rusudan mirzikaSvili levan asabaSvili
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istoriebi<br />

<strong>rusudan</strong> <strong>mirzikaSvili</strong><br />

<strong>levan</strong> <strong>asabaSvili</strong><br />

nino lomaZe<br />

brZola TavisuflebisTvis<br />

brZola TavisuflebisTvis<br />

nino jafiaSvili<br />

interviuebi<br />

arseni roginski, rusuli `memoriali~<br />

nino beqiSvili<br />

jeimz qarTeri<br />

kaxa Tolordava<br />

analizi<br />

qarTuli kinoindustriis kinoindustriis problemebi<br />

nino ZanZava<br />

isaqarTvelo<br />

saqarTvelo<br />

jvarcma<br />

paata qurdaZe<br />

esei<br />

neoliberalizmis kritika<br />

irakli kakabaZe<br />

specproeqti<br />

sazRvrebi<br />

Tebervali 2010 #57<br />

fasi 5 lari<br />

saavtoro<br />

rafika<br />

<strong>levan</strong> berZeniSvili<br />

dokumenturi proza<br />

sxvebis qveyana<br />

sandro naveriani<br />

literatura<br />

osip mandelStami<br />

erekle deisaZe<br />

olesia TavaZe<br />

nugzar zazanaSvili

garekanze: <strong>rusudan</strong> <strong>mirzikaSvili</strong>, <strong>levan</strong> <strong>asabaSvili</strong><br />

foto: daviT mesxi<br />

mTavari redaqtori:<br />

nino lomaZe<br />

aRmasrulebeli redaqtorebi:<br />

nino jafiaSvili, salome<br />

kikaleiSvili<br />

art-redaqtori: giorgi nadiraZe<br />

redaqtor-stilisti: nino svaniZe<br />

koreqtori: nino saiTiZe<br />

nomerze muSaobdnen: daviT buxrikiZe,<br />

ana korZaia-samadaSvili, kaxa<br />

Tolordava, daviT CixlaZe, <strong>levan</strong><br />

berZeniSvili, sandro naveriani,<br />

salome kikaleiSvili, nino<br />

jafiaSvili, nino ZanZava, irakli<br />

kakabaZe, klaudia ruSi, giorgi<br />

gvaxaria, daviT makariZe, SoTa<br />

gagarini, gigi guledani<br />

foto: daviT mesxi, <strong>levan</strong> xerxeuliZe,<br />

qeTo caava, marika qoCiaSvili<br />

ilustracia: mariam zaldastaniSvili,<br />

maia sumbaZe<br />

dizaini: Tornike lorTqifaniZe<br />

sazogadoebasTan urTierToba:<br />

lela SubiTiZe<br />

sareklamo gayidvebi: Salva CubiniZe<br />

distribucia: zviad Sengelia<br />

gamomcemeli: Sorena SaverdaSvili<br />

gamomcemloba:<br />

Sps `em fabliSingi~, Tbilisi 0105,<br />

faliaSvilis q. 108, tel.: 912326<br />

el-fosta: mpublishing@caucasus.net<br />

sxva gamocemebi: liberali, biznesiadamianebi,<br />

meTodebi, strategiebi,<br />

dialogi, Tibisi da Tibiselebi.<br />

stamba: Sps `sezani~, Tbilisi,<br />

wereTlis gamz. 140, tel.: 357002<br />

Jurnali gamodis 2004 wlis 25 dekembridan<br />

© “M Publishing” saavtoro uflebebi<br />

daculia. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli<br />

masalebis nawilobrivi an mTliani<br />

gamoyeneba gamomcemlobis nebarTvis<br />

gareSe akrZalulia.<br />

4 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

6 redaqtoris werili<br />

8 Cveni avtorebi<br />

N57, Tebervali 2010<br />

mimoxilvebi 10 ubraloebis ZiebaSi kibernetikulsa da meqanikurs<br />

Soris daviT CixlaZe<br />

12 xinkali da koketoba daviT CixlaZe<br />

14 mowodebebi poeziad daviT CixlaZe<br />

16 banqos TamaSi mecnierulad...<br />

anu ufasod mijaWvuli `promeTe~ daviT buxrikiZe<br />

imogzaure 20 yelis tba<br />

saqarTveloSi sandro naveriani<br />

istoriebi 24 <strong>rusudan</strong> <strong>mirzikaSvili</strong> da <strong>levan</strong> <strong>asabaSvili</strong><br />

raze fiqrobs urban reaqtori nino lomaZe<br />

32 brZola TavisuflebisTvis nino jafiaSvili<br />

interviuebi 40 arseni roginski: ruseTSi ar arsebobs politikuri<br />

sivrce nino beqiSvili<br />

44 interviu jeimz qarTerTan kaxa Tolordava<br />

fotoproeqti 48 patara qalaqSi daviT mesxi<br />

analizi 56 qarTuli kinoindustriis problemebi nino ZanZava<br />

specproeqti 62 sazRvrebi<br />

dokumenturi proza 76 sxvebis qveyana sandro naveriani<br />

isaqarTvelo 80 jvarcma. teqnikuri personali da dekoracia<br />

paata qurdaZe<br />

84 kvazimoda giorgi kalatoziSvili<br />

saavtoro 88 rafika <strong>levan</strong> berZeniSvili<br />

esei 92 neoliberalizmis kritika ocdameerTe saukuneSi<br />

irakli kakabaZe<br />

gasworeba<br />

`cxeli Sokoladis~ 56-e nomerSi, statiaSi `dmanisis aRmoCena~ SecdomiT<br />

iyo miTiTebuli gamofenis mowyobis adgili. dmanisSi aRmoCenili uZvelesi<br />

adamianis eqspozicia gaimarTa niderlandebis bunebis istoriis nacionalur<br />

muzeumSi, q. leideni. gamofena gaixsna 2009 wlis 28 noembers da gagrZeldeba<br />

2010 wlis 28 Tebervlamde.<br />

aseve ar iyo aRniSnuli, rom proeqti ganxorcielda sadazRvevo kompania<br />

`jipiai holdingis~ mxardaWeriT.

piris Rrus movlis saukeTeso saSualebebi<br />

GPC-isa da wiTeli -s afTiaqebSi<br />

macdunebeli siamovnebis<br />

moyvarulTaTvis<br />

R.O.C.S.-is kbilis pasata “yava da Tambaqo”<br />

specialurad SemuSavebulia yavis, Cais, wiTeli<br />

Rvinisa da Tambaqos moyvarulTaTvis. igi<br />

saSualebas gaZlevT SeinarCunoT momxibvleli<br />

Rimili da jansaRi sunTqva. amcirebs Tambaqos<br />

bolis uaryofiT zemoqmedebas piris Rruze.<br />

abraziuli nivTierebebis zomieri Semcveloba<br />

saSualebas iZleva gamoiyenoT R.O.C.S.-is kbilis<br />

pasata “yava da Tambaqo” yoveldRiurad.<br />

yava da Tambaqo

edaqtoris werili<br />

6 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

javaxeTis zeganze, sul kideSi, sadac saqarTvelos somxeTi esazRvreba, erTi patara<br />

sofelia _ sameba. sul TxuTmeti ojaxi cxovrobs _ sami duxoborebis, cxra<br />

somxuri da sami qarTuli. iq, SarSan me da daviT mesxi JurnalisTvis werilis gasake-<br />

Teblad wavediT. jer Tovli ar ido, amitom soflamde advilad mivaRwieT. gzaze<br />

duxoborebis mitovebuli, naxevrad, an mTlianad dangreuli saxlebi idga. or patara<br />

SenobaSi skola iyo, erTi somxurenovani, erTic qarTuli. Cveni maspinZeli qar-<br />

Tuli skolis maswavlebeli gaxldaT, cico naTenaZe. ramdenime dRis win dagvireka<br />

da Jurnalis dabadebis dRe mogviloca. cota xnis mere, pavlemac dareka, mezobeli<br />

soflidan. mere iqaur ambebs moyva: wels Tovli gvian movida da gzebic axla Caiketa;<br />

gorelovka doxuborebis ramdenime ojaxma datova da iq isev aWaridan ekomigrantebi<br />

daasaxles; orive soflis skolebs, axali saswavlo wlis saxelmZRvaneloebi isev ar<br />

hyofnis, biblioTekebi isev mouwesrigebelia; sofels eqimi axlac ar hyavs, miwebis<br />

problema isev mougvarebeli rCeba, arada arc erT ojaxs soflis datoveba ar unda.<br />

sasazRvro dacvaSi pavle mainc ar miiRes, samebaSi qarTulenovan skolaSi isev istorias<br />

da geografias aswavlis. yovel diliT gamTeniisas dgeba, transports rom<br />

miuswros, mere samebamde erTi saaTi fexiT midis. ukan isev mesazRvreebs, an ise,<br />

SemTxveviT Camvlels mohyveba. gasarTobad isev koswinkasTan da armenTan erTad dadis,<br />

vabRuilebT Zvel motociklets da varTo, _ ambobs. CamodiT, xom dagvpirdiT<br />

zamTris javaxeTi unda vnaxoTo.<br />

mTavari gzatkecilidan samebamde oTx kilometrs isev fexiT, cxeniT, an marxiliT<br />

gadian. axla yvela ojaxSi gazafxulamde produqtebi aqvT momaragebuli da daTbobas<br />

elodebian. saRamoobiT romelime ojaxSi, SeSis Rumels mousxdebian da qveynis<br />

ambebs arCeven.<br />

aucileblad waval. male, sanam gzebi gaixsneba da sanam soflis gzebze welamde<br />

Tovli devs.<br />

nino lomaZe<br />

mogvwereT, editor@shokoladi.ge

Cveni avtorebi<br />

nino beqiSvili<br />

saqarTveloSi jerjerobiT ar dawyebula diskusia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra unda<br />

vuyoT gasuli saukunis 70 wels _ saqarTvelos sabWoTa istorias. mediaSi<br />

am Temaze TiTqmis araferi iwereba, arc samecniero kvlevebis Sesaxebaa<br />

cnobili sazogadoebisTvis. qarTvelebis umetesobas sabWoTa istoriisgan<br />

gaTavisufleba martivi ambavi gvgonia _ magaliTad, goridan stalinis<br />

Zeglis aReba an, meore msoflio omSi daRupuli gmirebis xsovnisadmi<br />

miZRvnili memorialis afeTqeba. arc imis gaxseneba gvsiamovnebs, rom aq<br />

vinme piotr ivanovi ki ar Semosula, meTerTmete armias sergo orjonikiZe<br />

SemouZRva da is cnobili 25 Tebervlis depeSac qarTvelis, filipe maxara-<br />

Zis dawerilia. raRaa gasaxsenebeli _ 90-ianebSi orjonikiZis Zeglic aviReT<br />

da mTawmindaze filipe maxaraZis saflavic avafeTqeT. am oris sakiTxi<br />

namdvilad mogvarebulia. iqneb, imis mizezi, sabWoTa istoris Sesaswavlad<br />

da gasaazreblad rom ver movicaleT, Sidapolitikuri areulobebiT,<br />

qaosiT da omebiT damZimebuli wlebia? 2006 wels TbilisSi „okupaciis<br />

muzeumi“ gaixsna. TavisTavad es saxelic „okupaciis muzeumi“ ukve cxadad<br />

asaxavs xelisuflebis ritorikas _ saqarTvelo msxverplia. ra Tqma unda _<br />

aris, amaze WkuaTmyofeli ver ikamaTebs, magram Cveni wili pasuxismgebloba<br />

sadRac haerSia gamokiduli. aravis unda qarTveli jalaTebis gaxseneba.<br />

maTze, vinc jer „danosebs“ werdnen, xolo Semdeg sixaruliT ikavebdnen daxvretili<br />

da gadasaxlebuli mezoblebis saxlebs, arasdros visaubrebT ise,<br />

rogorc winaprebze. arc msxverplTa vinaoba viciT (ramdenime gamonaklisis<br />

garda) da, miT umetes _ arc jalaTebis. `okupaciis muzeumis~ pirvelive<br />

darbazSi erT kedelze tyviebiT dacxriluli is vagonia gamofenili, sadac<br />

1924 wels bolSevikebma SorapanSi asobiT adamiani daxvrites, meore mxares<br />

ki uzarmazar ekranze vardebis revoluciis amsaxveli videokadrebi Seu-<br />

Cereblad trialebs _ rogor Semodis mcxeTidan manqanebis jaWvi, rogor<br />

svams saakaSvili SevardnaZis Cais, rogor zeimobs mTeli qarTveli eri<br />

da a.S. Tan muzeumia, romelsac sul sxva datvirTva unda hqondes, meore<br />

mxriv ki _ banaluri oficialuri propaganda, is, rasac ukve karga xania,<br />

miveCvieT da SeiZleba, Tvalsa da yurs aRarc gvWrides. Tumca, mTavari<br />

siurprizi „okupaciis muzeumis“ sadarbazo kibeebzea gamofenili: absoluturad<br />

sabWoTa esTetikiT Sesrulebuli foto _ saakaSvili da iuSCenko<br />

bavSvebTan erTad, Tanac zustad ise, rogorc kompartiis pirveli mdivnebi<br />

gvinaxavs pataraobisas _ liderebi siyvaruliT, mzrunveli saxeebiT dahyureben<br />

bavSvebs. `okupaciis muzeumSi~ ucxoel stumrebTan, Tanac stalinizmis<br />

profesional mkvlevrebTan erTad movxvdi. maT Soris iyo arseni<br />

roginskic, visTan interviusac am nomerSi waikiTxavT.<br />

8 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

nino ZanZava<br />

saqarTveloSi weliwadSi ramdenime<br />

srulmetraJian mxatvrul films iReben,<br />

romelTa biujeti, adgilobrivi resursebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, arcTu ise dabalia<br />

da naxevari milionidan erTi milioni<br />

laris farglebSi meryeobs. filmebs safestivalo<br />

cxovrebac aqvT da adgilobriv<br />

gaqiravebaSic trialebs. maRalCinosnebi<br />

qarTuli kinos SesamCnevad mzard potencialze<br />

akeTeben gancxadebebs. Tumca,<br />

rodesac Cemi profesiiT dainteresebul<br />

axal nacnobebs veubnebi, _ kinokritikosi<br />

var meTqi, _ gakvirvebulebi mpasuxoben:<br />

rogor unda wero imaze, rac ar ariso.<br />

am kiTxvas gansakuTrebiT xSirad taqsis<br />

mZRolebi svamen. is adamianebi, visTvisac<br />

dRes kino namdvilad ar arsebobs.<br />

samagierod, maT warsuli axsovT, rodesac<br />

kinoSi siaruli yoveldRiuri cxovrebis<br />

nawili iyo. kinematografis sicocxlisunarianobas<br />

misi masobrioba ganapirobebs.<br />

SeiZleba arsebobdes elituri kino, magram<br />

ar arsebobs elituri kinoindustria.<br />

saqarTveloSi kinowarmoebis procesi ar<br />

aris Sekruli. marTalia, gaCnda teqnikuri<br />

saSualebebi, magram ara filmis warmoebis<br />

yvela etapisTvis. gaumarTavia warmoebis<br />

procesisTvis saWiro infrastruqtura, ar<br />

arsebobs srulyofili laboratoriuli<br />

momsaxureba, normaluri kinoproeqcia,<br />

filmis dacvis pirobebi, kinokritika,<br />

safestivalo sivrce, distribucia, bolos<br />

da bolos _ taqsistebi ar dadian kinoSi.

`TbilRvino~ 2009 wels<br />

STambeWdavi SedegebiT asrulebs<br />

2009 wlis SedegebiT `TbilRvino~ #1 Rvinis eqsportiori<br />

kompaniaa saqarTveloSi.<br />

2009 wels `TbilRvinom~ ISO 9001 (xarisxis marTvis<br />

sistema) da ISO 22000 (sakvebis uvneblobis marTvis sistema)<br />

sertifikatebi miiRo.<br />

2009 wels `TbilRvinos~ produqciam yvelaze prestiJul<br />

saerTaSoriso konkuresebze 14 medali moipova, maT Soris<br />

2 oqros da 4 vercxlis medalia.

mimoxilva<br />

ubraloebis ZiebaSi kibernetikulsa<br />

da meqanikurs Soris<br />

avtori: daviT CixlaZe<br />

foto: qeTo caava<br />

19 dekembers Tbilisis samxatvro<br />

akademiis kursdamTavrebulma<br />

giorgi maRraZem personaluri<br />

gamofena gamarTa Tbilisis Tojinebis<br />

muzeumis erT-erT darbazSi.<br />

Tbilisis saerTo kulturuli<br />

monotonurobis fonze es gamofena<br />

sasiamovno araadekvaturobad<br />

gamoiyureboda.<br />

rogorc wesi, Tanamedrove mxatvris<br />

mxridan dadaizmze pirdapiri<br />

apelireba groteskad an gulubryvilo<br />

pativiscemad aRiqmeba<br />

xolme, radgan miiCneva, rom mas<br />

Semdeg didi dro gavida da xelovneba<br />

ukve mraval axal mimdinareobasa<br />

Tu tendenciaSi<br />

transformirda. dadaizmis idea,<br />

romelic sityvebisa da niSnebis<br />

wminda formamde dayvanas da Semdeg<br />

ukve maTi axali, frivoluri<br />

mniSvnelobebiT aRWurvas emsaxureba,<br />

100 wlis Semdegac kargad<br />

Cans dakvirvebuli TvalisTvis.<br />

aseTebi arian kiber-filosofosi<br />

da mwerali hakim bei, igive piter<br />

lamborn uilsoni, sakuTari, fragmentuli<br />

da seriuli ornamentebis<br />

10 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

nawerebiT; an meTiu barni, romlis<br />

logo, marTalia, ukve sinTetikuri<br />

faqturisaa, magram mainc<br />

makratlis gamosaxulebiT.<br />

dadaizmis idea sadac cocxlobs,<br />

iq, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom adamianebs<br />

wignis wakiTxva jer ar daviwyebiaT.<br />

diax, swored wakiTxva da ara<br />

kiTxva. aseTi wakiTxvebi swored<br />

dadaizms ufro ukavSirdeba da<br />

ara semiotikas an struqturalizms,<br />

radgan Tu niSnebis formebis<br />

mowesrigebaze vlaparakobT, unda<br />

vaRiaroT, rom forma pirvel rig-<br />

Si swored rom vizualuria da misi<br />

kvalic Tanamedrove vizualur xelovnebis<br />

sawyisebSi unda veZeboT.<br />

giorgi maRraZis namuSevrebis<br />

faqturaSi aSkara iyo gzavnili<br />

kibernetikulze. mxatvari<br />

gvTavazobda saukeTeso saTamaSo<br />

moedans, mxiaruli miniSnebebiT<br />

kargad nacnob qrestomaTiul dadaistur<br />

Sriftebze da dizainze.<br />

Tanamedrove xelovnebaSi damkvidrebuli<br />

konteqstisaTvis es<br />

namuSevrebi marTlac lamaz da<br />

daxvewil saTamaSoebs hgavda,<br />

romelTa gamoyenebiTi funqciac<br />

ucnobi iyo.<br />

iSviaTia, rom dRevandel saqarTveloSi<br />

dadaisturi apelirebebi<br />

morigi dacinviT ar damTavrdes,<br />

radgan aq jer kidev namdvilad<br />

ar muSaobs me-20 saukunis esTetikuri<br />

postulati `rogor~ da<br />

ara `ra~. saqarTveloSi cdiloben<br />

weron bodriaris filosofiaze da<br />

simulakraze, magram qveyanas jer<br />

arc erTi Tanamedrove xati ar<br />

Seuqmnia da saxalxo artistebi Tu<br />

masobrivi scenis varskvlavebi jer<br />

isev ara suraT-xatebad, imijebad<br />

an bilbordebad, aramed `karg an<br />

magar kacebad da qalebad~, karg<br />

pirovnebebad moiazrebian mxolod.<br />

suraT-xati an saTqmeli,<br />

romlis miRmac ar Cans adamiani,<br />

aris is mTavari, riTac mTeli Tanamedrove<br />

dasavleTi arsebobs.<br />

Cven am simulakrasadmi dauokebeli<br />

simpaTia gvaqvs, magram moraliT<br />

vapelirebT da kvlav Soreul<br />

moswavleebad vrCebiT. swored<br />

pirovnulobis aRmoufxvreli<br />

kultis da cvalebadi moraluri

Sexedulebebis gamo mTlianad gadavagdeT<br />

yvelaferi, rac ki memkvidreobiT<br />

SegveZlo dagvetovebina<br />

sabWoTa dizainis gamzadebuli<br />

struqturebidan. dRes Cvens moqalaqes<br />

ara aqvs saSualeba, icodes<br />

art nuvo an sabWoTa konstruqtivizmi,<br />

radgan moralis prioritetiT<br />

Semofargvla infantiluri<br />

zRaprebiT dakmayofilebis<br />

pirobas qmnis, rogoricaa xuTkun-<br />

Wula an komble. giorgi maRraZis<br />

gamofenis adgilic simboluri da<br />

zRaprulia _ isev Tojinebis an<br />

marionetebis muzeumi.<br />

dRes moulodneli ar unda<br />

iyos axalgazrdebis pretenzia<br />

cifrul snobizmze. kibernetikulTan<br />

Sexeba CvenSi prioritetia,<br />

magram mxolod SMS-ebis gau-<br />

Cerebeli, nevrotuli gagzavniT<br />

Semoifargleba. saqarTveloSi<br />

Catma ukve imdenad Caanacvla wignic<br />

da cxovrebac, rom erotikuli<br />

voiaJebi ki ara, albaT internetiT<br />

qorwili da bavSvis gaCenac Sesa-<br />

Zleblad eCvenebaT. xolo is, rom<br />

dasavleTSi axalgazrda adamianebi<br />

kafeebSic ki wignebis gareSe arasodes<br />

arian, CvenTan warmoudgenlis<br />

sazRvrebs scildeba.<br />

SeiZleba paradoqsia, magram mxolod<br />

TamaSs da simulakras Seu-<br />

Zlia adamiani gamoiyvanos rTuli<br />

gaucxoebidan, dramatizebidan da<br />

tragizmidan, rasac yovelTvis<br />

dros da epoqas abraleben. am mniSvnelobiT<br />

ki, vin ityvis, rom Tama-<br />

Si seriozuli ram ar aris? dadaizmi<br />

TamaSi iyo da swored aseTi<br />

TamaSi gvaseriozulebs imdenad,<br />

rom SegviZlia naTeli da dalagebuli<br />

xedviT SevxedoT cxovrebas<br />

da yvelaferi davinaxoT im sizustiT<br />

da ubraloebiT, rogor-<br />

Sic is aris.<br />

gamosavali ubraloebasa da daTmobaSia.<br />

aseTi gamosavali ipova axalgazrda<br />

mxatvarma giorgi maRra-<br />

Zem, romelmac dRevandeli drois<br />

Sesabamis sakuTar enas miagno. es<br />

umniSvnelo ram ar aris, Tumca<br />

cxadia, rom mis stilze SeiZleba<br />

jer adre iyos saubari da mxatvarma<br />

kidev bevrjer SeiZleba gadauxvios<br />

arCeuli gzidan. gulwrf-<br />

eloba ki namdvilad saxezea, rac<br />

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STabeWdileba ver datova kinomanebze,<br />

magram sapremiero Cvenebebma<br />

da gansakuTrebiT saintereso stumrebis<br />

Camosvlam sagrZnoblad gamoacocxla<br />

safestivalo atmosfero.<br />

marto didi britaneli reJisoris,<br />

maik lis stumroba, misi filmebi da<br />

masterklasi xom ukve movlenaa.<br />

festivali kinoTeatr `amiranSi~<br />

swored maik lis cnobili filmiT _<br />

`vera dreiki~ daixura, romelsac Tavad<br />

reJisoric eswreboda. veneciis<br />

kinofestivalis triumfatori da<br />

sam `oskarze~ nominirebuli filmi<br />

(reJisura, scenari da qalis mTavari<br />

roli) did britaneTSi 50-ian wleb-<br />

Si aralegalur abortebs exeba. vera<br />

dreiki gulwrfelad, usasyidlod<br />

da `keTili zraxviT~ exmareba qalebs,<br />

anu, maSindeli kanonis mixedviT,<br />

Cadis danaSauls.<br />

mimoxilva<br />

reJisori xazgasmulad neitraluria<br />

personaJis mimarT da gvitovebs<br />

saSualebas, Tavad SevafasoT damnaSavea<br />

vera dreiki Tu garemoebis<br />

msxverpli. mkacri da pirquSi realizmi<br />

ar ewinaaRmdegeba SesaniSnav<br />

retro-stilizacias da, rac mTavaria,<br />

maik li ar aris moralisti.<br />

festivalma aseve gaixsena britaneli<br />

reJisoris filmebi `SiSveli~ da<br />

`udardeli~.<br />

radgan finaliT daviwyeT, aqve<br />

davZenT, rom festivali <strong>levan</strong> ko-<br />

RuaSvilis axali filmiT, `quCis<br />

dReebiT~ gaixsna, romelic ukve ianvris<br />

bolos roterdamis saerTaSoriso<br />

kinofestivalis oficialur<br />

konkursSi iqneba warmodgenili. ko-<br />

RuaSvilis films erTi SexedviT banaluri<br />

siuJeti aqvs _ policielebi<br />

aSantaJeben `staJian~ narkomans, rom<br />

man sakuTari megobris Svils wamali<br />

gaukeTos, Semdeg ki mdidarma mamam<br />

Svilis gamosaxsnelad didi fuli gadaixados.<br />

umTavresi filmSi mainc garemoa _<br />

cxadi, zusti da Semzaravi, romelic<br />

reJisorma daundobeli neitralurobiTa<br />

da yovelgvari sentimentebis<br />

gareSe asaxa. aranakleb mniSvnelovania,<br />

rom filmSi monawile msaxiobebi<br />

siyalbis gareSe TamaSoben, rac<br />

qarTuli kinosaTvis namdvilad<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 17

