qarTuli Teatraluri terminologia
qarTuli Teatraluri terminologia qarTuli Teatraluri terminologia
ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo universiteti ivlita lobjaniZe qarTuli Teatraluri terminologia 10.02.01 _ qarTuli ena filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili disertacia xelmZRvaneli: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori Tbilisi 2008 prof. m. suxiSvili
- Page 2 and 3: Sinaarsi naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeb
- Page 4 and 5: SevecadeT Teatraluri terminologia w
- Page 6 and 7: sistemaSi isini sxva denotats ukavS
- Page 8 and 9: subieqturi damokidebuleba ama Tu im
- Page 10 and 11: morkinalTaTvis, mun tanjvidian wmid
- Page 12 and 13: Teatri, xelovnebis sxva dargebis ms
- Page 14 and 15: Tavi I qarTuli Teatralur-sanaxaobiT
- Page 16 and 17: uZveles Teatralur sanaxaobebs mieku
- Page 18 and 19: dResaswaulia. `igi Seicavs rogorc w
- Page 20 and 21: `korneli, sinna traRedia ese iTargm
- Page 22 and 23: gziT Semovida da damkvidrda mravali
- Page 24 and 25: TamaSobidgan igini gadavidnen namdv
- Page 26 and 27: manuCar da misi colisda TinaTin, si
- Page 28 and 29: II scena: mizanscena icvleba _ maxa
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- Page 32 and 33: ertold brextis `kavkasiur carcis wr
- Page 34 and 35: eseviTarTa mravalTa sakvirvelebaTa
- Page 36 and 37: periodis teqstebSi, Jurnal-gazeTebi
- Page 38 and 39: SesaZlebelia, Zvel qarTulSi Zna/Zno
- Page 40 and 41: “abik «ложка» ~ чечен
- Page 42 and 43: Tavi III Teatraluri terminologiis s
- Page 44 and 45: literaturis terminologia kinoxelovn
- Page 46 and 47: efeqti, eqspozicia, eqscentriada, e
- Page 48 and 49: 9. mayurebelis Tematuri jgufi: aplo
- Page 50 and 51: SesaZlebelia, saqarTvelos teritoria
ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />
ivlita lobjaniZe<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> <strong>terminologia</strong><br />
10.02.01 _ <strong>qarTuli</strong> ena<br />
filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris akademiuri<br />
xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili disertacia<br />
xelmZRvaneli: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori<br />
Tbilisi<br />
2008<br />
prof. m. suxiSvili
Sinaarsi<br />
naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba .................................................................................................................................... 1<br />
Sesavali ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3<br />
Tavi I<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi kulturis sawyisebi<br />
da misi ganviTarebis istoria ............................................................................................................................... 12<br />
Tavi II<br />
qarTul Teatralur terminTa Seswavlis istoriisaTvis ....................................................... 31<br />
Tavi III<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminologiis semantikuri veli da Tematuri jgufebi ....................... 40<br />
Tavi IV<br />
Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi terminebi Zvelsa da saSual qarTulSi<br />
§1. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> nagebobis aRmniSvneli termin `Teatris~<br />
sinonimebi Zvel qarTulSi ....................................................................................................................................... 47<br />
§2. termini `msaxiobi~ da misi erT-erTi sinonimi Zvel qarTulSi .................................. 55<br />
§3 sqesis gramatikuli kategoriis gamoxatva<br />
Zvel qarTul Teatralur terminebSi ............................................................................................................ 62<br />
§4. `saxioba~ - `saxismetyvelebis~ semantikuri mimarTebisaTvis ......................................... 67<br />
§5. `mRera~ - `TamaSobis~ semantikuri mimarTebisaTvis ................................................................ 76<br />
§6. godebis saxioba _ tragedia ............................................................................................................................. 87<br />
§7. terminis `zrunis~ Sesaxeb .................................................................................................................................. 94<br />
§8. erTi miviwyebuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminis (qsovilis) Sesaxeb ...................................... 102<br />
§9. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini `dasi~ ............................................................................................................................ 108<br />
Tavi V<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> termin-derivatebi qarTulSi ............................................................................................. 115<br />
$1. Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi .............................................................................................. 117<br />
$2. ucxouri warmoSobis terminebi .................................................................................................................. 120<br />
$3. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> derivaciuli terminebi prefiqsuli, sufiqsuri da<br />
konfiqsuri warmoebis mixedviT .......................................................................................................................... 123<br />
daskvna ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 138<br />
damowmebuli literatura ......................................................................................................................................... 151<br />
wyaroebi ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 154<br />
Semoklebani .............................................................................................................................................................................. 156
naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba<br />
Temis aqtualuroba. <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris xangrZlivi istoria da misi<br />
funqcia qarTveli xalxis sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, iseve rogorc misi<br />
dRevandeli warmatebebi, TavisTavad wamoswevs <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
terminologiis specialurad Seswavlis sakiTxs, jerjerobiT ki<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> <strong>terminologia</strong> monografiulad Seswavlili ar<br />
aris.<br />
Tanamedrove <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi asaxavs <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
Teatris warsulsac da dRevandelobasac, arsebuls saTanadod aRwera,<br />
lingvisturi analizi da sistemaSi moyvana esaWiroeba, xolo axlad<br />
warmoqmnil cnebebs _ zusti saxeldeba. vfiqrobT, <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
terminologiis kvleva xels Seuwyobs sruli <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
leqsikonis Sedgenis saqmes.<br />
kvlevis mizani. sadisertacio naSromis mizania qarTul enaSi<br />
arsebuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebis Tavmoyra da leqsikonebSi Setanil<br />
Teatralur terminTa analizi.<br />
naSromSi gaanalizebulia Zvel qarTul originalur Tu naTargmn<br />
ZeglebSi damowmebuli masala, aseve sxvadasxva leqsikografis SromebSi<br />
dadasturebuli terminebi. masalas, bunebrivia, sisrulis pretenzia ara<br />
aqvs. SeZlebisdagvarad Sejerebulia sakvlevi sakiTxis irgvliv<br />
samecniero literaturaSi arsebuli mosazrebebi, rig SemTxvevaSi<br />
warmovadgineT sakuTari Tvalsazrisi terminTa genezisis, maTi<br />
formobrivi da semantikuri struqturis, semantikuri analizisa da<br />
terminTa sityvawarmoebiTi modelebis Sesaxeb.<br />
mecnieruli siaxle. sadisertacio naSromi warmoadgens pirvel<br />
cdas, monografiulad ganixilos Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si arsebuli<br />
sakiTxebi. ZiriTadi da farTod saxmari terminebis garda, yuradReba<br />
gavamaxvileT naklebad cnobil da TiTqmis miviwyebul terminebzedac.<br />
warmovadgineT maTi rogorc gramatikuli, aseve semantikuri analizi.<br />
1
SevecadeT <strong>Teatraluri</strong> <strong>terminologia</strong> warmogvedgina garkveuli sistemis<br />
saxiT.<br />
kvlevis meTodebi. naSromSi, romelic ZiriTadad aRweriTi da<br />
SepirispirebiTi xasiaTisaa, gamoyenebulia rogorc sinqroniuli, ise<br />
diaqroniuli kvlevis meTodebi.<br />
naSromis Teoriuli da praqtikuli mniSvneloba. naSromSi<br />
ganxiluli sakiTxebi, kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli daskvnebi da<br />
gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi garkveul wvlils Seitans zogadad<br />
terminologiis, rogorc leqsikologiis erT-erTi dargis Seswavlis<br />
saqmeSi. naSromi daxmarebas gauwevs <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminologiiT<br />
dainteresebul mkvlevrebs: enaTmecnierebs, xelovnebaTmcodneebs,<br />
istorikosebs, kulturologebs.<br />
naSromi saintereso iqneba praqtikuli TvalsazrisiTac: igi<br />
gamoadgebaT leqsikonebze momuSave pirebs. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminologiis<br />
kvleva SeZlebisdagvarad xels Seuwyobs sruli <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
leqsikonis Sedgenis saqmes.<br />
naSromis aprobacia. naSromi Sesrulda ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis modulis xaziT. aqve Sedga disertaciis<br />
ganxilva da aprobacia. naSromis ZiriTadi debulebebi dabeWdilia<br />
calkeuli statiebisa da moxsenebebis saxiT, romlebic warmodgenili iyo<br />
sxvadasxva samecniero konferenciebsa da sesiebze 2002-2006 wlebSi.<br />
naSromis moculoba da struqtura. naSromi Seicavs kompiuterze<br />
awyobil 156 gverds. igi Sedgeba Sesavlis, xuTi Tavisa da daskvnisagan.<br />
naSroms darTuli aqvs gamoyenebuli literaturis sia.<br />
disertacias danarTis saxiT Tan erTvis `Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi<br />
xelovnebis mcire leqsikoni~ (48 gv.).<br />
2
Sesavali<br />
ama Tu im dargis terminologiis kvleva ZiriTadad ramdenime<br />
aspeqtiT aris mniSvnelovani: a) xalxis kulturisa da istoriis<br />
Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT, b) konkretuli dargis Camoyalibebisa da<br />
ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT da g) lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT _ dargis<br />
`terminologiuri velis~, rogorc semasiologiuri sistemis,<br />
problematikis TvalsazrisiT (terminTa genezisi, maTi struqtura da<br />
semantikuri analizi, terminTa sityvawarmoebiTi modelebi da a.S.). yvela<br />
am sakiTxs, bunebrivia, gulisxmobs <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminologiis<br />
kvlevac.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, terminebi warmoadgenen `codnis an moRvaweobis<br />
specialuri dargebis tipobriv cnebaTa aRmniSvnel leqsikur erTeulebs~<br />
(gamyreliZe da sxv. 2003, 394).<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong> gaiazreba, rogorc specialuri daniSnulebis ena,<br />
profesiuli (dargobrivi) enis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawili,<br />
romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia sistematizacia _ Segnebuli<br />
mowesrigebuloba, standartizacia.<br />
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> terminologiuri leqsikis Seqmnis ZiriTad wyaros,<br />
upirveles yovlisa, TviT <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikuri masala warmoadgens.<br />
Tanamedrove <strong>terminologia</strong> mzamzareulad iRebs da iyenebs <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis<br />
mravalsaukunovani istoriis procesSi Seqmnil sityvebs da maT<br />
specialuri dargis kuTvnilebad aqcevs~ (RambaSiZe 1986, 111).<br />
terminologiuri leqsika Tavisi SemadgenlobiT mravalferovania.<br />
`sakuTriv terminebis garda, masSi uxvadaa araterminologiuri masala,<br />
saliteraturo enis leqsika. terminTa `migraciis~ SemTxvevebi yvela enis<br />
masalaSi uxvad moiZebneba.<br />
saerTo enis wiaRidan aRebul sityvebs terminebis rolSi<br />
xmarebisas sxva sfero da, Sesabamisad, funqciac gansxvavebuli aqvs.<br />
saliteraturo enis leqsikaSi am sityvebs erTi mniSvneloba aqvT da erT<br />
romelime konkretul realiaze miuTiTeben, xolo terminologiur<br />
3
sistemaSi isini sxva denotats ukavSirdebian da sruliad sxva<br />
mniSvnelobas iZenen~ (RambaSiZe 1986, 111-112).<br />
idealuri terminisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia monosemiuroba,<br />
araomonimuroba, arasinonimuroba, emociur-eqspresiuli neitraluroba,<br />
simokle.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> <strong>terminologia</strong> warmoadgens <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
terminologiuri sistemis nawils. bunebrivia, qarTul Teatralur<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong>s aqvs is niSan-Tvisebebi, romlebic zogadad<br />
terminologiisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.<br />
yuradReba gamaxvilebulia Teatralur terminTa erT arsebiT niSan-<br />
Tvisebaze, romelic specifikurad gvesaxeba. Cveni azriT, samecniero<br />
terminologiisagan gansxvavebiT, xelovnebis zogierT terminze gadaWriT<br />
ver vityviT, rom igi emociur-eqspresiulad neitraluria. am sakiTxs<br />
saxviTi xelovnebis terminologiis kvlevisas Seexo ilia WrelaSvili,<br />
romelmac eWvqveS daayena saxviT xelovnebaSi terminTa emociur-<br />
eqspresiuli neitraluroba.<br />
`vfiqrobT, mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargebisagan gansxvavebiT,<br />
xelovnebis terminologiis nawili Znelad emorCileba simkacres da<br />
konkretulobas. am SemTxvevaSi terminebi ar warmoadgenen `mkvdar<br />
saxeebs~ da ar SeiZleba laparaki maT srul stilur neitralurobaze~...<br />
amasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba aseTi kiTxvac daisvas: mecniereba da<br />
xelovneba Tavisi arsiT, bunebiT, obieqtiT principulad xom ar<br />
gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan: pirvelisTvis damaxasiaTebelia azrovneba<br />
cnebebSi, meorisTvis _ saxeebSi~ (WrelaSvili 1999, 4-5).<br />
Sinarsobrivad erTmaneTisagan mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba<br />
mecnieruli da mxatvruli Semoqmedeba. mecnieruli Semoqmedeba<br />
dakavSirebulia mecnierul cnebasTan (WeSmaritebasTan), xolo mxatvruli<br />
Semoqmedeba _ mxatvruli saxis kategoriasTan. mecnieruli Semoqmedeba im<br />
niSniT gansxvavdeba mxatvruli Semoqmedebisagan, rom mecnierebaSi<br />
Seqmnili niSnavs arsebulis mxolod realur asaxvas. `mecnierebis<br />
4
Semoqmedebis produqti – WeSmariteba cnobierebaSi _ sinamdvilis swori<br />
asaxvaa cnebebiT da masSi subieqturi momentis Setana dauSvebelia.<br />
mxatvruli saxis, esTetikuri Rirebulebis mqone miRwevis, rogorc<br />
subieqtis mier Seqmnilis, Tavisebureba imiTaa gamorCeuli, rom is<br />
warmoadgens swored iseT axal produqts individis cnobierebis<br />
moRvaweobisa, romelSic yvelaferi Seqmnili siaxliT ganizomeba. is<br />
subieqturia (idealuria), jer erTi, rogorc individualuri cnobierebis<br />
produqti; meorec subieqturia, rogorc cnobierebis axali Sinaarsi<br />
(kakabaZe 1993, 235-236). aqve avtori miuTiTebs: `mxatvruli Semoqmedeba<br />
amave dros obieqturia Tavisi mniSvnelobiT, rogorc zogadsakaciobrio<br />
Rirebulebis matarebeli, is xom gasagnebuli, obieqtivirebuli<br />
mSvenierebaa~.<br />
radgan xelovneba da mecniereba Tavisi arsiT gansxvavebulia,<br />
Sesabamisad xelovnebis terminebic garkveul niSan-TvisebaTa gamo<br />
mecnierebis terminebisagan gansxvavdeba, yvelaze metad ki es niSan-<br />
Tviseba xelovnebis terminebis emociuroba-eqspresiulobas exeba, radgan<br />
xelovnebaSi SemoqmedebiTi procesi uSualod ukavSirdeba gancdebs.<br />
Cveni azriT, Tu vimsjelebT xelovnebis terminTa emociur-<br />
eqspresiulobaze, xelovnebis dargebs Soris Teatralur xelovnebaSi<br />
yvelaze metad TvalSisacemia emociur-eqspresiuloba, rasac saTeatro<br />
xelovnebis arsi ganapirobebs: <strong>Teatraluri</strong> xelovneba _ esaa gardasaxvis,<br />
sxvad qcevis xelovneba, ara mxolod obieqturi realobis, aramed<br />
subieqturis asaxvac. aqedan gamomdinare, xelovnebis am dargSi wina<br />
planze iwevs gancdismieri, grZnobismieri momenti. amas isic emateba, rom<br />
xelovnebis sxva dargebisagan gansxvavebiT, Teatralur xelovnebaSi<br />
CarTulia adamianis xuTive grZnoba, garda amisa, is ipyrobs sxeuls,<br />
azrs, gonebas, nebas, grZnobas, mexsierebasa da warmosaxvas.<br />
SemoqmedebiTi procesis dros mTeli sulieri da fizikuri buneba<br />
mimarTulia imisken, rac gmiris Sinagan samyaroSi xdeba. aqedan<br />
gamomdinare, warmoudgenelic ki aris <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi<br />
emociurobisa da eqspresiulobisagan daclili iyos. `individualuri<br />
5
subieqturi damokidebuleba ama Tu im movlenis da misi saxelis mimarT,<br />
rac enobrivi koleqtivis calkeul wevrebSi gvxvdeba xolme, warmoadgens<br />
wyaros (rogorc SesaZleblobas) enobrivi xasiaTis grZnobiTi ieris<br />
arsebobisaTvis~ (foCxua 1974, 178).<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi emociur-eqspresiuli TvalsazrisiT, pirobiTad<br />
or nawilad SeiZleba davyoT: pirvel jgufSi gaerTiandeba is terminebi,<br />
romlebis emociur-eqspresiul neitralurobazec SegviZlia saubari. mag.:<br />
1. anonsi, anturaJi, aqsesuari, butaforia, grimi, grimasa, grimireba,<br />
dadgma, dasi, dekoracia, dekoratori, diriJori, epizodi, Teatri,<br />
konstruqcia, mizanscena, personaJi, piesa, rekviziti, repeticia,<br />
reJisori, sadekoracio sawyobi, speqtakli, scena, warmodgena,<br />
teqsti, CanarTi da a. S.<br />
2. meore jgufSi Sedis emociur-eqspresiulad araneitraluri<br />
terminebi: mag.: akompanementi, aplodismenti, aJuruli dekoracia,<br />
bal-maskaradi, bis, bravo, bravisimo, gaxmovaneba, dialogi,<br />
disonansi, drama, variacia, interpretacia, karnavali, kolizia,<br />
komedia, monologi, moqmedeba, moqmedi piri, moZraoba, msaxiobi,<br />
plastika, remarka, replika, simRera, tragedia, qveteqsti, cekva, xma<br />
da sxv.<br />
am jgufs daemateba Zvelsa da saSual qarTulSi dadasturebuli<br />
terminebi: berikaoba, buqna, gancxroma, gogmani (sandomiani Cqari rokva,<br />
_ sulxan-saba), godeba (tragedia), davla, davluri, diTirambi, zuelva,<br />
mebaxte (ucxoebT mrokavni _ sulxan-saba), menoage (Teat.) _ sasaxlis<br />
gasarTobi `saxiobis~ msmenel-mayurebeli (Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> termini),<br />
mrguali, mRera, mWvreteli, samaia, saxioba, yeenoba, SuSpari da a. S.<br />
Teatralur terminebs saukuneebis winaT, Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi<br />
xelovnebis CasaxvasTan erTad, Caeyara safuZveli. ama Tu im sanaxaobas,<br />
6
dResaswauls, ritualsa da warmodgenas, maTSi gamoyenebul garkveul<br />
rekvizitebs xalxma Sesabamisi cnebis aRmniSvneli saxelebi daarqva.<br />
«Театральная терминология по функциональным признакам стоит ближе всего<br />
к языку научно-популярных произведений, который, как известно, действительно<br />
быстро становится достоянием литературного языка. В «момент» своего появления<br />
научный термин является еще принадлежностью языка науки, и только спустя какое-<br />
то время выясняется, войдет ли этот термин в литературный язык или останется за его<br />
пределами» («Этим. исслед. по русс. языку. 1981, 99).<br />
droTa ganmavlobaSi <strong>Teatraluri</strong> <strong>terminologia</strong> ivseboda axali<br />
cnebebiTa da terminebiT. zogjer esa Tu is termini qreboda da sxva<br />
terminis Seqmnas exsneboda gza.<br />
qarTul Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si terminebis Camoyalibeba-<br />
damagrebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia yvela is saSualeba, romlebic sxva<br />
dargis terminTa sistemisTvisaa cnobili, mag.: terminTwarmoeba,<br />
kompozicia, terminTa sesxeba (gansakuTrebiT ki sesxebis erT-erTi saxe<br />
kalki, romelic farTod aris gavrcelebuli Zvel qarTul Teatralur<br />
terminebTan).<br />
qarTulma Teatralur-sanaxaobiTma xelovnebam sakuTari<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong> Seqmna rogorc Zveli leqsikuri fondis safuZvelze, aseve<br />
ucxouri masalis gamoyenebiT. sxvadasxva enidan Semovida da damkvidrda<br />
nasesxebi terminebi, romelTa Sesatyvisic <strong>qarTuli</strong> terminebi ar<br />
arsebobda, zogjer ki <strong>qarTuli</strong> termini ama Tu im enis saTanado terminis<br />
kalkia (magaliTad, berZnulis kalkia <strong>qarTuli</strong> `saxilveli/saxedveli~<br />
Sdr.: berZ. `Tiatro~). jer kidev Zvel qarTulSi <strong>qarTuli</strong> terminebis<br />
gverdiT gvxvdeba berZnul-laTinuri warmoSobis terminebi:<br />
Tiatro/Teatroni, ipodromi, stadioni, scena, orqestra da a. S.<br />
`Tiatro (Tiatroni D) _ saxedveli ese ars zRudemovlebuli Sua<br />
adgili, samRerel _ sarokavni da garemos mWvretelT sadgomi. sada<br />
stanjvidian mowameTa ZAa. romel ars saxedveli zRudemovlebulad<br />
aRSenebuli samRerelad diacTa mrokavTa muSaiTTaTvis, mÃecTa da<br />
7
morkinalTaTvis, mun tanjvidian wmidaTa mowameTa yovelTa<br />
dasanaxveblad~ (saba 1991, 305).<br />
es termini werilobiT ZeglebSi gvxvdeba sxvadasxva formiT:<br />
Teatroni, Tiatroni – moedani, saTamaSo adgili. `wariyvanes igi<br />
Teatronad~ m. cx. 377 r. `Teatroni ese sawadeli smeni – moyvare ars~. [b.<br />
kes. _ equs. dR. 106, 16]. sargebel geyos igi ufroÁs xilvasa Tiatronisasa<br />
[m. sw. 51, 8]. `viTarmed keTil ars saRmrToÁ igi gloaÁ da borot ars<br />
sicili, da viTarmed friad mavnebel ars xedvaÁ TeatronTa da<br />
saxiobaTaÁ~ (wminda ioane oqropiri; Tb. 1996; 114); `amisTÂsca Teatronni<br />
aRaSenna qalaqTa Sina da saxiobani Semzadna safrÃed sulTa maTTÂs<br />
qristianeTasa~ (iqve, 120).<br />
`saxedveli – Tvali ZAB (saba 1991, 74). termini `saxedveli kalkia<br />
berZnuli sityvisa – qeampov (qeaomai - vxedav, vuyureb)~ (kvasxvaZe 2003, 43).<br />
termini ipodromi sulxan-sabas ase aqvs ganmartebuli: ipodromi<br />
berZnulia, cxenT sarbieli ZAB. cxenT sarbieli berZnulad C. ipodromi<br />
da ipokonieri berZnulad cxenTsarbiels hqvian D. berZnulad cxenT<br />
sarbielsa samÃedros hqvian da ipokonierica E.<br />
`cxenT-sarbieli~ gvaqvs Zvel qarTulSi: `xedvida Tavsa TÂssa,<br />
viTarmca jda cxenT-sarbielsa mas qalaqsasa, romelsa ewodebis<br />
ipodromi~ H – 341, 83 (abulaZe 1973, 521) `ijppo - drojmos - hipodromi. <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
termini `cxenT-sarbieli~ berZnuli terminis `ipodromis~ kalkia.<br />
`kouijw (kouis) vamtvereb, morbenlis an mosiarulis dafarva mtvriT~<br />
(kvasxvaZe 2003, 43-44).<br />
stadioni utevani ZAB. erTi stadion(i) orasi mÃari ars (mÃari D) da<br />
eqvsi stadioni da naxevari erTi milia (milionia CqD) erT(s) wignSi<br />
Svidi da naxevari ewera CD. eqvsi stadioni da naxevari erTi milionia.<br />
erTs wignSi Svidi da naxevari vnaxe E. [stadi n. stadioni] (saba 1991, 110).<br />
`utevanis~ budeSi, romlis wyaroc sabasTan aris: 11, 18 ioane,<br />
leqsikografi sityvis warmomavlobazec miuTiTebs: utevani ars stadioni,<br />
romelsa somexni asparezs uwoden, xolo laTinni da elenni stadis,<br />
romeli 143 biji iq(m) nebis ZA. stajdiou, toj [mr. r. stajdia] `stadionisaTvis~<br />
8
sabas wyaro ar miuTiTebia, magram igi aris Zvel qarTulSi: 125 biji:<br />
`(iyo) viTar aTxuTmet stadion lavrisagan~. m. cx. 396 r. utevani da<br />
asparezi erTmneTis paralelurad gvxvdeba qarTul TargmanebSi<br />
berZnuli teqstis `stadionis~ Sesabamisad.: iyo beTaniaÁ maxlobel<br />
ierusalÀmsa viTar aTxuTmet iyo utevan (asparez C)~ i. 11, 18.<br />
hjjju de hj bhqauja ejvvvccus twjvu jjjTeposocujmwu wjs ajpo stadiwu sekapevte. ganSorebul<br />
iyo queyaniT mraval utevan~ mT. 14. 24. toj sej pcoijou hjsh stadijous.<br />
laTinurSia stadiis.<br />
`stadioni~ iSviaTad gvxvdeba teqstebSi am mniSvnelobiT, Zvel<br />
qarTulSive igi sxva mniSvnelobiTac Cndeba: 1. saasparezo adgili:<br />
stadion moRvawebisa da sulneleba warmatebisa, asparezi samaradisoÁ<br />
gamosacdelobisa da sawurTel mcnebaTa uflisaTa zogadyofaÁ ZmaTaÁ<br />
gansazRvrebuli ars [asketikoni da wmidaTa cxovrebani (XIII s)] (z.<br />
sarjvelaZe 1995). 2. stadioni _ stajdiou, toj 125 romauli nabiji, 600<br />
berZnuli, 625 romauli futi; stadioni, moedani; etapi, stadia,<br />
moRvaweobis sfero; ist. sigrZis erTeuli (m. kvasxvaZe 2003, 102-103)<br />
musika (musiki BCD) (3, 15 daniel) laTinuria, Ãmoanebad mova,<br />
qarTulad saxioba hqvia(n) Z. vmusikob – musikobas viq(m) ZAB. mousikojs, 3<br />
muzuri, yvelaferi is, rac exeba muzebs. taj mousika musikaluri xelovneba.<br />
sabas wyaros berZnul ikiTxvisSia: pautojs hjcou movsikwu. Zvel qarTulSi<br />
dadasturebulia musiki, musikebrivi, musikobaÁ [z. sarjvelaZe, 1995].<br />
(kvasxvaZe 2003, 36).<br />
aRmosavlur qveynebTan kulturuli urTierTobebis gaZlierebis<br />
Semdeg qarTul enaSi fexs ikidebs mravali arabul-sparsuli termini:<br />
naRara, doli, duduki, fanduri, sazandari, aSuRi da a. S.<br />
Semdgom ki gza exsneba rusul da evropis qveynebidan momdinare<br />
terminebs: abonementi, administratori, avanloJa, anonsi, ansambli,<br />
antraqti, anturaJi, apaCi, artisti, arlekini, aqsesuari, aqti, aqtiori,<br />
aqtrisa, balagani, baleti, balerina, balkoni, valsi, vestibiuli, paradi,<br />
reJisori da a. S.<br />
9
Teatri, xelovnebis sxva dargebis msgavsad, Tavisi arsiT mWidrod<br />
aris dakavSirebuli xalxis cxovrebasTan, istoriasa da kulturasTan.<br />
Sesabamisad, masSi aisaxeba is tendenciebi, rac zogadad qveynisaTvis<br />
aris damaxasiaTebeli.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> <strong>terminologia</strong>, rogorc sistema, jer kidev<br />
ar aris srulad aRwerili da gaaanalizebuli. naSromze muSaobisas<br />
SevkribeT originalursa Tu naTargmn ZeglebSi dadasturebuli<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi, saTeatro xelovnebasTan dakavSirebuli sityvebi,<br />
romlebic sakuTriv Teatralur terminebad SeiZleba ar miviCnioT, Tumca<br />
isini mniSvnelovan masalas warmoadgenen <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
terminologiis kvlevisTvis. ganxilulia sxvadasxva <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
terminis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi, rig SemTxvevaSi<br />
warmodgenilia Cveni Tvalsazrisi; mocemulia terminTa rogorc<br />
gramatikuli, aseve semantikuri analizi. Teatralur terminTa semantikur<br />
velSi pirobiTad gamovyaviT cxra Tematuri jgufi.<br />
1. msaxiobis Tematuri jgufi<br />
2. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> nagebobisa da teqnikuri momsaxurebis Tematuri jgufi<br />
3. <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> sanaxaobis Tematuri jgufi<br />
4. dramaturgiis Tematuri jgufi<br />
5. reJisuris Tematuri jgufi<br />
6. scenografiis Tematuri jgufi<br />
7. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> musikis Tematuri jgufi<br />
8. qoreografiis Tematuri jgufi<br />
9. mayureblis Tematuri jgufi<br />
Cven mier Sekrebili leqsika, albaT, ar amowuravs qarTul enaSi<br />
arsebuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebis mTel marags. terminTa semantikur<br />
analizs ZiriTadad warmovadgenT Zvelsa da saSual qarTulSi<br />
dadasturebul terminTa mixedviT. Zvel, saSual da axal qarTulSi<br />
Sesabamis terminTa Sejereba warmoaCens terminTqmnadobis dinamikas.<br />
10
sityvaTwarmoebaSi ganxilulia rogorc Zveli, aseve Tanamedrove<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi.<br />
11
Tavi I<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi kulturis sawyisebi da misi<br />
ganviTarebis istoria<br />
qarTulma sanaxaobiTma xelovnebam primitiuli formebidan<br />
Tanamedrove Teatramde mravalsaukunovani gza gaiara. sanaxaobiTi<br />
kulturis did tradicias adasturebs arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad<br />
aRmoCenili <strong>Teatraluri</strong> nagebobebi Tu sxvadasxva daniSnulebis nivTebi,<br />
romlebzedac gamosaxulia sakulto-sanaxaobiTi scenebi. TrialeTSi<br />
aRmoCenil vercxlis Tasze (Zv. w. II aTaswl. Sua xana) gamosaxuli<br />
misteria _ niRbosanTa ferxuli, kolxur monetebsa da qarTlSi napovn<br />
spilenZis monetebze gamosaxuli mocekvave (xaris niRbiT) _ yovelive es<br />
imdroindel qarTvel tomebSi sanaxaobaTa kulturis arsebobaze<br />
metyvelebs.<br />
CvenSi sanaxaobiTi kulturis uZveles tradicias arqeologiur<br />
monapovrebTan erTad (da upiratesadac) enobrivi monacemebic<br />
adastureben. istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodis saSualebiT saerTo<br />
qarTvelur doneze aRdgeba sanaxaobiTi kulturis (simRera _ cekvis,<br />
sakravebis da a. S) terminebi:<br />
*bir-<br />
qarT. bir- bir-eb-a `simRera~ (dialeqt.)<br />
megr. bir- v-i-bir-q `vmReri~; bir-a `simRera~…<br />
laz. bir- v-i-bir `vmReri~; bir-af-a/ o-bir-u `TamaSi; simRera~<br />
svan. br- li-br-Áal-i `simRera~; la-br-Áal `samReri; simRera~<br />
*cek<br />
qarT. cek- cek-v-a<br />
12<br />
(fenrixi, sarjvelaZe 2000, 112).<br />
meg. Cak- Cak-al-i. Sdr. saba `cekva ferÃis TiTebiT rokva~ _ `fexis<br />
bakuniT xmauriT, rxeviT siaruli~.
mi-Cak-al `xmauriT, rxeviT midis~…<br />
* Zil<br />
13<br />
(iqve, 591-592).<br />
qarT. Zil- Zil-i `Conguris simi~; Zil-a `Zafi~ `ormagi Zafi~<br />
laz. jil- o-jil-a-S-e `xilis Sesagrovebeli bade~<br />
svan. jil-/jl- jil/ jl-a-Á (bzm.) jl (bqv.) `simi; `lari~ (iqve, 626).<br />
saTeatro xelovnebis elementebs Seicavda nayofierebisadmi<br />
miZRvnili uZvelesi ritualuri dResaswaulebi: svanuri aRba-larali _<br />
aRebis Rreoba da qv. svanuri limuryvamal –koSkoba, romelic ramdenime<br />
dRes grZeldeba da sxvadasxva saxelwodebis wes-Cveulebisagan Sedgeba, _<br />
kviriaÁ, adrekilaÁ, meliaÁ tulefiaÁ, WimxaS _ ferxuli da a. S.<br />
mecnierebi saintereso paralelebs avleben uZveles qarTul sanaxaobiT<br />
wes-Cveulebebsa da sxva qveynebis sadResaswaulo ritualebs Soris. maT<br />
Soris svanuri `melia-telefiasa~ da nayofierebis xeTur qalRmerT<br />
telefinusisadmi miZRvnili sanaxaobis paralelebzec miuTiTeben da am<br />
paralels sayuradRebo etimologiiTac amagreben: «Отмеченные выше<br />
параллели сванского обряда с хеттским мифом о Телепину, подкрепляемые<br />
совпадением наименования обряда с хеттским божеством, позволяют видеть в первой<br />
части слова Melia-Telepia также элемент, увязываемый с персонажем хеттского мифа, в<br />
частности с пчелой (ср. хетт. – LAL - it, * melit «мед» NIM. LAL - aš - «пчела» ),<br />
играющей важную роль в хеттском мифе. На основании слова melit «мед» (LAL – it),<br />
восстанавливается форма индоевропейского происхождения * melitas «пчела» (ср.<br />
NIM. – LAL - aš acc. NIM. – LAL – an; LAL- it, g. LAL- it), соoтветствующая греч.<br />
melitta пчела, meli «мед». Это слово должно было попасть в сванский именно из<br />
хеттского языкового мира вместе с обрядом, посвященным богу плодородия, что<br />
лишний раз подтверждает предложение о возникновенни этого обряда в сванском под<br />
непосредственным влиянием хеттского мифа.<br />
( Н.А. Бендукидзе - Вопросы древней истории. 1973. стр. 100)
uZveles Teatralur sanaxaobebs miekuTvneba walenjixis freskaze<br />
gamosaxuli mocekvave qali, sveticxovlis taZarSi samxreT kedelze<br />
Sesrulebuli freska: mocekvave qalTa ferxuli, mocekvave solisti da<br />
musikosTa ori gundi. msgavsi gamosaxulebebia aRmoCenili Weduri<br />
xelovnebis uZveles nimuSebsa da miniatiurebze, romlebic amSveneben<br />
Zvel xelnawerebs _ adiSisa da jruWis oTxTavebs. miniatiurebiT<br />
yvelaze uxvadaa Semkuli jruWis oTxTavi, romelic 936 wels gadauweria<br />
vinme gabriels, xolo 940 wels wigni mouxatavs mxatvar Tevdores.<br />
wignis Tavfurceli Tevdores Seumkia jvriT, xolo saxarebis TiToeuli<br />
TavisTvis waumZRvarebia wyvili miniatiura, romelTaganac erTi<br />
maxareblis gamosaxulebaa, meore ki teqstis ilustraciaa. jruWis<br />
oTxTavis ilustraciebi imdroindeli mxatvrobis maRal doneze<br />
mianiSneben.<br />
saxiobebsa da misteriebSi, xalxur epossa da sagundo simRerebSi<br />
SemorCenilia nawyvetebi saferxulo dramebidan (`amirani~, `abesalom da<br />
eTeri~, `Tavfaravneli Wabuki~ da sxva).<br />
Zv. w.-is VIII saukuneSi kolxeTis samefoSi sportuli Sejibrebebisa<br />
da sanaxaobaTaTvis agebuli iyo arena.<br />
kldeSi nakveT qalaq ufliscixeSi (Zv. w. III-I ss.) SemorCenili<br />
saTeatro nageboba Tavisi sceniT, orqestraTi da mayurebelTaTvis<br />
gankuTvnili adgilebiT imis dasturia, rom qarTveli tomebi Cv. w.-mde<br />
kargad icnobdnen antikuri Teatris sanaxaobiT kulturas.<br />
`mcxeTis, ufliscixis, sarkinis, Zalisis, vanis, biWvinTis<br />
arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dros napovni dionises da misi Tanmxlebi<br />
silenes, satirebisa da sxvaTa mozaikuri da skulpturuli<br />
gamosaxulebani, brinjaosa da terakotis saritualo niRbebi cxadyofs,<br />
rom Zvel saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli iyo dionises kulti~ (qse. 1981,<br />
299).<br />
antikur qalaqebSi Teatrebis arsebobas adasturebs axali<br />
welTaRricxvis II saukuneSi moRvawe berZeni istorikosis lukianes<br />
14
cnobac: `adgilobrivi xalxi daniSnul dros, erTobliv sulyvelani<br />
iviwyebdnen yvela sxva saqmes da isxdnen TeatrSi~ (janeliZe 1980, 170).<br />
ax.w. -is VI saukunis bizantieli istorikosis prokofi kesarielis<br />
cnobiT, kolxeTis samefoSi, qalaq afsaruntSi, arsebobda Teatris<br />
Senoba da ipodromi.<br />
uZvelesi <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi kultura Taviseburi da<br />
mravalferovania. igi TviTmyofad niadagze viTardeboda. Tumca <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
sanaxaobiTi xelovneba iRebda da iTvisebda Zveli qveynebis kulturaTa<br />
nakadebs, magram maT sakuTar quraSi awrTobda da atarebda.<br />
Sua saukuneebis <strong>qarTuli</strong> literaturis rogorc originalur, ise<br />
naTargmn ZeglebSi dasturdeba Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> dramatuli poeziis<br />
fragmentebi da elinisturi periodis pantomimur warmodgenaTa aRwera.<br />
amave ZeglebSi gvxvdeba mravali <strong>qarTuli</strong> Zireuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini,<br />
mag.: mosawevarTmetyebe _ glovis mgosani, tragikosi; winaganwmenda,<br />
winaganswavla _ kaTarsisi; manqanebiT moyvanebuli RmerTi _ `deus eqs<br />
maxina~; simRera _ komosi, komedia; simReris mwerali _ moSaire<br />
komediografi; galobis mwerali _ poeti, diTirambebis mTxzveli;<br />
maxiobeli _ diTirambis Semsrulebeli; saxioba _ musika, poeturi<br />
sityvis musikisa da cekvis sinTezi; msaxiobeli _ saxiobis<br />
Semsrulebeli; mrguali, mZnobari, Znoba, ferxuli, ferxisa _ gundi;<br />
mrgvalismomvleli, mrgualismwyobeli, meferxise _ gundis wevri;<br />
momRerloba _ msaxiobis xelovneba; memRere, mesaxie _ msaxiobi; mwyobri<br />
memRereTa _ msaxiobTa dasi; dasaburveli pirisa, ride, tyavi _ niRabi:<br />
tyaosani _ niRbosani; saxioni _ niRabafarebul msaxiobTa dasi;<br />
saxilveli _ Teatri; gansacxromeli _ orqestra; samRereli _ skene,<br />
scena (qse, 1981, 299).<br />
qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg Seiqmna<br />
saeklesio Teatri da drama. paralelurad viTardeboda xalxuri Teatri<br />
_ berikaoba-yeenoba, romelic uZvelesi droidan iRebs saTaves da bunebis<br />
aRorZinebasa da agrarul kultmsaxurebasTanaa dakavSirebuli.<br />
berikaoba-yeenoba mravaldRiani, sxvadasxva epizodisagan Semdgari<br />
15
dResaswaulia. `igi Seicavs rogorc wminda religiur, ise zamTrisa da<br />
gazafxulis universaluri miTosisa da rTuli istroiul-eTnografiuli<br />
movlenebis danaSrevebs. yvelaferi es ramdenime aTasi wlis win<br />
Camoyalibda bunebis kvdoma-aRorZinebis misteriis saxiT, romlis idea<br />
yovel eTnossa da regionSi garkveuli versiiT iyo warmodgenili.<br />
calkeuli variantebis agebulebasa da ritualur simbolikaSi gadamwyvet<br />
rols asrulebda adgilobrivi warmodgenebi; amitom iqna saukuneebis<br />
manZilze Semonaxuli es xalxuri dResaswauli erTi warmmarTveli<br />
ideiTa da uaRresad Taviseburi, mravalferovani mxatvruli saxeebiT~<br />
(ruxaZe 1999, 7).<br />
xSirad berikaobas da yeenobas cal-calke ganixilaven, Tumca<br />
yeenobis dResaswaulis aRweriloba berikaobis yvela rituals imeorebs,<br />
xolo misTvis damaxasiaTebli finali, romelic moicavs wyalTan<br />
dakavSirebul qmedebebs _ yeenis wyalSi Cagdebasa da amoyvanas, riTac<br />
yeenis sikvdili da gacocxleba ivaraudeba, berikaobis bunebrivi<br />
dasasrulia da mTeli dResaswaulis saerTo warmomavlobasa da<br />
erTianobaze miuTiTebs.<br />
`berikaoba-yeenoba erT mTlian dResaswaulad wamogvidgeba da ara<br />
or, erTimeorisagan damoukidebel dResaswaulad, rogorc amas zogi<br />
mkvlevari miiCnevda (iqve. 13).<br />
Sua saukuneebSi ganviTarda sasaxlis karis Teatri _ saxioba.<br />
warmodgenebi imarTeboda specialurad agebul SenobebSi, romelTac<br />
`saxli saTamaSoÁ~ da `saxli salxino~ ewodeboda. gviandeli feodaluri<br />
xanis (XIV-XVII ss.) dramatul poeziaSi SenarCunebulia saxiobis<br />
tradiciebi. Teimuraz I-ma saxiobisTvis dawera dialogebi<br />
`vardbulbuliani~, `gabaaseba gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa~. arCil II-m<br />
Seqmna polemikuri dramaturgiis nimuSebi `gabaaseba Teimurazisa da<br />
rusTvelisa~ (`Teimuraziani~), `gabaaseba kacisa da soflisa~.<br />
ganviTarda xalxuri drama. XIV _ XVI saukuneebSi Seiqmna dramebi:<br />
`zviada lobjaniZe~, `vicbili da macbili~, XVII saukuneSi ki _ `Savlego~<br />
(qse, 1981, 299).<br />
16
XVIII saukuneSi saxiobis dramatuli poeziis ganviTarebas xeli<br />
Seuwyo d. guramiSvilma (dialogebi `sikvdilisa da kacis Selaparakeba<br />
da ciloba~ da `kacisa da sawuTrosagan ciloba da bWoba, erTmaneTis<br />
Zviris xseneba~).<br />
XVIII saukunis 60-80-ian wlebSi Tbilissa (1756) da TelavSi (1788)<br />
aRmocenda kidev erTi saxis sasceno sanaxaoba _ e. w. saskolo saeklesio<br />
Teatri, romlis erT-erTi gamoCenili moRvawec iyo Telavis seminariis<br />
xelmZRvaneli daviT reqtori.<br />
XVIII saukunis 90-ian wlebSi erekle II-is sasaxlesTan Seiqmna saero<br />
Teatri, romelsac saTaveSi giorgi avaliSvili Caudga. am TeatrSi<br />
originaluri nawarmoebebis garda, idgmeboda rusulidan Targmnili da<br />
gadmokeTebuli piesebi. rogorc korneli kekeliZe miuTiTebs, `qarTul<br />
scenas safuZveli Caeyara ruseTTan politikuri da kulturuli kavSiris<br />
ganmtkicebis Semdeg erekle mefis dros. am dros ruseTidan dabrunebula<br />
saqarTveloSi Tbilisis mcxovrebi viRac maiori gabrieli, romelsac<br />
dauwyia Zveli aRTqmis istoriis siuJetebis warmodgena. am warmodgenaSi<br />
Sesasvlel bileTebs aseTi warwera hqonia: `Sauri ori, gabriel maiori~<br />
(kekeliZe, t. II, 1981, 693).<br />
Telavsa da TbilisSi idgmeboda komediebi, rasac saTaveSi edga<br />
gabriel maiori. paralelurad funqcionirebda sasaxlis karis Teatri _<br />
saxioba, daviT maCablis xelmZRvanelobiT. cnobilia, rom am Teatris<br />
bevri msaxiobi gmirulad daiRupa 1795 wlis krwanisis brZolaSi aRa-<br />
mahmad-xanis winaaRmdeg.<br />
XVIII saukuneSi aRmocenda <strong>qarTuli</strong> klasicisturi Teatri.<br />
saqarTveloSi klasicisturi Teatri Semovida jer a. sumarokovis, Semdeg<br />
ki frangi klasicistebis _ kornelis, rasinisa da volteris _ qarTulad<br />
Targmnili piesebiT. es piesebi yuradRebas iqcevs ara marto mTargmnelTa<br />
mxatvruli ostatobis, aramed piesis dramaturgiuli struqturis,<br />
qarTulad gadmotanisa da <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebis TvalsazrisiTac mag.:<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZis mier Targmnili kornelis `sina-s~ aseTi dasawyisi<br />
aqvs:<br />
17
`korneli, sinna<br />
traRedia ese iTargmna franciulis eniTgan Tavadis aleqsandre<br />
WavWavaZisagan<br />
aqtiorni anu moqmedni pirni...<br />
(monawileTa CamoTvlis Semdeg dasaxelebulia moqmedebis adgili):<br />
ese aRsruldeba romsa Sina<br />
moqmedeba pirveli<br />
warmodgineba a.<br />
emilia....<br />
warmodgineba b.<br />
emilia da fulvia...<br />
warmodgineba g<br />
sinna, emilia, fulvia...<br />
da a. S. (al. WavWavaZe, 1940, 181-240).<br />
piesaSi termini warmodgineba naxmaria gamosvlis mniSvnelobiT da<br />
yovel moqmedebaSi (aseTi sul samia) axali TanmimdevrobiT iwyeba (a, b,<br />
g...)...<br />
al. WavWavaZesTan gvxvdeba terminebi: asparezi, baiaTi, gancxroma _<br />
`lxinoba, mxiaruleba, nebivroba~; dasamReri _ gasaTamaSebeli, Sesaqcevi,<br />
gvxvdeba dacinvis mniSvnelobiT, Sdr. T. bagrationis samRereli amasac<br />
niSnavs, rom ecinodes kaci kacsa...; ebani, dafi, muRni, Cangi, qnari, msaxeni<br />
_ gamomsaxvelni; Sadluxi – zeimis dros Tof-zarbaznis srola; Znoba _<br />
musikoba, xmis Sewyoba, dakvriT da mReriT xotba:<br />
`cud ars TqvenTana esden Znoba,<br />
hsjobs daveviwyo mnaTobT mkoba:<br />
`oh warmavalno~.<br />
al. WavWavaZis mier volteridan gadmokeTebul `taqtika-Sic~<br />
gvxvdeba <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi:<br />
18
`Tqven ra, yovliT bednierno, maSin patiJs Tqvens sadgomsa.<br />
mjdomareni moSaireT, ucxadebdiT kalmiT omsa,<br />
an gosanas saaSiyoT Tiatrisken warxvidodiT<br />
da parteriT WogrebiTa mas SescqerdiT mas SestrfodiT.<br />
19<br />
(al. WavWavaZe 1940, 166).<br />
XIX saukuneSi Seiqmna scenismoyvareTa wreebi, romelTac<br />
xelmZRvanelobdnen aleqsandre WavWavaZe, manana orbeliani, vaxtang<br />
jambakur-orbeliani da sxvebi.<br />
1845 wels saqarTveloSi daarsda rusuli dramatuli Teatri.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> aristokratiisTvis Teatri sulieri cxovrebis<br />
aucilebeli elementi xdeba. gr. orbeliani Tavis dRiurebSi moskovis<br />
TeatrSi erT-erTi stumrobis Sesaxeb wers: `wavediT TeatrSi, xalxi ar<br />
iyo ise mraval viTar uwinares. warmodgena iyo qaRaldis moTamaSis<br />
cxovreba, saucxood iTamaSes, ufro maCalovma, ase rom davswyevle<br />
yoveli moTamaSe. Teatris Semdeg wavedi avalovTan vaxSmad~ (gr.<br />
orbeliani, 1936, 26). am avalovs (giorgi avaliSvils) ki peterburgidan<br />
acnobebs: `mravaljer viyav TeatrSic, marama moskovis Teatri ars<br />
umjobes Zvirfasis SenobiTa da sididiTa~ (iqve, 33). nino andronikaSvil-<br />
erisTavisadmi rigidan miweril werilSi ki aRniSnavs: `amas winaT viyav<br />
riRis qalaqSi, sadaca aris Teatri, magram peterburRisa da moskovis<br />
Teatrebs ver Seedreba~ (gr. orbeliani 1989, 217-333). sazogado salxino<br />
adgilni: pirvel salxino adgili ars Teatri, romelica gamoaCens<br />
xarisxsa eris ganaTlebisasa da aqvs didi Zliereba zneobasa zeda... (iqve,<br />
234).<br />
XVIII saukunis bolosa da XIX saukunis dasawyisSi qarTul<br />
kulturaze mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina rusulma da evropulma<br />
kulturam, gavlena igrZnoboda xelovnebis yvela sferoSi, maT Soris<br />
saTeatro xelovnebaSic, rusuli Teatris arsebobam Seamzada niadagi<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> profesiuli Teatris Camosayalibeblad, garda amisa rusulis
gziT Semovida da damkvidrda mravali <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini. gamdidrda<br />
da ganviTarda <strong>Teatraluri</strong> <strong>terminologia</strong>.<br />
1850 wels aRorZinda <strong>qarTuli</strong> profesiuli Teatri. 14 ianvars<br />
daidga pirveli speqtakli _ giorgi erisTavis komedia _ `gayra~. swored<br />
es dRe iTvleba <strong>qarTuli</strong> profesiuli Teatris `dabadebis~ dRed.<br />
am droidan moyolebuli qarTulma Teatrma mniSvnelovani roli<br />
Seasrula sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. Teatris funqciisa da<br />
daniSnulebis gazrdis gamoZaxilia mxatvrul literaturasa Tu<br />
sagazeTo statiebSi Teatris Sesaxeb dabeWdili ara erTi msjeloba. XIX<br />
saukunis adamianTa yofaSi Teatri cxovrebis ganuyofel nawilad iqca,<br />
es faqti imdroindel mxatvrul literaturaSic aisaxa gamoZaxili. amis<br />
magaliTia gr. rCeuliSvilis mier gadmokeTebuli nawarmoebebi<br />
`lunatiki~ da `SeSlili~. nawarmoebis pasaJebidan igrZnoba Teatris<br />
sunTqva (loJa, lorneti, Teatris Worebi, ekipaJi), garkveviT ikiTxeba<br />
Teatris daniSnulebac, msaxiobebTan dakavSirebuli SemoqmedebiTi da<br />
piradi cxovrebis msxvilman-wvrilmani, Teatrisadmi gamowveuli<br />
cnobismoyvareoba da usazRvro interesi, namdvilisa da moCvenebiTis<br />
garCeva da mayureblis Tanagancda, <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris Camoyalibebis<br />
periodis politikuri konteqstebi da a. S.<br />
`es iyo Tebervlis ToTxmetsa, 1855 welsa, ukanasknels dRes<br />
yvelierisasa, rodesac, dRisiT sadilis ukan, ardgendnen italiurs<br />
operaSi, tfilisSi, `sasZlo lunatiksa~.<br />
orTa ymawvilTa kacTa miaqcies TavianTi lornetebi loJebsa da<br />
erTzed daayenes Wvreta.<br />
_ hxedav kniaz bagratsa, ra saxiT esayvarleba axals qvrivs<br />
babalesa? _ sTqva erTma maTganma.<br />
_ sakvirvelia, _ upasuxa meorem, _ me mgonia, rom bagratis coli<br />
Sewuxebuli avadmyofi aris.<br />
_ imas saSiSi avadmyofoba ara aqvs ra, magram is siyrmiTve sustis<br />
agebulebisa aris da amasTanave metad eWviania. vgoneb es ori mizezi<br />
20
sakmao unda iyos, rom imis qmari eZebdes garTvas teatrSi~ (gr.<br />
rCeuliSvili, `lunatiki~ 1965, 205).<br />
`...warmodgena gaTavda. bagratma gaacila qali ekipaJamdin. babalem<br />
miiwvia igi Caized da ekipaJma mswraflad miaqrola igini babales<br />
saxlSi, kukiaSi~ (iqve, 206).<br />
`...samZimo dumilebis gansawyvetad qalma Camoagdo laparaki<br />
warmodgenazed, aktrisebzed, imaT tansacmelzed; magram mainc ubnoba ara<br />
grZeldeboda (iqve, 206).<br />
mcire nawyveti `SeSlilidan~:<br />
`sazogadod saqarTvelo da sakuTrad tfilisi bevriT arian<br />
davalebulni gansvenebulis feldmarSalis Tavadis voroncovisagan.<br />
1845 welsa gadmovida voroncovi saqarTveloSi mefis nacvlad da<br />
maSinve Seudga is ganxilvasa mis saWiroebisasa, hpova saqarTvelo Zirs<br />
damxobili mravlis wylulebisagan. mxolod imis SemZlebels marjvenas<br />
SeeZlo im Jamad saqarTvelos aRdgineba da imis didkacurma siuxvem ara<br />
dazoga ra am wylulebis gansakurneblad. man daawinaura vaWroba, glexT<br />
gauCina muSakoba, obolT da oxerT Seafarebina Tavi saswavlebelSi,<br />
keTilSobilT daanaxva keTilSobiluri gza xelmwifis samsaxurisa.<br />
agreTve ara daiSura ra sazogados siamovnebisaTvis; amis gamo man<br />
daafuZna <strong>qarTuli</strong> teatri.<br />
keTili saqme Tavadis voroncovisa ar darCa unayofod. mravalTa<br />
misis CvenebiT iwaRmarTes da hpoves warmateba: evropiuli cxovreba<br />
Semovida CvenSi. axali azrebi dagvebadnen. erTis sityviT gaiRviZa xalxma<br />
Rrma Zilidan; sruliad uswavlelni TiTqmis ganviTardnen; uceb<br />
moulodnelad daibadnen warCinebulni komikuri mweralni, romelTa<br />
Soris brwyinavs T. giorgi erisTavi, agreTve aqtiorebi, romelTac<br />
gaakvirves evropielni.<br />
am aqtiorebisa da aqtrisebis Soris iyvnen im dros orni<br />
sayvarelni sazogadoebisa: aqtiori gigo da aqtrisa keke. eseni<br />
yovelTvis erTad TamaSobdnen mijnurobis rolsa; xolo Semdgom am<br />
21
TamaSobidgan igini gadavidnen namdvil damijnurebamdin~ (gr.<br />
rCeuliSvili 1965, 220).<br />
`rodesac Semoxveli TeatrSi. xalxi da yoveli didkacoba xelebs<br />
imtvreven bevris taSis kvriTa, rodesac Sen enas aRZrav xolme...<br />
maSasadame, SenTvis bedniereba ar aris axali anbavi... TiTqmis gazeTebica,<br />
romelnic esred iSviaTad gamoimeteben rasmes kargsa sxvisaTvis,<br />
ganagrZeleben xolme aRtacebiT Sens qebasa... (gr. rCeuliSvili 1965, 221).<br />
` ...Semikar xelebi, gadamparse Tma da wamiyvane im sazarels saxlSi,<br />
sadac mivdiodiT xolme giJebis rolis saswavleblad yovelTvis.<br />
rodesac unda warmogvedgina xolme TeatrSi SeSlili tasiko da<br />
vaxtangi... diaR, diaR! Tu rom fiqrad Cavido me Seni Ralati, wamaTrie<br />
navTluxSi, giJebis saxlSi (gr. rCeuliSvili 1965, 225).<br />
` _ diaR, _ uTxra gigom, _ ai ra mizeziT movediT aqa! me da es<br />
qali orniv aqtiorebi varT Teatrisa. xval unda warmovadginoT Cven<br />
SeSlili. am warmodgenaSi aris qali gagiJebuli siyvarulisagan.<br />
gvindoda, rom Cvens warmodgenas hqonoda msgavseba namdvilisa, da amitom<br />
aq movediT sigiJis dasaswavlad, Sesamecneblad ...es qali apirebs<br />
SeSlilis rolis TamaSobas.<br />
