

dmanelis samwysod Tavidanve iTvleboda:<br />

a) dmanisxevi, romelic vrceldeboda<br />

`yaraRajisa da taSiris mTis<br />

CrdiloT~ da b) taSiris _ `lores<br />

zeiT da loqis samÃriT, vidre debedamde<br />

da arjanis mTamde~ _ mosaxleoba,<br />

radgan eseni `samwysoni arian dbanisis~-o<br />

(vaxuSti).<br />

dmanisis eparqia eklesia-monastrebis<br />

simravlis garda, adridanve<br />

gamorCeuli iyo aq davanebuli saswaulmoqmedi<br />

xatebisa da wmidaTa<br />

wmida nawilebis mravalricxovnebiT.<br />

dmanisis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis<br />

xatidan aRsrulebul RvTaebriv saswaulTa<br />

Sesaxeb `qarTlis cxovrebac~<br />

gvauwyebs.<br />

cnobilia, rom dmanisSia saZvale<br />

wmida mefe demetre Tavdadebulis Zis,<br />

mefe vaxtang III (1297; 1302-1308 ww.).<br />

XIX saukunisTvis gapartaxebuli<br />

mxare, ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis<br />

da CvenTvis ucxo mmarTvelobiT-administraciuli<br />

sistemis SemoRebis<br />

Semdeg, Tbilisis gubernias<br />

miakuTvnes.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg<br />

Tanamedrove dmanisis eparqiis<br />

samwyso teritoria agarak-walkis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavros miekuTvneboda. 1995 wels,<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />

gadawyvetilebiT agarak-walkas gamoeyo<br />

bolnisisa da dmanisis eparqia, ro-<br />

188<br />

melic aRniSnul or mezobel raions<br />

aerTianebda. eparqiis mRvdelmTavrad<br />

dadgenili iyo mTavarepiskoposi Tadeoz<br />

ioramaSvili. 2003 wlis 18 agvistos<br />

urbnisis sakaTedro taZarSi Catarebul<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis wmida sinodis sadResaswaulo<br />

krebaze, bolnisisa da dmanisis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavro teritoriis safuZvelze<br />

ori eparqia Camoyalibda _ bolnisisa<br />

da dmanisis, riTac aRdga istoriuli<br />

samarTlianoba ori uZvelesi da damoukidebeli<br />

samRvdelmTavros memkvidreobis<br />

ganaxlebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />

dmanisis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria<br />

yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi zenoni<br />

(iarajuli).<br />

34. gurjaanisa da veliscixis eparqia<br />

gurjaanisa da veliscixis eparqia<br />

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, centraluri<br />

kaxeTis teritoriaze, gomboris qedis<br />

Crdilo-aRmosavleT mTiswineTisa<br />

da mdinare alaznis auzSi mdebareobs.<br />

samRvdelmTavros iurisdiqcia gurjaanis<br />

raionsa da mis mimdebare teritoriaze<br />

vrceldeba. gurjaanisa da<br />

veliscixis eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />

esazRvreba nekresisa da hereTis, dasavleTidan<br />

_ sagarejosa da ninowmindis,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ alaverdis, samxreTidan<br />

_ bodbis eparqiebi.<br />

eparqiis teritoria istoriul hereTs<br />

miekuTvneboda, dReisaTvis ki kaxeTis<br />

centralur nawils warmoadgens<br />

da misi istoria mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli<br />

erTiani kaxeTis warsulTan. XI<br />

s-is dasawyisSi kaxeTis mefem, kvirike<br />

III, hereTis samefo SemoierTa da gaer-<br />

Tianebuli `kaxeTis samefo~ Svid<br />

saerisTavod dayo, ris Semdegac eparqiis<br />

teritoria alaznis marjvena mxaris,<br />

Signi-kaxeTis centralur saerisTavos<br />

miakuTvna. XI_XII ss-Ta mijnaze wmida<br />

mefe daviT aRmaSenebelma saqarTvelos<br />

gaerTianebis Sedegad kaxeTis y<strong>of</strong>ili<br />

samefo erTian qarTul administraci-

ul sistemaSi moaqcia. mogvianebiT, XV<br />

s-idan saqarTvelo samefoebad daiSala.<br />

oTx sadroSod danawilebul kaxeTis<br />

samefoSi, rigiT meore, _ nekresis<br />

sadroSos miekuTvneboda gurjaanveliscixis<br />

teritoria; saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saeparqio<br />

administrirebiT ki _ uZveles Weremis<br />

samRvdelmTavros.<br />

Weremis eparqia V s-Si wmida mefe<br />

vaxtang gorgaslis mier daarsebul<br />

Tormet samRvdelmTavros Soris ixsenieba.<br />

Weremis eparqia Tanamedrove<br />

gurjaanisa da veliscixis eparqiis<br />

teritorias moicavda. Weremis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavro kaTedra XVIII s-mde<br />

inarCunebda am mxaris (mTlianad an<br />

nawilobriv) saeparqio marTvis uflebas.<br />

oRond XI s-idan, alaverdis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavros dawinaurebis Semdeg<br />

Weremis eparqiis teritoriebi mcirdeba,<br />

Weremelis tradiciul avtoritets<br />

ki alaverdeli Caenacvla. XVIII s-is<br />

Suaxanebidan mefe Teimurazisa da mefe<br />

erekles ZalisxmeviT kaxeTi nel-nela<br />

aRorZinebis gzas daadga _ samefo<br />

karma samRvdelmTavroTa gaZlierebisaTvis<br />

kuTvnili yma-mamulebis moZieba<br />

da ukan dabruneba ganaCina. 1757 wels<br />

Sedgenili sakanonmdeblo aqti: `ganweseba<br />

Teimuraz II-isa saWeremlo samwysos<br />

mibarebis Sesaxeb~ Weremis eparqiis<br />

teritoriis mezobel samRvdelm-<br />

TavroTa _ alaverdis, bodbisa da<br />

ninowmindas _ Soris droebiT gadanawilebas<br />

ganaCinebs. Tu moiwios Jami<br />

da `inebos meufeman Cvenman qristeman<br />

mas eklesiasa Sina Tvissa episkopossa<br />

dadgroma~, yovelgvari dapirispirebis<br />

da sityvisgebis gareSe `Tvisi mamuli<br />

da samwyso da raÁca misi sargo da<br />

Semosavali iyos, yovelive mis eklesiisa<br />

da episkopossa mieces uklebad<br />

da ucilebelad da usityvelad~. qarTlis<br />

da kaxeTis mefeTa _ Teimuraz II<br />

da erekle II brZaneba da saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />

unetaresis iosebis locva-kurTxeva<br />

189<br />

orsaukunenaxevris Semdeg, 2003 wlis<br />

18 agvistos, gurjaanisa da veliscixis<br />

eparqiis aRdgeniT aRsrulda.<br />

gurjaanis da veliscixis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi eqvTime (leJava).<br />

35. senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqia<br />

senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqia<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi, istoriuli<br />

kolxeTis samefoSi, mdinare rionsa da<br />

egriswyals Soris arsebul teritoriaze<br />

_ odiSis dablobze mdebareobs.<br />

igi moicavs samegrelos qalaqebs _<br />

senaks, Cxorowyus da maT mimdebare<br />

teritorias. senakisa da Cxorowyus<br />

samRvdelmTavros aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

Wyondidis, dasavleTidan _<br />

zugdidisa da caiSis, foTisa da xobis,<br />

Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan _ cagerisa<br />

da lentexis, Crdilo-dasavleTidan _<br />

mestiisa da zemo svaneTis, samxreTidan<br />

_ Semoqmedis eparqiebi.<br />

mociqulTa qadagebiT moqceuli am<br />

kuTxis mosaxleoba, sabolood, IV s-Si,<br />

saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg<br />

qristiandeba. gaqristianebis miuxedavad,<br />

erTmorwmune berZenTa agresia<br />

egrisis mimarTulebiT kidev ufro<br />

gamoikveTa. VI s-Si es mxare berZensparselTa<br />

saomari dapirispirebis<br />

asparezad iqca da es periodi `didi<br />

omianobis~ saxeliT aris Sesuli Cveni<br />

qveynis istoriaSi. imJamindeli egrisis<br />

upirvelesi qalaqis _ cixe-gojis<br />

dacvisTvis aqaurebs didi gmiroba<br />

gamouCeniaT da 551 wels ukuugdiaT<br />

iranelTa laSqari. VII s-is pirvel<br />

mesamedSi berZenTa keisarma heraklem<br />

(610_641) zRvispireTi saqarTvelos CamoaSora,<br />

xolo VII_VIII ss-is mijnaze<br />

arabTa Semosevebisas mtrisgan gapartaxebuli<br />

egrisis samefoc da misi<br />

dedaqalaqic droebiT maT xelSi gadavida.<br />

berZnul wyaroTa mixedviT, her-

akles Semosevebisas egrisis samefos<br />

teritoriaze arsebuli berZnuli sam-<br />

RvdelmTavroebis iurisdiqciaSi iyo<br />

moqceuli mTeli zRvispireTi. konstantinopolis<br />

politikuri da saeklesio<br />

gavlenisagan ganTavisufleba VIII sidan<br />

daiwyo. male, afxazeTis sakaTolikosos<br />

Camoyalibebis Semdeg, mTel<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi misi iurisdiqcia<br />

gavrcelda, xolo saqarTvelos<br />

teritoriaze ZalmomreobiT dafuZnebuli<br />

berZnuli samRvdelmTavroebi qarTuliT<br />

Seicvala.<br />

Tanamedrove senakisa da Cxorowyus<br />

eparqiis teritoriis imJamindeli mosaxleoba<br />

caiSis da Wyondidis eparqiebis<br />

SemadgenlobaSi iTvleboda.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebis Semdeg es mxare 1823 wels<br />

Camoyalibebul samegrelos eparqiaSi<br />

iyo gaerTianebuli. 1874 wlis maisis<br />

TveSi ruseTis eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />

ganCinebiT gauqmebuli samegrelos<br />

eparqia imereTis eparqias miuerTes,<br />

xolo 1885 wlidan Seqmnili guria-samegrelos<br />

eparqia senakisa da Cxorowyus<br />

teritoriebsac aerTianebda.<br />

1917 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />

Semdeg ganaxlda Wyondidis<br />

eparqia, romelic mTlianad moicavda<br />

samegrelos teritorias. 1995 wels<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />

gadawyvetilebiT Wyondidis eparqiis<br />

safuZvelze, misi teritoriuli gay<strong>of</strong>is<br />

Sedegad, aRdga Zveli samRvdelm-<br />

Tavroebi: zugdidisa da caiSis, foTisa<br />

da senakis da sakuTriv Wyondidis. 2003<br />

wlis 18 agvistos, saqarTvelos mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />

krebis ganCinebiT, Wyondidis da<br />

foTi-senakis eparqiaTa xelaxali teritoriuli<br />

gadanawilebis safuZvelze<br />

Camoyalibda senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqia.<br />

senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi Sio (mujiri).<br />

190<br />

36. sxalTis eparqia<br />

sxalTis eparqia saqarTvelos<br />

samxreT-dasavleTiT, aWaris avtonomiuri<br />

respublikis mTian mxares _ zemo<br />

aWaras moicavs. aRniSnuli saxelwodebiT<br />

eparqia 2006 wlis 21 dekembers,<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

wmida sinodis krebis ganCinebiT<br />

Seiqmna, _ baTumisa da sxalTis eparqiis<br />

ganvrcobili teritoriis gadanawilebis<br />

safuZvelze. eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

Sedis qalaqebi qeda, Suaxevi<br />

da xulo TavianTi mimdebare teritoriebiT.<br />

sxalTis eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />

esazRvreba axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa<br />

da lazeTis eparqia, dasavleTidan _<br />

baTumisa da qobuleTis, CrdiloeTidan<br />

_ Semoqmedis eparqiebi, samxreTis mxridan<br />

eparqiis sazRvari emTxveva saqarTvelo-TurqeTis<br />

saxelmwifo sazRvars<br />

da gasdevs WaneTisa da SavSeTis<br />

qedebs.<br />

sxalTis eparqiis momcveli teritoria<br />

istoriul-geografiulad zemo<br />

qarTlis, kerZod, mesxeTis nawils<br />

Seadgenda. es mxare aWariswylis xeobas<br />

moicavs Woroxis SesarTavamde da<br />

istoriul wyaroebSi `aWaris qveynis~,<br />

xanac `aWaris xevis~ saxeliT aris<br />

moxseniebuli. aWaris xevi or ZiriTad<br />

nawilad _ zemo aWarad anu zegnad<br />

da qvemo aWarad iy<strong>of</strong>oda. aWaris centralur<br />

nawils Suaxevi erqva. zemo<br />

aWaris centri iyo Zvelad didaWara,<br />

SuasaukuneebSi _ xixani, mogvianebiT _<br />

xulo, qvemo aWarisa _ s<strong>of</strong>. qeda. amdenad,<br />

istoriuli zemo, qvemo da centraluri<br />

aWaris kulturul-administraciuli<br />

centrebi _ Suaxevi, xulo da qeda,<br />

romelTac qristianuli saqarTvelos<br />

istoriaSi ganuzomeli funqcia Seasrules,<br />

Tanamedrove sxalTis eparqiis<br />

iurisdiqciaSi arian gaerTianebulni.<br />

es kuTxe, leonti mrovelis cnobiT, Zv.<br />

w. III s-is II naxevarSi qarTlis samefos<br />

oZrxis saerisTavoSi Sedioda.

momdevno xanaSic igi qarTlis samefos<br />

nawili iyo.<br />

qarTuli da ucxouri werilobiTi<br />

wyaroebi da wmida saeklesio tradicia<br />

saqarTveloSi qristianobis qadagebas<br />

aWaris gavliT Semosul wmida andria<br />

pirvelwodebuls da mis Tanmxleb mociqulebs<br />

ukavSirebs. igi pirveli Semosvlisas<br />

oZrxe_tao-klarjeTis gziT<br />

Semosula, romelic, Tavis mxriv, trapezuntsac<br />

uerTdeboda, xolo Semdgomi<br />

Semosvlisas mas taos gziT usargeblia.<br />

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnoba andrias<br />

Semosvlas ukavSirebs saqarTveloSi<br />

pirveli eklesiebis mSeneblobas. mas<br />

trapezuntidan qarTlis qveyanaSi _ didaWarisken<br />

auRia gezi. RvTis sityvis<br />

qadagebisas mravali gansacdeli dauTmenia.<br />

im adgilas, sadac yovladwmida<br />

RvTismSoblis xati daasvena, wyarosTvali<br />

warmoCenila da Tavankara wyaro<br />

amosula. mis garSemo Semokrebili am<br />

qveynis mkvidri mosaxleoba mociquls<br />

qristes saxeliT gaunaTlia. pirveli<br />

eklesiac, yovladwmida RvTismSoblis<br />

saxelze, aqve auSenebiaT, sadac<br />

RvTismSoblis xati iyo dasvenebuli.<br />

amis Semdeg mociquls mTa gadauvlia,<br />

am gzaze TviTon andrias aRumarTavs<br />

rkinis jvari, amis gamo mTas dRemde<br />

`rkinis jvari~ ewodeba, oZraxis xevi<br />

Cauvlia da samcxis sazRvarTan, s<strong>of</strong>.<br />

zaden-goraSi dauvanebia, Semdeg ki sosangeTSi<br />

(dRevandeli awyuri) misula.<br />

aqac didi saswaulis aRsrulebis<br />

(gardacvlili bavSvis aRdgena) Semdeg<br />

qristes rwmenaze moqceula mosaxleoba.<br />

yovladwmida RvTismSoblis<br />

xelTuqmneli saswaulmoqmedi xati<br />

ukve gaqristianebul iqaur mkvidrTa<br />

TxovniT dautovebia awyurSi, imJamad<br />

aSenebul mcire ekvderSi, romelsac<br />

axla `Zveli eklesia~ ewodeba.<br />

saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg,<br />

IV s-Si Tanamedrove sxalTis eparqiis<br />

teritoria erTiandeba mezobeli<br />

SavSeTis mxareSi, `tbeTis pirispir,<br />

191<br />

CrdiloT kerZ, mdinaris gaRma~ arsebul<br />

Tuxarelis samwysoSi, romlis<br />

eklesia `mefeman mirdat (mirdat V<br />

baqaris Ze, 364_379 ww.) aRaSena cixesa<br />

(Tuxarisis cixe) Sina~ (vaxuSti). V sis<br />

60-iani wlebidan am mxareze wmida<br />

vaxtang gorgaslis mier klarjeTSi<br />

daarsebuli da gaZlierebuli axizis<br />

eparqiis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda.<br />

droTa ganmavlobaSi aWaris xeobaze<br />

mezobel samRvdelmTavroTa uflebrivi<br />

monacvleoba qveynis politikur-ekonomikuri<br />

mdgomareobiT iyo<br />

nakarnaxevi.<br />

XVI s-is 70-ian wlebSi aWara osmalebma<br />

daipyres da igi axalcixis<br />

(Cildiris) vilaieTs miuerTes. TurqTagan<br />

Seviwroebuli aqauri mosaxleoba<br />

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mxares Seexizna,<br />

mamapapeul adgilebze darCenis<br />

msurvelT qristianoba unda uareyoT<br />

da mahmadianoba mieRoT. saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi<br />

mravali gansacdelis miuxedavad,<br />

aWarlebma mSobliuri enisa da<br />

winaparTa tradiciebis SenarCuneba<br />

SeZles.<br />

1878 wlis berlinis traqtatiT,<br />

ruseT-TurqeTis omis Sedegebis Sejerebis<br />

Semdeg, aWara mahmadianuri osmaleTis<br />

gavlenisgan gaTavisuflda,<br />

Tumca carizmis reaqciuli erovnuli<br />

politikis gamo am mxareSi kulturulekonomikuri<br />

winsvla Zalze nela mimdinareobda.<br />

XX s-is 20-iani wlebidan<br />

Svidi aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi<br />

saqarTvelos upirveles qristianul<br />

keraze _ aWaraSi, iseve rogorc saqarTvelos<br />

danarCen kuTxeebSi, marTlmadidebluri<br />

RvTismsaxureba Zalze<br />

SezRudulad, faqtobrivad arc ki<br />

aResruleboda.<br />

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis<br />

mopovebis Semdeg, eklesias saSualeba<br />

mieca, Tavisi misia am kuTxeSi ufro<br />

aqtiurad ganexorcielebina. gansakuTrebuli<br />

sulieri da saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

mniSvneloba hqonda sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II<br />