siurprizia. da mainc, sruliad moulodnelia<br />

guga kotetiSvilis mier<br />

gansaxierebuli mTavari gmiri, 45<br />

wlis carieli da martosuli `Ceki~,<br />

romelsac cnobili dizaineri yovelgvari<br />

paTetikisa da xelovnuri<br />

dramatizmis gareSe TamaSobs; ubralod<br />

da gansacvifrebeli realurobis<br />

gancdiT.<br />

<strong>levan</strong> koRuaSvili zedmiwevniT<br />

kargad icnobs imedgacruebul, depresiul<br />

90-ianelTa `dakargul~ Taobas,<br />

romelmac sakuTari cxovreba<br />

erT unayofod saSinel kiTxvas gadaayola<br />

_ sad da rogor viSovoT<br />

wamali? magram ufro saSiSia, roca<br />

ufrosi Taobis magaliTi avadmyofurad<br />

gadamdebi xdeba; roca gza arsaiT<br />

midis, xolo Tineijerebi skolis<br />

merxebidan gadian `dakacebis~<br />

gakveTilebs.<br />

festivalis damaintrigebel dasawyissa<br />

da maRalmxatvrul finals<br />

Soris daaxloebiT 120 filmi moeqca;<br />

mxatvruli, dokumenturi, reporta-<br />

Juli, moklemetraJiani, ucxouri Tu<br />

Sinauri. mayurebels eqvsi dRis ganmavlobaSi<br />

SeeZlo nairgvari arCevani<br />

gaekeTebina. magaliTad, axali germanuli<br />

kino (karolin linkis fsiqologiuri<br />

drama `zamTarSi erTi weli<br />

gaxdeba~, an mixael balhauzis dokumenturi<br />

filmi `berlinSi~); frangul<br />

retrospeqtivas (loran kantes<br />

SesaniSnavi `klasi~ an Zmebi dardenebis<br />

gamorCeuli `lornas mdumareba~)<br />

Seedarebina; enaxa SedarebiT ucnobi<br />

italiuri filmebi: evropuli `seza-<br />

18 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

mateo garone, `gomora~<br />

riT~ dajildoebuli, mateo garones<br />

`gomora~ da erovnuli kinematografiuli<br />

priziT `gamagrebuli~ paolo<br />

benvenutis `puCini da gogona~. bevri<br />

filmis naxva saerTod SeuZlebelic<br />

iyo mkacri safestivalo grafikis<br />

gamo.<br />

radgan 2009 wels safestivalo<br />

konkursi ar arsebobda, bevri re-<br />

Jisori ufro momgebian situaciaSi<br />

aRmoCnda. mayurebeli Tanabrad gadanawilda<br />

darbazebsa da filmebs<br />

Soris. veravin ityoda, romeli filmi<br />

romels jobda. amitomac mayurebeli<br />

sakuTar intuicias ufro<br />

endo. qarTuli programidan, <strong>levan</strong><br />

koRuaSvilis garda, STabeWdileba<br />

moaxdina moklemetraJiani filmebis<br />

programam. gansakuTrebiT irakli<br />

faniaSvilis Cumi simZafriTa da dramatizmiT<br />

gamorCeulma filmma `sergo<br />

goTorani~, romelic afxazeTidan<br />

ltolvili ojaxis tragedias `ugmirod~<br />

gviCvenebs, xolo operatoris,<br />

naTela grigalaSvilis namuSevari<br />

marTlac SesaniSnavia. moulodneli<br />

rakursiT gamoirCeva nuca mesxiSvilis<br />

`bedniereba~ (scenaris avtori<br />

zaira arseniSvili) da 2008 wlis omisadmi<br />

miZRvnili filmi `dadumebulebi~<br />

(reJisori salome jaSi).<br />

dramaturgiulad sainteresodaa<br />

agebuli nino furcxvaniZisa da piter-ian<br />

smitis filmi `ra Tqma unda<br />

amerikaSi~, romelic aralegalur<br />

emigraciasa da sasiyvarulo TavgadasavalSi<br />

gaxlarTuli `mSvenieri<br />

qarTveli qalis~ (msaxiobi qeTevan<br />

loran kante, `klasi~<br />

salome jaSi, `dadumebulebi~<br />

xarSilaZe) istorias mogviTxrobs.<br />

SedarebiT `norCebidan~ ki zaza rusa-<br />

Zis `nakecebi da bzarebi~, nika maCai-<br />

Zis `anarekli~, da sandro jandieris<br />

Chamber piece (es ukanaskneli londonis<br />

kinoskolaSi swavlobs) axdens<br />

karg STabeWdilebas. dokumenturi<br />

filmebis programidan unda gamovar-<br />

CioT vano burdulis `konfliqtis<br />

zona~ da oliko JRentis `knut hamsunis<br />

kavkasiuri misteriebi~.<br />

SedarebiT didi da warmatebuli<br />

qarTvelebidan festivalma nana<br />

jorjaZe, irakli kvirikaZe da nino<br />

kirTaZe daafasa. safrangeTSi mcxovrebi<br />

mixeil kobaxiZis 70 wlis iubile<br />

da misi moklemetraJiani filmebis<br />

retrospeqtiva gacilebiT<br />

saintereso aRmoCnda, vidre nana<br />

jorjaZis arafrismTqmeli da xelovnuri<br />

zRapari-filmi `meteoidioti~.<br />

aRarafers vambob nino kirTaZis<br />

subieqtur da evropul koniunqturaze<br />

gaTvlil dokumentur filmze<br />

`zogi ram saqarTvelos Sesaxeb~,<br />

romelic zeaRelvebuli saakaSvilis<br />

tele-portrets ufro hgavs...<br />

fragmentebi Tbilisis uprizo<br />

kinofestivalis cxovrebidan SegveZlo<br />

erTi SegonebiT dagvemTavrebina:<br />

krizisi ufro gvaZlierebs,<br />

radgan socialur imunitets amaRlebs.<br />

ratomRac mgonia, rom samagierod,<br />

festivalis dones akninebs<br />

da ukve momdevno kinofestivalze,<br />

`banqos TamaSi mecnierulad~ anu, eSmakoba<br />

fulis dazogvis mizniT, aRar<br />

gamova. Tumca, vin icis?!

imogzaure saqarTveloSi<br />

yelis tba<br />

avtori: sandro naveriani<br />

foto: kote gabriCiZe<br />

didi siamovnebiT davTanxmdi, damewera<br />

rame rubrikis qveS `imogzaure<br />

saqarTveloSi~. didi siamovnebiT<br />

imitom, rom rac Tavi maxsovs, marTla<br />

aqeT-iqiT davexetebi da araTu ku-<br />

Txe, saqarTveloSi administraciuli<br />

erTeuli ar meguleba, rom ar viyo<br />

namyofi. hoda, ra gasakviria, rom gamixarda<br />

da Tanac vifiqre, siamovnebi-<br />

Tac davwer da didi tvinis Wyletac<br />

ar damWirdeba, ra da rogor davweromeTqi.<br />

da roca sawerad davjeqi, swored<br />

maSin mivxvdi, rom me am qveynis<br />

TiTqmis araferi vici. ki, bevri mixetialia<br />

da yvelgan namyofi var, magram<br />

is, rac mniSvnelovania, is, rac<br />

ganasxvavebs saqarTvelos sxvadasxva<br />

kuTxeebs erTmaneTisgan _ adamianebi _<br />

maT Sesaxeb araferi vici. garda imisa,<br />

rom am aRmoCenam Zalian damamwuxra,<br />

damafiqra kidec da Tvalic amixila<br />

_ droa gavicno Cemi qveyana da viyo<br />

ukeTesi turisti, vidre avstrieli<br />

klausi, an Sveicarieli markusi.<br />

am yvelafridan gamomdinare, gadavwyvite<br />

dRes saqarTvelos im nawilze<br />

mogiyveT, sadac aravin cxovrobs,<br />

20 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

garda gareuli cxovelebisa da zafxulobiT<br />

karvebSi dabanakebuli turistebisa.<br />

am adgils yelis tba hqvia<br />

da dRes iq moxvedra TiTqmis SeuZlebelia.<br />

ara imitom, rom zamTaria, aramed<br />

imitom, rom yelis tbis mimdebare<br />

teritorias dRes rusi da osi mesazRvreebi<br />

akontroleben.<br />

yelis tbaze moxvedra ramdenime<br />

marSrutiT aris SesaZlebeli da aqedan<br />

yvelaze popularuli TeTri aragvis<br />

xeobidan, gudamayris marSruti<br />

da qsnis xeobis marSrutia. amboben,<br />

_ qsnis xeobidan jobs, ufro STambeWdavia,<br />

bevrad ufro lamaziao. eg<br />

marSruti me ar vici, me aqedan, aragvis<br />

xeobidan wavedi, zemo mleTas<br />

cota gavcdi da serpantinis pirvelive<br />

mosaxvevSi Camovedi transportidan,<br />

danarCeni fexiT unda gvevlo.<br />

oTxni viyaviT _ Tiniko, daTo, Zia<br />

da me. Tinikoc da daToc tye-RreSi<br />

gamocdili mogzaurebi arian, mec,<br />

ase Tu ise vqaCav, ai, Zias ki aSkarad<br />

etyoboda, ro gamoucdeli iyo. amas<br />

pirvelad maSin mivxvdiT, rodesac<br />

transportidan Camosulebma bargis<br />

gadanawileba daviwyeT. Zias iseTi<br />

zurgCanTa hqonda wamoRebuli, erTi<br />

kilometri ori kilo bargic ro etarebina,<br />

mxarze mosakidebeli qamrebi<br />

mxrebs moaWrida. es problema movagvareT,<br />

magram mere aRmoCnda, ro<br />

TiTqmis CustebiT iyo wamosuli, rac<br />

imas niSnavda, ro erTi aTjer mainc<br />

gadautrialdeboda fexi da SeiZleba<br />

ukan mobrunebac ki dagvWirveboda.<br />

Zias sasaxelod unda iTqvas, ro yvelaze<br />

magrad iara. maSin 15 wlis iyo.<br />

daviZariT da pirveli dabrkoleba<br />

iq Segvxvda, sadac yazbegas saxli dgas<br />

da saxls kidev ramdenime qofaki icavs.<br />

yazbegas saxli aragvis marjvena<br />

napirze (dinebis mimarTulebiT) sul<br />

marto dgas, Sefenili mTis ferdze.<br />

yazbega saxlSi ar iyo, misma qaliSvilebma<br />

ki ZaRlebs veraferi mouxerxes,<br />

amitomac TiTqmis kedelze<br />

mogviwia xoxva. rogorc iqna, aviareT<br />

yazbegas saxls ukan mTis ferdi da<br />

gavswordiT. pirvelive naxevar saaTSi<br />

ise daviRale, vifiqre, aqve gavSli<br />

karavs-meTqi. sworze mwyemsebi<br />

Segvxvdnen. salam-qalamis Semdeg, _

aba, saiT gagiweviaTo, _ da ro gaiges,<br />

yelis tbaze mivdiodiT da Tan Cemi<br />

qoSinic didxans ismines, Tavi gaaqnies<br />

da gza dagviloces. ki gagvikvirda,<br />

uxalisod ro agvixsnes gza, xelebiT<br />

da Tavis gawev-gamoweviT, magram sami<br />

dRis Semdeg, rodesac tbas mivaRwieT,<br />

mivxvdiT ratomac gvixsnidnen uxalisod<br />

_ amxela gzis Cveneba SeuZlebelia<br />

da gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca Ti-<br />

Tqmis gzis dasawyisSi xar. mignebiT ki<br />

mivagnebdiT, topografiuli samxedro<br />

rukac gvqonda da Tan Tbilisidan<br />

erTi TviT adre yelis tbaze namyofi<br />

jaba malaRuraZec xazze iyo, da Tu<br />

sadme orientirs vkargavdiT, egreve<br />

zari jabasTan da, yvelaferi Tavis<br />

adgilze dgeboda.<br />

orsaaTnaxevari ise viareT, erTxelac<br />

ar gavCerebulvarT da sakmaod<br />

didi da rTuli monakveTi gaviareT.<br />

dasasveneblad ro davsxediT, davinaxeT,<br />

ro gudauri TiTqmis motovebuli<br />

gvqonda. ise ki, ucnauri sanaxavi<br />

iyo xevis meore mxares motitvlebuli<br />

gudauri. amis Semdeg kidev cota viareT,<br />

ramdenjerme SevisveneT da aragvis<br />

saTavesTan misulebs, iq, sadac<br />

miwas mowyvetili mdinare CanCqerad<br />

iqceva, davbanakdiT. pirvelma dRem,<br />

rukis da jabas monacemebis Tanaxmad,<br />

sakmaod nayofierad Caiara, anu meore<br />

dRes, daaxloebiT xuTi-eqvsi saaTis-<br />

Tvis ukve yelis tba unda gvenaxa.<br />

im Rames davkrifeT deka da gzad<br />

daTreuli fiCxic mivayoleT da mSvenieri<br />

koconi gamogvivida. davlieT<br />

arayi, romelic imdeni gvqonda, sad<br />

wagveRo, ar vicodiT da daviZineT.<br />

ufro sworad ki daveyareT karvebSi<br />

da gaviTiSeT.<br />

meore dRe ufro rTuli iyo, vidre<br />

wina RamiT warmogvedgina, cecxlis<br />

garSemo mjdomebi arays ro vurtyamdiT.<br />

pirvelad sworad yelis tbaze<br />

gamovcade, Tu rogori mZime SeiZleba<br />

iyos `paxmelia~. me da daTo davitanjeT,<br />

rac Seexeba Zias da Tinikos, maT<br />

araferi etyobodaT. miuxedavad imisa,<br />

rom Zia da Tiniko mkvircxlad Seuyvnen<br />

biliks, iZulebulni gaxdnen, Cemi da<br />

daTos temps morgebodnen, amitomac<br />

yelis tba verc im dRes vnaxeT. Tumca,<br />

erTi aTjer mainc iyvira win wasulma<br />

Ziam, _ vxedav, vxedavo, magram... Cven<br />

vulkanur platos mivuyvebodiT, sadac<br />

ramdenime aTeuli tba aris da albaT<br />

gazafxulobiT kidev ufro meti.<br />

Rame erT-erTi patara tbis napiras<br />

gavaTieT. karvebi qviSaze gavSaleT<br />

da gavimeoreT is, rac wina RamiT _<br />

koconi, oRond cota mokrZalebuli<br />

da dalevac kidev ufro mokrZalebuli.<br />

raSic Tavi ar davzogeT, Wama iyo.<br />

gemrielad mivirTviT da mkvdrebiviT<br />

dagveZina.<br />

daTom dilauTenia wamogvyara. Cven<br />

patara sanapiros jer mze ar mosdgomoda,<br />

kera, ra Tqma unda, gaciebuli<br />

iyo, da amitomac CavicviT yvelaferi,<br />

racki Tan gvqonda, ramenairad<br />

sicives rom ar avetaneT. daTom jer<br />

dasiebul saxeebze Semogvxeda, mere<br />

karvebis garSemo da mTel plaJze jer<br />

kidev Tbili daTvis nakvalevi gvanaxa<br />

da xeli CrdiloeTiT gaiSvira, _ am<br />

goras iqiT yelis tba ariso.<br />

yelis tba marTlac ulamazesi sanaxaobaa,<br />

miT ufro dilauTenia, jer<br />

kidev haeri ro ar iZvris da tbas<br />

mzis sxivebi ar dasdgomia. ggonia,<br />

TiTqos uzarmazari sarkis namsxvrevi<br />

gdia da masSi yvelaferi Cans, rac<br />

mas zeviT aris. mzis amosvlis Semdeg<br />

niavic dauberavs xolme da garda imisa,<br />

ro tba mzis sxivebs ireklavs da<br />

misi sruli silamaziT datkbobas ver<br />

axerxeb, tbac livlivs iwyebs, da sarkis<br />

efeqtic momaval dilamde qreba.<br />

dilaobiT yelis tba yvelaze lamazia.<br />

gadaviReT fotoebi, vibodialeT<br />

aqeT-iqiT da or saaTSi banakSi davbrundiT.<br />

jer aTi saaTic ar iyo. gadavwyviteT,<br />

maleve avbargebuliyaviT,<br />

rom is manZili erT dReSi Cagvevlo,<br />

romlis amovlasac TiTqmis sami dRe<br />

movandomeT. aq cotaTi kanonzomierebis<br />

darRveva movisurveT albaT, da<br />

amitomac moxda ise, rom mainc meore<br />

dRes CavediT.<br />

me mTeli meore dRe weli mawuxebda.<br />

xo, damaviwyda meTqva, rom yovel<br />

Rame wvimda. Cem karavSi wyali Semovida,<br />

Sesabamisad saZile tomaraSic<br />

da weli amitomac mtkioda _ gamicivda.<br />

welis tkivilis gamo, CemTvis<br />

imogzaure saqarTveloSi<br />

adgoma-dajdoma did sirTuleebTan<br />

iyo dakavSirebuli, amitomac daTos,<br />

Tinikos da Zias vuTxari, _ me waval,<br />

ar gavCerdebi, gaxurebulze saerTod<br />

ar mawuxebs welis tkivili, da aragvis<br />

saTavesTan dagelodebiT, iq, sadac<br />

pirveli banaki gvqonda-meTqi. Ziam, _<br />

mec wamogyvebio.<br />

saaTnaxevari-ori saaTi iyo, rac<br />

gzaSi viyaviT, me da Ziam srolis xma<br />

rom gavigeT. Zalian Sors, daaxloebiT<br />

40 wuTis savalSi qveviT davinaxeT,<br />

wertilebi moZraobdnen. Zias<br />

filosofiurad vuTxari, _ mwyemsebi,<br />

maTTan SevisvenoT da iq davelodoT<br />

daTos da Tinikos-meTqi. Tan<br />

gamoricxuli iyo, daTo da Tiniko<br />

agvcdenodnen _ ukana gzaze viRac<br />

RvTisnieris mier agebul yorRanebs<br />

movyvebodiT.<br />

daaxloebiT 40 wuTSi adgilze mivediT.<br />

manamde vxedavdiT, rom mwyemsebi<br />

raRac ucnaurad gadaadgildebodnen.<br />

arc rame oTxfexi dagvinaxavs da<br />

cota eWvi ki Semepara _ mwyemsebisTvis<br />

cota ucnaurad iqcevian-meTqi. mere<br />

vifiqre, monadireebi iqnebian, aba,<br />

sxva vin unda iyos-meTqi...<br />

Руки вверх! _ didi lodis uknidan<br />

gamoZvra axalgazrda ymawvili da<br />

avtomati mogviSvira me da Zias. mas<br />

kidev ori daexmara _ mogviSvires ruminuli<br />

kalaSnikovebi; dagvagdes qvas-<br />

Tan da gvekiTxebian aTas sisuleles.<br />

Zias uxaria, erTferovnul Tbilisur<br />

cxovrebas mowyvetili aseT ambav-<br />

Si ro gaexvia. ver xvdeba, ramdenad<br />

seriozulad SeiZleba ganviTardes<br />

movlenebi da amitomac raRac sisuleleebs<br />

laparakobs, mesazRvreebs<br />

elaparakeba. aRmoCnda, rom osi mesazRvreebi<br />

yofilan da Cven gvadanaSauleben<br />

sazRvris ukanono gadakveTasa<br />

da jaSuSobaSi. me da Zias (15 wlis<br />

aris!). arafers ar gveubnebian, garda<br />

imisa, ro cxinvalSi unda wagviyvanon<br />

da xelisuflebas gadagvcen. gveubnebian,<br />

rom Tavis megobrebs elodebian<br />

da, rogorc ki isini movlen, cxinvalisken<br />

daviZvrebiT, magram gamoCnda<br />

erTi problema _ rodesac gvkiTxes,<br />

marto xarT Tu arao, _ vuTxari, _<br />

ki-meTqi. am Cemma daufiqrebelma pa-<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 21

imogzaure saqarTveloSi<br />

suxma kinaRam imsxverpla daTo: sanam<br />

mesazRvreebis megobrebs velodebodiT,<br />

erT-erTi mesazRvre, romelsac<br />

SemdegSi rododendroni SevarqviT,<br />

durbindiT aremares aTvalierebda.<br />

uceb SaSxana (snaiperski vintovka ra)<br />

moimarjva da Caujda. meorem hkiTxa,<br />

_ ra xdebao, _ da rododendronma, _<br />

viRac zangi da qali modiano. zangi<br />

daTo iyo, wverebSi da damwvari saxiT.<br />

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istoria<br />

30 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

iuneskodan axali aRmoCenebiT<br />

da msoflio masStabis aparatze<br />

cota Secvlili warmodgeniT isev<br />

kulturis saministroSi dabrunda.<br />

axal sammarTveloSi, romelic<br />

kulturuli memkvidreobis teritoriebis<br />

dacvaze muSaobda. `<strong>levan</strong>s<br />

sasacilod ar hyofnida Cemi<br />

sajaro moxelis statusi da es moxsenebiTi<br />

baraTebi, yoveldRiuri<br />

angariSebi~. magram ruso maSin fiqrobda,<br />

rom raRac mniSvnelovans<br />

akeTebda, rodesac am teritoriebis<br />

fizikur dacvaze, regulirebasa<br />

da sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebze<br />

muSaobda. sxvadasxva qveynis<br />

sakanonmdeblo bazebs ikvlevda<br />

da maT analizs samuSao jgufs<br />

awvdida. muSaobda dafinansebis<br />

mopovebazec. `vTargmnidi wignebs<br />

meTodologiis, sakanonmdeblo<br />

regulaciebis Sesaxeb. magram male<br />

mivxvdi, rom Cem mTavar mizans iq<br />

ver mivaRwevdi. vfiqrobdi, rom

yvelaze mniSvnelovani am sferoSi<br />

decentralizacia, pasuxismgeblobis<br />

gadanawileba da axali marTvis<br />

meqanizmis Seqmna iyo. maSin es ar<br />

iyo prioriteti. vifiqre, albaT<br />

yvelafers dro sWirdeba-meTqi da<br />

wamovedi~.<br />

aseTi egzistencialuri krizisebis<br />

dros sakuTar Tavs filosofiur<br />

gamocdebs uwyobs xolme.<br />

iRebs pauzas da imis gaanalizebas<br />

cdilobs, sad ascda mTavar gzas;<br />

ra iyo mizani, riskenac midioda da<br />

ramdenad iyo es is, rac mas marTla<br />

sWirdeboda. maSinac ase moiqca, dajda<br />

da gaixsena _ jer megobrebis<br />

da ojaxis wevrebis rCeva-darigebebi,<br />

motiviT _ risTvis iklav Tavs,<br />

ras aTeneb Rameebs saministroSi;<br />

erTi komfortuli samsaxuri iSove<br />

da moiwyve cxovreba da a.S. mere<br />

muSaobis dros yvelaze didi imedgacruebebic<br />

gaaxsenda da miiRo gadawyvetileba<br />

_ iviwyebs idealizms<br />

da xdeba absoluturad pragmatuli,<br />

karieraze orientirebuli,<br />

cota konformisti gogo. midis<br />

saswavleblad irlandiaSi, xarisxis,<br />

da SeiZleba momavali statusis<br />

mosapovebladac. mere brundeba<br />

ukan, Tbil da komfortul samsaxurSi,<br />

aranairi `Ramis Teneba~ da<br />

`samyaros SecvlisTvis brZola~. da<br />

wavida.<br />

delfti da `dialeqtikuri<br />

eqsperimenti~<br />

amasobaSi <strong>levan</strong>i prezidentis<br />

stipendianti xdeba da holandia-<br />

Si, delftis universitetSi arqiteqturis<br />

fakultetze magistris<br />

xarisxis mosapoveblad midis. pirvel<br />

rigSi imis anazRaureba unda,<br />

rac akademiaSi gamotova. arqiteqturis,<br />

urbanizmis Teoria unda<br />

iswavlos da mis mTavar kiTxvebze<br />

pasuxebi ipovos; sworia Tu ara arqiteqturis<br />

avtonomiuri aRqma da<br />

istoria<br />

ra kavSiri aqvs xelovnebis sxvadasxva<br />

mimarTulebebs erTmaneT-<br />

Tan. `vxvdebodi, rom arqiteqtura<br />

xelovnebis sxvadasxva mimarTulebas<br />

da bevr teqnikur specialobas<br />

aerTianebs. mindoda, gamego, ra<br />

wertilSi gadakveTdnen es absoluturad<br />

gansxvavebuli dargebi<br />

erTmaneTs, Tundac proeqtze mu-<br />

Saobis dros~. akademiaSi ki aseTi<br />

davalebebi hqondaT xolme. mocemuloba:<br />

skolis proeqti. raRac N<br />

farTobze, N raodenobis saklaso<br />

oTaxiT da a.S. magram arasdros<br />

icodnen, sad igeboda skolis Senoba,<br />

rogori dasaxlebuli iyo<br />

teritoria, rogori xalxi cxovrobda,<br />

ra problemebi hqondaT.<br />

`es Zalian mniSvnelovani detalebia.<br />

gamodis ar vfiqrobdiT, rom<br />

am proeqtebs Cven realurad adamianebisTvis<br />

vakeTebdiT~.<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 96<br />

CvenTan, sivrce socialuri kuTvnilebaa. magitom<br />

miyvars es TviTSeqmnili naxalovka. iq Cven uaxles<br />

istorias waikiTxav _ rogor agebdnen adamianebi<br />

saxlebs, ra masalebs iyenebdnen da rogor dizains<br />

irCevdnen. es aris swored is kulturuli muxti,<br />

romelic kargad iq Cans, sadac kontroli naklebia da<br />

metia Tavisufleba.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 31

istoria<br />

32 cxeli Sokoladi

Zola TavisuflebisTvis<br />

avtori: nino jafiaSvili<br />

foto: gogi cagareli, iuri meCiTovi<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 33<br />