_ oh, ra bednierebaa aqtrisoba! _ warmosTqo saCqarod<br />
Camofarebulma qalma, _ ra keTilSobiluri daniSnuleba aris! acineb,<br />
atireb, aRZrav xalxsa... taSis kvriT aquxeb, moyvan vardis wvimas...<br />
_ Tu rom egreT survili gaqvsT, _ uTxra gigom, _ ratom ar<br />
Sexval aqtrisad?<br />
_ Tqma advilia, magram aRsruleba Znelia, _ uTxra qalma.<br />
_ survili yovels dabrkolebas daamarcxebs, mxolod gabeduleba<br />
unda iqonioT.<br />
_ ara mgonia! aqtrisad Semsvleli pirvelad unda iyos ymawvili<br />
qali, meored hqondes kargi xma da iyos lamazi, agreTve hqondes niWi (gr.<br />
rCeuliSvili 1965, 234).<br />
zemoT dasaxelebuli epizodebidan kargad Cans, Tu rogori didi<br />
adgili eWira Teatrs sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. aqve sagulisxmo<br />
22
detals SevniSnavT: msaxiobebi mTeli pasuxismgeblobiTa da mondomebiT<br />
euflebian msaxiobis ostatobas, SeSlilis rolis gasaTaviseblad<br />
sagiJeTSic ki midian.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> profesiuli Teatris daarsebam SemdgomSi scenismoyvareTa<br />
Teatrebis Camoyalibebas Seuwyo xeli.<br />
1857-58 wlebSi saqarTveloSi gavrcelda scenismoyvareTa Teatrebi.<br />
am periodSi Teatris Sesaxeb kritikul werilebs aqveynebdnen: ilia<br />
WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, niko nikolaZe, sergei mesxi, ivane maCabeli,<br />
giorgi wereTeli da sxvebi, romlebSic maRal doneze iyo ganxiluli<br />
Teatris sakiTxebi.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> profesiuli Teatris gza zigzagobrivia. drodadro iyo<br />
ufunqciobis periodebic, magram <strong>qarTuli</strong> sazogadoebis didi mondomebiT<br />
xdeboda misi ganaxleba.<br />
1879 wels muSaoba ganaaxla qarTulma profesiulma Teatrma.<br />
qarTul TeatrSi idgmeboda g. erisTavis, z. antonovis, a. cagarlis, ak.<br />
wereTlis, i. WavWavaZis da sxvaTa piesebi.<br />
bunebrivia, rom xalxSi kvlavac cocxalia araerTi sawesCveulebo<br />
rituali da dResaswauli. es sanaxaobebi mxatvruli literaturis<br />
obieqtis xdeba. mweralma barbare jorjaZem detalurad aRwera<br />
imdroindeli saqorwilo rituali moTxrobaSi `Tazo momRerali~.<br />
vrceli amonaridi nawarmoebidan:<br />
`manuCar mZlavraZes, Tavis sakuTar sofelSi kargi saxl-kari<br />
hqonda, magram saxlebi erT mazris qalaqSiac iyida da ufro xSiraT iq<br />
imyofebodnen xolme, radgan erTi mefis moxeleTagani esec iyo. amas<br />
amJamaT gojaspir ptyelaZis qali soflidan rZlaT unda moeyvana. Svilis<br />
qorwili gamarTa. gareT saxlis ezo gaaCiraRdnes, mowveuli xalxi<br />
Tabun-Tabunad dadiodnen da musaifobdnen. erTi didi darbazi<br />
qalebisaTvis daemzadebinaT da meore kacebisaTvis. dabla iataki sul<br />
xalebiT iyo mofenili, mefe-dedofali sadac unda daesxaT, iq kedelze<br />
dibis farda CamoekidnaT da dabla xalzemodan suzani gaeSalaT diba<br />
xaverdis dori fardazed iyo miyudebuli.<br />
23
manuCar da misi colisda TinaTin, siamovnebiT aRtacebulni,<br />
stumrebis daxvedraSi iyven. am dros maxarobelmac cxeni moaWena, Tofi<br />
gaisrola da mefioni modiso, acnobaT. oTaxidan piris fareSma erTi<br />
lula atlas-bafTi gamoarbeina, maxarobels mxari auxvia da qaSanuris<br />
jamiT savse Rvino miawoda. imanac gamoarTo, dalia, jami miwaze daaxala,<br />
gatexa da cxeni ukanve gaaWena, mefis misagebeblad wavida.<br />
qalebSi areuloba da qoTqoTi Seiqna. yvelam fanjrebidan yureba<br />
daiwyes. patara xans ukan dafa-zurnis xma moesmaT da cxenebis Tqara-<br />
TquriT mefioni moiyvanes. patarZals wiTeli maudis sawvimari esxa, piri<br />
daburuli hqonda, iribaT gamoWrili atlasi iyo oqromkerdiT nakeri<br />
asaxvevaT. qali qmarma cxenidan Camoaxdina da xel-mokidebuli sawol-<br />
oTaxisken waiyvana. amaT karebTan erTi qmarSviliani naTesavi qali win<br />
moegeba, romelsac xelSi vercxlis Tasi eWira da zed patar-pataraT<br />
damtvreuli Saqari ewyo. aiRo am qalma, jer mefes SeaWama da mere<br />
patarZals, daloca, orives miesalma da oTaxSi Seiyvana. mefe mere sxva<br />
oTaxSi wavida. rodesac patarZalma cota-xans daisvena, maSin mziTvis<br />
moaxle Semovida da zandukidan tanisamosi amoawyo, am qalma patarZali<br />
morTo: TeTri dibis kaba Caacva, alisfer atlaszed oqromkerdiT nakeri<br />
sartyel-gulispiri gaukeTa, Tavzed saxiani frolis leCaqi daxura,<br />
margalitiT nakeri yamCi Semoakra, iagundisa da zurmuxtis TvalebiT<br />
Semkuli, sami TiTa yamCzed gaukera, yamCSi oqros jiRa CaurWo, Semdgom<br />
yelzed almasiT moWedili didi jvari Tval-margalitiT Semkuli<br />
gulzed Camohkida, TiTebi Zvirfasis beWdebiT gauvso da rodesac morTva<br />
daasrula, saia frolis pir-bade pirzed Camoifara, Tavs gvirgvini<br />
daadga da mefes Seatyobina, qali mzaT ariso; Semdeg mefec Semovida,<br />
imasac sagzao tanisamosi gamoecvala da Caecva yviTeli dibis axaluxi,<br />
alisferi xaverdis qulaja, TeTri maudis Coxa Salvari, welzed oqroT<br />
moWedili qamari ekra, Tavzed maRali kalmuxis qudi exura da zed<br />
gvirgvini edga. dedofali wamoayena da xel-mokidebuli karebTan rom<br />
mividnen, iq meqorwile Tavad-aznauroba daxvdaT, romelTac waiyvanes<br />
galobiT da SeuZRven xomlebiT gaCaRebuls darbazSi. vinc ki qalebi iq<br />
24
iyvnen, sul dabla mokecilebi isxden, gars Semomwkrivebulni. mefe-<br />
dedofali momzadebuls adgils gadaiyvanes da dasxdnen.<br />
am dros wamodga mefis mxriT erTi msaxuri da win daiCoqa, meore<br />
msaxuri dedoflis mxriT movida da daiCoqa, gaSales fiandazi da zed<br />
dadges didi vercxlis badia. jer mefis mamam bajaRlo oqroTi<br />
gadauloca da uTxra mefe-dedofals: _ `RmerTma ise gakurTxoT, rogorc<br />
abram da sarra, ise gagamravloT, rogorc caSi varskvlavni da zRvis<br />
qviSa~. merme dedidam gadauloca, Semdgom vinc ki meqorwile qali Tu<br />
kaci iyo, or-ori mividoden mefe dedofals Tavs daukravdnen da TeTri<br />
fuliT gadaulocden. rodesac gaaTaves, piris meRvineni wamodgen, aiRes<br />
fiandazi da badia, gaitanes da is fulebi imaT Sua gaiyves. manuCarma<br />
daiZaxa: _ aba, axla ki dafa-zurna dahkariTo, isini mswraflad karebTan<br />
modgen da daukres lekuri. manuCarma Tavis colis das, TinaTins, xeli<br />
waavlo, ZalaT wamoayena da uTxra: _ `TinaTin! radgan Cem Svilebs dedis<br />
magivrad Sena hyevxar me da Sen ivanes qorwilSi erTad unda viTamaSoT~,<br />
miugo TinaTinma: `genacvale raRa dros Cemi TamaSobaa, Torem?...~ _ maS<br />
mxiaruloba rogor unda Segetyos? `guliT gaxlavar mxiaruli~. _ ara,<br />
ar mogeSvebi~... manuCar! naTesaobamac waaqeza da eZaxdnen: `aTamaSe,<br />
aTamaSeo~. Zalis ZalaT manuCarma TinaTini gaaTamaSa. imanac siciliTa da<br />
TqaraTqariT ymawvil qalebs daukra Tavi da dajda. gaimarTa lekuri<br />
cekva. es mSvenivraT morTuli qali da kaci TamaSobiT erTaT rom<br />
gamovidoden, TiTqos adgilzed fexs ar akareben da haerSi dafrinaveno.<br />
Tvali ukeTes sanaxavs raRas naxavda? rodesac TamaSobiT guli ijeres,<br />
kacebi gaviden da dafa-zurnac gaiyvanes~ (jorjaZe 1986, 86-89).<br />
yvelaferi Teatralur princips eqvemdebareba. yvelaferi scenuri<br />
moqmedebebis mixedviT aris gadanawilebuli.<br />
I scena: saqorwilod morTuli darbazi, `dibis farda~, mefe-<br />
patarZlis molodinSi fardazed miyudebuli diba xaverdis dori<br />
(baliSi), darbazis gareT, TiTqos avanscenaze, gaCiraRdnebuli ezo,<br />
jguf-jgufad momusaife xalxi, stumrebis daxvedriT dakavebuli da<br />
meqorwileebis molodiniT sasiamovnod SeSfoTebuli ojaxis ufrosoba.<br />
25
II scena: mizanscena icvleba _ maxaroblis SemoWeneba cxeniT, Tofis<br />
srola, stumrebis aRtacebuli SeZaxilebi. wes-Cveulebis mixedviT<br />
maxaroblis tradiciuli daxvedra da maxaroblis mxaris axveva;<br />
maxaroblis ukan gabruneba.<br />
III scena: kvlav icvleba mizanscena da dekoracia. stumarTa<br />
mouTmeneli CoCqoli, Soridan dafa-zurnis xma da cxenebis TqaraTquri,<br />
mefionis Semosvla da patarZlis scena _ misi gamoCena dResaswauls unda<br />
hgavdes: amitom misma STambeWdavma Cacmulobam yvelaferi unda<br />
gadafaros. wiTeli feris maudis sawvimari, iribad gamoWrili atlasis<br />
kaba oqromkediT naqsovi. nefe rainduli TavazianobiT cxenidan<br />
CamosvlaSi exmareba patarZals da ase xelmokidebuli mihyavs (patara<br />
intriga) sawoli oTaxisaken da a. S.<br />
rogorc vxedavT, moyvanil nawyvetSi sruladaa warmodgenili<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> dadgmisTvis aucilebeli komponentebi: arian msaxiobebi,<br />
monawileobs mayurebeli, speqtakls hyavs damdgmeli reJisoric, esaa<br />
Cveni tradiciebi, romlebic Tavis wess karnaxobs saqorwilo rituals,<br />
msvlelobas, Tumca ar gamoiricxeba improvizaciac. nawyvetSi aseT<br />
improvizebuli scenaa simas deidis, TinaTinis, azrobrivad datvirTuli<br />
reveransi, Tavis dakvra ymawvili qalebis misamarTiT, iZulebiTi<br />
wacekvebis Semdeg: `imanac siciliTa da TqaraTquriT ymawvil qalebs<br />
daukra Tavi da dajda~ (iqve, 89).<br />
qarTvel samocianelebs iliasa da akakis meTaurobiT erovnuli<br />
meobis Senebis erT-erT safuZvlad <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatri esaxebodaT. `didi<br />
ram aris-meTqi scena: Zlivs erTi sajaro adgili mainc gveqneba, saca<br />
Cvenis eniT vilxenT, Cvenis eniT vinaRvlebT, Cvenis enis mowyalebiT<br />
gavatarebT Tval-win Cvens cxovrebasa mTelis misis Wkuisa da gulis<br />
monagarTa~, _ werda ilia 1879 wels dabeWdil Sinaur mimoxilvebSi.<br />
`Cven, am Teatris wyalobiT, SegviZlian gavixsenoT Cveni warsuli,<br />
davinaxoT awmyo da warmovidginoT momavali~ (akaki 1990, 134).<br />
gansakuTrebulia i. WavWavaZisa da ak. wereTlis Rvawli <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
Teatris aRorZinebis saqmeSi. maTi Tvali, yuri da guli yvelafers, rac<br />
26
TeatrTan iyo dakavSirebuli akvirdeboda, ismenda, ganicdida. maTi<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> mimoxilvebi yvelafers swvdeboda, Cxrekda, wonida,<br />
ajerebda _ Teatris Senobas, Teatris gaTbobas, msaxiobis TamaSs,<br />
metyvelebas, materialur mdgomareobas, yofaSi Teatris enobriv<br />
pozicias, recenziebs, dramaturgias, mayureblis daswreba-ar daswrebas,<br />
mecenatebs da a. S.<br />
maTi analizi, Sefaseba-SeniSvnebi Rrmad profesiulia, oriode<br />
nimuSs davasaxelebT: `mesame moqmedebaSi ver iyo b-ni mesxievi, rogorc<br />
sasurvelia. SeSlilobidam goneba-mosvlazed metad swrafad gadavida.<br />
ase rom momxiblavi cduneba scenisa, romelsac iluzias eZaxian, srulad<br />
daekarga mayurebelsa~. ilia ase asabuTebs msaxiobis am nawilobriv<br />
warumateblobas: `advilad dasajerebelia, rom orma pirvelma moqmedebam<br />
dahRala. xorcis moZraoba ise rogor dahRlis kacsa, rogorc sulisa,<br />
da pirveli ori moqmedeba xom TiTqmis sulis moZraoba iyo~ (ilia 1991,<br />
287).<br />
akaki rom zedmiwevniT icnobda Teatris Sida cxovrebas, am<br />
amonarididanac kargad Cans: `am gvaraT artistis bedi da ubeduroba<br />
bevris xelSia Cavardnili: 1) reJisoris xelSi, rom Sesaferi rolebi<br />
aZlios: 2) mokananaxes xelSi, rom kananaxi ar aurios da 3) Tan<br />
moTamaSeebis xelSi, rom ar gaafuWos ganZraxviT TamaSi~ (akaki 1990, 245).<br />
XIX saukunis samocian wlebSi Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si axali<br />
terminebi nela-nela fexs ikidebs da sanam, rogorc termini<br />
saliteraturo enaSi damkvidrdeba, garkveul gzas gadis. magaliTad,<br />
ilias erT-erT werilSi dasturdeba forma dramatebuli, akaki<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> dasis mniSvnelobis gadmosacemad xmarobs termin truppas<br />
da a. S. `Cvenda samwuxarod, esec unda SevniSnoT, rom egred wodebuli<br />
dramatebuli yelSi laparaki (Драматический шопот) ver mosdis b-ns<br />
mesxievsa, Tumca ise ki mSvenieris xmis patronia. ar viciT, es xmis<br />
gauwvrTnelobis bralia Tu organebuli naklovanebaa. eg dramateburi<br />
yelSi laparaki didi Rirsebaa sadramo artistisaTvis da didi zarica<br />
aqvs msmenelTaTvis, Tu kacsa magis Uunari aqvs. sasurvelia, rom am mxriv<br />
27
yuradReba miaqcios b-ma mesxievma Tavis xmasa da Tu SeiZleba, xma<br />
SeaCvios da gaiwurTnos~ (ilia 1991, 287).<br />
`komitetis brali iyo Tu TviTon truppisa, amis gamokvlevaSi axla<br />
ar Sevdivar~ (akaki 1990, 211). amrigad, Cveni <strong>qarTuli</strong> truppa cud<br />
mdgomareobaSia Cavardnili~ (iqve, 211). `egeba vinmem ifiqros, rom<br />
gabunias qals marto komikuri niWi hqonia da ara dramuli~ (iqve, 321).<br />
XIX saukunis 80-90-ian wlebSi qarTul TeatrSi damkvidrda<br />
ucxouri klasikuri dramaturgia. Seqspiris maCabliseulma Targmanebma<br />
mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSa <strong>qarTuli</strong> profesiuli Teatris donis<br />
amaRlebaSi.<br />
1885 wels daarsda pirveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> gazeTi `Teatri~,<br />
romelsac redaqtorobda vaso abaSiZe. Tbilissa da quTaisSi<br />
moRvaweobdnen <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris msaxiobebi: vaso abaSiZe, lado aleqsi-<br />
mesxiSvili, nato gabunia, mako safarova-abaSiZe, valerian gunia da<br />
sxvebi.<br />
1900-ian wlebSi qarTul TeatrSi didi warmatebiT idgmeboda egnate<br />
ninoSvilis `qristine~, `Cveni qveynis raidebi~ da daviT kldiaSvilis<br />
`irines bedniereba~, `darispanis gasaWiri~ da sxva.<br />
1890-1900-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi Seiqmna saxalxo Teatrebi.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris istoriaSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs<br />
quTaisis Teatrs. 1897-1906 wlebSi mas saTaveSi edga lado aleqsi-<br />
mesxiSvili.<br />
1921 wlis 25 noembers Tbilisis qarTul Teatrs SoTa rusTavelis<br />
saxeli mieniWa. erTi wlis Semdeg am Teatrs saTaveSi Caudga kote<br />
marjaniSvili. 1922 wlis 25 noembers rusTavelis Teatris scenaze didi<br />
warmartebiT daidga lope de vegas `cxvris wyaro~. es iyo udidesi<br />
movlena <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris istoriaSi. am dadgmas mohyva zurab antonovis<br />
`mzis dabneleba saqarTveloSi~. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia 1925 wels<br />
kote marjaniSvilis mier rusTavelis TeatrSi dadgmuli Seqspiris<br />
`hamleti~ (hamleti _ uSangi CxeiZe, klavdiusi _ akaki vasaZe, ofelia _<br />
veriko anjafariZe, laerti _ akaki xorava). speqtaklSi mkafiod<br />
28
gamovlinda marjaniSvilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tanamedrove JReradoba,<br />
emociuroba, mxatvruli ubraloeba, monumenturoba (qse, 1981, 300).<br />
1926 wels marjaniSvili rusTavelis Teatridan wavida. Teatrs<br />
saTaveSi sandro axmeteli Caudga. man warmatebiT dadga `anzori~,<br />
`rRveva~, Sileris `yaCaRebi~.<br />
1928 wels quTaisSi kote marjaniSvilma daaarsa axali Teatri,<br />
romelsac TbilisSi gadmosvlis (1933) Semdeg kote marjaniSvilis saxeli<br />
mieniWa. aq daidga k. guckovis `uriel akosta~ (1929), polikarpe kakabaZis<br />
`yvaryvare TuTaberi~ (1929) da sxva mniSvnelovani speqtaklebi.<br />
M meore msoflio omi, bunebrivia, qarTul Teatrsac Seexo. es<br />
periodi xasiaTdeba naklebi aqtiurobiT.<br />
XX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi mniSvnelovani gardatexa moxda qarTul<br />
TeatrSi. dramaturgTa, msaxiobTa, reJisorTa axali Taoba daupirispirda<br />
rusTavelis Teatris gmirul-romantikul tradiciebs. mniSvnelovani iyo<br />
akaki dvaliSvilis speqtakli `Cveneburebi~ (1956). am speqtaklSi<br />
gamovlinda reJisorTa swafva, SeeqmnaT Rrmad fsiqologiuri<br />
speqtaklebi.<br />
60-ian wlebSi rusTavelis TeatrSi Tavi iCina mxatvrul-<br />
SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebis tendenciebma. gmirul-romantikuli mimarTulebis<br />
tradiciebis SenarCunebasTan erTad xdeboda maTi Sexameba Rrma<br />
fsiqologizmTan da msoflio <strong>Teatraluri</strong> xelovnebis SemoqmedebiT<br />
siaxleebTan. mas mxars uWerdnen reJisorebi: dimitri aleqsiZe, mixeil<br />
TumaniSvili, arCil CxartiSvili.<br />
70-ian wlebSi axalgazrda Semoqmedni cdiloben ganazogadon<br />
Tanamedroveobis problemebi, isini axali TvalTaxedviT dgamen rogorc<br />
klasikur nawarmoebebs, ise Tanamedrove avtorTa piesebs. es tendenciebi<br />
gansakuTrebiT kargad gamovlinda reJisorebis _ robert sturuas, Temur<br />
CxeiZis, gizo Jordanias, giga lorTqifaniZis, gogi qavTaraZis, nana<br />
xatiskacisa da sxvaTa SemoqmedebaSi.<br />
qarTulma Teatrma farTo aRiareba moipova saerTaSoriso arenaze.<br />
moskovSi didi warmateba xvda wilad robert sturuas mier dadgmuli<br />
29
ertold brextis `kavkasiur carcis wres~ (1975), Seqspiris `riCard III-s~<br />
(1976), giga lorqifaniZis reJisorobiT dadgmul sofokles `oidipos<br />
mefes~ (1978) da sxva speqtaklebs.<br />
Tanamedrove <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatri warmatebiT agrZelebs Tavis<br />
saqmianobas. Seiqmna bevri axali Teatri, rac imis mauwyebelia, rom<br />
Tanamedrove sazogadoebisaTvis Teatri iseTive mniSvnelovani da<br />
aucilebelia, rogoric es wlebis win iyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
Tanamedrove adamianis yofaSi Teatris adgili masobrivma saSualebebma<br />
daikava, Teatrs mainc rCeba Tavisi mTavari funqcia _ adamians<br />
Seacnobinos samyaro da sakuTari Tavi. `xelovnebis zegavleniT samyaros<br />
ver Secvli, magram sakuTar Tavs namdvilad gardaqmni. da Tu yvela<br />
Secvlis Tavis Tavs, maSin xom adamianTa samyaroc sxvanairi iqneba.<br />
amitom xelovnebis mTavari daniSnulebaa, Seacnobinos adamians sakuTari<br />
Tavi, aRmoaCeninos is, rac masSi adamianuria da es daafasos yvelaze<br />
metad~ (uruSaZe 1999, 20).<br />
30
Tavi II<br />
qarTul Teatralur terminTa Seswavlis<br />
istoriisaTvis<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi dasturdeba jer kidev Zvel qarTul<br />
originalursa da naTargmn ZeglebSi, istoriul wyaroebsa da<br />
dokumentebSi. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi moiZieba sasuliero<br />
literaturaSic. marto `didi Sjulis kanonSi~ Semonaxulia uamravi<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini (mag.: Teatroni, saxioba, maxeobeli, saxilveli,<br />
saxedveli, meaCrdile da sxva), `udabnos mravalTavma~ Semogvinaxa<br />
terminebi: mlalveli (`mebrZoli, moCxubari~), momanqaneba (`eSmakoba,<br />
xerxis, fandis xmareba~), am terminTa umravlesoba dRes miviwyebulia.<br />
Zvel qarTulSi arsebuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi dafiqsirebulia i.<br />
abulaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikonSi~, z. sarjvelaZis `Zveli<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikonsa~ da `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis sityvis konaSi~,<br />
agreTve `agiografiuli Zeglebis simfonia-leqsikonsa~ da Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
Zeglebis sxvadasxva simfonia-leqsikonebSi. faqtobrivad, Cveni kvlevis<br />
ZiriTad wyaros Zvel qarTulSi warmoadgens originalur da naTargmn<br />
ZeglebSi, aseve zemoT dasaxelebul leqsikonebSi Tavmoyrili,<br />
Teatralur xelovnebasTan dakavSirebuli sityvebi da terminebi.<br />
sulxan-sabas `sityvis konaSi~ ganmartebulia saTeatro<br />
xelovnebaSi gamoyenebuli sityvebi, bevri saintereso <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
termini, nasesxeb formebs ki miTiTebuli aqvs warmomavloba. mag.: `mimosi<br />
(+37 lavsakon ZAa) [A-a54, 312 r, a 14] moTamaSe kaci, romeli iqms<br />
sakvirvelebaTa da ZnelebTa ara grZnebiTa, ara ÃelovnebiTa ZA. mimosi<br />
ars kacni, romelni iqman Zliersa da sakvirvelsa saqmesa ara grZnebiTa,<br />
aramed ÃelovnebiTa ZA. mimosi ars kacni, romelni iqman Zliersa da<br />
sakvirvelsa saqmesa ara grZnebiTa, aramed Ãelo(v)nebiTa, rameTu qoCorTa<br />
TvisTa maleTa cxenTa gamoibmen da sxva kaci aRjdeba, ganabnevs da cxeni<br />
daecema (daecemis Cb) da mimosi ara SeiZrvis, kvalad TavTa TxemTa zeda<br />
(Tvissa D) grdemlTa daideben da zedan mWedelni WurWelTa iqmonen da<br />
31
eseviTarTa mravalTa sakvirvelebaTa iqmonen anu maxvilebiTa gina sxviTa<br />
(+ kvalad masxara Cb) CD. 4 noembris svinaqsari: [1156w]. `mgosnobaTa da<br />
sxvaTa memRerTa kicxevaTa da basrobaTa da eseviTarTa amaT gancxromaTa<br />
da mimosobaTa Sina uaRres iyo yovelTa sworTa~ E. (saba 1991, 483).<br />
sabas SemCneuli aqvs erTi da imave fuZisgan sxvadasxva afiqsebiT<br />
nawarmoeb terminTa Soris semantikuri gansxvaveba. aseve aqvs mcdeloba<br />
terminis erTmniSvnelobianobis damkvidrebisaken mcire formobrivi<br />
koreqciis gziT; Sdr. momRerali da momReri.<br />
Teimuraz bagrations (1782-1846) Tavis leqsikonSi `wignni<br />
leqsikonni~ 60-ze meti saTeatro sanaxaobrivi termini aqvs damowmebuli.<br />
misi saleqsikono muSaoba <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebis kuTxiT im mxrivac<br />
aris saintereso, rom Teimuraz bagrations miewereba originaluri<br />
patriotuli piesis _ `samsaxeoba raindisa-s~ _ avtoroba. yovel<br />
SemTxvevaSi, am piesis dedani, mcire zomis xelnaweri wigni, misi<br />
gadawerilia da pirvelsave gverdze grigol dadianisadmi miZRvnil<br />
mimarTvaSi piesis Janrobrivi mikuTvnebuloba, dramaturgiuli struqtura<br />
da SemsrulebelTa aRmniSvneli im periodis terminebia warmodgenili:<br />
`sasaxiobo ese wigni~; `sasaxiobe aligorebri~; `saTeatro saxioba~;<br />
`Semdgomsa amas Sina furcelsa moqmedTa saxiobisa amis mimosTa (ese igi<br />
msaxiobelTa) magaliTisa warmomadgenelTaTvis TviTeuli aRiwerebian<br />
pirni~ (iordaniSvili 1947, 4).<br />
amis gareSec, miCneulia, rom <strong>qarTuli</strong> leqsikografiis istoriaSi<br />
Teimuraz bagrationi erTgvari SemaerTebeli xidia sabasa da<br />
CubinaSvilebs Soris (SaraZe, 1979, 3). amdenad, leqsikonSi damowmebuli<br />
masala sayuradReboa maSindeli <strong>Teatraluri</strong> cxovrebis, <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
termonologiis Seswavla – gagebasa da damkvidrebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
Teimuraz bagrationis leqsikonSi dasturdeba iseTi <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
terminebi, romelTac sabaseuli ganmartebebi, an sabas ganmartebebze<br />
agebuli met-naklebad gavrcelebuli da Sevsebuli axsna axlavs.<br />
zogjer Teimurazi mTlianad imeorebs ama Tu im sityvis<br />
ganmartebas. mag.: leqsema buki sabasTanac da Teimuraz bagrationTanac<br />
32
identurad ganimarteba `sayviri didi~, magram Teimurazs damatebuli aqvs:<br />
`sayviri didi + <strong>qarTuli</strong> leqsia. sammusikveli sakravi, tkbil-xmovani +<br />
sayviri + truba, sakravi...~.<br />
gvxvdeba agreTve erTi da igive sityva fonetikurad odnav<br />
gansxvavebuli formiT, Tumca Tvisebrivad msgavsi gameorebiT<br />
momRerali/momReralni.<br />
erTnairadaa ganmartebuli sabasTanac da Semdgom Teimuraz<br />
bagrationTanac: lodbari `sruli mgalobeli~.<br />
moaspareze `asparezSi wvrTili (TeimurazTan: wurTili), tinbani<br />
(saba//tinbana Cab) `laTinurad ebani~, ebani `dafi~ (Teimuraz<br />
bagrationTan ganmartebaSi `lirac~ aris damatebuli, Sdr. sabaseul D<br />
variantSi: ebani `daira~); sabasTan barbiTi `muRni ~ ZABCD (Sdr.: E Zali),<br />
Teimuraz bagrationTan es ganmarteba gavrcobilia: barbiTi... muRi da nei<br />
ars. didi salamuri banis xmiTa ikvris. sparspeTsa Sinaca ician ese da<br />
saqarTveloSiac icnoben...~ (Teimuraz bagrationi, 1979, 27).<br />
sabas mixedviT, Jiri omonimuri sityvaa: `Jiri ese ars Saqari anu<br />
Taflwyali, Jirad iTqmis sakravTa zali msxirpnesa boxs(a) saSualoca~.<br />
T. bagrations sityva mxolod am mniSvnelobiT aqvs damowmebuli: Jiri<br />
sakrav Zali msxirpnesa da boxs saSuali~ (iqve, 1979, 105).<br />
saTeatro <strong>terminologia</strong> vrclad aris warmodgenili niko da daviT<br />
CubinaSvilebis leqsikonebSic. leqsikur erTeulebad Setanilia<br />
saTeatro xelovnebisTvis mniSvnelovani cnebebis ganmartebebi.<br />
gansamartav masalas miwerili aqvs rusuli Sesatyvisebi. miTiTebulia is<br />
wyaroebi, romlebSic es formebi gvxvdeba, mag.: `mRera (vimReri, vmRerob)<br />
msofliuri galoba, simRera, петь, песни, распевать. //TamaSoba (iq naxe)<br />
(fsal.113,4 da Semdgomi: vefxist. 11, 83, 326), играть, взыграть, скакать, игра.<br />
//(vemReri) agdeba, kicxeva, dacineba (mat. 27, 29), ругаться, насмехаться,<br />
издеваться.~ (n. CubinaSvili 1961, 303).<br />
XIX saukuneSi, <strong>qarTuli</strong> profesiuli Teatris daarsebis Semdeg,<br />
iqmneba rogorc originaluri, aseve Targmnili da gadmokeTebuli<br />
piesebi, Sesabamisad, <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi aisaxeba am<br />
33
periodis teqstebSi, Jurnal-gazeTebis enaSi, sxvadasxva saxis<br />
dokumentebSi, sazogado moRvaweTa mimoweraSi. am periodis saTeatro<br />
xelovnebaSi Semodis (evropuli enebidan, ZiriTadad _ rusulis<br />
meSveobiT) bevri ucxouri termini. am periodSi saqme gvaqvs terminTa<br />
spontanur Seqmnasa (rogorc sakuTari, aseve nasesxebi terminebis) da<br />
enaSi mis damkvidrebasTan, bunebrivia, rom am etapze <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
terminologiis mecnierulad kvleva jer ar dawyebula.<br />
Teatralur terminologiis mecnieruli kvleva ZiriTadad XX<br />
saukuneSi daiwyo. <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris istorias mecnierebi sxvadasxva<br />
kuTxiT swavlobdnen: arqeologebi arqeologiuri monapovris mixedviT<br />
cdilobdnen antikuri da Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> xalxuri <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
sanaxaobebis daxasiaTebas, eTnografebi _ eTnografiul masalaze<br />
dayrdnobiT, istorikosebi saqarTvelosa da msoflio <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
xelovnebis istoriis WrilSi ganixilavdnen <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris sakiTxebs;<br />
Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>ze momuSave qarTveli enaTmecnierebi<br />
ikvlevdnen zogadad Teatralur terminebs: etimologias, mkvidroba-<br />
nasesxobas, warmoebis Taviseburebebs da maTs semantikas. araerTi<br />
qarTveli lingvisti Sexebia sxvadasxva Teatralur termins, maT Soris<br />
ak. SaniZe da arn. Ciqobava.<br />
Zvel qarTul Teatralur terminebs intensiurad ikvlevda didi<br />
qarTveli istorikosi ivane javaxiSvili. Tavis wignSi `<strong>qarTuli</strong> musikis<br />
istoriis ZiriTad sakiTxebi~ mkvlevari Seexo ara marto musikalur<br />
terminebs, aramed warmoadgina bevri <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminis mecnieruli<br />
analizi, radgan Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi xelovneba sinTezuri<br />
xelovnebaa da moicavs musikalur xelovnebasac, xolo Zvel<br />
saqarTveloSi xelovnebis am or dargs Soris kavSiri ufro mWidro iyo.<br />
mecnierma warmoadgina mravali saintereso Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi<br />
terminis mniSvnelobisa da etimologiis sakuTari xedva. magaliTad,<br />
mRera – TamaSobis semantikuri mimarTebis garkvevisas (ix. qvemoT),<br />
mkvlevari Znoba _ mZnobaris Tavdapirvel semantikazedac miuTiTebs. misi<br />
azriT, mZnobari Tavdapirvelad mocekvaveTa gunds niSnavda `daaxloebiT<br />
34
XI saukunemde, xolo am droidan moyolebuli, Znoba ukve musikasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli Cans... Znoba musikis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba d.<br />
guramiSvilTan.<br />
`aqebdiTo RmerTs yovelni sulni cxovelni,<br />
xarTo misi arsobis purisa mTxovelni:<br />
fsalmuniT, ebniT, winwiliTa keTil-xmiTa,<br />
ZnobiTa, orRanoTa, bobRniT, mwyobris TqmiTa~.<br />
35<br />
(guramiSvili 1980, 313)<br />
raki gamoirkva, rom Znoba, Znobari gundobrivi cnebis gamomxatveli<br />
yofila, safiqrebelia, rom igi imave Ziris sityvaa, rac Zna, romelic,<br />
sabas ganmartebiT, `yanis kona~-s niSnavs. amis gamo SeiZleboda gvefiqra,<br />
rom Znoba ferxulisa da ferxisa-is msgavsi xelCakidebuli Sdr. `mobmiT~<br />
rokvisa,MmZnobari ki mrokvelTa gundis aRmniSvneli yofiliyo<br />
Tavdapirvelad. rogorc wyoba-sagan mwyobri iyo nawarmoebi, aseve Znoba-<br />
sagan m- _ - ar konfiqsis darTviT mZnobari da mZnobri unda iyos<br />
warmomdgari.<br />
`rusul-qarTul leqsikonSi~ Zna asea axsnili: `Сноп _ Zna 1. gadat.<br />
kona _ сноп лучей _ sxivTkona; Упал как сноп _ moceliliviT daeca.<br />
rusul enaSi Znis 2 mniSvneloba dasturdeba, erTi ZiriTadi, meore<br />
ki gadataniTi: `Сноп, - а. м. 1. Связка сжатых с теблей с колосьями с. 2. перен.<br />
Излучение в виде лучей, искр, исходящих из одного центра. С лучей// прил.<br />
сноповый, - ая, - ое ~ (Ожегов, 1963. стр. 728).<br />
`rusuli enis etimologiur leqsikonSi~ asea: `Сноп «повязка» , Sdr.:<br />
z. g. snuobili ср. р. «цепочка»...~ (Фасмер, 1987).<br />
Снопъ... связка, стебла, солома, прутья, связанные толстым руком. (Даль,1987<br />
стр. 247). sainteresoa, am ukanasknelis ganmarteba `Снопъ - ... связанные<br />
толстым руком~. es ucxoenovani paraleli semantikuri gadasvlisa: Сноп<br />
`Zna~ Сноп, `повязка~ ... amagrebs varauds qarT. Znoba, mZnobri leqsemebis<br />
Zna sityvidan warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. Sdr.: Zv. qarT. Zneuli `kona, Zna~.
SesaZlebelia, Zvel qarTulSi Zna/Znobis erT-erTi mniSvneloba<br />
xelixelCakidebul, gundur cekvasTan yofiliyo dakavSirebuli, rogorc<br />
amas ivane javaxiSvili miuTiTebs. misive cnobiT, Znoba da Znobari<br />
(mZnobri) uZveles xanaSi umTavresad Ggundobriobis cnebasTan yofila<br />
dakavSirebuli da ufro sarwmunoebrivi cekvis SemsrulebelTa gundebs<br />
gulisxmobda, magram, `raki yoveli aseTi rokva, Cveulebriv, galoba-<br />
sakravebis ayolebiT icodnen, amitom mgalobelTa gundis<br />
aRmniSvneladac qceula~ (javaxiSvili 1938, 50-52).<br />
mecnierma warmogvidgina Zvel qarTulSi dadasturebuli sinonimuri<br />
terminebis _ mutribisa da momRerlis mniSvnelobaTa urTierTmimarTeba:<br />
`ra gansxvaveba iyo mutribsa da momRerals Soris realurad, imas garda,<br />
rom pirveli amaTgani arabuli sityvaa, meore ki _ namdvili <strong>qarTuli</strong>,<br />
mutrib arabulad gamarTobels, gamamxiarulebels, musikos-damkvrels,<br />
momReralsaca da mocekvavesac niSnavs. amaTgan pirveli ori am terminis<br />
ZiriTadi mniSvnelobaa.<br />
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom me-12 saukuneSi momRerali umTavresad<br />
ukve xmiT mgalobelsa niSnavda, SesaZlebelia gvefiqra, rom mutribi<br />
momRerlisagan egebis imiT gansxvavdeboda, rom is erTsa da imave dros<br />
damkvrelica da momReralic iyo~ (javaxiSvili 1938, 50-52).<br />
iv. javaxiSvilma warmoadgina (dRes Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si<br />
farTod gavrcelebul) termin dasis mniSvnelobis cvlilebac. misi<br />
azriT, gundi da dasi, `dabadebis~ <strong>qarTuli</strong> Targmanebis sxvadasxva<br />
redaqciebis mixedviT, sinonimebad moCanan...<br />
`mwyobris calkeuls wevrs memwyobre ewodeboda, iseve rogorc<br />
dasis wevrsac modase erqva. orive termini SavTelis SesxmaSia naxmari:<br />
`wmidaT memwyobre, maTTan mosagre, zecisa ZalTa xar modaseca...<br />
arc gundi da arc dasi <strong>qarTuli</strong> sityvebi ar aris. pirveli<br />
somxurSic moipoveba da fahlauriTgan uSualod, anda somxuris gziT<br />
SeTvisebuli unda iyos, meorec Zvel somxurSic arsebobda da bevr sxva<br />
enaSic...<br />
36
sagulisxmoa, rom dasi qarTul musikis terminad ki ar iqca, aramed<br />
Teatris terminologiisaTvis iqmna gamoyenebuli, gundi mxolod<br />
momReralTa nakrebis aRmniSvnel sityvad iqmna miCneuli da Zvelma<br />
qarTulma musikalurma <strong>terminologia</strong>m ufro zogadi cnebis<br />
gamosaxatavad marto mwyobri SeinarCuna~ (javaxiSvili 1938, 234-235).<br />
iv. javaxiSvilis gamokvlevebma uaRresad mniSvnelovani roli<br />
Seasrula <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminologiis Seswavlis saqmeSi.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebis etimologiur kvlevas awarmoebda<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris istorikosi dimitri janeliZec. amgvari kvlevis erT-<br />
erTi nimuSia `berikoba-yeenobis~ erT-erTi mTavari moqmedi piris berika/<br />
`beri-s~ etimologiis Zieba. mecnieri askvnis: `iv. javaxiSvilisa da arn.<br />
Ciqobavas Sromebze damyarebulma kvleva-Ziebam safuZveli mogvca<br />
dagvedgina sanaxaobis moqmedi `beri~ rogorc uZvelesi xanis totemur-<br />
miTur-misteriuli gardasaxvis gadmonaSTi. `beri~ Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong>T<br />
Svilis aRmniSvnelia: iaberi, Wiaberi, kaxaberi, xuWuberi, da sxv. TviT es<br />
gvarebi (iaberi _ iaSvili) maniSnebelia, rom `beri~, garda adamianis<br />
Svilisa, mcenareulis gamonayofisa da cxovelis naSobis aRmniSvnelic<br />
unda yofiliyo. rogorc iv. javaxiSvils aqvs garkveuli, es garemoeba<br />
naxevari wlis Zroxis aRmniSvnel `barakeul~-Siac aris daculi `beras~<br />
fonetikuri saxesxvaobiT _ `bara~. `bel~ Ziridan sagulisxmebelia<br />
sityvaTwarmoeba `dabelva~, rac norCi totebis gamosatanad xes rom Zvel<br />
totebs SeaWrian, imis aRmniSvnelia~ (janeliZe 1980, 21).<br />
beris Sesaxeb uaRresad saintereso gamokvleva ekuTvnis g. klimovs:<br />
`* bher «ребенок» (ср. алб. bir «сын») ~ лазск. bere «ребенок, сын». В других<br />
картвельских языках слово отсутствует (хотя его следы нередко усматриваются как в<br />
мегрелъских, так и грузинских фамильных именах). Его заимствованный характер<br />
признает А. С. Чикобава, предполагающий, что усвоение лексемы – факт далекого<br />
прошлого, когда лазы обитали не на нынешних местах расселения, а значительно южнее.<br />
Встречающемуся сопоставлению слова с чечен. , ингуш. ber «ребенок» мешает не только<br />
отсутствие промежуточных звеньев, но и то обстоятельство, что последняя форма<br />
исторически восходит к более пространной * bader (cp. бацб. bader «ребенок» при бацб.<br />
37
“abik «ложка» ~ чечен. hajg, бацб. qadal «самка» ~ чечен. qal и т. д). («Этимология 1979»;<br />
1981, 169-170).<br />
Semdgom wlebSi Teatralur terminTa kvleva gaagrZeles sxva<br />
qarTvelma mecnierebmac, calkeuli terminebis Sesaxeb gamokvlevebi<br />
ekuTvniT: k. kekeliZes, il. abulaZes, tr. ruxaZesa da sxv.<br />
saintereso gamokvleva ekuTvnis ineza kiknaZes termin `mesaxieni-s~<br />
Sesaxeb, romelic Teimuraz batoniSvilis piesaSi `samsaxeoba raindisa-<br />
Si~ gvxvdeba. am sityvas pirvelad dimitri janeliZem miaqcia yuradReba<br />
da miuTiTa, rom mesaxie ucnobia <strong>qarTuli</strong> leqsikonebisTvis.<br />
i. kiknaZem daaskvna, rom forma gamWirvalea: sa-x-i(v) fuZes daerTvis<br />
konfiqsebi me- _ -e, mo- _ -e ma- _ -e. Tumca teqstSi sityva oden nar-iani<br />
mravlobiTiT warmogvidgeba: mesaxive-n-i, mesaxie-n-i,//masaxie-n-i,<br />
mxoloobiTi ricxvisaTvis gvavaraudebinebs mesaxive > mesaxie//mosaxie<br />
//masaxie formebs; xolo sityvaSi warmoCenili –iv, (_ev) formanti x-ev, x-<br />
iv fuZesa da saxioba, (sa-x-iv-ob-a, sa-x-ev-ob-a) terminTan me-sa-x-iv-e-n-is<br />
kavSirze miuTiTebs... mesaxiveni, mesaxieni//masaxieni//mosaxieni igive<br />
`maxiobelTa dasia~, mesaxie an dasis wevria.<br />
Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> maxiobeli, saxiobeli,/msaxiobeli, T. batoniSvilis<br />
piesis mesaxie, dialeqtSi dafiqsirebuli mexeve (mexeveni) da mgalobeli<br />
sinonimuri cnebebia. mesaxiven-sa da mexevenSi sruli saxiT aris daculi<br />
uZvelesi zmnuri fuZe xev-/xiv, romlis erT-erTi mniSvnelobaa `xmis<br />
gamocema~, RaRad-yofa~, `galoba~ (kiknaZe 2005, 184-191).<br />
saintereso mosazrebebi warmoadgina eTnomusikologma manana<br />
SilakaZem wignSi `tradiciuli samusiko sakravebi da qarTul-<br />
Crdilokavkasiuri eTnokulturuli urTierTobani~. mecnieri Seexo iseTi<br />
terminebs, rogoricaa: fanduri, Zali, ebani, Cangi da a. S. `musikaluri<br />
termini fanduri bevr enaSi gvxvdeba simebiani sakravis aRmniSvnelad.<br />
qarTulad fanduri ewodeba Camosakrav, yel-muclian sakravs. msgavsi<br />
sakravebi analogiuri da monaTesave saxelwodebebiT cnobilia kavkasiis<br />
sxva xalxebSic, agreTve evropasa da aziaSi (CeCnur-inguSuri deCig-<br />
fondur, osuri fandir, somxuri fandirn, azerbaijanuli fandara da a.S.<br />
38
garda ama Tu im <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminis kvlevisa Teatralur<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong>Si udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba Teatrmcodneebisa Tu<br />
Teatris istorikosebis: naTela uruSaZis, vasil kiknaZis, nodar<br />
gurabaniZisa da sxvaTa naSromebs.<br />
miuxedavad calkeuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebis kvlevisa, <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> <strong>terminologia</strong> monografiulad dRemde ar aris Seswavlili.<br />
39
Tavi III<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminologiis semantikuri veli da Tematuri<br />
jgufebi<br />
`leqsika iyofa mravalferovan, sxvadasxva safuZvelze agebul da<br />
sxvadasxvagvarad organizebul dajgufebebad, romlebic dakavSirebulia<br />
erTmaneTTan da qmnian enis erTian leqsikur sistemas~ (gamyreliZe da<br />
sxv. 2003, 353). am sistemaSi gamoiyofa semantikuri velebic.<br />
`sityvaTa semantikuri mimarTebebi erTmaneTTan, romelsac<br />
Rirebuleba ewodeba, unda vikvlioT erTi semantikuri velis farglebSi~<br />
(nebieriZe 2003, 215). semantikur velebSi aisaxeba aRsaniSni faqtebis<br />
cnebiTi, sagnobrivi da funqciuri msgavseba. isini aerTianeben ara<br />
leqsemebs, aramed calkeul semantemebs. erTsa da imave semantikur velSi<br />
erTiandeba sxvadasxva struqturuli klasebis wevri leqsemebis<br />
mniSvnelobebi... (gamyreliZe 2003, 349). enis leqsikuri fondidan SeiZleba<br />
gamovyoT naTesaobis, adamianis sxeulis nawilebis, adamianis Sinagan<br />
mdgomareobaTa, moqmedebis, drois, sivrcis, raodenobis, feris, florisa,<br />
faunisa da sxva velebi. semantikuri velebi ar aris Caketili. nebismieri<br />
ori semantikuri veli dakavSirebulia erTmaneTTan. SeiZleba erTi<br />
semantema gadavides meore semantikur velSi da piriqiT. TiToeul<br />
semantikur velSi gamoiyofa semantikuri qveklasebi, leqsikur-<br />
semantikuri jgufebi,Qqvevelebi, romlebic erTi da imave struqturuli<br />
klasis semantikurad monaTesave leqsemebs aerTianeben. mag.: moqmedebis<br />
aRmniSvneli zmnebi, metyvelebis zmnebi, sixarulis gamomxatveli<br />
arsebiTi saxelebi da a. S. mimarTebebi sityvebs Soris myardeba erTi<br />
semantikuri velis SigniT.<br />
`velebis SemadgenlobaSi gamoiyofa birTvuli (centraluri) da<br />
periferiuli zona. centrisa da periferiis gansxvaveba enis<br />
universaluri Tvisebaa, romelic sxvadasxva aspeqtSi vlindeba.<br />
centrisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia tipobrivi modelebi, formebi da<br />
mniSvnelobebi, periferiisaTvis _ sxva dajgufebisa Tu kategoriis<br />
40
momijnave, Sualeduri formebi da mniSvnelobebi, tipobrivi<br />
modelebisagan gadaxra~ (gamyreliZe 2003, 349).<br />
L leqsika velis SigniT cvalebadia, magram leqsikis cvlileba<br />
semantikur velebs ver auqmebs. `Tu enis leqsika mowesrigebuli<br />
simravlis STabeWdilebas tovebs, es mxolod imitom, rom semantikur<br />
velebsa da mis wevrebs Soris an TviTon semantikur velebs Soris<br />
subordinaciis mimarTeba gvaqvs~ (nebieriZe 2003, 218).<br />
`mTelisa~ da `nawilis~, `obieqtisa da misi funqciis~, agreTve<br />
GgvareobiT-saxeobiTi mimarTebebi vlindeba leqsemaTa (umTavresad _<br />
arsebiTi saxelebis) Tematur (ideografiul, cnebiT) jgufebSi, romlebic<br />
eqstralingvistur safuZvelze gamoiyofa (maTi wevrebi semantikurad<br />
monaTesave leqsemebs ar warmoadgenen)~ (gamyreliZe 2003, 351).<br />
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, saliteraturo enis leqsika iyofa<br />
semantikur velebad, <strong>terminologia</strong> saerTo enis specifikuri leqsikis<br />
kuTvnilebas warmoadgens da, ra Tqma unda, <strong>terminologia</strong>Sic gamoiyofa<br />
garkveuli semantikuri velebi. sxvadasxva dargis terminologiisaTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebelia sxvadasxva semantikuri velebis arseboba, rac<br />
ganpirobebulia konkretuli dargis specifikiT, misTvis niSandoblivi<br />
cnebebiTa da mniSvnelobebiT.<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> <strong>terminologia</strong> warmoadgens zogadad xelovnebis<br />
terminologiis erT semantikur vels. am semantikuri velis farglebSi<br />
ufro marTebuli iqneba <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminologiis Tematur<br />
jgufebad dayofa.<br />
41
literaturis<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong><br />
kinoxelovnebis<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong><br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>terminologia</strong><br />
xelovnebis <strong>terminologia</strong><br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
<strong>terminologia</strong><br />
42<br />
musikis<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong><br />
saxviTi xelovnebis<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong>
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi Tematur jgufebad davyaviT Semdegnairad:<br />
erT Tematur jgufSi gavaerTianeT mniSvnelobis TvalsazrisiT met-<br />
naklebad daaxloebuli terminebi Tu sityvebi, anu terminebis dajgufeba<br />
ideografiul principze davafuZneT. mag.: msaxiobis Tematur jgufSi<br />
Semavali terminebisTvis ZiriTadad saerTo is aris, rom isini<br />
mniSvnelobis TvalsazrisiT ufro msaxiobs ukavSirdebian.<br />
TiToeuli Tematuri jgufis SigniT movaqcieT Zveli da axali<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi. radgan leqsikuri fondis dayofa Tematur<br />
jgufebad subieqtur faqtorebs efuZneba, jerjerobiT SemuSavebuli ar<br />
aris sityvaTa Tematuri dajgufebis sayovelTaod gaziarebuli<br />
principebi. amitom ramdeni avtoricaa, imdengvari dajgufeba gvaqvs.<br />
TiToeul klasifikaciaSi didi adgili uWiravs subieqtur moments da<br />
mravalricxovania gamonaklisebi (foCxua 1974, 146).<br />
qarTul Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si gamovyofT cxra Tematur<br />
jgufs:<br />
1. msaxiobis Tematuri jgufi: agoni, adaptacia, akrobati, amplua,<br />
angaJementi, ansambli, aparti, araprofesionali msaxiobi, artisti,<br />
asparezi, aqti, aqtiori, afeqti, aSuRi, balerina, barba, benefisi,<br />
berika, bomoloxi, boxiganga, bufoni, bufi, brecia, gamosvla,<br />
gansaxiereba, gardasaxva, gastroli, gastroliori, gascenureba,<br />
gaSarJeba, glovis mgosani, grandami, grandkoketi, guga, gumoza,<br />
gundi, gusan-mimosi, dasi, daStampva, debiutanti, deklamatori,<br />
deklamacia, dialogi, diafonia, diqcia, dubli, dublaJi,<br />
dubliori, dueti, ekrani, ekranizacia, epizoduri roli, epilogi,<br />
43
efeqti, eqspozicia, eqscentriada, eqscentriki, eqscentrika,<br />
vagantebi, vertepi, TamaSi, iluzia, imitacia, imitatori,<br />
improvizatori, improvizacia, improvizireba, inscenireba, memuRame,<br />
memRere, memusike, menafire, menaRare, mestvire, metyveleba, mewyobre,<br />
mzvelavi, mTavari roli, mimika, mimosi, monologi, muSaiTi,<br />
partniori, plastika, profesionali msaxiobi, Jongliori, remarka,<br />
roli (rols aqvs dasawyisi, Sua nawili da bolo, sxvagvarad:<br />
debiuti, mitelSpili da endSpili), sarolo rveuli, saxasiaTo<br />
msaxiobi, speqtakli, scenuri saxe, Seyvana da sxv.<br />
2. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> nagebobisa da teqnikuri momsaxurebis Tematuri<br />
jgufi:<br />
am jgufSi erTiandeba Semdegi terminebi: abonementi, abonenti,<br />
administratori, avanloJa, avanscena, amatori, amfiTeatri, anonsi,<br />
antraqti, antrepreniori, antrepriza, anturaJi, anSlagi,<br />
arierscena, asistenti, asociacia, asparezi, auditoria, afiSa, aqti,<br />
balagani, balkoni, beletaJi, benuari, bileTi, bogirbani, butafori,<br />
butaforia, gala, gamnaTebeli, gansacxromeli, garderobi,<br />
garderobmaisteri, gasaxdeli, grandopera, dadgma, darbazi, eorema,<br />
vestibiuli, videoCanaweri, zeda scena, Teatroni, iarusi,<br />
impresario, intendanti, klaka, kulisi, menejeri, mecenati, parteri,<br />
prodiuseri, repertuari, rampa, saxedveli, saxilveli, speqtakli,<br />
scena, utevani, foie, qandara, winadarbazi da sxv.<br />
3. dramaturgiis Tematuri jgufi: arlekinada, auto, dialogi, drama,<br />
epizodi, Tema, komedia, komentarebi, monologi, moqmedeba, moqmedi<br />
piri//personaJi, piesa, piri, remarka, teqsti, tragedia, tragi-<br />
komedia, qveteqsti da sxv.<br />
44
4. <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> sanaxaobis Tematuri jgufi: berikaoba,<br />
gancxroma, godeba (tragedia), zuelva, saxioba, yeenoba.<br />
5. reJisoris Tematuri jgufi: ansambluroba, bataluri scena, dadgma,<br />
dialoguri scena, karnavali, kolizia, masobrivi scenebi, mTavari<br />
reJisori, mizanscena, reJisori, reJisoris asistenti, sareJisoro<br />
rveuli, speqtakli da sxv.<br />
6. scenografiis Tematuri jgufi: avlea, anturaJi, arlekini, aJuruli,<br />
aqsesuari, butaforia, ganaTeba, `gverdiTi jibeebi~, grimasa, grimi,<br />
grimireba, dekoratori, dekoracia, konstruqcia, rekviziti,<br />
sadekoracio sawyobi, scena, scenebi, Suqis gamoTiSva, CanarTi da<br />
sxv.<br />
7. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> musikis Tematuri jgufi: akompanementi, alilo,<br />
barbiTi, bobRani, buki, gaxmovaneba, daira, dafi, dafdafi,<br />
diTirambi, diriJori, diplipito, diskanti, disonansi, doli,<br />
duduki, duri, evfonia, valdopera, variacia, interpretacia,<br />
kakafonia, mRera, naRara, simRera, xma da sxv.<br />
8. qoreografiis Tematuri jgufi: bal-maskaradi, baxti, buqna,<br />
gastibube, gogmani (sandomiani Cqari rokva _ sulxan-saba), davla,<br />
davluri, mebaxte (ucxoebT mrokavni _ sulxan-saba), moZraoba,<br />
mrguali, plastika, samaia, cekva, SuSpari da sxva.<br />
45
9. mayurebelis Tematuri jgufi: aplodismenti, binokli, bis, bravo,<br />
bravisimo, Tayvanismcemeli, Teatrali, Teatrmcodne, lorneti,<br />
menoage (Teatr.) _ sasaxlis gasarTobi `saxiobis~ msmenel-<br />
mayurebeli (Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> termini), mWvreteli, warmodgena da<br />
sxva.<br />
zogierTi termini meordeba sxvadasxva Tematur jgufSi, mag.: remarka<br />
Sedis rogorc msaxiobis Tematur jgufSi, ise dramaturgiis Tematur<br />
jgufSi; anturaJi _ rogorc <strong>Teatraluri</strong> nagebobisa da teqnikuri<br />
momsaxurebis Tematur jgufSi, ise scenografiis Tematur jgufSi da<br />
a.S. termini remarka mniSvnelobis TvalsazrisiT dakavSirebulia<br />
rogorc msaxiobTan, aseve dramaturgiasTan, aqedan gamomdinare<br />
bunebrivia, am terminebis Tanxvedra orive velSi.<br />
46
Tavi IV<br />
Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi terminebi Zvelsa da saSual<br />
qarTulSi<br />
$1. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> nagebobis aRmniSvnel termin `Teatris~<br />
sinonimebi Zvel qarTulSi<br />
Zvel qarTulSi _ rogorc naTargmn, ise originalur teqstebSi _<br />
gvxvdeba termini Teatron-i (//Tiatroni) _ `wariyvanes igi Teatronad~ [m.<br />
cx. 337 r] `Teatroni ese sawadeli smenis-moyvare ars~ [b. kes. _ equs. dR.<br />
106, 16]; `sargebel geyos igi ufroÁs xilvasa Tiatronisasa~ [m. sw. 51, 8.]<br />
_ (abulaZe 1973, 179).<br />
moyvanili ilustraciebis mixedviT, termini Teatroni<br />
polisemiuria, mas gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobebi udasturdeba. pirvel<br />
magaliTSi Teatroni sanaxaobaTaTvis gankuTvnili adgilis aRmniSvnelia,<br />
xolo danarCen orSi es termini zogadad sanaxaobas gulisxmobs. termini<br />
Teatroni ufro zustad aris ganmartebuli `<strong>qarTuli</strong> agiografiuli<br />
Zeglebis simfonia _ leqsikonSi~. `Teatron-i _ sanaxaoba, sanaxaobis<br />
adgili. iqmna Teatron angelozTa da kacTa [III 169, 23.]; grZnobadTa<br />
naTelTa Teatron angelozTa da kacTa wyobasa Sina... ganakÂrvna [290, 35].<br />
Teatroni didi iqmna winaSe marzapnisa [I 244, 28] (qarT. agiogr. Zegl.<br />
simf. leqs. 2005, 385).<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, termini Teatroni <strong>Teatraluri</strong> nagebobis<br />
aRmniSvnelia ax. w.-is VI saukunis bizantieli istorikosis prokofi<br />
kesarielis TxzulebaSi. avtori kolxeTis qalaq afsarus Sesaxeb wers:<br />
`es qalaqi Zvelad mravalmcxovrebiani yofila, mas garSemo uvlida<br />
mravali kedeli da Semkuli iyo TeatroniTa da ipodromiTa da mas<br />
mravali sxva ramec hqonda, rac, Cveulebriv, qalaqis sididis<br />
momaswavebelia. amJamad aqedan sxva araferia darCenili, garda naSenobaTa<br />
saZirkvlebisa~ (janeliZe 1965, 79).<br />
47
SesaZlebelia, saqarTvelos teritoriaze agebuli Teatri Zveli<br />
berZnuli Teatris msgavsi yofiliyos.<br />
`Греческий театр представлял собой открытое здание огромнейших размеров.<br />