locva-kurTxeviT da saqarTvelos im-<br />

Jamindeli prezidentis, zviad gamsaxurdias<br />

xelSewyobiT 1991 wels zemo<br />

aWaraSi _ xuloSi sasuliero saswavleblis<br />

gaxsnas. saswavlebeli zogadsaganmanaTleblo<br />

saSualo skolasa<br />

da teqnikums aerTianebda. am saqmis<br />

warmarTva da xelmZRvaneloba miendo<br />

dekanoz grigol abulaZes (amJamad<br />

sxalTis eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelm-<br />

Tavaria spiridon abulaZe). amis kvalad<br />

aqtiurad daiwyo eklesia-monastrebis<br />

aRmSeneblobisa da cxovrebis<br />

qristianuli wesis aRorZinebis xana.<br />

es procesi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />

unetaresis ilia II winamZRolobiT da<br />

ZalisxmeviT mTeli qveynis masStabiT<br />

mimdinareobs. gansakuTrebuli faqizi<br />

damokidebulebis gamomJRavneba<br />

am kuTxis _ zemo aWaris da saerTod<br />

aWaris mimarT ganpirobebulia im garemoebiT,<br />

rom TurqeTis mravalsaukunovan<br />

batonobas umtkivneulod ar Cauvlia.<br />

aqaur ZirZvel qarTvelebs ZaliT<br />

Tavs moaxvies maTTvis ucxo, mahmadianuri<br />

sarwmunoeba. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesis<br />

da unetaresis ilia II pozicia<br />

kargad aris warmoCenili mis mowodebaSi<br />

mTeli qarTuli erisadmi: `Cven ki<br />

ar unda gavaqristianoT aWara, aramed<br />

aWaram unda gaaqristianos sruliad<br />

saqarTvelo~.<br />

eris sulieri winamZRolis TvalsawieriT,<br />

umaRlesi gadasaxedidan<br />

brZnulad ganWvretili aWaris faqtori<br />

da misdami mamaSviluri damokidebulebis<br />

gamomJRavneba nimuSia mTeli<br />

qarTveli eris poziciis gamosaxatavad<br />

am kuTxis mimarT. sxalTis eparqiis Seqmnac<br />

saqarTvelos pirvelqristianuli<br />

kerisadmi am mzrunvelobis dasturia.<br />

eparqiaSi im adgilas, sadac wmida andria<br />

mociqulma pirveli qristianuli<br />

taZari aago, dagegmilia didi samonastro<br />

kompleqsis mSenebloba, romelic<br />

192<br />

ara marto saqarTvelos morwmuneebisaTvis,<br />

aramed ms<strong>of</strong>lios sxvadasxva<br />

qveynis qristianTa momlocvelobis<br />

adgilad unda iqces. piligrimobis<br />

centris Seqmna am kuTxes tradiciul<br />

udides sulier da saxelmwifoebriv<br />

funqcias daubrunebs.<br />

axlad Seqmnili eparqiis iurisdiqciaSi<br />

gaerTianebuli kuTxis bolo<br />

periodis istoria srul TanxvedraSi<br />

modis mezobeli baTumisa da qobule-<br />

Tis samRvdelmTavros istoriasTan.<br />

1917 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

aRdgenis Semdeg ganaxlda<br />

baTumis eparqiac, romelsac baTom-<br />

Semoqmedis, mogvianebiT baTum-Semoqmedis<br />

samRvdelmTavro ewoda. aRniSnuli<br />

eparqia samxreT, samxreT-dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos (aWara, guria) da nominalurad<br />

saqarTvelos samxreT saz-<br />

Rvrebs miRma (Tanamedrove TurqeTis<br />

teritoria) arsebul qarTul provinciebs<br />

aerTianebda. 1995 wlis 5 aprils<br />

baTum-Semoqmedis ganvrcobili eparqiis<br />

safuZvelze Camoyalibda Semoqmedis<br />

da baTum-sxalTis eparqiebi, 2006 wlis<br />

21 dekembers ki baTumisa da sxalTis<br />

eparqiis teritoriuli gadanawilebis<br />

Semdeg Seiqmna baTum-qobuleTisa da<br />

sxalTis eparqiebi.<br />

sxalTis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria<br />

yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi<br />

spiridoni (abulaZe).<br />

37. tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqia<br />

tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqia<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi, istoriuli<br />

imereTis samefos okribis mxaris<br />

nawilsa da imereTis dablobis nawils<br />

moicavs. aRniSnuli saxelwodebiT eparqia<br />

2006 wlis 21 dekembers Seiqmna<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli<br />

quTais-gaenaTis da margveT-ubisis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavro teritoriebis xelaxali<br />

gadanawilebis safuZvelze. eparqiis<br />

SemadgenlobaSi Sedis qalaqebi: tyibuli<br />

(mimdebare teritoriebis nawil-

iT) da Terjola (srulad Terjolis<br />

raioni). tyibulisa da Terjolis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavros aRmosavleTidan esaz-<br />

Rvreba saCxerisa da WiaTuris eparqia,<br />

samxreT-aRmosavleTidan _ margveTisa<br />

da ubisis, dasavleTidan _ quTais-gaenaTis,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ nikorwmindis,<br />

samxreTidan _ vanisa da baRdaTis eparqiebi.<br />

saxelwodebebi `tyibuli~ da `Terjola~<br />

wyaroebSi mxolod XVII s-idan<br />

ixsenieba, rac Seexeba okribas, igi XI<br />

s-is werilobiT ZeglSi gvxvdeba.<br />

qarTuli da ucxouri werilobiTi<br />

wyaroebis cnobebi mociqulTa _ andria<br />

pirvelwodebulis, svimon kananelis,<br />

mataTas _ mier fazisis iberebis<br />

gaqristianebis Sesaxeb aRniSnul mxaresac<br />

moicavs. amdenad, eparqiis teritoriaze,<br />

iseve rogorc mTlianad rionis<br />

xeobis gaswvriv, qristianobis qadageba<br />

mociqulTa dros dawyebula. mefe mirianis<br />

mier qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg am<br />

kuTxis mosaxleobac gaqristianebula.<br />

qristianuli sarwmunoebis erTgulebas<br />

eparqiis teritoriaze SemorCenili<br />

adreuli xanis eklesia-monastrebis<br />

siuxve adasturebs, aseve _ wyalwiTelas<br />

xeobaSi, arabTa winaaRmdeg gamar-<br />

Tul brZolaSi daviT da konstantine<br />

mxeiZeebis mowamebrivi aRsasruli da<br />

sxva mravali istoriuli epizodi.<br />

qristianuli sarwmunoebis adreuli<br />

xanebidanve mtkiced damkvidrebis<br />

miuxedavad, es mxare damoukidebel sam-<br />

RvdelmTavrod XVI s-mde ar Camoyalibebula.<br />

XVI s-is pirvel meoTxedSi,<br />

imereTis mefis bagrat III (1510-1565 ww.)<br />

dros quTaTelis samwysos, sakuTriv<br />

imereTis teritoriaze, ori axali eparqia<br />

_ gaenaTi da xoni _ gamoeyo.<br />

gaenaTeli mRvdelmTavris kaTedra _<br />

gelaTi `pirvelad iyo monasteri, Semdgomad<br />

hyo bagrat saepiskoposod~.<br />

pirvel gaenaTel mRvdelmTavrad mefem<br />

imereTis `kaTalikoz-episkopozTa~<br />

TanxmobiT, `dasua sayuareliZe melqi-<br />

193<br />

sedek, ...romelsa misca samwysod argueTisa<br />

naxevari da okriba, quTaTlis<br />

samwysoni~. amdenad, okriba calke eparqiad<br />

mxolod XVI s-is 30-ian wlebSi<br />

gamoeyo quTaisis eparqias da axlad<br />

Seqmnili eparqiis sakaTedro taZari<br />

gelaTis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis<br />

saxelobis monasteri gaxda. Tumca,<br />

imave xanebSi, gelaTis monastris wmida<br />

giorgis eklesia, biWvinTidan dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikosis (evdemon<br />

CxetiZis dros, 1557_1578 ww.) rezidenciis<br />

gadmonacvlebiT, mis kaTedrad iqca.<br />

amiT gelaTSi dasavleT saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikosisa da gaenaTeli mRvdelm-<br />

Tavris kaTedrebi ganTavsda. imereTis<br />

samefos teritoriaze samRvdelmTavroTa<br />

amgvarma ganTavsebam gansxvavebuli,<br />

sruliad axleburi saeparqio-teritoriuli<br />

administracia Camoayaliba.<br />

TiTqmis ase grZeldeboda bolomde,<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebamde. xangrZlivi<br />

drois manZilze ki, osmalebis quTais-<br />

Si Cadgomis Semdeg, gelaTi dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikosis, sakuTriv<br />

gaenaTeli da aseve quTaTeli<br />

mRvdelmTavrebis rezidencia, kaTedra<br />

da TavSesafari iyo.<br />

mamulisa da qristianuli sarwmunoebis<br />

siwmindis dacvis mizniT, eparqiis<br />

teritoriaze aRsrulebul movlena-<br />

Tagan axlo warsulidan aRsaniSnavia<br />

tyibulis raionis s<strong>of</strong>el xresilTan<br />

gamarTuli didi brZola qarTvelTa,<br />

solomon I meTaurobiT, da osmalTa<br />

Soris 1757 wels, sadac qarTvelma mxedrobam<br />

brwyinvale gamarjveba moipova;<br />

imereTis 1819_20 ww. ajanyebaSi<br />

am kuTxis mosaxleoba aqtiurad iyo<br />

CarTuli da daufaravad gamoxatavda<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

SenarCunebis survils.<br />

axlad Camoyalibebuli eparqiis<br />

teritoriaze arsebul eklesia-monastrebSi<br />

adridanve mravali saeklesio<br />

siwmide iyo davanebuli.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-

lesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg,<br />

1917 wlis seqtemberSi gamarTul<br />

pirvel saeklesio krebaze, ganaxlebuli<br />

13 eparqiidan sami _ quTaisis, gaena-<br />

Tis da margveTis moicavda mTlianad<br />

imereTs. male quTaisisa da gaenaTis<br />

samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebi erT samwysod<br />

gaerTianda da quTais-gaenaTis<br />

eparqia ewoda. XX s-is bolomde imereTSi<br />

mxolod ori _ quTais-gaenaTisa<br />

da margveTis _ eparqia arsebobda. sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-<br />

194<br />

arqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia<br />

II ZalisxmeviT, 1995 wels quTais-gaenaTisa<br />

da margveTis eparqiaTa safuZvelze<br />

Camoyalibda xonisa da samtrediis,<br />

vanisa da baRdaTis, saCxerisa da<br />

WiaTuris eparqiebi.<br />

2006 wlis 21 dekembers ki Camoyalibda<br />

tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqia.<br />

tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti giorgi (SalamberiZe).

ucnobi qarTuli monasteri wmida miwaze<br />

2002 wlis seqtemberSi, ierusalimis<br />

maxloblad, mis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT,<br />

s<strong>of</strong>. umleizonSi muSaobisas<br />

arqeologma jon zeligmanma mis mier<br />

aRmoCenili ucnobi monastris teritoriaze,<br />

amave monastris taZris mozaikuri<br />

iatakis qveS gaTxara kripta,<br />

sadac erT-erT samarxze Semonaxuli<br />

iyo saflavis qva warweriT (arqeologisaTvis<br />

ucnob enaze).<br />

a. w. 18 seqtembers jon zeligmanis<br />

miwveviT es ucnobi warwera vnaxeT<br />

giorgi gagoSiZem (xelovnebaTmcodne,<br />

epigrafisti), daviT cxadaZem (xelovnebaTmcodne,<br />

fotografi), laSa Jvaniam<br />

(israelSi saqarTvelos y<strong>of</strong>ili konsuli),<br />

paata gigaurma (moqandake) da<br />

me. Cvenda sasixarulod, igi aRmoCnda<br />

Zalze adreuli qarTuli warwera, romelic<br />

ase ikiTxeba:<br />

`ese samarxoÁ iohane furtavel<br />

episkoposisaY<br />

qarTvelisaÁ~<br />

paleografiuli analizis Sedegad,<br />

warwera V s-is dasasruliT an VI s-is<br />

I naxevriT SeiZleba daTariRdes. 1<br />

bir-el-katSi (beTlemTan) virjilio<br />

korbos mier aRmoCenil qar-<br />

Tul warwerebTan erTad, 2 es warwera<br />

warweris paleografiuli analizi ekuTvnis<br />

g. gagoSiZes.<br />

V. Corbo and M. Tarchnishvili, nscrizioni georgiane del<br />

monastero di S. Teodoro a Bir el Qutt (Bettlemme). -«La<br />

Terra Santa», , Jerusalem, 1953, 11-1; V. Corbo,<br />

Gli Scavi di Kh. Siyar el-Ghanam (Campo dei Pastori)<br />

ei monastery dei dintorni. - Pubblicazioni dello Studium<br />

195<br />

Tamila mgalobliSvili<br />

erT-erTi uZvelesia wm. miwaze.<br />

Tavdapirvelad Sevecdebi Zalze<br />

mokled mimovixilo is mcire cnobebi,<br />

romlebic wm. miwaze arabobamde qarTvelTa<br />

koloniis istorias exeba, raTa<br />

ufro naTeli gaxdes am warweris mniSvneloba<br />

ara marto qarTuli koloniis,<br />

aramed wm. miwaze adrebizantiur periodSi<br />

samonastro cxovrebis dawyebis,<br />

ganviTarebis da, saerTod, adreuli<br />

qristianobis istoriisaTvis.<br />

saqarTvelosa da wm. miwas Soris<br />

urTierTobebs qarTuli tradiciiT<br />

ocdaeqvsi saukunis istoria aqvs. 3 magram<br />

es urTierTobebi gansakuTrebiT<br />

mWidro xdeba IV s-idan, saqarTveloSi<br />

Biblicum Franciscanum, 11, Gerusalêmme, 1955, 279-<br />

284; m. TarxniSvili, axlad aRmoCenili qarTuli<br />

monasteri beTlemSi. _ `bedi qar-<br />

Tlisa~, 16, 1954, 12-17; S. nucubiZe, qarTuli<br />

warwerebi ierusalimSi. _ gaz. `komunisti~,<br />

4. I, # 3(11309), Tbilisi, 1959; S. nucubiZe, kritikuli<br />

narkvevebi. azrovneba da Semoqmedeba,<br />

Tbilisi, 1966, 97-106, 107-124, 454-474; k. kekeliZe,<br />

uZvelesi qarTuli monasteri ierusalimis<br />

maxloblad da misi mozaikuri warwera. _ ix.<br />

misi: etiudebi, VI, Tbilisi, 1960, 72-80; k. kekeliZe,<br />

Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I,<br />

Tbilisi, 1980, 39,89; s. yauxCiSvili, qarTlis<br />

cxovreba, t. II, Tbilisi, 1959, 058-062; g. wereTeli,<br />

uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi palestinidan,<br />

Tbilisi, 1960; a. gamyreliZe, uZvelesi<br />

qarTuli warwerebis aRmoCena palestina-<br />

Si. _`literaturuli gazeTi~, 15. VI, 1956, #<br />

24(986); b. giorgaZe, palestinaSi aRmoCenili<br />

qarTuli kulturis IV-V ss. Zeglis Sesaxeb.<br />

_`sabWoTa xelovneba~, 1959, # 12, 33-38 da a.S.<br />

3 s. yauxCiSvili, qarTlis cxovreba, t. I, Tbilisi,<br />

1955, 72-130.

qristianobis <strong>of</strong>icialurad aRiarebis<br />

Semdeg. am periodidan dawyebuli, qarTvelebi<br />

didi gatacebiT Seudgnen<br />

qristianuli kulturis gacnobasa<br />

da axlad daarsebuli eklesiisaTvis<br />

saWiro literaturis Targmnasa da<br />

gavrcelebas. am mizniT qarTuli eklesiis<br />

moRvaweTa da qarTvel mefeTa<br />

didi mcdelobiT Seiqmna samwerlobo<br />

da mTargmnelobiTi centrebi, qarTuli<br />

kulturis mniSvnelovani kerebi rogorc<br />

saqarTveloSi, aseve mis farglebs<br />

gareTac.<br />

axlad gaqristianebuli saxelmwifos<br />

mosaxleobisaTvis gansakuTrebuli<br />

iyo palestinis wm. adgilebis moxilvisa<br />

da molocvis survili. Sedegmac<br />

ar daayovna _ rogorc Cans, IV s-is<br />

meore naxevridan palestinaSi pirveli<br />

qarTvelebi Cndebian, 1 V_VI ss-Si ki<br />

maTi eqspansia sakmaod Zlieria. 2<br />

zogierTi mecnieris azriT, evagre pontoeli<br />

pirveli qarTveli beria palestinaSi. ix.<br />

r. Janeni, qarTvelebi ierusalimSi, stamboli,<br />

1921, 11; m. TarxniSvili, qarTuli xelovnebis<br />

naSTi egvipteSi. _ `bedi qarTlisa~, 11, 1952,<br />

25; M. Tarchnishvili, l monachismo georgiano nelle sue<br />

origine e nei suoi primi sviluppi’. _ l monachismo orientale,<br />

Roma, 195, 307-319; k. kekeliZe, meoTxe saukunis<br />

sazRvargareTeli qarTveli moazrovne<br />

da moRvawe. _ ix. misi: etiudebi, VI, Tbilisi,<br />

1960, 5-17; J. Assfalg and P. Krüger, Kleines Wörterbuch<br />

des Christlichen Orients, Wiesbaden 1975, 139; P.N.<br />

Egender, OSB, Les Débuts du Monachisme en Palestine.<br />

Ancient Christianity in the Caucasus. _ «berica Caucasica»,<br />

vol. 1, London, 199, 13; ix. aseve: s. yaux-<br />

CiSvili, georgika. bizantieli mwerlebis<br />

cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, t. VII, Tbilisi,<br />

1967, 107-117; IV s-is dasasrulsa da V s-is dasawyisSi<br />

wm. miwaze qarTvelTa moRvaweobaze<br />

unda migviTiTebdes aseve nazareTSi xarebis<br />

axali kaTolikuri eklesiis adgilas V sis<br />

pirvel naxevramde dangreuli eklesiis<br />

Selesilobaze Sesrulebuli grafitebi, ix.<br />

z. aleqsiZe, luvri, sinas mTa, nazareTi. epigrafikuli<br />

etiudebi. _ kreb. `mneme~, Tbilisi,<br />

2000, 18-25.<br />

l. menabde, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis kerebi,<br />

t. II, Tbilisi, 1980, 20-25; iv. lolaSvili,<br />

cxovreba petre iberisa, Tbilisi, 1988, 79-203;<br />

i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli<br />

literaturis Zeglebi, wg. II, Tbilisi, 1967,<br />

213-263.<br />

196<br />

Tavdapirvelad qarTvelebi mkvidrdebodnen<br />

cnobil savaneebSi, qmnidnen<br />

sakrebuloebs, aSenebdnen Camosul<br />

qarTvelTaTvis sastumro saxlebs.<br />

ierusalimis pirveli mlocvelebi<br />

iyvnen qarTuli samefo saxlisa da<br />

aristokratiis warmomadgenlebi. qarTvelebi<br />

RvTismsaxurebas TavianT<br />

mSobliur enaze asrulebdnen ara marto<br />

qarTlSi (iberia), aramed palestinaSic,<br />

sabas lavraSi, razedac mowmobs<br />

wm. saba ganwmedilis anderZic (+532<br />

w.). 3<br />

aqve uTuod sainteresoa aRiniSnos<br />

isic, rom V s-idan moyolebuli X smde,<br />

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (iberia)<br />

RvTismsaxurebis ierusalimuri wesi<br />

moqmedebda. 4 aseve kargad aris cnobili,<br />

rom pirveli liturgikuli wignebic<br />

(ierusalimuri leqcionari, uZvelesi<br />

iadgari da mravalTavi), romlebsac<br />

qarTuli eklesia RvTismsaxurebisas<br />

iyenebda mSobliur enaze, V_VII ssis<br />

ierusalimuri (qristes saflavis<br />

eklesiis) praqtikis amsaxveli iyo. 5<br />

V_VI ss-Si palestinaSi qarTvel-<br />

Ta moZraobis geografia TandaTan<br />

farTovdeba. qarTvelebs vxvdebiT ara<br />

marto ierusalimsa da mis SemogarenSi,<br />

aramed palestinis udabnoebSi im droisaTvis<br />

ukve dafuZnebul monastrebsa<br />

da lavrebSi, aseve maT mier agebul, sakuTriv,<br />

qarTul monastrebSi.<br />

wm. miwaze saqarTvelodan mosul<br />

momlocvelTa Tu mogzaurTa raodenoba,<br />

rogorc Cans, imdenad didi iyo,<br />

rom petre iberis qarTuli `cxorebis~<br />

Tanaxmad, petre iberi ara marto monas-<br />

k. kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria, I,<br />

38-39; l. menabde, kerebi, 26.<br />

ix. K. Kekelidze, ерусалиски ерусалиски анонарь, анонарь, анонарь, анонарь, , и- и- и- и- и- илис,191;<br />