soxumi 1992

istoria<br />

`erT ambavs getyvi, kargad rom<br />

mixvde, ra sigiJeSi vcxovrobdiT<br />

90-ian wlebSi, _ meubneba Toma da<br />

ecineba, _ rodesac SevardnaZe saqarTveloSi<br />

Camovida, kitovani<br />

mivida da uTxra, _ atomuri bombi<br />

maqvso. SevardnaZem jaba daibara<br />

da sruliad seriozulad hkiTxa:<br />

kitovani ase ambobs da, marTla<br />

rame xom ar aqvso? me vici, rom saqarTveloSi<br />

rusebs egeTi araferi<br />

hqoniaTo~.<br />

sicils ucbad wyvets, aRarc am<br />

istoriis moyolas agrZelebs da<br />

Cemi iq yofna droebiT aviwydeba.<br />

ramdenime wamSi spontanuri fiqrebidan<br />

gamofxizlebuli xmamaRla<br />

meubneba: `ici, ratom unda vicodeT,<br />

rogorebi viyaviT axlo warsulSi?<br />

imitom, rom me, magaliTad, ar var<br />

darwmunebuli, rom Cven Tu es daviviwyeT,<br />

sazogadoeba aRarasodes<br />

gaimeorebs imas, rac Caidina, ar var<br />

darwmunebuli, rom qarTvelebi kidev<br />

erTxel ar daangreven sakuTar<br />

qveyanas sakuTari xeliT~.<br />

Toma CageliSvils, TiTqmis aTi<br />

welia, vicnob da rac vicnob, sul<br />

saqarTvelos uaxles istoriaSi iqeqeba.<br />

ar meguleba am bneli da sastiki<br />

epoqis arc erTi mTavari moqmedi<br />

piri, romelsac piradad ar Sexvedria<br />

da saaTobiT ar usaubria. rom<br />

hkiTxoT, dawvrilebiT agixsniT,<br />

rogor miviReT damoukidebloba<br />

ise, rom arc ki gagvigia, mogiyvebaT,<br />

rogor gaatara saqarTvelos pirvelma<br />

prezidentma Tavisi ukanaskneli<br />

dReebi, ratom daeca soxumi an<br />

ratom esrodnen qarTvelebi erTmaneTs<br />

zurgSi; rogor eyo Tbilisis<br />

da afxazeTis omiT daRlil qveyanas<br />

da xalxs Zala, gangsteruli epoqis-<br />

Tvisac gaeZlo, rogor ibrZoda Cveni<br />

saamayo kulturuli elita privilegiebisTvis,<br />

roca dasWirdaT rusebis<br />

mier darigebuli avtomatebiT xelSi.<br />

im istoriebis nawili, romelic<br />

Tomam detalurad Seiswavla, mis<br />

satelevizio filmebSi moxvda, nawilic<br />

_ `cxeli SokoladisTvis~ Caweril<br />

am interviuSi.<br />

SeiZleba Tqven es periodi kargad<br />

34 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

gaxsovT, me bevri rame daviwyebuli<br />

mqonda, didi nawili ki arc vicodi.<br />

ubralod, ar damviwyebia, im radikaluri<br />

dapirispirebis dros romel<br />

mxares videqi, da ganvicdi amas,<br />

Tumca zustad aseve Semrcxveboda,<br />

sapirispiro mxares rom vmdgariyavi.<br />

mokled, Tu Tqven rodesme am periodis<br />

gaxseneba dagWirdebaT, gecodinebaT,<br />

rom am saubris Canaweri<br />

SeiZleba amaSi dagexmaroT. Tavad<br />

mixvdebiT, ra gadavlaxeT, ra gavacnobiereT,<br />

ras aRar CavidenT da<br />

dRemde ra ar Segvifasebia. mixvdebiT,<br />

rogorc erma da qveyanam, risi<br />

Sansi gavuSviT xelidan, da jer kidev<br />

risi Secvla SegviZlia.<br />

Toma, ra xdeba saqarTveloSi maSin,<br />

rodesac sabWoTa kavSiri iSleba?<br />

rodesac cvlilebebis qarma dabera<br />

da mosaxleobas Tavisi azris gamoTqmis<br />

saSualeba mieca, qarTvelma<br />

xalxma konkretulad da mkafiod<br />

ganacxada: Cven gvinda damoukidebloba.<br />

es iyo mTavari dakveTa.<br />

im periodSi qveyanas isev komunisturi<br />

elita marTavda, Tumca<br />

ukve Candnen isinic, vinc saqarTvelos<br />

damoukideblobaze xmamaRla<br />

daiwyes laparaki.<br />

vin aris es xalxi?<br />

profesorebidan dawyebuli kanonieri<br />

qurdebiT damTavrebuli.<br />

zviadi, qarTvelTa saTayvanebeli<br />

mwerlis konstantine gamsaxurdias<br />

Svilia, misi, rbilad rom vTqvaT,<br />

Secdomebi mxolod viwro disidenturma<br />

wreebma ician. akaki baqraZis<br />

leqciebze auditoriebSi teva ar<br />

aris, nodar naTaZe universitetis<br />

profesoria, irakli baTiaSvili<br />

elituri ojaxis Svilia, irakli wereTeli,<br />

disidenturi saqmianobis<br />

gamo, axali gamosulia sapatimrodan.<br />

mokled, yvela ganaTlebuli<br />

adamiania, raRac TvalsazrisiT _<br />

elitis wevric.<br />

am wreSi udidesi avtoritetiT<br />

sargeblobs merab kostava. is principebisTvis<br />

mebrZoli adamiania, 10<br />

weli gadasaxlebaSi, cixeebSi gaata-<br />

ra, mxolod da mxolod imitom, rom<br />

komunistebis winaSe bodiSi ar moixada,<br />

formaluradac ki.<br />

gia Wanturia, romelic momaval-<br />

Si yvelaze Zlier partias qmnis da<br />

jaba ioseliani _ profesori, yofili<br />

kanonieri qurdi. mokled, isini<br />

ar arian ubralo adamianebi.<br />

ai, es aris Cveni momavali politikuri<br />

elita, romelsac komunisturi<br />

partia male mmarTvelobas<br />

aCuqebs. ai, es adamianebi hpirdebian<br />

qarTvel xalxs, rom damoukideblobamde<br />

miiyvanen. magram saqme isaa,<br />

rom maT Tavad ar sjeraT imis, rasac<br />

xalxs hpirdebian, ar sjeraT,<br />

rom saqarTvelos damoukidebloba<br />

realuria.<br />

ai, erTi magaliTi amis sailustraciod:<br />

zviad gamsaxurdia ukve<br />

uzenaesi sabWos Tavmjdomarea,<br />

misi moadgile akaki asaTiani moskovSi,<br />

gorbaCovTan Sexvedraze Cadis.<br />

akaki asaTiani miyveba: `vxedav, rom<br />

kremlSi aranairi wesrigi, aranairi<br />

simkacre ar aris, visac saidan unda,<br />

iqidan Semodis, saidanac unda, gadis,<br />

Cans, rom moSlilia mTeli sistema.<br />

Camovedi da zviads veubnebi:<br />

`zviad, sabWoTa kavSiri iSleba! man<br />

ki bolomde ver daijera~.<br />

radgan politikur elitas ar<br />

sjera imis, rom sabWoTa kavSiri<br />

SeiZleba Zalian male daiSalos, arc<br />

imis sjera, rom male xelisufleba-<br />

Si mova da amitom pasuxismgebloba<br />

saerTod ara aqvs da es aris yvelaze<br />

tragikuli.<br />

ra saWiro iyo amdeni laparaki damoukideblobaze,<br />

sabWoTa kavSiri am<br />

dros xom Tavisi sikvdiliT kvdeba?<br />

magas maSin veravin xedavda. Tavad<br />

amboben, rom rodesac erovnuli<br />

moZraoba daiwyes, aravin fiqrobda,<br />

rom xval parlamentis wevrebi,<br />

premier-ministrebi, prezidentebi<br />

gaxdebodnen; ar egonaT, rom mTavrobaSi<br />

movidodnen.<br />

ra lozungebi aqvT, rogor undaT,<br />

rom damoukideblobas miaRwion?<br />

unda SeeqmnaT erovnuli kongre-

Tbilisi 1988<br />

aprili, Tbilisi 1989<br />

istoria<br />

Tbilisi 1990<br />

aprili, Tbilisi 1989<br />

merab kostavas dakrZalva, Tbilisi 1990

istoria<br />

si, anu komunistebis alternatiuli<br />

xelisufleba, Tumca konkretulad<br />

ra unda ekeTebina kongress, kaci-<br />

Svilma ar icoda.<br />

amave dros saSineli radikalebi<br />

iyvnen, baltiispirelebi, vinc im<br />

dros damoukideblobisken arCevnebis<br />

gziT midioda, aq sasacilod<br />

aigdes. arCevnebi qarTvelebisTvis<br />

xelisuflebasTan alianss niSnavda.<br />

is xalxi, vinc ambobda, _ monawileoba<br />

unda miviRoT arCevnebSio,<br />

moRalateebad gamoacxades.<br />

1990 wlis martSi arCevnebi mar-<br />

Tlac CaiSala da komunistebs xelisuflebaSi<br />

yofna TiTqmis erTi<br />

wliT gauxangrZlivdaT.<br />

ratom viyaviT Cven politikurad<br />

aseTi umwifrebi da axlomxedvelebi?<br />

erTaderTi obieqturi mizezi,<br />

riTac SeiZleba es umwifroba gavamarTloT,<br />

isaa, rom 200 weli ar<br />

vicodiT, ra iyo saxelmwifoebrioba.<br />

Cven ngrevis specialistebi aRmovCndiT,<br />

imitom rom ar vicodiT<br />

Seneba.<br />

90-ian wlebSi mTel msoflio-<br />

Si saqarTvelo xdeba rekordsmeni<br />

ekonomikis ngreviT, Cven da tajikeTi.<br />

91-dan 93 wlamde, 3 weliwadSi<br />

saqarTvelom 50 wliT ukan daixia.<br />

am gamoucdelobis gamo, am etapze<br />

ra Secdomebi mogvdis da risi Secvlis<br />

Sanss vuSvebT xelidan?<br />

qveyanaSi maSin ori Zalaa. axali<br />

politikuri elita, romelic<br />

Zalian popularulia, laparakobs<br />

sanukvar miznebze, magram aranairi<br />

kompromisis gagoneba ar unda da<br />

marto gmirobis Cadenaze fiqrobs.<br />

meore mxares arian komunistebi,<br />

romlebic viTom gamocdilebi<br />

arian, viTom ician qveynis marTva,<br />

magram isinic arafris maqnisebi aRmoCndnen,<br />

sakuTar Tavsac ki ver uSveles.<br />

amave dros 9 aprilis Semdeg<br />

sruliad diskreditebulebi arian.<br />

maSin saqarTveloSi 300 aTasze<br />

meti komunisti iyo da isini arCevnebSi<br />

xmas mrgval magidas aZlevdnen,<br />

imitom rom sakuTari Tavis ar<br />

36 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

sjerodaT, Zalian degradirebulebi<br />

da demoralizebulebi iyvnen.<br />

mTavari Secdoma is iyo, rom verc<br />

axalma, verc politikurma elitam,<br />

romelic unda mosuliyo xelisuflebaSi,<br />

da verc komunistebma,<br />

romlebic jer kidev xelisuflebaSi<br />

iyvnen, ver gaiTavisa pasuxismgebloba.<br />

swored amis gamo, Cveni<br />

qveyana sul male faqtobrivad<br />

daingra.<br />

raSi gamoixateba es upasuxismgebloba,<br />

sad Cans, rom politikosebi<br />

ar fiqroben sakuTari nabijebis Sedegebze?<br />

magaliTad: maSindeli gazeTi `komunisti~,<br />

da es ar iyo SemTxveviTi<br />

gamocema, sruliad seriozulad<br />

werda: araqarTvel mosaxleobas<br />

unda avukrZaloT erT Svilze metis<br />

gaCenis uflebao, _ da es sazogadoebis<br />

ganxilvis Tema gaxda.<br />

ganwyoba aseTi iyo: saqarTvelo<br />

varT Cven _ qarTvelebi da sxvebis<br />

_ afxazebis, osebis, azerbaijanelebis,<br />

somxebis, rusebis gadasawyveti<br />

ar aris, rogor unda vicxovroT. me<br />

maxsovs, osuri organizacia `adamon<br />

nixasis~ erT-erT gancxadebaze<br />

irakli wereTelma mitingze Tqva:<br />

`eseni viRa arian, amaTi saqme isea,<br />

kum fexi gamoyoo~, anu osebi sasacilod<br />

aigdo. maSindeli erovnuli<br />

moZraoba sxva erebis mimarT siZulvils<br />

Tesavda. araferi ar moxdeboda<br />

am xalxs rom dalaparakebodnen,<br />

magram fexebze ekidaT is, ras ake-<br />

Tebdnen, emociebiT xelmZRvanelobdnen.<br />

Cveni pirveli prezidenti<br />

gaxda adamiani, romelic afxazebs<br />

eubneboda: Tqven rogorc eri ar<br />

arsebobT da Tu TviTgamokveva gindaT,<br />

wadiT da CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi<br />

gamoerkvieTo.<br />

rodesac gamsaxurdia xelisuflebaSi<br />

movida, siebi Seadgines da osebs<br />

samsaxuridan erekebodnen. gamsaxurdias<br />

xelisuflebam bakurianSi<br />

10-15 sofeli 48 saaTSi dacala<br />

osebisgan. igive xdeboda kaxeTSic.<br />

Cveni sazogadoebis umravlesoba<br />

amas mxars uWerda, moswondaT ose-<br />

bs rom erekebodnen, Zalian moswondaT,<br />

roca afxazebs vCagravdiT.<br />

rogori iyo amaze afxazebis da osebis<br />

pasuxi, aris Tu ara maTi politikuri<br />

elita ufro brZeni?<br />

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlisas, rogorc<br />

Cven veZebdiT axal adgils,<br />

aseve eZebdnen isinic axal sasicocxlo<br />

sivrces. Cven rom saerTo<br />

ena mogveZebna, orivesTvis kargi<br />

iqneboda, magram Cveni politikuri<br />

elita erTnairi iyo _ sadac qar-<br />

Tvelebi osebs jobnidnen, iq osebs<br />

erekebodnen, sadac osebi qarTvelebs<br />

_ qarTvelebs erekebodnen. igive<br />

xdeboda afxazeTSic. gudauTidan<br />

qarTvelebi morbodnen, soxumidan<br />

afxazebi garbodnen.<br />

erTnairi umecrebaa samive mxares.<br />

Cvenc, osebic da afxazebic erTnairi<br />

qajebi viyaviT da erTmaneTi<br />

gvZulda.<br />

Tumca imis paralelurad, rom<br />

qarTvelebi osebs da afxazebs upirispirdebian,<br />

dapirispireba dawyebulia<br />

Tavad erovnuli moZraobis<br />

SigniT. ratom?<br />

radikaluri dapirispireba mas Semdeg<br />

daiwyo, rac gamsaxurdiam ganacxada,<br />

rom 1990 wlis gazafxulze<br />

uzenaesi sabWos arCevnebSi miiRebda<br />

monawileobas. opoziciam gamsaxurdias<br />

es gadawyvetileba did<br />

Secdomad da kremlis TamaSSi monawileobad<br />

Seafasa. Wanturiam gamoacxada,<br />

rom gamsaxurdia da SevardnaZe<br />

aliansSi arian, gamsaxurdia<br />

kremlis agentia. gamsaxurdia igives<br />

ambobda Wanturiaze, dapirispireba<br />

TandaTan Rrmavdeboda.<br />

maSin sazogadoebam arCevani gamsaxurdias<br />

sasargeblod gaakeTa.<br />

imave wlis 26 maiss lokomotivis<br />

stadionze gamsaxurdias mxardasa-<br />

Werad Zalian bevri xalxi mivida,<br />

gamsaxurdia xelSi aitaces da ise<br />

Semoatares wre. ai, maSin iqca zviad<br />

gamsaxurdia beladad.<br />

opozicia mixvda, rom qarTuli<br />

sazogadoebis didi nawili gamsaxurdias<br />

mxares iyo.

Tbilisis samoqalaqo omi, 1991<br />

Tbilisis samoqalaqo omi, 1991<br />

1990<br />

Tbilisis samoqalaqo omi, 1991<br />

Tbilisi, 1996

istoria<br />

amitom 1990 wlis 30 oqtombers<br />

gamsaxurdia Tamamad wavida arCevnebze<br />

da gaimarjva kidec, Tumca<br />

bedis ironia isaa, rom gamsaxurdias<br />

egona, umciresobaSi iqneboda.<br />

mrgval magidas egona, rom<br />

komunistebis opoziciaSi iqneboda.<br />

rodesac arCevnebis Sedegebi<br />

gamoacxades, gamsaxurdias pirveli<br />

sityvebi iyo: `axla ra vqnaT~?!<br />

xelisuflebaSi mosvla pasuxismgeblobas<br />

niSnavda.<br />

gamsaxurdia xelisuflebaSi noemberSi<br />

movida, dekemberSi ki ukve<br />

problemebi hqonda oseTSic da<br />

afxazeTSic.<br />

pirveli, rac erovnulma mTavrobam<br />

gaakeTa, uari Tqva axal samokavSireo<br />

xelSekrulebaze, romlis<br />

gaformebasac mixail gorbaCovi<br />

cdilobda.<br />

axali samokavSireo xelSekruleba<br />

ganaxlebuli sabWoTa kavSiris Seqmnas<br />

gulisxmobda.<br />

kremlSi Sexvedrisas gorbaCovma<br />

akaki asaTians hkiTxa: rad gindaT<br />

damoukidebloba? akaki asaTiani pasuxobs,<br />

_ gulwrfelad rom vTqva,<br />

minda, rom Cemma Svilma rukaze naxos<br />

Tavisi qveyana. es Cveni dapireba<br />

iyo da amaze uars ver vityvi-<br />

To. akaki asaTiani miyveba: `erTxans<br />

miyura gorbaCovma da mere miTxra:<br />

iseTi rame ar gaakeToT, rom ukan<br />

dasaxevi gza ar daitovoT, erTi aTi<br />

wlis Semdeg saqme SeiZleba ise wavides,<br />

rom damoukideblobaze xeli<br />

Tavad mogiweroT. me vkiTxe, _ mixail<br />

sergeeviC, Tqven fiqrobT, rom<br />

aTi wlis Semdeg sabWoTa kavSiri<br />

aRar iarsebebs? Черт его знает! _ mipasuxa<br />

man~.<br />

am etapze Cans Tu ara saqarTveloSi<br />

dasavleTis interesebi, Tu saqarTvelo<br />

isev mxolod ruseTis anabaraa?<br />

jorj buSma, romelic maSin<br />

ukrainaSi Cavida, calsaxad Tqva,<br />

rom amerika mxars ar uWerda sabWoTa<br />

kavSiris daSlas. Cven gvinda,<br />

rom es qveyana demokratiuli gaxdeso,<br />

_ ambobs igi. am etapze saqar-<br />

Tvelosac Zalian gasagebad uTxres,<br />

38 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

rom Tqven ar gangixilavT rogorc<br />

damoukidebel qveyanas sabWoTa kav-<br />

Siris gareTo.<br />

Tavad sabWoTa kavSirs da gorba-<br />

Covs ki saqme cudad hqondaT. maSin<br />

gorbaCovi cdilobda, rom respublikebi<br />

axal samokavSireo xel-<br />

Sekrulebis xelmoweraze daeTanxmebina<br />

da acxadebda, rom am dokuments<br />

xeli ara marto respublikebma, aramed<br />

avtonomiebmac unda moawerono.<br />

gorbaCovma avtonomiebi saxelmwifoebs<br />

daupirispira. da amiT man<br />

avtonomiebi ruseTs iseve aufeTqa,<br />

rogorc saqarTvelos.<br />

gorbaCovs, romelsac sabWoTa kavSiris<br />

gadarCena undoda, safrTxe<br />

pirvel rigSi ruseTidan emuqreboda.<br />

boris elcini da ruseTis axali<br />

politikuri elita ambobda, _ Cven<br />

Cveni qveyana gvaqvs gadasarCeni da<br />

ar gvWirdeba respublikebi, romlebsac<br />

resursebi unda gavuyoT, maT-<br />

Tan Tanabaruflebian urTierTobas<br />

avawyobTo. elcinsa da gorbaCovs<br />

Soris Zalian mwvave dapirispirebaa.<br />

warmoidgineT, ruseTis prezidents<br />

manqanis sawvavs da saburavebs ar aZlevdnen.<br />

am politikur brZolaSi elcini<br />

gamsaxurdias kargi mokavSire SeiZleba<br />

yofiliyo da iyo kidec. elcini<br />

rom ruseTis prezidenti gaxda,<br />

mis banketze Tamada gamsaxurdia<br />

iyo. Rvinoebi da koniakebi qarTvelebma<br />

Caitanes. elcini Tanaxma iyo<br />

oseTis avtonomiuri olqis gauqmebaze<br />

da gamsaxurdias SeuTanxmda,<br />

rom kavkasiaSi saerTo politikas<br />

gaatarebdnen. Tumca es urTier-<br />

Toba gamsaxurdias dudaevTan megobrobam<br />

gaafuWa. gamsaxurdiam<br />

elcinis saxiT mokavSire dakarga<br />

da uneblieT aRmoCnda saqarTvelo<br />

gorbaCovis TamaSSi CarTuli.<br />

rogor transformirda damoukideblobisTvis<br />

brZolis idea ZalauflebisTvis<br />

brZolad, rogor mivida<br />

ase mokle droSi qveyana samoqalaqo<br />

omamde?<br />

zviad gamsaxurdiasTvis da mTeli<br />

saqarTvelosTvis 1991 wlis 2 se-<br />

qtemberi gadamwyveti aRmoCnda. im<br />

dRes giorgi Wanturia kinos saxlis<br />

win mitings marTavda. iq maqsimum<br />

200 kaci idga. axlac maxsovs kinos<br />

saxlidan rusTavelis Zeglamde sivrce<br />

Sevsebuli ar yofila. arc gza<br />

iyo gadaketili.<br />

kacma ar icis ratom, gamsaxurdiam<br />

mitingis daSla gadawyvita, darbevisas<br />

pistoletebidan gaisroles<br />

da ramdenime adamiani daiWra kidec.<br />

9 aprilis mere qarTul sazogadoebaSi<br />

mitingis daSla 9 aprilis<br />

tolfas danaSaulad iTvleboda.<br />

1989 wlis Semdeg mitingi saqarTveloSi<br />

arasdros aravis dauSlia.<br />

axla kidev erTi SemTxveva, 7 noemberic<br />

gamaxsenda.<br />

mgoni, marTla asea. mokled 91<br />

wlis 2 seqtembers qarTvelebisTvis<br />

TiTqmis 9 aprili gameorda.<br />

am dRidan moyolebuli ise swrafad<br />

ganviTarda yvelaferi, rom veravin<br />

moaswro azrze mosvla. 4 Tve-<br />

Si ise airia situacia, rom ZaRli<br />

patrons veRar cnobda. yoveldRe<br />

Cxubebi, Setakebebi, mitingebze Tavpiris<br />

lewva, saSineli ganukiTxaoba<br />

xdeboda.<br />

opozicias axali liderebi gamouCnda<br />

_ Tengiz kitovani da Tengiz<br />

sigua _ gamsaxurdias yofili<br />

premier-ministri da sardali, romlebic<br />

mxolod da mxolod imaze<br />

iyvnen nawyenebi, rom Tanamdebobebi<br />

dakarges. veravin ityvis, rom isini<br />

politikuri ideebisTvis an idealebisTvis<br />

ibrZodnen.<br />

imis gamo, rom kitovans jari<br />

hyavda, masTan da siguasTan gaer-<br />

Tianda mTeli opoziciac. aqve idga<br />

kulturuli da inteleqtualuri<br />

elitac, romelic ambobda: CvenTan<br />

aris simarTle da samarTali, gamsaxurdia<br />

aris sibnele. gamsaxurdias<br />

winaaRmdeg isini sityviTac<br />

ibrZodnen da kalaSnikovebiTac,<br />

maT iseve miiRes monawileoba qveynis<br />

dangrevaSi, rogorc yvela danarCenebma.<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 99

soxumi 1993 afxazeTi 1993<br />

afxazeTi 1992<br />

soxumi 1992<br />

soxumi 1993

interviu<br />

arseni roginski:<br />

ruseTSi ar arsebobs politikuri sivrce<br />

avtori: nino beqiSvili<br />

SarSan noemberSi hainrih biolis fondma da germanuli<br />

saxalxo universitetebis asociaciam (dvv<br />

international) gamarTes erToblivi vorqSofi Temaze<br />

„saqarTvelos sabWoTa warsulis gaazreba“, sadac<br />

qarTvelebTan erTad monawileobdnen germaneli,<br />

baltiispireli da rusi sabWoTa istoriis specialistebi.<br />

vorqSofze moxseneba waikiTxa cnobilma<br />

rusma disidentma, adamianis uflebebis damcvelma<br />

da istorikosma arseni roginskim. misi moxseneba<br />

stalinizmis gaazrebis rusul diskurss Seexeboda.<br />

arseni roginski gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebidan<br />

ikvlevs sabWoTa terors, aris araerTi krebulis<br />

avtori da redaqtori, uflebadacviTi organizaciis<br />

„memorialis“ erT-erTi damaarsebeli da gamgeobis<br />

wevri.<br />

interviu arseni roginskisTan swored vorqSofis<br />

Semdeg CavwereT.<br />

40 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

Tqven stalinizmis mkvlevari xarT. rogor SeiZleba axsnaT<br />

Tanamedrove ruseTSi stalinis popularoba?<br />

ruseTSi stalinis maRali reitingis Sesaxeb sayovel-<br />

Taodaa cnobili. es ambavi normalur adamians, cxadia,<br />

SokSi agdebs. imasac getyviT, rom sinamdvileSi stalinma<br />

satelevizio konkursSi „ruseTis saxeli“, mesame ki ara,<br />

pirveli adgili daikava. im adamianebis ricxvi, vinc dRevandel<br />

ruseTSi stalins ukanaskneli saukuneebis yvelaze<br />

ufro warmatebul adamianad Tvlis, marTlac didia _<br />

ruseTis mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 53 procenti. am dros<br />

amave mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 70 procenti stalinur<br />

represiebs gaumarTleblad miiCnevs. da es Sizofrenia<br />

ar aris, ase paradoqsuladaa mowyobili dRevandeli ruseTis<br />

sazogadoebrivi cnobiereba.<br />

amis mizezi, upirveles yovlisa, rusuli sazogadoebrivi<br />

cnobierebis formirebaSia saZebni, rac gasuli<br />

saukunis 90-ian wlebSi, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlasTan er-