Сцена состояла из длинной узкой платформы и с трёх сторон была обнесена стенами, из<br />
которых задняя (с навесом) называлась скеной (skene), боковые — параскениями<br />
(paraskenion), а то, что мы называем сценой — предскением (proskenion).<br />
Поднимавшийся уступами полукруг сидений для зрителей назывался<br />
амфитеатром, место между сценой и амфитеатром — орхестрой; здесь помещался хор,<br />
который управлялся корифеем (руководитель хора). С развитием драматического<br />
действия к орхестре была присоединена палатка (skene), где актёры одевались и<br />
переодевались (каждый из актёров исполнял несколько ролей).<br />
Декораций в обычном смысле слова греческий театр не знал. Это оказало влияние<br />
на технику оформления греческой трагедии. Актёры носили маски, котурны (высокая<br />
обувь на деревянном каблуке) и длинные до пят плащи (цвет их зависел от роли — цари,<br />
например, носили красные плащи). Всё это должно было придать актёру высокий рост и<br />
величие, уподоблявшие его богу или герою, которых он изображал. В соответствии с этим<br />
жест актёра был преувеличенным, а декламация его — торжественной, патетической ~<br />
(Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии).<br />
ioane oqropiris qadagebebis mixedviT `didi vnebaÁ ars da<br />
warwymedaÁ mislvaÁ Teatronad da xedvaÁ saqmeTa saZagelTaÁ: dedaTa<br />
mrokvelTaÁ, aRreulTaÁ mamaTa Tana, romelTa ganagdian bunebiTi igi<br />
sircxÂli SiSuelni imRerdian. raÁmca iyo uZÂres mun mislvisa? umjobes<br />
ar mwÂriTa dasuraÁ, vidreRa eseviTarisa urCuloebisa xedvaÁ, rameTu<br />
ara avnebs mwÂre esreT TualTa, viTar avnebs eseviTarisa borotisa<br />
xedvaÁ~ `...vswyevdeT mas, romelman Teatronni aRaSena qalaqTa Sina da<br />
saxiobani Seamzadna~... `viTarmed keTil ars saRmrToÁ igi gloaÁ da<br />
borot ars sicili, da viTarmed friad mavnebel ars xedvaÁ TeatronTa<br />
da saxiobaTaÁ~ (wminda ioane oqropiri 1996; 114); `amisTÂsca Teatronni<br />
aRaSenna qalaqTa Sina da saxiobani Semzadna safrÃed sulTa maTTÂs<br />
qristianeTasa~ (iqve, 120).<br />
48
erZnuli [Theatron] -is (Tiatro) qarTul Sesatyvisad sulxan-saba<br />
orbeliani saxedvels asaxelebs: `Tiatro _ saxedveli ese ars<br />
zRudemovlebuli Sua adgili, samRerel-sarokavni da garemos mWvretelT<br />
sadgomi, sada stanjvidian mowameTa~ (saba 1991, 305).<br />
ioane batoniSvilis `kalmasobaSi~ dasturdeba Tiatri, rogorc<br />
Teatralur sanaxaobaTaTvis gankuTvnili nagebobis aRmniSvneli termini.<br />
`mxiaruli da celqi talia mxiarul hyofs mayurebelTa Tiatrsa Sina<br />
ganmrTuÀliTa TamaSobiTa TÂsiTa~ (`ciskari~ 1867, #11, 26).<br />
termini Teatri/teatri gvxvdeba XIX saukunis mxatvrul<br />
literaturasa Tu im drois periodul presaSi:<br />
`vgoneb es ori mizezi sakmao unda iyos, rom imis qmari eZebdes<br />
garTvas teatrSi~ (g. rCeuliSvili 1965, 205).<br />
`man daawinaura vaWroba, glexT gauCina muSakoba, obolT da oxerT<br />
Seafarebina Tavi saswavlebelSi, keTilSobilT daanaxva keTilSobiluri<br />
gza xelmwifis samsaxurisa. agreTve ara daiSura ra sazogados<br />
siamovnebisaTvis; amis gamo man daafuZna <strong>qarTuli</strong> teatri (iqve, 220).<br />
`kekes hyvanda dobili da suliTadi megobari ana, aqtrisa imave<br />
Teatrisa~ (iqve, 221).<br />
` _ ra didgulaT xar, rom kaci, romelsac natroben yovelni Cveni<br />
Teatris qalni, Cemi qmari unda iyos (iqve, 222).<br />
`rodesac Semoxveli TeatrSi. xalxi da yoveli didkacoba xelebs<br />
imtvreven bevris taSis kvriTa, rodesac Sen enas aRZrav xolme...<br />
maSasadame, SenTvis bedniereba ar aris axali anbavi... TiTqmis gazeTebica,<br />
romelnic esred iSviaTad gamoimeteben rasmes kargsa sxvisaTvis,<br />
ganagrZeleben xolme aRtacebiT Sens qebasa...~ (iqve, 221).<br />
`... Semikar xelebi, gadamparse Tma da wamiyvane im sazarels saxlSi,<br />
sadac mivdiodiT xolme giJebis rolis saswavleblad yovelTvis.<br />
rodesac unda warmogvedgina xolme TeatrSi SeSlili tasiko da<br />
vaxtangi...~ (iqve, 225).<br />
`diaR, _ uTxra gigom, _ ai ra mizeziT movediT aqa! me da es qali<br />
orniv aqtiorebi varT Teatrisa~ (iqve, 234).<br />
49
n. CubinaSvilis `qarTul leqsikonSi~ gvxvdeba: `Teatro, Teatri<br />
adgili SesaqcevTa saxilvelTa, театрь~ (n. CubinaSvili 1961, 231). am<br />
ganmartebas imeorebs d. CubinaSvilic.<br />
sainteresoa ganmartebaSi naxsenebi sityva saxilveli. <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
warmoSobis es termini Zvel qarTulSi Teatrsac aRniSnavda. `speqtaklis<br />
gmirTa cxovreba gansazRvruli zomis sagangebo moedanze _ scenaze<br />
iSleba. qarTvelebi adre am adgils saxilvelsac uwodebdnen da<br />
saberZneTidan Semosul Teatronsac, samRerelsac, da utevansac~ (uruSaZe<br />
1999, 26)<br />
semantikuri TvalsazrisiT saxilveli xilvasTan, xedvasTan aris<br />
dakavSirebuli berZnuli warmoSobis termini Theatron yurebas aRniSnavs.<br />
Cans, orive termini erT cnebasTan aris dakavSirebuli da qarTul enaSi<br />
isini sinonimur terminebs warmoadgenen.<br />
Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikonSi saxilveli ganmartebulia, rogorc<br />
`dasanaxavi, gamoCenili, `TiTiT saCuenebeli~; mxilveloba, Teatri:<br />
yovelTa saqmeTa... iqmed saxilvelad kacTa~ [C. mT. 23, 5]; `saxilvel<br />
(TiTis saCuenebel); viqmneniT soflisa~ [I kor. 4, 9]; `mokla kaci igi<br />
megÂipteli, kaci saxilveli, xuT wyrTa sigrZiTa~ [I nSt. 11, 29]; `moviRo<br />
miTve saxilveliTa~ [mrT. d. oqr. _ petre da elia 313]; `maimarTes da<br />
mivides erTbamad saxilvelsa mas~ [saq. moc. 19,22.] ix. xilva~ (abulaZe<br />
1973, 384).<br />
saxilveli sanaxaobis mniSvnelobiT aris damowmebuli z.<br />
sarjvelaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikonSic~ `saxilvel-i – sanaxaoba:<br />
`da ezraxa mas, mi-raÁ-vidoda igi sabrZolvelsa mas saxilvelsa [ler = 24,<br />
43 r; 10-12]; xvalisagan dajda igi saxilvelsa mas Sina [iqve 48 v, 29]~<br />
(sarjvelaZe 1995, 187).<br />
saxilveli Zvel qarTulSi -oba abstraqtul saxelTa mawarmoebeli<br />
sufiqsiTac gvxvdeba.<br />
`saxilveloba-Á _ naxva, Sesaxedaoba, nuukuÀ umecrebiT litonad<br />
kacad saxilvelobiTa Seuracx-hyoT [ler. = 16, 86 v; 5-86]; romelTa<br />
saxilvelobaÁ gancxadebulad moaqus moqalaqeobasa ZmaTa krebulisasa<br />
50
[ler. = 689, 170 r, 39 b – 170 v, 2 a]; visme uCndes eseviTari igi erTsa zeda<br />
saxilvelobaÁ misi [iqve 212 v, 29-31 a]~ (sarjvelaZe 1995, 187).<br />
rogorc termini, saxilveli Setanilia `xelovnebis ganmartebiT<br />
leqsikonSi~: `saxilveli (Teatr.) _ Teatris Zvel<strong>qarTuli</strong> saxelwodeba~<br />
(Толк. слов. 1985, 611).<br />
z. sarjvelaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis sityvis konaSi~: saxilvel-i _<br />
dasanaxavi; gamoCenili; Teatri.<br />
berZnuli Teatroni da <strong>qarTuli</strong> saxilveli Zvel qarTulSi<br />
sinonimur terminebs warmoadgenen. orive termins ori mniSvneloba<br />
udasturdeba. pirveli mniSvnelobiT igi <strong>Teatraluri</strong> nagebobis cnebis<br />
aRmniSvnelia, xolo meore mniSvnelobiT _ sanaxaobis, warmodgenis<br />
cnebisa. saxilvels sxva mniSvnelobebic aqvs:<br />
`saxilveli ese ars sarkesaviT ram Semzadebuli, gina sanaxavi, gina<br />
sizmari da Cveneba, gina misanTa (mis Tana ZAa) aRmosacnobeli, gina<br />
maRliT gamosamzeri~ (saba 1991, 76).<br />
Zvel qarTulSi naTargmn ZeglebSi gvxvdeba saintereso forma<br />
`mosaxilveli _ amaRlebuli, saTvalTvalo adgili: `rameTu awve<br />
xedvides mas, mosaxilveliTa momavalsa~ 3:1,7 thvz scophv~ (ioseb flaviosi<br />
1988, 406).<br />
`saxilavi – saxilveli sanaxavi, saWureti adgili (saqm. 19, 29)~ (n.<br />
CubinaSvili 1961, 360).<br />
termini saxilveli scenis mniSvnelobiT XIX saukunis qarTul<br />
mwerlobaSic gvxvdeba:<br />
1965, 23).<br />
`saxilveli warmoadgens meidans Teatris win~ (gr. rCeuliSvili<br />
`saxilveli warmoadgens osefas saxlsa, sadac igi wevs loginzed<br />
avadmyofi da TavisTvis laparakobs~ (gr. rCeuliSvili 1965, 24).<br />
saxilveli sanaxaobis mniSvnelobiTac dasturdeba.<br />
`ukve araerTis qalis guli sTrTida SiSiT am saxilvelzed qmrisa<br />
anu Zmis gamo~ (gr. rCeuliSvili 1965, 129).<br />
51
`mimindvia mkiTxvelTaTvis, warmoidginos gulis aRreuloba da<br />
grZnobani, romelnic dahbada mun myofTa Soris am saxilvelma~ (gr.<br />
rCeuliSvili 1965, 156).<br />
`anuka Seiwroebulis guliT, mdumare uyurebda am saxilvelsa da<br />
ra eSureboda, rom Zvirfasi dro ar daekarga, sTqva man ZaldatanebiT~<br />
(gr. rCeuliSvili 1965, 74).<br />
`ratom ar davstkbebi saxilveliT Senis upatiurobiTis<br />
sikvdilisa~ (gr. rCeuliSvili 1965, 68).<br />
trivialuri mniSvnelobiT, <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis<br />
mixedviT, saxilavia is, rac unda ixilon. `saxilvel-i (saxilvelisa)<br />
mimR. vneb. Mmy. igivea, rac saxilavi. Ddumda qali ramdenime xans. iSviaTi<br />
saxilveliT siamovnebda (v. barn.). [Wabuks] axlad sumbuli amosvloda da<br />
mcired qufri moxveoda sayvarlad saxilveli (saba). saxilvelad zmns.<br />
igivea, rac saxilavad. yvavili ris yvavilia, Tu yvelasaTvis... ar aris<br />
saynosavad saamo, saxilvelad sanetaro! (n. lorTq.). razom meltvi, ufro<br />
getrfi saxilvelad sasurvelo~ (a. WavW.) (qegl, 1960, 968).<br />
termini saxilveli xilvasTan aris dakavSirebuli. xilvas Zvel<br />
qarTulSi hqonda sxvadasxva mniSvneloba: xedva, SeniSvna, gasinjva,<br />
ganxilva, gulveba, krZalva, naZileveba, Cveneba, sizmari, Sesaxedaoba,<br />
qmnuleba, sanaxaoba, Cena, gaxela: `vixileT varskvlavi~ [mT. 2, 2]; `ixileT,<br />
giCuenen Tquen samarTalni da mSjavrni~M[G], _ `iguleT, aha esera migec<br />
Tquen samarTalni da msjavrni~ [M, II didi Sj. 4,5]; `ixilos mRdelman~<br />
[pb], _ `ganixilos mRdelman~ [G], [levit. 13, 27]; `ver ixilos naTeli<br />
mzisTualisaÁ~ [fiz. 1,6]; `vixile zRÂsagan modrekili RelvaÁ~ [i. moc. 58,<br />
10]; `ara ixilvos Senda comi~ [G, II Sj. 16,4]; `CuenebiT ixilviden da<br />
Wabukni Tquenni xilviT hxedviden~ [O, iov. 2, 28]; `mivida da ixilvida<br />
beWedsa mas~ [Toma mociq. 16, 23]; `ixileT, nuukue scTeT~ [l. 21, 8];<br />
`ixileT da mRÂZare iyveniT~ [DE], _ xedevdiT da iRÂZebdiT~ [mr, 13, 33];<br />
`Tquen ixileT~ [DE], `Tquen ekrZaleniT~ [mr. 13, 33]; `Cueneba, romeli<br />
vixile~ [pb], _ `vinaZilevi naZilevi~ [G, msj. 7, 13]. `mi-Tu-vidian xilvad<br />
sneulTa~ [flp. moc. 10, 26]; `nu vis uTxrobT xilvasa mas~ [mT. 17, 9];<br />
52
`Wapukni Tquenni xilvasa ixilviden! [saq. moc. 2,17]; `daniel gulisxma-<br />
hyofda yovelTa xilvaTa da CuenebaTa~ [O, dan. 1, 17]; `giCueno Sen...<br />
saucari xilvaÁ~ [flkt. 133, 21]; `iyo yrmaÁ igi Suenier xilviTa keTil<br />
piriTa~ [M], _ `yrmaÁ igi keTil iyo qmnulebiTa friad da Suenier<br />
piriTa~, [esT. 2, 7]; `(iyo) yudroÁ xilviTa~ [log. 188, 24]; `dedani ege,<br />
momavalni xilviT, movedin~ [I, es. 27, 11]; `ara SeZrwundes yovlisa misTÂs<br />
xil(v)ulisa~ [b. kes. 40-TÂs 117, 15]; `romeli ididebi yovlTagan<br />
dabadebulTa, xilulTa da uxilavTa~ [SuS. III, 10]; `ixiles dRisi<br />
TualiTa xiluliTa kaci igi RmrTisaÁ~ [nrs. 78,16]~ (abulaZe 1973, 562).<br />
`xilvasTan~ aris dakavSirebuli sanaxaobis aRmniSvneli Zveli<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> terminebi saxedveli da saxedavi, romlebic xedva zmnis<br />
mimReobur formebs warmoadgenen da sa- _ -el konfiqsiTa da sa- _<br />
prefiqsiT arian nawarmoebi.<br />
saxedveli da saxedavi Setanili ar aris i. abulaZis leqsikonSi,<br />
xolo z. sarjvelaZesTan saxedveli asea ganmartebuli: `saxedvel-i _<br />
sanaxaoba. nebierobasa miscems episkoposTa mxedvelTa sinanulsa<br />
moyuasTa menardeTasa anu saxedvelTaTÂs misrulTasa (didi sj. 184, 33)~.<br />
saxedav-i _ sanaxavi dga igi adgilsa vakesa saxedavsa mas, romelsa<br />
hrqvan Teatroni [A=199 72 r, 18-206]~ (sarjvelaZe 1995, 186).<br />
sanaxaobis mniSvnelobiT Zvel qarTulSi dasturdeba termini<br />
saxedavobaÁ.<br />
`saxedavoba-Á sanaxaoba. arca bWobaÁ iqmnebis, arca maCueneblobiT<br />
xumarTa saxedavobaÁ~ [didi sj. 184, 33]~ (sarjvelaZe 1995, 186).<br />
sulxan-saba berZnuli Teatron-is qarTul Sesatyvisad saxedvels<br />
asaxelebs: `Tiatro-saxedveli. ese ars zRudemovlebuli Sua adgili,<br />
samRerel _ sarokavni da garemos mWvretelT sadgomi, sada stanjvidian<br />
mowameTa~ (saba 1991, 305).<br />
sityvebi saxilveli da saxedveli ZiriTadad or mniSvnelobas<br />
ukavSirdeba: saxilveli niSnavs imas:<br />
1) rasac ixilav<br />
2) riTic ixilav (xedvis organo _ Tvali).<br />
53
saxedveli niSnavs:<br />
1) rasac xedav<br />
2) riTic xedav<br />
`guli brolisa fiqali, siamovnobs saxedvelada~ (dimitri bagrationis<br />
`Sairi~; `ciskari~, 1853, #1, gv. 15).<br />
Teatris, rogorc warmodgenisaTvis gankuTvnili nagebobis<br />
aRmniSvnelad gvevlineba agreTve `saxli saTamaSoÁ _ sanaxaobisaTvis<br />
gankuTvnili specialuri nagebobis saxelwodeba, romelic Sendeboda<br />
mefis sasaxleebSi Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 612).<br />
`saxli saTamaSoÁ~ damowmebulia v. kiknaZesTan: `...naWarmagevsa<br />
saxlsa saTamaSosa Sina...~ saTamaSo saxlebis simravle TavisTavad<br />
sanaxaobiTi kulturis ganviTarebze metyvelebs.<br />
Zvel qarTulSi cnobili iyo <strong>Teatraluri</strong> nagebobis aRmniSvneli<br />
kidev erTi termini-Sesityvebis `saxli salxino~ (saqarTveloSi nadimisa<br />
da sanaxaobaTa saxli). nadimis dros aq gamodiodnen saxiobis<br />
Semsrulebeli momRerlebi da musikosebi (XI-XIIs.)~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 612).<br />
dasaxelebuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi: Teatroni, saxilveli,<br />
saxedavi, saxedveli, saxli saTamaSoÁ, saxli salxino warmoadgenen<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> warmodgenebisaTvis gankuTvnili nagebobebis aRmniSvnel<br />
terminebs. Teatroni, saxilveli, saxedavi, saxedveli Zvel qarTulSi<br />
ufro farTo mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneboda, vidre saxli saTamaSoÁ da<br />
saxli salxino.<br />
54
§2. termini `msaxiobi~ da misi erT-erTi sinonimi Zvel<br />
qarTulSi<br />
saTeatro xelovnebis mTavari figura, Tavi da Tavi msaxiobia. is<br />
aris <strong>Teatraluri</strong> sanaxaobis, saxiobis Semoqmedi.<br />
termini msaxiobi `<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ asea<br />
ganmartebuli: `xelovnebis nawarmoebis profesiuli Semsrulebeli<br />
scenaze~... aqvea damowmebuli am terminis sinonimuri calebi: artisti,<br />
aqtiori (qegl, 1958, V, 1132).<br />
`mcire <strong>Teatraluri</strong> leqsikoni~ ganmartebiT leqsikons eyrdnoba.<br />
ZiriTadi terminia msaxiobi, miTiTebulia aseve aqtiori da artisti.<br />
`msaxiobi _ artisti, aqtiori~ (megreliZe 1980, 25); artisti _ msaxiobi,<br />
xelovnebis nawarmoebTa sajarod Semsrulebeli, warmomsaxveli. (iqve 7).<br />
rogorc vxedavT, termin msaxiobis sinonimebad leqsikonebSi<br />
franguli warmoSobis artisti da aqtioria moxmobili: `aqtior-i [frang.<br />
acteur] (Zv.) (Teatr.) saTeatro warmodgenebSi rolebis profesiuli<br />
Semsrulebeli, _ msaxiobi, artisti. sazogadoebas... SeuZlia Semweoba<br />
gauwios aqtiorebs (ilia). `ors... aqtiors sazogadoebam mouwona mRera<br />
(l. ardaz.)~ (qegl, 1950, 731). sxvaTa Soris, ivane maCablis mier Targmnil<br />
`hamletSi~ aqtiori.<br />
`artist-i [frang. artiste] adamiani, romelsac profesiad aqvs<br />
xelovnebis nawarmoebis sajarod Sesruleba, _ msaxiobi. operis artisti.<br />
_ dramis artisti. _ baletis artisti (qegl, 1950, 574).<br />
Tanamedrove qarTulSi `msaxiobis~ cnebis gadmosacemad ZiriTadad<br />
Semdegi terminebi dasturdeba: msaxiobi, aqtiori, artisti. artisti<br />
polisemiuri terminia, qegl-Si damowmebulia, rogorc barbarizmi. am<br />
sityvis Semdegi mniSvnelobaa moyvanili _ `Tavisi saqmis niWieri ostati~:<br />
`sakuTari meparike gvyavda _ patara daTiko amirajibi, dRes Tavisi<br />
55
xelobis artisti~ (a. cagareli). farTo gagebiT, artisti aris adamiani,<br />
romelic SemoqmedebiT moRvaweobas eweva xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargSi _<br />
mxatvari, musikosi. qarTulSi artisti ixmareba gadataniTi<br />
mniSvnelobiTac: artistobs _ TvalTmaqcobs (ix. qegl, I).<br />
`qarTul sinonimTa leqsikonSi~ msaxiobis sinonimad miTiTebulia<br />
agreTve `mimosi n. msaxiobi~ (neimani 1978, 257).<br />
termini mimosi Tanamedrove qarTulSi TiTqmis aRar ixmareba, igi<br />
arc `<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSia~ Setanili. `ucxo sityvaTa<br />
leqsikonSi~ gvxvdeba mim _ fuZisgan nawarmoebi forma: `mimist-i _<br />
msaxiobi, romelic ostaturad flobs mimikas~ (usl. 1989, 315).<br />
mimosi dasturdeba sulxan-sabasTan: mimosi (+37 lavsakon ZAa) [A-<br />
a54, 312 r, a 14] moTamaSe kaci, romeli iqms sakvirvelebaTa da ZnelebTa ara<br />
grZnebiTa, ara ÃelovnebiTa ZA. mimosi ars kacni, romelni iqman Zliersa<br />
da sakvirvelsa saqmesa ara grZnebiTa, aramed ÃelovnebiTa ZA. mimosi ars<br />
kacni, romelni iqman Zliersa da sakvirvelsa saqmesa ara grZnebiTa,<br />
aramed Ãelo(v)nebiTa, rameTu qoCorTa TvisTa maleTa cxenTa gamoibmen<br />
da sxva kaci aRjdeba, ganabnevs da cxeni daecema (daecemis Cb) da mimosi<br />
ara SeiZrvis, kvalad TavTa TxemTa zeda (Tvissa D) gvrdemlTa daideben<br />
da zedan mWedelni WurWelTa iqmonen da eseviTarTa mravalTa<br />
sakvirvelebaTa iqmonen anu maxvilebiTa gina sxviTa (+ kvalad masxara<br />
Cb) CD. 4 noembris svinaqsari: [1156w]. `mgosnobaTa da sxvaTa memRerTa<br />
kicxevaTa da basrobaTa da eseviTarTa amaT gancxromaTa da mimosobaTa<br />
Sina uaRres iyo yovelTa sworTa~ E. -oba abstraqtul saxelTa<br />
mawarmoebelia.<br />
`mimosi _ jambazi: mimosi vinme romeli iyo JamTa maqsimiane<br />
mefisaTa Teatronsa Sina xumrobiT da mimosobiT [ler = 24 187 r, 2-4] [ z.<br />
sarjvelaZe]. mimosi berZnuli sityvaa mivmos, ou, ov da niSnavs mimbaZvels,<br />
msaxiobs.<br />
karlo jorjanelis `qarTul sinonimTa vrcel leqsikonSi~<br />
msaxiobis sinonimebad dasaxelebulia `artisti, (Zv.) aqtiori, (Zv.)<br />
komedianti (jorjaneli 2003, 458).<br />
56
leqsikonebis mixedviT, `msaxiobis~ cnebis gadmosacemad axal<br />
qarTulSi Semdegi sinonimuri sityvebi ixmareba: msaxiobi, artisti,<br />
aqtiori, mimisti, komedianti. sinonimTa es rigi, rogorc vxedavT, arc Tu<br />
SezRudulia. semantikuri sxvaoba am sinonimur calebs Soris met-<br />
naklebad TvalsaCinoa. mag.: artistis mniSvneloba ufro farToa, Sdr.<br />
mimisti. `miuxedavad amisa, isini sinonimebs warmoadgenen, radgan maT<br />
erTi saerTo niSani aerTianebT _ es maTi nominaciuri funqciaa, isini<br />
erTsa da imave denotats aRniSnaven~ (RambaSiZe 1986, 36).<br />
Cven mier dasaxelebul sinonimur rigSi dominanti sityvaa msaxiobi,<br />
danarCenebi ki am mniSvnelobis gansxvavebul niuansebs Seicaven.<br />
`msaxiobi~ Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong>dan wamosuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini Cans,<br />
Tumca Zv. qarTulSi am formiT (oden m- prefiqsiT) igi ar dasturdeba.<br />
gvaqvs amave fuZis prefiqs-sufiqsiani forma msaxiobel-i. `jambazi<br />
miiswrafvis xilvad mrokvelTa da msaxiobelTa~ [ler =12 91v, 24-25]<br />
(sarjvelaZe 1995, 151). m-saxiobel-i miRebulia saxiobs zmnisgan m- _ -el<br />
konfiqsis darTviT. erTi da imave fuZidan gansxvavebuli afiqsaciiT<br />
nawarmoebi sinonimuri calebi <strong>qarTuli</strong>saTvis ucxo ar aris. Sdr.: saba,<br />
momRerali _ momReri.<br />
`msaxiobeli, msaxiobi, s. mimosi, warmomadgeneli TeatrSi, актеръ,<br />
vefx. 119~ (d. CubinaSvili 1984, 897).<br />
Zvel qarTulSi gvxvdeba xioba zmnidan ma- _ -el konfiqsiT<br />
nawarmoebi formac: `mermeca ukue vedrebaÁ saÃmar ars amisTvis, raÁTa<br />
ukueTu vinme, romelTaca msaxiobelTa dasisaganman qristeane _ yofaÁ<br />
inebos da iqmnes da pirvelTa maT biwTagan ganTavisufldes,<br />
arRaravisgan ebrZanebodis gina egulebodis egeviTarsa mas kualad maTve<br />
pirvelTa CueulebaTa Ãel-yofaÁ. msaxiobelTa (E. 8) maxiubelTa (E)~ (didi<br />
sj. 1975, 319).~<br />
`msaxiob~ terminSi nagulisxmevi cnebis gamosaxatavad Zvel<br />
qarTulSi bevrad meti terminia gamoyenebuli, vidre es Tanamedrove<br />
qarTulSi gvaqvs. `qarTul sabWoTa enciklopediaSi~ msaxiobis<br />
gansamartav sityva-statias miwerili aqvs: Zv. qarTulSi memRere,<br />
57
mesaxiobe; msaxiobi, msaxiobeli... sinamdvileSi sinonimTa es rigi ufro<br />
farToa: msaxiobeli, maxiobeli, mgosani, mzuelavi, mimosi (anu mokicxari)<br />
memRere, mesaxie (d. janeliZe), meTeatrone, meaCrdile, moTamaSe.<br />
Zveli da saSuali <strong>qarTuli</strong>s Zeglebis mixedviT dadasturebuli<br />
`msaxiobis~ aRmniSvnel terminTa aseTi simravle Teatralur terminTa<br />
Camoyalibeba-daxvewis, terminTqmnadobis uwyvet da intensiur process<br />
mianiSnebs.<br />
mgosani `didi sjulis kanonSi~ ganmartebulia, rogorc msaxiobi.<br />
`mzuelav-i _ mimbaZveli, msaxiobi mzuelavTaTÂs da maxiobelTa,<br />
romelni qristiane iqmnen [didi sj. 319, 5-6].<br />
M zuelaoba _ mibaZva, msaxioboba: `numca vin erisaganni... anu meZavni<br />
iÃumeven, anu mzuelaoben samonazunoÁTa saxiTa [didi sj. 196, 17]~<br />
(sarjvelaZe 1995, 118).<br />
meTeatrone z. sarjvelaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikonSi~<br />
ganmartebulia, rogorc msaxiobi. meTeatrone-Á msaxiobi. iZulebulTa<br />
zeda Tanayofad mzuelavTa, anu meTeatroneTa [didi sj. 210; 19]~<br />
(sarjvelaZe 1995, 112).<br />
moTamaSe.<br />
memRere ganmartebuli aqvT sabas da d. CubinaSvils, rogorc<br />
formobrivi da semantikuri TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT<br />
sainteresod gveCveneba termini meaCrdile.<br />
z. sarjvelaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikonSi~ damowmebulia<br />
meaCrdile formisgan nawarmoebi `meaCrdileTagan-i _ msaxiobTagani.<br />
`numca vin erisaganni da ufroÁsRa meaCrdileTaganni anu meZavni iÃumeven<br />
[didi sj. 196, 16]~ (sarjvelaZe 1995, 111).<br />
`didi sjuliskanonSi~ am sityvis sxva nimuSebic gvxvdeba: `xolo<br />
meaCrdileTaTÂsi ormeocdameequse nearaÁ ityÂs, viTarmed meaCrdileTa,<br />
ese igi ars mokicxarTa daRaTu fucon, viTarmed ara gandgebian<br />
siZvisagan.~ (did. sj. 1975; 209).<br />
`didi sjuliskanonze~ darTul leqsikonSi (didi sjuliskanoni,<br />
1975) meaCrdile sityvis ganmartebas berZnuli ekvivalentic axlavs.<br />
58
me-aCrdil-e nawarmoebia me- _ -e konfiqsis darTviT. `me-Rv-e: (es<br />
modeli dRes, Cveulebriv, arsebiT saxelTa fuZeebisagan awarmoebs<br />
xelobis saxelebs. rogorc Cans, igi adre zmnur fuZeebsac (e.w. saSuali<br />
gvaris formebs) erToda da nazmnar substantivebs warmoqmnida. am<br />
modelis SesaZlebloba farTodaa gamoyenebuli termin-substantivTa<br />
sawarmoeblad zmnur fuZeTagan)~ (meliqiSvili 1999, 61), me- _ -e modeli,<br />
rogorc es d. meliqiSvilis damowmebuli Sromidanac Cans, sakmaod<br />
produqtiulia filosofiur-Teologiur terminTa warmoebisas.<br />
me-aCrdil-e leqsemis amosavali fuZe aCrdili Cveulebrivia Zveli<br />
da axali aRTqmis qarTul wignebSi. ixmareba frazeologiur gamoTqmaSic:<br />
`romelni bnelsa da aCrdilsa sikudilisas sxenan~ (l. 1.79 c; ix. agreTve<br />
l. 1,79; m. 4.16)~ (qarT. oTx. simf. 1986).<br />
i. abulaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikonSi~ aCrdili asea<br />
ganmartebuli: `Crdili,~ `sagrili~, `safarveli:~ `aCrdilsa mTaTasa<br />
xedav Sen kacad~ (M), `Crdilsa mTaTasa xedav Sen viTarca kacTa~ (G)<br />
`aCrdilsa missa queSe mfrinvelTaca cisaTa dadgomad~G(G). `sagrilsa<br />
missa queSe mfrinvelni cisani dadgomad~ mr 4, 32. `SemodegiT aCrdilsa<br />
Cemsa~ (G); `mesevdiT safarvelsa Cemsa~ (msj. 9, 15). `dReni Cemni viTarca<br />
aCrdilni warÃdes~ (fs. 101. 12). `aCrdili ara ipyrobebis~ (A- 92, 366). ix.<br />
miuaCrdilebeli~ (abulaZe 1973, 26).<br />
`aCrdil-i magaliTi: `romelni-igi saxed da aCrdilad hmsaxurebdes<br />
zecisasa mas~ (hebr. 8, 5.) (abulaZe 1973, 26).<br />
`aCrdilis-mwerali momxazveli: `macTunna Cuen... arca aCrdilis<br />
mweralTa Sromaman unayofoman~ (sibrZ. sol. 15, 4) ix. mwerali~ (abulaZe<br />
1973, 26).<br />
CvenTvis sainteresoa aCrdilis meore mniSvneloba. aCrdili _<br />
magaliTi, aseTive Sinaarsis ganmartebaa mocemuli aCrdilisgan<br />
nawarmoebi formebis _ aCrdilebris, aCrdilovanis _ axsnisas ioane<br />
damaskelis dialeqtikis qarTul TargmanSi: `aCrdilebri _ aCrdilovani<br />
(100, 33) gamoxatuleba, anabeWdi, asli~.<br />
59
`ese yovelni arsebisaTananiRa arian da ara TÂTarseba. amisTÂsca<br />
warweriTad saxel-idebian, viTarca aCrdilebrad saxel-idebian da ara<br />
arsebiTsa guamsa winamdebarisa nivTisasa sacnaur-hyofen.~<br />
ese yovelni arsebiszedani arian, romlisaTÂsca warweriTad<br />
iwodebian, viTarca aCrdilovnad damsaxvelni da ver cxadmyofelni<br />
arsebiTsa myofobobasa quedmdebarisa~ (16, 7) (i. damaskeli 1976; 190).<br />
z. sarjvelaZis leqsikonSi gvxvdeba fonetikurad saxecvlili<br />
aCrdili (r-s dakargviT), damowmebulia am fuZisgan nawarmoebi formebic:<br />
aCrdilebr-i, aCrdilebroba-Á.<br />
aCrdilisa da Crdilis formobrivi dapirispireba a- prefiqss<br />
gamoyofs. h. fogti <strong>qarTuli</strong> zmnisa da saxelis prefiqsebis<br />
warmomavlobisa da istoriis ganxilvisas a prefiqss lokalurobis<br />
Sinaarsis gadmocemas ukavSirebs. `aseTi warmoeba produqtiuli unda<br />
yofiliyo maSin, roca saxeli da zmna jer kidev ar iyo mkveTrad<br />
diferencirebuli~ (CarTolani 1981, 209).<br />
`a-Crdili rom a- prefiqsiania, amas amJRavnebs Crdili, Crdilo da<br />
Cero... Cero-sTan Sepirispireba fuZis e-s amoRebasa da d-s<br />
sufiqsobazedac miuTiTebs (Tofuria 1979; t. III; 454). amosavali fuZis<br />
Sesaxeb ix. (gamyreliZe, maWavariani 1965).<br />
Crdil- formaSi gamoiyofa saxelzmnuri -il sufiqsi. aseTi<br />
segmentaciis uflebas Zvel qarTulSi dadasturebuli siCrdo forma<br />
iZleva (si-Crd-o); `siCrdo _ siCrdile, Cero; `dasxdes siCrdosa queSa<br />
zRudisasa~ (lim. 92, 30) (abulaZe 1973; 396).<br />
formobrivad ase daiSleba; me-aCrdil-e < aCrdil-i < Crdil < Crd-<br />
il < Crd (si-Crd-o).<br />
semantikuri TvalsazrisiT meaCrdile igive msaxiobia, romelic<br />
kargad flobs gardasaxvis, sxvad gardaqcevis xelovnebas, sxvisi<br />
aCrdilia, sxvisi gamoxatuleba, anabeWdi, gadmoscems sxva adamianis<br />
cxovrebas, sxvisi magaliTia. saintereso ganmarteba mogvawoda z.<br />
sarjvelaZem: magaliTeba _ msgavseba. aqedanve cxadi xdeba, rom aCrdilis<br />
meore mniSvnelobac magaliTTan, aslTan, anabeWdTan aris dakavSirebuli.<br />
60
Sdr.: qegl-Si warmodgenili magaliTis mniSvneloba (2).... `sxvisaTvis<br />
misabaZi saqcieli Tu movlena (qegl, V, 1958, 4).<br />
SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom meaCrdilis Teatralur terminad qcevas<br />
safuZvlad daedo <strong>qarTuli</strong> xelovnebis wiaRSi warmoSobili `Crdilebis<br />
Teatri~. SesaZlebelia, meaCrdile swored `Crdilebis Teatris~<br />
(Tojinebis) mTavari msaxiobi yofiliyo. rogorc Cans, terminma SemdgomSi<br />
mniSvneloba gaifarTova da zogadad Teatris msaxiobis aRmniSvnelad<br />
mogvevlina.<br />
61
§3. sqesis gramatikuli kategoriis gamoxatva Zvel qarTul<br />
Teatralur terminebSi<br />
rogorc cnobilia, <strong>qarTuli</strong> ena ar ganarCevs gramatikuli sqesis<br />
formebs. mas SeuZlia mxolod leqsikurad ganasxvavos zogi sulieri<br />
sagnis ori bunebrivi sqesi _ mamrobiTi da mdedrobiTi, rac metwilad<br />
erTi semantikuri jgufis antonimuri wyvilebiT gadmoicema: deda/mama,<br />
da/Zma, furi/xari, Zu/xvadi, dedali/mamali, asuli/Ze, qali/vaJi,<br />
mÃevali/mona, sidedri/simamri da sxv. (danelia 1998, 94).<br />
ra jgufis sulier saganTa bunebrivi sqesis gasarCevad nebismieri<br />
cxovelis (xari/furi), frinvelis Tu mweris aRmniSvnel sityvebs<br />
SeiZleba msazRvrelad daematos dedali an mamali, rac yvelaze<br />
gavrcelebuli saSualebaa.<br />
saWiro SemTxvevaSi <strong>qarTuli</strong> axerxebs bunebrivi sqesis gamoxatvas<br />
leqsikuri saSualebiT mxolod sulieri sagnis saxeldebisTvis. magram<br />
es saSualeba uZluria, gadmosces ucxoenovani gramatikuli sqesis<br />
Sinaarsi. es garemoeba garkveul siZneleebs uqmnida Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
Targmanebis gadmomRebT, romlebic metwilad damokidebulni iyvnen<br />
bibliur Tu sxva saxis TxzulebaTa berZnul wyaroebze. berZnulSi ki<br />
gramatikuli sqesi mkveTradaa gamoxatuli rogorc saxelTa daboloebiT,<br />
aseve, rac mTavaria, artikliT.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, qarTul samwerlo enaSi mdedrobiTi sqesis<br />
morfologiurad gamoxatvis seriozuli cda ukavSirdeba elinofilTa<br />
moRvaweobas. arsebiTad, sasuliero Zeglebis qarTul TargmanTa<br />
Sesabamis berZnul wyaroebTan zedmeti sizustiT daaxloebis tendenciam<br />
Tavi iCina me-11 saukunis meore naxevridan da me-13 saukunis dasawyisamde<br />
gagrZelda (iqve, 98).<br />
korneli danelia wignSi `narkvevebi <strong>qarTuli</strong> samwerlobo enis<br />
istoriidan~ miuTiTebs, rom gramatikuli sqesis gamoxatvis cda<br />
petriwamdec yofila, mecnieri am argumentis gasamyareblad imowmebs<br />
62
Semdeg magaliTs: efrem mciris mier mdidara (`mdidari qali~) sityvis<br />
xmarebas. `mdidaraÁ moiRebn WiWnaursa, xolo qurivi matylsa SeRebulsa~,<br />
razedac efremi aseT SeniSvnas akeTebs: `Seiswave, mdidaraÁ<br />
axalmopovebulad dedalad sityuad, rameTu dedakaci ars, momRebel<br />
WiWnaursaÁ, xolo WiWnauri mamasa efTeÂmes abreSumisa saxelad<br />
moupovebia~ (A _ 1115,153 V)~.<br />
gramatikuli berZnizmebi gansakuTrebiT moxSirda da momZlavrda<br />
petriwuli stilis TargmanebSi, saidanac –a sufiqsiani mdedr. sqesis<br />
saxelebi Warbad Sevida sulxan-sabas qarTul leqsikonSi. robert bleiki<br />
petriwuli stiliT Sesrulebuli e. w. `gelaTuri bibliis~ (A _ 1108)<br />
teqstSi arsebuli mdedr. sqesis xelovnuri formebis arsebobis faqtSi<br />
berZnuli wyaros uSualo gavlenas xedavda (iqve, 99).<br />
qarTul saliteraturo enaSi mimdinare tendenciebma garkveuli<br />
gavlena moaxdines Teatralur terminebzedac. CvenTvis saintereso<br />
magaliTebi, marTalia, mcire raodenobiT, magram mainc iZebneba im drois<br />
naTargmn ZeglebSi. XII saukuneSi berZnulidan naTargmn ioseb flaviosis<br />
`moTxrobani iudaebrivisa Zuelsityuaobisan-Si~ erTmaneTis gverdigverd<br />
dasturdeba Semdegi formebi: mgalobela, mgalobelani/mgalobelni (mr.<br />
r. mamrobiTis mniSvnelobiT); momRerala /momReri.<br />
`mgalobela _ mgalobeli qali: simravle ukue msaxurTaÁ Seudga...…<br />
bevri..., xolo mgalobelni da mgalobelani oras ormeocaxuTni~ 11:3,10.<br />
(ioseb flaviosi 1988, 401).<br />
`momRerala _ qali momRerali, musikosi: `miwera kleopatraÁsa,<br />
raÁTa TanaSeweoda mas momRerala vinme warRebad nawerTa~ 15:2,5. mousourgu<br />
(iqve, 405).'<br />
`momReri _ masxara: `romeli iyo mefisa momReri da kicxvaTa da<br />
adgilis SinaTa siRodaTa Semwynarebel iyo~ 12:4,9. a']zurma (iqve, 405).<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom mdedrobiTis a sufiqsis uZveles al saxeobis<br />
iSviaT magaliTad (reliqtad) aris miCneuli `momRerni~-s sapirispiro<br />
forma `momReralebni~ giorgi monazonis `xronografis~ petriwuli<br />
stiliT Sesrulebul TargmanSi, sadac moyvanilia citata<br />
63
`eklesiastedan~ (2,78): `movigen monani da mÃevalni, da saxlis-wulni<br />
iqmnnes Cemda mraval ufroÁs yovelTa yofilTasa uwinares Cemsa<br />
ierusalÀms. da Sevkribe vecxlica da oqroÁ da simdidre mefeTaÁ da<br />
yanaTaÁ da ganvawyven momRerni da momReralebni da saSuebelni Zisa<br />
kacisani, mwdeni da mwdeani~.<br />
k. donduas miaCnia, rom `momReralebni~-s al- sufiqsi iseTive<br />
Rirebulebisaa, rogorc a `mwdean~ sityvaSi (maTi berZnuli fardebi<br />
a;dou;saz da ai;uoco;cz mdedr. sqesis mr. ricxvis bralobiTi brunvis<br />
formebia). `Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom `xronografis~ Targmanis Semcvel<br />
uZveles (XIII s.) xelnawerSi (A _ 174), romelic gamocemas daedo<br />
safuZvlad, bevri Secdomaa (asometoba, asonakloba...), maSin unda<br />
vifiqroT, rom Tavdapirvel teqstSi iqneboda `momReraebni~ da l<br />
gadamwers unda miematebina kanonier `momReral~ formis gavleniT, e. i.<br />
unda yofiliyo: momRer-i (mamr. sqesi) da momRera-Á (mdedr. sqesi)~<br />
(danelia 1998, 102).<br />
Cven ver gaviziarebT dasaxelebul mosazrebas, radgan<br />
`xronografis~ Targmanis Semcvel uZveles (XIII s.) xelnawerze adre<br />
forma momRerala gvxvdeba zemoT dasaxelebul, XII saukunis<br />
berZnulidan naTargmn, ioseb flaviosis `moTxrobani iudaebrivisa<br />
Zuelsityuaobisan-Si~. es teqsti qronologiurad win uswrebs<br />
`xronografis~ qarTul Targmans, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, mTargmnels<br />
gaazrebulad daewera forma momReralebni, radgan im dros mdedrobiTi<br />
sqesis gamosaxatad ukve dasturdeba momRerala da ara momReraÁ, rogorc<br />
amas korneli danelia miuTiTebs. Sesabamisad mTargmnelisTvis ucxo ar<br />
iqneboda mxolobiTi momRerala formisgan momReralebnis warmoeba.<br />
sqesis xelovnuri formebi dasturdeba XVIII-XIX saukuneebis<br />
nawerebSi, sadac aSkarad igrZnoba qarTulze rusuli enis gavlena.<br />
XIX saukuneSi yvelaze xSirad Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si<br />
gramatikuli sqesi gamoxatulia frangulidan nawarmoeb da CvenTan<br />
rusulis gziT damkvidrebul termin aqtior/aqtrisasTan.<br />
64
1965, 235).<br />
`...ho, didi aqtrisa iyo, ara hyvanda imas Tanaswori~ (rCeuliSvili<br />
`...saucxovo roli aris tasikosi. mgonia aqtrisa gamova Tma<br />
gaSlili, oqromkerdis gvirgviniT Tavzed, simReris TqmiT sayvarelzed~<br />
(iqve, 236).<br />
`...gamigonia, rom erTi aqtrisa ariso tfilisSi, romelsac ara hyavs<br />
Tanaswori da romelic dedoflobso yovelzed.<br />
_ aqtrisa? _ saCqarod hkiTsa anam~ (iqve, 235).<br />
`me viyavi sawyali, uTqmeli da gaubedavi aqtrisa~ (iqve, 225).<br />
`_ diaR, _ uTxra gigom, _ ai ra mizeziT movediT aqa! me da es qali<br />
orniv aqtiorebi varT Teatrisa.<br />
_ oh, ra bednierebaa aqtrisoba! _ warmosTqo saCqarod<br />
Camofarebulma qalma, _ ra keTilSobiluri daniSnuleba aris! acineb,<br />
atireb, aRZrav xalxsa... taSis kvriT aquxeb, moiyvan vardis wvimas...<br />
_ Tu rom egreT survili gaqvsT, _ uTxra gigom, _ ratom ar<br />
Sexval aqtrisad?<br />
_ ara mgonia! aqtrisad Semsvleli pirvelad unda iyos ymawvili<br />
qali, meored hqondes kargi xma da iyos lamazi, agreTve hqondes niWi~<br />
(iqve, 234).<br />
`qalma Camoagdo laparaki warmodgenazed, aktrisebzed, imaT<br />
tansacmelzed~ (iqve, 205).<br />
`uceb moulodnelad daibadnen warCinebulni komikuri mweralni,<br />
romelTa Soris brwyinavs T. giorgi erisTavi, agreTve aqtiorebi,<br />
romelTac gaakvirves evropielni.<br />
am aqtiorebisa da aqtrisebis Soris iyvnen im dros orni<br />
sayvarelni sazogadoebisa: aqtiori gigo da aqtrisa keke~ (iqve, 220).<br />
`kekes hyvanda dobili da suliTadi megobari ana, aqtrisa imave<br />
Teatrisa~ (iqve, 221).<br />
qarTul enaSi mimdinare yvela tendencia met-naklebad Seexo<br />
qarTul Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>sac, es exeba gramatikuli sqesis<br />
gamoxatvasac, magram radgan <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis bunebisaTvis es gramatikuli<br />
65
kategoria ucxoa, man qarTul Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Sic ver moikida<br />
fexi.<br />
66
§4. `saxioba~ _ `saxismetyvelebis~ semantikuri<br />
mimarTebisaTvis<br />
Zvel qarTulSi sanaxaobaTa aRmniSvnel termins `saxioba~<br />
ewodeboda. `xelovnebis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ igi asea axsnili:<br />
`saxioba – Zvel<strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris saxe. termini `saxioba~ gamoiyeneboda<br />
sxvadasxvagvar sanaxaobaTa aRmniSvnelad. XII-XVIII saukuneebSi es<br />
saxelwodeba gamoxatavda samefo karis Teatrs, sadac warmodgenili iyo:<br />
deklamacia, simRera, cekva, jambazebis, Jongliorebis gamosvlebi,<br />
Sejibrebebi sanaxaobiTs JanrebSi. saxiobaSi monawileobdnen sasceno<br />
xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis warmomadgenlebi: memRere – dramatuli<br />
msaxiobi, maxiobeli – mimikosi msaxiobi, mgosani _ momRerali, musikosi _<br />
kompozitori, mrokveli – mocekvave mamakaci an qali, muSaiTi _ akrobati,<br />
Jongliori. isini gamodiodnen rogorc sagangebo sasaxiobo SenobebSi<br />
(saxli saTamaSo), ise sajaro moednebze sxvadasxva dResaswaulebis<br />
dros~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 611).<br />
saxiobaSi gamoyofdnen or ZiriTad Janrs:<br />
1) glovis saxioba – mgosnoba – godeba – tragedia;<br />
2) salxino saxioba – mgosnoba – simRera – komedia.<br />
warmarTul xanaSi kerpTmsaxurebis ritualis dros saxiobas<br />
mimarTavdnen. vaxuSti bagrationi am sanaxaobas `zneni da CveulebaTa~-Si<br />
ase aRwers: `kvalad uwyodian dResaswauli kerpTa, RmerTTa TÂisTa:<br />
ganvidis TviT mefe da didebulni da mcirebulni buk-dabdabiTa da<br />
yovliTa ZnobiTa (Znobi – Sewyobili xma (saba 1993, 356) da saxiobiTa...~<br />
`rokviTa ferÃisiTa, pirobiTa, saxiobiTa da ZnobiTa sam dRe da moaqcian<br />
TÂsTÂsad saxid...~ (vaxuSti; `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~, T.<br />
lomourisa da n. berZeniSvilis redaqciiT, Tb., 1941). teqstidan Cans, rom<br />
saxioba _ esaa gardasaxvis xelovneba, sam dRes ritualis monawileni<br />
sxvad gadaiqcevian.<br />
dabadebis SesaqmeTa 31/27 berZnuli teqsti qarTulad Targmnilia<br />
Semdegnairad: `ga-mo-mca-mevline Sen mxiarulebiT da musikebriTa,<br />
67
obRnebiTa da ebnebiTa~, igive xelnaweri #A51-Si Targmnilia `warmom-ca-<br />
gzavne Sen saxiobiTa bobRniTa da qnariTa~.<br />
termin saxiobas vxvdebiT aTonis mravalTavSi (X-XI ss.). `spevsipes,<br />
elavsipeisa da melavsipeisis wamebaSi~ naTqvamia: `romelman (qristem) dRÀ<br />
da RamÀ daudumebeliTa saxiobiTa ganyo.~ aq saxioba niSnavs musikas,<br />
galobas.<br />
ilia abulaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis~ leqsikonSi saxioba axsnilia,<br />
rogorc `Ãmaneloba, galoba: `friad saxiobd~ (0), `mravlad Ãmanelobd~<br />
(pb, es. 23,1 6): `saxioben saxiobasa ÃmiTa tkbiliTa~ (fiz. XVI 7)~ (abulaZe<br />
1973, 384).<br />
bibliaSi saxioba semantikurad ukavSirdeba galobas: `uZio ufalsa<br />
Cuensa kaci erTi, romelman icodis saxiobaÁ galobaTaÁ uflisaTaÁ<br />
qnariTa~ (0, I mf. 16, 16); `esma ÃmaÁ saxiobisaÁ da pariT memRereTaÁ~ (C), _<br />
`esmoda xmaÁ sixarulisaÁ da gancxromisaÁ~ (DE, _ luk. 15, 25); `ityodeT<br />
ÃmiTa saxiobisaÁTa Soris moxarulTasa~ (M): `miTxrobad Ãmisagan<br />
aRmombgerebelisa saSual morwyulTaÁsa~ (G, msj. 5, 11); `keTilad<br />
galobda saxiobasa uflisasa mecnierebiT~ (O, I mefeTa. 16, 18); `RÂnoman<br />
da saxiobaman axarian gulsa~ (O, zir. 40, 20); `saxiobaÁ glovasa, viTarca<br />
sityÂs-TxrobaÁ uJamoÁsaÁ~ (O, zir. 22, 6); `ganmcxromelni mravliTa<br />
saxiobiTa da ÃmiTa qnarisa da stÂrisaÁTa~ (m. sw. 15, 3); `me vscemde<br />
viTarca fandurTa Zalsa, Tquen SerTuliTa saxiobiTa SeasxemdiT~ (HH-<br />
341, 198).<br />
saxioba:<br />
ilustrirebuli masalidan SeiZleba gamovyoT Semdegi saxis<br />
1. glovisa: `saxiobaÁ glovasa, viTarca sityÂs-TxrobaÁ uJamoÁsaÁ~ (O,<br />
zir. 22, 6);<br />
2. salxino: `esma ÃmaÁ saxiobisaÁ da pariT memRereTaÁ~ (C), _ `esmoda xmaÁ<br />
sixarulisaÁ da gancxromisaÁ~ (DE _ luk. 15, 25); `ityodeT ÃmiTa<br />
saxiobisaÁTa Soris moxarulTasa~ (M); `miTxrobad Ãmisagan<br />
aRmombgerebelisa saSual morwyulTaÁsa~ (G, msj. 5, 11); `RÂnoman da<br />
saxiobaman axarian gulsa~ (O, zir. 40, 20); `ganmcxromelni mravliTa<br />
68
saxiobiTa da ÃmiTa qnarisa da stÂrisaÁTa~ (m. sw. 15, 3); dauteve eri igi<br />
huriaTaÁ da qalaqi igi aRSfoTebuli, mZlavri igi mklveli, ucnebaÁ da<br />
saxiobaÁ yovelive soflioÁ da miiswrafe beTlemd, romel ars taZari<br />
purisa mis sulierisaÁ...~ (mwinda ioane oqropiri 1996; 132);<br />
3. RvTis sadidebeli: `uZio ufalsa Cuensa kaci erTi, romelman icodis<br />
saxiobaÁ galobaTaÁ uflisaTaÁ qnariTa~ (0, I mf. 16, 16); `keTilad<br />
galobda saxiobasa uflisasa mecnierebiT~ (O, I mf. 16, 18);<br />
`me vscemde viTarca fandurTa Zalsa, Tquen SerTuliTa saxiobiTa<br />
SeasxemdiT~ (HH_ 341, 198); `nesutsa daeciT Tavsa TTueTasa axalsa,<br />
nesutsa keTilad saswaulovansa dResaswaulisa Cvenisas! _ ese brZanebaÁ<br />
sawinawarmetyveloÁ Cuen yovlisa, _ nesutsa Ãma-umaRlÀssa da yovlisave<br />
saqmrisa saxiobisaÁsa keTilad saswaulovansa...~ (`udabnos mravalTavi~<br />
1994; 123).<br />
rogorc cnobilia, arsebobda saxiobis kidev erTi saxe _<br />
satrfialo saxioba, mocemul masalaSi gamokveTilad ar Cans satrfialo<br />
saxiobis magaliTebi. am SemTxvevaSi Cven salxino saxiobaSi vigulisxmeT<br />
satrfialo saxiobac.<br />
z. sarjvelaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis sityvis konaSi~ ganmartebulia<br />
`saxioba _ galoba, saxioba-Á _ galoba, jambazoba. saxiobeli _ simRera,<br />
sagalobeli, saxiobiT _ harmoniulad.~ (sarjvelaZe 2001). `maxioba –<br />
TvalTmaqcoba. vidremde hmaxiob, Ä ubadruko~ (sarjvelaZe 1995, 109).<br />
qristianobis gavrcelebas saqarTveloSi bunebrivad mohyva<br />
warmarTuli tradiciebis uaryofa, anda masze qristianuli simbolikis<br />
dafuZneba, moxda erTgvari sinTezi. rogorc Cans, Sua saukuneebSi<br />
eklesiisaTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda saxiobis xasiaTi (gansakuTrebiT<br />
satrfialo saxiobisa). meeqvse msoflio saeklesio krebis (680-681)<br />
dadgenilebaSi naTqvamia: `romelni samoqalaqoTa SjulTa iswavlidnen,<br />
ara uÃms, raTa Seudgnen sawarmarToTa wesTa, anu ra Teatronad<br />
aRiyvanebodian, anu srulyofdnen maT, romelTa igi kvilistrad<br />
ewodebis~ (janeliZe 1965, 157).<br />
69
ioane oqropiris qadagebebis mixedviT, `didi vnebaÁ ars da<br />
warwymedaÁ mislvaÁ Teatronad da xedvaÁ saqmeTa saZagelTaÁ: dedaTa<br />
mrokvelTaÁ, aRreulTaÁ mamaTa Tana, romelTa ganagdian bunebiTi igi<br />
sircxÂli SiSuelni imRerdian. raÁmca iyo uZÂres mun mislvisa? umjobes<br />
ar mwÂriTa dasuraÁ, vidreRa eseviTarisa urCuloebisa xedvaÁ, rameTu<br />
ara avnebs mwÂre esreT TualTa, viTar avnebs eseviTarisa borotisa<br />
xedvaÁ~ `...vswyevdeT mas, romelman Teatronni aRaSena qalaqTa Sina da<br />
saxiobani Seamzadna~ `...viTarmed keTil ars saRmrToÁ igi gloaÁ da<br />
borot ars sicili, da viTarmed friad mavnebel ars xedvaÁ TeatronTa<br />
da saxiobaTaÁ~ (mwinda ioane oqropiri 1996; 114); `amisTÂsca Teatronni<br />
aRaSenna qalaqTa Sina da saxiobani Semzadna safrÃed sulTa maTTÂs<br />
qristianeTasa~ (iqve, 120).<br />
eqvTime mTawmidlis mier gadmoRebul `rCulis kanonSi~ naTqvamia:<br />
`simRerani da mTrvalobani, mgosnobani da saxiobani da ese viTarca maT<br />
ÃmaTa saeSmakoTa smenani barbiTebisa da orRanoebisa ebanTa da winwilTa<br />
da mrokvalTa da momReralTa da xedvani ese... ujero arian, romel<br />
saqmeni arian sawarmarToni~ (janeliZe 1965, 321).<br />
eklesiam saero Teatrisa da dramis dapirispirebiT TviTon Seqmna<br />
drama da saeklesio Teatri, radganac, rogorc amas ioane oqropiri (IVs.)<br />
aRniSnavda: `ukeTu maxiobeli vinme movidis... erni Sehkrbian da dautevian<br />
yoveli saqme maTi, da aRvidian adgilsa maRalsa xilvad misTa<br />
xelovnebaTa da saxiobaTa~ (ruxaZe 1949, 48).<br />
Zvel wyaroebSi, sadac saxiobaa moxsenebuli, misi Sesrulebis<br />
qmedebis terminic Cans `saxiob~-idanve nawarmoebi: `fiziologSi~<br />
sirinozebis Sesaxeb naTqvamia: `zRvasa Sina arian da saxioben saxiobasa~<br />
(janeliZe 1965, 303).<br />
sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT: `saxioba ese ars musika<br />
mwyobri ZalTa da sakravTani da Ãmoaneba tkbili, galoba Tu musika~<br />
(saba 1993, 76).<br />
`saxiob~-idan momdinareobs saxiobeli-c da maxiobeli-c.<br />
70
`saxiobeli _ sagalobeli, an mgalobeli, musikosi, galoba:<br />
`daacxrvis simravle saxiobelTa SenTaÁ da ÃmaÁ SemasxmelTa SenTaÁ<br />
arRara ismes (O; ezek. 26, 11); `erTbamad aReRo saxiobeli~ (rifs. 171, 34)<br />
(abulaZe 1973, 384).<br />
am formebs specialuri gamokvleva miuZRvna ilia abulaZem. man<br />
erTmaneTs Seudara Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> naTargmni teqstebis sxvadasxva<br />
redaqciebi, agreTve amave teqstebis somxuri da rusuli Targmanebi da<br />
daaskvna, rom am formaTa amosavali mniSvneloba ukavSirdeba ara saxes,<br />
aramed xmis gamocemas. kerZod, Satberdis krebulis mixedviT<br />
(gadawerilia X s. 70-ian wlebSi), grigol noselis nawarmoebSi `kacisa<br />
SesaqmisaTvis~ (Targmnilia VIII-IX ss.) termini mZnobari niSnavs Zalebian<br />
sakravze damkvrels, xolo maxeobeli – Casaber instrumentebze<br />
damkvrels.<br />
i. abulaZe teqstidan ramdenime citatas imowmebs; `da rameTu kaci<br />
cxoveli ars metyueli da amisTÂs jer-ars, raiTa iyvnen Ãelnica misni<br />
Semsgavsebul metyuelebisa, viTar-igi vxedavT mZnobarTa da maxeobelTa<br />
da Semzadis TiToveulman maTman WurWeli msgavsad Znobisa mis TÂsisa,<br />
da ver Ãel-ewifebis stÂnvaÁ ebniTa da verca ebnaÁ igi stÂriTa<br />
ganwvalebisaTÂs WurWelTa maTTaÁsa...~ (abulaZe 1960, 212). teqstidan Cans,<br />
rom Sesrulebamde mZnobari da maxeobeli winaswar unda moemzados.<br />
mogvianebiT giorgi mTawmidels uTargmnia grigol noselis<br />
`SesaqmisaTvis kacTa~ da Satberdiseuli krebulis Znoba termins mis<br />
TargmanSi saxioba Seesabameba. giorgi mTawmideli wers: `yovelive guami<br />
viTarca saxiobisa raÁsme orRanoÁ Semzadebul ars, viTarca-igi iqmnebis<br />
mravalgzis mecniersa zeda saxiobisa, gina galobisasa...~ (abulaZe 1960,<br />
216).<br />
i. abulaZe saxioba, msaxiobeli, maxeobelis Zirad xe//xi formas<br />
gamoyofs da musikalur xmianobas ukavSirebs. manana kobaiZem statiaSi<br />
`vefxistyaosnis xeva terminisaTvis~ saintereso Tvalsazrisi gamoTqva.<br />
igi Seexo `vefxistyaosnis~ prologSi `marT agreTve meleqsesa leqsTa<br />
grZelTa Tqma da xeva~ taepSi naxseneb xeva masdars da aseTi daskvna<br />
71
gaakeTa: saxioba, maxeobelis Ziri `xe//xi (avtori iziarebs i. abulaZis<br />
Tvalsazriss) miRebulia xev-//xiv-fuZisagan –ob Temis – niSniseuli -o-s<br />
win -v-s dakargvis Sedegad. TviTon xev-//xiv- fuZeSi ev sufiqsi Cans: sa-x-<br />
iv-ob-a> saxioba; ma-x-ev-ob-el-i//ma-x-iv-ob-el-i>maxeobeli//maxiobeli.<br />
`leqsTa grZelTa Tqma da xeva-sTan~ dakavSirebiT z. sarjvelaZem<br />
gamoTqva gansxvavebuli mosazreba, rom `xeva zmna SoTa rusTavelma<br />
gamoiyena kazmvis, gamSvenierebis mniSvnelobiT. leqsTa grZelTa Tqma da<br />
xeva unda niSnavdes: epikuri nawarmoebis (poemis) gamoTqma da saTanadod<br />
kazmva (gawyoba)~ (sarjvelaZe 1997, 129).<br />
iv. qavTaraZis azriT: `saxioba imave saxelads fuZes iyenebs, rasac<br />
sax-av-s zmnaSi vxvdebiT: sax-e-ob > sax-i-ob...~ (qavTaraZe 1954, 108).<br />
nawarmoebia sa-x-e sityvisagan: Ziria x, romelic saerToa x-ed-av, a-x-el,<br />
Se-u-x-en-eb-av (xevsuruli), na-x-av fuZeebSi (qavTaraZe 1954, 282).<br />
Cveni azriT, saxeoba Zvel qarTulSi or mniSvnelobas iTavsebs.<br />
erTi mniSvnelobiT is dakavSirebuli iyo musikasTan (`saxioba ese ars<br />
musika mwyobri ZalTa da sakravTani da Ãmoaneba tkbili, galoba Tu<br />
musika~ (saba 1993, 76). am SemTxvevaSi marTebulia i. abulaZis mosazreba<br />
saxiobis Zirad xe//xi gamoyofasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
meore mniSvnelobiT saxioba dakavSirebuli iyo saxesTan.<br />
(saxiobasax-i-oba).<br />
sainteresoa Zvel qarTulSi moqmedebiT brunvaSi dadasturebuli sityva<br />
saxiTi:<br />
`saxiT-i _ mimsgavsebiTi: `gesma Tquen sityvaÁ arRara saxiTi da<br />
igaviTi~ (sarjvelaZe 1995, 187).<br />
radgan saxioba esaa raimes saxis, xatis, simbolos, vinmes saxis<br />
Seqmna, mimsgavseba, `saxeebiT azrovneba~, marTebuli iqneba, rogorc<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini semantikurad saxis cnebas davukavSiroT.<br />
termini saxioba XIX saukunis leqsikografebTanac gvxvdeba.<br />
72
niko CubinaSvils saxioba Setanili aqvs `qarTul leqsikonSi~, rogorc<br />
`saxioba _ Znoba, xma samusikoTa sakravTa, sagalobelTa, anu simReraTa~<br />
(n. CubinaSvili 1961, 360).<br />
d. CubinaSvili imowmebs niko CubinaSvils da saxiobas ase<br />
ganmartavs: `saxioba, s. Znoba, xma samuzikoTa sakravTa, sagalobelTa an<br />
simReraTa... saTeatro saxioba~ (d. CubinaSvili 1984, 1158).<br />
sityva saxioba naklebad, magram XIX saukunis mwerlobaSic<br />
gvxvdeba. n. baraTaSvilis `CinarSi~ saxioba gamoxatavs xmianobas:<br />
`moqSuis mtkvari, moqris niavi da SrialiTa arxevs Cinarsa,<br />
da gamoscemen saxiobasa, tkbilis ocnebiT damaZinarsa!~<br />
73<br />
(qarT. mwer. 1992, 591).<br />
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ saxioba ori mniSvnelobiT<br />