,191; M. van Esbroeck, Les plus anciens homéliaires<br />

géorgiens, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1975; e. metreveli,<br />

c. Wankievi, l. xevsuriani, uZvelesi iadgari,<br />

Tbilisi, 1980; T. mgalobliSvili, klarjuli<br />

mravalTavi, Tbilisi, 1991.<br />

K. Kekelidze, анонарь; e. metreveli, c. Wankievi, l.<br />

xevsuriani, uZvelesi iadgari; T. mgalobliSvili,<br />

klarjuli mravalTavi, 165-190.

trebsa da eklesiebs aSenebda, aramed<br />

mas sastumro saxlebis aSenebac ki<br />

dasWirda wm. qalaqSi.<br />

ai, rogor gadmogvcems am faqts `cxorebis~<br />

qarTuli versia: petre iberma<br />

da ioane lazma... `aRaSenes saxli sastumroY<br />

qalaqsa Sina (igulisxmeba wm.<br />

qalaqi), da ganusuenebdes momavalTa<br />

ZmaTa qarTvelTa da berZenTa. rameTu<br />

ganhmzades ferxTa sabaneli da trapezi<br />

da sareclebi da warages zogi<br />

ganZisa mis, romel aqunda sameufoYT.<br />

da merme warvides udabnod, da<br />

Sekribnes Zmani mravlad da aRaSenes<br />

monasteri TÂsisaTÂs.~ 1<br />

amave qarTuli `cxorebis~ mixedviT,<br />

petre, iovane da maTi mowafeni<br />

`warviden egÂpted sanaxebTa skitisa-<br />

Ta.~ moiloces iqauroba, Semdeg gamoarCies<br />

erTi adgili da aRaSenes monasteri<br />

da eklesia. xolo Semdeg `kualad<br />

moiqces ierusalimadve da kualad<br />

aRaSenes qalaqsa Sina saxli sastumroÁ.~<br />

2<br />

petre iberis asurul `cxorebaSi~,<br />

romelic pirvandeli saxiT ar<br />

gvaqvs da misi gadamuSavebuli versiaa<br />

Semonaxuli, aRniSnulia mxolod monastrebis<br />

mSenebloba da ara sastumro<br />

saxlebisa. 3<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom, rogorc ukve<br />

iTqva, dReisaTvis petre iberis `cxorebis~<br />

ori versiaa Semonaxuli (qar-<br />

Tuli da siriuli), mainc Zalze mwiria<br />

cnobebi ara marto am periodSi wm. miwaze<br />

moRvawe qarTvelTa Sesaxeb, aramed<br />

TviT petre iberis moRvaweobis<br />

aRsadgenadac. faqtobrivad, TviT mis<br />

mier aSenebuli monastrebis moZieba<br />

da identifikaciac ki jerjerobiT<br />

sakmaod rTuli problemaa.<br />

aseve mwiria uZvelesi qarTuli da<br />

sxvaenovani wyaroebis cnobebi, zogadad,<br />

qarTvelTa aRmSeneblobis Sesaxe-<br />

1 il. abulaZe, Zeglebi, II, 229.<br />

il. abulaZe, Zeglebi, II, 235.<br />

iv. lolaSvili, cxovreba petre iberisa, 79-203.<br />

197<br />

bac. raRa Tqma unda, amas obieqturi<br />

safuZvelic gaaCnia, bevri ram gaqra<br />

da ganadgurda sparselTa Semosevisa<br />

(VI s.) Tu arabTa batonobis Sedegad<br />

(VII_XI ss.). ase rom, arabobamdeli periodis<br />

qristianuli Zeglebis migneba<br />

Tu maTi raobis dadgena dRes sakmaod<br />

rTuli problemaa Tanamedrove mecnierebisaTvis.<br />

am mxriv gansakuTrebul interess<br />

iwvevs qarTveli mogzaurisa da mecnieris<br />

_ timoTe gabaSvilis (XVIII s.)<br />

cnobebi wm. jvris monastris kedlis<br />

mxatvrobis Sesaxeb, romlebic misi `mimoslvis~<br />

teqstSia daculi. 4<br />

1758 wels wm. miwaze mogzaurobisas,<br />

timoTe gabaSvilma wm. jvris monaster-<br />

Si ixila qarTvel wm. mamaTa da mowameTa<br />

jgufuri gamosaxuleba warwerebiTurT.<br />

5 maTi naSTi nikoloz CubinaSvilsac<br />

(XX s.) unaxavs. 6 mniSvnelovania<br />

aRiniSnos, rom am jgufuri gamosaxulebidan<br />

mTeli rigi istoriuli<br />

pirebis identifikacia SesaZlebelia,<br />

magram nawili aq CamoTvlili mamebisa<br />

savsebiT ucnobia. el. metrevelis<br />

varaudiT, imis gamo, rom am pirTa saxelebi<br />

ar dasturdeba qarTul liturgikul<br />

da hagiografiul ZeglebSi, maTi<br />

popularoba, rogorc Cans, palestinis<br />

qarTuli koloniis sazRvrebs ar<br />

gascdenia. 7 xolo maTi mouxsenebloba<br />

ierusalimis jvris monastris saaRape<br />

krebulSi, albaT, imaze unda metyvelebdes,<br />

rom isini im periodis moRvaweni<br />

unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyvnen, rodesac jer kidev<br />

wesad ar iyo qarTvel moRvaweTa Rvawlis<br />

werilobiTi fiqsacia. 8 rogorc<br />

el. metreveli, timoTe gabaSvili – ,,mimoslva’”,<br />

Tbilisi, 1956, 85-86; el. metreveli, masalebi<br />

ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis istoriisaTvis,<br />

Tbilisi, 1962, 60.<br />

el. metreveli, timoTe gabaSvili, – ,,mimoslva”,<br />

82-86; el. metreveli, masalebi, 59-68.<br />

Н. Чубинов, Описание рестного онастыря близ ерусалиа.<br />

- Сведения, т. , , , вып. , , , , 45-4. 45-4. 45-4. 45-4.<br />

el. metreveli, masalebi, 60-61; ix. aseve ioane<br />

batoniSvili, kalmasoba, II, 184.<br />

el. metreveli, masalebi, 60-61.

cnobilia, es tradicia ierusalimur<br />

qarTul TemSi SedarebiT gvian, XI sidan<br />

damkvidrda, proxore SavSelis<br />

mier wm. jvris monastris aSenebis Semdgom<br />

da pirveli, vinc am krebulSi<br />

moixsenieba proxore SavSelia, monastris<br />

aRmaSenebeli, mis mier gaweuli<br />

didi Rvawlis gamo. 1 Tumca aseve ver<br />

gamovricxavT imasac, rom ierusalimis<br />

qarTuli koloniis istoriis amsaxveli<br />

masalebi aseve ganadgurebuliyo<br />

arabobis Jams.<br />

ai, timoTe gabaSvilis mier jvris<br />

monasterSi dafiqsirebuli wm. mamebisa<br />

da mowameTa saxelebi, romlebic Sesa-<br />

Zlebelia V_X ss-Si moRvaweobdnen wm.<br />

miwaze:<br />

`mRvdelmowame mose qarTveli<br />

mari mRvdelmowame qarTveli<br />

episkoposi kind qarTveli<br />

episkoposi nunus qarTveli~ 2<br />

am siidan arc erTi saxeli ar Cans<br />

qarTul wyaroebSi. erT-erTi maTgani<br />

mxolod somxur wyaroSi dasturdeba:<br />

VII s-is palestinis monastrebis aRwerilobaSi<br />

somexi avtori somxur<br />

monastrebTan erTad asaxelebs netari<br />

kindis monasters iodasafis udabnos<br />

misasvlelTan. xsenebuli somxuri wyaros<br />

gamomcemeli R. aliSani netari<br />

kindis Sesaxeb verafers ambobs garda<br />

imisa, rom misi varaudiT, igi SeiZleba<br />

IV s-is meore naxevris moRvawe iyos,<br />

wm. nerses mowafe. 3 dReisaTvis, ra Tqma<br />

unda, Zalze Znelia zemoxsenebuli ori<br />

kindis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba, magram<br />

amjerad, albaT, isic sainteresoa, rom<br />

VII s-is somxur wyaroSi dafiqsirebulia<br />

netari kindi da misi saxelobis<br />

monasteri.<br />

el. metreveli, masalebi, 61; ix. jvris monastris<br />

koleqciis xelnaweri ier. 24-25; R.<br />

Blake, Catalogue de manuscrits géorgiens de la bibliothèque<br />

patriarchal grécque de Jérusalem. - «Revue Revue de<br />

l’Orient Chrétien», », , 4, 4, 4, 194. 194. 194.<br />

el. metreveli, timoTe gabaSvili _ `mimoslva~,<br />

85-86; el. metreveli, masalebi, 60.<br />

Archive de L’Orient Latin, , Paris, 14, 394-399.<br />

198<br />

bunebrivia, wm. jvris monastris qarTvel<br />

wm. mamaTa da mowameTa sia sruli<br />

ar aris. amaze metyvelebs Tundac is,<br />

rom samuel qarTveli episkoposis saxeli<br />

zemoxsenebul siaSi ar Cans. magram<br />

misi saxeli dasturdeba berZnulenovani<br />

saflavis qvaze, romelic wm. qalaqis<br />

galavnis gareT SemTxveviT aRmoCnda<br />

mSeneblobisas. samuel episkoposis<br />

monasteri, warweris mixedviT, daviTis<br />

koSkTan mdebareobda, iafos karibWes-<br />

Tan, 4 xolo TviT warwera samuzeumo pasportis<br />

mixedviT V_VII ss-iT TariRdeba<br />

da dRes,ierusalimSi, rokfeleris<br />

muzeumSia daculi 5 (Tumca Cemi varaudiT,<br />

warweris wakiTxva da misi TariRi,<br />

albaT, ufro dasazustebelia).<br />

amrigad, cxadia, rom V s-idan qarTvelebi<br />

sakmaod iyvnen wm. miwaze.<br />

amas adasturebs ara marto petre<br />

iberis `cxorebis~ qarTul-siriuli<br />

versiebi, aramed zemoaRniSnuli jvris<br />

monastris dReisaTvis ganadgurebuli<br />

kedlis mxatvrobis mniSvnelovani<br />

nawilic, romelic timoTe gabaSvilis<br />

aRwerilobiT aris SemorCenili. 6<br />

amasve adasturebs wm. gerasime iordanelisa<br />

da misi monastris Sesaxeb<br />

Semonaxuli ramdenime bizantiuri wyaroc,<br />

romelTa mixedviTac iudeisa<br />

da iordanes udabnoSi moRvawe berebs<br />

Soris jvarosnebamde da jvarosan-<br />

Ta Semdegac iyvnen qarTveli (iberieli)<br />

berebi, mesveteebic ki, romlebic<br />

gamorCeulni iyvnen Tavisi rwmeniTa da<br />

RmrTisadmi msaxurebiT. maTTan kontaqts,<br />

miaxloebasac ki morwmuneTaTvis<br />

didi sulieri sargebeli mohqonda.<br />

aqvea cnobebi im qarTveli berebis<br />

Sesaxebac, romlebic kalamonSi cxovrobdnen.<br />

gansakuTrebiT aRniSnulia<br />

maTi Rvawli kalamonis monastrisa da<br />

J.H. liffe, Cemeteries and a Monastery at the Y.M.C.A.,<br />

Jerusalem, QDAP 4, 1935, 7-; Y. sraeli, D. Mevorah,<br />

Cradle <strong>of</strong> Christianity, Jerusalem, , 173, 4.<br />

Y. sraeli, D. Mevorah, Cradle <strong>of</strong> Christianity, 173, 4.<br />

el. metreveli, timoTe gabaSvili _ `mimoslva~,<br />

82-83.

iordanes udabnoSi wm. gerasime iordanelis<br />

saxelTan dakavSirebuli wm.<br />

adgilebis gadasarCenad, rac maTTvis<br />

SesaZlebeli iyo mamluqebTan da baRdadis<br />

xalifebTan kargi urTierTobis<br />

gamo. 1 aseve Semonaxulia cnobebi kalamonis<br />

monastris kedlebze qarTuli<br />

warwerebis arsebobis Sesaxeb jvarosnebamdel<br />

periodSiac ki. 2<br />

palestinis udabnoebSi qarTvel-<br />

Ta moRvaweoba did interess iwvevda<br />

mudam qarTvelologiur Tu adreul<br />

qristianobaze momuSave samecniero<br />

wreebSi, gansakuTrebiT, albaT, iudeis<br />

udabno unda gamoiyos. aq samonastro<br />

cxovrebis dawyebisTanave, ukve IV sidan<br />

iudeis udabnoSi ganmartoeba<br />

Tu damkvidreba _ monastrebisa da<br />

lavrebis dafuZneba yvela erovnebis<br />

qristianisaTvis udidesi pativi da<br />

ocneba iyo. V s-idan moyolebuli ki,<br />

iudeis udabno, qristianul samyaroSi,<br />

faqtobrivad, samonastro cxovrebis<br />

umniSvnelovanes centrad gadaiqca.<br />

imis gamo, rom am periodis amsaxveli<br />

werilobiTi wyaroebi Zalze cotaa<br />

Semonaxuli, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba<br />

arqeologias eniWeba. iudeis udabnoSi<br />

arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dawyeba<br />

1928 wlidan britaneli istorikosis<br />

derves SCitis saxels ukavSirdeba. 3<br />

Semdeg aq muSaobdnen cnobili franciskeli<br />

mecnierebi: virjilio korbo<br />

da belarmino bagati. 4 1967 wlidan ki<br />

ukve israeleli arqeologebi iwyeben<br />

aqtiur muSaobas da STambeWdav Sede-<br />

J. Wilkinson, J. Hill, W.F. Ryan, Jerusalem Pilgrimage,<br />

199-115, London, 19, 33-331; St. Gerasimus Jordanian<br />

and his Holy Monastery, Larnaca, Cyprus, 1<br />

(in Greek).<br />

St. Gerasimus Jordanian, 45.<br />

D.J. Chitty, A.H.M. Jones, <strong>The</strong> Church <strong>of</strong> St. Euthymius<br />

at Khan el-Ahmar, near Jerusalem. - PEFQS, 19, 175-<br />

17; D.J. Chitty, Excavations at the Monastery <strong>of</strong> St. Eu-<br />

thymius. - PEFQS, 193, 43-7; 15-153; D.J. Chitty, <strong>The</strong><br />

Monastery <strong>of</strong> Euthymius. - PEFQS, 193, 1-3; Y.<br />

Hirschfeld, <strong>The</strong> Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine<br />

Period, 199, -.<br />

ix. Y. Hirschfeld, <strong>The</strong> Judean Desert, .<br />

199<br />

gebsac aRweven. 5 marTalia, es gaTxrebi<br />

Zalze masStaburad mimdinareobda da<br />

mimdinareobs, magram, samwuxarod, qar-<br />

Tuli Zeglebis specialuri kvleva aq,<br />

faqtobrivad, arasodes xdeboda.<br />

am mxriv, ierusalimis maxloblad,<br />

iudeis udabnos dasawyisSi, Tanamedrove<br />

arabul s<strong>of</strong>el umleizonSi<br />

jon zeligmanis mier gamovlenili<br />

masala sruliad unikaluria. faqtobrivad,<br />

jon zeligmanis mier dRemde<br />

ucnobi qarTuli monastris aRmoCenis<br />

faqti virjilio korbos mier bir-elkatSi<br />

petre iberis monastris aRmoCenis<br />

tolfasia da mas, udavod, didi<br />

mniSvneloba unda mieniWos. piradad<br />

CvenTvis ki, qarTveli mecnierebisaTvis,<br />

didi bednierebaa, rom am aRmoCenis<br />

monawileni gavxdiT.<br />

axla, rac Seexeba warweras:<br />

warwera paleografiuli analizis<br />

safuZvelze V s-is dasasruliTa da VI<br />

s-is dasawyisiT TariRdeba; mis arqaulobaze<br />

unda metyvelebdes aseve masSi<br />

Semonaxuli saxelic _ `iohane~.<br />

uZvelesi qarTuli werilobiTi<br />

Zeglebis kvlevis Sedegad dRes savsebiT<br />

dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />

am saxelis forma _ `iohane~ _ qarTul<br />

teqstebSi V s-idan VII s-is naxevramde<br />

dasturdeba (ix. xanmeti leqcionari,<br />

xanmeti mravalTavi, xanmeti oTxTavi<br />

da a. S.). mxolod VII s-is meore naxevridan<br />

Cndeba forma _ `ioane~. 6<br />

ase rom, Cvens warweraSi damowmebuli<br />

forma _ `iohane~ _ am warweris<br />

arqaulobaze metyvelebs da, Sesabamisad,<br />

mis TariRs V_VII ss-s Soris aTavsebs.<br />

qarTuli da ucxouri werilobiTi<br />

wyaroebidan adrebizantiuri periodis<br />

(IV_VIII ss.) palestinaSi moRvawe qarTvelTa<br />

Soris ucnobia iohane fur-<br />

ix. Y. Hirschfeld, <strong>The</strong> Judean Desert, ; ix. aseve: E.<br />

Stern, <strong>The</strong> New Encyclopedia <strong>of</strong> Archaeological Excavations<br />

in the Holy Land, Jerusalem, 1993, 1,, 3, 4.<br />

e. WeliZe, Zveli qarTuli saRvTismetyvelo<br />

terminologia, I, Tbilisi, 1996, 286-291.