Tad daiwyo. ssrk-s daSlas maSin jer kidev aravin uwodebda<br />

„did geopolitikur katastrofas“, rogorc Semdgom<br />

daarqva putinma. istoriuli mexsierebis afeTqeba,<br />

romelic „perestroikis“ wlebs mohyva da rogorc maSin<br />

gveCveneboda, axali istoriuli realoba Seqmna, maleve<br />

CaCumda mravali mizezis gamo, gansakuTrebiT ki imis<br />

gamo, rom ruseTSi adamianebma dakarges socialuri statusi,<br />

amas mohyva sakmaod mtkivneuli reformebi, sayovelTao<br />

qaosi. daisva SekiTxva _ „vin varT? adre sabWoTa<br />

adamianebi viyaviT. dRes vin varT?“ am kiTxvaze pasuxi<br />

advilad moZebnes saqarTveloSi, litvaSi, yirgizeTSi _<br />

ssrk-s SemadgenlobaSi Semaval yvela respublikaSi. rusebi<br />

ki ver daeyrdnen rsfsr-s identobas. rsfsr-s istoria<br />

masaTa cnobierebaSi ar iyo gamoyofili sabWoTa<br />

kavSiris da ruseTis imperiis istoriisgan. „vin varT“ _<br />

am kiTxvaze pasuxis Ziebisas xalxi nel-nela gadaixara sabWoTa<br />

warsulisken da gansakuTrebiT breJnevis drosken,<br />

roca garkveuli stabiluroba iyo. amas daerTo erTi faqtic:<br />

maSin, 90-ianebSi, imdroindeli qaosiT Sewuxebul<br />

rusebs yofili sabWoTa respublikebis, gansakuTrebiT,<br />

baltielebisgan wamosulma pretenziebma nacionaluri<br />

wyena gauCina: „guSin erTad viyaviT, dRes ki gamodis, rom<br />

yvelaferSi damnaSaveebi Cven varT. Tanac isini, Cvenze<br />

ukeT cxovrobdnen, iq Saqari 90 kapiki Rirda, CvenTan _<br />

98“. ra moxda respublikebSi? isini amboben, Cven gvqonda<br />

didi istoria, movidnen bolSevikebi da dagvipyres, da<br />

axla gavTavisufldiT _ swored amis sapasuxod gaCnda<br />

ruseTSi Zlieri nacionaluri wyena da kompleqsi: „guSin<br />

pativs gvcemdnen da dRes vezizRebiT“. roca baltielebi<br />

da polonelebi amboben, _ rusebma faSistebi gayares<br />

da TviTon dagvipyreso _ es absoluturad gaugebaria<br />

rusebisTvis, romlebic Tvlian, rom berlinSi midiodnen<br />

da gzad moZme erebi gaaTavisufles. roca ruseTSi gaiges,<br />

rom saqarTveloSi okupaciis muzeumi gaixsna, es maT<br />

udides Seuracxyofad miiRes.<br />

Zlieri xelis, stabilurobis, nacionaluri siamayis<br />

moTxovnileba xalxSi TandaTan ufro Zlierdeboda da<br />

es yvelaferi nel-nela miiwevda sabWoTa warsulisken.<br />

elcins ar surda sabWoTa warsulze dadebiT konteqst-<br />

Si saubari da moifiqra, rom Cven gmiruli warsuli 1917<br />

wlamde gvqonda, da amitom, unda gvyvareboda stolipini,<br />

aleqsandre meore da sxva... xalxma es saerTod ver<br />

gaigo. movida putini da Zalian martivi da pirdapiri<br />

pasuxi gasca xalxs: „Tqven didi ruseTis Svilebi xarT,<br />

Tqven ssrk-s memkvidreeebi xarT. Tqven unda iamayoT<br />

ssrk-Ti, Cven davamarcxeT faSizmi, Cven ukan mxolod gamarjvebebia<br />

da a.S.“. es mSvenivrad gaigo xalxma. putinis<br />

roli ruseTis dRevandel prostalinistur ideologia-<br />

Si Zalian didia, magram es politikac garkveuli sazogadoebrivi<br />

SekveTis sapasuxod gaCnda. aRarafers vambob<br />

sabWoTa simbolikis dabrunebaze, es isedac cnobilia.<br />

2003 wels putini Sexvda rus istorikosebs da Tqva, _<br />

Cven didi istoria gvqonda da am gmiruli istoriis ma-<br />

interviu<br />

galiTze unda aRvzardoT axali Taoba, rusi eris mTavari<br />

gamarjveba faSizmze gamarjvebaao. 2005 wlis gamarjvebis<br />

wlisTavi mTeli qveynisTvis sayovelTao „vaSad“<br />

iqca, ris fasad, rogor gavimarjveT, amaze, rogorc wesi,<br />

ar laparakoben.<br />

dRevandeli rusuli cnobiereba winaaRmdegobrivia:<br />

ruseTi _ Tan ssrk-s gamgrZelebelia, Tan im danaSaulebebze,<br />

rac sabWoTa xelisuflebam Caidina, pasuxismgeblobis<br />

aReba ar unda. oficialuri propaganda ambobs: Cven<br />

mivdivarT gamarjvebebisken da Tan mtrebiT varT garSemortymuli,<br />

qveynis SigniTac arian mtrebi _ magaliTad<br />

Cven, uflebadamcvelebi, mTeli „memoriali“. Tanamedrove<br />

rusul saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi asea aRwerili:<br />

terori cudia da msxverpli gvecodeba, magram ai, ase-<br />

Ti fasi gadavixadeT Cveni didi modernizaciisTviso. am<br />

fonze ucnaurad gamoiyureboda medvedevis gamosvla,<br />

roca man stalinis terori axsena da Tqva, rom teroriT<br />

aranairi modernizaciis gamarTleba ar SeiZleba.<br />

is, rom istorikosebi raimes daweren da es rusi xalxis<br />

cnobierebaze ramenairad aisaxeba, Cven ukve gaviareT.<br />

istorikosebma simarTle daweres, uamravi wigni gamoica,<br />

magram moqalaqeebis tvinebze amas aranairi gavlena ar<br />

mouxdenia. ruseTSi mecnierebasa da sazogado cnobierebas<br />

Soris udidesi ufskrulia da arc raime pozitiuri<br />

cvlilebebi Cans am mxriv.<br />

rogori gavlena hqonda politikur cxovrebaze 2008<br />

wlis agvistos movlenebs? ra Seicvala ruseTSi amis Semdeg?<br />

politikuri cxovrebis cudi damkvirvebeli var. magram<br />

meCveneba, rom agvistos oms didi gavlena ar mouxdenia<br />

ruseTis politikur cxovrebaze. ganaTlebul elitas<br />

am omma moutana kidev erTi didi imedgacrueba xelisuflebis<br />

mimarT da aseTi xalxi ruseTSi cota ar aris.<br />

mosaxleobis udidesi nawili ki mTlianad TanaugrZnobda<br />

mTavrobas da gulwrfelad dResaswaulobda gamarjvebas.<br />

omis dReebSi saavadmyofoSi viweqi, 6 agvistos operacia<br />

gavikeTe da loginidan ver vdgebodi. es Cveulebrivi,<br />

rkinigzelTa saavadmyofo iyo, sadac ubralo<br />

adamianebi mkurnaloben. palatebSi televizorebi ar<br />

idga, pacientebi koridorSi gadiodnen televizoris<br />

sayureblad da iqidan maTi SeZaxilebi mesmoda, _ „vaSa!<br />

vaSa!~ Semdeg palataSi Semobrunebulebi didxans laparakobdnen<br />

amaze, Zalian uxarodaT rusuli iaraRis gamarjveba.<br />

mxiarulobdnen, karg ganwyobaze iyvnen. ar vici<br />

ramdeni xniT, magram am omma kidev ufro metad ganawyo<br />

xalxi mTavrobis mxardasaWerad. Tumca, mTavari idea is<br />

ar yofila, rom saqarTveloze gavimarjveT. amerikelebze<br />

gavimarjveTo, _ es iyo xazgasmuli da kidev erTxel<br />

afeTqda isedac Zlieri antiamerikanizmi. me ki Zalian<br />

mZime xasiaTze viyavi, palataSi radio mqonda da, roca<br />

medvedevis sityvebi gavigone osi eris genocidze, mar-<br />

Tla cudad gavxdi. es sityva xelisuflebisgan JRerda<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 41

interviu<br />

putini stalini ar aris. ruseTis mmarTvelebs surT, dasavlel liderebs<br />

daemsgavson. maT undaT, rom dasavleTma pativi sces, Tanac isini Zalian cinikurebi<br />

arian da ician, rom dasavleTi maT bevr rames apatiebs. SemTxveviT xom ar<br />

uswavliaT enebi? mmarTveli elitis Svilebic dasavleTSi swavloben, da maTi<br />

fulic dasavleTSia da ara CineTSi.<br />

rogorc ganaCeni. Zalian cud xasiaTze davdeqi, imis<br />

gamo ki ara, rom rusebma moiges es omi, warmoudgeneli<br />

agitacia-propagandis gamo, da imis gamoc, rom aranairi<br />

sociologiuri kvleva ar damWirvebia, iqve, saavadmyofoSi,<br />

Cem palataSi vnaxe, rogor kargad miiRo da rogor<br />

gaixara ubralo xalxma am yvelafriT. maSin kidev<br />

erTxel davinaxe cxadad, ramdenad Sors varT xalxisgan.<br />

saSineli gancda mqonda Cemi tankebis gamo sxvis miwaze.<br />

saSineli. magram esec, maSin, 2008 wlis agvistoSi ar yofila<br />

pirveli. daaxloebiT aseTive gancda mqonda meore<br />

CeCnuri omis dros. me arc evropel mSvidobismyofelebs<br />

vendobi, isinic raRac Tavis TamaSs TamaSoben. maxsovs,<br />

1999 wels, roca vesaubrebodi Cem megobar germanelebs<br />

da vlaparakobdiT imaze, rom miloSeviCi faSistia, vki-<br />

Txe, _ esTetikurad rogor warmogidgeniaT germanuli<br />

TviTmfrinavi belgradis Tavze-meTqi?<br />

uflebadamcvelebi „memorialidan“ maleve gamoemgzavrnen<br />

saqarTveloSi. me vende Cem kolegebsa da megobrebs,<br />

romlebmac Semdeg Tqves, rom pirveli gasrola<br />

saqarTvelos mxridan iyo. magram amas, mgoni, didi mniSvneloba<br />

ar aqvs. warmoidgineT ori adamiani, erTma meores<br />

mxari gakra, meorem ki sapasuxod _ uro Cakra TavSi.<br />

aseTi Tanafardobaa. saakaSvili rusul propagandaSi<br />

Zalian uaryofiTi figuraa da faSists eZaxian, da miuxedavad<br />

amisa, is CemSi simpaTias ar iwvevs. Tavidanve cxadi<br />

iyo, rom is populistia, populisti xelisuflebis<br />

saTaveSi ki yovelTvis upasuxismgebloa. meCveneba, rom<br />

am omma veranairi roli ver iTamaSa rusuli politikis<br />

ganviTarebaSi, roli iTamaSa xelisuflebis namdvilma<br />

sigiJem _ samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis aRiarebam, rac<br />

cxadia, omze mniSvnelovania. im fenisTvis, romelsac me<br />

vekuTvni, es omi kidev erTi mizezi iyo imedgacruebisa,<br />

Semdeg daiwyo krizisi da gamarjvebis ganwyoba Zalian<br />

male gauqra xalxs.<br />

Cveni mTavari monapovari postsabWoTa sivrceSi rusuli<br />

enaa da amas unda gavufrTxildeT. putins, rogorc<br />

Cans, hgonia, rom es patara sacodavi oseTi ufro mniSvnelovania,<br />

vidre is, rom saqarTvelom SeiZleba uari<br />

Tqvas rusul enaze. es imdenad sxvadasxva wonis ambebia,<br />

rom amis axsna sasacilocaa. magram dRevandeli ruseTis<br />

mmarTvelebs es ar esmiT.<br />

Tqven sabWoTa teroris mkvlevari xarT. SeiZleba Tu ara<br />

ruseTSi gaxSirebuli politikuri mkvlelobebis terorad<br />

aRqma?<br />

42 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

ara, es stalinuri terori namdvilad ar aris. yvela<br />

mkvlelobas sxvadasxva mizezi aqvs. ruseTis mosaxleobaSi<br />

urapatriotuli ganwyobebi izrdeba. gaCnda neonacisturi<br />

dajgufebebi. isini sakmaod bevrni arian, Tanac<br />

amgvari ganwyobebi yvela asakis mosaxleobaSia. neonacistebi<br />

fiqroben, rom xelisufleba maT mxars uWers, da<br />

garkveulwilad, arc cdebian. samarTaldamcavebi maT<br />

mimarT ufro simpaTiiT arian ganwyobilebi, vidre antipaTiiT.<br />

me mainc mgonia, rom xelisuflebis zeda eSelonebSi<br />

ukve xvdebian am saSiSroebis Sesaxeb. xvdebian,<br />

rom es ara sayrdeni, aramed saSiSroebaa ruseTisTvis.<br />

magram am neonacistur dajgufebebs Zlieri dasayrdeni<br />

aqvT armiasa da samarTaldamcavebSi. vfiqrob, rom<br />

stanislav markelovis mkvleloba marTlac neonacistebis<br />

xeliTaa gakeTebuli, radganac is Zalian aqtiurad<br />

ibrZoda maT winaaRmdeg. SeiZleba, swored maT mierac<br />

iyos mokluli, vinc am saqmezea dapatimrebuli. natalia<br />

estemirovas mkvlelobas sxva mizezi aqvs da pirdapir<br />

ukavSirdeba kadirovis reJims. natalia saocari adamiani<br />

iyo, mas hqonda gansakuTrebuli pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba.<br />

aseTi adamianebi axla Zalian cotani arian. roca<br />

groznoSi putinis saxeli daarqves prospeqts, is ubralod,<br />

aRar dadioda am quCaze. arsebobs aseTi Janri qalaquri<br />

winaaRmdegobisa _ magaliTad, faSisturi reJimis<br />

dros germaniaSi, miunxenSi faSisturi simbolo dadges<br />

da Zalian bevri germaneli gverds uvlida am adgils,<br />

specialuri, SemovliTi marSrutebi SeimuSaves. natalias<br />

ar esmoda miniSnebebisa, ara mxolod CeCneTSi, mTel ruseTSi<br />

saerTod, gavrcelebulia urTierTobis es forma.<br />

arsebobs raRac zRurbli, romelsac ar unda gadaabijo,<br />

aris raRac dauwereli kanonebi, rogor unda moiqce ama<br />

Tu im SemTxvevaSi. cxadia, am wesebs araferi aqvs saerTo<br />

kanonebTan. mas ar esmoda es ena. kadirovi yvelanairad<br />

ecdeba, rom misi sikvdili boevikebs daabralos. eseni,<br />

samiveni _ politkovskaia, markelovi da natalia Cemi<br />

axloblebi iyvnen. politkovskaia da markelovi xSirad<br />

dadiodnen „memorialSi“, ar iyvnen „memorialis“ wevrebi,<br />

magram axlos iyvnen CvenTan. natalia ki Cveni TanamSromeli<br />

iyo da es yvelaferi Zalian mtkivneulia. politkovskaia,<br />

markelovi, estemirova _ es rigi, ra Tqma unda,<br />

arsebobs. maTi mkvlelobebis mizezebi SeiZleba gansxvavebulia,<br />

magram erTi ram namdvilad aerTianebT: ramdenad<br />

saSiSia ruseTSi cxovreba, roca gakveul Temebs ikvlev<br />

da rusul nacionalistur cnobierebas exebi. sqema,<br />

romliTac ruseTis xelisufleba moqmedebs, namdvilad

stalinuria: gareSe mtrebis garemocva da mexuTe kolona<br />

qveynis SigniT. roca am sqemas masebi uWers mxars, da<br />

am masebSi kidev eqstremistuli dajgufebebi arsebobs,<br />

maSin yvelaferi SeiZleba moxdes da saSiSroeba marTlac<br />

realuria. es „civi omis“ klasikuri sabWoTa sqemaa.<br />

magram, meore mxriv, ruseTSi arsebobs damoukidebeli<br />

presa. rogor axerxebs is arsebobas?<br />

albaT dRevandel ruseTSi avtoritarizmi arc ise-<br />

Ti saSiSia. zustad ra SeiZleba ewodos dRevandeli<br />

ruseTis xelisuflebas, rogor SeiZleba aixsnas misi<br />

arsi, ar vici, Sesabamisi sityva jer ar mougonebiaT.<br />

putini stalini ar aris. ruseTis mmarTvelebs surT,<br />

dasavlel liderebs daemsgavson. maT undaT, rom dasavleTma<br />

pativi sces, Tanac isini Zalian cinikurebi<br />

arian da ician, rom dasavleTi maT bevr rames apatiebs.<br />

SemTxveviT xom ar uswavliaT enebi? mmarTveli elitis<br />

Svilebic dasavleTSi swavloben, da maTi fulic dasavleTSia<br />

da ara CineTSi. amitomac, imas, rac maT safr-<br />

Txes ar uqmniT, ase vTqvaT, itanen. ruseTi xom patara<br />

saqarTvelo ar aris! saqarTveloSi albaT erTi didtiraJiani<br />

opoziciuri gazeTic sakmarisi iqneba, ruseTis-<br />

Tvis ki ra aris erTi „exo moskvi“ da „novaia gazeta“?<br />

ramdenime milioni mkiTxveli da msmeneli _ es ruseTis<br />

mosaxleobis erTi procentia. me vfiqrob, rom ufro<br />

didi mniSvnelobisaa radio „Tavisufleba“, romelic<br />

ruseTSi gvarianad izRudeba, magaliTad, peterburgSi<br />

interviu<br />

radio „Tavisufleba“ mxolod mokle talRebze mauwyeblobs.<br />

erTi mxriv, xelisufleba amas imitom uSvebs,<br />

rom dasavleTs aCvenon, _ ai, CvenTan Tavisufali presa<br />

arsebobso. magram es mxolod erTi mxarea. mTavari isaa,<br />

rom damoukidebeli presis msmenelTa da mkiTxvelTa<br />

raodenoba ruseTis xelisuflebisTvis aranair safr-<br />

Txes ar warmoadgens. meinstrimi mTlianad iziarebs<br />

xelisuflebis politikas da nacionalur-patriotuladaa<br />

ganwyobili.<br />

„memoriali“ rogor daarsda? Tqveni organizacia, ukve<br />

20 welia, arsebobs da miuxedavad mravali winaaRmdegobisa,<br />

dRemde sakmao warmatebiTac moRvaweobT.<br />

garkveul xanamde qveyana cxovrobda ise, TiTqos stalinuri<br />

terori arc arsebula. 1987-88 wlebSi, maSin,<br />

roca sajarooba axali dawyebuli iyo, magram qveyanaSi<br />

jer ar arsebobda politikuri Tavisufleba, stalinuri<br />

teroris Temas ukve moexsna tabu da es sakiTxi aqtualuri<br />

gaxda. axalgazrdebis erTi jgufi xelmowerebs<br />

agrovebda teroris msxverplTa memorialebis dasadgmelad,<br />

teroris Semswavleli centrebis dasaarseblad,<br />

sadac iqneboda arqivi, muzeumi. `memorialis“ mTeli<br />

struqtura swored am axalgazrdebma moifiqres, romelTac<br />

manamde disidentur wreebTan aranairi kavSiri<br />

ar hqoniaT.<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 105<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 43