dasturdeba: 1. sanaxaoba, warmodgena. `mudam gatacebuli iyavi nadimebiT,<br />
mogwonda Teatri, saxiobani~ (s. kld.). 2. Zvel musikalur sakravTa xma an<br />
galoba; musika. `moqSuis mtkvari, moqris niavi da SrialiTa arxevs<br />
Cinarsa, da gamoscemen saxiobasa, tkbilis ocnebiT damaZinarsa~ (n. baraT.)<br />
(qegl, VI, 1960, 968).<br />
Tanamedrove qarTulSi saxioba, rogorc Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi<br />
termini, aRar ixmareba.<br />
saxiobis paralelurad qarTul enaSi gaCnda termini<br />
saxismetyveleba, romelic dRes xelovnebaSi `saxeebiT azrovnebas~,<br />
alegoriul Tu simbolur gamoxatvas, raime Sinaarsis saxeobriv<br />
warmodgenas gulisxmobs. zviad gamsaxurdias azriT, `alegoriul meTods<br />
Seesatyviseba sxvadasxva terminebi: `saxismetyvelebiTi,~<br />
`saxisSemoRebiTi~, `mopovnebiTi~, `aRyvanebiTi~, `sacnauri~, `xedvaÁ~<br />
(gamsaxurdia 1991, 61).<br />
pirvelad `saxismetyveleba~ zemoT aRniSnuli mniSvnelobiT<br />
dadasturebulia VIII saukunidan (gavixsenoT, rom 680-681 wels msoflio<br />
saeklesio krebam akrZala saxioba). termini `saxis sityuaÁ~ qarTul
TargmanSi uxmariaT berZnuli fiziologos-is nacvlad (ix. n. maris<br />
gamocemaTa seria `Тексты и разыскания по армяно-грузинской филологии~ VI CПб;<br />
1904).<br />
saxismetyvelebis monaTesave termini `saxis gamoTquma~ gvxvdeba<br />
ioane damaskelis (VIII s.) TargmanSi (k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa<br />
instituti,A 691, 91r).<br />
termini saxismetyveleba gamoiyeneba originalur mwerlobaSic. mag.:<br />
efrem mcire erT-erT TxzulebaSi nawarmoebTa Sinaarsis gaazrebis<br />
orgvar SesaZleblobas aRniSnavs: erTia pirdapiri – `ganmartebiTi~,<br />
xolo meore _ `saxismetyvelebiTi~, anu alegoriuli azris amocnoba.<br />
paralelurad ixmareba <strong>qarTuli</strong> da berZnuli terminebi: `saxeT<br />
mwmasnebloba~ _ berZnuli tÂpoplastia (saxeTa Seqmna), `saxiTmoswavebiTi<br />
– sÂmbolikos~ (saxis miniSneba), `saxis moqmedeba~ – morfopoia (formis<br />
micema), `saxis mwerloba~ – ikonografia (saxis, xatis Seqmna), `saxis<br />
CuenebiTi~, `saxis SemoRebiTi~ da a.S. (siraZe 1975, 7).<br />
sulxan-sabasTvis cnobilia termini `saxismetyveleba~, magram<br />
leqsikonSi calke leqsikur erTeulad ganmartebuli ara aqvs. Tumca<br />
gvaZlevs monaTesave terminebis axsnas: 1. `saxis mwerali –<br />
saxismetyvelebiT Tqmulsa sityvasa hrqvian.~ 2. saxis SemoReba – igavis<br />
moyvana. (saba 1991, 76).<br />
ilia abulaZe saxismetyvelebas ase ganmartavs: `saxismetyveleba –<br />
igavi, araki; r-ra zeda saxismetyvelebaÁ SesZina, (m. cx. 316 z), xolo<br />
saxismetyveli – cxovelTa bunebriv xasiaTTa Tu qcevaTa Sesaxeb<br />
metyveli, momTxrobi fiziologi: Tqua saxismetyvelman, fiz.VI.46 saxis<br />
moqmedi moqandake.~ (abulaZe 1973, 384).<br />
z. sarjvelaZis ganmartebiT `saximetyveli niSnavs moigaves, xolo<br />
saxismetyvelebaÁ _ igavTa Txrobas~ (sarjvelaZe 1997, 514).<br />
Cveni azriT, rogorc saxiobis, aseve termin saxismetyvelebis<br />
amosavali mniSvneloba saxes ukavSirdeba. igive xdeba saxismetyvelebis<br />
monaTesave terminebSi (saxis mwerloba, saxis moqmedeba). semantikuri<br />
TvalsazrisiT am terminebs Soris mimarTeba ase gvesaxeba: saxioba aris<br />
74
moqmedeba, romelsac glovis an sixarulis gamosaxatavad mimarTavdnen,<br />
xolo saxismetyveleba _ misi gadataniTi, igavuri gaazreba, Tanamedrove<br />
gagebiT _ saxeebiT azrovneba.<br />
75
§5. mRera-TamaSobis semantikuri mimarTebisaTvis<br />
xelovnebis TiToeuli dargi sakuTari eniT metyvelebs.<br />
`<strong>Teatraluri</strong> xelovneba saxeobrivi qmedebis enaa... speqtaklis saZirkveli<br />
piesaa, scenuri saxisa ki _ roli~ (uruSaZe 1999, 41). rols msaxiobi<br />
asrulebs, asaxierebs.<br />
msaxiobis moqmedebis gamomxatveli cnebis aRsaniSnavad Zvel<br />
qarTulSi gamoiyeneboda <strong>qarTuli</strong> warmoSobis termini mRera. dRes mRera<br />
musikaluri xelovnebis terminologiis kuTvnilebaa. daviwrovda misi<br />
mniSvneloba. Zvel qarTulSi ki mRera ufro farTo mniSvnelobiT<br />
ixmareboda.<br />
iv. javaxiSvili wignSi `<strong>qarTuli</strong> musikis istoriis ZiriTadi<br />
sakiTxebi~ aRniSnavs: `Tavdapirvelad da uZveles xanaSi mRera ar yofila<br />
galobis sinonimi. maSin mRera TamaSobasa niSnavda... TamaSobis<br />
aRmniSvneli iyo am uZveles xanaSi marto mRera ki ara, aramed TviT<br />
simRera-c~ (javaxiSvili 1938, 45).<br />
mRera Zvel qarTulSi polisemiuri terminia. igi dasturdeba i.<br />
abulaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikonSi:~ `mRera _ Zvra, TamaSoba,<br />
xtoma, cekva; `kicxeva,~ `mokicxva,~ dacinva. `laRoba~: `imRerdin winaSe<br />
Cuensa~ (M, msj. 16,25); `daviT... imRerda winaSe RmrTisa yovliTa ZaliTa~<br />
(M, I nSt. 13,8); `imReried raÁ matlni Soris dampalsa Ãorcsa~ (Ath.-11,203<br />
v); `emRerde mas viTarca mfrinvelsa~ (M, iob 40,24); `nu emReri ugunursa~<br />
(O, zir. 8,5); `ferÃiTa erTbamad imRerdes~ (I, es. 3,16); `mouwoda asulsa<br />
ebraelsa, raÁTa amRerebdes yrmasa mas~ (RS. Sob. 186, 18); `yrmaniRa<br />
imReried niguziTa, ginaTu sxÂTa simReriTa~ (Ath-11,78 r); `dReni da<br />
Rameni... guemRerian Cuen, viTarca yrmani raÁ imReried birTuTa<br />
mimogdebiT~ (m. sw. 253,5); `mRdelTmoZRvarni igi emRerdes (ekicxevdes C)~<br />
(DEEmr. 15,31); `emRerdes mas Rame yovel~ (G), `mokicxes igi Rame yovel~<br />
(M, msj. 19,25); `suli maZRari gulsa emRerin~ (O), (ig. sol. 27,7); `xedvides<br />
da emRerdes _ igini samsons~ (M, msj. 16,27); `imRere mis Tana da<br />
Segawuxos Sen~ (pb), _ `hlaRobde Tu SegaWuvnos Sen~ (O, zir. 30,9).<br />
76
mRera _ TamaSi: `sakicxel ars gonierTa kacTa kenWebiTa mReraÁ~ (i.<br />
abulaZe 1973, 303).<br />
z. sarjvelaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikonSi~ gvxvdeba mRera-<br />
dan nawarmoebi forma `mReralobiT-i _ gasarTobi. mamizdeebeli Tavisa<br />
TÂsisaÁ mReralobiTisa ÃelovnebisaTÂs~ [didi sj. 210,29]. (sarjvelaZe<br />
1995, 154). magaliTSi dasaxelebuli mReralobiTi xelovneba swored<br />
Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi xelovnebis <strong>terminologia</strong>s ganekuTvneba.<br />
mRera-sagan nawarmoebi forma memRerni dasturdeba basili<br />
kesarielis `swavlaTa-~s efTvime aToneliseul TargmanSi: `memRern-i<br />
mocekvaveTa da momReralTa gundi, d coroz: `mamaTa da dedaTa zogad<br />
ganawyvnes m e m R e r n i~ 187, 31; `eklesiaTa maT winaSe... memRerni<br />
ganwyvnes maT~ 180, 29 (b. kesarieli 1983, 243).<br />
amave TargmanSi gvxvdeba forma momRerali moqeifis mniSvnelobiT.<br />
`momRerali _ moqeife, d cwmasthz. `romeli m o m R e r a l i marxvasa<br />
Soris gamovida?~ 15, 33; d tranwdovz: `viTarca m o m R e r a l T a aqus<br />
orRanoebi, Semwed Ãelovnebisa maTisa, romliTa mRerad mivlen~ 38, 12<br />
(iqve, 247).<br />
`saqme ars ese memRereTaÁ da meZavTa da mokicxarTaÁ. ara ars ese<br />
saqme zecisa ierusalemsa aRwerilTaÁ, ara ars ese sagzali sasufevelad<br />
caTa wodebulTaÁ~ (wminda ioane oqropiri 1996; 220)<br />
sulxan-sabas leqsikonSi mReraze miTiTebulia, rom TamaSob-is<br />
budeSia saZiebeli: `mRera TamaSobaSi naxe ZA. morineT TamaSoba B.<br />
TamaSoba morineTa C... n. vimRere, imRera, laRoba, memRerni, momRerali,<br />
momReri, namReri, saTamaSo, simRera~ (saba 1991, 535).<br />
`TamaSoba (+ TamaSa TaTrulad sanaxavsa hqvian, xolo TamaSoba<br />
qarTulad mRera SeqcevaTa saxelia. da Z) eseca ganiyofebis<br />
(ganiyofebian A) eqvsad; asparezobad (asparesobad Aa), mRerad, fundrukad,<br />
xuntrucad, rokvad da Seqcevad... mRera ars esenica (+ da ZAB) WadrakTa<br />
da nardTa da yovelTa samorinoTa (samorineTa A) TamaSoba, da orolTa<br />
mravalgvarad brunebasac(a) mRerad(ve) ityvian~ (saba 1991, 298).<br />
77
`mRera tabliT~ ganmartebulia i. abulaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis<br />
leqsikonSi~, rogorc `ZvliT, kamaTliT TamaSi: `romeli ara imRerdes<br />
tabliT, aramed iyos igi mocale sxÂsaTÂs~ (b. kes.-equs. dRe. 122,7)<br />
(abulaZe 1973, 303).<br />
niko CubinaSvilis `qarTul leqsikonSi~ mRera Setanilia ori<br />
mniSvnelobiT: `mRera (vimReri, vmRerob) msofliuri galoba, simRera,<br />
ппеть, песни, распевать //TamaSoba (iq naxe) (fsal. 113,4 da Semdgomi:<br />
vefxist.11,83,326), играть, взыграть, скакать, игра. //(vemReri) agdeba, kicxeva,<br />
dacineba (mat. 27, 29), ругаться, насмехаться, издеваться~ (n. CubinaSvili 1961,<br />
303).<br />
`mRera, sx пение, игра, насмешка, vefx.11; bediTi mRera, злая насмешка,<br />
mRera nardisa, игра въ шашки, darej. 2 _ 67,68; vefx. 82; rusud. 412; mRereba,<br />
n. amomRereba; (vimRer, -re), vhgalob, simReras vityvi; vTamaSob nardsa,<br />
Wadraksa; игратьи въ шашки и т.п.; vimRer oroliTa, бросать копье т.е.фехтовать<br />
копьемъ, darej. 22; visr. 5; samRTo werilSi: imReried, unda imRera, играл<br />
онь; isai. 33-4; (vimReri, vemRere), masxrad vigdeb, gavhkicxav, davcineb;<br />
насмехаться, издеваться, mart. 27-29; andr. 20; mReroba (vhmRerob, -re).<br />
simReras vityvi, петь, mRereba, (vamRereb, -re), simReras vaTqmevineb,<br />
vaTamaSeb; заставить петь, играть, (visr. 3), mRerali, s. momRerali. певець, игрокь~<br />
(d. CubinaSvili 1984, 914-915).<br />
mRera gvxvdeba saSual qarTulSi. d. guramiSvilis `daviTianSi~<br />
naxsenebia im drois samefo mejlisis Semadgeneli nawilebi:<br />
`kargi iyvis aRdgomasa mefeTagan mejliSoba:<br />
zma, Sairi, galobani, CangT kvra, mRera, TamaSoba.~<br />
(guramiSvili 1992, 95. strofi 476).<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom mRera calkea dasaxelebuli, igi<br />
semantikurad mainc garToba-TamaSobis mniSvnelobas gamoxatavs. amas isic<br />
gvafiqrebinebs, rom galobani CamonaTvalSi calkea gamoyofili. `winaT<br />
galoba zogadad yovelnairi musikaluri gabmuli bgeris, anu xmis<br />
aRmniSvneli iyo~ (javaxiSvili 1938, 44).<br />
78
ogorc Cans, mweralma `galoban-Si~ igulisxma saero simRera (da<br />
ara sasuliero, ase rom yofiliyo am sityvis mniSvnelobis gageba<br />
mocemul konteqstSi gaZneldeboda. warmoudgenelia mejlisze<br />
sasuliero simReris Sesruleba).<br />
mRera-dan miRebuli mimReoba _ mRerali gvxvdeba gr. orbelianis<br />
cnobil poema `sadRegrZeloSi~.<br />
`sxva saqarTvelo sad aris, romeli kuTxe qveynisa?<br />
eri guladi, purad, mebrZoli Savis bedisa?!<br />
SavTa droT vera Sescvales mis guli andamatisa,<br />
igiv mxne, igiv mRerali, moyvare Tavis miwisa!..~<br />
79<br />
(qarT. mwer. 1992, 365).<br />
mocemul konteqstSi Znelia imis garkveva, Tu ras gulisxmobda<br />
poeti mReral sityvaSi. ufro marTebulia mocemul konteqstSi mRerali<br />
mxiarulis mniSvnelobiT gaviazroT:<br />
sityva momRerali TamaSis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba n. baraTaSvilis<br />
leqsSi `CemT megobarT~:<br />
`ahyeviT sofels, SeumCnevels da momReralsa,<br />
nu moaridebT siymawviles trfobisa alsa!~<br />
da kidev:<br />
`ar SeemsWvaloT mokiskases, kekela qalsa,<br />
sulis damtyvevnels da grZnobaTa crud momReralsa!<br />
(qarT. mwer. 1992, 582-583).<br />
orsave SemTxvevaSi momRerali semantikurad niSnavs `moTamaSes~ da<br />
saero musikis Semsrulebels.<br />
Tanamedrove qarTulSi mRera aRniSnavs saero simReras da<br />
daclilia erT-erTi Tavdapirveli mniSvnelobisagan. `mRera 1. saxeli<br />
mReris zmnis moqmedebisa, _ musikaluri nawarmoebis Sesruleba<br />
(adamianis) xmiT; galoba, simRera. `Cveni xumroba, mRera, sicili xezeda<br />
mZinar frinvels afrTxobda.~ (ilia). ◊ sxva hangze daiwyebs mReras gadat.<br />
iron. Sexedulebas, azrs gamoicvlis. dRes [menSevikebma], roca isini<br />
social-demokratias zurgs aqceven, sxva hangze daiwyes mRera da
liberalebs revoluciis centrad, mis mxsnelad aRiareben (stalini). 2.<br />
Zv. TamaSoba. mefesa ese ambavi uCns, viTa mRera nardisa (rusTaveli)~<br />
(qegl IV, 1958, 1185).<br />
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ ganmartebulia aseve zmna<br />
mReris, mis meore mniSvnelobad dasturdeba Zvel qarTulSi arsebuli<br />
TamaSobs zmnis mniSvneloba. `mReri-s (imRera, umReria) 1. xmiT musikalur<br />
nawarmoebs asrulebs (adamiani), _ simReras ambobs, galobs. patara gogo...<br />
wkriala xmiT mReroda (r. gvet.). [bavSvebi] urbendnen xes garSemo da<br />
mxiarulad mRerodnen (i. gogeb.).. 2. Zv. TamaSobs~ (qegl IV, 1958, 1185).<br />
`Tu me-11 saukunis ZeglebSi mRera winandeburad TamaSobasa da<br />
garTobasa niSnavs, me-12 saukunis ZeglebSi ki ukve saero galobis<br />
aRmniSvnelia da simRera-sac iseTi mniSvneloba aqvs, rogorc am terminis<br />
mniSvneloba exla gvesmis~ (javaxiSvili 1938, 46).<br />
SesaZloa, mRera terminis mniSvnelobis daviwroeba ganapiroba im<br />
faqtma, rom saqarTveloSi ukve XI-XII saukuneebSi Cndeba garTobis cnebis<br />
aRmniSvneli sparsuli termini TamaSi.<br />
Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si termini TamaSi semantikurad<br />
gamoxatavs msaxiobis mier rolis gansaxierebas, scenaze moqmedebas.<br />
`sabavSvo TamaSebis ubralo refleqsidan, locvidan, ritualidan,<br />
dResaswaulidan, qadagebidan – daibada scenuri TamaSi, msaxiobis<br />
xelovneba. TamaSi _ es ganuxorcielebeli survilebis ganxorcielebis<br />
iluziaa, sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi momxdari procesebis sarkea. TamaSi,<br />
sarkiseburi asaxvis miuxedavad, axladwarmoqmnadi ramaa, gansakuTrebuli<br />
fenomeni, saswauli~ (TumaniSvili 1998, 10-11).<br />
dRes farTodaa gavrcelebuli rogorc sityva TamaSi, aseve<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini TamaSi.<br />
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, Teatralur-sanaxaobiT xelovnebas CvenSi<br />
didi tradicia aqvs da, Sesabamisad, Zvel qarTulSi msaxiobis moqmedebis<br />
amsaxveli cnebis Sesatyvisi sityvac arsebobda, romelic mRera<br />
aRmniSvneliT gamoixateboda. ukve XI-XII saukuneebis literaturul<br />
ZeglebSi gvxvdeba termini TamaSoba:<br />
80
`gamiSvia SeWirveba, ara mgama yola meo.<br />
ese Tqva da sixaruliT TamaSoba adiada,<br />
mgosani da muSaiTi uÃmes, hpoves, raca sada~<br />
Aanda:<br />
`baRsa Sigan TamaSobad saRamosa gave Jamsa...<br />
momyvebodes momReralni ityodian tkbilsa xmasa,<br />
vimRerdi da vymawvilobdi, vicvalebdi ride Tmasa.<br />
81<br />
(vefx. 1986, strofi 122-123).<br />
(vefx. 1986, strofi 1134).<br />
TamaSi saSual qarTulSic dasturdeba. sulxan-sabasTan TamaSi<br />
calke ganmartebuli ar aris, magram es sityva gvxvdeba sxva sityvebis<br />
asaxsnelad. mag.: `lacici aSikT TamaSi B. ganumartavia Cb… lacicoba<br />
ÃeliT aSikT TamaSoba ZB n. velacice. (saba 1991, 408). gvaqvs TamaSoba<br />
formac: `TamaSoba (+TamaSa TaTrulad sanaxavsa hqvian, xolo TamaSoba<br />
qarTulad mRera – SeqcevaTa saxelia. da Z) eseca ganiyofebis<br />
(ganiyofebian A), eqvsad: asparezobad (asparesobad AA), mRerad,<br />
fundrukad, xuntrucad, rokvad da Seqcevad...~ (saba 1991, 298).<br />
rogorc vxedavT, leqsikografma TamaS sityvis budeSi moaqcia<br />
garToba-TamaSobaTa sxvadasxva saxeebi, romlebic aqve dawvrilebiT aqvs<br />
axsnili.<br />
TamaSoba ganmartebuli aqvs niko CubinaSvilsac: `TamaSoba<br />
(vTamaSob) Seqceva TÂTogvari (vefxist. 119, 323), играть,и игра, игры. werilTa<br />
Sina naculad amisa xmarebul ars mRera da simRera (gamos. 32, 6;<br />
vefxisty. 11; 83), romelica msofliurisa xmarebasa Sina hniSnavs saerosa<br />
galobasa. xolo gvarni TamaSobisani arian: asparezoba, Âipodromsa zeda,<br />
mxedarTa mier anZaTa da saganTa mimarT isarT sreva, orolT triali<br />
mravalgvarad, burTTa cema CogniTa, anu qveiTad rbola, Widili da<br />
egeviTarni. amaTÂs zogjerme iqmnebis daniSnuli dro, romelsac uxmoben<br />
dReobad. rokva, xltoma sxvadasxva rigiTa tanis moZravobiTa da raÁca<br />
samusikoTa sakravTa da ebanTa zeda iqnebis mgosanTa mier, rokvad<br />
iTqmian: cekva, buqna, koWa, Tulo, Cambala, jundruki, egreTve fundruki
vaJTa da xuntruci qalTa. kualad ferxisi anu ferxuli vaJTa da samaia<br />
qalTa, xardiorda mogverdiT fundruki. kualad TamaSoba anu mRera<br />
ewodebis Seqcevasa WadrakTa, nardTa da sxuaTa samorinoTa mier, anu<br />
kenWebiTa, CxirebiTa, vegiTa da misTaniTa, xolo navardoba ars<br />
Sesaqcevad siaruli cxeniTa anu qveiTad saamovnoTa adgilsa zeda~ (n.<br />
CubinaSvili 1961, 229).<br />
d. CubinaSvils TamaSa, TamaSi forma sparsulidan momdinared<br />
miaCnia: `TamaSa TamaSi (spar.), Seqceva TviTogvari; ucxo sanaxavi ram;<br />
увеселенье зрылище. (vefx. 1060; rusud. 334; visr. 34); TamaSeba Sevaqcev<br />
ymawvils, dros gavatarebineb; gavrTav ymawvils TamaSobaSi an mReraSi,<br />
забавлять игрою; rusud. 441; -krialosans, перебирать, четки, ant. 1-3; 4-4, erisT.<br />
2-53; sibr. 158; (maTamaSebs), забавляетъ меня, aleq. 5, (viTamaSeb), vimRer an<br />
vrokav, играть, плясать, rusud. 773; vuTamaSeb lamaz qalebs), Заигрывать съ<br />
хорошенькими, Cong. 93; (veTamaSebi), vhTamaSob visTanme, играть съ кемъ либо~<br />
(d. CubinaSvili 1984, 546-547).<br />
leqsikografi ase ganmartavs sityva TamaSoba-s: `TamaSoba, Seqceva<br />
TiToeulgvari: werilSi nacvlad amisa xmaroben mRerasa~ (d. CubinaSvili<br />
1984, 547).<br />
forma TamaSoba XIX saukunis mxatvrul literaturaSic gvxvdeba:<br />
`magram nu daiviwyebT, ymawvilebo, rom jiriTi aris mxolod<br />
Seqceva, xumroba, TamaSoba.~ (gr. rCeuliSvili 1965, 129).<br />
dasturdeba aseve TamaSa forma:<br />
`im dros, rodesac xalxi iyo gasuli amaRlebas TamaSad, rusudani<br />
ukve didi xnis qvrivi iyo da mwuxarebac qmris gamo hqonda mas<br />
monelebuli~ (iqve, 127).<br />
forma TamaSi gvxvdeba xeloba-daniSnulebis mawarmoebeli mo- _ -e<br />
konfiqsis darTviT:<br />
`qaixosro kaxelia, isic kargi vaJkaci, mojiriTe, moxumari, ucxo<br />
lekuris moTamaSe~ (iqve, 39).<br />
82
`xSiradre jdebodis igi wversa zedan parnasisa gundTa Soris<br />
muzaTasa, mrokveTa da moTamaSeTasa, romlis gamo mTaÁ parnasisa<br />
Seracxil iqmna mTad moleqseTa~ (`ciskari~ 1867 w. #11. gv. 24).<br />
gvxvdeba -ob sufiqsiani formac.<br />
`mxiaruli da celqi talia, mxiarul hyofs mayurebelTa Tiatrsa<br />
Sina ganmrTuÀliTa TamaSobiTa TÂsiTa~ (`ciskari~ 1867 w. #11. gv. 26).<br />
TamaSi _ es is qmedebaa, romelsac msaxiobi axorcielebs sxva<br />
adamianis saxis Seqmnisas.<br />
Tanamedrove Teatralur xelovnebaSi TamaSi, rogorc <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
termini, uxvad dasturdeba:<br />
1. `uadresi xanidan moyolebuli, adamiani yovelTvis TamaSs<br />
eswrafoda: saxalxo wes-Cveulebani, qorwili, dakrZalva, saeklesio<br />
ritualebi, saqarTveloSi berikaoba, yeenoba~ (TumaniSvili 1998, 6).<br />
2. `aseTi dResaswaulebi, TamaSobani sazogadoebisaTvis iyo meore,<br />
xelisuflebis oficialuri akrZalvebisagan Tavisufali cxovreba. anda,<br />
m. baxtinis TqmiT, karnavalSi Tavad cxovreba TamaSobs, xolo TamaSi ki,<br />
droebiT, cxovrebad iqceva~ (iqve, 8).<br />
3. `arsebobs mxolod Teatri _ TamaSi. adamianebs TamaSi rom ar<br />
hqonodaT, albaT, am saSineli nerviuli daZabulobisagan yvela Wkuidan<br />
SeiSleboda. aseTi ram xSiria revoluciebis dros – adamianebi kargaven<br />
iumoris grZnobas, TamaSis unars; ra eTamaSebaT am dros~ (iqve, 8).<br />
4. `TamaSis dros adamiani iers icvlis, icvleba misi qceva, garemo.<br />
TamaSis dros is ukve sxva adamiani xdeba, vidre realur cxovrebaSia;<br />
sxvad qcevis survili ebadeba. TamaSi _ es iseTi saSualebaTagania,<br />
romlis meSveobiTac adamiani droebiT gaurbis arsebobis<br />
yoveldRiurobas~ (iqve, 10).<br />
5. `TamaSobs yvela, TamaSoben cxovelebi, TamaSobdnen<br />
pirvelyofili adamiani – monadireebi, TamaSoben bavSvebi da ufrosebi.<br />
TamaSs TiTqos aranairi praqtikuli mizani ar unda hqondes, magram<br />
cxovelTa TamaSi iseT moZraobebsa da qmedebebs Seicavs, romlebic<br />
misTvis aucilebelia yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi~ (iqve, 6).<br />
83
6. sabavSvo TamaSebi bavSvis garemomcvel samyaroze kodirebuli<br />
cnobebis dastas waagavs. am TamaSebSi gaTamaSebuli situaciebis,<br />
movlenebis da moqmed pirTa mimarT bavSvis damokidebuleba vlindeba. Tu<br />
daakvirdebiT bavSvebis TamaSs, yovelTvis mixvdebi, ra urTierTobebia<br />
maT ojaxSi. bavSvi yovelTvis baZavs ufross, mis rols iTvisebs~ (iqve,<br />
8).<br />
7. `es Cveni scenaa. Semdeg mogvaqvs patara naZvebi da iatakze<br />
vamagrebT: namdvili tye gamogvdis. `wiTelqudas~ vTamaSobT, mgels saxes<br />
muriT vuTxapniT. wiTelqudas lamaz kabas vacmevT, bebias saxeze pudrs<br />
vayriT. erT-or repeticias gavdivarT da mayurebels veZaxiT.<br />
mayurebelTa Soris arian Cveni mSoblebi~ (iqve, 9).<br />
8. `gindaT, ofelias roli iTamaSoT? Tqvenma sityvam TiTqos<br />
fexqveS miwa gamomacala, nerwyvi Zlivs Cavylape da giTxariT, Tqven ra<br />
iciT, rom me ofelias rolis TamaSi minda-meTqi?.~ (WilaZe 1982, 211).<br />
TamaSi `xelovnebis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ asea axsnili: `TamaSi<br />
_ aqtioruli gamomsaxvelobis (metyveleba, Jesti, mimika, moZraoba)<br />
meSveobiT mxatvruli saxis Seqmna scenaze, estradaze, cirkis arenaze,<br />
kinoSi (Толк. слов. 1985, 252).<br />
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ sityva TamaSi asea<br />
ganmartebuli: `TamaS-i _ 1. TavSesaqcevi, gasarTobi moqmedeba. burTis<br />
TamaSi. _ laxtis TamaSi. _ Wadrakis TamaSi. _ banqos TamaSi. _ nardis<br />
TamaSi. _ CogburTis TamaSi. _ fexburTis TamaSi. _ me imdenad ara<br />
mSioda, ramdenadac `stumrobias~ TamaSi mindoda (akaki). rodesac maTTan<br />
TamaSi ucbad swyindeba nicasa, axla finias uZaxis, kalTaSi isvams<br />
cicasa (S. mRvim.). lizam aiyvana... xataveri kata da dauwyo TamaSi (e.<br />
ninoS.). boCi... biWebSi Caereoda..., dauwyebda maT TamaSs (r. gvet.). TamaSis<br />
xangrZlivoba ganisazRvreba bavSvis asakiTa da TamaSis xasiaTiT<br />
(`saxalxo ganaTleba~). 2. garkveuli wesiT Catareba raime Sejibrebisa, _<br />
Sexvedra, Sejibreba (sportuli, da sxva.)... 3. xelSi risame triali,<br />
moZraoba... 4. nebismieri (an uneburi) moZraoba, tokva... 5. saub. igivea, rac<br />
cekva... 6. raime rolis Sesruleba (scenaze, warmodgenaSi). mwyobri<br />
84
TamaSiT... msaxiobebi izidaven qarTvel sazogadoebas TeatrSi (d. kldi.)<br />
//figur. `raRa dros Seni tarielobaa/ sxva ara iyos-ra, Cvens droSi es<br />
roli cota sasaciloa. gansakuTrebiT Sen ar Segferis misi TamaSi!~ (r.<br />
gvet.). saSinlad mombezrda mudam Rrmaazrovani brZenis rolis TamaSi (q.<br />
baqr. Targm.)... 7. saub. gadat. arSiyoba, flirti. 8. Zv. TamaSa, seiri... 9.<br />
rTuli fuZis meore Semadgeneli nawili...~ (qegl IV, 299-300).<br />
rogorc vxedavT, sityva TamaSi polisemiuria. Teatralur<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong>Si igi pirveli da meeqvse mniSvnelobiT ixmareba.<br />
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ calkea axsnili Zveli<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> TamaSa forma (igi TamaS sityvis merve mniSvnelobadacaa<br />
aRniSnuli (ix. zemoT).<br />
`TamaSa (TamaSasi) Zv. da saub. igivea, rac seiri. `erTi mand movide,<br />
me gayurebinebT Tqvens TamaSasa!~ (T. razik.). `Cven Tu erTmaneTs mxari ar<br />
davuWireT da magisTana rameebi vilaparakeT _ naxeT Cveni TamaSa!~ (s.<br />
SanS.). `sanaxaoba, Tvalis seiri. yvelam Tavis saxlisken gaswia sruliad<br />
kmayofilma, rom es samarcxvino da gulis amazrzeni TamaSa naxa (ilia).<br />
`SegxvdebiT roca TamaSa daiwyeba~ (g. yifS. Targm.)~ (qegl, IV, 1955, 299-<br />
300).<br />
Tanamedrove qarTulSi farTod gamoiyeneba zmna TamaSobs,<br />
romelsac qegl-Si 5 mniSvneloba udasturdeba, maT Soris mexuTe<br />
Teatralur xelovnebas asaxavs: 5. raime rols asrulebs, ganasaxierebs<br />
(scenaze, warmodgenaSi). `gana pirvel aqtrisas... ase unda scmoda? sxva<br />
kintoebze uaresad? meaqlemis rols xom ara TamaSobda?!. (r. erisT.).<br />
//warmoadgens, ganasaxierebs, ganaxorcielebs, dgams (scenaze raime piesas).<br />
TamaSobdnen erT piesas cnobilsa da nanatrsa (i. griS.). TamaSobdnen<br />
`iulius keisars~ (q. baqr. Targm.)... (qegl, IV, 1955, 299-301).<br />
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ Setanilia kompoziti<br />
mRera-TamaSi _ mRera da TamaSi. sma-WamaSi, mRera-TamaSSi dauRamda xalxs<br />
es meore dReca (vaJa)~ (qegl, IV, 1958, 1185).<br />
enaSic.<br />
TamaS Ziridan nawarmoebi formebi dasturdeba azerbaijanul<br />
85
`Тамаша _ 1. sanaxaoba, speqtakli, warmodgena; 2. daTvaliereba.<br />
Тамашачы _ mayurebeli~ (hajievi, alieva 1989, 111).<br />
86
§6. godebis saxioba _ tragedia<br />
berZnul-laTinuri warmoSobis <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini tragedia<br />
`xelovnebis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ asea axsnili: `tragedia _<br />
dramatuli nawarmoebi, romelic gamoxatavs ukiduresad mwvave an<br />
Seurigebel cxovrebiseul konfliqtebs da umetes SemTxvevaSi mTavrdeba<br />
gmiris daRupviT~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 700).<br />
`ucxo sityvaTa leqsikonSi~ am terminis ori mniSvneloba<br />
dasturdeba: `tragedia [berZ. tragodia] – 1. dramatuli nawarmoebi, romelSic<br />
asaxulia Seurigebeli konfliqti, Zlieri xasiaTebisa da Rrma gancdebis<br />
Sejaxeba, rac xSirad gmiris daRupviT mTavrdeba; 2. (gadat.) saSineli<br />
ambavi, ubeduri SemTxveva; mZime gancda, tanjva.~ (usl, 1964, 375).<br />
tragedia aris dramatuli xelovnebis erT-erTi saxe, momdinareobs<br />
antikuri samyarodan da sityva sityviT niSnavs `Txebis simReras~.<br />
mogvyavs zogi cnoba an cnebebTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
`Античная драма — древнегреческая драма. Развилась из ритуального действа<br />
(драма — слово греческое и означает действо) в честь бога Диониса. Оно обычно<br />
сопровождалось хороводами, пляской и песнями (дифирамбами). Содержанием этих<br />
песен являлось сказание о похождениях Диониса. Исполнители их танцами и мимикой<br />
воспроизводили это сказание. Затем из среды хора выделился ведущий, которому отвечал<br />
хор. Роль его часто исполнялась существовавшими уже тогда профессионалами-актёрами<br />
(плясуны, разные потешные мастера и т. п., они увеселяли обычно толпу на сборищах).<br />
Некоторые исследователи полагают, что в глубокой древности о страданиях бога Диониса<br />
рассказывал жрец, приносивший при этом на алтарь в жертву козла (козёл по-гречески<br />
tragos, отсюда — трагедия).<br />
Участники ритуального действа надевали на себя маски с козлиными бородами и<br />
рогами, изображая спутников Диониса — сатиров (отсюда название — сатировская<br />
драма). Ритуальные представления происходили во время дионисий (празднеств в честь<br />
Диониса), весной и осенью. Различались дионисии «великие» — в городе, очень пышные,<br />
и «малые» — сельские, более скромные. Эти ритуальные представления и являются<br />
истоками греческого театра ~ (Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии).<br />
87
termini tragedia sulxan-sabas leqsikonSi Canamatad ikiTxeba:<br />
`traRedia ars berZnuli, niSnavs Txis kikiniviT Semsgavsebul simReras<br />
samwuxarosa.~ aq sainteresoa is, rom sulxan-saba tragediis sawyisad<br />
`simReras samwuxaros~ miiCnevs, rac berZnebs Txis kikinTan mimsgavsebul<br />
hangze hqondaT Sewyobilio~ (janeliZe 1983, 135).<br />
Zvel qarTulSi es termini semantikurad glovas, samwuxaro ambavs<br />
ukavSirdeboda.<br />
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom `xalxuri zepirsityvierebiT<br />
Semonaxuli drama `menacvale~ da `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ daculi Zveli<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> tragediis fragmenti tragedias warmogvidgens, rogorc<br />
mwuxarebis, glovisa da godebis Janrs~ (janeliZe 1980, 140).<br />
`godebis~ Janris literaturuli nawarmoebi warmoiSoba maSin,<br />
rodesac adamiani kargavs, rac misTvis yvelaze maxlobeli da Zvirfasia<br />
_ samSoblos, wres, romelSic adamiani cxovrobda da Zvirfas adamians.<br />
datireba dakavSirebuli iyo winaparTa kultTan, winapris kulti ki,<br />
Tavis mxriv, momdinareobs adamianis rwmena-warmodgenebidan sulis<br />
ukvdavebaze. glova sinkretuli xasiaTisaa is gamoixateba rogorc<br />
sityviT, ise masTan ganuyreli moqmedebiT _ garkveuli ceremonialiT,<br />
romelic sxvadasxva adgilas, sxvadasxva dros, adamianTa sxvadasxva<br />
koleqtivSi sxvadasxva saxes Rebulobs~ (sulaberiZe 2001, 100-101).<br />
k. kekeliZe godebasTan, rogorc literaturul JanrTan<br />
dakavSirebiT daaskvnis:<br />
1) savaldebulo araa, rom `godeba~ TavisTavad, rogorc<br />
damoukidebeli nawarmoebi, arsebobdes. xSirad is Casmulia romelime<br />
moTxrobis CarCoSi, rogorc erTi motivi zogadi kompoziciisa;<br />
2) Eepitafia-oda _ sityvis avtorebi mimarTaven gareSe pirT,<br />
`godebis~ avtori ki elaparakeba Tavis Tavs da godebis adresats;<br />
3) `godeba~ cdilobs gadmogvces ara imdenad realuri detalebi<br />
ambisa, rogorc amas vxedavT epitafiaSi, odasa da `samicvalebulo~<br />
sityvaSi, ramdenadac is mwuxareba da sevda, romliTac aRsavsea guli,<br />
88
gamsWvaluli saTuTi lirizmiT, Rrma sevdiTa da mwvave sulieri<br />
gancdebiT;<br />
4) epitafia-xotba _ sityvaSi sWarbobs inteleqtualur-SemecnebiTi<br />
elementi, `godebaSi~ ki _ emociur-grZnobiTi.<br />
5) epitafia-xotba _ sityvis avtorebi winaswar miznad isaxaven<br />
msmenelze zemoqmedebas, amisaTvis isini Sesafer ritorikul xerxebs<br />
mimarTaven, mgodebeli ki winaswar aseT mizans ar isaxavs, is ufro<br />
gulwrfeli da martivia~ (kekeliZe 1956, 199-200).<br />
sayuradReboa leonti mrovelis `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ daculi<br />
farsman qvelis datireba, romelSic naTqvamia, rom gardacvlili<br />
qarTlis mefis dasatireblad `...dasxdian mgosanni glovisani, da<br />
Sekrbian yovelni da aÃsenebdian simÃnesa da siquelesa, da siSuenieresa<br />
da saxierebasa farsman quelisasa, da ityodian esreT: vaÁ Cuenda rameTu<br />
mogÂZina sueman borotman, da mefe Cueni, romlisagan Ãsnil viyveniT<br />
monebisagan mterTasa, moikla igi kacTa mgrZnebelTagan da aw miveceniT<br />
Cuen wartyuenvad naTesavTa ucxoTa~ (qarTlis cxovreba, I, 53.)<br />
rogorc Cans, Cvenma winaprebma tragediis arsi gadmosacemad<br />
termini tragedia SeusabamoT miiCnies da paralelurad Seqmnes<br />
TviTmyofadi terminebi: `mosawevarTmetyebe~ (tragikulTa filosofosad<br />
ganmartebuli) da `glovis mgosani~.<br />
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, Zvel saqarTveloSi `salxino mgosnebis~<br />
gverdiT arsebobdnen `glovis mgosnebi~ micvalebulis damtirebels<br />
specialuri terminiT `glovis mgosniT~ moixseniebdnen. termini `mgosani~,<br />
rogorc iv. javaxiSvilma da ak. SaniZem gaarkvies, Zveli sparsulidan<br />
(`kosan~, `gosan~) unda iyos Semosuli saTanado saxecvlilebiT, TavSi<br />
mimReobis m formantis darTviT~ (janeliZe 1983, 153).<br />
`Wan. m-gar//b-gar _ tirili megr. gar _ tirili, qarT. gl-ov _<br />
datireba~ (a. Ciqobava 1938, 259).<br />
sityva glova/gloaÁ fonetikuri saxesxvaobiT da misgan nawarmoebi<br />
formebi: mgloare/mglovare Zvel qarTul originalsa Tu naTargmn<br />
ZeglebSi uxvad dasturdeba:<br />
89
`rameTu yovelni kacni soflisani saSurvel da sanatrel hgonebdes<br />
sixarulsa da gancxromasa Sina myofTa, xolo mwuxarebasa da gloasa da<br />
siglaxakesa Sina myofni sawyalobelad Seeracxnes~ (ioane oqropiri 1996,<br />
239).<br />
`xolo romelTa mgloareTaTÂs ityÂs? garna romelni igi codvaTa<br />
TÂsTaTÂs iglovden, rameTu meore igi gloaÁ, romelni igi codvaTa<br />
TÂsTaTÂs iglovden, rameTu meore igi gloaÁ, romeli iqmnebodis<br />
soflioÁsa raÁsme da warmavalisa saqmisaTÂs friad dayenebul ars~ (iqve,<br />
240).<br />
`amas eseviTarTa mgloareTa hnatris ufali, rameTu keTil ars<br />
eseca mcnebaÁ da yovlisave sibrZnisa maswavlel, rameTu ukueTu romelni<br />
iglovdian sikudilisaTÂs Svilisa sayuarelisa...~ (iqve, 240).<br />
`saWiro ars gloaÁ da sawyino, amisTÂs eseviTari igi sasyideli<br />
aRuTqua mglovareTa~ (iqve, 240).<br />
`xolo gloaÁ bZanebul ars Cuenda ara TÂsTa oden codvaTaTÂs,<br />
aramed moyvasisaTaca, viTarca iqmodes wmidani igi~ (iqve, 242).<br />
`yovliT kerZo keTil ars mcnebaÁ ese gloÁsaÁ da friad sargebel,<br />
rameTu vinaÁTgan Wiri amis sawuTroÁsaÁ saukunoÁsa gansuenebisa<br />
momatyuebel iqmnebis~ (iqve, 242).<br />
sityva glova gvxvdeba aseve himnografiul Tu sxva saxis<br />
sasuliero mwerlobis nawarmoebebSi:<br />
`yrma saSoÁTgan da mucliT STamosruli<br />
pirvelsa Ãmasa tiriliT ganutevobs,<br />
yovelTasave viTar pirvelis Ãmisa<br />
msgavs mtiralobisa inebebs brZeni vinme<br />
gloÁT, rameTu ars Semosuli sawuTod~<br />
(ianbikoni ioane oqropirisani; k. kekeliZe 1980, 612)<br />
Cvens interess iwvevs sulxan-sabasTan dadasturebuli forma<br />
maJmobeli. maJmobeli _ sagalobel-Ãmoaneba ZA. sagloelÃmoaneba,<br />
galoba, Tu rac B. maJmobeli (ese Cq) ars galoba samkdro anu sxva Ãma<br />
rame glovisa(ni) Cbq. galoba samkdro anu Ãma rame gloisa D. andria<br />
90
salosis wignSi maJmobeli galobad samkdrod anu sxvad Ãmoanebad<br />
gamoaCina E ~ (saba 1991, 437).<br />
`glovis mgosnis gverdiT arsebobda kidev erTi termini _<br />
mosawevarTmetyebe.<br />
d. janeliZe `glovis mgosanze~ ufro Zvel terminad<br />
`mosawevarTmetyebes~ miiCnevs.<br />
mosawevarTmetyebe dasturdeba ioane qsifilinosis metafrasebis<br />
qarTul TargmanSi (XII). `mosawevarTmetyebad uwoden tragikulTa<br />
filosofosTa~.<br />
orive _ `glovis mgosanic~ da `mosawevarTmetyebec~ saxiobis erT-<br />
erTi Janris – tragediis Semsrulebels aRniSnavda, magram maT Soris<br />
semantikuri TvalsazrisiT gansxvavebaa. pirveli gamoxatavda konkretuli<br />
datirebis Semsrulebels, xolo – mosawevarTmetyebes ufro zogadi<br />
mniSvneloba hqonda da niSnavda `sibrZnismetyvels~.<br />
semantikuri TvalsazrisiT interess iwvevs termini<br />
mosawevarTmetyebe. samwuxarod, es termini leqsikur erTeulad ar<br />
Sesula <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ZiriTad Tu dargobriv _ Teatralur leqsikonebSi.<br />
termini kompozituri mimReobaa: mosawevarT-metyebe – mo-sa-wev-ar-T<br />
_ me-tyeb-e. am kompozitis pirveli Semadgenlis Ziria wev, xolo meorisa<br />
– tyeb.<br />
mosawevarTmetyebis orive nawili cal-calke ganmartebulia<br />
sulxan-saba orbelianTan: `mosawevari _ wartyvevna ZABC (saba 1991, 505).<br />
es ukanaskneli garkveuli fonetikuri procesis, kerZod, metaTezisis<br />
Semdeg Setanilia leqsikonSi, rogorc `wartyuÀnva ZABCab, wartyvenva<br />
(qD) (+14,2 zaq. ZAa) srulad datyveveba ZA. sruli dartyvevebaB.<br />
wartaceba yovlisave CD. n. ayra, wdola (saba 1991, 367).<br />
sityva mosawevari dasturdeba Zvel qarTulSi: `mosawevar-i _ xarki,<br />
kabala. Tavisufali damonebuli gantevebul iqmnas raÁ mosawevarisagan,<br />
kualad ukuniRebn pirvelsave pativsa da mdgomareobasa [didi sj. 139, 39]<br />
(sarjvelaZe 1995, 141).<br />
91
d. CubinaSvili mosawevars ufro vrclad ganmartavs: `mosawevari,<br />
mosawevi – zed an mdevari, mdevrad gagzavnili, Tavzed mosavali, bedi,<br />
bediswera.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis dialeqtebidan xevsurulSi dasturdeba wev-/wiv-<br />
fuZeebisgan nawarmoebi mravali sityva, romelTagan yuradRebas iqcevs<br />
garkveuli sityvebi da Sesityvebani, romlebic, Cveni azriT, semantikur<br />
msgavsebas avlenen leqsema mosawevarTan: laSwarTmwevarT saflavi,<br />
mawevari, miuwevari, miqielis mwevarni, mwevarni/mwevrebi. am ukanasknels<br />
Zalian didi roli ekisra xevsurebTa warmarTul religiur<br />
warmodgenebSi: `mwevarn-i/mwevr-eb-i RvTaebaTa damxmareni. amasTanave<br />
TviTeul RvTaebas hyavs xelqveiTi da damxmare mwevrebi da iasaulebi,<br />
romlebic maT nebas da brZanebas asruleben~ (makal. 230,4); (WinWarauli<br />
2005, 635). isic cnobilia, rom xaxmatSi aris erT-erTi yvelaze Zlieri<br />
salocavi, sadac daculi iyo jvari, ganZi, wm. giorgisa da dobilis<br />
xatebi, aseve mwevris saflavi-Semawevari uSviloTaTvis.<br />
Cveni azriT, leqsema mosawevari uZvelesi <strong>qarTuli</strong> sakraluri<br />
daniSnulebis sityvaa, romelic leqsikurad ukavSirdeba beds,<br />
bedisweras, rogorc amas d. CubinaSvili miuTiTebs. mosawevar-is Sinaarsi<br />
SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes <strong>qarTuli</strong> warmarTuli panTeonidan.<br />
mosawevarTmetyebis meore nawilis fuZea Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> tyeb/tyep,<br />
romelic sulxan-sabasTan ase dasturdeba: `tyeba (+50,10 dabad. ZA) Tavs<br />
cema ZABCDE. n. etyeba, ityeba.~ (saba 1991, 149). `[tyep (tyip) n. ityepda,<br />
motyipa, natyepi]. (saba 1991, 149).<br />
d. CubinaSvili tyebas ase ganmartavs: tyeba, s.…(vityeb, -be) vvaeb,<br />
TavSi vicem, vvalaleb, vhgodeb, vhgvrinav, рыдать, оплакивать, 1. qarTl. 275;<br />
334; mat. 2-18; saqm. 8-2; samRuTo werilSi vityeb-is magierad uxmariaT<br />
vetyeb. etyebdes, etyebdnen, ierem. 8-2, 16-6, n. tyepa~ (d. CubinaSvili 1984,<br />
1230).<br />
Zvel qarTulSi dasturdeba forma metyebari. `metyebar-i mtirali<br />
da aha mun dedani msxdomareni, metyebarni Tamuzisni [ezekieli 8,15 (gel)]~<br />
(z. sarj. 1995; 115).<br />
92
zmna tyeps damowmebulia qegl-Si: `tyep-s (saub.) scems (xeliT) =<br />
Sdr.: ityeps, ityipeba, tyepa, natyepi, tyepa (saub.) saxeli tyeps zmnis<br />
moqmedebis. (qegl, 1990; 920)<br />
Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> terminis _ mosawevarTmetyebes mniSvneloba ase<br />
gvesaxeba: es iyo filosofiurad moazrovne adamiani, romelic ki ar<br />
dastiris ama Tu im micvalebuls (rogorc `glovis mgosnis~ SemTxvevaSi<br />
gvaqvs), aramed moTqvams wuTisoflis warmavlobasa da bedisweraze.<br />
93
§7. godebis gundis aRmniSvneli terminis _ `zrunis~ Sesaxeb<br />
termini `zruni~ `xelovnebis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ asea axsnili:<br />
zruni _ gundi, romelic imeorebs momRerali solistis teqsts (Zv.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> termini). (зруни – хор, вторящий солисту – певцу (древногрузинский<br />
термин). zruni (груз.) (Толк. слов. 1985, 251).<br />
aqve termini zruni naxsenebia godebis ganmartebaSi. `godeba _<br />
(glova) – gansakuTrebuli Zveli – <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> saSemsruleblo<br />
Janri, romelSic monawileobdnen solisti momRerali – mgosani da gundi<br />
_ zruni. godebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia is, rom, rogorc momReral-<br />
mgosani, ise gundi – zruni simReras asrulebdnen mimikuri moZraobebisa<br />
da cekvebis TanxlebiT (Толк. слов. 1985, 174).<br />
datirebas raWaSi `zruns~ uwodeben~ (virsalaZe 1958).<br />
am terminis Sesaxeb saTanado informacia `<strong>qarTuli</strong> musikis<br />
istoriis ZiriTad sakiTxebSi~ iv. javaxiSvilma adreve warmoadgina:<br />
cnobilia, rom micvalebulis datirebisa da moTqmiT tirilis dros<br />
Zvel saqarTveloSi banis micema imdenad aucilebel wesad iyo miRebuli,<br />
rom aseTi banisaTvis sagangebo terminic ki Seiqmna da zruni<br />
ewodeboda~ (javaxiSvili 1990, 299).<br />
sainteresoa mTis raWaSi gavrcelebuli e.w. zruniT datireba<br />
(romelic XXI s-mde arsebobda). igi ZiriTadad qalTa Semoqmedebaa,<br />
mamakacebi mxolod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi, mZime mwuxarebis Jams<br />
asrulebdnen. datirebas koleqtiuri xasiaTi hqonda, romelSic, vaxuSti<br />
batoniSvilis TqmiT, monawileobdnen ara Wirisufalni, aramed sxvani mun<br />
myofni~ (`xmiT natirlebi~ 1981, 3).<br />
WirisufalTan samZimarze misulebidan erTi, wamyvani xma iwyebda<br />
reCitativis formis teqsts, xolo danarCenebi mas ahyvebodnen. `zruniT~<br />
umetes SemTxvevaSi xeobis, soflis, mTis Rirseul Svils acilebdnen.<br />
motiralis moTqmaSi aisaxeboda gardacvlilis Rirseba, sikvdilTan<br />
damokidebuleba da warmosaxva gansvenebulis suleTSi Sesvlis Sesaxeb.<br />
94
termini zruni sanaxaobiTi kulturis erT-erTi ritualis<br />
aRmniSvnelia. es termini Zvel qarTulSi ar dasturdeba. termini zruni<br />
sulxan-sabasTan ganmartebulia rogorc `godebis bani, tirili~ (saba<br />
1991, 287). leqsikografi am sityvas ganixilavs agreTve tiril sityvis<br />
budeSi. `godeba ars ÃmakeTilobiT (t da ZA) zrun-SewyobiT (zrun-<br />
SebanebiT B) guli(s) satkivarTa sityvaTa mgosnoba, xolo zruni Sebaneba<br />
misi~ (saba 1991, 139).<br />
sabas ganmartebas imowmeben niko da daviT CubinaSvilebi: `zruni –<br />
godebis bani mtiralTagan~ (n. CubinaSvili 1960; d. CubinaSvili 1984).<br />
zruniT datireba s. makalaTias ase aqvs aRwerili: tirian moTqmiT<br />
zogjer datireba `zruniT ician, romelic CvenSi gavrcelebul `zars~<br />
waagavs (makalaTia 1987, 69). iv. javaxiSvili zemoT xsenebul wignSi<br />
aRniSnavs: samgloviaro moTqmiT tirils zari ewodeba. mis bans<br />
gansakuTrebuli saxeli zruni [aqvs]... safiqrebelia, rom Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
galobis monaTesave unda iyos tirilisa da datirebis, godebis<br />
gamomxatveli megruli termini gara-ca da mongara-c, romelic<br />
Tavdapirvelad mainc, moTqmiTa da SebanebiT –zruniT, xma-Sewyobili<br />
tirilis aRmniSvneli unda yofiliyo~ (javaxiSvili 1990, 264, 40).<br />
svaneTSi zari mamakacTa monawileobiT sruldeba, kidev arsebobs<br />
mamakacTa datireba litentural – `gasvenebisas~ (`satiralze~), kacebs<br />
TavSi xelebis waSena sCveviaT (sv. leqs. 2000, 448). Litental bz. _ TavSi<br />
xelebis waSeniT moTqma (iqve, 449) ix. > lisentyual – TavSi xelebis<br />
waSena... RuaJars laguanJi lisentyual; qalTa datireba _ lilWal (bz.,<br />
bq.); lireWal (lent.); lirWal (lSx.) (iqve, 440) da ÃeduiS ligne. es<br />
ukanaskneli Sesrulebis formiTa da SinaarsiT zruns waagavs;<br />
WirisufalTan samZimarze misuli qalebi naxevarwred dgebian, moTave<br />
CamoTvlis mTeli xevis micvalebulebs, danarCeni ki hirgs eubnebian.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> dialeqtebidan zruni dadasturebulia xevsurul<br />
dialeqtSi; `msxvilfexis xmamaRal xmianobas yvirili ewodeba xmadabals<br />
– zruni~ (WinWarauli 1960, 233).<br />
95
zrunav-s, dabal xmaze xmianobs msxvilfexa pirutyvi. zrun-i (Sdr.<br />
saba; zruni, fS.; zrinavs, zrinva, p. xubutia: zrinvaÁ), g. SaraS. zrumuni)<br />
(WinWarauli 2005, 337).<br />
TuSur dialeqtSi damowmebul zrinvas ori mniSvneloba udasturdeba:<br />
zrinvaÁ-1. zmuili saqonlisa; 2. adamianis kvnesa tkivilisa da mwuxarebis<br />
gamo. avaime rad gvereTali zrinavs Cuen Ãari~. `biWu Áaq raRad zrinau~.<br />
(xubut. 1969).<br />
amosaval mniSvnelobad `saqonlis zmuilia~ miCneuli. Sdr.: zrinvaÁ<br />
(zrinavs): 1. Zroxis zmuili `fur ro xbos aCens, tkivilis Sewuxebul<br />
zrinavs~. 2. gadat. adamianis gauTavebeli wuwun-Civili raimeze. `magis<br />
zrinvasac aRar saSvel dadgeb, rodimden eg unda iambos?~ (cocaniZe 2002,<br />
165).<br />
zrinva gvxvdeba Zvel qarTulSic. z. sarjvelaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
enis leqsikonSi~ zrinva asea ganmartebuli: zrinva _ dayvireba: 1.<br />
erTbaSad yovelman erman izrinves da aRiRes cecxli da gadawunes<br />
saxlni bilwTa maT sabines da kriskentinqsni safuZvlamde~.<br />
zrinva-Á _ yvirili: `Seqmnes zarisadsaÃdelni zrinvani da yivilni~<br />
(sarjvelaZe 1995, 84).<br />
zrinva sabasTanacaa damowmebuli da aRniSnavs rogorc sagnis mier<br />
gamowveul xmianobas, ise adamianis xmianobasac, oRond gansxvavebuli<br />
niuansebiT, `zrinva – jarT daTqrialeba z. jaris daTqrialeba A. jarT<br />
Tqriali B. TqrialiviT C. darejan: izrin(v)a qaravanman da Semogvidga<br />
ukan. `"PE~ (saba 1991, 286). daTqrialeba sabas ar ganumartavs, magram es<br />
sityva ganmartebulia d. CubinaSvilTan: iTqmis jarTaTvis anu cxenTa:<br />
fexis xmas davayeneb, поднять топот, шум.<br />
zrinva sabas leqsikonSi axsnilia agreTve RaRadeba sityvis budeSi<br />
rogorc adamianis sasixarulo SeZaxili [ewodebis...] `mterTa ganromilTa<br />
kacTagan sasixarulo Ãma-yofiT RaRadebasa – zrinva~ (saba, 1991, 245).<br />
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ zrinva damowmebulia<br />
`sityvis konidan~: zrinva Zv. jarT daTqrialeba~ (saba) (qegl, IV).<br />
96
zrunic da zrinvac xmasTan, xmianobasTan aris dakavSirebuli. Cans,<br />
esenic xmabaZviTi sityvebia. SesaZloa, Tavdapirvelad zrun-/zrin- fuZeebi<br />
mxolod cxovelTa xmianobas gamoxatavda, SemdgomSi ki sityvis<br />
mniSvneloba gafarTovda da adamianis verbaluri da sensualur-<br />
mentaluri unaris gamoxatvac itvirTa (ix. zrunva, `wuxili, dardi,<br />
fiqri~) (qegl, IV).<br />
xmianobasTan dakavSirebuli zrun/zrin fuZeTa analogiuri<br />
struqturis sityvebi dasturdeba rogorc Zvel, aseve axal qarTulSi:<br />
burdnaÁ `xmadabla laparaki~, CurCnaÁ/CurCunaÁ `CurCuli~, dtrÂnvaÁ<br />
`SfoTi, wyroma~; Ruminva `RuRuni~; frfinvaÁ `Seqeba~, WrWinvaÁ `WikWiki~...<br />
(sarjvelaZe 1995, 53, 76, 222, 252). zogierTi am rigis sityva, gansaxilvel<br />
zrun/zrin sityvaTa msgavsad, polisemiuria, da ixmareba rogorc<br />
cxovelis, ise adamianis garkveuli saxis xmianobis gamosaxatavad. Sdr.:<br />
Zv. qarT. Wrtinva `WikWiki~ > `Civili, wuxili,~ WrtinvaÁ `Civili, wuxili,<br />
fiqri~ (sarjvelaZe 1995, 273), dvrinva... dabali boxi xmiT mRera, galoba<br />
//RuRuni (qegl, III, 1156). gvrin-i... Zv. da kuTx. (xevs.) erTgvar kiloze<br />
saTqmeli mTibluri simRera. Ggvrinva... Zv. sagloeli (=glovis<br />
gamomxatveli) xmianoba~ (saba), _ vaeba, godeba~ (iqve, II), Zv. <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
gurinva `tirili~ (sarjvelaZe 1995, 54).<br />
zrun-zrin leqsemaTa kavSiris Ziebisas fuZeebSi u/i monacvleobis<br />
sakiTxi dgeba. amgvari nawilobrivi umlautizacia qarTul enasa da mis<br />
dialeqtebSi Cveulebrivi movlenaa. Sdr.: Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> fuc-fic<br />
`qarTulSi fuc fuZis u-s da i xmovniT (fic) Senacvleba unda iyos<br />
asimilaciis erT-erTi saxeobis Sedegi, (rogava 1962, 47). xmovanTa am<br />
rigis Senacvlebis faqtebi dasturdeba <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis dialeqtebSic.<br />
Sdr.: cun (ingil.) `cvili, wminda sanTeli; `xvintrici, (gur.) sicil-<br />
TamaSi. Sdr: xuntruci; WuWyna, (imer.) WiWyna, uxeirod recxva; kvircxli,<br />
(leCx.) cremli, kurcxali; kviWe, mkviWe, mkuWe, (gur.) metad mwife xilze<br />
ityvian; funTxi, (imer. gur.) Tqori, wvrili wvima; funTxavs-Wyumplavs,<br />
wvrilad wvims, Sdr: finTxli, (leCx.) Tovlis fifqi, fanteli; fiTqini,<br />
97
(imer.) saymawvilo seni, fuTqi (ix. Rlonti, 1984) xvirjini (imer. raW.)<br />
xurjini, (qegl, VIII) da a.S<br />
zrun- fuZidan iwarmoeba zrunva da zrunavs. Sdr. xevs. zruni.<br />
(`msxvilfexis xmadabali xmianoba~) > zrunavs (~dabal xmaze xmianobs~...);<br />
zrunva gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba Zvel qarTulSi,<br />
`vefxistyaosanSi~, sulxan-sabasTan da axal qarTulSi.<br />
`abos wamebaSi~ vkiTxulobT: amisTÂs SiSman da zrunvaman Semipyra<br />
me da SeSfoTna godebaÁ Cemi da daveci da movakldi mecnierebisagan~<br />
(abo 1960, 44).<br />
`grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~ grigolis mRvdlad kurTxevasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT naTqvamia: `xolo amas netarca daRacaTu aqunda siyuaruli<br />
mRdelobisaÁ, Sezrunda sityuasa maTsa zeda da SiSi daeca siaxlisaTÂs<br />
hasakisa misisa~ (xanZTeli 1960, 134).<br />
`aramed mamaÁ miqel Sezrunda mimdemi samaradisosa mas brZolasa<br />
da mowafe TÂsi miavlina sulierad moZRurisa TÂsisa mamisa grigolissa<br />
da auwya yoveli igi gansacdeli sulTa borotTaÁ~... (xanZTeli 1960, 176).<br />
`xolo sanatreli dedaÁ febronia zrunvasa Sina iyo, rameTu<br />
mwyemsad maTda Cinebuli sarwmunoÁ mRdeli, mamisa grigolis mivlenili,<br />
gardaicvala~ (xanZTeli 1960, 177).<br />
zrunva semantikurad dakavSirebulia wuxilTan, urvasTan, (me-urv-e,<br />
mo-u-rav-i), Sezrunda igivea, rac `Sewuxda~, `<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT<br />
leqsikonSic~ asea ganmartebuli: `zrunva ...saxeli zrunavs, zmnis<br />
moqmedebisa: 1. wuxili, dardi, fiqri vinmeze an rameze, gamaZRari da<br />
taxtze gadagorebuli luarsabi axla xvalisaTvis daiwyebda zrunvasa<br />
(ilia)...//garja, Tadarigis daWera. gogia sami-oTxi TviT windawin<br />
Seudgeboda saaxalwlo pur-Rvinoze zrunvas...; 2. movla, patronoba,<br />
amagis gaweva, _mzrunveloba. rusudans Tavisi Zmis vaJi daviTic uyvarda<br />
da dedobriv zrunvas ar aklebda pirvel xanSi. (i. gogebaSvili)~<br />
`vefxistyaosanSi~ gvxvdeba mozrunveba misamZimrebis mniSvnelobiT:<br />
`didebulni moexvivnes, mouzrunves maT col-qmarTa.~<br />
98<br />
(`vefx.~, 1628).