tavel episkoposis saxeli.<br />

umleizonis warweraSi gansakuTrebul<br />

interess iwvevs iohane qarTveli<br />

episkoposis zedwodeba `furtaveli~.<br />

iohane furtavel episkoposTan<br />

dakavSirebiT qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis<br />

maSinve Cndeba cduneba, igi ioane<br />

curtavel episkoposis (V s.) saxelTan<br />

gaaigivos. 1 Tumca, Cemi azriT, `curtavi~<br />

da `furtavi~ sruliad gansxvavebuli<br />

saxelwodebebia, romelTagan pirveli<br />

saqarTvelos ukavSirdeba, meore ki _<br />

palestinas. `curtavis~ etimologia<br />

dRemde bundovania, `furtavi~ ki, Cemi<br />

varaudiT, wm. miwaze arsebuli, adgilobrivi<br />

_ semituri _ warmoSobis saxeli<br />

unda iyos. es faqti gamonakliss ar<br />

warmoadgens wm. miwis qarTuli koloniis<br />

istoriisaTvis, sadac dasturdeba<br />

ara marto sakuTriv qarTuli warmoebis<br />

saxelebi, rogoricaa, mag., devTubani<br />

(kompoziti), 2 aramed semituri warmoSobisac,<br />

mag., dertavi/deltavi, dertufa<br />

(aseve kompozitebi). 3<br />

vfiqrob, Cems varauds ganamtkicebs<br />

isic, rom warweris teqstSi iohane furtavel<br />

episkoposis saxelTan miTiTebulia<br />

misi erovnebac: `qarTvelisaÁ~. am<br />

SemTxvevaSi, konkretulad, xsenebuli<br />

saxelis _ `qarTvelisaÁs~ _ qveS, Cemi<br />

fiqriT, mxolod da mxolod iberieli<br />

ivaraudeba, e. i. warmoSobiT qarTveli,<br />

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saxelmwifos<br />

(iberiis) mkvidri. amasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />

uTuod mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos,<br />

rom es gaxlavT am terminis, e.i. `qarTvelis~<br />

uZvelesi damowmeba. qarTul<br />

werilobiT wyaroebSi igi mxolod VII<br />

ix. il. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli<br />

literaturis Zeglebi, wg. I, Tbilisi, 1964,<br />

11-29.<br />

T. ceraZe, devTubani – qarTvelTa samoRvaweo<br />

ucnobi kera wm. miwaze. _ `mravalTavi~, XX,<br />

Tbilisi, 2003, 179-182.<br />

ix. el. metreveli, dertavisa da deretufas<br />

xelnawerebis irgvliv. _ aRmosavluri<br />

filologia, IV, Tbilisi, 1976, 74-89; el. metreveli,<br />

masalebi, 174.<br />

200<br />

s-idan Cndeba. 4 vfiqrob, es faqti ucnaurad<br />

ar unda mogveCvenos, radgan TviT<br />

Cveni erovnuli welTaRricxvac _`qarTuli<br />

dasabamidan” saqarTveloSi IX<br />

s-idan Cndeba, wm. miwaze ki ukve V_VI<br />

ss-idan dasturdeba 5<br />

Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im faqts,<br />

rom monasteri qarTulia, monastris<br />

kriptaSi sxva samarxTagan gamoy<strong>of</strong>ilia<br />

da sruli pativiT aris dakrZaluli<br />

qarTveli episkoposi iohane, romlis<br />

saflavis qvis warwerac qarTulenovania,<br />

maSin savsebiT gaugebaria, ratom gaxda<br />

saWiro qarTuli monastris qarTulenovani<br />

saflavis warweraSi qarTveli<br />

episkoposis erovnebis ganmarteba. xom ar<br />

ukavSirdeba es iohane episkoposis zedwodebis<br />

problemas. zedwodeba `furtaveli~<br />

saqarTveloSi miRebul saxelwodebas<br />

rom warmoadgendes, xolo Tavad iohane<br />

episkoposi ki saqarTvelos romelime<br />

kuTxeSi arsebuli monastris episkoposi<br />

y<strong>of</strong>iliyo, am SemTxvevaSi xsenebul warweraSi<br />

episkoposis erovnebis dafiqsireba<br />

qarTuli monastris qarTul warweraSi<br />

CemTvis auxsnelia. magram, Tu vivaraudebT,<br />

rom es zedwodeba (`furtaveli~) wm. miwaze<br />

SeZenilia da, Tanac, araqarTuli<br />

warmoSobisaa, maSin, albaT, ufro gasagebi<br />

gaxdeba ucxoenovani saxelis mqone qarTuli<br />

monastris qarTul warweraSi<br />

qarTveli episkoposis warmomavlobis<br />

dafiqsireba.<br />

am warwerisgan gansxvavebiT, samuel<br />

qarTveli episkoposis berZnulenovani<br />

saflavis qvis warweraSi samuel episkoposis<br />

qarTvelobis (iberielobis)<br />

d. musxeliSvili, qarTvelTa TviTsaxelwodebis<br />

istoriisaTvis. _ kr.: saqarTvelosa<br />

da qarTvelebis aRmniSvneli ucxouri da<br />

qarTuli terminologia, Tbilisi, 1993, 337-376;<br />

d. musxeliSvili, qarTvelTa eTnogenezis<br />

problemisaTvis. _ qarTveli xalxis eTnogenezi,<br />

Tbilisi, 2002,5-17.<br />

L.Segni, <strong>The</strong> Beit Safafa Inscription Reconsidered and the<br />

Question <strong>of</strong> a Local Era in Jerusalem. _ Israel Exploration<br />

Journal, v. , 99 , - : L. D. Segni, A <strong>Georgian</strong><br />

Chronological system in the sixth-century Jerusalem,<br />

99 , - , gamouqveynebeli.

miTiTeba, Cemi fiqriT, savsebiT gasagebia<br />

da ai, ratom:<br />

Tavdapirvelad moviyvan samuel<br />

episkoposis saflavis berZnulenovani<br />

warweris teqstis Targmans:<br />

`ese samarxi samuel qarTveli (ber-<br />

Zn. iberieli) episkoposisa, romelic<br />

iyo daviTis koSkSi qarTvelTa (iber-<br />

Ta) mier SeZenili qarTvelTa (iberTa)<br />

monastris episkoposi~. 1<br />

vfiqrob naTelia, rom am warweraSi<br />

saubaria petre iberis mier wm. qalaqSi,<br />

daviTis koSkTan daarsebul iberTa monasterze,<br />

magram samuel episkoposis samarxi<br />

saflavis warweriani qviT aRmoCenil<br />

iqna daviTis koSkis maxloblad, wm.<br />

qalaqis, iafos karibWis gareT, saerTo<br />

qristianul sasaflaoze. am SemTxvevaSi,<br />

savsebiT gasagebia, rom monastrisa da,<br />

saerTod, Zveli qalaqis kedlis gareT<br />

arsebul sasaflaoze saflavis qvaze<br />

warwera berZnul enaze gakeTebuliyo,<br />

rac bunebrivia qristianuli palestinisaTvis.<br />

gasagebia isic, rom am ber-<br />

Znulenovan teqstSi aseve dafiqsirebuliyo<br />

ara marto episkoposis saxeli da<br />

erovneba, aramed miTiTebuli y<strong>of</strong>iliyo<br />

TviT monastris adgilmdebareoba da<br />

misi saxelic _ qarTvelTa (iberTa).<br />

am ori qarTveli episkoposis saflavis<br />

qvebis warweraTa gaTvaliswinebis<br />

Sedegad umleizonis warweraSi dadasturebuli<br />

iohane qarTveli episkoposis<br />

zedwodeba `furtaveli~ ufro adgilobrivi<br />

_ semituri _ warmoSobisad<br />

meCveneba. es zedwodeba, albaT, furtavidan<br />

aris nawarmoebi, rac, SesaZlebelia,<br />

monastris saxeli iyo, Tumca verc<br />

imas gamovricxav, rom igi, TavisTavad,<br />

am adgilTan dakavSirebuli Zveli toponimidanac<br />

momdinareobdes.<br />

Tumca aqve arsebobda aseve garkveuli<br />

cduneba, rom umleizonis warweraSi<br />

moxseniebuli `furtaveli~ episkoposi<br />

`epistoleTa wignSi~ dasaxelebuli<br />

`forTis~ (somx. porta) episkoposTan<br />

damekavSirebina. `forTis~ episkoposis<br />

Y. sraeli, D. Mevorah, Cradle <strong>of</strong> Christianity, 173.<br />

201<br />

xseneba Semonaxulia abraam somexTa<br />

kaTalikosis, kiron qarTlis kaTolikosisadmi<br />

miweril mesame epistoleSi, sadac<br />

mocemulia qarTvelTa, kavkasiel<br />

albanelTa da sivnielTa episkoposebis<br />

sia, romlebic dvinis 506 wlis krebas<br />

eswrebodnen. 2 magram imis gamo, rom am<br />

epistoles somxuri teqstis safuZvlad<br />

gamoyenebulia misi somxuri wyaros _<br />

dvinis krebis `pirobis wignis~ _ ber-<br />

Znuli Targmani, nacvlad dakarguli<br />

somxuri originalisa, xsenebul epistoleSi<br />

Zalze damaxinjebulia saepiskoposoTa<br />

saxelebi da bevri maTganis,<br />

iseve rogorc `forTis~ saepiskoposos<br />

identifikacia sruliad SeuZlebelia. 3<br />

yovelive amis gamo, `furtavi~,<br />

`furtavelis~ etimologiis Ziebisas<br />

Cemi yuradReba SevaCere mxolod or<br />

semitur sityvaze, romelTagan<br />

erTia _ ebr. Phura _ sawnaxeli, WurWeli,<br />

romelSiac yurZeni fexiT iwureba;<br />

meore ki _ aram. Phurta _ patara,<br />

mcire (dididan gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili mcire er-<br />

Teuli, nawili).<br />

ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani:<br />

1. ebr. Phura _ sawnaxeli 4<br />

Tu qarTuli furtavis warmoqmnis<br />

safuZvlad miviCnevT ebr. Phura-s, maSin<br />

unda moiZebnos furtavis meore nawilis<br />

_ tav-is wyaro. vfiqrob, am SemTxvevaSi<br />

es SeiZleba iyos arameuli tav, rac wmidas,<br />

kargs, kurTxeuls niSnavs. 5<br />

Tu davuSvebT, rom qarTuli `furtavi~<br />

kompozitia, romelic Sedgenilia<br />

ebraul-arameuli sityvebisagan Phura +<br />

Tav, sadac Phura-Si bolokiduri a qar-<br />

TulisaTvis bunebrivad amovardeba, ma-<br />

Sin miviRebT Phurtav-s _ qarT. furtavi,<br />

rac, albaT, niSnavda wm. sawnaxels an wm.<br />

sawnaxelis adgils, saidanac SeiZleba<br />

nawarmoebi iyos monastris saxelic.<br />

z. aleqsiZe, epistoleTa wigni, Tbilisi, 1968, 97.<br />

z. aleqsiZe, epistoleTa wigni, 161-162.<br />

A. Even-Shoshan, Explanatory Dictionary, Jerusalem, 1999;<br />

F.A. Shapiro, vrit-Russian Dictionary, Moscow, 193.<br />

J. Rayne Smith D.D., A Compendious Syriac. Dictionary<br />

founded upon the <strong>The</strong>saurus Syriacus, Oxford, 1973.

amasTan dakavSirebiT uTuod mniSvnelovania<br />

aRiniSnos, rom Phura bibliaSi<br />

ramdenjerme gvxvdeba sawnaxlis<br />

mniSvnelobiT. moviyvan mxolod erT<br />

magaliTs _ esaia 63, 2-3:<br />

`ratom aris wiTeli Seni talavari<br />

da Seni samoseli sawnaxelSi dawuruliviT?<br />

me marto vwuravdi Rvinos da xalx-<br />

Tagan aravin iyo CemTan. vwuravdi Cemi<br />

risxvisas da vwnexavdi Cemi mZvinvarebisas,<br />

da misi sisxli moesxura Cems samosels<br />

da SevbRale Cemi talavari~. 1<br />

sainteresoa, rom bibliis zogier-<br />

Ti komentatoris azriT, sawnaxelsa da<br />

masSi yurZnis wurvas simboluri mniSvneloba<br />

unda hqondes, rac gulisxmobs<br />

RmrTis mtrebis dasjas. 2<br />

vfiqrob, SeiZleba swored am simboluri<br />

mniSvnelobis gavleniT gvxvdeba<br />

ebr. Phura (sawnaxeli) Semdegi<br />

arabizebuli toponimebis ZirebSi, rogoricaa:<br />

Kh. el Fureihiyye (boloSi damatebuli<br />

aqvs arabuli warmomavlobis sufiqsi).<br />

es toponimi niSnavs sawnaxlis nangrevebs.<br />

aq aris mavzoleumi, igi mdebareobs<br />

samariaSi. 3<br />

meore aris Kh. Fureir _ fureiris<br />

nangrevebi.<br />

orive toponimis Ziri aris Phur (Phr,<br />

Fr). 4<br />

sainteresoa isic, rom arqeologiuri<br />

gaTxrebis Sedegad jon zeligmanma<br />

am adgilze daadastura aseve adreromauli<br />

periodis ebrauli kvalic.<br />

iqneb, am adgils ebraelTaTvis, marTlac,<br />

es saxeli _ `furtavi~, rogorc<br />

wm. sawnaxlis adgili erqva, romelic<br />

arabobis Semdgom Semogvinaxa mxolod<br />

qarTulma warweram.<br />

А.П. Лопухин, олковая библия, , , , Петербург, 197, 197, 197,<br />

5-57.<br />

А.П. Лопухин, олковая библия, , , , 5-57. 5-57. 5-57.<br />

Y. Tsafrir, L. Di Segni, J. Green, Tabula mperii Romani, udaea-Palaestina.<br />

Maps and Gazetteer, Jerusalem, 1994, 15.<br />

Y. Tsafrir, L. Di Segni, J. Green, Tabula mperii Romani, 15.<br />

202<br />

Tu es varaudi simarTlesTan axlos<br />

aris, maSin SeiZleba gvefiqra, rom palestinaSi<br />

erT-erTi qarTuli monastris<br />

saxeli _ `dertavic~ kompozits warmoadgens,<br />

arabuli Dār, Deir-is da arameuli<br />

tav-isagan Sedgenils, rac unda niSnavdes<br />

wmida (kurTxeul) monasters. 5<br />

axla, rac Seexeba meore varauds:<br />

esaa arameuli Phurta _ mcire, patara<br />

nawili (dididan, mTelidan gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili<br />

mcire). 6<br />

es sityva ver davadasture biblia-<br />

Si. Tu am aram. sityvas _ Phurta-s davuSvebT<br />

qarTuli `furtavis~ wyarod, ma-<br />

Sin qarTuli `furtavi~, aram. Phurta-dan<br />

momdinare, unda niSnavdes patara, mcire<br />

monasters, romelic romeliRac didisagan<br />

iyo gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili calke erTeulad.<br />

aqedan ki `furtavelis~ miReba qarTulisaTvis<br />

Zalze martivia. Tu monasters<br />

erqva `furta~, maSin misi episkoposi<br />

iqneboda furta-el-i episkoposi,<br />

sadac bolokodur a-sa da el sufiqss<br />

Soris qarTulis niadagze bunebrivad<br />

SeiZleba gaCndes v-ini, ris Sedegadac<br />

viRebT `furtavel~ episkoposs.<br />

uTuod mniSvnelovania imis aRniSvnac,<br />

rom Furt (Frt) ZiriT nawarmoebi toponimic<br />

dadasturebulia palestinaSi (ix. Furt). 7<br />

Tu es varaudi misaRebia, maSin<br />

aseve SeiZleba iyos nawarmoebi erTi<br />

bizantiuri monastris berZnuli saxelwodeba<br />

`katamoni~; berZn. katav-monhvdan<br />

imave mniSvnelobiT _ gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili,<br />

individualuri erTeuli, e. i. patara<br />

monasteri. 8 garkveul periodSi es<br />

monasteric qarTvelebs ekuTvnodaT, 9<br />

dRes ki igi ierusalimis berZnuli<br />

el. metreveli, dertavisa da dertufas xelnawerebis<br />

irgvliv, 74-78.<br />

A. Even-Shoshan, Explanatory Dictionary.<br />

Y. Tsafrir, L. Di Segni, J. Green, Tabula mperii Romani, 15.<br />

D.D. Lampe, A Patristic Greek Lexicon.<br />

9 el. metreveli, masalebi, 89. Johannes Pahlitzsch,<br />

Die Bedeutung Jerusalems für das Königtum und Kirche<br />

in Georgien zur Zeit der Kreuzzüge im Vergleich zu Armenien.<br />

_ L’idea di Gerusalêmme nella spiritualità Cristiana<br />

del medioevo, Città del Vaticano, 3, 14-131.

sapatriarqos kuTvnilebaa.<br />

`katamonis~ saxelwodebasTan dakav-<br />

SirebiT SeiZleba saintereso iyos imis<br />

aRniSvnac, rom es monasteri ierusalimis<br />

wm. jvris monastris daqvemdebarebaSi<br />

iyo wm. nikolozis monasterTan erTad<br />

(es ukanaskneli wm. jvris monastris maxloblad<br />

mdebareobda da dRes savsebiT<br />

ganadgurebulia). 1 samive monasteri erTmaneTTan<br />

4_5 km-is radiusis fargleb-<br />

Si mdebareobda da marTlac SeiZleba<br />

vivaraudoT, rom `katamons~ es saxeli<br />

darqmeoda, rogorc wm. jvris monastris<br />

daqvemdebarebaSi my<strong>of</strong> mcire erTeuls.<br />

vfiqrob, analogiuri viTareba Sei-<br />

Zleba vivaraudoT `furtavTan~ dakav-<br />

SirebiTac. es axlad aRmoCenili monasteri,<br />

faqtobrivad, petre iberis or<br />

monasters Soris (erTi _ daviTis koSk-<br />

el. metreveli, masalebi, 145.<br />

203<br />

Tan, iafos karibWesTan, meore ki _ birel-katSi)<br />

mdebareobs, daaxl. 4_5 km-is<br />

radiusiT da iqneb, isic petre iberis<br />

monastris ganStoebas warmoadgenda<br />

da amitomac daerqva mas es saxeli.<br />

aqve unda aRvniSno isic, rom furtaveli<br />

episkoposi, rogorc Cans, erTi<br />

monastris episkoposia, iseve rogorc zemoxsenebuli<br />

samuel episkoposi (rac, Cemi<br />

varaudiT, am periodis palestinisaTvis<br />

gamonakliss ar warmoadgens).<br />

dabolos, Cem mier ganxiluli<br />

TiToeuli varianti, jerjerobiT, mxolod<br />

varaudebis doneze rCeba da, ra<br />

Tqma unda, Sors aris konkretuli<br />

daskvnebisagan. magram umleizonSi ga-<br />

Txrebis gagrZelebis SemTxvevaSi, imedi<br />

maqvs, Cems msjelobas uTuod ufro<br />

myari safuZveli miecema.