interviu<br />

interviu jeimz qarTerTan<br />

avtori: kaxa Tolordava<br />

foto: <strong>levan</strong> xerxeuliZe<br />

`swori notebis aReba<br />

yvelaferi araa, Tu suli<br />

ar gazarde; mxolod<br />

asea SesaZlebeli musikis<br />

gakeTilSobileba! musikas Tu<br />

siaxlisken ar ubiZge, ajobebs,<br />

saxlSi darCe da Zvel diskebs<br />

usmino~ _ jeimz qarTeri.<br />

44 cxeli Sokoladi

interviu<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 45

interviu<br />

`swori notebis aReba yvelaferi<br />

araa, Tu suli ar gazarde; mxolod<br />

asea SesaZlebeli musikis gakeTil-<br />

Sobileba! musikas Tu siaxlisken ar<br />

ubiZge, ajobebs, saxlSi darCe da Zvel<br />

diskebs usmino~. es Tqveni sityvebia.<br />

SeiZleba gTxovoT, ufro siRrmiseulad<br />

ganmimartoT, Tu ras gulisxmobT<br />

`sulis zrdasa~ da `musikis gakeTil-<br />

SobilebaSi~?<br />

Cemi konteqstidan gamomdinare, gipasuxebT<br />

(radganac mxolod ase Semi-<br />

Zlia am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema), rom<br />

CemTvis sulis zrda niSnavs im fesvebTan<br />

dabrunebas da iseTi vibraciebis<br />

da `sulebis gamoZaxebas~, ramac<br />

Tavis droze me musikaSi `Semagdo~.<br />

im musikosebs vgulisxmob, visTanac<br />

warsulSi mimuSavia _ julius hemfils,<br />

lesTer bouis, sxva uamrav<br />

danarCen musikoss, da maTac, visTanac<br />

dakvris saSualeba ar momcemia,<br />

magram Cveni `musikaluri Sexvedra~<br />

maTive Canawerebis meSveobiT Semdgara.<br />

rodesac jon qolTreinis Love<br />

Supreme-s vusmen, gansakuTrebiT am<br />

opusis mesame nawils, an vTqvaT One<br />

Down One Up-s, Jruanteli mivlis<br />

xolme. am dros xvdebi, Tu rogor<br />

SeiZleba Tanamedrove jazis dakvra<br />

meoce saukunis samociani wlebis gadmosaxedidan.<br />

es Canawerebi drois<br />

kafsulasaviTaa, an Tu gnebavT<br />

drois audio kafsulasaviT. Cemi<br />

maswavlebeli, donald uoSingToni<br />

xSirad imeorebda, rom musika da<br />

cxovreba erTia da zemoT xsenebuli<br />

albomebis smenisas me bgeraSi SeCerebuli<br />

daZabuli samocianebi mesmis.<br />

imdroindeli sazogadoeba uTanasworo<br />

iyo, Tumca amis miuxedavad, mainc<br />

arsebobda sulieri simSvidis, xsnis,<br />

imedis gaRvivebis da msoflio moqalaqed<br />

gaxdomis SesaZlebloba da<br />

ara marto individualurad, aramed<br />

zogadsakacobriodac. qolTreinis<br />

da misTanebis meSveobiT iyo es SesaZlebeli,<br />

radganac isini danarCen<br />

samyaros, sxva kulturebs maTsave<br />

musikaSi `Cabudebis~ uflebas aZlevdnen.<br />

qolTreinis musika sulierad<br />

amzadebda adamianebs ucxo kulturebis<br />

da axali urTierTobebis aRsa-<br />

46 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

qmelad da axliT savses tovebda maT.<br />

yvelam unda icodes, rom im dros musikosebs<br />

ar ulxindaT, magram mainc<br />

axerxebdnen Rrma da ulamazesi musikaluri<br />

dokumentebis Seqmnas da momavali<br />

TaobebisTvis datovebas. es ki<br />

pasuxismgeblobasTanaa kavSirSi; ara<br />

marto musikalur, aramed _ kulturul<br />

pasuxismgeblobasTan Semdgom<br />

TaobebTan mimarTebaSi.<br />

kritikosebis garkveuli nawili<br />

Tvls, rom jazis, rogorc musikaluri<br />

idiomis, Semdgomi winsvlis sawindari<br />

inovacia ki araa, aramed misi<br />

tradiciis kliSeebis gareSe warmo-<br />

Cineba da am gziT gaZliereba. dRes es<br />

Zalian rTuli unda iyos da amitom<br />

sainteresoa amis Sesaxeb Tqveni azris<br />

mosmena: migaCniaT Tu ara, rom dRes<br />

jazSi inovaciisTvis sakmarisi adgilia<br />

darCenili?<br />

diax. Cven, jazmenebs erTgvar musikalur<br />

Tokze gviwevs balansireba,<br />

radganac isic kargad mesmis, rom sxva<br />

danarCen `musikalur wyalSic~ gviwevs<br />

`fexis dasveleba~. es mxolod da<br />

mxolod Semdgomi inspiraciisaTvis<br />

xdeba. magaliTad, Cem bolo albomSi<br />

Present Tense originaluri kompoziciebicaa<br />

Sesuli da standartebic,<br />

magram iseTi standartebi, sadac, rogorc<br />

mimaCnia, jer `fexi aravis Seudgams~<br />

maTi pirvelad gamosvlis dRidan.<br />

erT-erTi kompozicia am diskze<br />

_ Shadow Sands pirvelad ormocian<br />

wlebSi Sesrulda da es kompozicia,<br />

Tu elingTonis Sophisticated Lady-s<br />

hari qarniseul interpretacias ar<br />

miviRebT mxedvelobaSi, erTaderTia,<br />

rac me vici, romelic mxolod bas<br />

klarnetze bariton saqsofonis Tanxlebis<br />

gareSe Sesrulebula. vinaidan<br />

me bas klarnetzec vukrav, CemTvis<br />

saintereso iyo am kompoziciasTan<br />

dabruneba da misi axali aqcentebiT<br />

gamdidrebis mcdeloba; yvelaferTan<br />

erTad es seriozuli gamowveva iyo<br />

CemTvis da swored amas vgulisxmob<br />

imaSi, rom inovacia SesaZlebelia.<br />

esaa inovaciis inovaciiT gamdidrebis<br />

da misi kidev ufro Sors `gagzavnis~<br />

mcdeloba.<br />

am ramdenime Tvis win brZaneT, rom<br />

TqvenSi erTdroulad Cabudebulia<br />

mudmivi zrdis procesSi myofi ramdenime<br />

musikosi. rodis xvdebiT, rom<br />

erT-erTi maTgani mzadaa raime Rirebulis<br />

warmosaCenad?<br />

amas mxolod dakvrisas Tu mixvdebi,<br />

radganac aseT rameebze winaswar<br />

bevri Tu ifiqre, maSin musika meqanikuri<br />

da bundovani xdeba, absoluturad<br />

steriluri…<br />

Sesabamisad, musikis aRmoCenis procesi<br />

usasruli procesi unda iyos...<br />

ra Tqma unda, da vinaidan Cven, Cvenive<br />

arCeuli instrumentebis meSveobiT<br />

vaxerxebT axali aRmoCenebis<br />

`samogzaurod~ wayvanas, araa aucilebeli,<br />

es mogzauroba mxolod erTi<br />

instrumentiT Sedges. sxvadasxva<br />

instrumentis gamoyeneba axali SesaZleblobebis<br />

aRmoCenisken gibiZgebs,<br />

iqneba es bgeriTi Tu ritmuli<br />

SesaZleblobebi. me saqsofonze ise<br />

ar vukrav, rogorc bas klarnetze<br />

an, vTqvaT, fleitaze. ra Tqma unda,<br />

garkveuli msgavseba aris, magram garkveuli<br />

tipis msmenelisTvis es yvelaferi<br />

ase ar JRers, gansakuTrebiT<br />

maSin, Tu is ukve sxva musikosebis<br />

mier aris `moTelili~ _ magaliTad,<br />

visac Jan-pier rampali da hubert<br />

losi hyavT mosmenili. eriq dolfis<br />

SemTxvevaSic asea, Tumca davamateb,<br />

rom mis SemTxvevaSi aris raRacebi,<br />

rasac ubralod ver gaeqcevi, rodesac<br />

bas klarnetze ukrav. am instrumentze<br />

misi Sesrulebis manera<br />

ubralod ubadloa da SeuZlebelia,<br />

zegavlenas gaeqce.<br />

Tqven dabadebiT musikosi brZandebiT,<br />

aseT musikosebs ki, rogorc wesi,<br />

arafris eSiniT. da mainc, mainteresebs,<br />

Tu yofila Tqven cxovrebaSi ise-<br />

Ti periodi, rodesac SeuSinebixarT<br />

im faqts, rom magaliTad saqsofonze,<br />

Tqvenamde uamravi didebuli musikosi<br />

ukravda?<br />

ra Tqma unda, magram CemTvis es<br />

yovelTvis gamowveva iyo da ara<br />

dabrkoleba. es is uRelia, rac Ti-<br />

Toeulma Cvenganma unda zidos. amave

dros, rogorc ukve giTxariT, musika<br />

da cxovreba ganuyofelia. Cemi<br />

maswavlebeli xSirad gvimeorebda<br />

Carli farqeris sityvebs, rom musika<br />

cxovrebaa, da Tu ar gicxovria, maSin<br />

Seni instrumenti sxvisTvis sainteresos<br />

verafers moyveba. ufro axalgazrda<br />

rom viyavi, CemTvis Zneli iyo<br />

amis gageba, magram Cveni maswavlebeli<br />

dauRalavad gvibiZgebda imisken,<br />

rom gveyida wignebi da gvekiTxa musikosebis<br />

cxovrebaze, imaze, Tu rogor<br />

da ra pirobebSi iwerdnen isini<br />

ama Tu im disks. Tumca es yvelaferi<br />

araa; yvelaze saintereso mainc isaa,<br />

Tu ra xdeboda qolTreinis, bili<br />

holideis Tu farqeris cxovreba-<br />

Si albomis Caweridan Caweramde, da<br />

ra viTarebebma miiyvanes isini im<br />

konkretul momentamde, rodesac maT<br />

axali diskis Cawera gadawyvites. ra<br />

moxda maT cxovrebaSi iseTi, ramac<br />

saSualeba misca maT, drois kafsulaSi<br />

SeeCerebinaT esa Tu is momenti,<br />

rac dRes maTi memkvidreobis nawilia?<br />

marTlac, amis Sesaxeb kiTxva<br />

rom daviwye es namdvili aRmoCena<br />

iyo CemTvis. swored maTma cxovrebam<br />

da gadatanilma ganapiroba, Tu rogor<br />

ukravdnen isini instrumentebze<br />

da ama Tu im kompoziciebis rogori<br />

interpretaciebi SemogvTavazes im<br />

garkveul momentebSi. bili holidei<br />

kargi magaliTia: misi fanebi bevrs<br />

saubroben gviandeli ocdaaTianebis<br />

da adreuli ormocianebis bili<br />

holideize da miaCniaT, rom es misi<br />

saukeTeso periodi iyo. samagierod,<br />

bevrs gulze ar exateba gviandeli<br />

ormocianebis da adreuli ormocdaaTianebis<br />

gardamavali periodi<br />

mis SemoqmedebaSi. mxolod holideize<br />

gadamkvdar fanebs esmiT mis<br />

imdroindel musikaSi, Tu ra xdeboda<br />

im dros mis cxovrebaSi. imdroindeli<br />

misi cxovreba ki missave frazirebaSi,<br />

xmis tembrSi, mTlianad<br />

mis musikalur arsebaSi aisaxeba. am<br />

dros SeuZlebelia lesTer iangi ar<br />

gagaxsendes. viRacisTvis es SeiZleba<br />

ucnauri iyos, magram meore mxriv bevri<br />

gaigebs amas, radganac maTi cxovreba<br />

im dros erTmaneTSi iyo gadajaWvuli<br />

da roca holidei mReris,<br />

SeiZleba daiWiro, Tu ra xdeboda<br />

im dros maT cxovrebaSi. Cven holideis<br />

simReraSi zustad is SegviZlia<br />

daviWiroT, risTvisac mzad varT. es<br />

muzeumis monaxulebasaviTaa, sadac<br />

Senive individualuri gemovnebis da<br />

interviu<br />

mzadyofnis mixedviT irCev, Tu romeli<br />

suraTi mogwons; imis mixedviT,<br />

ukve ganvlilma cxovrebam ris aRsaqmelad<br />

mogamzada. Sesabamisad, ama Tu<br />

im naxatis interpretaciis Seneburi<br />

mcdeloba SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes<br />

sxva vinmes mcdelobisgan, vinc,<br />

vTqvaT, Sengan gasxvavebiT, ufro<br />

meti yuradReba naxatis sxva aspeqtebs<br />

miaqcia. magram ai, am momentidan<br />

dawyebuli Senzea damokidebuli, Tu<br />

rogor daexmarebi danarCenebs imis<br />

aRqmaSi, rac mogewona; ramdenad gadamdebi<br />

aRmoCndebi Sen maTTvis. es<br />

yvelaze mniSvnelovania! igive xdeba<br />

musikaSic. rodesac saqsofonistma<br />

ilinois jeqeTma, Jazz At the Philharmonics-is<br />

sakoncerto seriebSi bluzis<br />

dakvra daiwyo, 1944 wels man sruliad<br />

Secvala konteqsti ara marto<br />

musikaluri TvalsazrisiT, aramed<br />

scenazec. misi dakvris manera saocrad<br />

gadamdebi iyo am sityvis sauke-<br />

Teso mniSvnelobiT! rodesac jeqeTi<br />

instruments xelSi iRebda da bgeras<br />

sadRac maRla mimarTavda, yvelaferi<br />

aviwydeboda kacs. is ki imas ukravda,<br />

rac icxovra...<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 106<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 47

fotoproeqti<br />

patara<br />

qalaqSi<br />

avtori, foto: daviT mesxi<br />

ra saerTo aqvs siRnaRSi<br />

gadaRebul cekvis gakveTilebs da<br />

Tbilisis sportskolas? aWaris<br />

erT-erT sofelSi, mandarinis<br />

plantaciaSi mokalaTebul biWs da<br />

dedaqalaqis centrSi, fanjarasTan<br />

mdgari axalgazrda wyvilis<br />

portrets?<br />

Cveulebrivi axalgazrdebi<br />

arian, romlebic erT patara<br />

qveyanaSi, sxvadasxva qalaqSi<br />

cxovroben. patara qalaqis cneba<br />

xom dedaqalaqsac Seesabameba. isini<br />

ar cdiloben, gamorCeulobis<br />

ZiebaSi romelime subkulturaSi<br />

an `ucnaur~ CacmulobaSi<br />

eZebon individualizmi. aq<br />

aseTi `raRacebi~ araa saWiro.<br />

sevdiani garemos miuxedavad, maT<br />

portretebSi aris heroizmi da<br />

romantizmi. kargad ician, rom<br />

martivad araferi gamouvaT,<br />

magram es ar aSinebT. amitom,<br />

SeuZlebelia isini ver SeamCnio!<br />

48 cxeli Sokoladi

fotoproeqti<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 49

fotoproeqti<br />

50 cxeli Sokoladi

fotoproeqti<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 51

fotoproeqti<br />

52 cxeli Sokoladi

fotoproeqti<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 53

fotoproeqti<br />

54 cxeli Sokoladi

fotoproeqti<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 55

analizi<br />

qarTuli<br />

kinoindustriis<br />

problemebi<br />

avtori: nino ZanZava<br />

foto: nino ZanZava, erovnuli kinocentris arqivi<br />

im adamianebs, romlebsac qarTuli kinematografis<br />

avanCavani ainteresebT, am bolo dros xSirad uCndebaT<br />

kiTxva _ eSveleba Tu ara qarTul kinematografs da<br />

SeiZleba Tu ara davijeroT, rom qarTuli kino krizisidan<br />

gamosvlis mdgomareobaSi imyofeba. kiTxva sakmaod<br />

rTulia, ufro sworad mokle pasuxi ar aqvs.<br />

kinoindustriis kritikuli zonebis da maTi arsebobis<br />

mizezebis Zieba SeiZleba am kiTxvebiT daiwyos: ra<br />

problemebi aqvs qarTul kinos dRes? rogor viTardeba<br />

kinowarmoebis sfero? ras akeTebs saxelmwifo erovnuli<br />

kinematografis ganviTarebisa da waxalisebisTvis?<br />

rogor da ramdenad efeqturad moxda sabWoTa struqturis<br />

rRveva da axliT Canacvleba? arsebobs Tu ara<br />

distribuciis qseli? ra mdgomareobaSia kinoTeatrebi<br />

da ratom ar arsebobs qveyanaSi arc erTi municipaluri<br />

kino? romel profesionalur resurss unda daeyrdnos<br />

qarTuli kino da ramdenad zrunavs saxelmwifo axali<br />

profesionaluri kadrebis Camoyalibebaze? aqvs Tu ara<br />

azri filmebis Seqmnas, romlebic, mouvlelobis da prezervaciis<br />

saTanado saSualebebis daucvelobis pirobebSi,<br />

swrafi ganadgurebisTvisaa ganwiruli?<br />

90-ian wlebSi kinoTeatrebis didma nawilma funqcionireba<br />

Sewyvita da im filmebsac, romlebsac wlidan wlamde<br />

iRebdnen, mayurebeli ekranze ver naxulobda. dairRva<br />

kinoindustriis funqcionirebis Semkvreli rgolebis<br />

jaWvi da infrastruqtura. ideologiuri wnexisgan Tavisufali<br />

kinostudia „qarTuli filmi“ damoukidebel<br />

reJimSi, srulyofilad funqcionirebas veRar axerxebda,<br />

damoukideblad Seqmnili kinokompaniebi ki xSirad<br />

erTi filmis gadaRebis Semdeg wyvetdnen arsebobas.<br />

„saxelovani kinematografiuli warsulis“ presi dResac<br />

Zlieria da Tavisuflad muSaobaSi jer kidev xels<br />

uSlis reJisorebs. Zvels axali kliSeebi enacvleba. magaliTad,<br />

Tuki sabWoTa periodSi evropuli kinematografisgan<br />

gansxvavebuloba qarTuli nacionaluri kinos<br />

saamayo aspeqti iyo, axla piriqiT xdeba _ qarTveli re-<br />

Jisorebi cdiloben evropul bazarze orientirebuli<br />

produqcia Seqmnan, rogorc amboben xolme, „evropul<br />

standartebs“ Seusabamon gasayidad gamzadebuli maTi<br />

pirmSoebi. „evropul standartSi“ da qarTuli kinos<br />

gaevropelebaSi an gaamerikulebaSi avtorebi imdenad<br />

filmis proeqtis ganviTarebis, warmoebis procesis an<br />

gayidvis meqanizmebs ar gulisxmoben, ramdenadac bundovan<br />

survils, qarTuli kino raRacnairad dasavlel mayu-<br />

56 cxeli Sokoladi

analizi<br />

oTar koSoriZe, `operacia vundelandi~, 1982<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 57

analizi<br />

rebels moawonon. Temis Ziebisas reJisorebi (gansaku-<br />

TrebiT axalgazrda) da prodiuserebi svamen kiTxvas:<br />

ra ufro moewoneba, ra ufro daainteresebs dasavlel<br />

mayurebels.<br />

marTlac sainteresoa, romeli aspeqtebiT SeuZlia<br />

qarTul kinoindustrias dRes lokaluri Tu saer-<br />

TaSoriso masStabiT Tavi moiwonos? garda imisa, rom<br />

evropel da amerikel kinematografistebs SegviZlia<br />

movuyveT qveynis ulamazes landSaftebSi ganfenili<br />

Tvalwarmtaci peizaJebisa da qarTuli kinos saukunovani<br />

istoriis Sesaxeb.<br />

saqarTveloSi arsebobs ramdenime saxelmwifo kinodawesebuleba,<br />

romelTac wesdebaSi kinematografis ganvi-<br />

Tarebaze orientirebuli amocanebi uweriaT. es dawesebulebebia:<br />

saqarTvelos kinematografiis erovnuli<br />

centri, saaqcio sazogadoeba „qarTuli filmi“, qar-<br />

Tuli filmis ganviTarebis fondi. erTi SexedviT, sami<br />

sxvadasxva istoriuli warsulis mqone kinoinstituciis<br />

funqcionireba kinoindustriis strategiuli winsvlis<br />

garantias unda iZleodes.<br />

saaqcio sazogadoeba `qarTuli filmi~<br />

saqarTvelos gasabWoebamde qarTuli kinematografi<br />

ramdenime mxatvrul films da daaxloebiT 150 kinoqronikas<br />

iTvlida. gasabWoebis Semdeg kinowarmoeba<br />

mTlianad saxelmwifo dafinansebas daeyrdno da 70<br />

wlis manZilze amgvarad funqcionirebda. „saqkinmrewvi“,<br />

„Tbilisis kinostudia“, kinostudia „qarTuli filmi“<br />

sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier marTuli erTi da imave<br />

instituciis sxvadasxva periodis saxelwodebaa. Tumca,<br />

gasuli saukunis dasasruls, rodesac qveyana meored gaxda<br />

damoukidebeli da saqarTvelo kidev erTxel Sevida<br />

kritikul fazaSi, qarTuli kinoindustriis yvelaze<br />

msxvili moTamaSe, kinostudia `qarTuli filmi~ didi<br />

cvlilebebis da rRvevebis winaSe aRmoCnda. kinostudia<br />

„qarTul filmTan“ mimarTebaSi 90-iani wlebis qarTul<br />

presas Tu gadaxedavT, imdenad gansxvavebul mosazrebebs<br />

gadaawydebiT da kinematografistebs Soris imdenad<br />

daundobeli kamaTis momswreebi gaxdebiT, rom Tavgza<br />

advilad agebnevaT da calsaxa pasuxis gamotana gagiWirdebaT.<br />

1991 wels „qarTuli filmi“ kinokoncernad gadakeTda,<br />

prezidentad maSin besarion guguSvili dainiSna. mas<br />

Semdeg, rac zviad gamsaxurdias xelisufleba daemxo,<br />

prezidenti kvlav rezo CxeiZe gaxda, romelic „qarTul<br />

films“ 1991 wlamde 18 wlis ganmavlobaSi marTavda.<br />

1994 wlidan kinokoncerni saaqcio sazogadoebaa. komandituri<br />

sazogadoebis Tavmjdomaris postze isev rezo<br />

CxeiZea. rogorc qarTuli presa iuwyeba, amave wels re-<br />

JisorTa jgufma uari Tqva dafinanseba saxelmwifosgan<br />

mieRo da ganacxada, rom kinom sakuTari Tavi Tavadve<br />

unda irCinos. es reJisorebi maSin lamis moRalateebad<br />

gamoacxades.<br />

58 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

qarTuli filmis ganviTarebis fondis direqtori da<br />

erovnuli kinocentris yofili direqtori gaga CxeiZe<br />

ambobs: „bevrs miaCnia, rom saaqcio sazogadoebad „qar-<br />

Tuli filmis“ gardaqmna Secdoma iyo. saaqcio sazogadoebam<br />

mogebaze rom imuSaos, dividendebi rom gasces,<br />

didi warmoeba unda hqondes... roca centraluri (saxelmwifo)<br />

dafinanseba Sewyda, warmoudgeneli iyo „qarTul<br />

films“ sakuTari Tavi erCina“.<br />

aqciebis ori mesamedi dResac saxelmwifos xelSia,<br />

erTi mesamedi ki TanamSromlebis, romlebic sazogadoebis<br />

aqcionerebi gaxdnen da Tavis droze nominaluri<br />

Rirebulebis vauCerebi daurigdaT. „qarTuli filmis“<br />

daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida uZravi qoneba (kinoTeatrebi,<br />

sxvadasxva daniSnulebis Senoba-nagebobebi, miwebi) da sadistribucio<br />

qseli. gaga CxeiZe: „yvelaferi es saxelmwifom<br />

kinostudias gadasca. aman logikurad gamoiwvia garkveuli<br />

dapirispireba kinematografistTa kavSirsa da<br />

qarTul films Soris. faqtobrivad, es iyo ori banaki,<br />

romelic maSin erTmaneTs eomeboda. kinokavSiri iyo sabWoTa<br />

ideologiis gamtarebeli, marTalia, SemoqmedebiTi<br />

kavSiri erqva da sakuTari Semosavlebic hqonda.<br />

magram ZiriTadad, saxelmwifos kmayofaze arsebobda“.<br />

Tumca, arsebobda dapirispirebis sxva mizezebic: „sabazro<br />

ekonomikaze gadasvlam TavisTavad moitana da dRis<br />

wesrigSi daayena sakiTxi, rom reJisorebsa da prodiuserebs<br />

damoukideblad unda earsebaT. aqedan gaCnda mo-<br />

Txovna, saxelmwifos ara marto „qarTuli filmisTvis“<br />

mieca fuli, aramed sxva proeqtebze da damoukidebel<br />

studiebzec gaenawilebina“.<br />

gaga CxeiZe aseve miiCnevs, rom im axalgazrda reJisor-<br />

Ta mxridan wamosuli ukmayofileba, romlebic fiqrobdnen,<br />

rom „qarTuli filmis“ mier ar unda momxdariyo<br />

kinowarmoebis procesis monopolizacia, gamarTlebuli<br />

iyo: „1992 wels maT scades, daerwmunebinaT ufrosi<br />

Taoba, rom saWiro iyo meti damoukidebloba mieRoT<br />

dedakinostudiisgan. Seqmnes „adam da eva“, sadac buba<br />

xotivari, Temur babluani, nana jorjaZe da sxvebi mu-<br />

Saobdnen“.<br />

wlebis ganmavlobaSi „qarTulma filmma“ ver moaxerxa<br />

saxelmwifos mxridan misTvis dakanonebuli qonebis racionalurad<br />

da saqmisTvis sasargeblod gamoyeneba.<br />

uZravi qonebis nawili gaqiravda da gaiyida, zedmetad<br />

guluxvi saxelSekrulebo pirobebis safuZvelze miwebi<br />

da Senobis farTobebi grZelvadiani ijariT gaica, zogic<br />

aRnagobis uflebiT, rac meijareebs saSualebas aZlevda,<br />

iseTi saxis nagebobebi aegoT, rogorsac moisurvebdnen.<br />

gaga CxeiZe: „ar vici, ramdenad hqonda adgili farul garigebebs,<br />

arc es aris gamoricxuli. albaT adre Tu gvian<br />

imaze, rac maSin xdeboda, viRacam pasuxi unda agos. ar<br />

moxda „qarTuli filmis“ Zireuli reorganizacia“.<br />

asea Tu ise, 90-ian wlebSi „qarTul films“ hqonda<br />

Semosavali, romelic marTalia, kinowarmoebis procesis<br />

sruli svliT aRdgenas ar eyofoda, magram racio

`bevrs miaCnia, rom saaqcio<br />

sazogadoebad `qarTuli filmis"<br />

gardaqmna Secdoma iyo. roca<br />

centraluri dafinanseba Sewyda,<br />

warmoudgeneli iyo `qarTul films~<br />

sakuTari Tavi erCina~.<br />

naluri gankargvis da ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, kinoindustrias<br />

iseT CixSi da absurdul mdgomareobaSi<br />

mainc ar moaqcevda, rogori mdgomareobis Sedegebsac<br />

qarTuli kino dRemde imkis. „qarTuli filmis“ araswori<br />

politika da menejmenti kinoindustriis kolafsis<br />

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mizezi iyo. SesaZloa, 90-ian<br />

wlebSi ar arsebobda xalxi, romelic axal sistemaze gadarTvaSi<br />

moexmareboda kinostudias an aseTi xalxi iyo<br />

da maT ar hqondaT saSualeba, TavianTi ideebi ganexorcielebinaT.<br />

gaga CxeiZes azriT, ar iyo neba, gaetarebinaT<br />

reformebi, „maT ar icodnen, ra unda ekeTebinaT, ar<br />

iyo xalxi, visac evropuli gamocdileba eqneboda, visac<br />

ecodineboda, ra xdeba evropaSi, rogor unda ganviTarebuliyo<br />

kino“.<br />

kinoqalaqis idea da qarTuli filmis<br />

ganviTarebis fondi<br />

e.w. Zveli kinostudiis teritoriaze arsebuli pavilioni,<br />

romlis erT kedels dResac aqvs gakruli abra<br />

warweriT „adam da eva“, 20-iani wlebis dasawyisSi germane<br />

gogitiZis xelmZRvanelobiT aigo. 1992 wels, axalgazrda<br />

reJisorebis moTxovniT (Temur babluani, buba xotivari,<br />

nana jorjaZe...), „qarTuli filmis“ materialur<br />

bazaze Sps-s saxiT kinostudia „adam da eva“ dafuZnda.<br />

„adam da evas“ TiTqmis mTeli sawyisi kapitali swored<br />

„qarTuli filmis“ iyo. „qarTulma filmma“ sawesdebo<br />

kapitalSi maSin Tbilisis istoriuli pavilioni Seitana.<br />

Tumca, „adam da evas“ mogeba mogvianebiT unda gadanawi-<br />

analizi<br />

lebuliyo ara wilobrivi monawileobis mixedviT, aramed<br />

sxvanairad: mogebis 10% darCeboda „qarTul films“,<br />

xolo danarCeni axal kinostudias.<br />

ramdenime wlis win „adam da evam“ Zveli pavilioni ker-<br />

Zo mewarmeebs axal pavilionSi gaucvala, romelic specialurad<br />

maTTvis diRomSi aSenda. danarCeni uZravi qoneba<br />

(Senobebisa da miwis saxiT), kvlav „qarTuli filmis“<br />

kuTvnilebaSi rCeboda. es adgili qalaqis centrSia da<br />

Sesabamisad komerciulad Zalian Rirebuli. mamuka xazaraZe,<br />

romlis xelSic Zveli pavilioni aRmoCnda, rezo<br />

CxeiZesTan winadadebiT mivida. xazaraZis survili iyo,<br />

SeeqmnaT organizacia, romelic erTdroulad gankargavda<br />

Zvel pavilionsac da mis garSemo arsebul teritoriasac,<br />

axali proeqtidan miRebuli mogebis nawili<br />

qarTuli kinos dafinansebaze wavidoda. ase Seiqmna „kinoqalaqis“<br />

idea. gaga CxeiZe: „es iyo Zalian patriotuli<br />

da kargi SemoTavazeba, romelic siamovnebiT miiRo<br />

rezo CxeiZem. swored im mizniT, rom gaadvilebuliyo<br />

komerciuli saqmianoba da erToblivi qmedeba, Camoyalibda<br />

qarTuli kinos ganviTarebis fondi, romelSic kinostudia<br />

`qarTulma filmma~ anu saaqcio sazogadoebam<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 59

analizi<br />

Seitana uZravi qoneba _ 25 aTasi kvadratis saxiT“ (Zveli<br />

kinostudiis mTeli teritoria). 2005 wels 6 adamianisgan<br />

Semdgari fondi Seiqmna, sadac sami kinostudiis,<br />

xolo sami _ saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli iyo. mamuka<br />

xazaraZem didi investiciis mozidvis pasuxismgeblobac<br />

aiRo, laparaki iyo 50-60 milion dolarze. „kinoqalaqis“<br />

saxiT gakeTdeboda komerciul-kulturuli<br />

centri, romelSic kinostruqturebic moeqceoda, maT<br />

Soris _ kinomsaxiobTa Teatric. xazaraZem warmoadgina<br />

proeqti, arsebobda maketis ori varianti. kinoqalaqSi<br />

iqneboda ramdenime kinoTeatri, agreTve kinos muzeumi,<br />

Tumca, 80% komerciul struqturebs unda daekavebina<br />

(sastumro, maRaziebis qseli da a.S.). gaga CxeiZem, romelic<br />

dRes ukve fondis direqtoria, miuReblad miiCnia<br />

istoriuli pavilionis miuzik-holad gadakeTebis idea:<br />

„fondSi gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi arsebobda. saboloo<br />