mzia andronikaSvils <strong>qarTuli</strong> zrun- (zrun-v-a) fuZe warmoqmnil<br />
saxelad miaCnia: zrun
155). svanuris fuZe (li-z re) g. klimovis aRniSnul leqsikonSi ukve<br />
grZeli xmovniTaa warmodgenili.<br />
svanuri zar fuZis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb arsebobs gansxvavebuli<br />
azric. es sityva svanurSi <strong>qarTuli</strong>dan nasesxebad miaCniaT da ukavSireben<br />
`dazarebas~ Sdr; naz r{u} (bz)... `danazogi~ * zur-<br />
un> zrun//zrun-i (erTeliSvili 1970, 255).<br />
osuri enis digorul dialeqtSi gvxvdeba osur. dig. zarun _ петь.<br />
cnobilia, rom raWvelebsa da Crdiloel osebs saukuneebis manZilze<br />
mWidro urTierToba hqondaT. osuri sityvebi dasturdeba <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis<br />
raWul dialeqtSic da piriqiT. SesaZlebelia, vifiqroT, rom osurSi es<br />
sityva <strong>qarTuli</strong>dan, kerZod, raWulis gziT moxvda, _ miT ufro, rom<br />
saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi sanaxaobiTi ritualis aRmniSvneli es<br />
termini arsad dasturdeba (arsebobs xmiT tirili, moTqmiT tirili,<br />
daTvliT tirili, (daTvla), zariT tirili (zari), gvrini, TuSuri<br />
`dalaoba~ da a.S). magram es azri jerjerobiT mxolod varaudis doneze<br />
SeiZleba ganixilebodes. SeiZleba sesxebis sapirispiro mimarTulebis<br />
daSvebac.<br />
rogorc vxedavT, zrun- fuZesTan dakavSirebiT qarTul<br />
saenaTmecniero literaturaSi arsebobs urTierTgamomricxveli<br />
mosazrebebi.<br />
Cveni azriT, zrun-i xmabaZviTi sityvaa, misi amosavali mniSvneloba<br />
msxvilfexa cxovelis xmadabal bRavils, an gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT<br />
adamianis mier gamocemuli msgavsi xmianobis gamoxatvas ukavSirdeba.<br />
100
analogiisaTvis Sdr.: zmuil-i... gabmuli xmadabla bRavili (saqonlisa)...<br />
gadat. zmuilis xma. [solikos] mTrTolvare tuCebidan raRac xangrZlivi<br />
kvnesa, oxvra Tu zmuili aRmoxda (ek. gab.) (qegl, IV).<br />
zrun- fuZis semantikuri cvlileba ase gvesaxeba: zrun-i<br />
`msxvilfexis dabali xmianoba~ (xevs.) > gadat. adamianis moTqma, tirili,<br />
wuxili, Sdr; wux-s... wuxiliT aris Sepyrobili-naRvlobs... gadat.<br />
zrunavs, fiqrobs, (vinmeze an rameze) (qegl, VIII).<br />
zrun- fuZis mniSvnelobis metaforuli cvlileba safuZvlad daedo<br />
am sityvis terminologizacias: zrun-i motiralis moTqma, Sdr; zruni<br />
`godebis bani~ _ saba).<br />
termin zrun-is saSualebiT motiralis moTqmis procesis<br />
gamoxatvasTan erTad am procesis Semsrulebeli gundis aRniSvnis<br />
funqciis SeTavseba (Sdr.: zrun-i gundi, romelic imeorebs momRerali<br />
solistis teqsts). terminologiuri sistemisaTvis arcTu sasurveli,<br />
magram mainc faqtia da enaTmecnierebaSi `kategorialuri<br />
mravalmniSvnelianobis~ saxeliTaa cnobili (RambaSiZe 1985, 26-27).<br />
101
§8. erTi miviwyebuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminis Sesaxeb<br />
ucnobi avtoris dramatul piesaSi `samsaxeoba raindisa~, romelic,<br />
s. iordaniSvilis azriT, savaraudod XIX s-is dasawyisSi unda<br />
daweriliyo, gvxvdeba saintereso <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini `qsovili~. es aris<br />
Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> sanaxaobiTi xelovnebis `saxiobis~ manamde ucnobi Janri.<br />
d. janeliZe wignSi `<strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris istoria~ pirveli miuTiTebs<br />
am Janris aRmniSvnel Teatralur terminze da aRniSnavs: `qsovili aris<br />
Janri `salaRobo~, `amxanagTa saTrevelad~ gamarTulio~ (janeliZe 1983,<br />
179).<br />
mcire nimuSi piesidan:<br />
`Tavadi _ (ityvis) vsTqvaT qsovili rame, ara fuWe. mohyevi mexaZe!<br />
mexaZe _ iaros dReman.<br />
siraZe _ iaros Jamman.<br />
darbaiseli _ waxdnen wuTni da weliwadT droni.<br />
siraZe _ ganibnas oqro.<br />
Tavadi _ gaiafdes vercxli.<br />
darbaiseli _ mokvdes Wabuki Tavis momwoni.<br />
mexaZe _ me damavaleT axla.<br />
siraZe _ (etyvis) sTqu da!<br />
mexaZe _ maSin gamdelman sadRa mosZebnos<br />
misi TavqvaZe Tavis momqoni!<br />
darbaiseli _ ama Tqmazeda TavqvaZe brZensa,<br />
sibrZnisa mcensa gaecineba.<br />
mexaZe _ mimoqceviTa, qudis moxdiTa,<br />
mwiTurTa mgelTa SeeZineba~.<br />
(`samsax. raindisa~ 1947, 47-48)<br />
piesis gmirebi qmnian, Txzaven literaturul nawarmoebs _ leqss,<br />
romelic koleqtiuri Semoqmedebis nayofia. marcvalTa raodenoba yvela<br />
striqonSi gansxvavebulia. miuxedavad amisa, leqsi sakmaod marjved aris<br />
102
gariTmuli, ase vTqvaT, kargad moqsovili. Teatralur termin qsovil-s<br />
swored es mniSvneloba daedo safuZvlad.<br />
aRsaniSnavia is, rom <strong>Teatraluri</strong> sanaxaobis aRmniSvneli es<br />
termini ar dasturdeba arc `rusul – <strong>qarTuli</strong> dramatuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
xelovnebis terminebSi~ (Tb., 1980) da arc `xelovnebis ganmartebiT<br />
leqsikonSi~ (Tb., 1985), faqtobrivad, rogorc <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini, arc<br />
erT Sesabamis leqsikonSi damowmebuli ar aris. Cveni azriT, termin<br />
`qsovils~ sruli ufleba aqvs Teatralur leqsikonSi leqsikur<br />
erTeulad damkvidrdes.<br />
sityva qsovili momdinareobs qsovs zmnisgan da sufiqsiT<br />
nawarmoebi sawyisia _ qsov-il-i. gvaqvs uafiqso qsova forma.<br />
sulxan-saba orbeliani qsovas ase ganmartavs: `qsova (qsoa ZA)<br />
qselis zediT SeZerwva (ZA). qseli zediT SeZerwo (B). ganumartavia (CDE).<br />
n. anaqsv, ganaqsua, eqsova, vqsov, vqsovdi, miqsova, mqsoveli, naqsovi, naqsv,<br />
sagsvali, saqusali, uqsova, qusavs, Seeqsova, warmonaqsvi~ (saba 1991, 235).<br />
1991, 235).<br />
leqsikografs ganmartebuli aqvs: `qsovili n. oqroqsovili~ (saba<br />
n. CubinaSvilis `rusul–qarTul leqsikonSi~ Setanilia «Ткань...<br />
naqsovi, yovelive raÁca moqsovil ars feiqrisagan. Тку, тчешьи и точешь,<br />
ткать, vhqsov – ткати песни (сл.), SeTxzulad, Sewyobilad sagalobelTa.<br />
фраза.<br />
anaqvsi _ s. naqsovi, ткать, Wkuvisa, выдумка ума, qil. 600; _ leqsisa,<br />
anaqvsiani _ zed. tanadi, статный (SavT. 51).<br />
naquisi n. naqvsi an naqsovi~ (n. CubinaSvili 1973, 553).<br />
qsovili niko CubinaSvilis `qarTul leqsikonSic~ ar dasturdeba,<br />
Tumca gvaqvs naqsovis, naqusis, qs(e)lis, qsovis ganmartebebi.<br />
`naqsovi _ lari, samoseli, Sali da raÁca saqme feiqrisa ars<br />
(gamos. 28. 8; vefxistyaosani, 1139); ткань, Исткание~ (n. CubinaSvili 1961, 316)<br />
`naqusi _ naqsovi, da zogan xmarebul ars anZis adgils (naxe saye,<br />
xale) (isai. 33. 23), Щегла~ (n. CubinaSvili 1961, 316).<br />
103
`qseli _ saqusali, grZlad daqselili Zafebi mosaqsovad (vefxisty.<br />
455, 789). Основа ввткани, xolo siganezed SenaqsovTa ZafTa ewodebis<br />
sazedao, уток// qseli dedazardlisa, ablabuda (fsal. 38, 12), паутина,<br />
паучина. // qseli afrisa (naxe afra)~ (n. CubinaSvili 1961, 406).<br />
`qsova (vhqsov) _ qselisa da sazedaos Sewmasnva, ткать~.<br />
`qisaTa, windaTa da misTanaTa qsova CxirebiTa, вязать~ (n.<br />
CubinaSvili 1961, 406).<br />
d. CubinaSvilTan qsova asea axsnili: `qsova (somx.) sx. ткание;<br />
вязание; (vh), z. m. Sevswmasni qselsa an sazedaos an movhqsov windas, ткать,<br />
вязать, mart. 2_185; qsovili, naqsovi, вязанный, тканный~ (d. CubinaSvili<br />
1984, 1350).<br />
leqsikografiis miniSnebiT, es sityva warmoSobiT somxuria, magram<br />
Cveni azriT, es Tvalsazrisi safuZvels moklebulia.<br />
qs-el-i.<br />
gus-/qus- saerTo qarTveluri sityvaa.<br />
`qarT. guas-/gus-/qus- sa-guas-al-i; sa-gus-al-i; sa-qus-al-i; qs-ov-a;<br />
megr. rS-/S- rS-u-al-a S-u-al-a; do-rS-v-il-i<br />
: o-Su-al-i .<br />
laz. Sv-/S-o-Sv-al-u / o-S-u ; f-S-um ; o-Sv-al-er-<br />
i .<br />
svan. jiS-/jS – li-jiS ; na-jiS-u ; xu-a-jS-e >; an-jiS (fenrixi, sarjvelaZe 2000, 141).<br />
daviT CubinaSvils qsovis sinonimad qselva miaCnia. `qselva. vhqsov,<br />
ткать~ (d. CubinaSvili 1984, 1350).<br />
sulxan-sabas qselva ganmartebuli ar aqvs, Tumca `sityvis konaSi~<br />
gvxvdeba sityva qseli: `qseli, saqsovari ZA. saqsvali B. ganumartavia<br />
CDED~ (saba 1991, 234).<br />
qseli vrclad aqvs ganmartebuli d. CubinaSvilsac. igi imeorebs n.<br />
CubinaSvilis axsnas.<br />
sityva qsovili gvxvdeba Zvel qarTulSi.<br />
`qsovil-i. moqsovili. samoseli igi TxaTa Tmebisagan qsovili.<br />
104
`qsoviloba-Á, qsova. mcirisa mier fesvsa yovelive ganecxados maT<br />
viTarebaÁ samoselisaÁ da ÃelovnebaÁ qsovilobisaÁ [AA. = 162. 126, 33 –<br />
356]~ (sarjvelaZe 1995, 225).<br />
i. abulaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikonSi~ ganmartebulia<br />
`naqso-Á `Satrovani~, wamosasxami, biniSi, juba: `vixile natyuenavsa Sina<br />
naqsoÁ Wreli~ (G); – `vixile tyuenvasa mas Sina Satrovani erTi Wreli~<br />
(M), isu n. 7. 21.~ (abulaZe 1973, 322).<br />
prokle diadoxosis `Teologiis safuZvlebis~ ioane petriwiseul<br />
TargmanSi, filosofiur termin `rigis~ aRmniSvnelad mTargmneli iyenebs<br />
xan termin `sira~-s, xan iZleva zust qarTul Sesatyviss `naTxzi<br />
siraÁsaÁ, xan naqusi siraÁsaÁ-s xmarobs (`qsovs~ zmnidan) (meliqiSvili<br />
1999, 190).<br />
`meore mxriv, SeiZleboda imis aRniSvnac, rom nemesios wignidan<br />
damowmebuli bolo magaliTi termini `TandarTvaÁ~ albaT, ukve<br />
warmoadgens `sqesis~ petriwiseul gviandel Sesatyviss `TanamiqusvaÁ~,<br />
rac, rogorc iqna naCvenebi, gvxvdeba prokles wignSi. (WeliZe 1996, 394-<br />
396).<br />
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ ganmartebulia rogorc<br />
qsovili, qsova, qsovs, aseve qseli, qselavs, qselva.<br />
`qsel-i (qslisa) 1. safeiqro dazgaze sigrZiv gabmuli saqsovi<br />
Zafebi, romlebSic misaqseli Zafi gadis gardigardmo da materia<br />
iqsoveba. 2. Zafi, romelsac gamoyofs abreSumis Wia, oboba da misT.<br />
obobas qseli – qslis gabma. 3. erToblioba raime teritoriaze, raime<br />
sivrceSi ganlagebuli erTgvarovani dawesebulebebisa, organizaciebisa.<br />
savaWro qseli – skolebis qseli. qsels gaabams – ablabudas gaakeTebs<br />
(oboba da misT.) qselSi gaabams – ablabudiT daiWers (buzs da misT;<br />
oboba).<br />
qselva _ saxeli qselavs zmnis moqmedebisa.<br />
qsov-s Zafebs erTmaneTSi garkveuli wesiT uyris da gamohyavs<br />
(qsovili an raime Casacmeli, dasaxuravi). windas qsovs. CxirebiT qsovs.<br />
105
Sdr: aqsovinebs, aqsovs, iqsovs, uqsovs, iqsoveba, eqsoveba, qsova, qsovili,<br />
mqsoveli, naqsovi,saqsovi.<br />
qsova – saxeli qsovs zmnis moqmedebisa.<br />
qsovil-i 1. rac qsoviT aris damzadebuli, _ naqsovi. bambis<br />
qsovilebi. lamazi qsovili. 2. nivTiereba, romelic warmoadgens<br />
organizmis ujredis sistemas. kunTovani qsovili, SemaerTebeli qsovili<br />
(qegl, 1990, 995).<br />
al. WinWarauli `xevsurul leqsikonSi~ qs-av- /qs-el/ qs-ov- ase<br />
ganmartavs: `qs-av / qs-el- / qs-ov- agreTve. berais qsela, gaeqsovebis,<br />
gamaeqsovebis, gamaeqsoebis, garTul-gaqsuli, daiqsavs, daqsva, Tvals<br />
Saaqsevs, iqsavs, iqsvis, laST Sa[ma]xqsavs, oriT qsova, pirs Samaxqsavs,<br />
saqsle / saqslo, sityvaT Saqsva, sityvaT Saxqsavs, qselaobs, qseli,<br />
qsels maawvdis, Saaqsavs, Saeqsvis, Saiqsavs, Saqsuli, Camaiqsavs, CarTul-<br />
maqsuli, wveriT daiqsavs, wveriT maqsovili~ (WinWarauli 2005, 919).<br />
qsel-i `saqsovari~ (saba). qselTa vqsov mamis ezoTa, zalteTa<br />
gaJrialeba (xevs. poez. 412,1) Sdr. qegl, p. xubutia: qseli).<br />
qselaoba.<br />
qselaob-s darbis, daZvreba, midi-modis. ras xqselaob, vaJav?<br />
qsels maawvdis – qslis daqsovisas daexmareba. qselsac me magawvdi,<br />
mCeCelo – tolismTelavSiac dagetanebi (eTn. sworf. 59)~ (WinWarauli<br />
2005, 919).<br />
CvenTvis sainteresoa zemoT dasaxelebuli dialeqturi<br />
Sesityvebani: pirs Samaxqsavs, sityvaT Saqsva, sityvaT Saxqsavs. es<br />
Sesityvebani gamoxataven Teatralur terminis _ `qsovili~-s mniSvnelobas<br />
da mis dialeqtur sinonimebad SeiZleba CavTvaloT.<br />
saliteraturo qarTulSi termini qsovili ar aris mxolod erTi<br />
dargis kuTvnileba. igi moicavs rogorc xelovnebis, aseve medicinis<br />
sferos. saqme gvaqvs terminis erTi dargidan meoreSi gadasvlis<br />
SemTxvevasTan, rasac Tan axlavs mniSvnelobis gardaqmna. xdeba<br />
reterminologizacia. (gamyreliZe da sxv. 2003, 395). sityva qsovili, Cveni<br />
azriT, Tavdapirvelad xelobasTan, xelovnebasTan, kerZod, gamoyenebiT<br />
106
xelovnebasTan unda yofiliyo dakavSirebuli da aqedan moxdeboda misi<br />
terminologizacia, xolo mogvianebiT igi Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si<br />
aRmoCnda. dRes ki saqme gvaqvs dargTaSoris omonimur terminTan.<br />
amrigad, Zveli Teatralur – sanaxaobiTi xelovnebis saxiobis erT-<br />
erTi, kerZod `salaRobo~ Janris aRmniSvneli termini qsovili Semovida<br />
saxviTi (gamoyenebiTi) xelovnebis terminologiidan, Semdeg man SeiTavsa<br />
koleqtiuri Txzvis Sedegad miRebuli mxatvruli (literaturuli)<br />
nawarmoebis mniSvneloba.<br />
107
§9. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini `dasi~<br />
Teatralur xelovnebaSi dRes farTod aris gavrcelebuli termini<br />
dasi, romelic SemoqmedebiTi koleqtivis cnebas gamoxatavs.<br />
`dasi _ Teatris an cirkis msaxiobebi, ufro farTo mniSvnelobiT,<br />
Teatris mTeli SemoqmedebiTi koleqtivi. droebiTi ewodeba dass,<br />
romelic mcire xniT (1-2 wliT), anda sulac mxolod erTi dadgmisTvis<br />
iqmneba, arsebobs agreTve mudmivi dasi~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 709).<br />
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ sityva dasis 3 mniSvneloba<br />
dasturdeba: das-i (dasisa) 1. gundi, krebuli, jgufi. `romel dasSiac eg<br />
urevia, is dasi sjobnis mudam~ (S. dad.). `visac Seswavlili aqvs, Tu raSi<br />
mdgomareobs sisrule enisa, ... ar SeiZleba ar dagveTanxmos, rom<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> ena ekuTvnis maRal agebulebis enaTa dassa~ (i. gogeb.). `rad<br />
aris kacobrioba or dasad gayofilia?~ (baC.). 2. romelime ideis,<br />
Sexedulebebis safuZvelze gaerTianebuli sazogadoebrivi dajgufeba.<br />
`[levani] mxars umSvenebda Cvens mowinave dass~ (ek. gab.)... 3. romelime<br />
Teatris msaxiobTa koleqtivi. `1879 wels Sedga <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris dasi~<br />
(ilia). `sagulisxmoa, rom dasi <strong>qarTuli</strong> musikis terminad-ki ar iqca,<br />
aramed Teatris terminologiisaTvis iqmna gamoyenebuli (iv. javax.)~<br />
(qegl, 1959, 647).<br />
dasi rogorc <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini `<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiTi<br />
leqsikonis~ rvatomeulSi mesame mniSvnelobad dasturdeba. gansxvavebuli<br />
viTareba gvaqvs erTtomeulSi: `das-i 1. romelime Teatris msaxiobTa<br />
koleqtivi. 2. (Zv.) saerTod, gundi, krebuli; jgufi. 3. raime<br />
sazogadoebrivi dajgufeba...~ (qegl, 1991, 407).<br />
rogorc Cans, `<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~<br />
erTtomeulis Sedgenis dros, saliteraturo qarTulSi sityva dasma<br />
mniSvnelobaTa klasifikaciaSi gadaadgileba ganicada.<br />
dRevandel saliteraturo qarTulSi sityva dass Teatralur<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong>Si ufro gaexsna gza da farTod gavrcelda rogorc<br />
termini, vidre yofiT leqsikaSi.<br />
108
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ rvatomeulSi<br />
dadasturebuli dasis danarCeni mniSvnelobebi dRes yofiT leqsikaSi<br />
SedarebiT iSviaTad ixmareba. dasi jgufis, krebulis mniSvnelobiT Zvel<br />
qarTulSi ufro xSirad dasturdeba.<br />
aseveNnaklebad gamoyeneba dasi, sazogadoebrivi dajgufebis,<br />
politikuri gaerTianebis mniSvnelobiT, gamonaklisia, albaT, axali<br />
politikuri partia `<strong>qarTuli</strong> dasi~.<br />
amasTanave, unda aRiniSnos, rom dasi, rogorc termini dargTaSoris<br />
omonimur terminad miiCneva, radgan is ixmareba rogorc Teatralur,<br />
aseve saeklesio-Teologiur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si. dRes <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
terminologiisgan gansxvavebiT SedarebiT naklebad, magram mainc<br />
gamoiyeneba musikalur <strong>terminologia</strong>Sic, amis Sesaxeb ufro adre ivane<br />
javaxiSvilic miuTiTebda: `dasi <strong>qarTuli</strong> musikis terminad ki ar iqca,<br />
aramed Teatris terminologiisaTvis iqna gamoyenebuli, gundi mxolod<br />
momReralTa nakrebis aRmniSvnel sityvad iqna miCneuli da Zvelma<br />
qarTulma musikalurma <strong>terminologia</strong>m, ufro zogadi cnebis<br />
gamosaxatavad marto mwyobri SeinarCuna (javaxiSvili 1938, 235).<br />
sityva dasi Zvel qarTulSi ramdenime mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba:<br />
i. abulaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikonSi~ dasi ganmartebulia,<br />
rogorc: `das-i «dasisagani», «dRiTi-dRedi msaxurebaÁ», gundi, mxedari,<br />
razmi: `gaqus Tquen d a s i, mivediT~ (C), _ `gaqus Tqven d a s i s a g a n<br />
i, warvediT~ (DE, mT. 27, 65); `d a s i s a misgan abiasi~ (C), _ `Semdgomad<br />
dRiTi-dRedisa mis msaxurebisa abiaÁsa~ (DE, l. 1, 5); `aResrula... wmidiTa<br />
miT d a s i T a~ (rifs. 21, 12); `ixilna d a s n i angelozTani~ (mrT. C,<br />
pavle Teb. 322); `aR-vinme-dges d a s i s a misgan farisevelTaÁsa~ (saq.<br />
moc. 15, 5). ix. dasisagani~ (abulaZe 1973, 121).<br />
dasisagan-i «dasi», mxedari: `gaqus Tqven d a s i s a g a n i,<br />
warvediT~ (DE), _ `gaqus Tqven d a s i, mivediT~ (C, mT. 27, 65); `movides d<br />
a s i s a g a n n i igi~ (anan. ebr. 313 r). ix. dasi. (iqve, 123).<br />
rogorc vxedavT, Zvel qarTulSi sityva dasi gamoxatavda jgufs,<br />
razms, gunds: gund-i «eri» «mmTavrobi» «mTavari» «mwyobri», dasi, banaki,<br />
109
krebuli: `iuda wariyvana mis Tana g u n d i erTi~ (C), _ `iuda wariyvana<br />
e r i~ (DE, i. 18, 3); `g u n d i misi moiwines~ (O), _ `m m T a v r o b T a<br />
misTanaTa miimarTes~ (G, msj. 9, 44); romeli movals viTarca g u n d i<br />
banakTaÁ (O), _ `momavali viTarca m w y o b r i banakTaÁ~ (pb., qeba 6, 12);<br />
`ganyo samasi igi kaci samad g u n d a d~ (M), _ `ganyvna samasni mamakacni<br />
sam m T a v r e b a d~ (G, msj. 7, 16); `iyo spasalari g u n d s a zeda<br />
banakisasa~ (g. I, 22); ivltin yovelive igi g u n d i varskvlavTaÁ~ (s. gab.<br />
_ mociq. 91, 22); `gamoCndes g u n d n i angelozTani~ (flkt. 159, 3); `ganyo<br />
eri igi samad g u n d a d~ (I, I mf. 11, 11); `g u n d n i angelozTani da<br />
krebuli ZalTa zecaTa Sina .. Tayvaniscemen~ (m. sw. 106, 27). ix. Tanagundi<br />
(iqve, 103).<br />
banak-i «eri», mxedroba, razmi; gundi, jgufi: `gan-Tu-ewyos Cem zeda<br />
b a n a k i~, _ `gan-Tu-ewyos Cem zeda eri~, (fs. 26, 3); `Seni arsa ese<br />
yoveli b a n a k e b i, romel SememTxÂa?~ (dab. 33, 8); `b a n a k i igi<br />
ucxoTeslTaÁ dabanakebul iyo Relesa mas gmirTasa~ (I nSt. 11, 15); aRiZra<br />
yoveli krebuli. b a n k a d _ b a n a k a d TiToeuli~ gamosl. (17, 1);<br />
`b a n a k i angelozTa uflisaÁ gare-moadges moSiSTa misTa~ fs. 33, 8;<br />
(`ganyo) cxovari da zroxaÁ orad b a n a k a d~ (dab. 32, 7). ix. dabanakeba<br />
(-uli), dambanakebeli, sabanake (abulaZe 1973, 29).<br />
z. sarjvelaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis sityvis konaSi~ dasturdeba<br />
Semdegi formebi: `dasi razmi, gundi~; `dasad-dasad _ jguf-jgufad~;<br />
dasad-`dasadi _ TiToeuli jgufi~; `daseba-Á dasi~; `daseul-i razmeli,<br />
jariskaci~; `dasisTav-i gundis winamZRoli~; `gund-i razmi~; `gundad-<br />
gundad razmebad~; `gund-gundad razmebad~; `gundisagani~... `krebul-i<br />
Sekrebili gundi~; `krebuleba-Á krebuli, gundi~; `banak-i razmi, gundi~.<br />
`banakad-banakad razm-razmad~ ; `banakissaxed jgufurad~.<br />
Zvel qarTulSi sityva dasi gundis, razmis, jgufis sinonimia.<br />
`gundi da dasi, dabadebis <strong>qarTuli</strong> Targmanis sxvadasxva redaqciebis<br />
erTmaneTTan Sedarebisda mixedviT, s i n o n i m e b a d m o C a n a n~.<br />
(javaxiSvili 1938, 234).<br />
110
mwyobris calkeuls wevrs memwyobre ewodeboda, iseve, rogorc<br />
dasis wevrsac modase erqva. orive termini SavTelis SesxmaSia naxmari:<br />
`wmidaT memwyobre, maTTan mosagre,<br />
zecisa ZalTa xar modaseca”.<br />
forma `das-dasad~ (gund-gundis mniSvnelobiT) gvxvdeba<br />
`vefxistyaosanSi~:<br />
`mas mzesa tansa emosnes narinjis-ferni jubani,<br />
zurgiT uTqs jari xadumTa, das-dasad, uban-ubani;<br />
srulad naTliTa aevso saxli, Suka da ubani,<br />
mun vardsa Sua Svenodes Zow-margalitni tyubani.~<br />
111<br />
(`vefxistyaosani~ 1986, 152; str. 486)<br />
sulxan-sabasTan dasi asea ganmartebuli: `dasi (1 mefe 10, 5)<br />
gundiviTa ZAa. gundiviT (+ 26, 5 ricx. Ab) AbB. gundi CD. ganumartavia E. n.<br />
dasoba, medase (saba 1991, 201).<br />
dasoba laxvris darWma, gina das-dasad gundoba (iqve, 201).<br />
medase dasT gamge ZA. (iqve, 459).<br />
sulxan-saba berZnuli sityvis kustodias sinonimad dass asaxelebs.<br />
kustodia dasi ZABCb. dasi (1 mef. 10.5) gundiviT ZAa. gundiviT (+ 26,5<br />
ricx. Ab) AbB. gundi CD. ganumartavia E. leqsikonSi `kustodias~ wyaro<br />
ar Cans. `dasis~ budeSi miTiTebul wyaroTagan arc berZnul, arc qarTul<br />
versiebSi ar ikiTxeba `kustodia~, Tumca es leqsema aris berZnul axal<br />
aRTqmaSi da qarTul versiebSi misi Targmania `dasi//dasisagani~.<br />
koustodia, h' (Custodia, ae, f) daraji, mcveli, zedamxedveli. `dasisagani~<br />
mxedari: gaqus Tquen dasisagani, warvediT DE. gaqus Tquen dasi, mivediT<br />
(C. mT. 27. 65. Cab). e''cete koustodiau uvpavgete. sxva versiaSi: fucakas D<br />
[SesaZloa, sabas xelT hqonda berZnuli da <strong>qarTuli</strong> teqstebi, maTi<br />
Sedarebis Sedegad SeeZlo moeca aseTi ganmarteba]. amgvarad, `dasis~<br />
erT-erTi mniSvneloba iyo mcveli, `daraji~. swored am mniSvnelobas<br />
gulisxmobs leqsikografi `kustodias~ ganmartebisas (kvasxvaZe 2003, 82).<br />
n. CubinaSvilTan dasis ganmartebis dros yuradReba<br />
gamaxvilebulia am sityvis saeklesio-Teologiur mniSvnelobebze, aqve
CamoTvlilia angelosTa 9 dasi. `dasi gundi, wesi anu xarisxi<br />
angelozTa, romelnica arian cxrani (vefxist. 162): 1. saydarni, 2.<br />
xelmwifebani, 3. Zalni, 4. mTavrobani, 5. uflebani, 6. xeruvimni, 7.<br />
seraфimni, 8 mTavarangelosni da 9. angelosni, чин ангелов // gundi<br />
mxedrobaTa, anu krebuli (mat. 27, 55; vefxist. 474, 545; SavT. 46), кустодия,<br />
отряд (ricx. 26, 5), сонм (n. CubinaSvili 1961, 196).<br />
dasi, s. gundi, krebuli, сонм , сборище, сословiе; секта; (vefx. 1007, 1358;<br />
qarTl. 2-417); _ angelozTa, e. i. krebuli an xarisxi angelozTa,<br />
romelnic arian cxarani; saydarni, xelmwifebani, Zalni, mTavrobani,<br />
uflebani, xeruvimni, serafimni, mTavara-ngelozni da angelozni, чин<br />
ангел скiй, (vefx. 163); - samRvdoloTa, духовенство, dasi laSqarTa, отряд<br />
войска, dasdasi, e. i. gund-gundni, uricxvni krebulni, разрядами, (vefx. 44);<br />
dasi mfrinvelTa, стая птиц, dasi grZneulTa, компанiа колдунов, (rusud.<br />
473); dasni, s. Camomavloba, поколенiе, (ricx. 26-50) (d. CubinaSvili 1984, 414).<br />
sityva dasi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb saintereso mosazrebas gvawvdis<br />
i. javaxiSvili: `arc g u n d i da arc d a s i <strong>qarTuli</strong> sityvebi ar aris.<br />
pirveli somxurSic moipoveba da fahlauriTgan uSualod, anda somxuris<br />
gziT SeTvisebuli unda iyos, meorec Zvel somxurSic arsebobda da bevr<br />
sxva enaSic~ (javaxiSvili 1938, 234).<br />
sainteresoa, rom sityva dasi sulxan-sabas `ucxo SesatyvisobanSic~<br />
aqvs Setanili: dasi T. boluq ZAaBCDE. s. dass ZAa. (iqve, 500). sityva<br />
dass aRniSnuli aqvs misi Sesatyvisi sityva somxur enaSi, Tumca<br />
leqsikografi gamokveTilad ar miuTiTebs am sityvis somxuridan<br />
warmomavlobas.<br />
`somxuri enis etimologiur leqsikonSi” sityva dasis qarTulTan<br />
SedarebiT bevri mniSvneloba dasturdeba: avtors igi somxuridan<br />
nasesxebad miaCnia.<br />
das-i 1. feodalur urTierTobaTa safuZvelze Camoyalibebul<br />
adamianTa dajgufeba. 2. adamianTa saqmianobis erTobaze damyarebuli<br />
dajgufeba. mag.: xelosanTa dasi. 3. (Zv.) klasi. 4. cxovelebis, mcenareebis,<br />
112
wiaRirseulTa dayofa msxvil erTeulebad, romelsac Tavis mxriv, kidev<br />
aqvs danayofebi (dasebi). 5. (enaTmecn.) morfologiuri niSniT<br />
gaerTianebuli klasebi: pirovnebis gamomxatveli sityvebis dasi. 6.<br />
Tanamdebobrivi dajgufebani. 7. saeklesio termini. mag.: mgalobelTa dasi.<br />
8. mgalobelTa sadgomi adgili eklesiaSi sakurTxevlis marjvena da<br />
marcxena mxares. 9. gakveTili… da masTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelobebi.<br />
(aRaiani 1976, 276).<br />
`somxuri enis etimologiur leqsikonSi~ dasi rogorc <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
termini ar dasturdeba, Tumca sityva dass qarTulsa da somxur enebSi<br />
ori mniSvneloba aqvT saerTo, esa: 2. adamianTa saqmianobis erTobaze<br />
damyarebuli dajgufeba. mag.: xelosanTa dasi. 7. saeklesio termini. mag.:<br />
mgalobelTa dasi.<br />
XIX-XX saukuneebis qarTul saliteraturo enaSi ufro xSirad<br />
dasturdeba dasi, rogorc <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini.<br />
1. `xuTSabaTs, 20 oqtombers, <strong>qarTuli</strong> dramatuli dasi warmodgenas<br />
gamarTavs, romelzedac miwveulia ruseTis ganTqmuli dramaturgi<br />
aleqsandre nikolozis Ze ostrovski~ (gaz. `droeba~ 1883. #207).<br />
2. zogjer afiSa gansakuTrebuli pativiscemis niSnadac iqceoda<br />
xolme. gaz. `droebaSi~ (1882, #15) vkiTxulobT: `niSnad pativiscemisa,<br />
qarTulma dasma uZRvna `samSoblos~ avtors dafnis gvrigvini atlasis<br />
afiSiT da am piesis gammarTavs _ dafnisave Cangi amgvarive afiSiT~<br />
(uruSaZe 2006, 14).<br />
3. 1886 wels <strong>qarTuli</strong> xalxuri musikis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT i.<br />
WavWavaZe werda: `galoba iseTive moTxovnilebaa, iseTive saWiroebaa,<br />
iseTive ganuyreli Tvisebaa adamianis bunebisa, rogorc cremli~, da amave<br />
werilSi ayenebs sakiTxs gunduri simReris dramatuli Teatris<br />
speqtaklSi CarTvis Sesaxeb: _ `nuTu kargi ar iqneba, rom Cvenma<br />
dramatulma dasma es axali saqme, xoroTi galoba <strong>qarTuli</strong> xmebisa, zed<br />
gadaabas warmodgenebsa!... gvgvonia rom es ori saqme erTmaneTs Seavsebs<br />
da erTmaneTs uSvelis, amravalferovnos siamovneba da, maSasadame,<br />
TeatrSi mosiarule sazogadoebac amravlos...~ (iqve 2006, 14).<br />
113
4. misi repertuari TviT dasis xilvebiTa da fantaziiTaa<br />
gapirobebuli (gurabaniZe 1972, 25).<br />
5. `erTaderTi, vinc Cveni dasis wevri ar aris, gogonaa, axla rom<br />
velaparakebodi~ (WilaZe 1982, 207).<br />
6. `me vicodi, vinc cxovrobda iq, Cveni dasis msaxiobi qali,<br />
amitomac Cemi guli savse iyo boboqari, gadareuli fiqrebiTa Tu<br />
ganzraxvebiT. (iqve, 215).<br />
114
Tavi V<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> termin-derivatebi qarTulSi<br />
terminologiuri sityvawarmoeba ZiriTadad emyareba <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
saliteraturo enis sityvawarmoebiT sistemas da Tavisi leqsikis<br />
gasamdidreblad iyenebs yvela im semantikur da gramatikul saSualebas,<br />
romlebiTac ivseba da viTardeba saerTo saliteraturo ena, igi amave<br />
dros SeimuSavebs Tavis sakuTar sityvawarmoebiT qvesistemas,<br />
damoukidebel wesebsa da modelebs, romlebic ganasxvavebs mas<br />
saliteraturo saerTo enisagan (RambaSiZe 1986, 131).<br />
mecnierebis, teqnikisa da xelovnebis yoveli dargis <strong>terminologia</strong>s<br />
moepoveba rogorc zogadad terminologiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />
sityvaTwarmoebis saSualebebi, aseve TiToeuli dargisaTvis specifikuri<br />
derivaciuli saSualebebi. gamonakliss arc <strong>Teatraluri</strong> <strong>terminologia</strong><br />
warmoadgens.<br />
saTeatro xelovneba sinTezuri xelovnebaa, romelSic Serwymulia<br />
dramaturgia, musika, qoreografia, scenografia, nawilobriv _ kinoc.<br />
Sesabamisad, Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si Tavs iyris xelovnebis<br />
zemoCamoTvlil dargTa terminebi.<br />
Teatralur terminTa sityvawarmoebis saanalizod naSromSi<br />
gamoyenebulia: sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsikoni <strong>qarTuli</strong> (Tb., 1991 w.);<br />
i. abulaZis Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikoni (Tb.1973w.); z. sarjvelaZis<br />
Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikoni (Tb., 1995. w.); d. CubinaSvilis qarTul-<br />
rusuli leqsikoni (Tb., 1984. w.); <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni<br />
(Tb., 1950-1964 w.); rusul-<strong>qarTuli</strong> dramatuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong> xelovnebis<br />
terminebi (Tb., 1964 w.); xelovnebis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni (Tb., 1985 w.)<br />
mcire <strong>Teatraluri</strong> leqsikoni (Tb., 1980 w.), sxvadasxva mxatvruli Tu<br />
samecniero literaturidan amokrefili terminebi.<br />
qarTul Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si gamoiyofa martivi, nawarmoebi,<br />
anu termin-derivatebi da rTuli terminebi.<br />
115
martivi <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi gvaqvs rogorc <strong>qarTuli</strong>, ise<br />
ucxouri warmoSobisa. Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebis gverdiT gvxvdeba berZnuli, laTinuri,<br />
italiuri, franguli, germanuli, rusuli, espanuri da inglisuri<br />
enebidan momdinare <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi, romlebic an sakuTari<br />
ucxoenovani afiqsebiTaa Semosuli da damkvidrebuli, an <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
afiqsebiTaa gaformebuli.<br />
qarTulSi laTinuri da evropuli enebis mravali sityvaa<br />
damkvidrebuli rusuli enis meSveobiT.<br />
yuradRebas iqcevs is faqti, rom Zvel qarTul Teatralur<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong>Si ufro metia <strong>qarTuli</strong> warmoSobis terminebi, vidre<br />
Tanamedrove qarTulSi.<br />
dRes ki SedarebiT metia ucxouri warmoSobis terminebi: sakuTar<br />
niadagze terminTqmnadobis procesi SezRudulia. msgavsad sxva enebis<br />
terminologiisa, qarTulSic berZnul-laTinur terminebs farTod aqvT<br />
gza gaxsnili: g. nebieriZis azriT, `berZnuli da laTinuri sityvebis<br />
mozRvavebas <strong>terminologia</strong>Si Tavisi gamarTleba aqvs:<br />
1) es sityvebi Semodis rogorc terminebi da amitom maTi ZiriTadi<br />
mniSvneloba, e. i. is mniSvneloba, romelic maT berZnulsa da laTinurSi<br />
hqondaT, dRes, rogorc terminebs, aRara aqvT.<br />
2) amgvari aRrevis SesaZlebloba ispoba TviTon terminebis<br />
msesxebel enaSic.<br />
3) laTinuri da berZnuli sityvebis safuZvelze nawarmoebi<br />
terminebi internacionaluria da, amdenad, sayovelTaod gasagebi<br />
(nebieriZe 2003, 227).<br />
116
terminebi:<br />
$1. Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi<br />
Zvel qarTulSi dasturdeba <strong>qarTuli</strong> warmoSobis Semdegi<br />
`berika – niRbebis qarTul xalxur Teatr `berikaobis~ monawile<br />
msaxiobi~ (megreliZe 1980, 98).<br />
`berikaoba – niRbebis <strong>qarTuli</strong> improvizirebuli xalxuri Teatri~<br />
(megreliZe 1980, 99).<br />
`dasdebeli~ (dazdebuli _ saba) _ momReral gundTan erTad<br />
solistebis gamosvla nefe-dedoflis saqebrad, Sesamkobad~ (Толк. слов.<br />
1985, 194).<br />
`dedofala _ Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> xalxuri Tojinis saxelwodeba~ (Толк.<br />
слов. 1985, 198).<br />
`kuki _ Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> xalxuri Tojinebis Teatris Tojinis<br />
saxelwodeba~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 364).<br />
`lizRoba _ Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini. aRniSnavda iseT<br />
xumrobas, maRali wris warmomadgenlebis Tamam ganqiqebas, roca<br />
amisaTvis aravin isjeboda~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 379).<br />
`maxiobeli _ ZvelqarTul Teatr `saxiobis~ mimikosi msaxiobi~<br />
(Толк. слов. 1985, 406).<br />
`memRere _ Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris, `saxiobis~ dasis profesionali<br />
Semsrulebeli (dramatuli msaxiobi)~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 413).<br />
`memuRame _ Zvel saqarTveloSi momRerali, musikos-improvizatori,<br />
igavebis, gamocanebis SemTxzveli da maTive amomxsneli~ (Толк. слов. 1985,<br />
413).<br />
`memusike _ Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris, `saxiobis~ dasis profesionali<br />
Semsrulebeli (musikosi)~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 413).<br />
`mewyobre _ <strong>Teatraluri</strong> dasis calkeuli wevri (Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
termini)~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 413).<br />
117
`menoage _ (Teat.) sasaxlis gasarTobi saxiobis msmenel-mayurebeli<br />
(Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> termini)~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 414).<br />
`mzvelavi _ <strong>Teatraluri</strong> Janris `zuelvas~ Semsrulebeli (Zveli<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> termini)~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 419).<br />
`noagoba _ lxinis dros gamarTuli musikaluri warmodgenebi,<br />
romlebic imarTeboda Zvel <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatr `saxiobis~ mier. gasarTobi<br />
`saxiobis~ msmenel-mayurebels ewodeboda `menoage~, xolo `noagobis~<br />
orkestris samusiko sakravebs _ `noagi~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 466).<br />
`maocari – TvalTmaqci~ (megreliZe 1980, 23).<br />
`mokicxari – Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris, `saxiobis~ dasis<br />
profesionali Semsrulebeli, komedianti~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 428).<br />
`momRerloba – msaxiobis xelovnebis aRmniSvneli Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
termini~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 429).<br />
`mrokveli – (Zv. qarT.) mocekvave~ (megreliZe 1980, 25).<br />
`xelovnebis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ gvxvdeba mrokvali formac:<br />
`mrokvali _ Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris, `saxiobis~ dasis<br />
profesionali Semsrulebeli mocekvave~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 438).<br />
`msaxiobeli – Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris komedianti, xumara~<br />
(megreliZe 1980, 25).<br />
`mrguali (Zv. qarT.) – ferxuli~ (megreliZe 1980, 25).<br />
`mRera – dramatuli msaxiobis TamaSis aRmniSvneli, Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
termini~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 407).<br />
26).<br />
611).<br />
`mwafeli – mojiriTe Zvel qarTul SejibrebebSi~ (megreliZe 1980,<br />
`niRbosani – niRbiani~ (megreliZe 1980, 26).<br />
`rokva – (Zv. qarT.) cekva, TamaSi~ (megreliZe 1980, 32).<br />
`saxioba – Zvel<strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris saxe~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 611).<br />
`saxilveli – Teatris Zvel<strong>qarTuli</strong> saxelwodeba~ (Толк. слов. 1985,<br />
118
1985, 611).<br />
`saxioni – niRbis Zvel<strong>qarTuli</strong> xalxuri saxelwodeba~ (Толк. слов.<br />
`xumara – oxunji, enamoswrebuli~ (megreliZe 1980, 38).<br />
119
$2. ucxouri warmoSobis terminebi<br />
dRes <strong>qarTuli</strong> warmoSobis terminTa dasaxelebuli magaliTebi<br />
iSviaTad gvxvdeba, gacilebiT metia qarTul Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si<br />
nasesxebi terminebi.<br />
`amfiTeatr-i [berZ. amphitheatron] _ 1. Tanamedrove TeatrSi: parteris<br />
ukan TandaTanobiT amaRlebuli dasajdomi adgilebi. 2. Zvel saberZneTsa<br />
da romSi: wriuli an naxevarwriuli usaxuravo nageboba TandaTanobiT<br />
amaRlebuli adgilebiT, sadac imarTeboda sxvadasxva sanaxaoba~ (ussl,<br />
1999, 22).<br />
`ansambl-i [frang. ensemble] – mTlianoba, erTianoba...…momReralTa,<br />
damkvrelTa, mocekvaveTa jgufi, romelic gamodis rogorc erTi mTliani<br />
mxatvruli koleqtivi~ (usl, 1964, 42).<br />
`antraqt-i [frang. entracte] _ 1. Sesveneba saTeatro warmodgenis or<br />
moqmedabas an koncertis or ganyofilebas Soris. 2. musikaluri nomeri<br />
operis or moqmedebas Soris~ (ussl, 1999, 24).<br />
`artist-i [frang. artiste] – adamiani, romelic sajarod asrulebs<br />
xelovnebis nawarmoebs; msaxiobi~ (usl, 1964, 51).<br />
`afiSa [frang. affiche gancxadeba] _ msxvili asoebiT dawerili an<br />
dabeWdili gancxadeba warmodgenis, koncertis, leqciisa da misTanaTa<br />
Sesaxeb; gamoakraven xolme xalxis TavSeyris adgilebSi~ (ussl, 1999, 30).<br />
`aqt-i [laT. actus].…1. dramatuli nawarmoebis, speqtaklis<br />
dasrulebuli nawili; moqmedeba~ (usl, 1964, 58).<br />
`balkon-i [frang. balcon] _ mayurebelTa adgilebi Teatris Sua da<br />
zeda iarusebze (Zvelad sul zeda iarusis balkons, sadac iaffasiani<br />
adgilebi iyo, qandara ewodeboda). mesame iarusis balkoni; balkonis<br />
pirveli rigi. balkonis bileTebi~ (ussl, 1999, 34).<br />
`benefis-i [frang. benefice mogeba] _ warmodgena, romlis Semosavalic<br />
gadaecema xolme mis erT-erT monawile msaxiobs (aseT RonisZiebas<br />
zogjer hqvia SemoqmedebiTi saRamo)~ (iqve, 34).<br />
120
`grim-i [frang. < grimer Zv. ital.] – 1. msaxiobis saxis Secvla<br />
specialuri saRebavebiT, wveris, ulvaSis dawebebiT da a. S., rac saWiroa<br />
ama Tu im rolis Sesasruleblad~ (usl, 1964, 95).<br />
`drama [berZ. drama moqmedeba, warmodgena] _ 1. literaturuli<br />
nawarmoebi seriozuli (ara komediuri) Sinaarsisa, romelic dawerilia<br />
dialogebad da gankuTvnilia scenaze dasadgmelad. 2. gadat. cxovrebaSi<br />
momxdari mZime SemTxveva, ubedureba, rac zneobriv tanjvas iwvevs~ (ussl,<br />
1999, 67).<br />
`dramaturgi _ mwerali, romelic dramatul nawarmoebebs wers~<br />
(ussl. 1999, 68).<br />
`dramaturgia [berZ. dramaturgia] _ 1. dramatul nawarmoebTa Seqmnis<br />
Teoria. dramaturgiis kursi. 2. kreb. dramatul nawarmoebTa erToblioba.<br />
Seqspiris dramaturgia~ (ussl, 1999, 68).<br />
`Teatr-i – [berZ. theatron] – 1. xelovnebis dargi _ dramatul<br />
nawarmoebTa scenaze warmodgena-gansaxiereba. <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatri. 2.<br />
dawesebuleba, romelic axorcielebs warmodgenebis dadgmas; aseTi<br />
dawesebulebis Senoba. SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis Teatri~ (ussl, 1999,<br />
86).<br />
`repeticia [laT. repetitio gameoreba] _ dramatuli, musikaluri da<br />
sxva nawarmoebis winaswari Sesruleba mayurebelTa winaSe gamosvlamde.<br />
generaluri repeticia~ (ussl, 1999, 196).<br />
`replika [frang. replique, ital. replica] _ 1. oratorisaTvis adgilidan<br />
micemuli mokle SeniSvna; wamoZaxili. 2. TeatrSi, sityvebi, romlebsac<br />
warmoTqvams personaJi sxva personaJis sapasuxod~ (ussl, 1999, 196).<br />
`reJisor-i [frang. regisseur] _ warmodgenis, kinofilmis,<br />
radiodadgmis da misTanaTa samxatvro xelmZRvaneli. Teatris mTavari<br />
reJisori~ (ussl, 1999, 196).<br />
`scena – [laT. scaena < berZ. skene karavi] – 1. <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
warmodgenisaTvis gankuTvnili amaRlebuli moedani. mbrunavi scena;<br />
klubis scena. 2. piesis yoveli moqmedebis (aqtis) calkeuli nawili;<br />
gamosvla. pirveli moqmedebis finaluri scena. 3. mxatvruli nawarmoebis<br />
121
(romanis, moTxrobis, kinosuraTis...) calkeuli epizodi. gamoTxovebis<br />
scena; dasamaxsovrebeli scenebi. 4. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> moRvaweoba; Teatri.<br />
scenis ostatebi; scenis novatori kote marjaniSvili~ (ussl, 1999, 213).<br />
358) da a. S.<br />
`speqtakl-i [frang. spectacle] – <strong>Teatraluri</strong> warmodgena~ (usl, 1964,<br />
122
$3. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> derivaciuli terminebi prefiqsuli, sufiqsuri da<br />
konfiqsuri warmoebis mixedviT<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> derivaciuli terminebi warmoebis mixedviT sami<br />
saxisaa: prefiqsuli, sufiqsuri da konfiqsuri.<br />
1. abstraqtulobis mawarmoebeli afiqsebi: -oba, -eba, si- _ -e<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> afiqsebidan, romlebic Teatralur terminebs aformeben,<br />
yvelaze produqtiulia abstraqtulobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsebi:ß-oba, -<br />
eba.<br />
`-oba sufiqsi sawyisuri warmoSobisaa da rTulia (ob-a), dRes mas<br />
saxelTan meti kavSiri aqvs, vidre zmnasTan~ (SaniZe 1973, 130).~<br />
`-oba sufiqss fuZeebTan SeTavsebadobis TvalsazrisiT<br />
ganusazRvreli potenciali aqvs. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi igi awarmoebs<br />
substantiv terminebs sasubieqto da saobieqto mimReobaTa fuZeebisagan~<br />
(meliqiSvili 1999, 55).<br />
-oba sufiqsi gvxvdeba jer kidev Zvel qarTulSi: burTa-ob-s _<br />
burTa-oba; asparez-ob-s _ asparez-oba; berika-ob-s _ berika-oba; yeen-ob-s<br />
_ yeen-oba da a.S. (burTa-ob-s _ burTa-oba da asparez-ob-s _ asparez-oba<br />
formebi gvxvdeba axal qarTulSic.)<br />
axal qarTulSi -oba gvxvdeba Semdeg formebTanac: Jonglior-ob-s _<br />
Jonglior-oba; artist-ob-s (`artistob-s... artistobas eweva, _ msaxiobobs.<br />
(qegl, I, 1950, 574). _ artist-oba: momRerl-ob-s _ momRerl-oba; oxunj-ob-s<br />
(`oxunjob-s _ oxunjiviT iqceva, _ xumrobs, masxrobs~ (qegl, VI, 1960, 98)<br />
_ oxunj-oba; gaer-ob-s _ gaer-oba; malanur-ob-s _ malanur-oba da<br />
sanaxavi _ sanaxa-oba; msaxiobi _ msaxiob-oba da a.S.<br />
termin sanaxaoba < sanaxav-oba-Si -av TemisniSniseuli v-s dakargva<br />
-ob sufiqsiTaa Sepirobebuli. Sdr.: Seva-tyv-e _ va-ty-ob, dava-mxv-e _ va-<br />
mx-ob da a.S.<br />
123
substantiuri termini sanaxaoba awarmoebs adieqtur formebs:<br />
sanaxa-ob-iT-i da sanaxa-obr-iv-i. saqme gvaqvs brunvis niSnebiT<br />
warmoqmnil saxelebTan. `-iT moqmedebiTi brunvis niSani zedsarTav<br />
saxelTa warmoqmnisaTvis sazogadod sakmaod gavrcelebulia samecniero<br />
da teqnikuri literaturis enaSi~ (SaniZe 1973, 147).<br />
rac Seexeba sanaxa-obr-iv formas, aq -iv morfema, rogorc ak. SaniZe<br />
miuTiTebs, warmoSobiT brunvis niSania, magram warmosaqmnelad aris<br />
gamoyenebuli. -ebr-iv-is analogiiTaa miRebuli -obr-iv forma. zemoT<br />
dasaxelebuli terminebis (sanaxaoba, sanaxaobiTi, sanaxaobrivi)<br />
amosavali forma unda iyos sanaxavi. `<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT<br />
leqsikonSi~ es sityva asea ganmartebuli: `1. vinc, rac unda naxon. tye<br />
didebuli sanaxavi iyo. -unaxavma nali naxa, -o, ra sanaxaviao. 2. (Zv.)<br />
igivea, rac sanaxaoba. sanaxavad _ naxvis mizniT~ (qegl, 1960, 748).<br />
sityva polisemiuria, Teatralur terminTa sistemaSi misi meore<br />
mniSvnelobaa gamoyenebuli.<br />
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi am fuZisgan warmoqmnili<br />
sityvebicaa ganmartebuli: `sanaxaoba 1. rac Tvalwin iSleba, ris<br />
danaxvac SeiZleba. tkbeboda bunebis sanaxaobiT. _ SemaZrwunebeli<br />
sanaxaoba iyo. 2. mravalricxovani mayureblisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
raime gasarTobi. sportuli sanaxaoba; <strong>Teatraluri</strong> sanaxaoba. yvela<br />
sanaxaobas Widaoba erCivna.<br />
`sanaxaobiT-i sanaxaobis (mniSv. 2) xasiaTisa. sanaxaobiTi efeqtebi~<br />
(qegl, 1960, 748-749).<br />
`-oba sufiqsiT iwarmoeba drois aRmniSvneli saxelebic:<br />
a) religiuri dResaswaulebi: wmindanTa saxelobis dReebi: giorg-oba,<br />
elia-oba,//ili-oba (mTis raWaSi); Tamar-oba...<br />
b) ritualis aRmniSvneli saxelebi: daTvqada-oba (eTnografiuli<br />
rituali, romelsac yvelieris xuTSabaTs asrulebdnen, III), alilo-oba,<br />
lampr-oba...~ (tuskia 2004, 78).<br />
124
-oba sufiqsi zemoT dasaxelebuli funqciebiT uxvad dasturdeba<br />
sanaxaobiTi xelovnebis amsaxvel terminebSi. mag.: muryvam-oba, yeen-oba,<br />
gonja-oba (mTis raWaSi) da a. S.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> xalxuri Teatris uZvelesi saxeobis aRmniSvneli termini<br />
berikaoba momdinareobs berika-dan, `berikaoba~-Si -ika da -oba<br />
kninobiTisa da abstraqtulobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsebia. berika _<br />
`berikaobis msaxiobis aRmniSvneli terminia. beri Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong>T<br />
Svilis aRmniSvnelia: iaberi, Wiaberi, kaxaberi~ (janeliZe 1980, 21).<br />
-oba sufiqsi gamoiyofa sasaxlis karis Teatris saxelwodebaSi<br />
`saxi-oba~. i. abulaZe saxioba, msaxiobeli, maxeobelis Zirad xe//xi<br />
formas gamoyofs (abulaZe 1960, 212). manana kobaiZem statiaSi<br />
`vefxistyaosnis~ xeva terminisaTvis~ saintereso Tvalsazrisi gamoTqva.<br />
igi Seexo `vefxistyaosnis~ prologSi naxseneb xeva masdars `marT<br />
agreTve meleqsesa leqsTa grZelTa Tqma da xeva~ da gamoTqva varaudi,<br />
rom saxioba maxeobelis Ziri `xe//xi (avtori iziarebs i. abulaZis<br />
Tvalsazriss, xeoba//xioba Casaberi musikaluri instrumentis xmianobas<br />
aRniSnavda) miRebulia xev-//>xiv fuZisagan -ob Temis niSniseul -o-s win –<br />