204

omis papis ioane-pavle II da sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II<br />

Sexvedra saqarTvelos mecnierebisa da kulturis<br />

warmomadgenlebTan 1999 wlis 9 noembers<br />

akademikos Tamaz gamyreliZis gamosvla<br />

Tqveno aRmatebulebav batono prezidento,<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqo,<br />

qalbatonebo, batonebo!<br />

dRes mTeli ganaTlebuli qarTveli sazogadoebrioba udidesi<br />

mowiwebiT egebeba Cveni saukunis gamorCeul moRvawes, vatikanis qalaqsaxelmwifos<br />

suverens, sruliad kaTolikuri eklesiis pirvelmsaxurs,<br />

mis uwmidesobas romis paps ioane-pavle meores.<br />

qristianobis mesame aTaswleulis mijnaze qristianuli qveynebis<br />

monaxuleba sarwmunoebis umaRles msaxurTa mier Cveni rwmenis mravalsaukunovan<br />

istoriaSi gansakuTrebuli Rirebulebis movlenad unda<br />

CaiTvalos, rasac ara mxolod da ara imdenad wminda konfesiuri, ramdenadac<br />

udidesi sazogadoebriv-politikuri da Rrma kulturul-istoriuli<br />

mniSvneloba eniWeba.<br />

Cveni saukunis damlevs qarTveloba zeimiT aRniSnavs saqarTvelos<br />

saxelmwifoebriobis 3000 wlisTavs. amave dros, Cven, qarTvelebi, uZvelesi<br />

qristianuli eri varT, warmomadgenlebi aRmosavluri _ marTlmadidebluri<br />

_ qristianobisa.<br />

aRmosavluri qristianoba, gansxvavebiT dasavluri qristianobisagan,<br />

xasiaTdeboda imiT, rom igi qristianobas Tavidanve avrcelebda adgilobrivi,<br />

erovnuli enebisa da kulturebis safuZvelze.<br />

am movlenam gamoiwvia is, rom aRmosavlur kulturul arealSi<br />

qristianobis miRebasTan erTad imTaviTve iwyeboda saRmrTo wignebis<br />

Targmna da RvTismsaxureba erovnul, mSobliur enebze. swored es iyo<br />

aRmosavlur qristianobaSi erovnebisa da erovnuli kulturebis Camoyalibebis<br />

ganmsazRvreli faqtori.<br />

Sua saukuneebis Cveni didi mwerlisa da moRvawis giorgi merCules<br />

TqmiT: `qarTlad friadi queyanaÁ aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa<br />

eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da locvaÁ yoveli aResrulebis~. es principi<br />

Cvens qveyanaSi qristianobis miRebis pirvelsave saukuneebidan moqmedebda<br />

da warmarTavda da gansazRvravda mTels Cvens sulier arsebobasa da<br />

y<strong>of</strong>ierebas.<br />

amisagan gansxvavebiT, qristianoba dasavlur kulturul arealSi<br />

vrceldeboda ZiriTadad laTinuri enis safuZvelze, saRmrTo wignebis<br />

adgilobriv, erovnul enebze gadatanisa da Targmanebis gareSe.<br />

principi saeklesio msaxurebisa da wirva-locvis erovnul enebze<br />

205

Catarebisa kaTolikur samyaroSi, rogorc cnobilia, mxolod mogvianebiT<br />

ganxorcielda da amis upirvelesi gamtarebeli dRes misi uwmidesoba<br />

romis papi ioane-pavle meore brZandeba, romelic mravalenovnobis<br />

gansacvifrebel magaliTs gviCvenebs da RvTismsaxurebas<br />

TiTqmis yvela im xalxTa enebze atarebs, romelTac igi umaRlesi samSvidobo<br />

misiiT ewveva.<br />

saqarTveloSic, Cvens sazogadoebasac misma uwmidesobam qarTulad<br />

mimarTa da mouwoda yvela qristians mSvidobis, Zmobisa da kacTmoyvareobisaken.<br />

es umaRlesi humanuri misia, rasac misi uwmidesoba ioane-pavle II<br />

ase warmatebiT axorcielebs mravali wlis manZilze, gansakuTrebiT<br />

gasagebia CvenTvis dRes, Cvens uZveles qristianul qveyanaSi _ saqarTveloSi<br />

_ da mTels kavkasiaSi.<br />

swored aq saqarTvelos prezidentma eduard SevardnaZem wamoayena<br />

`mSvidobiani kavkasiis~ idea, idea kulturaTa da civilizaciaTa dialogisa<br />

da TanamSromlobis Taobaze, romelic daupirispirda dasavleTSi<br />

farTod gavrcelebul koncefcias `civilizaciaTa Setakebis~<br />

«clash <strong>of</strong> civilizations» Sesaxeb ms<strong>of</strong>lios sxvadasxva regionSi, maT Soris<br />

kavkasiaSic.<br />

gamovTqvamT rwmenas, rom misi uwmidesobis, romis papis ioane-pavle<br />

II viziti saqarTveloSi kidev ufro Seuwyobs xels kavkasiaSi amgvari dialogis<br />

warmarTvasa da TanamSromlobas sxvadasxva civilizaciasa da sarwmunoebas<br />

Soris; Cveni qveyana xom yovelTvis gamoirCeoda gansakuTrebuli<br />

SemwynareblobiT gansxvavebuli aRmsareblobisa da rwmenis mimarT.<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav!<br />

me daviwye saqarTvelos mecnierebisa da kulturis moRvaweTa saxeliT<br />

Cemi misalmeba aRmosavluri qristianobis erT-erT uZveles _<br />

qarTul _ enaze da minda davamTavro igi dasavluri qristianobisa da<br />

kaTolikuri eklesiis uZvelesi kanonikuri, laTinuri eniT:<br />

Hodierno die, quo adventus Vestrae Sanctitatis in terram nostram solemniter celebratur,<br />

Vestram Sanctitatem et omnes hospites, qui Vobiscum venerunt, ut patriam<br />

nostram honorarent, toto pectore salutamus et vobis gratias maximas agimus.<br />

Patria nostra, hic locus antiquae Christianorum ecclesiae, semper culturae atque<br />

religionum variarum domicilium firmum erat et in postero tempore similiter, precibus<br />

Vestris, crescat, floreat et ad bonos successus luceat.<br />

Salutatio Vestra in hac terra in cordibus nostris permanebit in aeternum et in saecula<br />

saeculorum.<br />

Maximas gratias.<br />

`dRevandel dRes, rodesac Cven sazeimo viTarebaSi aRvniSnavT Tqveni<br />

uwmidesobis Cvens qveyanaSi CamobrZanebas, guliTadad mivesalmebiT<br />

Tqvens uwmidesobas da yvela TqvenTan erTad CamobrZanebul stumars,<br />

romlebic pativs miageben Cvens qveyanas.<br />

Cveni samSoblo, qristianobis es uZvelesi savane, ZvelTaganve iyo<br />

myari adgilsamy<strong>of</strong>eli sxvadasxva kulturebisa da sarwmunoebaTa; dee,<br />

momavalSic, Tqvenis locva-kurTxeviT, igi aseve gaZlierebuliyos da<br />

ayvavebuliyos keTili saqmeebisaTvis gzis saCveneblad.<br />

Tqveni Cvens qveyanaSi CamobrZaneba marad darCeba mosagonrad Cvens<br />

gulebSi.<br />

uRrmes madlobas mogaxsenebT~.<br />

206

207

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

akademikosebisa da wevr-korespondentebis Sexvedra<br />

ilia II-sTan samebis sakaTedro taZarSi<br />

(stenografiuli Canaweri)<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />

2007 wlis 30 ianvari<br />

yovlad samRvdelono mRvdelmTavarno,<br />

Tqveno aRmatebulebav batono prezidento,<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevrebo da wevr-korespondentebo,<br />

qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />

dRes aris gansakuTrebuli da istoriuli dRe, roca saqarTvelos<br />

samociqulo eklesia maspinZlobs Cvens gamoCenil da eris winaSe damsaxurebul<br />

xalxs aq, wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris savaneSi.<br />

rwmena, sarwmunoeba da mecniereba es aris ori Zala, romelmac<br />

mogviyvana Cven dRemde, romelmac gadaarCina qarTveli eri. me mogesalmebiT<br />

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT da piradad<br />

Cemi saxeliT. Tqveni damsaxureba metad didia. Cven gamoviareT didi<br />

208

gansacdeli. iyo dro, roca totalitaruli reJimi yvelafers akeTebda<br />

imisaTvis, rom gaeTiSaT eklesia da qarTveli xalxi, codnisa da<br />

rwmenis mqone adamianebi, magram Cven mudam gvaxsovda da gvaxsovs<br />

Cveni winaprebis locva-kurTxeva da Cveni winaprebis erovnuli idea.<br />

roca qmnida daviT aRmaSenebeli gelaTis akademias, man dasaxa gegma,<br />

rom is unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo axali ierusalimi da meore aTina. ierusalimi<br />

Tavisi rwmeniT da Tavisi sulierebiT, maRali RvTismetyvelebiT,<br />

da meore aTina _ Tavisi didi mecnierebiT.<br />

Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom rwmenasa da codnas Soris urTierTobis<br />

sakiTxi uZvelesi sakiTxia, jer kidev pirvel-meore saukuneebSi idga<br />

es sakiTxi _ romelia pirveladi, rwmena Tu codna. didi filos<strong>of</strong>osi,<br />

aleqsandriis skolis didi moRvawe klimenti aleqsandrieli<br />

Tavis SromaSi ambobs, rom aucilebelia rwmenac da codnac, magram<br />

pirveladi aris rwmena da rwmenaze dafuZnebuli unda iyos mecniereba.<br />

SesaniSnav daskvnas akeTebs klimenti aleqsandrieli, rom<br />

mxolod morwmune adamiani aris mona RvTisa, xolo morwmune da ganaTlebuli,<br />

mcodne adamiani aris megobari RvTisa, e. i. klimenti<br />

aleqsandrieli gvisaxavs kibes, razec unda avides mona RvTisa. es<br />

aris sruly<strong>of</strong>is kibe. Cven unda gvaxsovdes, rom TviT ufalma ieso<br />

qristem brZana _ `iyaviT sruly<strong>of</strong>ilni, viTarca mamaTqveni sruly<strong>of</strong>il<br />

ars~. es aris dausrulebeli ganviTarebis procesi da ai, dRes Cven Sev-<br />

ZeliT is, rac ver moxda warsulSi, ufro swored, rasac eRobeboda<br />

ideologia. dRes Cven SevxvdiT am wmida savaneSi, wmida samebis axalgazrdul<br />

centrSi.<br />

me kidev erTxel mogesalmebiT yvelas, gamovTqvam Cvens did sixaruls<br />

Tqveni mobrZanebiT da me minda vTqva, rom mravali problema<br />

dgas dRes saqarTvelos winaSe da es unda gadavwyvitoT erTad, mTelma<br />

erma xelisuflebasTan erTad. Cven unda vaswavloT Cvens axalgazrdobas<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi azrovneba, Cven unda gvaxsovdes, rom pasuxismgebelni<br />

varT RvTis winaSe da Cveni samSoblos winaSe. Cveni eri<br />

didad afasebs Tqvens Rvawls da me vfiqrob, rom es unda aRiniSnos<br />

da Tqveni saxelebi da gvarebi oqros asoebiT unda aRibeWdos Cvens<br />

istoriaSi da TviT akademiis kedlebze.<br />

RmerTma daglocoT, gagaZlieroT, bevri sikeTe gagakeTebinoT<br />

Cveni eris sakeTildReod da me minda vTxovo mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademiis prezidents, baton Tamaz gamyreliZes Tqvas Tavisi sityva.<br />

209

akad. T. gamyreliZe<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav, Zvirfaso kolegebo,<br />

dRevandeli dRe Seva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

istoriaSi rogorc umniSvnelovanesi dRe; dRe, romelic aCvenebs, Tu ra<br />

kavSiria codnasa da rwmenas Soris. me minda daviwyo zustad imiT, riTac<br />

Tqven daamTavreT, Tqveno uwmidesobav _ es aris urTierToba mecnierebasa<br />

da sarwmunoebas Soris, urTierToba codnasa da rwmenas Soris.<br />

dRes me minda gadmogceT Tqven, Tqveno uwmidesobav, xati, romelic<br />

Seiqmna saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademiaSi. es xati ekuTvnis<br />

akademikos Tengiz sanaZes. aq aris gamosaxuli daviT aRmaSenebeli gelaTiT<br />

xelSi da wmindanebi, maT Soris ilia marTali _ ilia WavWavaZe<br />

da eqvTime TayaiSvili, Cveni didi moRvaweebi, Cveni didi mecnierebi.<br />

akademiis mier morTmeul xatze gamosaxuleba ar aris SemTxveviTi:<br />

daviT aRmaSenebeli taZriT xelSi aris emblema saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

erovnuli akademiisa. es aris xazgasma imisa, rom saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia aris memkvidre Zveli qarTuli akademiebisa,<br />

upirveles yovlisa, gelaTis akademiisa, romelic dafuZnebul<br />

iqna daviT aRmaSeneblis mier. mefe daviTi iyo ara mxolod mefe-aRmaSenebeli,<br />

is iyo mefe-ganmanaTlebeli, romelmac daafuZna, daaarsa<br />

uZvelesi qarTuli akademiebi, maT Soris gelaTis akademia, taZrad<br />

swavlulebisa, sxvad aTinad da meore ierusalimad, e. i. imdroindeli<br />

saerTaSoriso mecnierebis centrad, romelsac aTeni warmoadgenda, da<br />

sulierebis saerTaSoriso centrad, romelsac ierusalimi _ `ieruSalaimi~<br />

warmoadgenda. swored am tradiciebis gamgrZelebeli aris<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia. SemTxveviTi ar aris is,<br />

rom ivane javaxiSvilma Tbilisis universitetis gaxsna, pirveli qar-<br />

Tuli universitetis gaxsna daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes (26 ianvari<br />

_ 8 Tebervali) daamTxvia. amiT man xazi gausva imas, rom qarTuli<br />

universiteti iyo memkvidre gelaTis akademiisa, qarTuli universiteti,<br />

sadac Camoyalibda saqveynod cnobili qarTuli samecniero skolebi<br />

_ maTematikuri skola, fiziologiuri skola, qarTuli saenaTmecniero<br />

skola, qarTuli xelovnebaTmcodneoba, saqveynod cnobili saaRmosavleTmcodneo<br />

skola da mravali sxva qarTuli samecniero skola...<br />

universitetis damfuZneblebma mogvianebiT safuZveli Cauyares saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa akademias, romelsac dRes `saqarTvelos mecniereba-<br />

Ta erovnuli akademia~ ewodeba. swored aq, akademiis wiaRSi ganviTarda<br />

qarTuli mecniereba, qarTuli samecniero skolebi.<br />

me aRvniSne, rom apoTeosi Cveni dRevandeli Sexvedrisa aris demonstrireba<br />

codnisa da rwmenis urTierTobisa. mogexsenebaT, Zvirfaso<br />

kolegebo, rom dRevandeli mecnierebis erT-erTi urTulesi problema<br />

aris garkveva codnisa da rwmenis urTierTobisa. udidesi moazrovneebi,<br />

maT Soris udidesi bunebismetyvelni, Rrmad morwmune adamianebi iyvnen;<br />

210

maqs planki, albert ainStaini, dRes kosmogoniis udidesi warmomadgeneli<br />

stiven hokingi da mravali sxva Rrmad morwmune adamianebi<br />

iyvnen da arian; isini Tvlian, rom codna da rwmena, mecniereba da sarwmunoeba<br />

ki ar gamoricxaven, aramed avseben erTmaneTs. es aris ori mxare<br />

saerTo fenomenisa, saerTo movlenisa, rom adamiani da samyaro Seicnoba<br />

swored ai am ori sferos gaerTianebiT; isini `damatebiTni~ arian<br />

erTmaneTis mimarT adamianisa da samyaros SemecnebaSi (`damatebiTobis~<br />

nils boriseuli gagebiT). ai, es aris, me mgoni, yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />

da arsebiTi dRevandel mecnierebaSi da, albaT, am princips unda axorcielebdes<br />

mecnieruli kvleva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademiaSi.<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav! Tqven, Tqveni pirovnebiT ganasaxierebT swored<br />

am Serwymas codnisa da rwmenisas da es iyo safuZveli imisa, rom saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnulma akademiam erTsulovnad agirCiaT Tqven<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis sapatio wevrad _ sapatio<br />

akademikosad. aseTi faqti metad iSviaTia Tanamedrove samyaroSi,<br />

Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi; sul ramdenime ms<strong>of</strong>lio akademia SeiZleba<br />

iqnes dasaxelebuli da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia<br />

amayobs imiT, rom erT-erTi pirvelia maT Soris, sadac qveynis kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

eris sulieri mama da umaRlesi rangis sasuliero<br />

piri arCeulia amave dros mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio wevrad.<br />

dRes saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia cnobili reformebis<br />