jamSi fondi im azrs miemxro, rom komerciuli<br />

riski Zalian didi iyo. SeiZleboda im situaciamde mivsuliyaviT,<br />

rom „qarTul films“ Semosavali ar mieRo<br />

an mogeba ar yofiliyo didi da mniSvnelovani. laparaki<br />

iyo teritoriis gayidvazec, razec fondi ar wavida. pi-<br />

60 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

daTo janeliZe, `jayos xiznebi~, 2009<br />

radad me vfiqrobdi, rom kinostruqturebi aucileblad<br />

unda SenarCunebuliyo da am kompleqsis sadRac<br />

30% Cvens sakuTrebaSi unda yofiliyo. amaze xazaraZe<br />

da misi partniorebi ar wamovidnen. maT mainc miaCndaT,<br />

rom unda Camoyalibebuliyo erTiani saaqcio sazogadoeba,<br />

danawevreba-dayofis gareSe. Cven gveSinoda, rom kinostruqturebs<br />

davkargavdiT. SesaZlebeli iyo droTa<br />

ganmavlobaSi arakomerciulobis motiviT daexuraT kinoTeatri<br />

an kinos muzeumi da gadaekeTebinaT restornad.<br />

aranairi garantia ar iyo. arc is iyo gamoricxuli,<br />

rom odesme biznesi sxva adamianebis xelSi ar gadavidoda,<br />

romlebic kinoTi saerTod ar iqnebodnen dainteresebulni.<br />

da es riski kidev ufro izrdeboda“.<br />

proeqti SeCerda, Tumca qarTuli filmis ganviTarebis<br />

fondi arsebobas ganagrZobs. dRes misi saqmianobis<br />

ZiriTadi nawilia Zveli kinostudiis ijariT gacemuli<br />

farTis iuridiuli kontroli da Zvel meijareebTan<br />

urTierTobis mowesrigeba. meijareebisgan miRebuli<br />

TanxiT mimdinareobs amave teritoriaze ganTavsebuli<br />

dokumenturi filmebis studia „mematianes“ saarqivo masalis<br />

gadarCeva, katalogizacia da Sesanaxad mowesrigeba.<br />

am proeqtis dasrulebis Semdeg anu gazafxulidan<br />

fondi gegmavs, Tavisi mcire biujeti saganmamaTleblo<br />

miznebs dauTmos, SeZlebisdagvarad daafinansos qar-<br />

Tveli studentebis swavla ucxoeTSi, moawyos seminarebi<br />

axalgazrda kinematografistebisa da momavali profesionalebisTvis.<br />

dRes saqarTvelos kinematografiis<br />

erovnuli centri erTaderTi<br />

saxelmwifo dawesebulebaa, romelic<br />

qveyanaSi filmebis warmoebas konkursis<br />

safuZvelze afinansebs.<br />

oTar koSeirZe, `operacia vundelandi~, 1982 nino axvlediani, `besame~, 1989

kinocentri<br />

„rodesac Zvel, totalitaruli saxelmwifosTvis damaxasiaTebel<br />

struqturasa da e.w. axal talRas Soris<br />

dapirispireba Seiqmna, axalgazrdebis saTaveSi eldar<br />

Sengelaia idga. miuxedavad imisa, rom is Zalian didi<br />

xnis ganmavlobaSi da dResac xelmZRvanelobs kinematografistTa<br />

kavSirs, mas aRmoaCnda Zalian kargi alRo da,<br />

faqtobrivad, mixvda saiT unda wasuliyo saxelmwifo<br />

kinopolitika. SevardnaZis dros man mTavrobas Zalian<br />

swori gadawyvetileba miaRebina (rogorc vici, swored<br />

batoni eldaris gavleniT miiRes) _ kanoni kinematografis<br />

saxelmwifo mxardaWeris Sesaxeb. gadawyda, rom kinematografs<br />

sWirdeboda daxmareba saxelmwifos mxridan<br />

da es marTlac kargi iyo. amis gamo, daiwera kanoni, romelic<br />

saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo da swored am kanonis<br />

safuZvelze Seiqmna saqarTvelos kinematografiis<br />

erovnuli centri“, _ ambobs gaga CxeiZe, romelsac 2005<br />

wlidan sami wlis ganmavlobaSi erovnuli kinocentris<br />

direqtoris Tanamdeboba ekava.<br />

saqarTvelos kinematografiis erovnuli centri dRes<br />

saqarTveloSi kinos sakiTxebSi umaRlesi saxelmwifo<br />

instanciaa da erTgvar kinosaministros warmoadgens. kinocentris<br />

mizani qarTuli kinos ganviTarebis saxelmwifo<br />

mxardaWeris koordinacia da saamisod saxelmwifo<br />

biujetidan gamoyofili Tanxis saTanadod mobilizebaa.<br />

(kinocentris debulebiT gansazRvruli ZiriTadi amocanebia:<br />

kinos ganviTarebisTvis samecniero, sainformacio,<br />

sawarmoo da materialur-teqnikuri bazis srulyofa;<br />

erovnuli kinoproduqciis warmoebis finansuri<br />

mxardaWera; kinos infrastruqturisa da kinoqselis<br />

ganviTarebisTvis saxelmwifo mxardaWeris uzrunvelyofa;<br />

saqarTvelos erovnuli kinoarqivis Seqmna; kinoganaTlebisa<br />

da kinomcodneobis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba;<br />

SemoqmedebiTi da sainJinro-teqnikuri kadrebis momzadebis<br />

xelSewyoba; saerTaSoriso kavSirebis ganviTareba,<br />

saerTaSoriso kinoorganizaciebSi warmomadgenlobis<br />

uzrunvelyofa; kinofestivalebisa da sxva kulturuli<br />

RonisZiebebis, agreTve saerTaSoriso kinofestivalebSi<br />

monawileobis xelSewyoba).<br />

kinocentri 2000 wels Seiqmna da 2003 wlamde misi ZiriTadi<br />

saqmianoba kinostudia „qarTuli filmis“ mier<br />

dawyebuli srulmetraJiani filmebis dasruleba iyo.<br />

2005 wlidan ki misi struqturuli cvlileba moxda da<br />

daiwyo sainformacio bazebis mobilizeba, saganmanaTleblo<br />

proeqtebis ganxorcieleba, kinoeqsportis meqanizmebis<br />

daxvewa, kavSirebis damyareba ucxoel kolegebTan,<br />

festivalebis saxiT qarTuli kinematografis CarTva<br />

ucxour kinoprocesebSi da kinomemkvidreobis dacvaze<br />

zrunva. 2008 wels kinocentris xelmZRvaneloba Seicvala,<br />

romelmac „qarTuli kinos ganviTarebis strategia“<br />

SeimuSava, anu es aris gegma, romlis mTavari misia kinoseqtoris<br />

gaZliereba erovnul doneze da saerTaSoriso<br />

asparezze misi konkurentunarianobis amaRlebaa.<br />

analizi<br />

marTalia proeqtis `kinematografis ganviTarebis strategiis~<br />

prezentacia gasuli wlis oqtomberSi kulturis,<br />

sportisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministroSi gaimarTa,<br />

Tumca is jer kidev ar damtkicebula Sesabamisi struqturebis<br />

mier.<br />

kinowarmoebis problemebi<br />

1990-dan 2000 wlamde saqarTveloSi 43 mwarmoebeli<br />

kinokompania Seiqmna, aqedan sami mxolod dokumentur<br />

filmebze muSaobda, erTi animaciurze, danarCenebi ki<br />

ZiriTadad, mxatvrul da mcire raodenobis dokumentur<br />

filmebs Sereulad awarmoebdnen. 43 organizaciidan<br />

ocdaeqvss 90-ian wlebSi (umetesobas ki mTeli arsebobis<br />

manZilze) mxolod TiTo filmi aqvs warmoebuli.<br />

zogierTis maqsimumi ki mTeli dekadis ganmavlobaSi 6<br />

filmia. ramdenime maTgani („sxivi“, „+1“, „dro“, „adami da<br />

eva“, „noe“, „sameba“, „freska“, „kavkasioni“, „orbi“, „kvali“)<br />

„qarTuli filmis“ materialur-teqnikur bazaze<br />

Seiqmna da realurad damoukidebel Sps-ebs arc warmoadgendnen.<br />

CamoTvlili kinostudiebis TanamSromlebs<br />

saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoyofili Tanxidan xelfass<br />

isev da isev „qarTuli filmi“ uxdida. erTi SexedviT absurduli<br />

situaciis detalebSi Caxedva am statiis amocana<br />

araa, magram rogorc faqti, rbilad rom vTqvaT,<br />

sainteresoa. mniSvnelovani isaa, rom „qarTuli filmis“<br />

msgavsma „restruqturizaciam“ qarTuli kinowarmoebis<br />

bedze arcTu ise kargi gavlena iqonia.<br />

dRes saqarTvelos kinematografiis erovnuli centri<br />

erTaderTi saxelmwifo dawesebulebaa, romelic qveyana-<br />

Si filmebis warmoebas konkursis safuZvelze afinansebs.<br />

2000 wlidan 2003 wlamde kinocentrma monawileoba mii-<br />

Ro kinostudia „qarTul filmSi“ 9 srulmetraJian da 2<br />

moklemetraJian animaciur filmze dawyebuli muSaobis<br />

dasrulebaSi. xolo 2003 wlidan moyolebuli dRemde kinocentri<br />

kidev 11 srulmetraJiani, 10 moklemetraJiani<br />

mxatvruli, 12 moklemetraJiani sadebiuto, 16 dokumenturi,<br />

6 animaciuri filmis Tanadamfinansebelia.<br />

kinowarmoebis sferoSi kinocentris politika orientirebulia<br />

iseTi proeqtebis dafinansebaze, romlebic<br />

kinematografis mxatvrul ganviTarebas uwyobs xels<br />

da e.w. potenciur safestivalo kinod iTvleba. magram,<br />

rogorc ukanasknelma welma gviCvena, kinematografistebi<br />

saqarTveloSi komerciuli filmebiTac arian dainteresebulni,<br />

romlebic maT popularobas adgilobriv<br />

bazarze moupoveben. garda saerTaSoriso kinofestivalebisken<br />

mizanmimarTuli filmebis avtorebisa, saqarTveloSi<br />

sxva tipis prodiuserebic gaCndnen. isini<br />

ufro metad lokalur mayurebelze akeTeben gaTvlas<br />

da qveynis Sida bazarze aqtiurad damkvidrebisTvis<br />

ibrZvian („idiotokratia“, „rac yvelaze Zalian giyvars“,<br />

„rac yvelaze Zalian giyvars 2“, „gogona slaididan“).<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 108<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 61

specproeqti<br />

sazRvrebi<br />

ideis avtori: ana korZaia-samadaSvili<br />

ilustracia: maia sumbaZe<br />

`gveraferi gavige. mTeli bavSvoba es sazRvari, berlinis<br />

kedelze gacilebiT metad, Cemi piradi rkinis farda iyo.<br />

auRebeli. gayinuli. Rrma, bneli wylis Txrili. boboqari<br />

talRebis kedeli. adgili, sadac yoveldRe vxedavdi, Cemi<br />

samyaro sad mTavrdeboda.<br />

axla ki wesieri mowmobac ar mqonda _ da gamiSves. ori wuTic<br />

da SvedeTis karibWe gaixsneba. ise gavSterdi, rom udanaSaulo<br />

gogos roli sul damaviwyda da gaxevebulma gadavixade<br />

madloba.<br />

roca gemi navsadgomidan gavida, gembanze avedi. zasnics<br />

Sevcqerodi da cremli mdioda.<br />

guli ar amCuyebia, risxva momawva. ra banaluri ambavi yofila.<br />

yoveldRiuri, arafrismTqmeli. ubralod, SvedeTis sazRvari.<br />

gaiareT, aq sayurebeli araferia, gaiareT~.<br />

klaudia ruSi<br />

.