v-s dakargvis Sedegad~ (kobaiZe 1997, 120).<br />
musikalur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si `-oba mawarmoebliT miiRweva sxvadasxva<br />
stilistikur-semantikuri informaciis gadmocema:<br />
a) ganzogadeba aRsaniSnis ama Tu im Tvisebis niSnisa;<br />
b) ama Tu im moqmedebis ganmeorebadi, sistemuri, mravaljeradi<br />
xasiaTis aRniSvna;<br />
g) ama Tu im skolis, mimdinareobis, movlenisadmi kuTvnilebis,<br />
mimdevrobis Cveneba;<br />
d) movlenaTa Tu saganTa garkveuli erTianobis Cveneba;<br />
e) obieqtis mravalkomponentianobis warmoCena;<br />
v) musikaluri nawarmoebis (an Sesrulebis) xarisxis miTiTeba;<br />
z) musikaluri nawarmoebis (an saSemsruleblo maneris) Janruli<br />
(an profesiuli Tavisebureba~ (tabiZe 1996, 142).<br />
125
. cxadaZe statiaSi `-oba//-obana//-obia sufiqsebi saliteraturo<br />
qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi~ (cxadaZe, ike, t. XXVI, 1987, 142) -oba sufiqsis<br />
kidev erT, garToba-TamaSobis gamomxatvel, funqciaze miuTiTebs. mag.:<br />
burT-oba//burTa-oba, kudian-oba, wixla-oba, rkin-oba da a.S. es sufiqsi<br />
Txzul saxelebTanac gvxvdeba.<br />
sufiqsebi.<br />
funqciuri TvalsazrisiT -oba sufiqsis identuria -obana//-obia<br />
T. Jordanias azriT, `-obana sufiqsi aRniSnavs mibaZvas<br />
moqmedebisadmi im saganTa, romelnic gamoTqmul arian Zireul<br />
sityvebiTa~ (Jordania 1889, 92).<br />
`-obana daboloeba farTod ixmareba Tanamedrove saliteraturo<br />
qarTulsa (mwerlobaSi, presaSi...), da <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis aRmosavlur<br />
kiloebSi. misi erT-erTi funqcia igivea, rac -oba-si. igi sabavSvo<br />
garToba-TamaSobaTa saxelwodebebis sawarmoebeli bolosarTia~ (cxadaZe,<br />
ike, t. XXVI, 1987, 142). mag.: daWer-obana, damal-obana, om-obana, ded-obana,<br />
saxl-obana, koW-obana da a.S.<br />
`-obia sufiqsi -obana formis identuria da ixmareba <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis<br />
dasavlur kiloebSi, saidanac igi am kuTxidan gamosul mweralTa<br />
nawarmoebebSi iCens Tavs~ (ike, t. XXVI, 1987, 145). mag.: Cxir-obia, kenW-obia,<br />
malul-obia, danas-obia, stumr-obia, baton-obia da a.S.<br />
-oba, -obana, -obia rTuli sufiqsebia, maTSi gamoiyofa -ob-a, -ob-ana,<br />
ob-ia elementebi.<br />
TiToeul zemoT dasaxelebul sityva-terminSi Sinaarsobrivad<br />
igulisxmeba saTeatro xelovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli `viTomuroba~,<br />
gansaxierebis, TamaSis, sxvisi mibaZvis survili.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare Teatralur sanaxaobiTi xelovnebis aRmniSvnel<br />
(mxolod <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminologiisaTvis damaxasiaTebel) terminTa<br />
sawarmoeblad miviCnevT -obana, -obia sufiqsebs (-oba sxva dargis<br />
terminTa sawarmoeblad farTod gamoiyeneba).<br />
Teatralur teminologiaSi gvxvdeba -eba sufiqsi. `-oba-sagan<br />
gansxvavebiT, is -ier-ze gaTavebul zedsarTavTagan awarmoebs ganyenebul<br />
126
saxelebs: bednier-eba, gonier-eba, zmnuri warmoSobisaa, magram dRes<br />
saxelia: cxovr-eba; zmnuri forma aqvs ars-eba-s. zmnis forma<br />
zedsarTavad aris gamoyenebuli da amisgan Semdeg abstraqtuli saxelia<br />
nawarmoebi: Rirs > Rirs-i > Rirs-eba.<br />
-eba gvxdeba Tanamedrove qarTulSi: afiSir-eb-s _ afiSir-eba;<br />
dublir-eb-s _ dublir-eba; inscenir-eb-s _ inscenir-eba; moqmed-eb-s _<br />
moqmed-eba; angaJir-eb-s _ angaJir-eba; axmovan-eb-s _ gaxmovan-eba; ascenur-<br />
eb-s _ gascenur-eba; aSarJ-eb-s _ gaSarJeba.<br />
-eba sufiqsi umetesad daerTvis ucxoenovan sityvebs. masalaze<br />
dakvirvebam dagvanaxva, rom am sityvebis fuZeebi bolovdeba -ir sufiqsze.<br />
mag.: angaJireba, inscenireba, dublireba, afiSireba, reklamireba da a. S.<br />
`nasesxeb zmnaTa jgufSi -овать daboloebis mocilebis Semdeg darCenili<br />
nawili warmoadgens saTanado germanuli zmnis fuZes: -ир rusulma miiRo<br />
germanulisagan, romelsac, Tavis mxriv, igi umetes SemTxvevaSi nasesxebi<br />
aqvs frangulidan (amJamad am ukanasknelSi igi aRar aris)~ (abesaZe 1989,<br />
311).<br />
-eba sufiqsi <strong>qarTuli</strong> ZirebiT nawarmoeb sityvebTanac gvxvdeba.<br />
Sdr.: a-xmovan-eb-s _ ga-xmovan-eba; ga-a-naT-eb-s _ ga-naT-eba; Sdr. Zv. qarT.<br />
gancxroma da gancxrom-eba, baasi da ga-baas-eba da a.S.<br />
sainteresoa, rom rogorc Zvel, aseve axal qarTul Teatralur<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong>Si ar gvxvdeba abstraqtulobis mawarmoebeli konfiqsi si-<br />
_ -o, xolo si- _ -e Tanamedrove qarTulSi dasturdeba mxolod erT<br />
terminTan: `simwyobre~- мерность. (rqdTxt. 1964, 23).<br />
rogorc d. meliqiSvili aRniSnavs, Zvel qarTul filosofiur-<br />
Teologiur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si `si-R-e konfiqsi distribuciis dabali<br />
xarisxiT xasiaTdeba. igi, oriode gamonaklisis garda, SeiZleba daerTos<br />
mxolod zedsarTavi saxelis FfuZes. samagierod am fuZeebTan igi didi<br />
aqtivobiT da regularobiT gamoirCeva~ (meliqiSvili 1999, 57).<br />
amgvarad, Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si abstraqtulobis<br />
mawarmoebeli afiqsebidan yvelaze produqtiulia -oba, Semdeg -eba. ar<br />
127
gvxvdeba si- _ -o konfiqsi. si- _ -e warmoebis erTaderTi SemTxveva<br />
dasturdeba (simwyobre).<br />
saerTod, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, abstraqtuli saxelebiT<br />
produqtiulia <strong>Teatraluri</strong> <strong>terminologia</strong>. es imiTacaa Sepirobebuli,<br />
rom <strong>Teatraluri</strong> xelovneba abstraqciaze, warmosaxvaze, garkveuli saxe-<br />
xatebis Seqmnasa da mis ganzogadebazea orientirebuli.<br />
128
2. xeloba – (profesiis) aRmniSvneli me- _ -e; me- _ -ur; mo- _ -e; mo- _ -ur<br />
konfiqsebi<br />
qarTul Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si Yyvelaze xSirad me- _ -e<br />
dasturdeba, magram me- _ -e konfiqsuri warmoeba mxolod xelobasa da<br />
profesiaze ar migvaniSnebs: `me- _ -e mawarmoebliani saxeli mxolod im<br />
pirs ar aRniSnavs, romelic am Tu im dargis specialistia. am saxelTa<br />
ZiriTadi Tviseba isaa, rom TiToeuli maTgani aRniSnavs iseT pirs,<br />
romlis saqmianobac dakavSirebulia im saganTan, romlis saxelsac am<br />
sityvis fuZe warmoadgens. `xeloba~ aq mxolod erT-erTi SesaZlebeli<br />
mniSvnelobaTagania~ (foCxua 1966, 111).<br />
Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si me- _ -e warmoebis swored aseT<br />
SemTxvevebTan gvaqvs saqme.<br />
me- _ -e farTod aris gavrcelebuli Zvel qarTulSi:<br />
me-mRer-e //me-mRer-i; me-das-e; me-godeb-e; me-avl-e // me-avil-e (me-nestv-e _<br />
saba 1991, 458); me-fundruk-e (`Wabukni moTamaSeni~ saba 1991, 467); me-SuSpar-<br />
e; me-aCrdil-e; me-mwyobr-e; me-musik-e; me-Cang-e; me-baxt-e (`ucxoebT<br />
mrokavni~ _ saba 1991, 458); me-nafir-e (Casaber sakravebze damkvreli<br />
musikosi (Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> termini) (Толк.слов. 1985; 414); me-noag-e (sasaxlis<br />
gasarTobi saxiobis msmenel – mayurebeli (Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> termini)<br />
(Толк.слов. 1985; 414). mewisqvile (Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> TamaSi – sanaxaoba~<br />
(Толк.слов. 1985; 418); me-arf-e; me-saxi-e; me-arRn-e; me-buk-e; me-naRar-e; me-<br />
sazandr-e; me-dair-e; me-dol-e; me-Congur-e; me-stvir-e; me-fandur-e.<br />
me- _ -e konfiqsi Zvel qarTulSi gvxvdeba <strong>qarTuli</strong> sityvebis<br />
sarTebad. mag.: me-mRer-e//me-mRer-i; me-noag-e; me-buk-e; me-dol-e; me-nestv-e-Á;<br />
me-aTZal-e-Á; me-fandur-e. Zvel qarTulSi gamoiyeneba ucxouri<br />
warmoSobis sityvebTanac. mag.: me-Teatron-e-Á; me-barbiT-e-Á; me-Cang-e-Á; me-<br />
mgosn-e-Á da a. S. axal qarTulSic me- _ -e konfiqsuri warmoeba ucxour<br />
sityvebTan Zalze produqtiulia: me-garderob-e; me-bileT-e; me-violin-e<br />
da a.S.<br />
129
m. tuskia wignSi `saxelTa afiqsuri warmoeba axal saliteraturo<br />
qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi~ miuTiTebs, me- _ -e konfiqsis xmarebis<br />
mravalferovnebaze da gamoyofs mis erT-erT funqcias. `3. musikalur<br />
sakravze damkvreli: me-sayvir-e, me-dukuk-e, me-Congur-e, me-stvir-e.~ (tuskia<br />
2004, 102-103). aRniSnuli funqciiT me- _ -e xSirad ixmareba Teatralur<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong>Si. zemoT dasaxelebul terminebs Soris rogorc Zvel,<br />
aseve Tanamedrove qarTulSi zogierTi maTgani musikalur termins<br />
warmoadgens. saerTod, xelovnebis am ori dargis terminebs Soris Wirs<br />
zRvris gavleba. saTeatro xelovneba aqtiurad iyenebs musikas (iseve<br />
rogorc xelovnebis sxva dargebs), amitom zemoT moxmobili terminebi<br />
dargTaSoris omonimur terminebad SeiZleba CavTvaloT.<br />
me- _ -ur (//-ul) konfiqsi Segvxvda mxolod erT sityvaSi _ me-Ta-<br />
ur-i. `meTauri – ferxulis xelmZRvaneli. meTaurs evaleboda ferxulis<br />
gamarTva, erTiani ritmis dacva, cekvis Sewyoba simRerasTan~ (Толк. слов.<br />
1985, 416).<br />
mo- _ -e Zvel qarTulSi gvaqvs Semdeg sityvebTan: mo-leqs-e; mo-<br />
asparez-e; mo-TamaS-e.<br />
mo- _ -ur warmoeba saerTod ar aris damaxasiaTebeli <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
terminologiisaTvis, rogorc Zvel, aseve axal qarTulSi.<br />
xeloba-profesiis mawarmoebeli afiqsebidan yvelaze produqtiulia<br />
me- _ -e konfiqsi. mo- _ -e sam sityvaSi, xolo me- _ -ur erT sityvaSi<br />
dasturdeba, mo- _ -ur warmoeba ar dasturdeba.<br />
130
3. warmomavlobis -ur//-ul, -el, -iur, -eul, -del(a-mdel), -ion sufiqsebi<br />
yvelaze meti sixSiriT gamoirCeva -ur//-ul sufiqsi, igi Teatralur<br />
terminTsistemaSi Tvisebis aRmniSvnel saxelTa mawarmoebelad<br />
gvevlineba.<br />
`warmomavlobis sufiqsi -ur(-ul) geografiul saxelTagan<br />
sadaurobas gviCvenebs, magram igive sufiqsi sxva saxelTanac aRniSnavs<br />
Tvisebas saTanado saganTan mimarTebiT: kac-ur-i, qal-ur-i, bavSv-ur-i,<br />
mgl-ur-i, mxec-ur-i da sxv.; vaWr-ul-i, Ror-ul-i da sxv.~ (SaniZe 1973, 128).<br />
Zvel qarTulSi Zalze produqtiulia -ur//-ul sufiqsuri warmoeba<br />
qoreografiul da musikalur terminebTan. mag.: mxedr-ul-i; ferx-ul-i;<br />
cer-ul-i; mTiul-ur-i; qarT-ul-i; davl-ur-i; baRdad-ur-i mayr-ul-i; jvar-<br />
ul-i da a.S.<br />
`axal qarTulSi -ur sufiqsi Tvisebis aRmniSvnel saxelTa yvelaze<br />
aqtiuri mawarmoebelia. igi daerTvis rogorc qarTul, ise ucxouri<br />
warmomavlobis saxelebs da aRniSnavs Tvisebas, Zireul saganTan<br />
mimarTebiT (tuskia 2004, 67).<br />
axal qarTul Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si -ur//-ul sufiqsi zemoT<br />
dasaxelebuli semantikuri niSniT awarmoebs Semdeg terminebs: msaxiob-i<br />
_ msaxiob-ur-i (niWi, talanti); scena _ scen-ur-i; reJisor-i _ reJisor-<br />
ul-i; drama _ dramat-ul-i; tragedia _ tragik-ul-i; komedia _ komik-ur-i;<br />
artist-i _ artist-ul-i; aqtior-i _ aqtior-ul-i; mimika _ mimik-ur-i;<br />
Teatral-i _ Teatral-ur-i; musikal-i _ musikal-ur-i; pop-ur-i; balagan-<br />
ur-i; batal-ur-i; bravur-ul-i; peizan-ur-I (glexuri pariki); general-ur-i;<br />
deklamaci-ur-i; epizod-ur-i; sinTez-ur-i; final-ur-i; paTetik-ur-i;<br />
olimpi-ur-i; grotesk-ul-i; inscenireb-ul-i; kamer-ul-i; heroik-ul-i da<br />
a.S.<br />
sityvebSi Teatral-ur-i da musikal-ur-i -al elementi saTanado<br />
zedsarTavebSi fuZiseulia. es sityvebi berZnuli warmoSobisaa. Sdr.:<br />
Teatrali (magram ar dasturdeba *musikali), `<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT<br />
131
leqsikonSi~ sityva *musikali ar gvxvdeba. *musikalis nacvlad<br />
gamoiyeneba termini melomani: `melomani _ simReriT, musikiT gatacebuli<br />
(megreliZe 1980, 24).<br />
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ dasturdeba formebi<br />
musikaluri da musikaloba, magram ar aris ganmartebuli Teatraluroba;<br />
groteskuloba, Tumca dasturdeba termini komikuroba _ sasacilooba.<br />
zogierT terminTan saqme gvaqvs -oba sufiqsis amgvar gamoyenebasTan.<br />
mag.: komik-ur-oba, ansambl-ur-oba, malan-ur-oba, scen-ur-oba, Teatral-ur-<br />
oba, epizod-ur-oba, sinTez-ur-oba, paTetik-ur-oba, ansambluri _<br />
ansamblur-oba; komikuri _ komikur-oba da a.S.<br />
amgvari warmoeba ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia ucxouri warmoSobis<br />
sityvebisTvis.<br />
warmomavlobis sufiqsebidan -ion gvxvdeba Zvel qarTulSi<br />
dadasturebul termin saxionSi. `saxioni _ niRbis Zvel<strong>qarTuli</strong> xalxuri<br />
saxelwodebaa~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 611).<br />
-ion sufiqsi -ian-is fonetikur variantadaa miCneuli (s. janaSia<br />
1937, 212; arn. Ciqobava 1942, 118).<br />
`-ian (-ion) afiqsebSi Semavali -an elementi ramdenime erTmaneTTan<br />
mWidrod dakavSirebuli mniSvnelobis Semcvelia. SeuZlia aRniSnos:<br />
warmomavloba, krebiToba, qoneba~ (tuskia 2004, 74). Cven mier moyvanil<br />
magaliTSi -ion qonebis funqciiT ixmareba. saxioni semantikurad igivea,<br />
rac niRbiani, `saxiani~, niRbis mqone.<br />
warmomavlobis zemoT dasaxelebuli -ur//-ul, -el, -ier, -eul, -del<br />
(a-mdel), -ion sufiqsebidan -ur//-ul da -ion sufiqsebis garda<br />
Teatralur terminTa sawarmoeblad sxva arc erTi sufiqsi ar<br />
gamoiyeneba.<br />
132
4. daniSnulebis saxelTa mawarmoebeli sa- _ -o, sa- _ -ul, sa- _ -e<br />
konfiqsebi<br />
sa- _ -o konfiqsi Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si daerTvis arsebiTebs,<br />
zedsarTavebs, saxelzmnebs, warmoqmnil saxelebs. ucxo warmomavlobis<br />
saxelebs da aRniSnavs daniSnuleba-gankuTvnebas an Tvisebas. mag.:<br />
sa- _ -o gvxvdeba Zvel qarTulSi: sa-Teatron-o-Á; sa-naRar-o (XVII-<br />
XVIII saukuneebSi momaval msaxiobTa momzadeba warmoebda sasaxlis<br />
karTan arsebul e.w. sanaRaroSi (uruSaZe 1999, 91); sa-masxara-o; sa-xumar-o<br />
da a.S.<br />
axal qarTulSi Teatralur terminTa sawarmoeblad sa- _ -o ufro<br />
xSirad gamoiyeneba. mag.: sa-msaxiob-o; sa-aqtior-o; sa-artist-o; sa-gmir-o;<br />
sa-rol-o (sarolo rveuli); sa-grim-o//sa-grimior-o; sa-moqmed-o; sa-<br />
garderob-o; sa-reJisor-o; sa-Teatr-o; sa-karnaval-o; sa-xelovneb-o; sa-<br />
scen-o; sa-antraqt-o; sa-rekvizitor-o; sa-debiut-o; sa-dekoraci-o; sa-<br />
tansacml-o; sa-pirfareS-o; sa-proeqci-o; sa-metyvel-o; sa-karnax-o; a.S. am<br />
terminebs Soris zogi gaarsebiTebulia (sagrimioro), zogi zedsarTavi<br />
ki msazRvrelad gvevlineba Sesityvebis formis terminebSi. mag.: saTeatro<br />
xelovneba, saferxulo wyoba, sadebiuto roli da a. S.<br />
moviyvanT ramdenime magaliTs:<br />
1. `cxovrebis sinamdvilesTan kavSiris gareSe ar arsebobs saTeatro<br />
xelovneba~ (uruSaZe 1982, 7).<br />
2. `nivTebis moxatulobaSi mecnierebma amoikiTxes uxsovar droTa<br />
saTeatro sanaxaobebis anareklebi: TrialeTSi aRmoCenil vercxlis<br />
sasmisze niRbosanTa saferxulo wyobis misteria~ (uruSaZe 1982, 8).<br />
Zvel qarTulSi gvxvdeba forma sa-Teatr-o-Á (ix. zemoT:<br />
saTeatrono-Á).<br />
3. `amave dros gadasawyvetia mravali wminda saxelovnebo problemac:<br />
mxatvruli simarTlisa da mxatvruli pirobiTobis, asaxvis SemoqmedebiTi<br />
133
meTodis, tradiciis, novatorobis, Janris, stilis, SemoqmedebiTi<br />
rwmenisa~ (uruSaZe 1982, 6).<br />
4. `gansxvavebulia sasceno nawarmoebTa mxatvruli xarisxic~ (uruSaZe<br />
1982, 7).<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom daniSnulebis sa- _ -ul konfiqsiT iwarmoeba<br />
ramdenime <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini. mag.: sa-Ta-uri (piesis saTauri). sa-<br />
warmoebis modelebi Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si ar dasturdeba,<br />
naklebia sa- _ -e warmoebis nimuSebi: sa-saxiob-e, (skene _scena); sa-mgosn-e<br />
da a.S.<br />
Zvel qarTul Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si SeimCneva saintereso<br />
faqti, terminebis umetesoba konfiqsuri warmoebisaa da ganekuTvneba<br />
mimReobaTa jgufs. subieqturi momReobis formebia m- _ -el da ma- _ -el.<br />
(oden m- _ prefiqsis xmarebis mcireodeni SemTxveva gvaqvs):<br />
m-rokv-el-i; m-saxiob-el-i; m-waf-el-i; m-Tqm-el-i; ma-xiob-el-i; m-<br />
Txrob-el-i; m-galob-el-i; m-rokav-i; m-zuelav-i.<br />
am modelis mixedviTaa miRebuli termini ma-yureb-el-i, romelic<br />
Zvel qarTulSi ar dasturdeba da gvian gaCenili termini Cans.<br />
sa- _ -el: sa-xilv-el-i (<strong>Teatraluri</strong> nageboba); sa-galob-el-i<br />
gan-sa-cxrom-el-i (Sdr.: gancxroma _ <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatralur –sanaxaobiTi<br />
xelovnebis erT-erTi uZvelesi saxeoba (Толк. слов. 1985, 154).<br />
gansacxromeli Zvel qarTulSi niSnavda sanaxaobis (warmodgenis) adgils.<br />
sa-misnv-el-i; sa-mRer-el-i (`skena an scena (Zvel<strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini~) (Толк. слов. 1985, 608).<br />
a.S<br />
mo- _ -il: mo-Zax-il-i;<br />
mo- _ -al/ar: mo-mRer-al-i; mo-kicx-ar-i; ma-oc-ar-i; m-grZnob-ar-i da<br />
134
5. qonebis saxelTa mawarmoebeli -ian, -ovan, -osan -a sufiqsebi<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi dairTaven qonebis saxelTa mawarmoebel<br />
sufiqsebsac:<br />
-ian-i: grim-ian-i; niRb-ian-i (es forma sasaubro metyvelebisTvisacaa<br />
damaxasiaTebeli), sax-iani;<br />
-ovan: xat-ovani; sax-ovani (mravalsaxovani).<br />
-osan: niRb-osani (Sdr.: `niRbosanTa Teatri~).<br />
135
6. wina viTarebis konfiqsi na- _ -eb gvaqvs na-TamaS-eb formaSi (mag.:<br />
naTamaSebi roli).<br />
qarTul Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si nasesxebi terminebi qarTul<br />
enaSi sakuTari afiqsebiT Semodis, aseTi termini <strong>qarTuli</strong> enisaTvis<br />
martiv terminad CaiTvleba. mas SeuZlia dairTos <strong>qarTuli</strong> sarTebi. mag.:<br />
asparez-oba; Teatr(al)-ur-i; komik – komedia – komizmi – komik-ur-i, scena<br />
_ scen-ur-i _ scen-ur-oba; bileTi _ me-bileT-e; heroizmi _ heroik-ul-i;<br />
garderobi _ sa-garderob-e da a. S.<br />
daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom Teatralur terminTa<br />
sityvaTwarmoeba iyenebs rogorc zogadad erTian (mecnierebis,<br />
xelovnebis, teqnikis) sityvaTwarmoebiTs sistemas, aseve specifikur<br />
warmoebas. specifikur, ganmasxvavebel niSnad SeiZleba miviCnioT Semdegi:<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> TamaSobebis (iqneba es sanaxaobiTi Tu sabavSvo)<br />
aRmniSvneli terminebi specifikuri, mxolod <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
terminologiisaTvis damaxasiaTebel warmoebas iyenebs. mag.: ber-obana<br />
(igive berikaoba), Tojin-obana, saxl-obana, zRapr-obana.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, savsebiT SesaZlebelia Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi<br />
xelovnebis aRmniSvnel terminTa sawarmoeblad miviCnioT mxolod<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminologiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sufiqsebi -obana<br />
//obani; -obia.<br />
qarTul Teatralur terminTa sawarmoeblad ar gvxvdeba si- _ -e<br />
(gvaqvs erTaderTi SemTxveva, <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini mwyobri, romlisganac<br />
iwarmoeba si-mwyobr-e, aseve me-mwyobr-e formebi da Sesityveba `mwyobri<br />
memRereTa~); -ed, -ad-oba sufiqsebi; (es ukanaskneli ZiriTadad<br />
damaxasiaTebelia teqnikuri terminologiisaTvis). ar iZebneba aseve -eb-i, -<br />
ianneb-i, -iann-i, -ovann-i, -osann-i, -ebrn-i, -nairn-i, -magvarn-i, -msgavsn-i-s<br />
warmoeba (damaxasiaTebelia sabunebismetyvelo terminologiisaTvis).<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> xelovnebis saxiT Cven saqme gvaqvs xelovnebis erT-erT<br />
urTules dargTan, romelic Tavisi arsiT sinTezuri xasiaTisaa da<br />
moicavs xelovnebis TiTqmis yvela dargs. amitomac masac sakuTari `ena~<br />
136
moepoveba, romelic zogad progressa da miRwevebTan erTad<br />
yoveldRiurad mdidrdeba axali cnebebiTa da Sesabamisi terminebiT.<br />
`bunebrivia, mecnierebis ena (xelovnebis enac – i.l.) ver daelodeba<br />
saerTo enis ganviTarebis stabilursa da myar kanonebs da igi xSirad<br />
terminis Sesaqmnelad sakuTar gzebsa da saSualebebs iyenebs,<br />
Taviseburad epyroba enobriv masalas, anawilebs da zogjer funqciebs<br />
ucvlis tradiciul sityvawarmoebas an sityvaTa mawarmoebel afiqsebs,<br />
xelovnurad agebs terminTa modelebs, mTels sistemebs~ (RambaSiZe 1986,<br />
139).<br />
137
d a s k v n a<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> <strong>terminologia</strong>, miuxedavad misi simdidrisa<br />
da istoriuli Rirebulebisa monografiulad dRemde Seuswavleli iyo,<br />
rac saWiros xdida am sakiTxis specialur Seswavlas.<br />
winamdebare disertaciaSi Tavmoyrilia <strong>qarTuli</strong> literaturis<br />
originalursa Tu naTargmn ZeglebSi dadasturebuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
terminebi, saerTod, saTeatro xelovnebasTan dakavSirebuli sityvebi,<br />
romlebsac terminebad ver miviCnevT, magram isini mniSvnelovan masalas<br />
warmoadgenen <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminologiis kvlevisaTvis.<br />
naSromSi ganxilulia sxvadasxva <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminis Sesaxeb<br />
gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi da warmodgenilia cda terminTa rogorc<br />
gramatikuli, aseve semantikuri analizisa. kerZod, gamoyofilia<br />
Teatralur terminTa semantikuri veli da Tematuri jgufebi.<br />
Sesaval nawilSi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva mkvlevris mier<br />
terminologiis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli arsebiTi mosazrebebi. yuradReba<br />
gamaxvilebulia xelovnebis terminologiis erT specifikur sakiTxzedac:<br />
esaa terminTa emociur-eqspresiul neitraluroba, Tumca vfiqrobT, rom<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebis garkveuli nawili emociuroba-<br />
eqspresiulobisagan bolomde daclili ar aris.<br />
naSromis pirvel TavSi (<strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi<br />
kulturis sawyisebi da misi ganviTarebis istoria)<br />
mimoxilulia <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris sawyisebi da misi ganviTarebis gzebi.<br />
meore TavSi (qarTul Teatralur terminTa Seswavlis<br />
istoriisaTvis) ganxilulia sxvadasxva mkvlevris mier gamoTqmuli<br />
mosazrebebi da warmodgenilia calkeul terminTa semantikuri da<br />
gramatikuli analizi.<br />
naSromis mesame TavSi (<strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminologiis semantikuri<br />
veli da Tematuri jgufebi) gaaanalizebulia Teatralur terminTa<br />
semantikuri veli da Tematuri jgufebi. naSromis ZiriTadi mizani iyo<br />
138
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminologiis semantikuri klasifikacia Tematur<br />
jgufebad mocemuli velis farglebSi. kerZod, <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
<strong>terminologia</strong> warmovadgineT zogadad xelovnebis terminologiis erT<br />
semantikur velad. am semantikuri velis farglebSi mizanSewonilad iqna<br />
miCneuli <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminologiis Tematur jgufebad<br />
gamoyofa cnebiTobis da mTelisa da nawilis mimarTebaTa<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
gamoiyo cxra Tematuri jgufi:<br />
1. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> nageboba da teqnikuri momsaxureba;<br />
2. msaxiobi;<br />
3. <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris saxeebi;<br />
4. dramaturgia;<br />
5. reJisura;<br />
6. scenografia;<br />
7. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> musika;<br />
8. qoreografia;<br />
9. mayurebeli.<br />
disertaciis meoTxe Tavi (Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi terminebi Zvelsa<br />
da saSual qarTulSi), danarCeni Tavebisagan gansxvavebiT, ufro<br />
moculobiTia da Sedgeba cxra qveTavisagan.<br />
pirvel qveTavSi (<strong>Teatraluri</strong> nagebobis aRmniSvneli terminis<br />
`Teatris~ sinonimebi Zvel qarTulSi) gaanalizebulia Zvel qarTulSi<br />
dadasturebuli terminebi: Teatroni, saxilveli, saxedveli, saxedavi,<br />
saxli saTamaSoi.<br />
berZnuli Teatroni da <strong>qarTuli</strong> saxilveli Zvel qarTulSi<br />
sinonimur terminebs warmoadgenen. orive termins or-ori mniSvneloba<br />
udasturdeba. pirveli mniSvnelobiT isini <strong>Teatraluri</strong> nagebobis cnebis<br />
aRmniSvnelia, xolo meore mniSvnelobiT sanaxaobis, warmodgenis cnebas<br />
gadmogvcems. saxilvels sxva mniSvnelobebic aqvs.<br />
Teatris rogorc warmodgenisaTvis gankuTvnili nagebobis<br />
aRmniSvnelad gvevlineba `saxli saTamaSoÁ _ sanaxaobisaTvis<br />
139
gankuTvnili specialuri nagebobis saxelwodeba, romelic Sendeboda<br />
mefis sasaxleebSi Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 612).<br />
Zvel qarTulSi cnobili iyo <strong>Teatraluri</strong> nagebobis aRmniSvneli<br />
kidev erTi termin-Sesityveba `saxli salxino~ (saqarTveloSi nadimisa da<br />
sanaxaobaTa saxli) _ nadimis dros aq gamodiodnen `saxiobis~<br />
Semsrulebeli momRerlebi da musikosebi. (XI-XII s.)~ (Толк. слов. 1985, 612).<br />
dasaxelebuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminebi _ Teatroni, saxilveli,<br />
saxedavi, saxedveli, saxli saTamaSoÁ, saxli salxino _ gvevlineba<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> warmodgenebisaTvis gankuTvnili nagebobebis aRmniSvnel<br />
terminebad. Teatroni, saxilveli, saxedavi, saxedveli Zvel qarTulSi<br />
ufro farTo mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneboda, vidre saxli saTamaSoÁ da<br />
saxli salxino.<br />
meore qveTavi exeba termin `msaxiob~-s da mis erT-erT sinonims<br />
Zvel qarTulSi.<br />
leqsikonebis mixedviT `msaxiobis~ cnebis gadmosacemad axal<br />
qarTulSi Semdegi sinonimuri sityvebi ixmareba: msaxiobi, artisti,<br />
aqtiori, mimisti, komedianti. sinonimTa es rigi, rogorc vxedavT, arc ise<br />
mravalricxovania. semantikuri sxvaoba am sinonimebs Soris met-naklebad<br />
TvalsaCino SeiZleba iyos. mag.: artistis mniSvneloba ufro farToa.<br />
`miuxedavad amisa, isini sinonimebs warmoadgenen, radgan maT erTi saerTo<br />
niSani aerTianebT _ es maTi nominaciuri funqciaa, isini erTsa da imave<br />
denotats aRniSnaven~ (RambaSiZe 1986, 36).<br />
Cven mier dasaxelebul sinonimur rigSi dominanti sityvaa msaxiobi,<br />
danarCenebi: artisti, aqtiori, mimisti, komedianti am mniSvnelobis<br />
gansxvavebul niuansebs Seicaven.<br />
`msaxiobi~ Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>Teatraluri</strong> terminia, Tumca Zv.<br />
qarTulSi am formiT (oden m- prefiqsiT: m-saxiob-i) igi ar dasturdeba.<br />
`msaxiob~ terminSi nagulisxmevi cnebis gamosaxatavad Zvel qarTulSi<br />
bevrad meti terminia gamoyenebuli, vidre es Tanamedrove qarTulSi<br />
gvaqvs. `qarTul sabWoTa enciklopediaSi~ msaxiobis gansamartav sityva-<br />
statias miwerili aqvs: Zv. qarTulSi memRere, mesaxiobe; msaxiobi,<br />
140
msaxiobeli... sinamdvileSi sinonimTa es rigi ufro farToa: msaxiobeli,<br />
maxiobeli, mgosani, mzuelavi, mimosi (anu mokicxari) memRere, mesaxie, (d.<br />
janeliZe) meTeatrone; meaCrdile, moTamaSe.<br />
Zveli da saSuali <strong>qarTuli</strong>s Zeglebis mixedviT dadasturebuli<br />
`msaxiobis~ aRmniSvnel terminTa aseTi simravle Teatralur terminTa<br />
Camoyalibeba-daxvewis, terminTqmnadobis uwyvet da intensiur process<br />
mianiSnebs.<br />
formobrivi da semantikuri TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT<br />
sainteresoa termini meaCrdile.<br />
z. sarjvelaZis `Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikonSi~ damowmebulia<br />
meaCrdile formidan nawarmoebi `meaCrdileTagan-i _ msaxiobTagani.<br />
numca vin erisaganni da ufroÁsRa meaCrdileTaganni anu meZavni iÃumeven<br />
[didi sj. 196, 16]~ (sarjvelaZe 1995, 111).<br />
es sityva formobrivad ase daiSleba; me-aCrdil-e < aCrdil-i <<br />
Crdil < Crd-il > Crd (si-Crd-o).<br />
semantikuri TvalsazrisiT meaCrdile igive msaxiobia, romelic<br />
kargad flobs gardasaxvis, sxvad gardaqcevis xelovnebas, sxvisi<br />
aCrdilia, sxvisi gamoxatuleba, anabeWdi, gadmoscems sxva adamianis<br />
cxovrebas, sxvisi magaliTia. z. sarjvelaZis ganmartebiT, magaliTeba _<br />
msgavseba. aCrdilis meore mniSvnelobac rom magaliTTan, aslTan,<br />
anabeWdTan aris dakavSirebuli amas mowmobs qegl-Si warmodgenili<br />
magaliTis mniSvneloba (2).... `sxvisaTvis misabaZi saqcieli Tu movlena<br />
(qegl, t. V; 1958, 4).<br />
SesaZlebelia, meaCrdilis Teatralur terminad qcevas safuZvlad<br />
daedo <strong>qarTuli</strong> xelovnebis wiaRSi arsebuli `Crdilebis Teatri~. aseTi<br />
daSvebis SemTxvevaSi, meaCrdile `Crdilebis Teatris~ (Tojinebis)<br />
mTavari msaxiobi iqneboda. albaT, SemdgomSi terminma mniSvneloba<br />
gaifarTova da zogadad Teatris msaxiobis aRmniSvnelad mogvevlina.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris istorikosi dimitri janeliZe am Teatris Sesaxeb wers:<br />
`TviT saxelwodeba gvafiqrebinebs, rom xalxma dakarga Crdilebis<br />
141
Teatri, magram misi terminebi SeinarCuna da sxva sanaxaobaTaTvis<br />
gamoiyena~ (janeliZe 1983, 203).<br />
disertaciis meoTxe Tavis mesame qveTavSi SevexeT sqesis<br />
gramatikuli kategoriis gamoxatvas Zvel qarTul Teatralur terminebSi.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, <strong>qarTuli</strong> ena ar ganarCevs gramatikuli sqesis<br />
formebs. saWiro SemTxvevaSi <strong>qarTuli</strong> axerxebs bunebrivi sqesis<br />
gamoxatvas leqsikuri saSualebiT mxolod sulieri sagnis<br />
saxeldebisTvis. magram es saSualeba uZluria, gadmosces ucxoenovani<br />
gramatikuli sqesis Sinaarsi. es garemoeba garkveul siZneleebs uqmnida<br />
Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> Targmanebis gadmomRebT, romlebic metwilad<br />
damokidebulni iyvnen bibliur Tu sxva saxis TxzulebaTa berZnul<br />
wyaroebze. berZnulSi ki gramatikuli sqesi mkveTradaa gamoxatuli<br />
rogorc saxelTa bolokiduri daboloebiT, aseve, rac mTavaria,<br />
artikliT.<br />
qarTul saliteraturo enaSi mimdinare tendenciebma gavlena<br />
moaxdines Teatralur terminebzec. CvenTvis saintereso magaliTebi<br />
iZebneba im drois naTargmn ZeglebSi. XII saukunis berZnulidan naTargmn<br />
ioseb flaviosis `moTxrobani iudaebrivisa Zuelsityuaobisan-Si~<br />
erTmaneTis gverdigverd dasturdeba Semdegi formebi: mgalobela,<br />
mgalobelani/mgalobelni (mr. r. mamrobiTis mniSvnelobiT); momRerala<br />
/momReri.<br />
`mgalobela _ mgalobeli qali: simravle ukue msaxurTaÁ Seudga...…<br />
bevri..., xolo mgalobelni da mgalobelani oras ormeocaxuTni~ 11:3,10.<br />
(ioseb flaviosi 1988, 401).<br />
`momRerala _ qali momRerali, musikosi: `miwera kleopatraÁsa,<br />
raÁTa TanaSeweoda mas momRerala vinme warRebad nawerTa~ 15:2,5. mousourgu<br />
(iqve, 405).'<br />
`momReri _ masxara: `romeli iyo mefisa momReri da kicxvaTa da<br />
adgilis SinaTa siRodaTa Semwynarebel iyo~ 12:4,9. a']zurma (iqve, 405).<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom mdedrobiTis a sufiqsis uZveles al saxeobis<br />
iSviaT magaliTad (reliqtad) aris miCneuli `momRerni~-s sapirispiro<br />
142
forma `momReralebni~ giorgi monazonis `xronografis~ petriwuli<br />
stiliT Sesrulebul TargmanSi, sadac moyvanilia citata<br />
`eklesiastedan~ (2,78): `movigen monani da mÃevalni, da saxlis-wulni<br />
iqmnnes Cemda mraval ufroÁs yovelTa yofilTasa uwinares Cemsa<br />
ierusalÀms. da Sevkribe vecxlica da oqroÁ da simdidre mefeTaÁ da<br />
yanaTaÁ da ganvawyven momRerni da momReralebni da saSuebelni Zisa<br />
kacisani, mwdeni da mwdeani~.<br />
k. donduas miaCnia, rom `momReralebni~-is al- sufiqsi iseTive<br />
Rirebulebisaa, rogorc a `mwdean~ sityvaSi (maTi berZnuli fardebi<br />
a;dou;saz da ai;uoco;cz mdedr. sqesis mr. ricxvis bralobiTi brunvis<br />
formebia). `Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom `xronografis~ Targmanis Semcvel<br />
uZveles (XIII s.) xelnawerSi (A _ 174), romelic gamocemas daedo<br />
safuZvlad, bevri Secdomaa (asometoba, asonakloba...), maSin unda<br />
vifiqroT, rom Tavdapirvel teqstSi iqneboda `momReraebni~ da l<br />
gadamwers unda miematebina kanonier `momReral~ formis gavleniT, e. i.<br />
unda yofiliyo: momRer-i (mamr. sqesi) da momRera-Á (mdedr. sqesi)<br />
(danelia 1998, 102).<br />
Cven ver gaviziarebT dasaxelebul mosazrebas, radgan<br />
xronografis~ Targmanis Semcvel uZveles (XIII s.) xelnawerze adre<br />
forma momRerala gvxvdeba zemoT dasaxelebul, XII saukunis<br />
berZnulidan naTargmn, ioseb flaviosis `moTxrobani iudaebrivisa<br />
Zuelsityuaobisan-Si~. es teqsti qronologiurad win uswrebs<br />
`xronografis~ qarTul Targmans, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, mTargmnels<br />
gaazrebulad daewera forma momReralebni, radgan im dros mdedrobiTi<br />
sqesis gamosaxatad ukve dasturdeba momRerala da ara momReraÁ, rogorc<br />
amas korneli danelia miuTiTebs. Sesabamisad, mTargmnelisTvis ucxo ar<br />
iqneboda mxoloobiTi momRerala formisgan momReralebnis warmoeba.<br />
sqesis xelovnuri formebi dasturdeba XVIII-XIX saukuneebis<br />
nawerebSi, sadac aSkarad igrZnoba qarTulze rusuli enis gavlena.<br />
143
XIX saukuneSi yvelaze xSirad Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si<br />
gramatikuli sqesi gamoxatulia frangulidan nawarmoeb da CvenTan<br />
rusulis gziT damkvidrebul termin aqtior/aqtrisasTan.<br />
qarTul enaSi mimdinare yvela tendencia met-naklebad Seexo<br />
qarTul Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>sac, es exeba gramatikuli sqesis<br />
gamoxatvasac, magram radgan <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis bunebisaTvis es gramatikuli<br />
kategoria ucxoa, man qarTul Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Sic ver moikida<br />
fexi.<br />
disertaciis meoTxe Tavis meoTxe qveTavSi ganxilulia termin<br />
`saxiobis~ semantikuri mimarTeba `saxismetyvelebasTan~.<br />
Zvel qarTulSi sanaxaobaTa aRmniSvnel termins `saxioba~<br />
ewodeboda. bibliaSi saxioba semantikurad ukavSirdeba galobasac.<br />
Cveni azriT, saxioba Zvel qarTulSi or mniSvnelobas ukavSirdeba.<br />
erTi mniSvnelobiT is dakavSirebuli iyo musikasTan (`saxioba ese ars<br />
musika mwyobri ZalTa da sakravTani da Ãmoaneba tkbili, galoba Tu<br />
musika~ (saba 1993, 76). am SemTxvevaSi marTebulia i. abulaZis mosazreba<br />
saxiobis Zirad xe//xi gamoyofasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
meore mniSvnelobiT saxioba dakavSirebuli iyo saxesTan.<br />
(saxiobasax-i-oba).<br />
sainteresoa Zvel qarTulSi moqmedebiT brunvaSi dadasturebuli sityva<br />
saxiTi:<br />
`saxiT-i _ mimsgavsebiTi. gesma Tquen sityvaÁ arRara saxiTi da<br />
igaviTi~ (sarjvelaZe 1995, 187).<br />
radgan saxioba _ esaa raimes saxis, xatis, simbolos, vinmes saxis<br />
Seqmna, mimsgavseba, `saxeebiT azrovneba~, marTebuli iqneba, rogorc<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini, semantikurad saxis cnebas davukavSiroT.<br />
saxiobis paralelurad qarTul enaSi gaCnda termini<br />
saxismetyveleba, romelic dRes xelovnebaSi `saxeebiT azrovnebas~,<br />
alegoriul Tu simbolur gamoxatvas, raime Sinaarsis saxeobriv<br />
144
warmodgenas gulisxmobs. Cveni azriT, iseve rogorc saxiobis, aseve<br />
termin saxismetyvelebis amosavali mniSvnelobac saxes ukavSirdeba. aseve<br />
xdeba saxismetyvelebis monaTesave terminebSi (saxis mwerloba, saxis<br />
moqmedeba). semantikuri TvalsazrisiT am terminebs Soris<br />
urTierTmimarTeba ase gvesaxeba: saxioba aris moqmedeba, romelsac<br />
glovis an sixarulis gamosaxatavad mimarTavdnen, xolo saxismetyveleba<br />
misi gadataniTi, igavuri gaazreba, Tanamedrove gagebiT _ saxeebiT<br />
azrovnebaa.<br />
mexuTe qveTavSi warmodgenilia mRera da TamaSoba terminebis<br />
semantikuri mimarTeba.<br />
msaxiobis moqmedebis gamomxatveli cnebis aRsaniSnavad Zvel<br />
qarTulSi gamoiyeneboda <strong>qarTuli</strong> warmoSobis termini mRera. dRes mRera<br />
musikaluri xelovnebis terminologiis kuTvnilebaa. amJamad misi<br />
mniSvneloba daviwroebulia. Zvel qarTulSi ki mRera ufro farTo<br />
mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda.<br />
SesaZloa, mRera terminis mniSvnelobis daviwroeba ganapiroba im<br />
garemoebam, rom ukve saqarTveloSi XI-XII saukuneebSi Cndeba garTobis<br />
cnebis aRmniSvneli sparsuli termini TamaSi.<br />
Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si termini TamaSi semantikurad<br />
ukavSirdeba msaxiobis mier rolis gansaxierebas.<br />
meeqvse QqveTavSi warmodgenilia godebis saxioba _ tragedia.<br />
tragediis arsi gadmosacemad termin tragediis paralelurad Zvel<br />
qarTulSi dasturdeba TviTmyofi terminebi: `mosawevarTmetyebe~<br />
(tragikulTa filosofosad ganmartebuli) da `glovis mgosani~. termini<br />
`mgosani, rogorc iv. javaxiSvilma da ak. SaniZem gaarkvies, Zveli<br />
sparsulidan (`kosan~, `gosan~) unda iyos Semosuli saTanado<br />
saxecvlilebiT, TavSi mimReobis m- formantis darTviT.<br />
Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> terminis _ mosawevarTmetyebes mniSvneloba ase<br />
gvesaxeba: mosawevarTmetyebea filosofiurad moazrovne adamiani,<br />
romelic dastiris ara romelime micvalebuls (rogorc `glovis<br />
145
mgosnis~ SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs), aramed moTqvams wuTisoflis warmavlobasa<br />
da bedisweraze.<br />
meSvide qveTavi exeba godebis gundis aRmniSvneli cnebis<br />
gamomxatvel termin `zruns.~ Cveni azriT, zrun-i xmabaZviTi sityvaa, misi<br />
amosavali mniSvneloba msxvilfexa cxovelis xmadabal bRavils, an<br />
gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT adamianis mier gamocemuli msgavsi xmianobis<br />
gamoxatvas ukavSirdeba. analogiisaTvis, Sdr. qegl, IV: zmuil-i... gabmuli<br />
xmadabla bRavili (saqonlisa)... gadat. zmuilis xma. [solikos]<br />
mTrTolvare tuCebidan raRac xangrZlivi kvnesa, oxvra Tu zmuili<br />
aRmoxda (ek. gab.).<br />
zrun- fuZis semantikuri cvlileba ase gvesaxeba: zrun-i<br />
`msxvilfexis dabali xmianoba~ (xevs.) > gadat. adamianis moTqma, tirili,<br />
wuxili, Sdr; wux-s... wuxiliT aris Sepyrobili-naRvlobs... gadat.<br />
zrunavs, fiqrobs, (vinmeze an rameze) qegl, VIII.<br />
zrun- fuZis mniSvnelobis metaforuli cvlileba safuZvlad daedo<br />
am sityvis terminologizacias: zrun-i motiralis moTqma, Sdr; zruni<br />
`godebis bani~ _ saba).<br />
termin zrun-is saSualebiT motiralis moTqmis procesis<br />
gamoxatvasTan erTad am procesis Semsrulebeli gundis aRniSvnis<br />
funqciis SeTavseba (Sdr.; zrun-i gundi, romelic imeorebs momRerali<br />
solistis teqsts), terminologiuri sistemisaTvis arc Tu sasurveli,<br />
magram mainc faqtia da enaTmecnierebaSi `kategorialuri<br />
mravalmniSvnelianobis~ saxeliTaa cnobili (RambaSiZe 1985, 26-27).<br />
merve qveTavSi warmovadgineT Teatralur termin qsovilis<br />
semantikuri analizi. ucnobi avtoris dramatul piesaSi `samsaxeoba<br />
raindisa~, romelic, s. iordaniSvilis azriT, savaraudod XIX s-is<br />
dasawyisSi unda daweriliyo, gvxvdeba saintereso <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini<br />
`qsovili~. esaa Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> sanaxaobiTi xelovnebis `saxiobis~<br />
manamde ucnobi Janri.<br />
gus- / qus- saerTo qarTveluri sityvaa. `qarT. guas- gus- / qus- sa-<br />
guas-al-i; sa-gus-al-i;<br />
146
sa-qus-al-i; qs-ov-a; qs-el-i . . .<br />
megr. rS-/S-; rS-u-al-a > S-u-al-a;<br />
do-rS-v-il-i >: o-Su-al-i ><br />
laz. Sv-/S-o-Sv-al-u / o-S-u >; f-S-um<br />
>; o-Sv-al-er-i ><br />
svan. jiS – / jS – li-jiS ; na-jiS-u :<br />
141).<br />
xu-a-jS-e >; an-jiS (fenrixi, sarjvelaZe 2000,<br />
saliteraturo qarTulSi termini qsovili ar aris mxolod erTi<br />
dargis kuTvnileba. igi moicavs rogorc xelovnebis, maT Soris<br />
literaturis, aseve medicinis sferos. saqme gvaqvs terminis erTi<br />
dargidan meoreSi gadasvlis SemTxvevasTan, rasac Tan axlavs<br />
mniSvnelobis gardaqmna. xdeba reterminologizacia (gamyreliZe da sxv.<br />
2003, 395).<br />
sityva qsovili, Cveni azriT, Tavdapirvelad xelobasTan, Semdeg _<br />
xelovnebasTan, kerZod gamoyenebiT xelovnebasTan unda yofiliyo<br />
dakavSirebuli. aqedan moxdeboda misi terminologizacia, xolo<br />
mogvianebiT Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si unda Sesuliyo, dRes ki saqme<br />
gvaqvs dargTaSoris omonimur terminTan.<br />
amrigad, Zveli Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi xelovnebis saxiobis erT-<br />
erTi, kerZod, `salaRobo~ Janris aRmniSvneli termini qsovili Semovida<br />
saxviTi (gamoyenebiTi) xelovnebis terminologiidan da SeiTavsa<br />
koleqtiuri Txzvis Sedegad miRebuli mxatvruli (literaturuli)<br />
nawarmoebis mniSvneloba.<br />
mecxre qveTavi exeba Teatralur termin dasis semantikuri<br />
cvlilebis sakiTxs.<br />
dasi rogorc <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termini `<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiTi<br />
leqsikonis~ rvatomeulSi mesame mniSvnelobad dasturdeba. gansxvavebuli<br />
viTareba gvaqvs erTtomeulSi: `das-i 1. romelime Teatris msaxiobTa<br />
koleqtivi. 2. (Zv.) saerTod, gundi, krebuli; jgufi. 3. raime<br />
sazogadoebrivi dajgufeba...~ (qegl, 1991, 407).<br />
147
ogorc Cans, `<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~<br />
erTtomeulis Sedgenis dros, saliteraturo qarTulSi sityva dasma<br />
mniSvnelobaTa klasifikaciaSi gadaadgileba ganicada.<br />
dRevandel saliteraturo qarTulSi sityva dass Teatralur<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong>Si ufro gaexsna gza da farTod gavrcelda rogorc<br />
termini, vidre yofiT leqsikaSi.<br />
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ rvatomeulSi<br />
dadasturebuli dasis danarCeni mniSvnelobebi dRes yofiT leqsikaSi<br />
SedarebiT iSviaTad ixmareba. dasi jgufis, krebulis mniSvnelobiT Zvel<br />
qarTulSi ufro xSirad dasturdeba.<br />
aseveNnaklebad gamoyeneba dasi, sazogadoebrivi dajgufebis,<br />
politikuri gaerTianebis mniSvnelobiT, gamonaklisia, albaT, axali<br />
politikuri partia `<strong>qarTuli</strong> dasi~.<br />
amasTanave unda aRiniSnos, rom dasi, rogorc termini dargTaSoris<br />
omonimur terminad miiCneva, radgan is ixmareba rogorc Teatralur,<br />
aseve saeklesio-Teologiur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si. dRes <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
terminologiisgan gansxvavebiT, SedarebiT naklebad, magram mainc<br />
gamoiyeneba musikalur <strong>terminologia</strong>Sic.<br />
sityva dasi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb saintereso mosazrebas gvawvdis<br />
i. javaxiSvili: `arc g u n d i da arc d a s i <strong>qarTuli</strong> sityvebi ar aris.<br />
pirveli somxurSic moipoveba da fahlauriTgan uSualod, anda somxuris<br />
gziT SeTvisebuli unda iyos, meorec Zvel somxurSic arsebobda da bevr<br />
sxva enaSic~ (javaxiSvili 1938, 234).<br />
`somxuri enis etimologiur leqsikonSi” sityva dasis qarTulTan<br />
SedarebiT bevri mniSvneloba dasturdeba: avtors igi somxuriTgan<br />
nasesxebad miaCnia.<br />
das-i 1. feodalur urTierTobaTa safuZvelze Camoyalibebul<br />
adamianTa dajgufeba. 2. adamianTa saqmianobis erTobaze damyarebuli<br />
dajgufeba. mag.: xelosanTa dasi. 3. (Zv.) klasi. 4. cxovelebis, mcenareebis,<br />
wiaRirseulTa dayofa msxvil erTeulebad, romelsac Tavis mxriv, kidev<br />
aqvs danayofebi (dasebi). 5. (enaTmecn.) morfologiuri niSniT<br />
148
gaerTianebuli klasebi: pirovnebis gamomxatveli sityvebis dasi. 6.<br />
Tanamdebobrivi dajgufebani. 7. saeklesio termini. mag.: mgalobelTa dasi.<br />
8. mgalobelTa sadgomi adgili eklesiaSi sakurTxevlis marjvena da<br />
marcxena mxares. 9. gakveTili… da masTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelobebi.<br />
(aRaiani 1976, 276).<br />
`somxuri enis etimologiur leqsikonSi~ dasi rogorc <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
termini ar dasturdeba, Tumca sityva dass qarTulsa da somxur enebSi<br />
ori mniSvneloba aqvT saerTo, esa: 2. adamianTa saqmianobis erTobaze<br />
damyarebuli dajgufeba. mag.: xelosanTa dasi. 7. saeklesio termini. mag.:<br />
mgalobelTa dasi.<br />
mexuTe TavSi warmodgenilia <strong>Teatraluri</strong> termin- derivatebi<br />
qarTulSi. Teatralur terminTa sityvaTwarmoeba efuZneba, zogadad<br />
erTian qarTul sityvaTwarmoebiTs sistemas, magram amave dros<br />
xasiaTdeba ganmasxvavebeli niSnebiT. aseTebad SeiZleba miviCnioT Semdegi<br />
niSnebi.<br />
Teatralur <strong>terminologia</strong>Si abstraqtulobis mawarmoebeli<br />
afiqsebidan yvelaze produqtiulia -oba, Semdeg -eba. ar gvxvdeba si- _ -o<br />
konfiqsi. si- _ -e warmoebis erTaderTi SemTxveva dasturdeba (simwyobre).<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> TamaSobebis aRmniSvnel terminebs specifikuri warmoeba<br />
axasiaTebs. mag.: ber-obana (igive berikaoba), Tojin-obana, saxl-obana,<br />