Sedegad gardaiqmna im mimarTulebiT, rom mecnierebaTa<br />

akademias gamoeyo kvleviTi institutebi, romlebic gaxdnen sajaro<br />

samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi. amdenad, isini damoukidebelni gaxdnen<br />

da daukavSirdnen sxvadasxva dawesebulebas, ZiriTadad, ganaTlebisa da<br />

mecnierebis saministros.<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis dRevandeli funqcia<br />

aris koordinacia mecnieruli muSaobisa mTeli respublikis masStabiT<br />

da kvleviTi institutebi, kvleviTi dawesebulebebi angariSvaldebulni<br />

arian saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis winaSe mecnieruli<br />

TvalsazrisiT.<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia amJamad aris umaRlesi<br />

samecniero organo, mrCeveli xelisuflebisa mecnierebis sakiTxebSi da<br />

koordinatori mTeli samecniero muSaobisa. me imedi maqvs, rom Cven<br />

gavagrZelebT saqmianobas am mimarTulebiT da es aris sawindari imisa,<br />

rom qarTuli mecniereba, qarTuli samecniero skolebi kidev ufro<br />

ganviTardeba da axal simaRleebs miaRwevs. institutebis nacvlad Cven<br />

akademiis sistemaSi vayalibebT samecniero komisiebs, romlebic gauZ-<br />

Rvebian samecniero kvleva-Ziebas mTeli respublikis masStabiT... erTerTi<br />

aseTi komisia ukve arsebobs, jerjerobiT yvela komisia ar aris<br />

Camoyalibebuli, magram ukve arsebobs ramdenime komisia, romlebic<br />

metad nay<strong>of</strong>ierad da Sedegianad muSaoben. erT-erTi aseTi komisia gax-<br />

211

lavT `qristianuli Teologiisa da religiis istoriis Semswavleli<br />

komisia~, romlis xelmZRvaneli brZandeba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

da romelic eweva Zalian did samecniero moRvaweobas;<br />

amis Sesaxeb Cven am komisiis xelmZRvanelis moadgile mogvaxsenebs. vidre<br />

am moxsenebaze gadavidodeT, me minda, Tqveno uwmidesobav, mogarTvaT<br />

Cvens mecnierebaTa akademiaSi Seqmnili es xati (gadascems xats).<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />

me madlobas gwiravT, es aris namdvilad istoriuli dRe da istoriuli<br />

xati. daviT aRmaSenebelma daglocoT Tqven da sruliad saqarTvelo!<br />

mama-demetre _ sityva eZleva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

akademikoss, baton roin metrevels.<br />

akad. r. metreveli<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav,<br />

batono prezidento,<br />

dRes WeSmaritad bednieri dRea, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademia Tavisi sruli SemadgenlobiT stumrobs wmida samebis didebul<br />

taZars da me minda Cemi gamosvla daviwyo imiT, rom, Tqveno uwmidesobav,<br />

uRrmesi madloba mogaxsenoT Tqveni didi TaosnobisaTvis, im didi<br />

RvawlisaTvis, romelic gaswieT am brwyinvale taZris agebisaTvis da<br />

madloba vuTxra yvela imaT, vinc mxarSi gedgaT Tqven da am grandiozul<br />

Senobas agebda. es aris sulieri savane qarTveli erisa da ar SeiZleba<br />

madloba ar vTqvaT amisaTvis.<br />

me paraleli minda gavavlo, rom saqarTvelos pirvelma patriarqma<br />

melqisedekma sveticxovlis didi taZari aago da ar SemiZlia uRrmesi<br />

madliereba ar gamovxato Cveni patriarqisadmi, romelic saqarTvelos<br />

sapatriarqo taxtze aRsaydrebis umal, am 30 wlis winaT, 1977 wlis<br />

25 ianvridan moyolebuli, zrunavs erze, zrunavs xalxze, zrunavs qarTvel<br />

sazogadoebaze, qarTul kulturaze, qarTul mecnierebaze da es<br />

taZari damagvirgvinebeli gaxlavT yovelive amisa.<br />

Cven kargad gvaxsovs is didi roli, romelic qarTulma samociqulo<br />

eklesiam Seasrula saqarTvelos istoriaSi, kargad gvesmis didi damsaxureba<br />

saeklesio moRvaweebisa, gvesmis maTi amagi, viciT maTi Rvawli da<br />

minda mogaxsenoT, rom ukve me-20 saukunis dasawyisidan, mas Semdeg, rac<br />

qarTulma avtokefaliurma eklesiam Tavisi damoukidebloba daibruna<br />

1917 wlidan, qarTveli patriarqebi Cadgnen saqarTvelos istoriis, qarTuli<br />

kulturis, qarTuli mecnierebis da aRmSeneblobis samsaxurSi.<br />

212

minda mivmarTo Cems kolegebs, rom wlevandeli weli_ es aris saiubileo<br />

weli: 30 weli sruldeba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

ilia meoris aRsaydrebidan. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnulma<br />

akademiam, albaT, mTel qarTvel sazogadoebasTan erTad unda izrunos<br />

imaze, rom RirsebiT aRniSnos es TariRi, aRniSnos saqarTvelos sulieri<br />

aRorZinebis TariRi, saqarTvelos sulieri aRmavlobis TariRi.<br />

minda kidev erTxel madloba movaxseno mis uwmidesobas, minda davarwmuno<br />

igi, rom qarTveli mecnierebi, rogorc yovelTvis, amieridanac<br />

ukuniTi ukunisamde qarTuli eklesiis, qarTuli samociqulo,<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gverdiT iqnebian.<br />

didi madloba.<br />

mama-demetre _ sityva eZleva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

qristianuli Teologiisa da religiis istoriis Semswavleli<br />

komisiis Tavmjdomaris moadgiles baton zaza abaSiZes.<br />

b-ni zaza abaSiZe<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav,<br />

batono prezidento,<br />

yovlad samRvdelo meufeno,<br />

batonebo da qalbatonebo!<br />

CemTvis didi pativia aseTi saocari sazogadoebis, akademiuri<br />

sazogadoebis winaSe gamosvla; me ubralod ramdenime sityviT minda<br />

Sevexo im samuSao gegmebs, romlebic am komisias aqvs Tavisi momavali<br />

muSaobis perspeqtivis TvalsazrisiT.<br />

aq damswreTagan albaT yvelas kargad moexseneba, Tu rodis daiwyo<br />

misma uwmidesobam zrunva saqarTveloSi sarwmunoebisa da mecnierebis<br />

gaerTianebisa da daaxloebisTvis. albaT, yvelas kargad gaxsovT 70iani<br />

wlebis bolo, rodesac misma uwmidesobam ganaaxla is tradicia,<br />

romelic saqarTvelos eklesiaSi SemoiRo misma uwmidesobam, saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma kalistratem, daawesa ra e.w. `xuTSaba-<br />

Tobebi~, sadac ZiriTadad mecnierebTan iyo Sexvedrebi da am Sexvedrebze<br />

Zalian xSirad bWobdnen, baasobdnen mecnierebis aqtualur sakiTxebze.<br />

Semdegi safexuri iyo Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis Seqmna. bevri<br />

Zalian skeptikurad uyurebda am wamowyebas, Tvlida, rom es naadrevi<br />

nabiji iyo, magram 1989 wels misma uwmidesobam gaxsna akademia, akademia,<br />

romelic dRes ukve iqceva saRvTismetyvelo mecnierebis centrad<br />

saqarTveloSi.<br />

saqme isaa, rom skeptikosebis damokidebuleba raRac kuTxiT obieqturic<br />

iyo, radgan Tvlidnen, rom saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs saRvTismetyvelo<br />

skola. marTlac, Cven xom uzarmazari wyvetiloba gvqonda,<br />

daaxloebiT me-16 saukunis Semdeg aRar gvqonia umaRlesi sasuliero<br />

213

ganaTlebis centri, iseTi, rogoric iyo, vTqvaT, gelaTis akademia, magram<br />

es safexuri, Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis Seqmna, Zalian mniSvnelovani<br />

iyo swored am kuTxiTac, mecnierebis da rwmenis daaxloebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT. Tundac is, rom am akademiaSi pedagogiur moRvaweobas<br />

eweodnen da ewevian cnobili mecnierebi, Tundac qalbatoni mariam<br />

lorTqifaniZe, romelic dRidan daarsebisa kiTxulobda da kiTxulobs<br />

leqciebs saqarTvelos istoriaSi; es kidev erTi magaliTia imisa, Tu ra<br />

mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni eklesiis urTierTobas Cvens mecnierebasTan, ker-<br />

Zod, mecnierebaTa akademiasTan. misi uwmidesobis mTeli es moRvaweoba<br />

SarSan dagvirgvinda imiT, rom mecnierebaTa erovnul akademiaSi Seiqmna<br />

religiis istoriisa da RvTismetyvelebis komisia, romelsac evaleba<br />

saRvTismetyvelo da religiis istoriis dargSi yvela kvlevis koordinacia<br />

saqarTveloSi. Cven vapirebT axali wlidan, ianvridan, yovelTviurad<br />

gavmarToT saRvTismetyvelo komisiis sxdomebi, sadac Cveni eklesiis<br />

istoriis, RvTismetyvelebis aqtualuri sakiTxebi ganixileba,<br />

davawesoT dRe da albaT yvelas ecodineba, rom ai am dRes mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis did an mcire darbazSi iqneba am komisiis sxdoma da komisiis<br />

sxdomaze wardgebian sxvadasxva dargis mecnierebi, romlebic isaubreben<br />

RvTismetyvelebis, religiis da, TavisTavad cxadia, mecnierebisTvis<br />

aqtualur sakiTxebze.<br />

kidev erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, romelic axla dgas am komisiis<br />

winaSe, es aris is, rom praqtikulad misi uwmidesobis da saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiiis prezidentis SeTanxmebiT da maTi surviliT,<br />

Cveni komisiis bazaze gagrZeldeba muSaoba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis enciklopediaze. am enciklopediaze muSaoba didi<br />

xnis win unda dawyebuliyo, samwuxarod, mwiri biujetis gamo amas ver<br />

vaxerxebdiT, verc dRes davikvexniT Zalian didi biujetiT, magram imedi<br />

gvaqvs, rom mogvxedaven da am saqmes davagvirgvinebT. 2006 wels unda<br />

damTavrebuliyo muSaoba, magram es ver moxerxda am mizezis gamo. magram<br />

vfiqrob, rom Cven 2007 wels davamTavrebT muSaobas am Zalian mniSvnelovan<br />

saqmeze... da es iqneba Zalian kargi im kuTxiT da im TvalsazrisiT,<br />

rom is mieZRvneba misi uwmidesobis aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavs.<br />

me kidev erTxel Zalian didi madloba minda movaxseno mis uwmidesobas<br />

qarTuli mecnierebis ganviTarebaze marTlac Zalian didi zrunvisaTvis.<br />

is, rom Seqmnilia saerTaSoriso fondi sulierebis da mecnierebis<br />

ganviTarebisa, romelic kaTolikos-patriarqis fondad iwodeba,<br />

esec erT-erTi dasturia am zrunvisa. kidev erTxel didi madloba<br />

mis uwmidesobas.<br />

214

kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II<br />

qalbatonebo da batonebo,<br />

dRes namdvilad didi dRea. me vfiqrob am 2000 wlis manZilze es<br />

pirveli SemTxvevaa, roca saqarTvelos eklesia maspinZlobs Cvens didebul<br />

adamianebs, Cvens mecnierebs. me vifiqre, Tu riT aRmeniSna es Cveni<br />

Sexvedra da miviRe gadawyvetileba _ Tqven mogerTmevaT sapatriarqo<br />

sigeli _ akademiis yvela wevrs da wevr-korespondents. amasTan erTad,<br />

Tqven gadmogecemaT unikaluri gamocemis pirveli tomi _ `naTeli<br />

qristesi _ saqarTvelo~. es iqneba trilogia, sami wigni _ meore ukve<br />

dabeWdilia; misi prezentacia ukve iyo da axla daiwyeba muSaoba mesame<br />

tomze. mesame wigni moicavs me-20 saukunis meore naxevars. Zalian rTuli<br />

periodia da me minda, rom am wignis SedgenaSi monawileoba miiRon<br />

mecnierebaTa akademiam, sasuliero seminariam da akademiisa da enciklopediis<br />

mecnierebma. me vfiqrob, rom es metad saintereso mesame tomi<br />

male damuSavdeba da gadaecema dasabeWdad. axla gamocxaddeba Tqveni<br />

gvarebi da saxelebi da me gadmogcemT trilogiis pirvel toms, gadmogcemT<br />

sigels da specialur locvas _ vercxlis braslets, sadac aris<br />

Tqveni dalocva.<br />

RmerTma daglocoT, RmerTma gagaxaroT da RmerTma kidev bevri gagakeTebinoT.<br />

minda mogaxsenoT, rom Cveni mecnierebi aRzrdilni arian iseT dros,<br />

roca ikrZaleboda sarwmunoeba, da Zalian xSiri SemTxveva y<strong>of</strong>ila sab-<br />

WoTa kavSiris dros, roca modiodnen CvenTan mecnierebi da Cumad meubnebodnen,<br />

rom me gulSi morwmune varo. es kargia, morwmune unda iyos<br />

adamiani, magram wmida mamebi amboben, rom es ar aris sakmarisi; adamiani<br />

unda iyos eklesiuri, unda miiRos ziareba, unda Tqvas aRsareba, sulieri<br />

ganTavisufleba, sulieri ganwmenda unda moxdes adamianSi. wmida<br />

mamebi amboben _ rom ar y<strong>of</strong>iliyo aRsareba da ziareba, verc erTi adamiani<br />

ver cxondeboda. amitom me minda, rom yovel adamians hyavdes sulieri<br />

moZRvari, romelic ilocebs TqvenTvis da sulierad dagexmarebaT<br />

Tqven. dalocvili da gaxarebuli gamy<strong>of</strong>oT ufalma!<br />

am sigelebis miRebis Semdeg Cven avalT samebis taZarSi da madlobas<br />

SevwiravT ufals da davanTebT sanTels...<br />

CvenTan ars RmerTi!<br />

(Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarqma saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademiis yvela akademikossa da wevr-korespondents sazeimo viTarebaSi<br />

gadasca trilogiis I tomi da sapatriarqos sigeli).<br />

215

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

prezidiumis gafarToebuli sxdoma,<br />

2007 wlis 12 oqtomberi<br />

akademikos Tamaz gamyreliZis gamosvla<br />

batonebo, Zvirfaso kolegebo,<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

erovnuli akademiis sapatio akademikosi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia II ayenebs Cveni akademiis winaSe sakiTxs misi yovladuwmidesobis,<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarq barTolomeos I erovnuli akademiis<br />

ucxoel sapatio wevrad arCevis Sesaxeb.<br />

misi yovladuwmidesoba, ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi barTolomeos I Camodis<br />

saqarTveloSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia II aRsaydrebis saiubileo TariRTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi, misi yovladuwmidesoba barTolomeos I aris<br />

sulieri winamZRoli 250 milionamde morwmune marTlmadidebeli adamianisa;<br />

dRidan misi ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqad aRsaydrebisa 1991 wels,<br />

misi yovladuwmidesobis gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobis sagania dialogis<br />

warmoeba qristianul, islamur da ebraul samyaroebs Soris,<br />

rasac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs Tanamedrove aboboqrebul samyaroSi.<br />

es erTgvarad igive saqmianobaa, rasac eweva Cveni kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II kulturaTa da civilizaciaTa Soris<br />

dialogis ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT, sapirispirod ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi<br />

gavrcelebuli Tezisisa `civilizaciaTa Setakebis~ Sesaxeb.<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis maRal misias warmoadgens ms<strong>of</strong>lios iseTi<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis saqmianobis koordinacia da harmonizacia,<br />

rogoricaa aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis, saqarTvelos,<br />

serbeTis, rumineTis da bulgareTis, kviprosis, saberZneTis, polone-<br />

Tis, albaneTis, CexeTisa da slovakiis, fineTisa da estoneTis.<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis sagania agreTve<br />

garemos dacvis problemebi, gansakuTrebiT Savi zRvis regionisa, ris<br />

gamoc mas `mwvane patriarqi~ Searqves.<br />

mTeli am saqmianobisaTvis, romelic moicavs religiuri Tavisuflebebisa<br />

da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferos, ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqs<br />

gadaeca jildod amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis kongresis oqros medali;<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi, misi yovladuwmidesoba gaxlavT amasTanave<br />

gamoCenili mecnieri-Teologi, ms<strong>of</strong>lios mravali universitetis sapatio<br />

doqtori... misi yovladuwmidesobis, ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis arCeva<br />

Cvens akademiaSi ucxoel sapatio wevrad didi pativi iqneboda ara mxolod<br />

TviT ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqisaTvis, aramed saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

erovnuli akademiisaTvisac.<br />

me vayeneb winadadebas ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis, misi yovladuwmidesobis,<br />

barTolomeos I arCevis Taobaze saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademiis ucxoel sapatio wevrad.<br />

216

217

218

moswavle-axalgazrdobis sasaxlis<br />

sarkeebiani darbazi<br />

saqarTvelos sapatriarqosa da<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

sxdoma, 2007 wlis 16 oqtomberi<br />

akademikos Tamaz gamyreliZis gamosvla<br />

Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqo,<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqo,<br />

yovladsamRvdelo mRvdelmTavarno,<br />

qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis sapatio akademikosma, uwmidesma da<br />

unetaresma ilia II ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi, misi yovladuwmidesoba bar-<br />

Tolomeos I waradgina saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademia-<br />

Si ucxoel sapatio wevrad asarCevad.<br />

Cveni akademiis prezidiumis gafarToebul sxdomaze ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

patriarqi, misi yovladuwmidesoba barTolomeos I erTxmad iqna ar-<br />

Ceuli akademiis ucxoel sapatio wevrad rogorc saerTaSoriso mar-<br />

Tlmadidebluri samyaros sulieri winamZRoli, rogorc kulturaTa<br />

da civilizaciaTa Soris dialogisa da TanamSromlobis aqtiuri<br />

xelSemwyobi, risTvisac mas, rogorc gamoCenil mecnier-Teologs,<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lios sxvadasxva universitetisa da samecniero dawesebulebis<br />

sapatio doqtors, mravali saerTaSoriso jildo aqvs miRebuli,<br />

maT Soris amerikis kongresis oqros medali.<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnulma akademiam gaamzada saTanado<br />

sapatio diplomi; neba momeciT gadavce es diplomi da Cveni<br />

akademiis saiubileo medali akademiis ucxoel sapatio wevrs – mis<br />

yovladuwmidesobas, ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqs barTolomeos I<br />