fotoproeqti<br />

specproeqti

specproeqti<br />

Sveduri borani<br />

klaudia ruSi<br />

baltiis zRvasTan gavizarde. iseve,<br />

rogorc dedaCemi, babuaCemi, misi<br />

mSoblebi da maTi mSoblebi, da maTi<br />

mSoblebi da ase... 500 wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

Cemi winaprebi kapitnebi da kapitnis<br />

colebi iyvnen. mTeli dinastia,<br />

Zveli gvari da ucvleli samSoblo,<br />

rogorc wesi da rigia: vustroveli<br />

bradheringebi fiSlandiidan. deda-<br />

Cems gaumarTla, rom gogod gaCnda.<br />

gvaris gamgrZelebels bebia da babua<br />

sruli seriozulobiT silvestrs<br />

daarqmevdnen. silvestr bradheringi<br />

fiSlandiidan. aseTi rameebi meniuSi<br />

weria xolme.<br />

Cemi biologiuri mama dedaCemis<br />

ocnebis mamakaci ar yofila, magram<br />

ojaxur koncefciaSi kargad jdeboda.<br />

mxolod da mxolod sazRvao Zalebis<br />

oficeri iyo, Tan saqsoneli,<br />

magram kapitani.<br />

is riugenis Crdilo dasavleT kideSi<br />

msaxurobda. marcxniv Tu gavuyvebodiT,<br />

hidenis tbas mivadgebodiT,<br />

sadRac iq, zRvis meore napirze<br />

ki SvedeTis samefo iyo. maSin karl<br />

gustavis da silvia zomerlaTis Sesaxeb<br />

araferi msmenoda, magram SvedeTi<br />

zRapruli qveyana iyo CemTvis. ocnebis<br />

mxare. adgili, sadac ar gviSvebd-<br />

64 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

nen, sadac daTviviT didi da Ronieri<br />

kacebi cxovrobdnen, qalebi `ABBA~s<br />

agnesas hgavdnen da yvela feradi<br />

bafTebiT cekvavda `maisis xis~ gar-<br />

Semo. me ase warmomedgina. mxiaruli<br />

qveyana, qera xalxiT savse.<br />

kunZulis aRmosavleTiT, zasnicidan,<br />

dReSi orjer gemi treleborgSi<br />

gadioda. Sveduri borani. sul Canda,<br />

zRvas seravda, iqiT-aqeT, Zalian<br />

nela, TiTqos horizontis gaswvriv,<br />

rogorc Cans, sanapiro zolis paralelurad.<br />

me da dedaCemi ki yovel<br />

zafxuls visxediT da deda TeTr<br />

gems gascqeroda.<br />

Cemi erT-erTi yvelaze adreuli<br />

mogoneba swored es suraTia. bakenbergis<br />

ukacriel sanapiroze varT,<br />

kldeebTan, romlebsac mercxlebi<br />

dastrialeben. TeTri sabavSvo qudi<br />

maxuravs, SiSveli dedis kalTaSi vzivar<br />

da xels viqnev, xels vuqnev did<br />

gems. deda mkocnis da yurSi CamCur-<br />

Culebs: gpirdebi, erT dRes am borniT<br />

gavcuravT, Sen da me, baltiis<br />

zRvis sxva napirebisken. damijere,<br />

ase iqneba.<br />

wlebi gavida, Cemi mSoblebi gaiyarnen,<br />

Cven berlinSi gadavsaxldiT.<br />

magram ramdenjerac Svedur borans<br />

davinaxavdiT xolme, deda Tvalebs<br />

xeliT iCrdilavda, zRvas miacqerdeboda<br />

da Cumad oxravda. erT dResac<br />

iqneba da am borans gavyvebiT.<br />

ar gavyolivarT.<br />

mere bevrjer mifiqria da miocnebia,<br />

ra adgilas SeiZleboda treleborgSi<br />

mimaval malmos eqspresSi damalva,<br />

an sxva ra gziT movaxerxebdi<br />

SvedeTSi gadaparvas. aq xom berlini<br />

ar iyo, arc mavTulxlarTebi Canda<br />

da arc guSagebi dadiodnen. es xom<br />

zRvaa. raRacnairad mainc unda xerxdebodes<br />

meore napirze gadasvla..<br />

maSin ar vicodi, ramdeni adamiani<br />

daiRupa baltiis zRviT gaqcevis mcdelobisas,<br />

ar vicodi, rom skandinaveli<br />

meTevzeebi TavianT badeebSi<br />

wlebis ganmavlobaSi gvamebs poulobdnen,<br />

da rom Cemi sayvareli zRva<br />

gdr-m sasikvdilo xafangad aqcia. es<br />

rom mcodnoda, albaT zRvaSi veRarc<br />

vibanavebdi.<br />

bebiaCemi StralzundSi cxovrobda.<br />

iseve, rogorc dedaCemma, Tavisi<br />

kapitani da fiSlandia manac miatova.<br />

rogorc ki saSualeba eZleoda,<br />

umalve hidenis tbaze miemgzavreboda<br />

xolme: 2,50 marka noidorfamde,<br />

3,00 marka vitemde da 3,50 qloste

amde. cxadia, bebia Stralzundis<br />

navsadgomSi yvela bileTis gamyidvel<br />

qalbatons icnobda da, cxadia,<br />

zasnicis mebileTe qalbatonebTanac<br />

kargi urTierToba hqonda. da ai,<br />

1989 wlis 10 noembris dilas bebia-<br />

Cemi, aRmosavluri koniakis boTliT<br />

jibeSi, Stralzundis navsadgomSi gamocxadda<br />

da qalbatonebs daxmareba<br />

sTxova. zasnicidan treleborgSi mimavali<br />

gemis bileTebi undoda, ori<br />

gza, 1989 wlis 24 dekembrisTvis. es<br />

misi saSobao saCuqari iyo. Sveduri<br />

borniT mogzauroba. baltiis zRvis<br />

meore napirisken.<br />

im Soba dRes boranma lamis erTi<br />

saaTiT daigviana da treleborgis-<br />

Tvis dro aRar darCa. gembanidan<br />

mainc gadavediT. SvedeTis 10 wuTi.<br />

uSno, usaxelo navsayudeli, sawarmoo<br />

nagebobebi, wvimisgan ganacrisferebuli<br />

garemo, magram SvedeTi.<br />

rogorc iqna. Cveni mainc gavitaneT.<br />

im qveynisa cota meti mxolod xuTi<br />

wlis Semdeg vnaxe. erTi weli italia-<br />

Si vswavlobdi da bevr skandinavels<br />

davumegobrdi. aprilis dasawyisSi<br />

boloniidan yvelani gaiqcnen, radgan<br />

pos zeganze metismetad dascxaT.<br />

me maiss mamacurad gavuZeli, Cemi<br />

megobari Sarlota ivnisis bolomdec<br />

ki darCa. mere ramdenime Svedma<br />

studentma agvistoSi gotlandiaSi<br />

dagvpatiJa. SvedeTi Zalian momewona.<br />

xalxi Tbili iyo, saxlebi _ ulamazesi,<br />

da yvela IKEA-s katalogidan<br />

gadmosuls hgavda. oraguli da arayi<br />

yvelgan hqondaT. polaruli samoTxe.<br />

malmos eqspresiT jer zasnicSi<br />

gavemgzavreT, mere gemze avediT da<br />

SvedeTisken aviReT gezi. yvelaferi<br />

kargad aewyo. bebiaCemis mosanaxuleblad<br />

yovelTvis malmos eqspresiT<br />

miwevda xolme mgzavroba. martivi<br />

mizezis gamo. rac 6 wlisa moviyare,<br />

berlinidan, ZiriTadad, martoka<br />

mivdiodi xolme bebiasTan. malmos<br />

eqspresi Stralzundamde mxolod samjer<br />

Cerdeboda, amitom Zalian mcire<br />

albaToba rCeboda imisa, rom sadguri<br />

amereoda, araswor matarebelSi<br />

avidodi an saidanme gadmovvardebodi.<br />

Sesabamisad, wlidan wlamde am ma-<br />

tarebelSi vijeqi. es Zalian maxalisebda,<br />

radgan vicodi, rom zasnicSi<br />

matarebels boranze gadaiyvandnen da<br />

mere is treleborgidan gaagrZelebda<br />

gzas. garda amisa, matarebels saxelic<br />

kargi erqva: malmos eqspresi.<br />

Soreuli, usazRvro samyaros Zaxili.<br />

me ki StralzundSi, riugendamis sadgurSi<br />

Cavdiodi. yuradReba, karebi<br />

iketeba da frTxilad, matarebeli<br />

gadis.<br />

amjerad me da Sarlota matareblidan<br />

ar CavsulvarT da pirvelad<br />

gaviare gza malmomde. kmayofilebas<br />

ver vmalavdiT. magari iyo _ mivemgzavrebiT!<br />

1996 wels, roca Sveduri borniT<br />

mesamed vimgzavre, bavSvoba wamomewia.<br />

mindoda, zafxulis buniobas<br />

CrdiloeT SvedeTSi Sevxvedrodi. 19<br />

ivnisi iyo da Cems piradobis mowmobasac<br />

da evropul pasportsac im dRes<br />

gasdioda vada. es zed wasvlis win aRmovaCine.<br />

germanul uwyebebSi sirbilis<br />

dro aRar darCa, amitom araferi<br />

damrCenoda _ egeb da gamimarTlos.<br />

malmos eqspresi sadRac Ramis orze<br />

Cavida zasnicis navsadgomSi. egeb gamimarTlos<br />

da aRaravin amovides, Tu<br />

arada, Tavs movimZinareb da egeb ver<br />

SemamCnion. Tu gaWirda, patara gogosaviT<br />

moviqcevi: gafarToebuli Tvalebi,<br />

tkbili luRluRi, umweo caxcaxi.<br />

yovelTvis Wris. imedia, guli<br />

mebaJeebsac unda hqondeT.<br />

ise, mTlad darwmunebulic ar viyavi,<br />

rom gavZvrebodi, imitom rom vadagasuli<br />

sabuTi erTia da manqanebis<br />

sadgomis qviTris arqona _ sul sxva.<br />

aseTi fiqri mitrialebda.<br />

zasnicSi CavediT, matarebeli rweva-rweviT<br />

gemis mucelSi Sevida da<br />

mesazRvreebis jeric dadga. bolos<br />

viRaca movida, mRviZars Tavze damadga<br />

da sabuTi momTxova. mivawode da<br />

brZnulad vecade, TariRi ceraTiTiT<br />

damefara. amaod. mebaJes wamis measedi<br />

dasWirda imisaTvis, rom maxvili<br />

TvaliT problemas Caswvdomoda.<br />

`qaliSvilo, Tqvens mowmobas ori<br />

saaTis win gauvida vada~.<br />

kai. Tvalebi farTod gavaxile: `ese<br />

igi, SvedeTSi ar SemiSveben?~<br />

specproeqti<br />

pasuxi ar gaucia, miTxra, momyevio.<br />

ukve vxedavdi, rom borkilebi damades,<br />

moxeleebis gacurebisTvis an<br />

qveyanaSi ukanonod Sesvlis mcdelobiTvis<br />

damapatimres...<br />

mere ki ai, ra moxda: gverdiT<br />

ganyofilebaSi gamiyvana, ujridan<br />

fotoaparati amoiRo da mkiTxa, xurda<br />

ar maqvs, aTi marka geqnebaTo. mere<br />

suraTi gadamiRo da axali mowmoba<br />

damimzada.<br />

sul ubralod.<br />

veraferi gavige. mTeli bavSvoba es<br />

sazRvari, berlinis kedelze gacilebiT<br />

metad, Cemi piradi rkinis farda<br />

iyo. auRebeli. gayinuli. Rrma, bneli<br />

wylis Txrili. boboqari talRebis<br />

kedeli. adgili, sadac yoveldRe vxedavdi,<br />

Cemi samyaro sad mTavrdeboda.<br />

axla ki wesieri mowmobac ar mqonda<br />

_ da gamiSves. ori wuTic da Svede-<br />

Tis karibWe gaixsneba. ise gavSterdi,<br />

rom udanaSaulo gogos roli sul<br />

damaviwyda da gaxevebulma gadavixade<br />

madloba.<br />

roca gemi navsadgomidan gavida,<br />

gembanze avedi. zasnics Sevcqerodi<br />

da cremli mdioda.<br />

guli ar amCuyebia, risxva momawva.<br />

ra banaluri ambavi yofila. yoveldRiuri,<br />

arafrismTqmeli. ubralod,<br />

SvedeTis sazRvari. gaiareT, aq sayurebeli<br />

araferia, gaiareT.<br />

veRar gaviare. cxviridan skvintli<br />

mdioda, maxsendeboda, rogor mewureboda<br />

xolme guli, roca am TeTr<br />

gems vxedavdi. maxsendeboda, rogori<br />

SegrZnebaa, roca samyarodan gariyuli,<br />

aRmosavleTSi datusaRebuli da<br />

daviwyebuli xar.<br />

imwams mivxvdi, rom Sveduri borani<br />

Cemi saSveli iyo. me aRar viyavi ususuri<br />

gogo, baltiis zRvis piras rom<br />

idga, `maT~ Cems cxovrebasTan xeli<br />

aRar hqondaT da usamarTlod mas ve-<br />

Raravin ganagebda. SvedeTi da borani<br />

araferSuaSia; saubaria Tavisuflebaze,<br />

romelic horizontze moCans.<br />

1996 wlis 20 ivnisis Rames Cavedi.<br />

moajirTan videqi da vxedavdi, rogor<br />

qreboda RameSi zasnicis sina-<br />

Tleebi.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 65

specproeqti<br />

When I’m 64<br />

ana korZaia-samadaSvili<br />

erTi akviatebuli sizmari mqonda,<br />

arc cudi, arc kargi, ubralod,<br />

cxovrebis Tanmxlebi iyo: bnel SesasvlelSi<br />

kars vaReb. derefanSic<br />

bnela, magram es araferia, ar me-<br />

Sinia, radgan iqaurobas Cinebulad<br />

vicnob. Sesasvlelidan or nabijSi,<br />

xelmarcxniv, saxelurs vpoulob,<br />

patara oTaxSi Sevdivar, Suqs van-<br />

Teb da vxedav erT mxares wignis<br />

Taroebs, meore mxares _ logins,<br />

win _ Zvel karadas. Zalian dalagebulia<br />

es oTaxio, ver ityvi, magram<br />

esec araferia. Sevdivar am oTaxSi,<br />

Tarodan wigns viReb, stafilosfer<br />

toms, `uTavo mxedari~, dawolas<br />

da wakiTxvas vgegmav da Zalian<br />

kargad vgrZnob Tavs, imitom, rom<br />

es sinamdvileSi arasodes naxuli<br />

oTaxi Cemia, Cemi saxlia.<br />

didxans vxedavdi am sizmars, mere<br />

_ aRara, bolos mimaviwyda kidec.<br />

sul cota xnis winaT, erTi wignis<br />

koreqtura unda gamekeTebina.<br />

amonabeWdi Taroebze davde _<br />

66 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

ra meCqareba? mTavaria, Cabarebis<br />

bolo vada guSin ar iyos... hoda,<br />

erT dResac mivedi saxlSi da vifiqre,<br />

namusic kargi saqonelia,<br />

jandabas, Sevudgebi-meTqi saqmes.<br />

Sevedi oTaxSi, avanTe Suqi da Tarodan<br />

gadmoviRe ara stafilosferi<br />

tomi, aramed A4-ze amobeWdili<br />

wigni, gind daijereT, gind _ ara,<br />

`uTavo mxedari~. da umalve vicani:<br />

erT mxares _ wignis Taroebi, meore<br />

mxares _ logini, win _ Zveli karada.<br />

Zalian dalagebulia es oTaxio,<br />

ver vityvi, magram ai, dardi, imitom,<br />

rom manamde sizmarSi asgzis<br />

naxuli oTaxi Cemia, Cemi saxlia, da<br />

Tu vinmes ar moswons, SeuZlia, sul<br />

ar Sexedos; me iq Zalad SeTreuli<br />

aravin minaxavs.<br />

. . .<br />

is, rasac qoneba hqvia, CemTvis<br />

amouxsnel gamocanad darCa. Cemi<br />

sabralo, sabWoeTSi Camoyalibebuli<br />

tvini verafriT ver xvdeba,<br />

ratom unda iyidos kacma veneciis<br />

romelime palaco. rad minda? ramden<br />

oTaxSi unda daviZino? amis-<br />

Tana ra unda gamasuqos gamCenma,<br />

rom Cveulebriv derefanSi ver gaviaro?<br />

verafriT vxvdebi, ratom<br />

yiduloben adamianebi saxlebs dedamiwis<br />

sxvadasxva mxareebSi _ Tu<br />

amdeni fuli meqneba, yvelaze karg<br />

sastumroebSi vicxovreb, yvelaze<br />

gemriel kerZebs SevWam, swored<br />

imas vnaxav, rac gamixardeba, da am<br />

dros araferze vidardeb, radgan<br />

_ damijereT, Cemxela qalisa tyuilic<br />

daijereba, _ sakuTreba Tavis<br />

tkivilia da meti araferi.<br />

ara, kidev erTi ramaa: damRupveli,<br />

ZirgamomTxreli, cxovrebis<br />

Semcvleli siyvaruli. miSveleT,<br />

xalxo! me Seyvarebuli var!<br />

me miyvars saxli, da me, qals, romelmac<br />

zustad icis, rom kerZo<br />

sakuTrebis nebismieri forma, TviT<br />

ojaxic ki, totaluri mamaZaRlobaa,<br />

Cemi, sakuTari saxli miyvars,

da imis warmodgenaze, rom is SeiZleba<br />

odesme Cemi aRar iyos, guli<br />

miCerdeba.<br />

rac erTad varT, sxva qveyana-<br />

Si cxovrebis azri aRar momsvlia.<br />

saxlma Tbiliss, rogorc Cans, saSviliSvilod<br />

mimaWeda. mis WerqveS<br />

gaTenebuli ramdenime Ramis Semdeg<br />

sxvagan darCena aSkarad aRar mixaria<br />

da sul avtopilotic rom mWirdebodes,<br />

mainc mivaRwev, simRer-simReriT:<br />

`When I’m 64...~ me misi iseTi<br />

erTguli var, rom Tavadac mikvirs,<br />

da saxlic amiT mpasuxobs: yovel-<br />

Tvis miRebs, Cemi misvla yovelTvis<br />

uxaria da upirobod vuyvarvar.<br />

rac ar unda vqna, vuyvarvar. Cven<br />

Tormeti welia, erTmaneTze vgiJdebiT.<br />

mas mere, rac Cems cxovrebaSi<br />

es saxli gaCnda, gavuge maT, vinc<br />

quCis brZolebSi iRupebodnen. gasagebi<br />

gaxda gamoTqma: `vai usaxlkaros~.<br />

axla mesmis, ratom iTvleboda<br />

saxl-karis gadawva ojaxis<br />

wevris mkvlelobis tolfasad. mas<br />

mere, rac saxli myavs, CemTvis laparaki<br />

damCemda, yovel SemTxvevaSi,<br />

gareSe Tvali verasodes mixvdeba,<br />

rom saxls velaparakebi, xolo Tu<br />

mixvda, da, miT umetes, teqsti Tu<br />

gaigona _ ehehei, aniCka, es ra mogsvlia!<br />

`salami, saxloviC! _ vRriancelob<br />

karis gaRebisas, _ xom xar magrada<br />

da magrada?~<br />

`aba, Sen ici da Senma saxlobam! _<br />

vubareb gasvlisas, _ Sen dardi ar<br />

gqondes, male Camoval da silamazeebs<br />

Camogitan~.<br />

da Camomaqvs kidec. saCuqari imas,<br />

saCuqari amas da erTic _ saxls.<br />

aTasgvari sisulele, oRond praqtikuli,<br />

rom saxlovskis zedmeti<br />

bargi ar avkido. me ki baraqians vikideb<br />

xolme: zurgiT maqvs naTrevi<br />

Tujis sakidebi, uzarmazari qva<br />

_ sanaTuri, romelic saxlovskis<br />

klimaturi Taviseburebebis gamo,<br />

vaglax, gacocxlda (ar gamifrenia,<br />

marTla: stalaqtiti Tu stalagmiti<br />

yofila da gubis dayeneba dasCemda).<br />

mudmivi stumrebic ukve Cemi<br />

ki ara, saxlis stumrebi arian da<br />

misTvis zrunaven: anTiam saferfle<br />

moutana, ueWvelia, sadRac awapnili,<br />

evem jibe gaukeTa _ vardisferi<br />

konverti, romelic krizisis fonze,<br />

vaglax, carielia, magram arsebobs.<br />

Cemi da saxlis Wiqebi Tbilisis Ramis<br />

cxovrebaze srul warmodgenas<br />

iZleva, TeTreuli stumrebis hipur<br />

suliskveTebaze metyvelebs,<br />

xolo temperatura imis dasturia,<br />

rom мы в воде ледянной не тонем и в<br />

огне почти не горим...<br />

mavanni mixsniT, rom es saxli<br />

unda gavyido da sxva unda viyido,<br />

radgan saxli moxucia, avadaa, da<br />

mTlad Tavxedebi imis Tqmasac ki<br />

mibedaven, rom misi sneuleba Sei-<br />

Zleba gadamdebi aRmoCndes. Zalian<br />

Wkvianuri rCevaa: Cemi didi siyvaruli<br />

iseT tips unda davuTmo,<br />

romelsac is moxucad, avadmyofad<br />

da fuWad miaCnia, romelic masTan<br />

kontrabanda<br />

gigi guledani<br />

Cemi sofeli svaneTSi, ruseTis<br />

sazRvarTanac axlosaa da afxazeTis<br />

sazRvarTanac. is iTvleba<br />

xeobis centralur dasaxlebad,<br />

magram arc erT rukaze araa datanili,<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />

gacilebiT ufro patara garSemo<br />

soflebi (da rukebze zogjer amave<br />

soflis calkeuli ubnebic ki)<br />

aRniSnulia xolme, magram mTlianad<br />

sofeli _ arasdros. ra Sei-<br />

Zleba iyos amis mizezi, eSmakma<br />

uwyis. mamaCems vkiTxe, ar icoda.<br />

megobrebs vuTxari da, _ raime<br />

specproeqti<br />

erTad ki ar icxovrebs, aramed TavisTvis<br />

amuSavebs, da RamiT martos<br />

datovebs, da awyeninebs, da dascinebs...<br />

ara!<br />

mogaxsenebT, briyvebo, rom samSoblos<br />

da saxls ar vyidi, rom deda<br />

moxucic dedaa, rom Tu karg gamokvlevas<br />

CaitarebT, Tqven ufro<br />

avadmyofebi aRmoCndebiT (hehe!), me<br />

ki saxli arafers gadamdebs, radgan<br />

raqitis asaki gamivida, jansaRi<br />

saxsrebi maqvs da kameliebiani qalbatonis<br />

namdvil ambavs Cemze veravin<br />

moyveba. ololo Tqven!<br />

es Cemi sayvareli sazRvaria:<br />

zRurbli, romelsac gadavabijeb _<br />

da SenTan var, saxlovski.<br />

dae, iwvimos, iTovos _ TavSi qva<br />

ixalos da mucelSi samarTebeli! kedlebi<br />

sqelia, mtkice, saxuravamde ki<br />

Zalian Soria. dae, iyefon quCis ZaRlebma<br />

_ axlos mainc ver movlen, Cveni<br />

mura yvelas moereva. mere ra, rom<br />

xandaxan uadgilo adgilebidan wyali<br />

gvasxams _ egeTebi gadagvitania? mere<br />

ra, rom qalaqis mesveurebma pativi<br />

dagvdes da zogi kari ar gveReba da<br />

zogi ar gveketeba _ Cvens garda aq<br />

Zvirfasi araferia, da Cveni waRebac,<br />

me Tu mkiTxav, ar Rirs. ase rom, Sen<br />

nurafris dardi nu geqneba, Sen rogor<br />

Segelevi, saxlovski. sadRa vipovi<br />

SenisTana CemisTana saxls?<br />

da vicxovrebT ase, me da Cemi<br />

saxlovski, da erTmaneTi Zalian<br />

gveyvareba, maSinac, roca 64-is gavxdebi.<br />

saidumlo obieqtebi xom ar ariso;<br />

meTqi, ra sisulelea...<br />

ra saidumlo obieqti _ erTi<br />

klubia soflis centrSi naxevrad<br />

gamocvlili, erTi samsarTuliani<br />

skola, sasaflao, axali eklesia,<br />

Zveli maRaziebi, bevri kalmaxi<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 67

specproeqti<br />

mdinareSi (romelzec soflidan<br />

mdinaris saTaveebisken asuli<br />

xalxi dinamitiT nadirobs xolme)<br />

da axali fexburTis moedani.<br />

klubs SarSan gamoucvales gadaxurva,<br />

oRond marto nawilobriv,<br />

imitom, rom `centridan~ gamoyofili<br />

fuli mTel saxuravs ar eyo<br />

da aseve axal fexburTis moedans<br />

sami wyeba rkinis bade standartuli<br />

modeliT karebebs ukan<br />

aqvT, maSin roca am SemTxvevaSi<br />

mdinaris gaswvriv unda hqonoda,<br />

radgan, rogorc wesi, swored<br />

mdinareSi gadafrenili burTebi<br />

ikargeba xolme yvelaze xSirad.<br />

swored aq bolo omis dros,<br />

aTi agvistos dilas aivanze rom<br />

gamovedi da Cem pirdapir marmarilos<br />

myinvars avxede, zed<br />

uzarmazari asoebiT ewera: `vania,<br />

Celiabinsk. avgust, 2008~, razec,<br />

ra Tqma unda, elda meca, magram<br />

ezoSi wyaroze piri rom davibane,<br />

myinvars xelmeored avxede,<br />

aRmoCnda, rom warwera sizmridan<br />

gadmoyolili halucinaciis nawili<br />

iyo.<br />

bolodroindeli sizmrebidan<br />

ki ramdenime iyo iseTi, romle-<br />

68 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

bic ase Tu ise sazRvrebis darRvevas<br />

an gadalaxvas ukavSirdeboda.<br />

erTi xdeboda rokis gvirabSi,<br />

erTi saqarTvelo-somxeT-azerbaijanis<br />

sazRvarze, erTi Turqe-<br />

Tis sazRvarze, erTic tajikeTavRaneTis,<br />

sadac TiTqos me da<br />

Cemi megobari sayofacxovrebo<br />

teqnikis haSiSze gadasacvlelad<br />

CavediT.<br />

am oTxi siuJetidan mxolod<br />

TurqeTis sazRvris epizodi dasrulda<br />

tragikulad _ specnazis<br />

snaiperebma umowyalod Cacxriles<br />

TurqeTidan gadmosuli samxedro<br />

jipi da adgilze myofma<br />

televiziam Tavisi mikroavtobusidan<br />

satelitebze gadasca manqanidan<br />

gadmosuli dasisxlianebuli<br />

koreeli jariskacis saxe.<br />

saidan moxvda koreeli jariskaci<br />

Turqul samxedro jipSi da<br />

ratom gamoarRvia am adamianma<br />

TurqeT-saqarTvelos sazRvari,<br />

amoucnobi darCa. fonis specanalizma<br />

perimetrze veranairi radiacia<br />

ver aRmoaCina.<br />

am erTis garda, danarCeni `sasazRvro<br />

epizodebi~ bednierad<br />

sruldeboda xolme. maxsovs,<br />

rokis gvirabidan ruseTisken<br />

sul xoxviT gavaRwie da rusi<br />

mesazRvreebiT garSemortymuls<br />

fotokamerebis Cxakunis meti<br />

aRaraferi mesmoda, magram mixaroda,<br />

rom mSvidobiT gadavrCi.<br />

im wuTas xelSi meWira sicocxlis<br />

ori garantia _ bevri Jurnalisti<br />

garSemo da ucxo, magram simpaTiuri<br />

axalgazrda kaci pijak-<br />

Si, romelic operatorebis ukan<br />

idga, gabrwyinebuli saxiT Tvals<br />

mikravda da TiTebiT maCvenebda<br />

gamarjvebis niSans (`V~). mivxvdi,<br />

rom is CemiT amayobda.<br />

saqarTvelo-somxeT-azerbaijanis<br />

sazRvarze me da Cemi megobari<br />

visxediT maRlobze, xan<br />

erT qveyanas gadavxedavdiT, xan<br />

meores da yurSi ratomRac sa-<br />

galoblebi Cagvesmoda. `samxreT<br />

sazRvarze cvlilebebi ar aris~,<br />

_ CavZaxeT bazas raciaSi.<br />

tajikeTs rac Seexeba, mand<br />

me da Cemma megobarma ubralod<br />

areulobiTa da rusul-tajikuri<br />

korufciiT visargebleT. tajikur<br />

(anu yofil sabWoTa) sazRvars<br />

maSin (90-ianebSi, da albaT<br />

dResac) rusebi akontrolebdnen.

Talibebi RamRamobiT masobrivi<br />

SturmebiT awvebodnen avRaneTidan.<br />

sazRvrispira srolaSi<br />

bevri ixoceboda, magram amasTan<br />

erTad iyo TanamSromlobis sanimuSo<br />

magaliTebic, da Sedegad,<br />

duSanbedan wyvetilad wamosuli<br />

opiatebis TeTri nakadebi moZme<br />

respublikebSi regularulad nawildeboda.<br />

asrulebda Tu ara Tavis funqcias<br />

tajikuri sazRvari? ra Tqma<br />

unda, asrulebda, Tu davuSvebT,<br />

rom sazRvari aris xazi romelic<br />

or samyaros erTmaneTisgan mijnavs.<br />

ras akavebdnen rusi mesazRvreebi<br />

_ Talibebis gavlenas<br />

Tu narkotrafiks? albaT ufro<br />

Talibebs, radgan narkotrafiki,<br />

rogorc ukve vTqviT, isec da<br />

asec awyobilad muSaobda. eWvi<br />

maqvs, rusebs egonaT, rom Talibebs<br />

tajikeTze ideologiuri<br />

gavlenis gavrceleba undodaT,<br />

arada, eseni sinamdvileSi, ubralod<br />

narkotrasebisTvis ibrZodnen.<br />

SeZles Tu ara mxareebma TavianTi<br />

miznis miRweva? eSmakma<br />

uwyis. arc maSin da arc axla<br />

amaze detalur informacias ar<br />

vflob, am geopolitikur frontebze<br />

me WianWvelas wonac ki ar<br />

maqvs _ ubralod cifruli kamerebis<br />

partia gadavcvale ramdenime<br />

kilo haSiSSi (es iyo da es)<br />

da wamovedi TviTmfrinaviT ukan.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, arc duSanbesa da<br />

arc Tbilisis aeroportebSi wi-<br />

Teli (sasazRvro kontrolis)<br />

xazi ar gadamikveTia. ra saWiroa<br />

zedmeti beWdebi pasportSi?<br />

mokled, Cemi mokrZalebuli<br />

gamocdilebiT, yvela sazRvari<br />

akrZalvaze mianiSnebs. Tu Cven<br />

winaa sazRvari, es imas niSnavs,<br />

rom amis iqiT raRacis gakeTeba<br />

ar SeiZleba. kargia Tu ara es?<br />

mTavari sazRvris molodinSi<br />

giorgi gvaxaria<br />

`TurqiSis~ TviTmfrinavebSi rom<br />

patara ekranebia damontaJebuli,<br />

vgiJdebi, ise momwons. vuyureb<br />

rukas da vxvdebi, sada var.. rac<br />

mTavaria, dro ase ufro swrafad<br />

gadis.<br />

CemTvis es procesi ormagad sasiamovnoa.<br />

araerTxel minaxavs<br />

sizmarSi zevidan danaxuli qalaqi,<br />

zevidan danaxuli qveyana, zevidan<br />

danaxuli planeta. dafrinav da<br />

uyureb! drodadro Tvals Wutav,<br />

ukeT rom dainaxo. an dabla eSvebi,<br />

raTa Seexo yvelafers, rac mogwons.<br />

sanam am ekranebs daamontaJebdnen,<br />

TviTmfrinavSi radiomimRebs<br />

vrTavdi xolme. ukrainul enas<br />

ruminuli cvlida, ruminuls ungruli,<br />

ungruls _ germanuli...<br />

franguli enis gagonebisTanave<br />

vxvdebodi, rom TviTmfrinavi parizs<br />

miuaxlovda!<br />

esec Taviseburi netareba iyo _<br />

specproeqti<br />

Cemi azriT, sazRvari ar atarebs<br />

dadebiT muxts, imitom rom, rogorc<br />

wesi, sxvisgan Tavsmoxveul<br />

akrZalvasa da gareSe kontrols<br />

gulisxmobs. Tumca, sazRvrebis<br />

gauqmebisTvis deklarirebuli<br />

brZola infantilurobad mimaCnia:<br />

ra saWiroa los-anjeleseli<br />

marqsisti studentis doneze<br />

dasvla, roca yovelTvis mosula<br />

molaparakeba TamaSis wesebze?<br />

`SeTanxmeba savizo reJimis gamartivebis<br />

Sesaxeb~; `SeTanxmeba sazRvris<br />

gadakveTis gamartivebis<br />

Sesaxeb~; `SeTanxmeba kavSirSi gawevrianebis<br />

Sesaxeb~.<br />

da Tu eseni ar muSaobs, yovelTvis<br />

SeiZleba cxovrebiT gadaRlili<br />

rusi generlis moZebna,<br />

romelic nebismier tvirTs,<br />

nebismier sazRvarze xakisferi<br />

TviTmfrinavebiT uproblemod<br />

gadmogataninebs.<br />

jer erTi, ase ufro swrafad gadioda<br />

dro im tanjvaSi, romelsac<br />

`frena~ hqvia (CemTvis, frena yvelaze<br />

saSineli tanjvaa) da meorec<br />

_ enebis cvla badebda samyaros<br />

dauflebis gancdas, mTlianobisa<br />

da mravalferovnebis erTianobis<br />

SegrZnebas.<br />

sabWoTa epoqaSi gazrdilisTvis<br />

Tavisufali gadaadgilebis ufleba<br />

yvelaze didi saCuqari iyo, rac<br />

iRbalma momaniWa. Sengenis vizebi<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 69

specproeqti<br />

roca SemoiRes, mTeli weli vagrovebdi<br />

fuls, evropa rom dameTvalierebina.<br />

axla vixseneb, ra damrCa<br />

im mogzaurobidan? kiolnis<br />

taZari? romis kolizeumi? briuselis<br />

`grand plasi~? gaudis saxlebi<br />

barselonaSi? ara da ara. yvelaze<br />

waruSleli gancda am qveynebs<br />

Soris gauqmebuli sazRvari iyo;<br />

aeroportSi pasportis `damTvalierebeli~<br />

mesazRvris sazizRar<br />

mzeras gadavurCi, matarebelSi<br />

aRar Semosulan ucnaurad Cacmuli<br />

qalebi da kacebi, romlebic kidev<br />

ufro met kiTxvas gisvamen, vidre<br />

maTi kolegebi aeroportSi...<br />

magram evropaSi yvelaze sasiamovno<br />

mainc manqaniT mogzauroba gaxda;<br />

avtobanebze gauqmda sasazRvro<br />

punqtebi, uamrav adamians rom<br />

daakargvines cxovrebis Zvirfasi<br />

dro _ wuTebi, saaTebi, dReebic ki<br />

(am sasazRvro punqtebTan xom, rogorc<br />

wesi, ugrZelesi rigi idga).<br />

erTi qveynidan meoreSi moxvedra<br />

ramdenime wamSi gaxda SesaZlebeli;<br />

da sizmarSi frenisa ar iyos,<br />

am SemTxvevaSic sul ramdenime<br />

wamSi icvleboda ena, faqtura,<br />

stili, dizaini, ganaTeba; germania-safrangeTis<br />

sazRvarze, ufro<br />

sworad ukve gauqmebuli sazRvris<br />

or mxares, sruliad gansxvavebul<br />

yavas aduRebdnen, gansxvavebuli<br />

gemo hqonda luds, kruasans...<br />

CemTvis, adamianisTvis, romelic<br />

lamis mTeli cxovreba sazRvris<br />

gauqmebas qadagebda, es `Sengenis<br />

zona~ axali sicocxlis dasawyisi<br />

iyo... Tanac imis imedi, rom `zona~<br />

gafarTovdeboda da cota xanSi<br />

Cvenc aRmovCndebodiT kiolnis<br />

taZris, romis kolizeumis, gaudis<br />

saxlebis sivrceSi.<br />

Cven... ver mogarTviT batono.<br />

evrokavSiri ki ara, ager nato-s<br />

`mosawvevic~ ar gvaRirses. magram<br />

kargi dRe ar daudga arc saerTo<br />

evropul saxls, romlis mSeneblobis<br />

utopia qSiStof kiSlovskim<br />

jer kidev 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi<br />

gamoxata `veronikas ormag cxovrebaSi~;<br />

sazRvari yovelTvis iqnebao,<br />

_ amtkicebda kiSlovski.radgan am<br />

planetas `bednierebis maragi~ SezRuduli<br />

aqvs, viRacam aucileblad<br />

viRacis xarjze unda icxovros da<br />

aucileblad unda iyos kedliT, sazRvriT<br />

gamoyofilio.<br />

sazRvris gauqmebasTan erTad<br />

usaSvelod daemsgavsnen erTmaneTs<br />

franguli, germanuli, espanuri,<br />

italiuri qalaqebi; daiwyo<br />

`tiraJireba~ fexiT mosiaruleTa<br />

ubnebis, TavianTi `zaraTi~ da `H<br />

& M~-iT. erTnairi fuli, erTnairi<br />

maRaziebi da inglisuri ena, romelic<br />

arcTu ise iSviaTad adgi-<br />

kavkasiuri carcis sazRvari<br />

SoTa gagarini<br />

erTi ZvelisZveli franguli filmi<br />

gamaxsenda axla _ „kanoni kanonia~<br />

(La Loi C’est la Loi). fernandeli da<br />

toto TamaSoben. Zalian magari filmia.<br />

siuJeti viTardeba italiurfrangul<br />

sazRvarze aRmocenebul<br />

patara qalaqSi. erTi inspeqtoria,<br />

romelic Tavisi yofili colis<br />

qmars da bavSvobis megobars dasdevs.<br />

is-isaa unda Caavlos, rom saSinel<br />

70 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

ambavs igebs _ Turme igi, safrange-<br />

Tis ki ara, italiis mxares dabadebula<br />

da maSasadame safrangeTis iurisdiqciis<br />

qveS myof `borotmoqmeds~<br />

ver daakavebs; metic, saswrafod<br />

unda miatovos ojaxi, saxli, kari da<br />

dabrundes ukan, samSobloSi... quCis<br />

gadaRma. sabralo iwyebs CaliCs, rom<br />

rogorme daibrunos safrangeTis<br />

moqalaqeoba, raRac maqinaciur sqe-<br />

lobriv enaze ufro xSirad ismis,<br />

sazRvrebis gauqmebis tendenciis<br />

gagrZelebaa.<br />

sazRvris gadakveTa iq, sadac<br />

odesRac sasazRvro punqti moqmedebda,<br />

aRaranair rituals ar<br />

warmoadgens. yavasac ukve erTnairi<br />

gemo aqvs germaniasa da safrangeTSi.<br />

ras niSnavs es? sazRvrebi vinatroT?<br />

ratomac ara. Tuki Tavisuflad<br />

gagvatareben, aqeT-iqiT<br />

moZraobis, frenis uflebas mogvcemen,<br />

ratomac ar unda vinatroT<br />

mravalferovani planeta,<br />

romlis Svilebi sxvadasxva enaze<br />

ilaparakeben, sxvadasxva fuli eqnebaT,<br />

sxvadasxvanairi maRaziebi,<br />

magram erTmaneTTan urTierTobas<br />

ar gawyveten. icxovreben ase _<br />

mravalferovan erTianobaSi<br />

ratom ar SeiZleba?<br />

anda, rom vicodeT, rom mTavari<br />

sazRvris, sikvdil-sicocxlis<br />

sazRvris gadakveTis SemTxvevaSi,<br />

isev SegveZleba ukan dabruneba,<br />

xom aRar SegveSindeba xifaTis?<br />

gadavalT da davbrundebiT _ araa<br />

problema!<br />

magram, vai, rom ar viciT, gamogvatareben<br />

Tu ara ukan, planetaze,<br />

romelic, miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />

`bednierebis maragi~ SezRuduli<br />

aqvs, mainc Zalian sayvarelia.<br />

masac SeimuSavebs, magram kacs bedi<br />

rom ar geqneba... saboloo jamSi igi<br />

italiis moqalaqeobasac kargavs da<br />

rCeba samSoblos gareSe. mTeli cxovreba<br />

sazRvarze unda gaataros.<br />

faqtobriv da fiqtiur saxelmwifoebs<br />

Soris sazRvrebma garkveuli<br />

aqtualoba CemTvis mas Semdeg Sei-<br />

Zina, rac ulamazes soxumel gogonasTan<br />

SevuRldi. gamogitydebiT,

manamde es sazRvrebi CemSi raRac<br />

bundovan, yavlgasul, baneridan<br />

„gvaxsovdes afxazeTis~ tipis mowodebisgan<br />

gamowveul grZnobas aRvivebda.<br />

ai, warsulebis sadRegrZeloSi<br />

viRac SenTvis sruliad ucxo<br />

tips rom moixsenieb, maspinZlis xa-<br />

TriT. axla ki raRacnairad, TiTqos<br />

ufro naRdi, ufro pragmatuli datvirTva<br />

miiRo; miT umetes _ bolo<br />

dros, rodesac qarTul-afxazuri<br />

da qarTul-osuri sazRvari, qar-<br />

Tul-rusuli sazRvris konteqstSi<br />

ganixileba.<br />

oh es sazRvrebi... aravin davobs,<br />

sazRvari imisTvisaa, rom daicva. magram<br />

konkretulad rogor unda daicva?<br />

xom arsebobs dacvis sxvadasxva<br />

taqtika.<br />

zogi imasac ambobs, _ saukeTeso<br />

Tavdacva Tavdasxmaao.<br />

ise mainc netav rame azri aqvs sazRvrebis<br />

da barikadebis arsebobas<br />

erTmaneTis msgavsebs Soris? maT Soris,<br />

vinc erTnairad fiqroben, erTi<br />

da igiveze ocneboben, erTnairad<br />

uyvarT deda, coli, samSoblo. Tumca<br />

vin icis. me isic minaxavs, Zmebi<br />

erTmaneTs rogor aginebdnen, _ Seni<br />

wili dedaco. arada, deda saerToa.<br />

deda aSkarad saerToa.<br />

ho, deda saerToa, roca aqac iseve<br />

iqcevian, rogorc „iq~, roca geub-<br />

nebian, rom patriotisTvis „lideri<br />

yovelTvis marTalia~, roca „mTavaria,<br />

iseTi magari tipi iyo, rom masebis<br />

marTva SegeZlos~.<br />

Tqveni ar vici, magram me marTla<br />

meSinia, roca sazRvrebis dacvis<br />

aucileblobis argumentiT amar-<br />

Tleben totalitarul tendenciebs.<br />

marTla geubnebiT, aqamde ubralod<br />

vyoymanobdi Svilis ambavze, am garemosTvis<br />

ver vimetebdi, axla ukve<br />

lamisaa, saerTod vazeqtomiis gake-<br />

Tebaze vifiqro.<br />

ara, gasagebia, rom kargia, Tu bavSvma<br />

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sazogadoebebs qmnian ara<br />