zRapr-obana (`elinTa zRaprobani~), om-obana.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, savsebiT SesaZlebelia Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi<br />
xelovnebis terminTa sawarmoeblad miviCnioT mxolod <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
terminologiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sufiqsebi -obana//obani; -obia.<br />
Teatri xelovnebis erT-erT urTulesi dargia, romelic Tavisi<br />
arsiT sinTezuri xasiaTisaa da moicavs xelovnebis TiTqmis yvela<br />
dargs. amitom masac Tavisi `ena~ gaaCnia, romelic TandaTan mdidrdeba<br />
axali cnebebiTa da terminebiT. `bunebrivia, mecnierebis ena (xelovnebis<br />
enac – i.l.) ar elodeba saerTo enis ganviTarebis stabilursa da myar<br />
kanonebs da igi xSirad terminis Sesaqmnelad sakuTar gzebsa da<br />
saSualebebs iyenebs, Taviseburad epyroba enobriv masalas, anawilebs da<br />
149
zogjer funqciebs ucvlis tradiciul sityvawarmoebas an sityvaTa<br />
mawarmoebel afiqsebs, xelovnurad agebs terminTa modelebs, mTels<br />
sistemebs~ (RambaSiZe 1986, 139).<br />
150
damowmebuli literatura<br />
1. abulaZe, 1960 _ i. abulaZe, Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> leqsikidan, Tb., 1960.<br />
2. andronikaSvili 1966 _ mz. andronikaSvili, narkvevebi iranul-<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> enobrivi urTierTobidan, Tb., 1966.<br />
3. gamsaxurdia 1991 _ z. gamsaxurdia, vefxistyaosnis saxismetyveleba,<br />
Tb., 1991.<br />
4. gamyreliZe da sxv. 2003 _ T. gamyreliZe, z. kiknaZe, n. Sengelaia, i.<br />
Saduri, Teoriuli enaTmecnierebis kursi, Tb., 2003.<br />
5. gurabaniZe _ n. gurabaniZe, mravalsaxeoba Teatrisa, Tb., 1972.<br />
6. danelia 1998 _ k. danelia, narkvevebi <strong>qarTuli</strong> samwerlobo enis<br />
istoriidan, Tb., 1998.<br />
7. erTeliSvili 1970 _ f. erTeliSvili, zmnuri fuZeebis fonematuri<br />
struqturisa da istoriis sakiTxebi qarTulSi, Tb., 1970.<br />
8. erTeliSvili 1980 _ f. erTeliSvili, saxelur fuZeTa fonematuri<br />
struqturisa da istoriis sakiTxebi, Tb., 1980.<br />
9. Tofuria v. 1979 – v. Tofuria, qarTvelur enaTa sityvaTwarmoeba da<br />
xmovanTavsarTovani saxelebi, Sromebi, t. III, Tb., 1979. stalinis<br />
saxelobis Tbilisis sax. universitetis Sromebi XXXI, 1947.<br />
10. Tofuria 1942 – v. Tofuria, mesame tipis vnebiTis warmoeba<br />
qarTulSi, saq. ssr mecn. akademiis moambe, t. III, #9, Tb., 1942.<br />
11. iordaniSvili 1947 _ s. iordaniSvili, samsaxeoba raindisa, s.<br />
iordaniSvilis redaqciiT, Tb., 1947.<br />
12. kakabaZe 1993 _ v. kakabaZe, musikis fenomeni, Tb., 1993.<br />
13. kekeliZe 1956 _ k. kekeliZe, etiudebi Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> literaturis<br />
istoriidan, t I, Tb., 1956.<br />
14. kekeliZe 1981 _ k. kekeliZe, Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> literaturis istoria, t<br />
I, Tb., 1956.<br />
15. kvasxvaZe 2003 _ m. kvasxvaZe, sulxan-saba orbelianis qarTul<br />
leqsikonSi dadasturebuli berZnuli leqsikis semantikuri veli,<br />
Tb., 2003.<br />
151
16. kiknaZe 2001 _ v. kiknaZe, <strong>qarTuli</strong> dramatuli Teatris istoria, Tb.,<br />
2001.<br />
17. kiknaZe 2005 _ i. kiknaZe, me-19 saukunis <strong>qarTuli</strong> dramaturgiis ena,<br />
Tb., 2005.<br />
18. kobaiZe 1997 _ m. kobaiZe, vefxistyaosnis xeva terminisaTvis kr.<br />
etimologiuri Ziebani, Tb., 1997.<br />
19. maWavariani 1959 – g. maWavariani, uniSno vnebiTebi qarTvelur enebSi,<br />
qarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi, I, Tb., 1959.<br />
20. maWavariani g., gamyreliZe T. 1965 – g. maWavariani, T. gamyreliZe,<br />
sonantTa sistema da ablauti qarTvelur enebSi, Tb., 1965.<br />
21. makalaTia 1987 _ s. makalaTia, mTis raWa, Tb., 1987.<br />
22. meliqiSvili 1999 _ d. meliqiSvili, Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> filosofiur-<br />
Teosofiuri terminologiis istoriidan, Tb., 1999.<br />
23. nebieriZe 2003 _ g. nebieriZe, enaTmecnierebis Sesavali, Tb., 2003.<br />
24. ruxaZe 1949 _ tr. ruxaZe, Zveli Teatri da dramaturgia, Tb., 1949.<br />
25. ruxaZe 1999 _ j. ruxaZe, bunebis ZalTa aRorZinebis xalxuri<br />
dResaswauli saqarTveloSi, berikaoba-yeenoba Tb., 1999.<br />
26. sarjvelaZe 1997 _ z. sarjvelaZe, kr. `zurab WumburiZe~, Tb., 1997.<br />
27. siraZe 1975 _ r. siraZe, Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teoriul-literaturuli<br />
azrovnebis sakiTxebi, Tb., 1975.<br />
28. sulaberiZe 2001 _ g. sulaberiZe, Jurn. `mnaTobi~ #9-10, Tb., 2001.<br />
29. tabiZe; 1996 _ m. tabiZe, -oba sufiqsiT nawarmoebi <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
musikaluri terminebi, qarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi, Tb.,<br />
1996.<br />
30. tuskia 2004 _ m. tuskia, saxelTa afiqsuri warmoeba axal<br />
saliteraturo qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi, Tb., 2004.<br />
31. uruSaZe 1982 _ n. uruSaZe, <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris ambavi, Tb., 1982.<br />
32. uruSaZe 1997 _ n. uruSaZe, saxli saTamaSoi, Tb., 1991.<br />
33. uruSaZe 2006 _ n. uruSaZe, uCveulo <strong>Teatraluri</strong> leqsikoni, Tb.,<br />
2006.<br />
34. foCxua 1974 _ b. foCxua, <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikologia, Tb., 1974.<br />
152
35. qavTaraZe 1954 _ iv. qavTaraZe, zmnis ZiriTadi kategoriebis<br />
istoriisaTvis Zvel qarTulSi, Tb., 1954.<br />
36. qse, 1981 _ <strong>qarTuli</strong> sabWoTa enciklopedia, Tb., 1981.<br />
37. RambaSiZe 1986 _ r. RambaSiZe, <strong>qarTuli</strong> samecniero <strong>terminologia</strong> da<br />
misi Sedgenis ZiriTadi principebi, Tb., 1986.<br />
38. SaniZe 1973 _ ak. SaniZe, <strong>qarTuli</strong> gramatikis safuZvlebi, Tb., 1973.<br />
39. SilakaZe 2006 _ m. SilakaZe, tradiciuli samusiko sakravebi da<br />
qarTul-Crdilokavkasiuri eTnokulturuli urTierTobani, Tb., 2006.<br />
40. cxadaZe 1987 _ b. cxadaZe, -oba//-obana//-obia sufiqsebi<br />
saliteraturo qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi, ike, t. XXVI, 1987.<br />
41. WilaZe 1982 _ T. WilaZe, bude merve sarTulze, Tb., 1982.<br />
42. WiraqaZe 1999 _ m. WiraqaZe, terminis zogadlingvisturi Teoria da<br />
arqeologiuri sistematika, avtoreferati, Tb., 1999.<br />
43. WrelaSvili 1999 _ i. WrelaSvili saxviTi xelovnebis<br />
<strong>terminologia</strong> qarTulSi, avtoreferati, Tb., 1999.<br />
44. javaxiSvili 1938 _ iv. javaxiSvili, <strong>qarTuli</strong> musikis istoriis<br />
ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, Tb., 1938.<br />
45. janeliZe 1965 _ d. janeliZe, <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris istoria, Tb., 1965.<br />
46. janeliZe 1983 – d. janeliZe, <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatris istoria, Tb., 1983.<br />
47. janeliZe 1980 _ d. janeliZe, saxioba, Tb., 1980.<br />
48. Бендукидзе 1973 - Н.А. Бендукидзе, Вопросы древней истории, 1973.<br />
49. `Тексты и разыскания по армяно-грузинской филологии, VI, CПБ., 1904, n. maris<br />
gamocema.<br />
50. «Этимология 1979» (Академия наук CCCР институт русского языка),<br />
издательство «Наука»; Москва 1981.<br />
51. «Этимологические исследования по русскому языку. Выпуск ΙX. издательство<br />
«Московского университета» 1981.<br />
52. klimovi 1998 – Georgii A. Klimov, Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian<br />
Languages, Berlin-New York, 1998.<br />
153
wyaroebi<br />
1. abo 1960 _ iovane sabanisZe, wamebaÁ wmidisa da netarisa mowamisa<br />
qristÀsisa haboÁsi, Cveni saunje, <strong>qarTuli</strong> mwerloba oc tomad, I,<br />
Tb., 1960.<br />
2. abulaZe, 1973 _ i. abulaZe, Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikoni, Tb., 1973.<br />
3. aRaiani 1976 _ ed. aRaiani, Tanamedrove somxuri enis ganmartebiTi<br />
leqsikoni, (somxur enaze), erevani, 1976.<br />
4. bagrationi 1853 _ dimitri bagrationi, Sairi, Jur. `ciskari~, 1853,<br />
#1.<br />
5. batoniSvili 1867 _ ioan. batoniSvili, kalmasoba, Jur. `ciskari~<br />
1867, #11.<br />
6. guramiSvili 1980 _ d. guramiSvili, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli<br />
(krebuli Seadgina da Sesavali werili daurTo sargis caiSvilma),<br />
Tb., 1980.<br />
7. damaskeli 1976 – ioane damaskeli, dialeqtika, <strong>qarTuli</strong> Targmanebis<br />
teqsti gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo maia rafavam. Tb.,<br />
1976.<br />
8. did. sjul. k. 1975 _ didi sjulis kanoni. gamosacemad moamzades e.<br />
gabiZaSvilma, e. giunaSvilma, m. dolaqiZem, c. ninuam. Tb., 1975.<br />
9. vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, T. lomourisa da n.<br />
berZeniSvilis redaqciiT, Tb., 1941.<br />
10. vefxistyaosani 1986 _ SoTa rusTaveli, vefxistyaosani, al.<br />
WinWaraulis redaqtorobiT; Tb., 1986.<br />
11. virsalaZe 1958 _ el. virsalaZe, qarTvel mTielTa zepirsityviereba<br />
Tb., 1958.<br />
12. imnaiSvili 1986 _ iv. imnaiSvili, <strong>qarTuli</strong> oTxTavis simfonia-<br />
leqsikoni, Tb., 1986.<br />
13. megreliZe 1980 _ i. megreliZe, mcire <strong>Teatraluri</strong> leqsikoni, Tb.,<br />
1980.<br />
14. neimani 1978 – al. neimani, qarTul sinonimTa leqsikoni, III gamocema<br />
1978.<br />
154
15. orbeliani 1936 _ gr. orbeliani, werilebi 1832-1850, t. I, akaki<br />
gawerelias redaqciiT da SeniSvnebiT, Tb., 1936.<br />
16. orbeliani 1989 _ gr. orbeliani, saRamo gamosalmebisa, dRiurebi,<br />
Tb., 1989.<br />
17. oqropiri 1996 _ wminda ioane oqropiri TargmanebaÁ maTes<br />
saxarebisaÁ, wigni I. (Targmani wm. efTvime mTawmindelisa),<br />
redaqtori m. SaniZe, Tb., 1996.<br />
18. rCeuliSvili 1965 _ gr. rCeuliSvili, Txzulebani, Tb., 1965.<br />
19. saba 1991 _ sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni <strong>qarTuli</strong>, Tb., 1991.<br />
20. sarjvelaZe 1995 – z. sarjvelaZe, Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikoni,<br />
masalebi, Tb., 1995.<br />
21. sarjvelaZe 1997 _ z. sarjvelaZe, Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> ena, Tb., 1997.<br />
22. udabnos mravalTavi 1994 _ udabnos mravalTavi (akaki SaniZisa da<br />
zurab WumburiZis redaqciiT) Tb., 1994.<br />
23. usl. 1964 – ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, Tb., 1964.<br />
24. usl. 1989 – ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, Seadgina mixeil WabaSvilma.<br />
Tb., 1989.<br />
25. ussl. 1999 – ucxo sityvaTa saskolo leqsikoni, Seadgina mixeil<br />
WabaSvilma, Tb., 1999.<br />
26. fenrixi, sarjvelaZe 2000 _ h. fenrixi, z. sarjvelaZe, qarTvelur<br />
enaTa etimologiuri leqsikoni, Tb., 2000.<br />
27. flaviosi 1988 _ ioseb flaviosi, moTxrobani iudaebrivisa<br />
Zuelisityuaobisani (<strong>qarTuli</strong> Targmanis teqsti gamosacemad<br />
moamzada, leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo nino meliqiSvilma), Tb.,<br />
1988.<br />
28. qaZsl. 2005 _ <strong>qarTuli</strong> agiografiuli Zeglebis simfonia leqsikoni,<br />
Tb., 2005.<br />
29. qegl., 1950-1964 – <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, t. I 50; t. V.<br />
1958 (arnold Ciqobavas saerTo redaqciiT).<br />
30. SaraZe 1979 _ g. SaraZe, wignni leqsikonni, Tb., 1979.<br />
31. CubinaSvili 1961 _ n. CubinaSvili, <strong>qarTuli</strong> leqsikoni Tb., 1961.<br />
155
32. CubinaSvili 1984 – d. CubinaSvili, qarTul-rusuli leqsikoni, Tb.,<br />
1984.<br />
33. wereTeli 1990 _ akaki wereTeli, publicisturi da kritikuli<br />
werilebi, tomi IV; Tb., 1990.<br />
34. WavWavaZe 1940 _ al. WavWavaZe, Txzulebani (i. griSaSvilis<br />
redaqciiT, winaTqmiT, SeniSvnebiT da leqsikoniT), Tb., 1940.<br />
35. WavWavaZe 1991 _ ilia WavWavaZe Txzulebani 20 tomad, tomi V. Tb.,<br />
1991.<br />
36. WinWarauli 2005 _ al. WinWarauli, xevsuruli leqsikoni, Tb., 2005.<br />
37. jorjaZe 1986 _ b. jorjaZe, leqsebi, piesebi, moTxrobebi, werilebi,<br />
Tb., 1986.<br />
38. hajievi, alieva 1989 _ v. hajievi, g. alieva, azerbaijanul-<strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
saskolo leqsikoni, Tb., 1989.<br />
39. Даль 1987 _ Вл. Даль, Tолковый словарь живого великорусского языка, М. 1987.<br />
40. Ожегов 1963 – С. И. Ожегов, Словарь русского языка, М., 1963.<br />
41. Толк.слов. 1985 _ Tолковый словарь по искусcтву, 1985 г.<br />
42. Фасмер 1987 – М. Фасмер, Этимологический словарь русского языка, М., 1987.<br />
Semoklebani<br />
1. bzm.: svanuri enis balszemouri dialeqti.<br />
2. bzq.: svanuri enis balsqvemouri dialeqti.<br />
3. did. sj.: didi sjuliskanoni.<br />
4. ike.: iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba.<br />
5. rqdTxt.: rusul-<strong>qarTuli</strong> dramatuli <strong>Teatraluri</strong> xelovnebis<br />
terminebi.<br />
6. qaZsl.: <strong>qarTuli</strong> agiografiuli Zeglebis simfonia-leqsikoni.<br />
7. qegl.: <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni (arnold Ciqobavas<br />
saerTo redaqciiT).<br />
8. qess.: qarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi.<br />
9. qse.: <strong>qarTuli</strong> sabWoTa enciklopedia.<br />
10. Толк.слов.: Tолковый словарь по искусcтву.<br />
156
Teatralur-sanaxaobiTi<br />
xelovnebis mcire leqsikoni<br />
danarTi<br />
Tbilisi<br />
2008
adajo (adajos) _ 1. musikaluri nawarmoebis Sesrulebis neli tempi.<br />
2. aseTi tempiT Sesrulebuli musikaluri nawarmoebi an misi erT-erTi<br />
Sua nawili.<br />
3. neli, lirikuli sabaleto cekva.<br />
administracia (administraciis) _ 1. saxelmwifo an kerZo dawesebulebeb-<br />
is mmarTveli organo. Teatris administracia.<br />
avangardi (avangardis) _ 1 jaris, flotis mowinave razmi. avangardi brZ-<br />
olaSi Caeba.<br />
gadat. raime sazogadoebrivi jgufis mowinave nawili.<br />
avangarduli avangardisTvis damaxasiaTebeli. avangarduli brZolebi.<br />
avanscena (avanscenis) _ 1 scenis nawili, romelic fardis win aris gamo-<br />
weuli. msaxiobi avanscenaze gamovida.<br />
akademizmi (akademizmis) _ 1. mimarTuleba xelovnebaSi, romelic moiTxovs<br />
klasikuri nimuSebis brmad mibaZvas.<br />
akompanementi (akompanementis) _ 1. musika, romelic Tan axlavs solo par-<br />
tias. Cveulebriv, sruldeba sxvadasxva instrumentze. akompanements akeTe-<br />
bs.<br />
akompaniatori (akompaniatoris) _ 1. akompanementis Semsrulebeli (Cveule-<br />
briv, pianisti). repeticiaze akompaniatorma daagviana.<br />
akordi (akordis) _ 1. musikaluri bgerebis harmoniuli JReradoba, rome-<br />
lsac qmnis sami an meti bgeris erTianoba. pianistma sufTa akordi aiRo.<br />
akrobati (akrobatis) _ 1. sportuli da sacirko nomrebis Semsrulebeli.<br />
akrobatika (akrobatikis) _ 1. sportuli da sacirko tanvarjiSis saxeoba,<br />
romelic moicavs erTeul da jgufur varjiSebs: xtomas, wonasworobis<br />
dacvasa da bruns. Cemi megobari akrobatikas swavlobs.<br />
1
akrobatikuli akrobatikasTan dakavSirebuli. akrobatikuli ileTebi.<br />
ali (alis) _ 1. Zveli xalxuri crurwmeniT zRapruli arseba, romelic<br />
lamazi qalis saxiT iyo warmodgenili.<br />
alilo (alilos) _ 1. Sobis wina Rames misalocad kardakar siaruli sa-<br />
Sobao simReris (`alilos~) SesrulebiT. aliloze siaruli.<br />
2 gunduri simRera, romelsac asruleben aliloze siarulis dros.<br />
♦ alilo da xvalao saubr. amasac male vnaxavT!<br />
♦ erTi alilo mRvdelsac SeeSlebao saubr. igivea, rac erTi ali-<br />
luia mRvdelsac SeeSlebao.<br />
alilooba (aliloobis) 1. aliloze siaruli.<br />
alti (altis) _ 1. qalis an bavSvis dabali sasimRero xma.<br />
2. violinoze didi zomis da masze dabali diapazonis mqone oTxsimiani s-<br />
akravi. altis xma.<br />
3. TiTbris Casaberi sakravi.<br />
alCu (alCus) _ 1. saTamaSo koWis zeda, odnav amoRaruli mxare.<br />
gadat. gamarjvebis, warmatebis niSani.<br />
♦ alCuze daujda koWi _ saqme kargad aqvs, bedi swyalobs.<br />
amplua (ampluas) _ 1. saxasiaTo roli, romelsac adamiani irgebs sxvada-<br />
sxva situaciaSi. maswavleblis amplua.<br />
amuri (amuris) _ 1. siyvarulis RmerTi, gamosaxavdnen mSvildisriani, fr-<br />
Tosani ymawvilis saxiT.<br />
gadat. siyvaruli.<br />
amfiTeatri (amfiTeatris) _ 1. TeatrSi - parteris ukan an loJebis Tavze<br />
TandaTan, safexurebrivad amaRlebuli, dasajdomi adgilebi. amfiTeatrSi<br />
davsxediT.<br />
2 Zvel saberZneTsa da romSi Ria, elifsuri formis <strong>Teatraluri</strong> nagebo-<br />
2
a, romelsac hqonda kibe-kibe amaRlebuli dasajdomebi da qviSamoyrili<br />
arena. romis amfiTeatri.<br />
ansambli (ansamblis) _ 1. msaxiobTa, musikosTa koleqtivi. folkloruli<br />
ansambli.<br />
2 mTelis yvela nawilis erToblioba, harmoniuloba. arqiteqtoruli ans-<br />
ambli.<br />
antraqti (antraqtis) _ 1. Sesveneba speqtaklis moqmedebebs an koncertis,<br />
sacirko warmodgenis, ganyofilebebs Soris. antraqti Semdeg davbrundiT<br />
darbazSi.<br />
antrepreniori (antreprenioris) _ 1. saTeatro warmodgenebis, koncerteb-<br />
is momwyobi piri; msaxiobTa dasis damqiravebeli. Teatris antrepreniori<br />
sinon: impresario; prodiuseri.<br />
anturaJi (anturaJis) _ 1. garemo pirobebis erToblioba. saxlis anturaJi.<br />
anSlagi (anSlagis) _ 1. arsebiTi saxeli TeatrSi an kinoSi gamokruli g-<br />
ancxadeba, romelic iuwyeba, rom ama Tu im sanaxaobaze yvela bileTi gay-<br />
idulia.<br />
2. ama Tu im sanaxaobaze sruli daswreba. speqtaklma anSlagiT Caiara.<br />
aplodismenti (aplodismentis) _ 1. misalmebis an mowonebis gamosaxatavad<br />
taSis dakvra.<br />
apoTeozi (apoTeozis) 1. pirovnebis, ambis an raime movlenis gandideba.<br />
2 speqtaklis an sazeimo koncertis bolo masobrivi scena, romelSic Seq-<br />
ebulia xalxi an raime sazogadoebrivi movlena.<br />
aradani (aradanis) 1. `aradani me!~ bavSvTa gundur TamaSSi _ `arCevani me-<br />
s~ sapasuxo wamoZaxili, romelic uflebas aZlevs mis mTqmels iyos mowi-<br />
naaRmdege gundis deda da airCios yoveli meore moTamaSe Tavis gundisa-<br />
Tvis.<br />
3
aria (arias) _ 1. erTxmiani vokaluri nawarmoebi, romelic Cveulebriv sr-<br />
uldeba operaSi, oratoriasa an kantataSi. momReralma aria Seasrula.<br />
arifana (arifanis) _ 1. ramdenime adamianis erTad Sekrebili fuliT qei-<br />
fi, Tavyriloba.<br />
artisti (artistis) _ 1. igivea, rac msaxiobi.<br />
artistuli artistis Tvisebis, artistis xasiaTis. artistuli manerebi.<br />
askinkila (askinkilas) _ 1. sabavSvo TamaSoba, romlis drosac damWeri a-<br />
skinkila darbis.<br />
2 cal fexze xtunviT. askinkila xtunva.<br />
askinkilaoba igivea, rac askinkila (mniS.1).<br />
atraqcioni (atraqcionis) _ 1. masobrivi dasvenebis adgilebSi mowyobili<br />
gasarTobi saSualebebi (saqanelebi, tiri da a. S.). Cvens parkSi axali at-<br />
raqcioni moawyves.<br />
2. raime warmodgenis efeqturi nomeri. sacirko atraqcioni.<br />
atributi (atributis) _ 1. Tviseba, maxasiaTebeli, romelSic ama Tu im sa-<br />
gnis an movlenis arsi vlindeba. saxelmwifos atributi.<br />
2 (gramat.) gansazRvreba, msazRvreli.<br />
atributika atributTa (mniS. 1) erToblioba.<br />
atributuli atributis (mniS. 2) Tviseba. atributuli gansazRvreba.<br />
aqtiori (aqtioris) _ 1. igivea, rac msaxiobi. artisti.<br />
aqtioroba igivea, rac msaxioboba. aqtioruli aqtiorisTvis damaxasiaT-<br />
ebeli. aqtioruli ansambli.<br />
aqcenti (aqcentis) _ 1. Taviseburi warmoTqma, romelic SesaZloa axasiaT-<br />
ebdes aramSobliur enaze molaparakes; ucxo bgerebis an intonaciis une-<br />
buri damaxinjeba.<br />
2 igivea, rac maxvili.<br />
4
3 ritmuli maxvili musikaSi; garkveuli bgeris/akordis gaZliereba, gamo-<br />
yofa.<br />
4 raime azrze, ideaze yuradRebis gamaxvileba.<br />
gadat. yuradRebis gamaxvileba.<br />
aqcentireba _ maxvilis gakeTebiT warmoTqma, gamoTqma.<br />
aqcentuacia (aqcentuaciis) _ 1. ama Tu im enis maxvilTa sistema.<br />
2 metyvelebaSi saTanado adgilas xmis amaRleba.<br />
aRlumi (aRlumis) _ 1. SeiaraRebuli jarebis sazeimo daTvaliereba; para-<br />
di.<br />
bakqanalia (bakqanaliis) _ 1. Zvel saberZneTsa da romSi Rvinisa dros ta-<br />
rebis RmerTis dResaswauli.<br />
gadat. TavaSvebuli, zRvargadasuli dros tareba.<br />
baleti (baletis) _ 1. saTeatro cekvis xelovneba, romelic Sinaarss gad-<br />
moscems cekviT da axlavs musika. balets cekvavs.<br />
2 aseTi warmodgenisTvis Seqmnili musikaluri nawarmoebi. Caikovskis ba-<br />
leti `gedebis tba~.<br />
sabaleto baletisTvis gankuTvnili. sabaleto dasi. sabaleto skola.<br />
bali (balis) _ 1. sacekvao saRamo. mejlisi.<br />
sabalo balisTvis gankuTvnili. sabalo darbazi.<br />
bal-maskaradi (bal-maskaradis) _ 1. sacekvao saRamo niRbebiT. bal-maskar-<br />
adi gaimarTa.<br />
gadat. garToba. bal-maskaradi gamarTes.<br />
bani (banis) _ 1. dabali, boxi xmis <strong>qarTuli</strong> saxelwodeba. `amiran gul-<br />
Si mReroda - ymano, bani miTxariTo!~<br />
gadat. daudasturebs, daeTanxmeba.<br />
♦ bans miscems bans etyvis.<br />
5
anketi (banketis) _ 1. sazeimo wveuleba, romelic imarTeba vinmes pativs-<br />
acemad an raime movlenis aRsaniSnavad. banketi gaimarTa.<br />
sabanketo _ banketisTvis gankuTvnili. sabanketo darbazi; sabanketo kab-<br />
a.<br />
barbaroba (barbarobis) _ 1. saeklesio dResaswauli, - wminda barbaresad-<br />
mi miZRvnili, romelic 17 dekembers aRiniSneba. barbarobas gilocav!<br />
bastibubu (bastibubus) _ 1. didi xmauri. bastibubu gamarTes.<br />
baRdaduri (baRdaduris) _ 1. Zveleburi cekva baRdadiT xelSi. baRdadur-<br />
is mocekvave.<br />
baxusi (baxusis) _ 1. berZnuli miTologiiT Rvinisa da dros tarebis Rme-<br />
rTi.<br />
gadat. Rvino. baxusi miiRo.<br />
nabaxusevi _ naqeifari. nabaxusevi kaci.<br />
bedoba (bedobis) _ 1. weliwadis meore dRe, Cveulebriv, aRiniSneba 2 ianv-<br />
ars. xalxis azriT, rogoric iqneba es dRe, iseTi iqneba mTeli weli. be-<br />
dobis dRe.<br />
benefisi (benefisis) _ 1. warmodgena, romelic imarTeba erT-erTi monawi-<br />
lis pativsacemad. benefisi gaimarTa.<br />
sabenefiso _ benefisisTvis gankuTvnili. sabenefiso gamosvla.<br />
berika (berikas) _ 1. berikaobis monawile.<br />
berikaoba (berikaobis) _ 1. xalxuri sanaxaobiTi warmodgena, romelic im-<br />
arTeboda niRbebiT, didmarxvis dawyebamde erTi kviriT adre (yvelieris<br />
kviraSi). berikaobis niRbebi.<br />
bzoba (bzobis) _ 1. saeklesio dResaswauli - ieso qristes didebiT Sesv-<br />
la ierusalimSi. aRiniSneba aRdgomis wina kviras. am dRes xdeba bzis to-<br />
6
tebis kurTxeva.<br />
bosloba (boslobis) _ 1. Zveli, eTnografiuli rituali, sagangebo wes-Cv-<br />
euleba, romelsac asrulebdnen raWaSi zamTris miwuruls. ritualis dr-<br />
os boselSi Sediodnen da ambobdnen specialur frazas: `bosel-bosel b-<br />
us~!<br />
bohema (bohemis) _ 1. xelovanebi (msaxiobebi, mwerlebi, musikosebi, mxatvr-<br />
ebi), romelTac ar aqvT mudmivi Semosavali. Tbilisuri bohema.<br />
2. aseTi wris cxovreba.<br />
bohemuri _ bohemisTvis damaxasiaTebeli. bohemuri cxovreba.<br />
garToba (garTobis) _ 1. dros tareba, mxiaruleba. garTobas Tavisi dro<br />
aqvs.<br />
gastroli (gastrolis) _ 1. (upiratesad mravlobiTSi) sxva qalaqidan an<br />
qveynidan Camosuli msaxiobis an msaxiobTa koleqtivis gamosvla. gastro-<br />
lebze mivdivar.<br />
sagastrolo gastrolisTvis gankuTvnili. sagastrolo warmodgena; sag-<br />
astrolo speqtakli.<br />
giorgoba (giorgobis) _ 1. wminda giorgis saxelobis dResaswauli. aRini-<br />
Sneba weliwadSi orjer: 23 noembersa da 6 maiss. wels giorgobas wvimda.<br />
2. igivea, rac giorgobisTve.<br />
gundi (gundis) _ 1. adamianTa jgufi. Cemi gundi; prezidentis gundi.<br />
2. dasi, ansambli. momReralTa gundi.<br />
3. sportuli Sejibrebis monawile jgufi; nakrebi. fexburTelTa gundi.<br />
damalobana (damalobanas) _ 1. sabavSvo TamaSoba, romlis drosac erTi b-<br />
avSvi ixuWeba, xolo danarCenebi imalebian. Semdeg TvaldaxuWuli Tvals<br />
gaaxels da danarCenebs eZebs. damalobanas vTamaSobT.<br />
sinon. TvalxuWuna; kukumalobana.<br />
7
danaoba (danaobis) _ 1. sabavSvo TamaSoba, romlis drosac moTamaSeebi s-<br />
xvadasxva wesiT isvrian wverian danas, ise rom miwaSi Caesos. bavSvebi d-<br />
anaobas TamaSoben.<br />
danasobia (danasobiis) _ 1. igivea, rac danaobia.<br />
dasi (dasis) 1. Teatris msaxiobTa koleqtivi. rusTavelis Teatris dasi<br />
sagastrolod miemgzavreba.<br />
2. angelozTa gundi. angelozTa dasi.<br />
3. Zv. zogadad, gundi (mniS. 1.); krebuli (mniS. 2);<br />
4. raime sazogadoebrivi dajgufeba. saxalxo dasi.<br />
das-dasad dasebad, jguf-jgufad. kacebi das-dasad midiodnen.<br />
dasta (dastis) _ 1. qaRaldis an qaRaldis fulis Sekvra. fulis dasta.<br />
gazeTebis dasta.<br />
2 aRmosavluri musikaluri sakravebis damkvrelTa gundi. medudukeTa da-<br />
sta.<br />
3 Zv. dasi (mniS. 3), gundi, jgufi.<br />
dasta-dasta dastebad Sekruli. fuli dasta-dastad moitanes.<br />
debiutanti (debiutantis) _ 1. piri, romelic pirvelad gamodis scenaze<br />
an samoRvaweo asparezze.<br />
debiuti (debiutis) _ 1. msaxiobis pirveli gamosvla scenaze an samoRvawe-<br />
o asparezze. debiuti Sedga.<br />
2. Wadrakis partiis dasawyisi stadia. debiuti gaiTamaSes.<br />
sadebiuto debiutisTvis gankuTvnili. sadebiuto gamosvla.<br />
dogma (dogmis) _ 1. dausabuTebeli debuleba, romelsac ukritikod iReb-<br />
en.<br />
dogmatizmi (dogmatizmis) _ 1. dogmebze damyarebuli azrovneba.<br />
8
doRi (doRis) _ 1. cxenebis Sejibreba mokle da grZel manZilze WenebaSi.<br />
doRSi gamarjvebuli.<br />
drama (dramis) _ 1. literaturuli nawarmoebi ara komediuri Sinaarsis,<br />
romelic dawerilia dialogebad da gankuTvnilia scenaze dasadgmelad.<br />
gadat. cxovrebaSi momxdari mZime SemTxveva, ubedureba, rac zneobriv<br />
tanjvas iwvevs.<br />
dramaturgia (dramaturgiis) _ 1. dramatul nawarmoebTa Seqmnis xelovne-<br />
ba.<br />
2 dramatul nawarmoebTa erToblioba. <strong>qarTuli</strong> dramaturgia.<br />
dramaturgiuli dramaturgiis xasiaTis. dramaturgiuli nawarmoebi.<br />
dubliori (dublioris) _ 1. TeatrSi an kinoSi msaxiobi, romelic cvlis<br />
ama Tu im rolis Semsrulebels.<br />
2. fexburTSi saTadarigo moTamaSe.<br />
dueti (duetis) _ 1. musikaluri nawarmoebi ori xmis an ori sakravisaTv-<br />
is.<br />
2. aseTi nawarmoebis Sesruleba ori piris mier. duetis Semsruleblebi.<br />
dReoba (dReobis) _ 1. vinmes dabadebis dRe. dRes Cemi dReobaa.<br />
2. Zveli ama Tu im religiur warmodgenasTan dakavSirebuli saeklesio d-<br />
Resaswauli.<br />
3. igivea, rac dResaswauli.<br />
dResaswauli (dResaswaulis) _ 1. raime RirSesaniSnavi movlenis sazeimod<br />
aRniSvna. Sobis dResaswauli.<br />
sadResaswaulo _ dResaswaulisTvis gankuTvnili. sadResaswaulo<br />
sufra.<br />
elfi (elfis) _ 1. germanuli da skandinaviuri miTologiiT haerovani ar-<br />
seba, romelic keTiladaa ganwyobili adamianebis mimarT.<br />
9
erosi (erosis) _ 1. siyvarulis RvTaeba Zvel berZnul miTologiaSi.<br />
gadat. Zlieri, vnebiani siyvaruli. erosi Seeyara.<br />
estrada (estradis) _ 1. musikaluri xelovneba, romelic Sedgeba calkeu-<br />
li nomrebisagan. estradis momRerali.<br />
2. amaRlebuli adgili, scena SemsruleblebisTvis, romlebic gamodian m-<br />
ayurebelTa winaSe.<br />
saestrado estradis Janris. saestrado musika.<br />
efemera (efemeris) _ 1. frTosani mweri, romelic Zalian cota xans (er-<br />
Ti an ramdenime dRe) cocxlobs. sinon. efemeridi.<br />
gadat. moCveneba, iluzia.<br />
efemeruli moCvenebiTi. cxovreba efemerulia.<br />
efemeruloba moCvenebiToba.<br />
efemeridi (efemeridis) _ 1. igivea, rac efemera.<br />
eqspresionizmi (eqspresionizmis) _ 1. XIX saukunis mimdinareoba literat-<br />
urasa da xelovnebaSi, romlisTvisac damaxasiTebelia ukiduresi indivi-<br />
dualizmi, subieqtivizmi da formalizmi. eqspresionizmis mimdevrebi.<br />
ant. impresionizmi.<br />
valsi (valsis) _ 1. farTod gavrcelebuli cekva, romelsac wyvilebi as-<br />
ruleben. valsi icekves.<br />
2. musika am cekvisaTvis. valsi daukres.<br />
3. am cekvis ritmis sakoncerto (saorkestro, safortepiano da a. S) nawa-<br />
rmoebi. Sopenis valsebi.<br />
Tagvobana (Tagvobanas) _ 1. igivea, rac kataTagvobana.<br />
Tamaroba (Tamarobis) _ 1. qristianuli religiuri dResaswauli, romelic<br />
miZRvnilia wminda Tamar mefis pativsacemad. aRiniSneba 14 maiss.<br />
10
TamaSi (TamaSis) _ 1. gasarTobi moqmedeba, garToba rameTi. TojiniT Ta-<br />
maSi.<br />
2 Sejibreba sportis zogierT saxeobaSi. kalaTburTis TamaSi.<br />
Teatri (Teatris) _ 1. xelovnebis dargi _ dramatul nawarmoebTa scenaze<br />
warmodgena-gansaxiereba. <strong>qarTuli</strong> Teatri. 2. dawesebuleba, romelic<br />
axorcielebs warmodgenebis dadgmas; aseTi dawesebulebis Senoba.<br />
Teatrmcodneoba (Teatrmcodneobis) _ 1. mecniereba, romelic Seiswavlis<br />
Teatris istoriasa da Teoria. Teatrmcodneobis leqcia.<br />
Tofa (Tofas) _ 1. sabavSvo TamaSobis _ kenWaobis erT-erTi ileTi.<br />
idealizacia (idealizaciis) _ 1. vinmeze an rameze iseTi Tvisebebis miwe-<br />
ra da imaze ukeT warmodgena vidre sinamdvileSia. gmirebis idealizaci-<br />
a.<br />
idealizmi (idealizmis) _ 1. filosofiuri mimdinareoba, romlis mixedvi-<br />
Tac idea, cnobiereba, suli aris pirveladi, xolo materia, buneba, yofie-<br />
reba - meoreuli.sap. materializmi.<br />
2. zneobrivi idealebis erTguleba.<br />
idealisturi idealizmis xasiaTis. idealisturi filosofia.<br />
ileTi (ileTis) _ 1. zogierTi sportuli varjiSis dros an speqtaklSi<br />
calkeuli moZraoba. ileTi gaakeTa.<br />
iluzionizmi (iluzionizmis) _ 1. sacirko xelovnebis saxe, romelic uCv-<br />
enebs mayurebels sagnebisa da adamianebis gaqrobasa da gaCenas.<br />
impresionizmi (impresionizmis) _ 1. mimarTuleba xelovnebaSi me-19<br />
saukunis bolosa da me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi, miznad isaxavda subieqt-<br />
uri gancdebis gadmocemas. impresionizmis mimdevrebi.<br />
impresionistuli _ impresionizmis damaxasiaTebeli. impresionistuli nax-<br />
ati.<br />
11
improvizacia (improvizaciis) _ 1. mxatvruli nawarmoebis (leqsis, simRer-<br />
is da a.S.) saxeldaxelod SeTxzva da winaswari momzadebis gareSe Sesru-<br />
leba.<br />
2. saxeldaxelod Seqmnili an Sesrulebuli mxatvruli nawarmoebi. sao-<br />
cari improvizacia.<br />
improvizaciuli improvizaciis xasiaTis, improvizaciisTvis gankuTvni-<br />
li. leqsis improvizaciuli varianti.<br />
individualizmi (individualizmis) _ 1. pirovnebis interesebis dayeneba s-<br />
azogadoebis interesebze maRla. individualizmiT gamorCeuli.<br />
iubile (iubiles) _ 1. piris an dawesebulebis arsebobis romelime wlis-<br />
Tavi; aseTi TariRis aRsaniSnavi zeimi. iubile gadaixada.<br />
iubilari _ piri an organizacia visi iubilecaa. Cemi megobari dRes iubi-<br />
laria.<br />
saiubileo _ iubilisadmi miZRvnili. saiubileo RonisZieba. saiubileo<br />
saRamo.<br />
iwilo-biwilo (iwilo-biwilos) _ 1. sabavSvo TamaSoba.<br />
gadat. gauTavebeli, mosabezrebeli ram. ar damiwyo iwilo -biwilo.<br />
kariera (karieris) _ 1. profesia, saqmianoba. samsaxiobo kariera.<br />
2. dawinaureba, warmatebis miRweva samsaxurSi an sxva saqmianobaSi.<br />
karnavali (karnavalis) _ 1. sayovelTao zeimi, gamosasvleli samosiTa da<br />
niRbebiT. sruldeba cekvebi, simRerebi da sxva gasarTobi RonisZiebebi.<br />
zogjer ewyoba saxalxo msvleloba. karnavali moewyo.<br />
sakarnavalo _ karnavalisTvis gankuTvnili. sakarnavalo kaba.<br />
kaskadi (kaskadis) _ 1. bunebrivi an xelovnuri CanCqeri, romelic safexu-<br />
rebad gadmoCqebs.<br />
2. akrobatuli ileTi cirkSi, - raime moZraobis imitacia, romelsac asru-<br />
lebs akrobati. akrobatma kaskadi gaakeTa.<br />
12
3. operetaSi swrafi simRera da cekva erTdroulad.<br />
kaskaduri _ kaskadis xasiaTis. kaskaduri CanCqeri.<br />
kataTagvobana (kataTagvobanas) _ 1. sabavSvo TamaSoba - xelixelCakidebu-<br />
li bavSvebi akeTeben wres, erTi bavSvi (kata) gaekideba dasaWerad meore<br />
bavSvs (Tagvs), wris garSemo da SigniT. kataTagvobanas vTamaSob.<br />
gadat. saubr. erTi adamianis mier meoris motyueba Sexvedris Taobaze da-<br />
pirebebiT. kataTagvobanas meTamaSeba.<br />
kenWaoba (kenWaobis) _ 1. sabavSvo TamaSoba, - moTamaSe oTx kenWs Zirs da-<br />
debs da mexuTes maRla aagdebs, romlis daWeramde unda moaswros Zirs<br />
dadebuli kenWebis aReba. kenWebs iReben sxvadasxva xerxiT. gamarjvebuli-<br />
a is, vinc yvela am xerxs bolomde uSecdomod Seasrulebs. bavSvebi kenW-<br />
aobas TamaSoben.<br />
kvanZi (kvanZis) _ 1. Tokis, Zafis da misT. erTmaneTTan gadabmis adgili.<br />
kvanZis Sekvra. naskvi<br />
2. adgili, sadac erTmaneTs uerTdeba ramdenime ram (gzebi, xazebi, boWko-<br />
ebi da a. S.) nervuli kvanZi.<br />
3. literaturi nawarmoebisTvis mTavari ambavi, romlis gaSlas iZleva T-<br />
avad nawarmoebi. kvanZis gaxsna.<br />
kvarteti (kvartetis) _ 1. oTxi wevrisgan Semdgari musikaluri jgufi. si-<br />
mfoniuri kvarteti.<br />
2. musikaluri nawarmoebi, romelic Seqmnilia oTxi xmis an oTxi sakravi-<br />
sTvis.<br />
kvinteti (kvintetis) _ 1. xuTi Semsruleblisgan Semdgari musikaluri jg-<br />
ufi. vokaluri kvinteti.<br />
2. musikaluri nawarmoebi, romelic Seqmnilia xuTi xmis an xuTi sakrav-<br />
isTvis.<br />
kviracxoveli (kviracxovlis) _ 1. aRdgomis Semdgomi kvira dRe.<br />
2. kviracxovlis saxelze agebuli eklesia. kviracxovelSi viyaviT.<br />
13
kviracxovloba (kviracxovlobis) _ 1. arsebiTi saxeli qristianuli rel-<br />
igiuri dResaswauli, romelic aRiniSneba aRdgomis Semdgom kvira dRes.<br />
kviria (kvirias) _ 1. (Zv.) saqarTvelos mTianeTSi gavrcelebuli RvaTaeba,<br />
romelic ganagebda xmeleTs.<br />
kvirikoba (kvirikobis) _ 1. xalxuri dResaswauli, romelic miZRvnili iy-<br />
o ojaxis mfarveli angelozisadmi. imarTeboda ivlisis romelime orSab-<br />
aTs.<br />
kinoseansi (kinoseansis) _ 1 drois monakveTi, romlis ganmavlobaSic kin-<br />
ofilmi gadis.<br />
2 kinofilmis Cveneba. kinoseansi daiwyo.<br />
kinofestivali (kinofestivalis) _ 1. saerTo Tematikis filmebis Cveneba.<br />
dokumenturi filmebis kinofestivali.<br />
2. sxvadasxva qveynebis saukeTeso filmebis Cveneba. berlinis saerTaSor-<br />
iso kinofestivali.<br />
klasicizmi (klasicizmis) _ 1. mimarTuleba xelovnebaSi me-18 s.-Si da me-<br />
19 s.-is dasawyisSi, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia antikuri nimuSebisa-<br />
dmi mibaZva.<br />
komizmi (komizmis) _ 1. sasacilo, komikuri. komizmiT aRsavse nawarmoebe-<br />
bi.<br />
kompozicia (kompoziciis) _ 1. risame Semadgenli nawilebis urTierTganl-<br />
ageba, agebuleba xelovnebaSi. naxatis kompozicia. speqtaklis kompozic<br />
ia.<br />
2. musikalur nawarmoebTa SeTxzvis Teoria.<br />
kompoziciurad _ agebulebis mxriv. nawarmoebi kompoziciurad gamarTul-<br />
ia.<br />
kompoziciuri _ kompoziciis xasiaTis. kompoziciasTan dakavSirebuli. n-<br />
14
awarmoebis kompoziciuri gadawyveta.<br />
sakompozicio _ kompoziciasTan (mniS. 2) dakavSirebuli. sakompozicio k-<br />
lasi.<br />
komponenti (komponentis) 1. Semadgeneli nawili raimesi. speqtaklis<br />
komponenti.<br />
konkursi (konkursis) _ 1. Sejibreba, romelic tardeba saukeTeso monawi-<br />
leebis an saukeTeso namuSevrebis gamovlenis mizniT. literaturuli k-<br />
onkursi.<br />
konkursanti _ is, vinc konkursSi monawileobs. konkursantebma gamosvla<br />
daasrules.<br />
sakonkurso _ konkursisTvis gankuTvnili. sakonkurso ganacxadi.<br />
konservatizmi (konservatizmis) _ 1. tradiciulis, Zveli adaT-wesebis da-<br />
cva.<br />
konservatiuli _ rasac tradiciulis dacva, axlis armiReba axasiTebs.<br />
konservatiuli Sexedulebebi; konservatiuli partia.<br />
koncerti (koncertis) _ 1. musikalur nawarmoebTa sajaro Sesruleba.<br />
saestrado koncerti; jazis koncerti.<br />
2. didi musikaluri nawarmoebi, romelic iqmneba erTi sakravisTvis da<br />
sruldeba orkestrTan erTad. safortepiano koncerti.<br />
sakoncerto _ koncertisTvis gankuTvnili, koncertTan dakavSirebuli.<br />
sakoncerto nomeri; sakoncerto darbazi.<br />
kopala (kopalas) _ 1. Zveli xevsurTa da fSavelTa warmarTuli RvTaeba.<br />
korife (korifes) _ 1. gamoCenili moRvawe raime sazogadoebriv asparezze.<br />
xelovnebis korife.<br />
2. Zvel berZnul tragediaSi gundis xelmZRvaneli.<br />
korkotoba (korkotobis) _ 1. korkotis momzadebis dRe. Sobis winadRe.<br />
15
koWaoba (koWaobis) _ 1. koWis TamaSi. bavSvebi koWaobas TamaSoben.<br />
krimanWuli (krimanWulis) _ 1. gurul mravalxmian simRerebSi Taviseburi<br />
maRali xma.<br />
gadat. eWmakoba, xerxi. krimanWulad laparakobs.<br />
kuzakuzaoba (kuzakuzaobis) _ 1. erTgvari TamaSoba, - erTi daikuzeba, xo-<br />
lo meore mas Tavze gadaaxteba. bavSvebi kuzakuzaobas TamaSoben.<br />
kukumalobana (kukumalobanas) _ 1. igivea, rac damalobana.<br />
kulminacia (kulminaciis) _ 1. udidesi aRmavlobis an udidesi daZabulo-<br />
bis momenti risame ganviTarebaSi. speqtaklis kulminacia.<br />
kulminaciuri _ kulminaciis xasiaTis. kulminaciuri momenti.<br />
kulti (kultis) _ 1. religiuri RvTismsaxureba da masTan dakavSirebuli<br />
wes-Cveulebani. qristianuli kulti.<br />
gadat. vinmes an rames gaRmerTeba, Tayvaniscema. pirovnebis kulti.<br />
♦ kultis msaxuri piri, romelic asrulebs kultTan (mniS. 1) dakavS-<br />
irebul religiur RvTismsaxurebas.<br />
sakulto _ kultTan dakavSirebuli. sakulto rituali. sakulto sakla-<br />
vi.<br />
lakoniuroba (lakoniurobis) _ 1. azris gamoxatva mokled da sxartad.<br />
leqsaoba (leqsaobis) _ 1. igivea, rac Sairoba.<br />
lirizmi (lirizmis) _ 1. lirikuli Sinaarsis nawarmoebi.<br />
magia (magiis) _ 1. jadosnoba, winaswar bedis ganWvreta, jadoqroba; Savi<br />
magia.<br />
magiuri _ jadoqruli. magiuri rituali.<br />
16
maJori (maJoris) _ 1. musikaluri wyoba, _ bgerebi qmnis akords, romlis-<br />
Tvisac damaxasiaTebelia mxiaruli JReradoba. maJori da minori.<br />
ant. minori<br />
maJoruli _ xalisiani, mxiaruli. maJoruli simRera.<br />
mariamoba (mariamobis) _ 1. qristianuli religiuri dResaswauli, - RvTis-<br />
mSoblis miZinebis dRe. aRiniSneba 28 agvistos. mariamobis dResaswauli.<br />
marula (marulis) _ 1. cxenebis Sejibreba did manZilze WenebaSi. marula<br />
gaimarTa.<br />
maskaradi (maskaradis) _ 1. gasarTobi saRamo, romlis monawileebs ukeTi-<br />
aT niRbebi da acviaT sazeimo samosi. maskaradi gaimarTa.<br />
meTodi (meTodis) _ 1. Teoriuli gamokvlevis an raime praqtikuli saqmia-<br />
nobis ganxorcielebis xerxi. stanislavskis meTodi.<br />
meToduri _ meTodTan dakavSirebuli; Tanmimdevruli. meToduri SeniSvne-<br />
bi.<br />
meTodika (meTodikis) _ 1. risame praqtikulad SesrulebisaTvis saWiro<br />
meTodebis, xerxebis erToblioba. kvlevis meTodika.<br />
2. pedagogikis dargi, _ romelic Seiswavlis sxvadasxva sagnis swavlebi-<br />
s meTodebs. <strong>qarTuli</strong>s swavlebis meTodika.<br />
meTodologia (meTodologiis) _ 1. moZRvreba Semecnebis mecnieruli meT-<br />
odebis Sesaxeb. kvlevis meTodologia.<br />
2. calkeul mecnierebaSi gamoyenebuli kvlevis meTodTa erToblioba. ma-<br />
Tematikis meTodologia.<br />
meTodologiuri _ meTodologiasTan dakavSirebuli. meTodologiuri mi-<br />
TiTebebi.<br />
melomania (melomaniis) _ 1. musikis didi siyvaruli.<br />
mejlisi (mejlisis) _ 1. didi wveuleba; didi sacekvao saRamo; bali.<br />
17
samejliso _ sazeimo, mejlisisTvis gankuTvnili. samejliso kaba. samej-<br />
liso cekvebi.<br />
mizanscena (mizanscenis) _ 1. dekoraciisa da msaxiobebis ganlageba warm-<br />
odgenis ama Tu im momentSi. reJisoris mizanscena.<br />
miTologia (miTologiis) _ 1. mecniereba, romelis Seiswavlis miTebs.<br />
2. miTebis erToblioba. <strong>qarTuli</strong> miTologia.<br />
miTologiuri _ miTologiis xasiaTis. miTologiuri zRapari.<br />
minori (minoris) _ 1. musikaluri wyoba, - bgerebi qmnis akords, romlisT-<br />
visac damaxasiaTebelia naRvliani JReradoba. re minori.<br />
ant. maJori.<br />
minoruli _ sevdiani, naRvliani. minoruli simRera.<br />
mirqma (mirqmis) _ 1. qristianuli dResaswauli. aRiniSneba Sobis meormo-<br />
ce dRes.<br />
modeli (modelis) _ 1. raime nakeTobis nimuSi risame dasamzadeblad. Sa-<br />
nelis modeli. qarTveli modeli.<br />
2. raime sagnis Semcirebuli nimuSi an sqema risame. manqanis modeli.<br />
3. piri, romelic dizaineris mier Seqmnil tansacmels an fexsacmels wa-<br />
radgens.<br />
samodelo _ modelisTvis gankuTvnili. modelis dasamzadebeli. samode-<br />
lo saagento.<br />
modernizmi (modernizmis) _ 1. xelovnebis mimdinareoba: impresionizmis,<br />
eqspresionizmisa da konstruqtivizmis saerTo saxelwodeba.<br />
modernistuli _ modernizmis damaxasiaTebeli. modernizmTan dakavSireb-<br />
uli. modernistuli literatura. modernistuli mxatvroba.<br />
movlena (movlenis) _ 1. raime ambavi, SemTxveva. stiqiuri movlenebi. mniSv-<br />
nelovani movlena.<br />
18
momenti (momentis) _ 1. drois Zalian mcire monakveTi. gardacvalebis mo-<br />
menti.<br />
2. raime TvalsazrisiT, dro, roca sruldeba raime moqmedeba. gadamwyveti<br />
momenti.<br />
montaJi (montaJis) _ 1. manqanebis, nagebobebis awyoba, gamarTva. sarecxis<br />
manqanis montaJi.<br />
2. risame sxvadasxva nawilis SerCeva da gamTlianeba erT nawilad. kinof-<br />
ilmis montaJi. gadacemis montaJi.<br />
samontaJo _ montaJisTvis gankuTvnili. montaJTan dakavSirebuli. samont-<br />
aJo saamqro. samontaJo oTaxi. samontaJo masala.<br />
muza (muzis) _ 1. berZnul miTologiaSi: cxra qalRmerTi, romlebic iTv-<br />
lebodnen xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargebis mfarvelebad.<br />
2. poeturi STagonebis wyaro. baraTaSvilis muza.<br />
msaxiobi (msaxiobis) _ 1. xelovnebis nawarmoebis profesiuli<br />
Semsrulebeli scenaze. Teatris msaxiobi. msaxiobis debiuti.<br />
musika (musikis) _ 1. xelovnebis dargi, romelic sinamdviles asaxavs bge-<br />
riTi mxatvruli saxeebiT; amgvari xelovnebis nawarmoebi, aseT nawarmoeb-<br />
Ta erToblioba. klasikuri musika. xalxuri musika.<br />
musikaluri _ musikasTan dakavSirebuli. musikis Tvisebis. musikaluri g-<br />
anaTleba.<br />
samusiko _ musikisTvis gankuTvnili, musikasTan dakavSirebuli. samusiko<br />
saswavlebeli.<br />
musikaTmcodneoba (musikaTmcodneobis) _ 1. xelovnebaTmcodneobis dargi,<br />
romelic Seiswavlis musikis istoriasa da Teorias.<br />
mxatvroba (mxatvrobis) _ 1. xelovnebis dargi; xatvis xelovneba.<br />
2. mxatvris profesia. mxatvrad yofna. mxatvroba Seviswavle.<br />
3. mxatvris Semoqmedeba. firosmanis mxatvroba.<br />
19
nadimi (nadimis) _ 1. didi wveuleba, qeifi. nadimi gaimarTa.<br />
naduri (naduris) _ 1. simRera, romelsac mezoblebi erTmaneTis misaxmare-<br />
blad yanaSi muSaobis dros mRerodnen. naduri wamoiwyes.<br />
naTlisReba (naTlisRebis) _ 1. qristianuli saeklesio dResaswauli, rom-<br />
elic ukavSirdeba qristes naTlobas. am dRes xdeba wylis kurTxeva. aRi-<br />
niSneba 19 ianvars.<br />
nakrebi (nakrebis) _ 1. sxvadasxva nawilisagan Sedgenili ram.<br />
2. sportsmenTa gundi, romelic sxvadasxva gundidan aris SerCeuli. saqa-<br />
rTvelos nakrebi; moWidaveTa nakrebi.<br />
nanina (naninas) _ 1. igivea, rac iavnana.<br />
natura (naturis) _ 1. bunebrivi namdvili garemo; cocxali nimuSi, rome-<br />
lsac xataven, iReben da sxv. naturidan xatva; natura davxate.<br />
2. adamianis xasiaTi, temperamenti. susti natura; Zlieri natura.<br />
naturalizmi (naturalizmis) _ 1. arsebiTi saxeli mimdinareoba xelovne-<br />
baSi (mxatvrobasa da literaturaSi), romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia si-<br />
namdvilis fotografiuli sizustiT gadmocema.<br />
naturalisturi _ naturalizmTan dakavSirebuli. naturalisturi mimarT-<br />
uleba.<br />
naqargi (naqargis) _ 1. qargvis Sedegad Sesrulebuli ram. Tavisi naqargi<br />
maCuqa.<br />
naRvawi (naRvawis) _ 1. moRvaweobiT Seqmnili, SromiT mopovebuli. winapa-<br />
rTa naRvawi; Cemi naRvawi.<br />
2. adamiani, romelmac iSroma, iRvawa. naRvawi kaci; naRvawi qali.<br />
nawili (nawilis) _ 1. mTelis Semadgeneli erTeuli; is, rac mTlian sist-<br />
emaSi Sedis da cal-calke gamoyofac SeiZleba. sxeulis nawilebi; mata-<br />
20
eblis nawilebi.<br />
2. raime nawarmoebis, Txzulebis Semadgeneli erTeuli, - dasrulebuli m-<br />
onakveTi. filmis mesame nawili; wigni sami nawilisagan Sedgeba; pirveli<br />
nawili dRes wavikiTxe.<br />
3. zogierTi dawesebulebis ganyofileba, romelic ama Tu im dargs, sfer-<br />
os ganagebs. administraciuli nawili; samecniero nawili.<br />
4. calkeuli sajariso erTeuli. sazenito nawili; saartilerio nawili;<br />
satanko nawili.<br />
5. upiratesad mravlobiTSi Zveli adamianis Zvlebi, Tma da sxva, romlebs-<br />
ac eklesiaSi inaxavdnen da morwmuneebi Tayvans scemdnen. hqonda sakral-<br />
uri mniSvneloba. wmindanis nawilebi.<br />
♦ mometebuli nawili meti wili, umetesoba. mometebulma nawilma<br />
uari ganacxada.<br />
♦ umetesi nawili meti wili; umetesoba. Sekrebaze xalxis umetesi<br />
nawili movida.<br />
nawilebiani rasac nawilebi (mniS. 5) aqvs.<br />
negativi (negativis) _ 1. gamosaxuleba SuqmgrZnobiare firfitaze an fir-<br />
ze, romelzedac TeTri nawilebi Savadaa aRbeWdili, xolo Savi - TeTra-<br />
d.<br />
neptuni (neptunis) _ 1. mzis sistemis merve planetis saxelwodeba.<br />
2 (Zv.) romauli miTologiiT, zRvaTa RvTaeba.<br />
niRabi (niRbis) _ 1. saxeze asafarebeli naWeri adamianis saxis, cxovelis<br />
Tav-pirisa da misT. gamosaxulebiT. TvalebisTvis specialuri Wrilebi a-<br />
qvs. gamoiyeneba <strong>Teatraluri</strong>, sakarnavalo da ritualuri warmodgenis d-<br />