Your All Holiness, Archbishop <strong>of</strong> Constantinople,<br />

New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew<br />

It is my great honour and privilege to inform You that the <strong>Georgian</strong> Na-<br />

tional <strong>Academy</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sciences</strong> has elected You a Foreign Honorary Member<br />

<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Academy</strong> and has granted unto You all the rights and privileges <strong>of</strong><br />

a Member.<br />

219

As Archbishop <strong>of</strong> Constantinople and New Rome and Ecumenical Patri-<br />

arch, Your activities facilitate inter-church and inter-faith dialogues and<br />

serve as the primary expresser <strong>of</strong> Church unity, as a whole. As Ecumenical<br />

Patriarch you transcend on a global scale every national and ethnic group,<br />

and presently you are the Spiritual Leader <strong>of</strong> approximately 250 million<br />

faithful throughout the world. Your activities as Ecumenical Patriarch are<br />

also well-known in support <strong>of</strong> the Orthodox Churches emerging from de-<br />

cades <strong>of</strong> wide-scale religious persecution behind the Iron-Curtain.<br />

We highly appreciate also your activities in sponsoring Peace and Toler-<br />

ance Conferences bringing together Christians, Muslims and Jews and<br />

contributing a great deal to the dialogue between cultures and civiliza-<br />

tions, as opposed to the well-known thesis <strong>of</strong> the “Clash <strong>of</strong> Civiliza-<br />

tions” in the Modern World. All these endeavours in obtaining religious<br />

freedom and protecting human rights brought you many awards, as the<br />

U.S. Congressional Gold Medal and Honorary Doctorates from quite a<br />

number <strong>of</strong> World Universities and Scientific Institutions. <strong>The</strong> <strong>Georgian</strong><br />

<strong>National</strong> <strong>Academy</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sciences</strong> is one <strong>of</strong> them, and we were unanimous<br />

in electing You a Foreign Honorary Member <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Georgian</strong> <strong>National</strong><br />

<strong>Academy</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sciences</strong>. Allow me to hand You to this effect the <strong>Academy</strong><br />

Diploma and the <strong>Academy</strong> Medal.<br />

220

misi yovladuwmidesobis ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis<br />

barTolomeos I sityva,<br />

warmoTqmuli misTvis saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

erovnuli akademiis sapatio akademikosis<br />

wodebis miniWebis ceremonialze<br />

221<br />

moswavle-axalgazrdobis sasaxle,<br />

2007 wlis 16 oqtomberi<br />

didi sixaruliTa da mRelvarebiT vimy<strong>of</strong>ebiT TqvenTan erTad. Cveni<br />

arCeva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevrad did pativad<br />

migvaCnia. am sapatio titulis moniWebiT Tqven pativs miagebT<br />

qristesmier dedaeklesias, madlobas mogaxsenebT am keTilSobiluri<br />

JestisaTvis. am tituls ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqosadmi qarTveli xalxis<br />

pativiscemis, siyvarulisa da erTgulebis gulwrfeli grZnobebis gamoxatulebad<br />

aRviqvamT.<br />

gansakuTrebiT did madlobas movaxsenebT akademiis prezidents baton<br />

Tamaz gamyreliZes. am ramdenime wlis win Cven mier ganxorcielebuli<br />

vizitisas Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi SevxvdiT Cven erTmaneTs.<br />

asec rom ar momxdariyo, misi saxeli CvenTvis mainc cnobili<br />

iqneboda, radgan mas saerTaSoriso aRiareba aqvs mopovebuli enaTmecnierebis<br />

dargSi miRweuli warmatebebis gamo. igi saqveynod cnobili<br />

araerTi saerTaSoriso samecniero akademiis wevria.<br />

moxaruli varT, rom vimy<strong>of</strong>ebiT akademiaSi, romelsac amSveneben nebismieri<br />

samecniero dargis uSesaniSnavesi warmomadgenlebi, romlebmac<br />

sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi masStaburi wvlili Seitanes nebismieri<br />

dargis ganviTarebaSi da saerTaSoriso aRiarebasac miaRwies rogorc<br />

teqnikuri, aseve humanitaruli mecnierebis dargebSi. Cven SegviZlia<br />

CamovTvaloT humanitaruli mecnierebis saqveynod cnobili qarTuli<br />

gvarebi, esenia: akaki SaniZe da korneli kekeliZe, romelTac didi<br />

wvlili Seitanes qarTuli paleografiis da liturgikuli wignebis<br />

SeswavlaSi; cnobili aRmosavleTmcodne giorgi wereTeli, cnobili<br />

semitologi konstantine wereTeli, arqeologi oTar lorTqifaniZe;<br />

didi maTematikosebi teqnikuri mecnierebidan _ niko musxeliSvili da<br />

ilia vekua. cnobili geologi aleqsandre janeliZe, cnobili fiziologi<br />

ivane beritaSvili, cnobili fsiqologi dimitri uznaZe, cnobili<br />

astr<strong>of</strong>izikosi evgeni xaraZe da sxvani.<br />

gansakuTrebiT gvinda movixsenioT grigol wereTeli, berZnuli<br />

paleografiisa da papirologiis uSesaniSnavesi warmomadgeneli, romelmac<br />

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi klasikuri filologiis<br />

dargi daafuZna. mis wigns berZnuli paleografiis Sesaxeb jerac<br />

ar daukargavs Tavisi Rirebuleba da samagido wignia am dargSi momu-

vnebaTagan. samoTxidan gaZevebis Semdeg ki mxecebi da Citebi, romelTac<br />

uyvardaT igi, dafrTxnen da ganeridnen. sicive da SimSili tanjavda mas.<br />

mze wvavda da qari uwylulebda sxeuls. avadmy<strong>of</strong>oba da uZlureba moeria,~<br />

– wers igive wmindani.<br />

adamis dacemam adamians ubiZga imisken, rom RmrTis Semcvleli epovna.<br />

is, rac sicarieles Seuvsebda. maSin adamianma Tavis gadasarCenad, RvTis<br />

madlis SemweobiT, teqnologiis ganviTarebasa da mecnierebas miaSura.<br />

mogvianebiT, JamTa svlasTan erTad, teqnologia sul ufro da ufro<br />

viTardeboda da ixveweboda; bevri ram dafaruli da ucnobi gamomzeurda<br />

da cnobili gaxda. adamiani Tavs SezRudulad grZnobs Tavisi planetis<br />

sazRvrebSi da survili uCndeba gamoikvlios samyaro, sxva planetebi.<br />

Tuki yuradRebiT davakvirdebiT kacobriobis istorias, mivxvdebiT,<br />

rom mecniereba, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavlebis mixedviT, dacemis<br />

periodis Semdeg Cndeba da mas ar SeuZlia Seuvsos adamians is sicariele,<br />

rasac grZnobs. ramdenma saukunemac unda Caiaros, mecniereba mainc<br />

ver gascems pasuxs y<strong>of</strong>ierebis umTavres sakiTxebs, romlebic aSfoTeben<br />

adamians. aqedan gamomdinare ki mecnierebis progresi verasodes Secvlis<br />

religiasa da eklesias. ar unda agverios mecnierebisa da religiis<br />

sazRvrebi, iseve rogorc maTi miRwevebi.<br />

mecnierebis sazRvrebi sakmaod gafarToebulia religiuri mrwamsis<br />

sazRvrebTan SedarebiT, amasTanave is Cavlili da gacveTili samyaros<br />

CarCoebSia moqceuli. marTlmadidebel eklesias Tavis rigebSi dRes<br />

hyavs adamianebi, romlebsac sakmaod warmatebuli samecniero kariera<br />

gaaCniaT da, aqedan gamomdinare, ar SeiZleba maT CamorCenilebi, ukan<br />

msvlelebi vuwodoT. mama s<strong>of</strong>roniosis swavlebis Tanaxmad, Tuki sulieri<br />

adamiani mecnierebisken miapyrobs mzeras, xels mihy<strong>of</strong>s asketur<br />

cxovrebas, gamoaCens ufro met SesaZleblobebs mecnierebaSi, vidre<br />

is, romelic naklebad sulieria. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, sulieri<br />

adamiani ufro maRali da didi Rirebulebis sferoebSi moqmedebs, vidre<br />

logikisa da mecnieruli codnis sferoebia. aqedan gamomdinare, isini,<br />

vinc y<strong>of</strong>iT problemebs emsaxurebian, ufro dabal safexurze Camodian.<br />

saxareba gveubneba: `Zeni amis s<strong>of</strong>lisani ugonieres arian ufroÁs ZeTa<br />

naTlisaTa, naTesavTa Soris maTsa“ (luk. 16,8).<br />

axla ki magaliTad kvlav mama siluanosis gamonaTqvams moviyvanT.<br />

I ms<strong>of</strong>lio omis Semdeg (1914_18) aTonis mTis tyis aTviseba Zraviani<br />

xerxiT daiwyes. ikonomosi, aTonis mTis rusuli monastris beri, aRtacebuli<br />

iyo axali teqnologiiT, radgan xerxi germanuli warmoebisa<br />

iyo, dReniadag germanelebs aqebda da rusebs aginebda: `Cven rusebi<br />

arafris maqnisebi varTo“.<br />

wmida siluanosma upasuxa: `me vfiqrob mizezi sxvaa da ara is, rom<br />

rusebi arafris maqnisebi arian. rusebisaTvis upirvelesi RmerTia, TavianT<br />

upirveles Zalas RmerTs uZRvnian da naklebad fiqroben amqveyniur<br />

problemebze. Tuki rusi xalxi mTel Tavis potencials miwier<br />

222

223

224

SaveTaTvis. am dargis pr<strong>of</strong>esorebi mTels ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi axlac am wigniT<br />

xelmZRvaneloben TavianT mowafeebTan muSaobisas am urTulesi sagnis<br />

anbanis swavlebis dros.<br />

aseTi didi da SesaniSnavi tradiciis mqone akademia dResac agrZelebs<br />

Tavis moRvaweobas. es kargad Cans am ukanasknel wlebSi Catarebuli<br />

arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad gamovlenili masaliT, romelmac<br />

mTeli ms<strong>of</strong>lio samecniero sazogadoebis yuradReba miipyro. arqeologiis<br />

dargSi didi warmatebis nimuSad dmanisis aRmoCenebs davasaxelebT.<br />

iq aRmoCenili Tavis qalebi, mecnierTa azriT, metad mniSvnelovan<br />

monapovars warmoadgenen kacobriobisaTvis. isini Turme `pirveli<br />

evropelebi“ y<strong>of</strong>ilan.<br />

miuxedavad im problemebisa, romlebic sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg,<br />

am bolo 16 weliwadSi, am SesaniSnavma marTlmadidebelma qveyanam<br />

gadaitana, qarTvel mecnierebs erTi wuTiTac ar SeuCerebiaT TavianTi<br />

kvleva-Zieba da im saqmis erTgulni darCnen, romlisTvisac mowodebulni<br />

arian.<br />

Tavs valdebulad vTvliT, mogmarToT Tqven, Zvirfaso mecnierebo da<br />

oriode sityviT Sevexo marTlmadideblobisa da mecnierebis urTierTobas<br />

dRevandel pirobebSi. Zalian xSirad gvesmis ama Tu im wreSi, gansakuTrebiT<br />

ki dasavleTis mecnierTa wreebSi, arakeTili damokidebuleba<br />

eklesiis mimarT. TiTqos eklesia damabrkolebeli organo iyos, romelic<br />

kacobriobis ganviTarebas xels uSlis, TiTqosda adamianebi unda<br />

aRvematebodeT mas; imisaTvis rom Cvenc Tanamedrove adamianebad viqceT,<br />

Tanamedrove realobas unda avuwyoT fexi. amboben, TiTqos teqnologiis<br />

swrafma ganviTarebam religia gaauqma, rom saxareba adamianSi fanatizms<br />

badebso, rom dRevandeli kosmopoliti adamiani `unda idges<br />

religiaze, samSobloze, sazRvrebze maRla“.<br />

modiT, erTad davfiqrdeT imaze, ramdenad Seesabameba zemoT xsenebuli<br />

azri sinamdviles. marTla waSala eklesiis roli da mniSvneloba<br />

teqnologiurma progresma? am sakiTxs marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

ori Tanamedrove mamis swavlebaze dayrdnobiT ganvixilavT. erTi maTgani<br />

aris aw wmindanad Seracxili siluanos aToneli, romelmac 1938<br />

wels miiZina, xolo meore _ misi mowafe da amave dros misi biografi<br />

netari s<strong>of</strong>roniosi, romelmac 1993 wels miiZina.<br />

`adami samoTxeSi RmrTis siyvaruliT iyo Semosili. magram Secodebis<br />

Semdeg, RmrTis siyvaruls moklebuli mwared moTqvamda da godebda.<br />

mTel udabnos esmoda misi oxvra. mxecebi da frinvelebi sevdam Seipyro.<br />

adami ki TavSi xels icemda imis gamo, rom misi Secodebis gamo yvelas<br />

moaklda mSvidoba da siyvaruli~. am STagonebuli sityvebiT Rirsi siluanosi<br />

aRwers adamis mier samoTxis dakargvas, kacobriobis istoriisaTvis<br />

am umniSvnelovanes faqts.<br />

manamde adamians aranairi problema ar gaaCnda dedamiwaze, `samoTxeSi<br />

bednierad grZnobda Tavs. suli RmrTisa axarebda mas da Tavisufali iyo<br />

225

problemebs miuZRvnida da marto am sakiTxiT iqneboda dakavebuli, ue-<br />

Wvelad gauswrebda germanelebs, radgan y<strong>of</strong>iTi problemebis mogvareba<br />

gacilebiT ufro advilia~.<br />

wmindanis es sityvebi namdvilad winaswarmetyveluri aRmoCnda, radgan<br />

sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis pirobebSi, meore ms<strong>of</strong>lio omis Semdeg,<br />

ruseTi zesaxelmwifod iqca, radganac aTeizmis gabatonebis pirobebSi<br />

am qveynis liderebma TavianT programad teqnologiisa da mecnierebis<br />

ganviTareba daisaxes.<br />

maT arnaxul warmatebebs miaRwies am sferoSi. swored im programis<br />

farglebSi moxda saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis dafuZneba. igi<br />

1941 wels daarsda. sabWoTa kavSiris pirobebSi saqarTvelos akademias<br />

gaaCnda uamravi instituti, samecniero-kvleviTi centri, sakmaod mdidari<br />

biblioTeka da mniSvnelovani gamomcemlobac.<br />

yovelive zemoTqmuliT sulac ar vgmobT teqnologiisa da mecnierebis<br />

ganviTarebas. didi Secdoma iqneba, Tuki vinme ifiqrebs, rom marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesia ewinaaRmdegeba mecnierebas, magram valdebulni<br />

varT, rom yvelafers Tavisi adgili mivuCinoT da isic vaRiaroT, rom<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesia dakavebulia im mecnierebiT, romelic yvela<br />

sxva mecnierebaze maRla dgas, da amitomac mas mecnierebaTa mecnierebas<br />

da xelovnebis xelovnebasac uwodeben.<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis es damokidebuleba sruliadac ar niSnavs<br />

mecnierebis ugulebely<strong>of</strong>as. piriqiT, eklesia yovelTvis TanamSromlobda<br />

mecnierebTan, cdilobda daxmareba gaewia mecnierebis<br />

ganviTarebisaTvis da misi miRwevebic gamoeyenebina. eklesiisa da mecnierebis<br />

TanamSromlobis araCveulebrivi magaliTis dasaxeleba Tqvenive<br />

realobidan SeiZleba. amis araCveulebrivi magaliTia `sinis mTaze<br />

wm. ekaterines monasterSi 1975 w. aRmoCenil qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba“,<br />

romelic 2005 wels aTenSi gamoica. paleografiis SesaniSnavi<br />

specialistebi: SaniZe, aleqsiZe, qavTaria, xecuriani da mesxi<br />

mowmeni arian mecnierebisa da eklesiis mWidro TanamSromlobisa. eklesia<br />

aRiarebs, pativs scems da afasebs maT did Rvawls, vinaidan es<br />

monumenturi wigni maTi udidesi ZalisxmeviTa da Tavganwirvis fasad<br />

daiwera. am mecnierebma urTules pirobebSi imuSaves. maT ar hqondaT is<br />

pirobebi da SeRavaTebi, romlebic dasavleTis did mecnierebs gaaCniaT.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom maT normaluri saarsebo pirobebi ar gaaCndaT,<br />

mainc Tavdadebulad iSromes, raTa qarTveli xalxisTvis miewodebinaT<br />

uZvirfasesi masala maTi mravalsaukunovani istoriisa da maRali sulieri<br />

faseulobebis Sesaxeb.<br />

sulierebisa da mecnierebis harmoniuli Serwymis magaliTad SegviZlia<br />

davasaxeloT agreTve yirimis mTavarepiskoposi luka. misi wvlili<br />

samedicino dargSi aRiarebuli da dafasebuli aRmoCnda TviT aTeisturi<br />

saxelmwifos mier. wmida lukam, erTi mxriv, gamoiyena Tavisi mecnieruli<br />

niWi, xolo, meore mxriv, ganuwyveteli locvisa da adamianisad-<br />

226

mi usazRvro siyvarulis wyalobiT namdvili saswaulebi moaxdina. man<br />

warmoudgeneli qirurgiuli operaciebi gaakeTa. amitomac mas RmerTma<br />

gankurnebis madli misca da dResac, sikvdilis Semdeg, igi saswaulebs<br />

axdens.<br />

isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom arc mecniereba ewinaaRmdegeba Cveni eklesiis<br />

moZRvrebas, Cveni marTlmadidebeli dedaeklesiis rwmenas. mecnieruli<br />

kvleva ver SeZlebs wmida werilis gauqmebas.<br />

is winaaRmdegobebi, romelTa Sesaxebac xSirad saubroben or-<br />

Todoqsologi mecnierebi, fenomenaluria da samyaros Sesaxeb ukve<br />

ganvlil da nakleb codnas moicavs, romlebsac miviwyebul da naklul<br />

mtkicebulebebad miviCnevT.<br />

miuxedavad mecnierebis udidesi miRwevebisa, Cveni codna mainc umniSvneloa<br />

samyaros ganzomilebebTan SedarebiT. WeSmaritad didi<br />

da gulwrfeli mecnierebi, mravalwliani da dauRalavi kvlevis Semdeg,<br />

aRiareben sakuTar uZlurebas. adamians rom SeZleboda mTlianad<br />

ar STanTqmuliyo kvleva-ZiebaSi da sruly<strong>of</strong>ili da sferuli codna<br />

hqonoda saganTa da movlenaTa Sesaxeb, mixvdeboda, rom arsebiTad arc<br />

arsebobs winaaRmdegoba mecnierebasa da religias Soris, mecnierebasa<br />

da biblias Soris.<br />

amis magaliTad saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidentis,<br />

cnobili enaTmecnieris, baton Tamaz gamyreliZis gamokvlevebs davasaxelebdiT.<br />

misma Teoriam indoevropelebisa da indoevropuli enebis<br />

Sesaxeb, romelic rus mecnierTan, pr<strong>of</strong>esor viaCeslav ivanovTan<br />