ros. sakarnavalo niRabi. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> niRabi.<br />
2. saxis dasafaravi, dasacavi niRabi. yaCaRebs niRbebi ekeTaT; mefutkris<br />
niRabi.<br />
3. micvalebulis saxis anabeWdi, romelic keTdeba sikvdilis win, Cveule-<br />
briv TabaSiris.<br />
gadat. moCvenebiTi, namdvil zraxvaTa dasafaravi gamometyveleba: sityva<br />
an qceva.<br />
21
♦ niRabs axdis gamoaaSkaravebs vinmes TvalTmaqcobas an raimes.<br />
♦ niRabs Camoixsnis namdvil zraxvebs gamoaCens, gamoamJRavnebs, gam-<br />
oaaSkaravebs.<br />
niRabafarebuli visac niRabi aqvs afarebuli. oTaxSi niRabafarebuli<br />
kaci Semovarda.<br />
niRabaxdili visac niRabi axades an vinc aixada.<br />
niRbiani visac niRabi ukeTia. niRbiani kaci.<br />
niRbosani igivea, rac niRbiani.<br />
niSani (niSnis) _ 1. sagnis an movlenis damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba, romelic<br />
sxva sagnebis an movlenebisagan ganasxvavebs.<br />
2. upiratesad mravlobiTSi risame momaswavebeli, maCvenebeli. Tayvanicem-<br />
is niSani, pativiscemis niSani; gacivebis niSnebi.<br />
3. xelis, Tavis moZraoba an winaswar daTqmuli raime moqmedeba, riTic am-<br />
cnobeben, miaxvedreben rames, signali. TamaSis dawyebis niSani.<br />
4. sxva saganTagan gamosarCevad Sebmuli an aRniSnuli, aRbeWdili simbo-<br />
lo. Cvens Zroxas niSani aqvs.<br />
5. kvali, daRi, naWrilobevi. loyaze niSani hqonda.<br />
6. sxvadasxva moyvanilobis liTonis patara zomis sagani, romelzedac r-<br />
aime gamosaxulebaa. gamoiyeneba upiratesad mkerdze satareblad. mfrina-<br />
vis niSani.<br />
7. pirobiTi gamosaxuleba, risame simbolo. gamoklebis niSani; sanoto n-<br />
iSnebi.<br />
8. moswavlis codnis Sefasebis pirobiTi gamosaxuleba, sityvieri an cif-<br />
robrivi.<br />
9. igivea, rac mizani (mniS.2) niSanSi amoiRo; niSanSi moartya.<br />
10. beWedi an sxva samkauli sasiZos mier sapatarZlosTvis mirTmeuli, be-<br />
lga.<br />
11. axalgazrda mcenaris pirvelad gamotanili nayofi. vaSlma niSani gam-<br />
oiRo.<br />
♦ niSans aZlevs aniSnebs. mecixovneebma niSani misces.<br />
♦ niSanSi amoiRebs mizanSi amoiRebs, daumiznebs.<br />
♦ niSnad raimes gamosaxatavad, aRsaniSnad, saCveneblad. siyvarulis<br />
niSnad.<br />
22
niSniani _ rasac niSani (mniS. 4) aqvs. niSniani Zroxa.<br />
saniSne _ rac mosaniSnad gamoiyeneba.<br />
saniSnebeli _ niSnis misacemi, sasignalo. saniSnebeli xma.<br />
saniSno _ risame niSnad gankuTvnili. saniSno zari.<br />
niSansveti (niSansvetis) _ 1. (Zv.) sasignalo mowyobiloba: boZi an anZa, r-<br />
omelic dgas rkinigzaze. aqvs moZravi frTebi.<br />
2. mniSvnelovani etapi, momenti raimes ganviTarebaSi. literaturuli ni-<br />
Snasveti.<br />
niSxa-niSxaoba (niSxa-niSxaobis) _ 1. sabavSvo TamaSoba. moTamaSeni gaiyo-<br />
fian or jgufad da xelixelCakidebuli dgebian erTmaneTis pirispir. er-<br />
Ti jgufidan meore jgufs rigrigobiT gasZaxeben: niSxa-niSxa - balbalu-<br />
ka! qali gvinda romeli? dasaxelebuli gamoeyofa jgufs, gamoeqaneba da<br />
Seecdeba cocxali jaWvis gawyvetas, Tu gawyvita iqidan erT-erT wamoiyv-<br />
ans, Tu _ vera, im jgufSi rCeba. TamaSi sruldeba, maSin roca yvela moT-<br />
amaSe erT jgufSi moeqceva.<br />
obieqti (obieqtis) _ 1. Cvens gareSe da Cveni cnobierebisgan damoukideb-<br />
lad arsebuli samyaro.<br />
2. movlena, sagani an piri, viskenacaa mimarTuli moqmedeba an yuradReba.<br />
kvlevis obieqti.<br />
3. raime moqmedebis adgili: sawarmo, dawesebuleba, mSenebloba da sxv. sa-<br />
mSeneblo obieqti.<br />
4 igivea, rac damateba.<br />
obieqtivi (obieqtivis) _ 1. optikuri xelsawyos nawili, romelic erTi an<br />
ramdenime linzisagan Sedgeba da dakvirvebis obieqtisakenaa mimarTuli.<br />
fotoaparatis obieqtivi.<br />
omobana (omobanas) _ 1. sabavSvo TamaSoba. monawileTa ori jgufi erTman-<br />
eTs eomeba, axdenen omis imitacias.<br />
23
optimizmi (optimizmis) _ 1. yvelaferSi dadebiTis danaxva, imedianoba, ka-<br />
rgi ganwyoba. optimizmiT ganvewyve.<br />
optimisturi _ optimizmiT ganmsWvaluli. optimisturi ganwyobileba.<br />
orgia (orgiis) _ 1. zRvargadasuli dros tareba, molxena, qeifi. orgiebi<br />
gamarTa.<br />
2. Zvel saberZneTsa da romSi Rvinisa da mxiarulebis RmerTis - dionise-<br />
sadmi miZRvnili dResaswauli.<br />
orkestri (orkestris) _ 1. musikosTa koleqtivi, romlebic erTad asrul-<br />
eben musikalur nawarmoebebs sxvadasxva sakravze. simfoniuri orkestri.<br />
saorkestro _ orkestrisTvis gankuTvnili. saorkestro nawarmoebi.<br />
pano (panos) _ 1. kedlis an Weris zedapiris nawili, romelsac Semovleb-<br />
uli aqvs ornamenti da moTavsebulia ferweruli an skulpturuli gamos-<br />
axuleba. mTawmindis pano.<br />
2. tiloze gamosaxuli suraTi, romelic mudmivad aris gakruli kedlis<br />
raime nawilze.<br />
panorama (panoramis) _ 1. raime adgilis xedi zemodan. Tbilisis panorama.<br />
panoramuli _ panoramiT aRqmuli (danaxuli, daxatuli an gadaRebuli). p-<br />
anoramuli xedi.<br />
pantomima (pantomimis) _ 1. usityvo <strong>Teatraluri</strong> warmodgena, romlis msax-<br />
iobebi azrebsa da grZnobebs JestebiT, mimikiT da plastikiT gadmoscemen.<br />
pantomimuri _ pantomimis xasiaTis. pantomimuri scenebi TeatrSi.<br />
paradi (paradis) _ 1. igivea, rac aRlumi.<br />
partia (partiis) _ 1. sazogadoebis organizebuli nawili, romelic icavs<br />
mosaxleobis interesebs da xelmZRvanelobs politikur brZolas. nacion-<br />
aluri partia; respublikuri partia.<br />
2. erTi xeli TamaSi (Wadrakisa da misT.). erTi partia mougo.<br />
3. saqonlis (mniS. 3), produqciis garkveuli raodenoba. tansacmlis part-<br />
24
ia; fexsacmlis axali partia.<br />
4. mravalxmiani musikaluri nawarmoebis calkeuli nawili, romelic sru-<br />
ldeba erTi momRerlis an erTi sakravis mier. violinos partia; Celos p-<br />
artia.<br />
patriotizmi (patriotizmis) _ 1. samSoblosa, sakuTari qveynisa daxalxis<br />
siyvaruli, erTguleba. patriotizmis Temaze dawerili leqsebi.<br />
peizaJi (peizaJis) _ 1. raime adgilis saerTo xedi, bunebis suraTi. zamTr-<br />
is peizaJi; zRvis peizaJi.<br />
2. naxati, suraTi, romelzedac bunebaa asaxuli. elene axvledianis peiza-<br />
Jebi.<br />
peizaJuri _ peiJazis xasiaTis. peiJazuri ferwera.<br />
peripetia (peripetiis) _ 1. uecari cvlileba, moulodneli garTuleba vi-<br />
nmes cxovrebaSi, raime situaciaSi da sxva. saarCevno peripetia.<br />
perifrazi (perifrazis) _ 1. gamoTqma, romelic aRweriT, vrclad gadmos-<br />
cems sxvis naTqvams an sityvebs. mag: Tbilisis nacvlad saqarTvelos ded-<br />
aqalaqia gamoyenebuli da misT.<br />
2. romelime musikaluri nawarmoebidan aRebuli Temis damuSaveba.<br />
perspeqtiva (perspeqtivis) _ 1. Soreuli sivrce.<br />
2. sagnebis sididis, formis, mdgomareobis moCvenebiTi cvalebadoba, gamo-<br />
wveuli damkvirveblisagan daSorebiT. sinaTlis perspeqtiva.<br />
3. visime, risame SesaZleblobani momavalSi. swavlis gagrZelebis perspeq-<br />
tiva; biznesis dawyebis perspeqtiva.<br />
perspeqtiviani _ perspeqtivis (mniS. 3) mqone. perspeqtiviani adamiania.<br />
perspeqtiuli _ perspeqtivasTan (mniS. 3) dakavSirebuli. perspeqtiuli ge-<br />
gmebi.<br />
uperspeqtivo _ perspeqtivis (mniS. 3) armqone. uperspeqtivo axalgazrda.<br />
pesimizmi (pesimizmis) _ 1. gulgatexiloba, uimedoba, momavlis rwmenis uq-<br />
onloba.<br />
25
ant. optimizmi<br />
pesimisturi _ pesimizmis xasiaTis, uomedo. pesimisturi azrebi.<br />
poza (pozis) _ 1. adamianis sxeulis esa Tu is mdgomareoba.<br />
pozitivi (pozitivis) _ 1. fotografiasa da kinematografiaSi suraTi, ro-<br />
melzedac gadaRebuli sagnis naTeli da muqi adgilebi sinamdvileSi ars-<br />
ebulis Sesabamisad aris gamosuli.<br />
ant. negativi<br />
2. dadebiTi.<br />
pozicia (poziciis) _ 1. vinmes, raimes mdgomareoba, ganlageba. araTanabar-<br />
i pozicia; mowinave pozicia.<br />
gadat. azri, Tvalsazrisi raime sakiTxSi. Cemi pozicia ucvlelia; Tavi-<br />
si pozicia daicva.<br />
poziciuri _ poziciis xasiaTis; poziciasTan dakavSirebuli. poziciuri<br />
brZolebi.<br />
polifonia (polifoniis) _ 1. ramdenime xmis erTdrouli Sesruleba voka-<br />
lur an instrumentul nawarmoebSi; mravalxmianoba. <strong>qarTuli</strong> polifonia.<br />
polifoniuri _ polifoniis xasiaTis; polifoniasTan dakavSirebuli. qa-<br />
rTuli polifoniuri simRerebi; polifoniuri nawarmoebi.<br />
popuri (popuris) _ 1. musikaluri nawarmoebi, romelic Sedgenilia sxvad-<br />
asxva popularuli nomrebisagan (mniS. 4) operis, operetis, xalxuri simR-<br />
erisa da misT. motivebze.<br />
praqtika (praqtikis) _ 1. adamianTa moqmedeba, romliTac isini zegavlenas<br />
axdenen obieqtur samyaroze da gardaqmnian mas. Teoria da praqtika.<br />
2. Teoriuli codnis gamoyeneba da saqmeSi ganmtkiceba, rogorc saswavlo<br />
procesis Semadgeneli nawili. studenturi paraqtika; praqtikis gavla.<br />
3. gamocdileba, daostateba, daxelovneba raime saqmeSi.<br />
premia (premiis) _ 1. fuladi an nivTieri jildo raime damsaxurebisTvis.<br />
26
saxelmwifo premia mieniWa; literaturuli premia.<br />
2. momsaxure personalis damatebiTi fuladi anazaRaureba sawarmoo nor-<br />
mebis gadaWarbebisTvis. premia gagvizardes.<br />
premirebuli _ premiiT dajildoebuli. premirebulia literaturis dar-<br />
gSi.<br />
premiuli _ premiasTan (mniS. 2) dakavSirebuli. premiuli sistema.<br />
premiera (premieris) _ 1. warmodgenis, filmis pirveli Cveneba. speqtaklis<br />
premiera gaimarTa.<br />
primitivi (primitivis) _ 1. ganuviTarebeli, martivi movlena msgavss Semd-<br />
egdroindel movlenebTn SedarebiT.<br />
2. xelovnebis nawarmoebi, romlis gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebani Sedare-<br />
biT naklebadaa ganviTarebuli.<br />
3. gaubraloebuli; martivi teqnikiT Sesrulebuli, ubralo.<br />
4. mxatvari, romelic xelovnebis nawarmoebSi iyenebs martiv gamomsaxvel-<br />
obiT formebs. primitivi mxatvrebis Semoqmedeba.<br />
problema (problemis) _ 1. rTuli sakiTxi, romelic saWiroebs axsnas, Se-<br />
swavlas, gamokvlevasa da gadaWras.<br />
2. (saubr). Znelad gadasawyveti, Znelad gansaxorcielebeli rame. proble-<br />
ma maqvs; bevri problema damigrovda.<br />
problemuri _ problemis xasiaTis. problemuri sakiTxi.<br />
progresi (progresis) _ 1. winsvla, aRmavloba. qveyanaSi progresi SeimCne-<br />
va.<br />
ant. regresi<br />
progresuli _ progresis xasiaTis; progresis xelis Semwyobi. progresu-<br />
li axalgazrda; progresulad moazrovne.<br />
prodiuseri (prodiuseris) _ 1. pirovneba, romelic akontrolebs filmis,<br />
speqtaklis, tele an radiogadacemis momzadebas. filmis prodiuseri.<br />
proporcia (proporciis) _ 1. garkveuli Sefardeba, Tanafardoba nawilebs<br />
27
Soris. proporcia daculia.<br />
2. ori Sefardebis toloba. ariTmetikuli proporcia.<br />
proporciuli _ erTmaneTTan Tanabrad Sefardebuli nawilebis mqone. pr-<br />
oporciuli samkuTxedi.<br />
profili (profilis) _ 1. adamianis saxe (Tavi) an raime sagani gverdidan.<br />
kargi profili aqvs; suraTi profiliT gadaiRo.<br />
2. mrewvelobaSi, teqnikaSi raime Wrili. xidis profili; gzis profili.<br />
3. raime specialobis, sawarmos, saswavleblis Tavisebureba, saqmianobis m-<br />
imarTuleba. umaRles saswavlebels profili Seucvales; kolejis profi-<br />
li.<br />
publika (publikis) _ 1. (Zv.) damswre sazogadoeba, xalxi, Cveulebriv Tea-<br />
trSi an sxva sanaxaobaze.<br />
2. zogadad, sazogadoeba. publika Seikriba.<br />
Jiuri (Jiuris) _ 1. specialistTa jgufi, romelic aniWebs premiebs raime<br />
konkursze, Sejibrebaze, gamofenaze da sxva saxis RonisZiebebze. Jiuris<br />
wevrebi.<br />
radiomauwyebeloba (radiomauwyebelobis) _ 1. arsebiTi saxeli radiosad-<br />
guris saSualebiT mosaxleobisTvis informaciis, musikis, <strong>Teatraluri</strong><br />
dadgmebis gadacema. radiomauwyeblobis marTva.<br />
rakursi (rakursis) _ 1. fotografiaSi, kinogadaRebaSi operatoruli xer-<br />
xi, _ obieqtis gamosaxva mxedvelobis sxvadasxva wertilidan. sxvadasxva<br />
rakursiT gadaRebuli suraTebi.<br />
2. mxatvrobaSi: figurebis, sagnebis gamosaxva perspeqtivaSi, mayureblisag-<br />
an daSorebuli nawilebis dapataravebiT.<br />
realizmi (realizmis) _ 1. mimarTuleba literaturasa da xelovnebaSi, r-<br />
omelic miznad isaxavs sinamdvilis obieqtur asaxvas. tipobrivi saxeebisa<br />
da tipobriv garemoebaTa daxatva. <strong>qarTuli</strong> realizmi. realizmis mimdeva-<br />
ri.<br />
28
ealisturi _ realizmis damaxasiaTebeli. realizmTan dakavSirebuli. r-<br />
ealisturi suraTi. realisturi nawarmoebi.<br />
registri (registris) _ 1. musikaluri sakravis an momRerlis xmis bgeri-<br />
Ti diapazonis monakveTi. maRali registris bgera. dabali registri.<br />
regresi (regresis) _ 1. ganviTarebis Seferxeba; ukusvla.<br />
ant. progresi.<br />
regresuli _ daqveiTebuli, ukan daxeuli. regresTan dakavSirebuli. reg-<br />
resuli politika.<br />
reveransi (reveransis) _ 1. mowiwebiT Tavis dakvra muxlis odnav Cakecvi-<br />
T. reveransi gaakeTa.<br />
gadat. iron.. pativiscemis gadaWarbebuli gamoxatva.<br />
reviu (revius) _ 1. saestrado an <strong>Teatraluri</strong> warmodgena, romelic Sedg-<br />
eba calkeuli scenebisagan, nomrebisagan.<br />
rezultati (rezultatis) _ 1. raime moqmedebis, saqmianobis Sedegi. dade-<br />
biTi rezultati.<br />
rekordi (rekordis) _ 1. umaRlesi Sedegi, romelic miRweulia sportul<br />
SejibrebaSi an muSaobaSi. msoflio rekordi moxsna.<br />
rekorduli _ saukeTeso, umaRlesi; rekordis damaxasiaTebeli. rekordu-<br />
li mosavali. rekorduli raodenoba.<br />
sarekordo _ igivea, rac rekorduli. sarekordo maCvenebeli.<br />
renesansi (renesansis) _ 1. evropis qveynebSi me-14 -me-16 saukuneebSi, kult-<br />
uruli ganviTarebis periodi, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia mecnierebi-<br />
sa da xelovnebis ayvaveba, aRorZineba. italiuri renesansi. franguli re-<br />
nesansi.<br />
renesansuli _ renesansTan dakavSirebuli. renesansuli mxatvroba.<br />
reproduqcia (reproduqciis) _ 1. sazogadoebrivi warmoebis ganmeorebiTi<br />
29
procesi.<br />
2. sxvadasxva gamosaxulebis (naxatis, suraTis, nabeWdi teqstis) xelaxla<br />
gadaReba da gamravleba fotografiuli an poligrafiuli saSualebiT. f-<br />
irosmanis reproduqcia. miqelanjelos reproduqcia.<br />
3. mexsierebaSi daleqili risame aRdgena, gaxseneba.<br />
4. enis swavlebis meTodikaSi sityvebis, frazebis gameoreba.<br />
reJimi (reJimis) _ 1. saxelmwifo wyobileba, mmarTvelobis wesi. diqtatu-<br />
ruli reJimi. policiuri reJimi. saparlamento reJimi.<br />
2. risame (Sromis, dasvenebis, kvebis da sxv.) mtkiced dadgenili wesi. gan-<br />
awesi. kvebis reJimi. dasvenebis reJimi.<br />
3. risame muSaobis, moqmedebis, arsebobis pirobebi. danadgaris muSaobis<br />
reJimi.<br />
reJisori (reJisoris) _ 1. raime warmodgenis, kinofilmis, radiodadgmis<br />
da misTanaTa samxatvro xelmZRvaneli. mTavari reJisori; reJisoris<br />
asistenti.<br />
resursi (resursis) _ 1. risame (adamianuri, fuladi, teqnikuri da sxv.) ma-<br />
ragi. bunebrivi resursebi. ekonomikuri resursi.<br />
retuSi (retuSis) _ 1. fotografiuli anabeWdis, negativis Sesworeba fan-<br />
qriT, saRebaviT da sxv.<br />
reforma (reformis) _ 1. risame Secvla, gardaqmna. saTeatro reforma.<br />
reformirebuli _ rasac reforma Seexo; risi reformac moxda. reformi-<br />
rebuli sistema.<br />
sareformo _ reformisTvis gankuTvnili. reformasTan dakavSirebuli. sa-<br />
reformo periodi.<br />
rik-tafela (rik-tafelas) _ 1. bavSvebis erTgvari saTamaSo, _ mokle da<br />
grZeli joxebi. Cilika.<br />
2. am joxebiT TamaSi _ riks Sors gadaisvrian, mowinaaRmdege cdilobs h-<br />
aerSive daiWiros.<br />
30
iktafelaoba (riktafelaobis) _ 1. igivea, rac rik-tafela (mniS.2)<br />
rituali (ritualis) _ 1. sarwmunoebrivi xasiaTis wes-CveulebaTa erTob-<br />
lioba. saqorwilo rituali. datirebis rituali.<br />
saritualo _ ritualisTvis gankuTvnili. ritualTan dakavSirebuli. sa-<br />
ritualo wesebi. saritualo darbazi.<br />
rkali (rkalis) _ 1. wrexazis, wris an sxva mrudi xazis nawili.<br />
gadat. garemocva, wre, alya. rkali gaarRvies. rkali Sekres.<br />
robaia (robaiis) _ 1. igivea, rac rubaia.<br />
rokoko (rokokos) _ 1. arqiteqturuli da dekoratiuli stili. warmoiSva<br />
me-18 saukunis safrangeTSi. damaxasiaTebelia daxvewili, rTuli formebi.<br />
roli (rolis) _ 1. piesis an kinofilmis moqmedi piri, romelsac msaxiobi<br />
ganasaxierebs. mTavar rolze daamtkices. rols asrulebs.<br />
2. moqmedi piris sityvieri masala piesaSi. roli kargad daiswavla.<br />
gadat. rameSi monawileobis xasiaTi, mniSvneloba. qveynis roli. mwerlis<br />
roli.<br />
♦ rols asrulebs (TamaSobs) raime mniSvnelobis arseboba, qona. Te-<br />
atri did rols asrulebs sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.<br />
romantizmi (romantizmis) _ 1. me-19 saukunis pirveli meoTxedis literat-<br />
urasa da xelovnebaSi mimarTuleba. damaxasiaTebelia pirovnuli gancdeb-<br />
isa da subieqturi damokidebulebis win wamoweva (awmyoTi ukmayofileba<br />
da warsulis gaidealeba). romantizmis mimdevari.<br />
rubaia (rubaiis) _ 1. filosofiuri an samijnuro xasiaTis oTxstriqonia-<br />
ni leqsi sparsul poeziaSi.<br />
rutina (rutinis) _ 1. siaxlis, cvlilebebis SiSi; Sabloni, uZraoba.<br />
rutinuli _ CamorCenili, dromoWmuli, ucvleli. rutinuli samuSao.<br />
31
sazogadoeba (sazogadoebis) _ 1. garkveul urTierTobaSi myofi adamianeb-<br />
is erToblioba istoriuli ganviTarebis ama Tu im etapze. Sua saukuneeb-<br />
is sazogadoeba.<br />
2. adamianTa gaerTianeba, organizacia, romelic garkveul miznebs isaxavs.<br />
xelovanTa sazogadoeba; <strong>Teatraluri</strong> sazogadoeba; mecnierTa sazogadoe-<br />
ba.<br />
3. adamianTa garkveuli jgufi, wre, _ xalxi. ganaTlebuli sazogadoeba.<br />
qalaqis sazogadoeba.<br />
santimentalizmi (santimentalizmis) _ 1. igivea, rac sentimentalizmi<br />
sarkazmi (sarkazmis) _ 1. mwvave ironia, dacinva.<br />
sarkazmuli _ sarkazmis xasiaTis; ironiuli. sarkazmuli Rimili.<br />
sarkastuli _ igivea, rac sarkazmuli.<br />
saturni (saturnis) _ 1. mzis sistemis meeqvse planeta. aris SedarebiT di-<br />
di.<br />
2. romaul miTologiaSi mosavlianobisa da nayofierebis RmerTi. iTvleb-<br />
oda miwaTmoqmedebis mfarvelad.<br />
saxlobana (saxlobanas) _ 1. sabavSvo TamaSoba. bavSvebi saxlis, ojaxis<br />
situaciebs gaiTamaSeben. saxlobanas vTamaSobT.<br />
seansi (seansis) _ 1. risame Cveneba an Sesruleba drois garkveul monakve-<br />
TSi Seuwyvetlad. dilis seansi. saRamos seansi.<br />
sensacia (sensaciis) 1 movlena, SemTxveva, romelic sazogadoebaSi Zlier<br />
STabeWdilebas, gamoxmaurebas iwvevs. sensacia moxda.<br />
2. Zlieri STabeWdileba, romelic gamowveulia sazogadoebaze raime mov-<br />
lenis zemoqmedebisgan.<br />
sensaciuri _ sensaciis xasiaTis. sensaciasTan dakavSirebuli. sensaciuri<br />
cnoba. sensaciuri gancxadeba.<br />
32
sentimentalizmi (sentimentalizmis) _ 1. me-18 s-is meore naxevarSi liter-<br />
aturuli mimarTuleba. damaxasiaTebelia gansakuTrebuli interesi adami-<br />
anis Sinagani samyarosadmi, bunebisadmi, sinamdvilis idealizacia da gad-<br />
aWarbebuli emociuroba mis gamoxatvaSi. sentimentalizmis mimdevari.<br />
2. gadaWarbebuli mgZnobeloba, gulCviloba.<br />
sentimentaloba _ gadametebuli mgZnobelobis, gulCvilobis gamoxatva.<br />
sentimentaluri _ zedmetad mgZnobiare, gulCvili. sentimentaluri adami-<br />
ani.<br />
silueti (siluetis) _ 1. raimes moxazuloba, danaxuli Sori manZilidan<br />
burusSi an sibneleSi. gamoCnda kacis silueti. mTis silueti.<br />
simbolizmi (simbolizmis) _ 1. me-19 saukunis bolos da me -20 saukunis d-<br />
aswyisSi literaturasa da xelovnebaSi mimarTuleba. mxatvrul xerxad i-<br />
yenebda simbolos, rogorc saganebisa da movlenebis gamoxatvis saSuale-<br />
bas. simbolizmis mimdevrebi.<br />
simbolisturi _ simbolizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli. simbolisturi lite-<br />
ratura. simbolisturi poezia.<br />
simbolika (simbolikas) 1. simboloTa (gerbis, droSis, himnis da misT.) er-<br />
Toblioba. saqarTvelos simbolika. samefo-samTavroebis simbolika.<br />
simbolo (simbolos) 1. raime cnebis pirobiTi niSani. silamazis simbolo.<br />
vardi siyvarulis simboloa. mtredi mSvidobis simboloa.<br />
simetria (simetriis) _ 1. risame nawilebis Tanazomieri, proporciuli ga-<br />
nlageba centris aqeT-iqiT. scenis simetria. figuris simetria.<br />
ant. asimetria.<br />
simfonia (simfoniis) _ 1. didi musikaluri nawarmoebi orkestrisaTvis. Cv-<br />
eulebriv Sedgeba erTamaneTisagan gansaxvavebuli sami an oTxi nawilisa-<br />
gan. mecxre simfonia. Sopenis simfonia.<br />
sinkretizmi (sinkretizmis) _ 1. raime movlenis daunawevrebloba, romel-<br />
33
ic ZiriTadad sawyis etapze gvxvdeba. xelovnebis nawarmoebTa sinkretiz-<br />
mi.<br />
sinkretuli _ sinkretizmis xasiaTis. sinkretizmTan dakavSirebuli. sink-<br />
retuli xelovneba. sinkretuli saxeebiT azrovneba.<br />
sirinozi (sirinozis) _ 1. berZnul miTologiaSi: zRvis meorexarisxovani<br />
qalRmerTi, romelic Tavisi simReriT xiblavda, saxifaTo adgilebSi it-<br />
yuebda da Rupavda mezRvaurebs. gamosaxavdnen qalTevzas an qalisTaviani<br />
frinvelis saxiT. sirinozis simRera.<br />
♦ sirinozis xma momajadoebeli, momxibvleli xma. sirinozis xmiT<br />
galobda.<br />
situacia (situaciis) _ 1. Seqmnili pirobebis erToblioba, garemoeba, md-<br />
gomareoba, viTareba. moulodneli situacia. gamouvali situacia. xelsay-<br />
reli situacia.<br />
siurprizi (siurprizis) _ 1. moulodneli saCuqari. siurprizi gaukeTa. s-<br />
asiamovno siurprizi.<br />
skandali (skandalis) _ 1. samarcxvino SemTxveva. saxelisuflebo skanda-<br />
li. politikuri skandali.<br />
2. areuloba, Cxubi, ayal-mayali. skandali atexa. qmarma skandali gamimar-<br />
Ta.<br />
skandaluri _ skandalis xasiaTis. skandalTan dakavSirebuli. skandalu-<br />
ri SemTxveva. skandaluri ambavi gavige.<br />
skepticizmi (skepticizmis) _ 1. kritikuli damokidebuleba, daeWveba raim-<br />
es sisworeSi an SesaZleblobaSi.<br />
skeptikuri _ daeWveba, undobloba. skeptikuri damokidebuleba. skeptiku-<br />
ri Sexedulebebi.<br />
skulptura (skulpturis) _ 1. igivea, rac qandakeba. mxatvris skulptura.<br />
moqandake axal skulpturaze muSaobs.<br />
skulpturuli _ skulpturis xasiaTis. skulpturuli gamosaxuleba. sku-<br />
34
lpturuli Sedevri.<br />
solo (solos) _ 1. musikaluri nawarmoebi an mTavari partia, romelic g-<br />
ankuTvnilia erTi sakravis, momRerlis an mocekvavisaTvis. solos asrul-<br />
ebs. solos mocekvave.<br />
sonata (sonatis) _ 1. musikaluri nawarmoebi erTi an ori sakravisaTvis.<br />
Sedgeba Cveulebriv sami an oTxi nawilisagan. mocartis sonatebi. Suber-<br />
tis sonatebi.<br />
speqtakli (speqtaklis) _ 1. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> warmodgena. speqtaklis dadgma.<br />
sadebiuto speqtakli.<br />
speqtri (speqtris) _ 1. sxvadasxva feris zoli, romelic miiReba raime si-<br />
naTlis calkeul Semadgenel nawilebad daSlis Sedegad. mzis speqtri.<br />
gadat. mravalferovneba. xelovanTa farTo speqtri.<br />
speqtruli _ speqtris xasiaTis, speqtrTan dakavSirebuli. speqtruli x-<br />
azebi.<br />
statika (statikis) _ 1. meqanikis nawili, romelic Seiswavlis sxeulis w-<br />
onasworobis kanonebs.<br />
gadat. uZraobis mdgomareoba.<br />
ant. dinamika.<br />
stereotipi (stereotipis) _ 1. erTxel miRebuli, gacveTili azri, Sexedu-<br />
lerba, forma, mza nimuSi. stereotipebis msxvreva.<br />
2. liTonis mTliani sabeWdi forma, romelic warmoadgens anawyobis an k-<br />
liSes pirs. iyeneben didtiraJiani gamocemebisaTvis.<br />
stereotipuli _ stereotipis (mniS. 1) xasiaTis. stereotipuli Sexedule-<br />
bebi.<br />
stili (stilis) _ 1. xelovnebaSi _ ama Tu im epoqis, qveynis, mimarTuleb-<br />
is an calkeuli Semoqmedis damaxasiaTebel gamomxatvelobiTxerxTa, saS-<br />
ualebaTa erToblioba. Sua saukuneebis arqiteqturuli stili. barokos<br />
35
stili.<br />
2. ama Tu im mwerlis, literaturuli mimdinareobis, Janris enobrivi Tav-<br />
iseburebani. ilias stili. galaktionis stili.<br />
3. qcevis an moqmedebis Taviseburebebi, manera. Cacmis stili. simReris st-<br />
ili.<br />
4. welTaRricxvis sistema. Zveli stiliT. axali stiliT.<br />
struqtura (struqturis) _ 1. raimes Semadgeneli nawilebis urTierTmima-<br />
rTeba, agebuleba, wyoba, sistema. saxelmwifos struqtura. wignis struqt-<br />
ura. enis struqtura.<br />
struqturuli _ raimes struqturasTan dakavSirebuli. struqturuli cv-<br />
lilebebi. struqturuli reorganizacia.<br />
sqematuroba (sqematurobis) _ 1. raimes sqematuri asaxva, warmodgena. mxat-<br />
vruli nawarmoebis sqematuroba.<br />
sqolastika (sqolastikis) _ 1. Sua saukuneebSi gavrcelebuli filosof-<br />
ia, romelic cdilobda xelovnuri, formaur-logikuri msjelobiT gaema-<br />
rTlebina qristianoba.<br />
2. cxovrebas, realobas mowyvetili, uazro msjeloba.<br />
sqolastikuri sqolastikasTan dakavSirebuli, sqolastikis xasiaTis. sq-<br />
olastikuri literatuta. sqolastikuri msjeloba.<br />
scena (scenis) _ 1. <strong>Teatraluri</strong> warmodgenisaTvis gankuTvnili<br />
amaRlebuli moedani. 2. piesis TiToeuli moqmedebis, aqtis calkeuli<br />
nawili; gamosvla. pirveli moqmedebis finaluri scena. 3. mxatvruli<br />
nawarmoebis (romanis, moTxrobis, kinosuraTis...) calkeuli epizodi. 4.<br />
<strong>Teatraluri</strong> moRvaweoba; Teatri. scenis ostatebi; scenis novatori kote<br />
marjaniSvili~.<br />
taS-fanduri (taS-fanduris) _ 1. taSisa da fanduris dakvra; lxini. taS-<br />
fanduri gamarTes. taS-fanduri dilamde gagrZelda.<br />
tituli (titulis) _ 1. raime sapatio wodebuleba, romelic adamians gad-<br />
36
aecema memkvidreobiT, an aniWeben raime saqmeSi warmatebisa da damsaxure-<br />
bisaTvis. msoflio Cempionis tituli.<br />
2. wignis pirveli gverdi, romelzec moTavsebulia saTauri, avtoris saxe-<br />
li da gvari, gamocemis adgili da weli da sxv. wignis tituli.<br />
satitulo _ titulisTvis (mniS. 2) gankuTvnili. titulTan dakavSirebu-<br />
li. satitulo gverdi.<br />
titulovani _ titulis mqone; saxelovani, gamoCenili, damsaxurebuli.<br />
titulovani sportsmeni. titulovani moWidave.<br />
tituliani _ igivea, rac titulovani.<br />
totemi (totemis) _ 1. zogierTi pirvelyofili xalxis tradiciiT, cxove-<br />
li, iSviaTad mcenare, romelsac Tayvans scemdnen, rogorc tomis winapar-<br />
sa da mfarvels.<br />
totemizmi (totemizmis) _ 1. pirvelyofil sazogadoebaSi religiis form-<br />
a, romlis drosac Tayvans scemdnen totems. warmarTuli totemizmi.<br />
totemisturi _ totemis da totemizmis damaxasiaTebeli. totemistuli c-<br />
xoveli. totemistuli rituali.<br />
tragedia (tragediis) _ 1. dramatuli nawarmoebi, romelSic asaxulia<br />
konfliqti, Zlieri xasiaTebisa da Rrma gancdebis Sejaxeba, rac xSirad<br />
gmiris daRupviT mTavrdeba. (gadat.) saSineli ambavi, ubeduri SemTxveva;<br />
mZime gancda, tanjva.<br />
tragizmi (tragizmis) _ 1. tragikuli elementi dramatul an musikalur n-<br />
awarmoebSi.<br />
2. raimes sabediswero, saSineli, gamouvali mdgomareoba. tragizmiT aRsa-<br />
vse cxovreba.<br />
tradicia (tradiciis) _ 1. istoriulad Camoyalibebuli, Taobidan Tobas<br />
gadacemuli wes-Cveulebebi, adaT-wesebi, yofa-cxovrebis normebi, Sexedu-<br />
lebebi da sxv. winaparTa tradiciebi. tradiciis gagrZeleba.<br />
tradiciuli _ tradiciaze damyarebuli; tradiciad qceuli. tradiciuli<br />
rituali. tradiciuli sufra.<br />
37
trafareti (trafaretis) _ 1. raime warwera, romelic gvawvdis informaci-<br />
as ama Tu im obieqtze an gviCvenebs manZils am obieqtamde. maRaziis tra-<br />
fareti.<br />
2. Txeli firfita, romelSic amoWrilia raime niSani an asoebi. iyeneben<br />
kedlis, firniSis da sxvaTa mosaxatad da warwerebis gasakeTeblad. ideb-<br />
a raimes zedapirze da zevidan saRebavis fena edeba.<br />
gadat. erTxel da samudamod miRebuli, gacveTili forma, mza nimuSi. Sa-<br />
bloni. Stampi.<br />
trafaretuli _ yvelasTvis kargad nacnobi; gacveTili. trafaretuli f-<br />
razebi.<br />
trio (trios) _ 1. sami Semsruleblisgan (momRerlis an musikalur inst-<br />
rumentebze damkvrelisgan) Semdgari ansambli. trios gamosvla.<br />
2. musikaluri nawarmoebi sami sakravis an sami momRerlisaTvis.<br />
triuki (triukis) _ 1. efeqturi ileTi, moZraoba. sasceno triuki. akroba-<br />
tuli triuki.<br />
turi (turis) _ 1. raime Sejibris an konkursis nawili, romelSic TiToe-<br />
uli monawile erTxel gamodis. TamaSis pirveli turi; SesarCevi turi.<br />
turne (turnes) _ 1. mogzauroba wriuli marSrutiT. turnes mowyoba.<br />
2. xelovanTa (msaxiobTa, musikosTa, mocekvaveTa) an sportsmenTa sagastr-<br />
olo mogzauroba garkveuli marSrutiT. suxiSvilebis turne.<br />
tuSi (tuSis) _ 1. mokle musikaluri misalmeba, romelsac ZiriTadad sas-<br />
ule orkestri asrulebs. tuSi daukres.<br />
uvertiura (uvertiuris) _ 1. operis an sxva <strong>Teatraluri</strong> warmodgenis mus-<br />
ikaluri Sesavali.<br />
urCxuli (urCxulis) _ 1. igivea, rac gveleSapi.<br />
gadat. saubr. saSineli,sazareli.<br />
38
uCinmaCini (uCinmaCinis) _ 1. zRapruli arseba, romelsac gauCinareba SeuZ-<br />
lia.<br />
2. is, vinc SeumCnevelia.<br />
♦ uCinmaCinis qudi _ zRaprebSi qudi, romelic adamians SeumCnevels<br />
xdis.<br />
fasoni (fasonis) _ 1. Targi, forma, modeli, romlis mixedviTac keraven<br />
raimes (tansacmels, fexsacmels, CanTebs da a.S.), raime nakeTobis garegnu-<br />
li forma. kabis fasoni. Sarvlis fasoni.<br />
fatalizmi (fatalizmis) _ 1. bedisweris arsebobis gardauvalobis rwme-<br />
na.<br />
fatalisturi _ fatalizmis an fatalistis damaxasiaTebeli.<br />
fataluri _ sabediswero, gardauvali. fataluri Sedegi.<br />
feierverki (feierverkis) _ 1. maSxala, romelsac anTeben dResaswaulebsa<br />
da sanaxaobebze. wiTeli feierverki. ulamazesi feierverki.<br />
feniqsi (feniqsis) _ 1. zRapruli frinveli, Zvel egviptur miTologiaSi,<br />
romelic sikvdilis moaxloebisas iferfleba da Semdeg isev cocxldeba.<br />
feria (feriis) _ 1. zRapruli qali. feriebis dedofali. zRvis feria.<br />
gadat. Zalian lamazi qali. Cemo feriav!<br />
ferwera (ferweris) _ 1. ferebiT, saRebavebiT xatvis xelovneba. <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
ferwera. ferweris nimuSebi.<br />
ferweruli _ ferwerasTan dakavSirebuli. ferweruli tiloebi.<br />
festivali (festivalis) _ 1. xelovnebis ama Tu im dargis moRvaweTa Cven-<br />
eba, daTvaliereba sazeimo viTarebaSi. folkloruli festivali. litera-<br />
turuli festivali.<br />
safestivalo _ festivalisTvis gankuTvnili. safestivalo Cveneba. safes-<br />
tivalo afiSa.<br />
39
fetiSizmi (fetiSizmis) _ 1. usulo sagnebis kulti, romelsac pirvelyo-<br />
fili adamianebi miawerdnen zebunebriv, magiur Zalas.<br />
gadat. raimes gaRmerTeba, Tayvaniscema.<br />
filmi (filmis) _ 1. kinoxelovnebis nawarmoebi, kinoaparatiT gadaRebuli<br />
romelic gankuTvnilia ekranze saCveneblad. ganarCeven sxvadasxva Janris<br />
filmebs. mxatvruli filmi. dokumenturi filmi. kinofilmi<br />
finali (finalis) _ 1. risame daskvniTi nawili. speqtaklis finali. moTx-<br />
robis finali.<br />
2. sportuli Sejibrebis bolo nawili. kalaTburTis finali. Widaobis f-<br />
inali.<br />
safinalo _ finalTan dakavSirebuli. safinalo TamaSi. safinalo turni-<br />
ri. safinalo etapi. safinalo programa.<br />
finaluri _ saboloo, daskvniTi. finaluri Sexvedra kalaTburTSi. fina-<br />
luri epizodi.<br />
fituli (fitulis) _ 1. romelime cxovelis an frinvelis figura, romel-<br />
ic gakeTebulia Sesabamisi cxovelis tyavisagan da Catenilia naxerxi, ba-<br />
mba, matyli da misT. mglis fituli. jixvis fituli.<br />
2. adamianis figura, romelic gakeTebulia sxvadasxva masalisagan (qaRal-<br />
di, muyao, xe da a. S.). gamoiyeneba mitingebze, aqciebsa da manifestaciebze<br />
protestis niSnad. momitingeebma prezidentis fituli dawves.<br />
flegmatizmi (flegmatizmis) _ 1. gulgriloba, usicocxloba, auRelvebl-<br />
oba.<br />
flegmaturi _ usicocxlo, gulgrili, dune. flegmaturi adamiani.<br />
fokusi (fokusis) _ 1. gardatexili an areklili sxivebis gadakveTis wer-<br />
tili.<br />
2. wertili, romelSic fotogadaRebis dros sagani maqsimalurad garkve-<br />
ul, mkveTr gamosaxulebas iZleva. fokusi daiWira.<br />
gadat. raimes centri, Suaguli.<br />
40
fokusi (fokusis) _ 1. moxerxebuli ileTi, triuki, romelic moCvenebiTi<br />
zebunebriobiT, xelis simardiTa da moqnilobiT Tvals atyuebs da mayur-<br />
eblis gaocebas iwvevs. fokusis Cveneba. axali fokusebi.<br />
gadat. (saubr). xriki, fandi, oini. es ra fokusi gaakeTa!<br />
folklori (folkloris) _ 1. xalxuri zepiri Semoqmedeba. folkloris<br />
nimuSebi. <strong>qarTuli</strong> folklori.<br />
folkloruli _ folklorTan dakavSirebuli. folkloris xasiaTis. fo-<br />
lkloruli ansambli. folkloruli saRamo.<br />
formalizmi (formalizmis) _ 1. garegnuli formis dacva saqmis mniSvnel-<br />
ovani nawilissazianod; formaluri damokidebuleba raimesadmi.<br />
2. xelovnebasa da literaturaTmcodneobaSi mimarTuleba, romelic mxo-<br />
lod formas aniWebs did mniSvnelobas.<br />
formalisturi _ formalizmis xasiaTis. formalizmTan dakavSirebuli.<br />
formalisturi literatura. formalisturi damokidebuleba.<br />
fotosuraTi (fotosuraTis) _ 1. fotografiuli suraTi. Cemi fotosura-<br />
Ti. Zveli fotosuraTi.<br />
fotoxelovneba (fotoxelovnebis) _ 1. xelovnebis mimarTuleba, fotos g-<br />
adaRebis, Seqmnis da a. S. xelovneba. fotoxelovnebis gamofena. fotoxel-<br />
ovnebis nimuSebi.<br />
freska (freskis) _ 1. wylis saRebavebiT Sesrulebuli mxatvroba axlad<br />
Selesil, svel kedelze an Werze. Tamaris freska. RvTismSoblis freska.<br />
dazianebuli freska.<br />
freskuli _ freskis xasiaTis. freskuli mxatvroba.<br />
fundruki (fundrukis) _ 1. xtunva, TamaSi, kuntruSi.<br />
futurizmi (futurizmis) _ 1. me-20-e saukunis literaturasa da xelovneb-<br />
aSi mimdinareoba, romelic uaryofda realizms, tradiciul xelovnebas<br />
41
da cdilobda Seeqmna axali Tanamedrove stili. futurizmis mimdevrebi.<br />
futuristuli _ futuristuli xasiaTis. futuristuli literatura. fu-<br />
turistuli mxatvroba.<br />
qalTevza (qalTevzas) _ 1. miTiuri arseba, romelic binadrobs wyalSi.<br />
aqvs qalis Tavi da Tevzis tani; sirinozi.<br />
qalRmerTi (qalRmerTis) _ 1. antikuri an warmarTuli drois mdedrobiTi<br />
sqesis RmerTi. nadirobis qalRmerTi; sibrZnis qalRmerTi.<br />
2. lamazi qalis epiTeti. is gogo namdvili qalRmerTi aris.<br />
qandakeba (qandakebis) _ 1. xelovnebis nawarmoebi, - figura, romelic Tix-<br />
is da misT. masalisagan aris gamoZerwili, qvisgan an xisgan gamoTlili<br />
an liTonisgan Camosxmuli. marmarilos qandakeba; daviT aRmaSeneblis q-<br />
andakeba. skulptura.<br />
qerubimi (qerubimis) _ 1. qristianul religiaSi, angelozTa dasis umaRl-<br />
es safexurze myofi angelozi. freskaze gamosaxulia qerubimi.<br />
qimera (qimeris) _ 1. berZnuli miTologiiT, cecxlismfrqveveli, lomisTa-<br />
viani, Txistaniani da gveliskudiani urCxuli.<br />
gadat. ganuxorcielebeli, SeuZlebeli ram; fantazia.<br />
qimeruli _ moCvenebiTi, gamogonili.<br />
qmnileba (qmnilebis) _ 1. sulieri arseba. susti qmnileba.<br />
2. vinmes an raimes Seqmnili. mxatvruli qmnileba.<br />
qoreografia (qoreografiis) _ 1. cekvis, sabaleto speqtaklebis dadgmis<br />
xelovneba. <strong>qarTuli</strong> qoreografia.<br />
qoreografiuli _ qoreografiasTan dakavSirebuli. qoreografiuli sas-<br />
wavlebeli.<br />
qorobana (qorobanas) _ 1. sabavSvo TamaSoba, _ romelSic erTi bavSvi `q-<br />
oria~, erTi - `kruxi~, xolo danarCenebi _ `wiwilebi~. bavSvebi qoroban-<br />
42
as TamaSoben.<br />
qristeSoba (qristeSobis) _ 1 igivea, rac Soba.<br />
RirsSesaniSnaoba (RirsSesaniSnaobis) _ 1. situacia an sanaxaoba, romel-<br />
ic yuradRebis miqcevis Rirsia, yuradRebas iqcevs.<br />
2. adgili, nageboba an raime sagani da sxva, romelic Tavisi TvisebiT, Ri-<br />
rsebiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa. arqiteqtoruli RirsSesaniSnao-<br />
ba.<br />
RonisZieba (RonisZiebis) _ 1. organizebul moqmedebaTa erToblioba, rom-<br />
lis mizania raimes ganxorcieleba. saaxalwlo RonisZiebebi. sportuli<br />
RonisZiebebi.<br />
2. Rone, saSualeba, saxsari.<br />
Rreoba (Rreobis) _ 1. zRvargadasuli qeifi, dros tareba. gaimarTa Rreo-<br />
ba. nadimi.<br />
Rrianceli (Rriancelis) _ 1. erTad Sekrebili adaminebis erTdroulad<br />
laparaki, didi xmauri da aurzauri. ra Rrianceli aris? Rrianceli aty-<br />
da.<br />
yvelieri (yvelieris) _ 1. didmarxvis wina kvira. am dros xorceuli ar i-<br />
Wmeba. yvelieris xuTSabaTi.<br />
Sabloni (Sablonis) _ 1. nimuSi, romlis mixedviTac akeTeben erTgvarovan<br />
nakeTobebs. Targi.<br />
gadat. sayovelTaod cnobili, gacveTili nimuSi, romelsac brmad, gauaz-<br />
reblad misdeven.<br />
Sablonuri yvelasTvis kargad nacnobi, trafaretuli, gacveTili. Sab-<br />
lonuri leqsebi.<br />
Soba (Sobis) _ 1. dabadeba, gaCena.<br />
2. qristianuli religiuri dResaswauli, _ qristes dabadeba. marTmadide-<br />
43
luri samyaro aRniSnavs 7 ianvars, xolo kaTolikebi _ 25 dekembers.<br />
♦ saSobaod Sobis dResaswaulisTvis. tkbileuli saSobaod viyide.<br />
♦ Sobis xe (Zv.) naZvis xe, romelsac bavSvebisTvis saSobaod rTavdnen<br />
xolme.<br />
saSobao SobisTvis (mniS. 2) gankuTvnili. SobasTan (mniS. 2) dakavSire-<br />
buli. saSobao naZvis xe.<br />
Soba-axalweliwadi (Soba-axalweliwadis) _ 1. Soba (mniS. 2) da axali we-<br />
li.<br />
Stampi (Stampis) _ 1. beWedi dawesebulebis, organizaciis saxelwodebiT;<br />
ismeva saqmian qaRaldebze.<br />
2. liTonis yalibi, romelic gamoiyeneba raime detalebis an sagnebis mos-<br />
aWrelad.<br />
gadat. yvelasTvis nacnobi, gacveTili, trafaretuli.<br />
CarCo (CarCos) _ 1. myari masalisgan (xis an liTonisgan) damzadebuli o-<br />
Txi kuTxis mqone an sxva formis sagani, romelSic minas, suraTs da misT.<br />
aTavseben. naxatis CarCo. CarCos zoma.<br />
2. skis nawili, - xisgan Sekruli oTxkuTxedi, romelSic futkrebi fiWas<br />
amoaSeneben.<br />
3. saTvalis ConCxi, romelSic Casmulia an unda Caisvas minebi.<br />
Cikori (Cikoris) _ 1. qvis an xis saTamaSo samizne, romelsac brtyel riy-<br />
is qvas esvrian.<br />
2. igivea, rac bzriala.<br />
♦ CikoriviT trialebs Zalian moZravia, aqtiuria.<br />
Cikoraoba Cikoris (mniS. 1) TamaSi.<br />
CuqurTma (CuqurTmis) _ 1. mxatvruli gaformeba, romelic Sedgeba geomet-<br />
riuli figurebis, cxovelTa an mcenareTa gamosaxulebebisagan. aformeb-<br />
dnen sxvadasxva sagans an arqiteqturul Zegls. taZris CuqurTma. ornamen-<br />
ti.<br />
CuqurTmiani _ upiratesad mravlobiTSi CuqurTmiT Semkuli. CuqurTmiT g-<br />
44
aformebuli. CuqurTmebiani eklesia,<br />
CuqurTmovani _ igivea, rac CuqurTmiani.<br />
ceremonia (ceremoniis) _ 1. raime aqtis, RonisZiebis, zeimis Sesrulebis<br />
wesi. sazeimo ceremonia. dajildoebis ceremonia.<br />
ceremoniuli _ ceremoniis xasiaTis. ceremoniuli misalmeba.<br />
ceremoniali (ceremonialis) _ 1. ceremoniis Catarebis oficialurad miR-<br />
ebuli wesi. inauguraciis ceremoniali. sadResaswaulo ceremoniali. ri-<br />
tuali<br />
cinizmi (cinizmis) _ 1. agdebuli damokidebuleba zneobrivi normebis an<br />
iseTi ramisadmi, rac sayovelTao pativiscemiT sargeblobs; Tavxeduri g-<br />
ulaxdiloba.<br />
wveuleba (wveulebis) _ 1. sagangebod dapatiJebuli xalxisaTvis mowyobi-<br />
li dros tareba. grandiozuli wveuleba. wveulebis monawileni. nadimi.<br />
wre (wris) _ 1. sibrtyis nawili, romelic Semofarglulia wrewiriT. wre<br />
da kubi.<br />
2. igivea, rac wrewiri. wris farTobi. wris sigrZe.<br />
3. erTmaneTis gverdiT mdgari an damsxdari adamianebis mier mrgvlad Sem-<br />
osazRvruli adgili. (adgili, romelic Semofarglulia adamianebis an r-<br />
aime sagnebis rigiT). falavani wreSi Sevida.<br />
4. rkali, alya. moedans wre davartyiT.<br />
5. Sejibrebis nawili, romlis drosac mopirispireebi erTmaneTs TiToje-<br />
r xvdebian. TamaSis meore wre. Sexvedris meore wre.<br />
gadat. saerTo mdgomareobis, interesebis mqone adamianTa jgufi; garemo,<br />
sazogadoeba. politikosTa wre. biznesmenTa wreSi. kriminalur wreSi tr-<br />
ialebs.<br />
♦ wres gaakeTebs wres gaakeTebs an wres Semouvlis. monawileebma<br />
wre gaakeTes.<br />
♦ wres gadadis zomierebis farglebs gascdeba. zedmets gaakeTebs.<br />
gadaaWarbebs.<br />
45
♦ wres daartyams saubr. wres gaakeTebs. moWidavem wre daartya.<br />
wyoba (wyobis) _ 1. aSeneba, ageba. bavSvi saTamaSo saxls awyobs. axal geg-<br />
mebs vawyob.<br />
2. Senobis, kedlis amoyvana raime masaliT. nagebobis wyoba. Teatris arqi-<br />
teqturuli wyoba.<br />
3. ganlageba raime Semadgenlobis (razmis, jaris...) armiis samxedro wyoba.<br />
winadadebaSi sityvebis wyoba.<br />
4. igivea, rac wyobileba. gvarovnuli wyoba. burJuaziuli wyoba.<br />
wyoba-wyobad jgufad, gundad, fenebad. studentebi wyoba-wyobad mividnen<br />
aqciaze.<br />
wyobiT mwyobrad, dawyobilad.<br />
Weduroba (Wedurobis) _ 1. liTonze Wedvis xelovneba. <strong>qarTuli</strong> Wedurob-<br />
is nimuSebi.<br />
Wiakokonoba (Wiakokonobis) _ 1. (Zv.) rituali, romelic imarTeboda aRdg-<br />
omis kviraSi, oTxSabaTs RamiT. monawileni kudianebis gansadevnad anTeb-<br />
dnen kocons da axtebodnen.<br />
xati (xatis) _ 1. RvTaebis an wmindanis mxatvruli gamosaxuleba, romels-<br />
ac morwmuneebi Tayvans scemen. RvTismSoblis xati. macxovris xati.<br />
2. saqarTvelos mTianeTis (xevsureTSi, fSavSi, xevSi, TuSeTSi da sxv.) wa-<br />
rmarTuli RvTaeba, romelic mfarvelobs mTels xevs, Tems an gvars. laS-<br />
aris xatma daglocoT!<br />
3. adgili, sadac RvTaebis salocavad imarTeba dReoba. qalebi xatSi ver<br />
Sevidnen. xevisberma xatSi droSebi akurTxa.<br />
4. Zveli saxe, gamosaxuleba.<br />
xatoba Zveli xatis dReoba, xatis dResaswauli mTaSi. xatobaSi uamravi<br />
adamiani Seikriba.<br />
♦ xatSi xatis (mniS. 2) dReobaze. xatSi qalebs akrZaluli aqvT Ses-<br />
vla.<br />
xatwera (xatweris) _ 1. religiuri ferweris dargi _ xatebis wera, daxa-<br />
46
tva. <strong>qarTuli</strong> xatwera. Suasaukuneebis xatweris nimuSebi.<br />
xatmweri _ piri, romelic xatebs wers. axalgazrda xatmweri. saxelovani<br />
xatmweri.<br />
xeloba (xelobis) _ 1. iseTi saqmianoba, romelic daostatebas, xelis gaw-<br />
afvas moiTxovs. xeloba iswavla. Tavisi xelobiT arCens ojaxs.<br />
2. nakeToba, nawarmi. minanqris xeloba. Tixis xeloba.<br />
3. Zveli Tanamdeboba. amirbaris xeloba uboZes.<br />
xelovneba (xelovnebis) _ 1. mxatvruli Semoqmedeba, romelic moicavs: li-<br />
teraturas, musikas, mxatvrobas, Teatrsa da kinos. <strong>qarTuli</strong> xelovneba. x-<br />
elovnebis moRvaweTa kavSiri.<br />
2. raime profesiis kargad codna, ostatoba. xelovnebiT Seqmnili tilo.<br />
xelovnebiT gakeTebuli CuqurTmebi.<br />
3. raime saqmianobaSi, sferoSi saWiro xerxebisa da meTodebis erToblio-<br />
ba. samsaxiobo xelovneba. brZolis xelovneba. diplomatiis xelovneba.<br />
xelovnebaTmcodneoba (xelovnebaTmcodneobis) _ 1. mecniereba, romelic<br />
Seiswavlis xelovnebis istorias da Teorias. xelovnebaTmcodneobis kur-<br />
si. xelovnebaTmcodneobis leqcia.<br />
xelovnebaTmcodne (xelovnebaTmcodnis) _ 1. xelovnebis istoriis da<br />
Teoriis specialisti.<br />
jazi (jazis) _ 1. musikis stili, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia cocxa-<br />
li, improvizebuli Sesruleba. warmoiSva mecxramete saukunis bolos<br />
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, afrikuli da evropuli musikis sinTezis<br />
gziT. jazis Semsrulebeli. amerikuli jazi.<br />
2. am stilis musikis SemsrulebelTa orkestri, romelic upiratesad Sed-<br />
geba sasule, dasartymeli da xmaura sakravebisagan.<br />
jgufi (jgufis) _ 1. ramdenime erTmaneTTan axlos myofi vinme an rame; g-<br />
undi. momlocvelTa jgufi. mayurebelTa jgufi.<br />
2. adamianTa erToblioba, garkveuli niSnis mixedviT (mdgomareobiT, saqm-<br />
47
ianobiT) gamoyofili. studentTa jgufi. moswavleTa jgufi. profesorTa<br />
jgufi.<br />
3. klasifikaciis Sedegad gamoyofili adamianebis, sagnebis, movlenebis,<br />
cnebebi erToblioba. meore jgufis invalidi. mesame jgufis sisxli. jg-<br />
ufad jgufis saxiT, gundad. bavSvebi jgufad movidnen.<br />
jgufebad jgufebis saxiT, jguf-jgufad. moswavleebi mcire jgufebad<br />
dalagdenen.<br />
jgufuri raSic jgufi iRebs monawileobas, jgufebis mixedviT warmoebu-<br />
li. jgufuri mecadineoba.<br />
jguf-jgufad cal-calke gundebad, jgufebad. monawileni jguf-jgufad<br />
ganlagdnen.<br />
jildo (jildos) _ 1. sapatio saCuqari (wodeba, fuladi premia da a. S.)<br />
vinmes damsaxurebis, Rvawlis aRsaniSnavad. jildoebis miReba. jildos<br />
gadacema.<br />
jiriTi (jiriTis) _ 1. cxenis Weneba. Sejibri jiriTSi.<br />
jiriT-jiriTiT jiriTiT, WenebiT. cxeni jiriT-jiriTiT midioda.<br />
honorari (honoraris) _ 1. fuladi gasamrjelo, romelsac aZleven xelSe-<br />
krulebis safuZvelze gonebrivad momuSave (literatorebs, mxatvrebs, mu-<br />
sikosebs da misT.) adamianebs. pirveli honorari. honorari aviRe.<br />
humanizmi (humanizmis) _ 1. adamianTa siyvaruli, kacTmoyvareoba.<br />
humanuri _ adamianuri, saTno, kacTmoyvare. humanuri nabiji gadadga. hum-<br />
anuri damokidebuleba.<br />
humanuroba _ humanuris Tviseba. humanuroba gamoiCina.<br />
48