TanamSromlobiT Camoayaliba, axali ganzomilebebi misca indoevropelTa<br />

warmomavlobis sakiTxs, romlisganac momdinareobs Tanamedrove<br />

evropel xalxTa umetesoba. cxadia, yvela sakiTxze ver gavamaxvilebT<br />

yuradRebas, magram aRvniSnavT, rom maT mier dadgenili sazRvrebi,<br />

kavkasiis samxreTiT da mesopotamiis CrdiloeTiT, savsebiT eTanxmeba<br />

bibliis genealogias, romlis Tanaxmadac iafeti, anu indoevropelTa<br />

mama, berZnuli miTologiis Tanaxmad _ iafetosi, noes Ze iyo, romelmac,<br />

rogorc cnobilia, kidobnis meSveobiT miaRwia kavkasiis samxre-<br />

TiT da mesopotamiidan CrdiloeTiT mdebare araratis mTas (dab. 8,4).<br />

am regionidan, sadac akurTxa RmerTma is da Zeni misni, `romelTac ganiyvnes<br />

Walakni warmarTTani qveyanasa maTsa, TiToeul, enad-enad tomTa<br />

Sina maTTa da naTesavTa Sina maTTa“. (dab. 10,5), anu jer kidev ar iyo<br />

dawyebuli enebis day<strong>of</strong>a.<br />

eklesias miznad ara aqvs dasaxuli adamianebs aswavlos, rogor<br />

Seicnon gonebisa da logikis meSveobiT samyaro, misi Seqmna da ganvi-<br />

Tareba, ise rogorc amas mecniereba cdilobs. amitomac, ar aris dakavebuli<br />

mecnieruli problemebiT, arc mecnieruli kvlevis Sedegebs<br />

aqcevs dogmebad da arc mecnieruli kvlevis Sedegebis eSinia. eklesias<br />

ar aviwydeba, rom es Sedegebi mis sferos ar warmoadgens. eklesiam ramdenjerac<br />

daiviwya Tavisi funqcia, rogorc es araerTgzis momxdara<br />

227

dasavleTis eklesiaSi, da Seecada, Careuliyo mecnierul problemebSi,<br />

seriozul winaaRmdegobebs waawyda da istoriuli Secdomebic Caidina.<br />

amis magaliTi inkviziciaa.<br />

Tuki, magaliTad, romelime samecniero dargs aviRebT, davuSvaT _<br />

enaTmecnierebas, davinaxavT, rom igi Sedarebis meTodis gamoyenebiT<br />

Tavdapirveli enis aRdgenas cdilobs da midis indoevropul enebTan,<br />

an enasTan, romelzec pirveli indoevropelebi saubrobdnen. eklesiis<br />

saqme ar aris pirveladi enis aRdgena, aramed adamianis modgmis gaTi-<br />

Suloba, vinaidan ampartavnobiT gamowveulma gaTiSulobam moitana kidevac<br />

enebis day<strong>of</strong>a. misi aRdgena moxda sulTm<strong>of</strong>enobisas, suliwmidis<br />

gardamosvlis Sedegad, rogorc amas dResaswaulis kondaki gvauwyebs.<br />

msgavsi gziT mecniereba dRes adamianisagan bevri ucxo enis codnas<br />

moiTxovs, raTa Seiswavlos ama Tu im eris miRwevebi da am gziT aiTvisos<br />

uzarmazari bibliografia. magram RmerTi, pavle mociqulis piriT,<br />

adamianisagan mxolod erTi enis codnas moiTxovs, am enas siyvaruli<br />

hqvia. `kacTa da angelozTa enebzec rom vmetyvelebde, siyuaruli Tu<br />

ara maqvs, mxolod rvali var moJRriale, mxolod wkriala winwili“ (I<br />

kor. 13,1). asketi mamebi gveubnebian: `momaval saukuneTa ena dumilia“.<br />

rogorc vxedavT, eklesia ufro martivad azrovnebs, magram ufro did<br />

siRrmeebs swvdeba.<br />

imaves gulisxmobda aToneli beri mama paisi, rodesac am aTiode<br />

wlis win erT gamoCenil amerikel mecniers mimarTa kiTxviT: `ras miaRwieT<br />

Tqven?“ mecnierma upasuxa: `mTvareze avediT, kosmosSi gavediT“.<br />

`ra dagijdaT?“ – hkiTxa kvlav paisim. `uTvalavi raodenobis fuli,<br />

milionobiT dolari“ – iyo amerikelis pasuxi. paisim ki dialogi ase<br />

daamTavra: `Cven, marTlmadideblebi, mxolod gamxmari puris natexiT<br />

RmerTTan avdivarT“. da ase aswavla amerikel mecniers adamianis WeSmariti<br />

daniSnuleba. amitom yovelTvis unda ganvasxvaoT mecnierebisa da<br />

religiis roli da daniSnuleba.<br />

marTlmadidebeli tradiciis Tanaxmad, RmerTis sruly<strong>of</strong>ili codna<br />

azrovnebiT ar miiRweva. wmida siluanem ucdomeli kriteriumi dagvitova<br />

gamosacnobad WeSmaritad sulieri adamianisa, WeSmariti mecnierisa,<br />

romelmac sruly<strong>of</strong>il codnas miaRwia. igi wers: `raoden brZenic unda<br />

iyos adamiani, rogori mecnieric unda iyos igi, rogori mSvenieric<br />

unda iyos, Tuki mas Tavisi mteri ar uyvars an nebismieri adamiani, mas<br />

RmerTi ver Seucvnia. da piriqiT, Tundac ubralo, Raribi, uvici iyos<br />

adamiani, magram gulSi siyvaruli aqvs, `igi RmerTSia, da masSi aris<br />

RmerTi“. is, visac aseTi siyvaruli SeuZlia, igi maradiuli cxovrebis<br />

Tanaziaria, da amis dasturi mis gulSi arsebobs. igi suliwmidis Wur-<br />

Welsa da sadgoms warmoadgens da suliwmidis meoxebiT Seicnobs mamasa<br />

da Zes. yoveldRiuri cxovrebis wesiT xdeba Zma da megobari qristesi.<br />

mecniereba da filos<strong>of</strong>ia, mama s<strong>of</strong>roniosis Tanaxmad, Tavis Tavs<br />

aseT SekiTxvas usvams: `ra aris WeSmariteba?~ namdvili qristianuli<br />

228

sindisi ki WeSmaritebisken imzireba da misi SekiTxva aseTia: `vin aris<br />

WeSmariteba?“ mecnierebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic brals sdeben eklesias<br />

imaSi, rom igi damabrkolebelia, qristianebs niadaggamoclil<br />

meocnebeebad miiCneven, xolo TavianTi Tavi myar safuZvelze mdgomi<br />

hgoniaT. imas ki ver xvdebian, rom absoluturi WeSmariteba mxolod<br />

erTaderTia: `vin“ da araviTar SemTxvevaSi `ra“, radgan WeSmariteba<br />

ar aris Teoriuli saxis, arc abstraqtuli idea, aramed cxovrebaa. aki<br />

gviTxra uzenaesma: `me var WeSmariteba da cxovreba“. qristianoba arc<br />

`filos<strong>of</strong>osoba da arc moZRvreba ar aris, igi cxovrebis wesia. logikiT<br />

moxibluli kacobrioba dabanguli cxovrobs – ambobs siluane. ara<br />

mxolod teqnikuri mecnierebi da filos<strong>of</strong>osebi usvamen TavianT Tavs<br />

SekiTxvas: `ra aris WeSmariteba?“, aramed TviT religiurad mcxovreb<br />

adamianebSic SeimCneva msgavsi cduneba: ase magaliTad, rodesac religiurad<br />

moazrovne goneba cdilobs, gaigos WeSmariteba RvTisa da misi<br />

Zalis Sesaxeb, imave Secdomas uSvebs, rasac mecniereba Tavisi mizezSedegobrivi<br />

dasabamiT, da filos<strong>of</strong>ia Tavisi racionalizmiT, anu mcdelobiT,<br />

WeSmaritebas Caswvdes kiTxviT: `ra“. WeSmariteba ki logikis meSveobiT<br />

ar Seicnoba. RmerTi, romelic aris `vin“, mxolod y<strong>of</strong>ierebaSi<br />

Seicnoba anu _ suliwmidiseuli gamocxadebiT.<br />

namdvili codna sabolood romelime saganze dakvirvebis Sedegs ar<br />

warmoadgens. igi cocxal RmerTTan `pirispir“ urTierTobis Sedegia.<br />

RmerTis marTlmadidebluri gaazreba sikeTis, siyvarulisa da sxva<br />

grZnobaTa abstraqtuli Teoria ar aris. avTentikuri sulieri cxovreba<br />

fantaziisagan gansxvavebulia da RmerTis sulSi damkvidrebiT xdeba,<br />

_ rodesac sulma aRiqva `igi“ da ganicada ontologiurad, rom mas<br />

uyvars, aris keTili, didebuli, maradiuli.<br />

kidev erTxel did madlobas mogaxsenebT yvelas moniWebuli pativisaTvis,<br />

romelic aris dasturi Tqveni siyvarulisa; Tqveni qveynis sulieri<br />

adamianebi gamsWvalulni arian marTlmadidebluri azrovnebiT<br />

da mWidro kavSiri aqvT qristianul marTlmadideblur moZRvrebasTan.<br />

sarwmunoebas Rrmad aqvs fesvebi gamdgari qarTveli xalxis y<strong>of</strong>aSi.<br />

mTeli guliT gisurvebT, rom RmerTma dalocos saqmeni Tqvenni,<br />

xolo Tqvenma xelisuflebam yoveli Rone ixmaros am saqmianobis xelSesawyobad,<br />

vinaidan kargad organizebuli da ganviTarebuli mecnierebaTa<br />

akademia xels Seuwyobs mTeli qveynis winsvlasa da ganviTarebas. eklesia,<br />

Tavisi gamorCeuli meTauris, Cveni sayvareli Zmis, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, meufe ilias meSveobiT, romelsac Tqven<br />

ase Zalian uyvarxarT da romelic esoden uwyobs xels Tqvens saqmianobas,<br />

gansakuTrebiT ki saeklesio xelovnebis dargSi, mwams, rom mudam Tqven<br />

gverdiT iqneba da ilocebs Tqveni Sromis winsvlisa da dafasebisaTvis.<br />

madli da wyaloba uflisa Cvenisa iyos Tqven yovelTa Tana. amin!<br />

229

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II sityva,<br />

warmoTqmuli sarkeebian darbazSi<br />

Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqo,<br />

Tqveno aRmatebulebav, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademiis prezidento,<br />

batono akademikosebo,<br />

qalbatonebo da batonebo,<br />

dRevandeli dRe kidev erTxel mowmobs imas, Tu ramdenad axlosaa<br />

erTmaneTTan mecniereba da rwmena. me maxsendeba erTi SemTxveva _ sabWoTa<br />

kavSiris meTauri ekiTxeba akademikos pavlovs: `nuTu Tqven, ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi<br />

aRiarebuli mecnieri, morwmune brZandebiT?~. akademikosi pavlovi pasuxobs:<br />

`roca Cven vswavlobT adamianis sisxls, morwmune ki ara, SeiZleba<br />

wmindani gaxde~; ai, amdenad amtkicebs es RvTis arsebobas. . .<br />

kargad mogexsenebaT, rom es sakiTxi _ codnisa da rwmenis urTier-<br />

Tobisa _ uZvelesi sakiTxia da jer kidev I_II saukuneebSi ganixileboda.<br />

am sakiTxs gansakuTrebiT vrclad Seexo klimenti aleqsandrieli. is<br />

ambobs, rom pirveladi aris rwmena da rwmenaze dafuZnebulia codna.<br />

ufali Cveni ieso qriste brZanebs: `iyaviT sruly<strong>of</strong>ilni, viTarca<br />

mamaTqveni zecieri sruly<strong>of</strong>il ars~. es kidev erTxel mowmobs imas, rom<br />

ar SeiZleba adamianis ganviTareba, iqneba es sulieri Tu mecnieruli<br />

sruly<strong>of</strong>a, Sewydes raRac garkveul etapze, es dausrulebeli procesia;<br />

es kidev erTxel mowmobs imas, rom kacobriobam gansakuTrebuli yurad-<br />

Reba unda miaqcios orive faqtors – rwmenasa da codnas. is liberalizmi,<br />

romelic evropaSi warmoiSva, ganviTarda da aman Sedegad migviyvana<br />

aTeizmamde. magram adamianSi aRmoCnda imdeni sulieri Zala, rom igi<br />

gamovida am burusidan da realurad Sexeda movlenebs...<br />

urwmuno adamianis xelSi mecniereba, mogexsenebaT, saSiSia da is vi-<br />

Tareba, romelic am bolo saukuneebis manZilze Seiqmna, aixsneba imiT,<br />

rom kacobriobam mecnierebas ufro meti yuradReba miaqcia, vidre sulierebas.<br />

suliereba da mecniereba Tu ar ganviTarda paralelurad, es<br />

ukanaskneli SeiZleba saSiSic gaxdes. ai, amitom, saWiroa es ori faqtori<br />

harmoniulad ganviTardes.<br />

me maxsendeba erT-erTi Cemi pr<strong>of</strong>esoris leqcia; is ambobda, rom iyo<br />

ori astronomi, cnobili pirovnebebi... erTi maTgani amtkicebda, rom<br />

RmerTi arsebobs, meore ambobda: `mTeli sicocxle vuyureb cas, vswavlob<br />

planetebs, varskvlavebs da me iq arasdros minaxavs RmerTi~; da im<br />

pirvelma upasuxa: `Sen dagaviwyda erTi ram: Sen unda Caixedo Sens gulSi<br />

da iq dainaxav RmerTs~. ai, aseTi adamiani marTlac matarebelia suli<br />

230

wmidisa. saerTod unda iTqvas, rom adamianis sulieri samyaro arasdros<br />

carieli ar rCeba; is aris taZari an sulisa wmidisa, an boroti<br />

sulisa.<br />

wmida mama ambobs: `he, ufalo, momaniWe me gancdaÁ TvisTa codvaTa da<br />

ara gankiTxva Zmisa Cemisa~. ai, es sulieri ganwmenda aucilebelia, rom<br />

adamianma dainaxos RmerTi da ufali Sevides adamianis gulSi.<br />

me minda vTqva, rom saqarTvelo yovelTvis gamoirCeoda imiT, rom<br />

mecniereba da rwmena mudam erTad viTardeboda; mogexsenebaT, rom yoveli<br />

monasteri iyo ara marto sulierebis centri, aramed didi mecnieruli<br />

centric da Cven gvinda, rom Cveni es tradicia gagrZeldes.<br />

me minda visargeblo am SemTxveviT da vTxovo mis yovladuwmidesobas<br />

erTi ram: XIX saukunis bolos aTonis mTaze cxovrobda berZeni beri,<br />

romelsac erqva kirilos lavrioTisi. es beri Zalian bevrs muSaobda<br />

saRvTo werilze da gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevda ioane RvTismetyvelis<br />

apokalifss; mas aqvs Zalian saintereso gamokvlevebi da sulieri<br />

xedva; gamokvlevis erT-erT adgilas is ambobs, rom filadelfiis<br />

eklesiaSi igulisxmeba swored saqarTvelos eklesia da saqarTvelo. es<br />

xdeba im dros, roca saqarTvelo kargavs Tavis politikur damoukide-<br />

blobas, xolo saqarTvelos eklesia kargavs avtokefalias. kirilos<br />

lavrioTisis Sesaxeb waikiTxa leqcia Cvens universitetSi erT-erTma<br />

berZenma pr<strong>of</strong>esorma. Cveni xalxi metad dainteresebulia am mecnieri<br />

beris moRvaweobiT. CvenTvis cnobilia, rom nawili am Sromisa aris<br />

aTonis mTaze, xolo meore nawili _ aTenis mecnierebaTa akademiaSi.<br />

kargi iqneboda, am gamokvlevis asli Cvenc gvqonoda; es CvenTvis metad<br />

saintereso iqneboda da gvinda Tqveni locva-kurTxeva amis Taobaze.<br />

dasasrul, Cveni eklesiisa da Cveni mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

saxeliT, Cveni akademikosebis saxeliT, minda mivuloco mis yovladuwmidesobas<br />

es maRali wodeba; me minda vTqva, rom misma yovladuwmidesobam<br />

miiRo es jildo ara marto imisaTvis, rom es didi pativia da<br />

es pativi ekuTvnis piradad mas rogorc ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqs, aramed es<br />

man daimsaxura rogorc mkvlevarma misi gamorCeuli Sromebisa gamo;<br />

mogexsenebaT, misi yovladuwmidesoba brZandeba didi Teologi da didi<br />

mecnieri.<br />

kidev erTxel gilocavT, Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav, am maRal<br />

wodebas.<br />

231

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia<br />

_ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs<br />

didi iubile<br />

Tamaz gamyreliZe<br />

milocvebi<br />

zurab wereTeli<br />

fridon Todua<br />

ana kalandaZe<br />

merab berZeniSvili<br />

anzor erqomaiSvili<br />

Rvawli patriarqisa<br />

Tamaz gamyreliZe<br />

roin metreveli<br />

guram TevzaZe<br />

zaza aleqsiZe<br />

SoTa nadiraSvili<br />

mariam lorTqifaniZe<br />

mama giorgi zviadaZe<br />

joni xecuriani<br />

gvanca koplataZe<br />

jaba samuSia<br />

damana meliqiSvili<br />

serqo vardosaniZe<br />

sergo vardosaniZe<br />

goGa guguSvili<br />

Tamila mgalobliSvili<br />

qronika<br />

romis papi da saqarTvelos patriarqi<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis viziti<br />

Semdgeneli _ akad. roin metreveli<br />

redaqtorebi _ nodar gioSvili, margo inasariZe<br />

mxatvar-dizaineri _ dea jabua<br />

kompiuteruli uzrunvely<strong>of</strong>a _ giorgi bagrationi,<br />

nana qvaGaxia<br />

ISBN 978-9941-9018-0-5<br />

saarqivo foto masalis mowodebisaTvis madlobas movaxsenebT<br />

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivs<br />

232

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