marto imisTvis, rom erTmaneTs<br />

sakuTari Sinauri cxovelebis ancobaze<br />

esaubron, aramed imis-<br />

Tvis, rom realuri Zalisxmeva moaxmaron<br />

kibersivrcis gareT maTi<br />

garemomcveli samyaros Secvlas.<br />

iqneba es mcire socialur-politikuri<br />

gaerTianebebi Tu `mebr-<br />

ZolTa klubis~ msgavsi kulturu-<br />

li Jamming-is jgufebi.<br />

es cxovrebaa samarTeblis pirze,<br />

saxifaTo da momajadoebeli.<br />

cxovrebis wamebi, romlis intensivoba<br />

Rirs imad, rom dagaviwydes<br />

mSvidi da uzrunveli sibere<br />

da gadaeSva kibersivrcis fsiqodelur<br />

mogzaurobaSi. mogzaurobaSi,<br />

romelic erTdroulad<br />

momxibvlelicaa da saxifaToc;<br />

brwyinvale da idumalebiT moculic.<br />

magaliTad iseTi, rogoric<br />

e.w. Darknet-ia, qselis `bneli~ mxare.<br />

is bevrisTvis SeiZleba ucnobi<br />

iyos. magram am jurRmulebSi mravali<br />

axali idea ibadeba. idea, Tu<br />

rogor dauZvre saxelmwifo Tu<br />

sxva sazogadoebriv represiul<br />

aparatebs da Seiqmna sakuTari,<br />

Tundac droebiTi, avtonomiuri<br />

zona.<br />

dRes qselis saSualebiT Sei-<br />

Zleba axali xelovnebis Seqmna,<br />

romelic Tavis srulyofas mxolod<br />

qselSi Tu miaRwevda. iqneba<br />

es xelovnuri inteleqtis Seqmnis<br />

mcdeloba, romelic axali literaturis<br />

nimuSebis generacias<br />

daiwyebs, boti 4 , romelic internetSi<br />

performansebs moawyobs,<br />

Tu konveis Game of Life-is 5 TviTganviTarebadi<br />

virtualuri ujreduli<br />

koloniis cocxali suraTi.<br />

qselSi xSirad vpoulob xolme<br />

im iSviaT nivTebs, romlebsac<br />

internetis gareSe Znelad Tu mivagnebdi.<br />

brainpaint.com-ze swored<br />

amgvar mowyobilobebs da programul<br />

uzrunvelyofas gadavawydi.<br />

teqnologiurma garRvevam<br />

stimuli misca axali interfeisebis<br />

SemuSavebas, romelic saSualebas<br />

gvaZlevs, ufro mWidro<br />

da uSualo urTierToba gvqondes<br />

kibersamyarosTan. neironuli<br />

ukukavSiris garnitura saSulebas<br />

specproeqti<br />

gvaZlevs, kompiuteri mxolod gonebis<br />

daZabviT vmarToT da misi<br />

meSveobiT SevqmnaT siurrealisturi<br />

ferweruli namuSevrebi an<br />

sivrceSi sxvadasxva sagnebi gadavaadgiloT,<br />

maT Soris _ magali-<br />

Tad, unarSezRuduli adamianis<br />

savarZeli.<br />

portatuli gajetebi, mobiluri<br />

interneti kidev erTi nabijia<br />

qselSi Cveni CarTulobis gasazrdelad.<br />

Semdegi nabiji implantantebi<br />

da nanoteqnologiaa,<br />

romlebic saSualebas mogvcems,<br />

informacia uSualod gavcvaloT<br />

sxva realur Tu virtualur arsebebTan,<br />

an Tundac im xelovnur<br />

gonTan, romelsac aseTi interesiT<br />

da SiSiT elodeba kacobrioba.<br />

momavlis teqnologiebis en-<br />

Tuziastebi, magaliTad iseTebi,<br />

rogoric tim liri iyo, sruliad<br />

fantastikur proeqtebs gvTavazoben;<br />

iqneba es cnobierebis<br />

mdgomareobis Secvla qselTan<br />

simbiozis gansaxorcieleblad Tu<br />

sakuTari gonis internetSi gadatana<br />

sikvdilis Semdeg.<br />

am eleqtronuli frontiris<br />

wina xazze amoucnobis pionerebi<br />

arian, teqnologia maTTvis, iseve,<br />

rogorc oqro pirveli amerikeli<br />

oqrosmaZieblebisTvis, mxolod<br />

sababia sakuTari moxetiale<br />

daudgromeli da interesiani bunebis<br />

realizaciisaTvis.<br />

es swored is sazRvaria, romelic<br />

Cveul samyaros ucnob, faTerakebiT<br />

aRsavse sainformacio qaosidan<br />

gamoyofs. sazRvari, sadac<br />

cxovreba yovelTvis sainteresoa,<br />

radgan aqedan nebismier wams SemiZlia<br />

gadavdga nabiji amoucnobisken<br />

da mqondes imedi, rom<br />

samyaro Tavis momxibvlelobas<br />

arasdros dakargavs.<br />

1<br />

sagani Tavis TavSi<br />

2<br />

piringuli qseli (Peer-to-peer), qseli romlis saSualebiTac misi monawileebi uSualod ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs da romelic gulisxmobs monawileebis<br />

Tanasworobas. aseT qselebSi ar aris gamoyofili serverebi da TiToeuli monawile erTdroulad aris rogorc klienti aseve serveri. magali-<br />

Tad BitTorrent, Soulseek da eDonkey.<br />

3<br />

Web 2.0 gulisxmobs qselSi kontentis Sevsebas misi momxmareblebis meSveobiT. amis magaliTia blogebi, socialuri qselebi da Wiki.<br />

4<br />

kompiuteruli programa, romelic damoukideblad muSaobs qselSi.<br />

5<br />

ujreduli avtomati, romelic sivrceSi cocxali organizmebis koloniis simulacias axdens.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 75

dokumenturi proza<br />

sxvebis qveyana<br />

avtori: sandro naveriani<br />

pirveli, rac avRaneTSi Cemi damoukidebeli<br />

cxovrebis dros gavakeTe,<br />

is iyo, ro wavedi fostaSi<br />

da Cemi colis Txovnis Sesrulebas<br />

mivyavi xeli. ori sityviT davwere<br />

werili, ro Cavedi, kargad var,<br />

RmerTo Cemo, aseTi silamaze arsad<br />

minaxavs da msgavsi sawerilo Sinaarsis<br />

winadadebebi. Cavde konvertSi,<br />

davartyi marka da didi siamayiT gavuSvire<br />

fostis qals, romelmac 60<br />

centis ekvivalenti CamiCoTqa avRanur<br />

avRanebSi (afghan), gamiRima da<br />

erTmaneTs mzeriT davemSvidobeT.<br />

Cemi coli romantikosia (mec viyavi<br />

erT dros) da konvertiT miRebuli<br />

werili xo warmogidgeniaT,<br />

ras niSnavs misTvis?! darwmunebuli<br />

viyavi, werils sanTlis Suqze waiki-<br />

Txavda, an wvimian aminds daelodeboda.<br />

ramdenime dReSi msgavsi procedura<br />

kvlav gavimeore. maSin ukve Suqrias<br />

vicnobdi da misi rCeviT mxolod<br />

Ria baraTi SeviZine qabulis<br />

xediT da zedve davwere sayvareli<br />

adamianisTvis Soreuli qveynidan sa-<br />

Tqmeli sityvebi. Ria baraTs markac<br />

mivakari, 1966 wels gamoSvebuli,<br />

romelic jer kidev ZalaSia. Suqriam<br />

76 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

Ria baraTis gagzavna imitom mirCia,<br />

rom daluqul konvertebs saguldagulod<br />

amowmeben sabaJoze da ufro<br />

didxans andomebs adresatamde misvlaso.<br />

avRaneTSi yofnis dros Tanamedrove,<br />

dasavlur cxovrebas mowyurebul<br />

axalgazrda avRanel gogoeb-<br />

Si didi popularobiT sargeblobda<br />

indoeTSi warmoebuli mwvaneZiriani<br />

Savi fexsacmeli. qabulis mdidrul<br />

ubnebSi, sadac Raribebic mravlad<br />

daiarebodnen, aTidan or gogos<br />

mainc ecva aseTi fexsacmeli. erTi<br />

SexedviT amaSi araferi gasakviri<br />

ar aris, miT ufro CvenTvis _ Tavisuflad<br />

SeiZleba saqarTvelos<br />

bolo oci wlis istoria `jeqsonebis~,<br />

`piramidebis~, Savi `levisebis~<br />

da `reibanebis~, `kabaSarvlebis~ da<br />

rezinis botebis (`valinka~) epoqebad<br />

davyoT. amitomac CavTvale,<br />

rom avRaneTSi, kerZod ki qabulSi,<br />

induri warmoebis mwvaneZiriani Savi<br />

fexsacmlis epoqaa da verc verafers<br />

gavigebdi, rom ara sastumros<br />

damlagebeli axalgazrda gogo Suqria.<br />

Suqria tipiuri avRanelia,<br />

gaWirvebuli da fulis saSovnelad<br />

yvelaferze wamsvleli. vgulisxmob<br />

iseT saqmes, rac, magaliTad, saqar-<br />

TveloSi bevrs eTakileba _ cocxs<br />

xom ar aviReb xelSi da rame. ori<br />

kviris ganmavlobaSi SuqriasTan sakmaod<br />

Tbili urTierToba Camomiyalibda,<br />

Tu rame kiTxva miCndeboda,<br />

mas vekiTxebodi da isic dauzarlad<br />

mpasuxobda. aRmoCnda, rom Zalian<br />

kargad icis Tavisi qveynis istoria,<br />

kargad icnobs avRanel xalxs<br />

da avRaneTis geografiasac. Zalian<br />

iSviaTia, rom avRaneli avRaneTis<br />

yvela provinciaSi iyos namyofi,<br />

Suqria ki araTu namyofi, TiTqmis<br />

yvelgan namuSevaric aris. erT<br />

dilas sastumros nomerSi axali<br />

gaRviZebuli eleqtronul fostas<br />

vamowmebdi. karze kakuni gaisma. gavaRe.<br />

Cem win Suqria idga. im dRes<br />

misi morigeoba ar iyo da amitomac<br />

SeTanxmebulebi viyaviT, 12 saaTis-<br />

Tvis bamianis provinciaSi unda wavsuliyaviT.<br />

Suqrias gidoba unda<br />

gaewia, me ki gadavuxdidi. jer aTic<br />

ar iyo da vuTxari, _ cota adrea,<br />

raRac saqmeebi maqvs-meTqi. rusulad<br />

vsaubrobdiT. brwyinvaled laparakobda<br />

rusul enaze. vici, ubralod<br />

raRac unda gaCvenoo. oTaxSi<br />

Semovida. xelSi patara CanTa eWira,

Cayo xeli da wiTeli maisuri amoi-<br />

Ro, gaSala, da tanze miido, TiTqos<br />

izomavso. maisurs warwera hqonda<br />

FUCK ME TENDER. ra Tqma unda, zustad<br />

im azrebma gamielves TavSi, ramac<br />

Tqven am wuTas, magram rogorc<br />

ki amas Suqriac mixvda, saswrafod<br />

amixsna, Tu ratom maCvena es maisuri.<br />

da maSin naTeli gaxda, Tu ratom<br />

aris axalgazrda avRanel gogonebSi<br />

aseTi popularuli induri warmoebis<br />

mwvaneZiriani Savi fexsacmeli.<br />

mTeli datvirTva mwvane ZirSia.<br />

mwvane Ziri aris paroli, kodi, karis<br />

gasaRebi. Tu gogos unda seqsi,<br />

ubralod seqsi vinmesTan, ucnob-<br />

Tan, is icvams mwvaneZirian Sav fexsacmels<br />

da gadis quCaSi. dadis iseT<br />

adgilebSi, sadac xalxmravlobaa,<br />

sadac mravlad arian axalgazrda<br />

biWebi, romlebmac, aseve, daaxloebiT<br />

aTidan orma icis, rom mwvane<br />

Ziri aris paroli, gasaRebi misi<br />

seqsualuri cxovrebis gasamdidreblad.<br />

rodesac biWi da gogo erTmaneTs<br />

SeamCneven, nel-nela eclebian<br />

xalxis masas, gogo midis, biWi ki<br />

ukan mihyveba, erTi 30 metris moSorebiT.<br />

mere ki, darwmunebuli var,<br />

giJuri seqsi aqvT, Tavisi fantaziebis<br />

gaRviZebiT da rTuli triukebis<br />

SesrulebiT. maxsovs, sami-oTxi<br />

wlis win miSa anTaZem momiyva msgavsi<br />

ambavi, oRond ar maxsovs avRaneTze<br />

iyo Tu iranze. ro Camovedi<br />

da es ambavi movyevi, salome kikaleiSvilma<br />

miTxra, _ egeTi rame sadRac<br />

kinoSi maqvs nanaxio; kinoSi ki<br />

ara, Cemi TvaliT vnaxe-meTqi.<br />

seqs-kodi xSir-xSirad icvleba. es<br />

SeiZleba iyos yviTeli mzis saTvale<br />

an wiTeli xelCanTa cisferi koplebiT.<br />

mTavaria iyos qalis aqsesuari<br />

an samosi da iyos gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

avRanuri dres-kodi. axali seqs-kodis<br />

SerCeva advilia, rTulia kodis<br />

andergraundul qselSi gavrceleba.<br />

aq Zalian didi sifrTxile marTebT<br />

axalgazrda mondomebul qal-vaJebs<br />

_ maT or frontze ebrZvian _ tradiciuli<br />

avRanelebi da islamuri<br />

policia. oficialurad, islamuri<br />

policiis saqme ar aris, vin visTan<br />

dawveba da rogor pozaSi, magram saqme<br />

isaa, rom islamur policiaSi ZiriTadad<br />

iseTi adamianebi muSaoben,<br />

romlebic avRanuri tradiciebis<br />

da islamuri kanonebis upativcemulobas<br />

aravis patioben. maT ar aqvT<br />

ufleba, daakavon faqtze daWerili<br />

axalgazrdebi da amitomac ukanonod<br />

uswordebian, scemen, zogjer<br />

klaven kidec (SemoakvdebaT) da rac<br />

yvelaze saSinelebaa (sikvdilze metadac<br />

ki), yofila SemTxvevebi, rom<br />

ukanonod dakavebuli axalgazrdebi<br />

radikali TalibebisTvis gadauciaT,<br />

maT ki msxverpli sajarod<br />

dausjiaT stadionze, fexburTis<br />

matCis dawyebamde aTasobiT mayureblis<br />

winaSe.<br />

Talibebi qveynis teritoriis<br />

udides nawils akontroleben, amitomac<br />

maTi gavlena avRanelebze<br />

didia. didia aseve SiSi, rac aisaxeba<br />

adamianebis Tundac Cacmulobaze.<br />

avRaneTis kanonmdebloba iranuliviT<br />

ar avaldebulebs qalebs tradiciuli<br />

samosis _ burkis tarebas,<br />

magram avRaneli qalebis (gansaku-<br />

TrebiT saSualo da ufrosi Taobis)<br />

umetesoba mainc atarebs burkas.<br />

veravin ityvis xelaRebiT, rom am<br />

qalebis didi nawili SiSis gamo atarebs<br />

burkas, maTSi morwmune fundamentalistebic<br />

arian, magram sakmaod<br />

didi nawili swored SiSis gamo<br />

icvams avRanur samoss. avRanel qalebSi<br />

(da kacebSic) gabatonebuli<br />

SiSi ar aris abstraqtuli da utrirebuli<br />

_ maT sakuTari TvaliT<br />

unaxavT, Tu rogor uswordebian<br />

Talibebi dasavluri orientaciis<br />

qalebs, romlebic sakmaod popularulebi<br />

iyvnen avRaneTSi, muSaobdnen<br />

televiziebSi, radioebSi da a.S.<br />

Talibebis muqaris mudmivi obieqtia<br />

TOLO TV, romelic avRaneTSi<br />

yvelaze popularuli telearxia<br />

axalgazrdebs Soris. am arxze xSirad<br />

atrialeben dasavlur kinos da<br />

musikas. amitomac, TOLO TV simamacis<br />

erTgvar sazomad iqca _ Tu qali<br />

xar da TOLO TV-Si muSaob, ese igi<br />

arafris geSinia.<br />

TOLO TV-Si ori wlis win Suqriac<br />

dokumenturi proza<br />

muSaobda. iqac damlageblad. arada,<br />

Zalian undoda rame musikaluri gadacemis<br />

wamyvani yofiliyo, gamxdariyo<br />

popularuli, mere amerikis<br />

an romelime evropuli qveynis viza<br />

advilad aeRo da saswavleblad wasuliyo,<br />

magram avRaneTi amerika ar<br />

aris, didi SesaZleblobebis qveyana,<br />

rom damlagebeli gogo telewamyvani<br />

gaxdeso, _ miTxra Suqriam.<br />

avRaneTi marTlac ar aris didi SesaZleblobebis<br />

qveyana da yvelaze<br />

cudi isaa, rom avRaneTSi yvelaze<br />

cudad avRanelebi grZnoben Tavs.<br />

avRaneTis mosaxleobis didi nawili,<br />

rac unda paradoqsuli iyos, Tu<br />

ar mistiris, sixaruliT ixsenebs im<br />

dros, rodesac sabWoTa jarma moaxdina<br />

qveynis okupacia. avRanelebi<br />

ixseneben, rom im wlebSi bevri sacxovrebeli<br />

korpusi aSenda, egreT<br />

wodebuli kulturis saxlebi, rogorebic<br />

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva<br />

regionebSi uxvad aris (am wuTas<br />

abaSis kulturis saxli maxsendeba),<br />

aSenebdnen qarxnebs, fabrikebs,<br />

eleqtrosadgurebs da a.S. erTi sityviT,<br />

avRanelebi iseve daabrmaves<br />

komunistebma `ufaso cxovrebiT~,<br />

rogorc Cven da dResac maT urCevniaT<br />

Tevzis Weris swavlas, pirdapir<br />

Tevzi miscen. Cemi Zvirfasi<br />

Suqriac ki, romelic avRanuri sazogadoebis<br />

fonze namdvili gamonaTebaa,<br />

romelsac sakmaod jansaRi<br />

azrovneba aqvs, da romelsac arc<br />

ki axsovs sabWoTa okupaciis wlebi,<br />

mSoblebisgan gagonil ambebs<br />

da dRevandel realobas erTmaneTs<br />

rom adarebs, daufiqreblad ambobs,<br />

rom is dro urCevnia. ratom akeTeben<br />

am or erTmaneTze uares epoqas<br />

Soris arCevans sabWoTa okupaciis<br />

xanaze, rTuli gasagebia. amisaTvis<br />

saWiroa, icxovro avRaneTSi, oRond<br />

icxovro, rogorc rigiTma avRanelma<br />

da ara rogorc Casulma enjeoSnikma,<br />

an narkobaronma, romlebic<br />

Zalian bevrni arian avRaneTSi.<br />

araoficialuri monacemebiT,<br />

saerTaSoriso organizaciebisgan<br />

avRaneTis ganviTarebisTvis gamoyofili<br />

Tanxis didi nawili ucxoe-<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 77

dokumenturi proza<br />

lebis xelfasebs da maTi ofisebis<br />

keTilmowyobasa da usafrTxoebas<br />

xmardeba. danarCeni Tanxa ki nawildeba<br />

saganmanaTleblo programis<br />

ganviTarebaze, humanitarul daxmarebasa<br />

da narkotikebTan brZolaze.<br />

narkotikebTan brZolaSi Tamamad<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom avRaneTi wagebulia<br />

_ 2002 wlamde, anu vidre<br />

koaliciuri jarebi avRaneTSi Sevidodnen,<br />

avRanuri heroini msoflio<br />

bazris 15 procentsac ki ar Seadgenda,<br />

2008 wlis bolo da 2009 wlis<br />

pirveli dekadis monacemebiT ki,<br />

heroinis msoflio bazris 93 procents<br />

avRanuri heroini warmoadgens.<br />

am 93 procentidan 70 procentis<br />

warmoeba pakistanis sazRvarTan<br />

mdebare regionebSi xdeba da am 70<br />

procentidan 50-is _ gelmandis<br />

provinciaSi. Tavad gansajeT, Tu<br />

raoden didi zrda moxda am eqvsi<br />

wlis ganmavlobaSi da am uzarmazari<br />

nabijebiT ufskrulisken svlas<br />

Tavisi obieqturi mizezebi aqvs.<br />

im dros, rodesac dasavleTidan<br />

avRaneTis miyruebul provinciaSi<br />

Casuli trenerebi adgilobrivebs<br />

dasavlur faseulobebze leqciebs<br />

ukiTxaven, sakuTari uflebebis<br />

dacvas aswavlian da momavlis mowyobaSi<br />

`exmarebian~, avRanelebs<br />

ubralod SiaT da wyuriaT. rodesac<br />

es trenerebi TveSi oTxi treningis<br />

CatarebaSi 5000 dolars<br />

(savaraudod) iReben da avRanelebs<br />

ki, ubralod, isev SiaT da wyuriaT,<br />

da xvdebian, rom am `gakveTilebma~<br />

SeiZleba rame sikeTe marTlac<br />

moutanos maT oRond axla ara; da<br />

xvdebian, rom treningis dasrulebis<br />

Semdeg saxlSi mSieri Svilebi<br />

daxvdebaT, romelTac ukve soioc<br />

ki aRar aqvT, maT erTaderTi gza<br />

rCebaT _ opiumis moyvana, an ki isev<br />

treningebze siaruli da momavlis<br />

da humanitaruli daxmarebis imedi.<br />

aseT mdgomareobaSia avRaneTis mosaxleobis<br />

udidesi nawili. sauke-<br />

Tesod aris aRwerili avRanelebis<br />

cxovreba NGC-is dokumenturi filmebis<br />

seriaSi `heroinis omi~ (heroin<br />

war). filmSi TvalnaTliv Cans, rom<br />

78 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

patiosan avRanelebs, romlebsac ar<br />

undaT opiumis moyvana, moparva, maqinacioba,<br />

perspeqtiva ar aqvT. yovel<br />

SemTxvevaSi, me ase davinaxe da<br />

albaT seriis avtorsac amis Cveneba<br />

undoda. naxeT da darwmundebiT.<br />

amgvari viTarebis gamo, ra gasakviria,<br />

rom Suqriasac da sxva<br />

bevr avRanelsac urCevnia amerikelebma<br />

(da sxvebmac) maT fuli<br />

miscen da ara fulis keTeba aswavlon,<br />

romelic, SesaZloa, aRarc<br />

dasWirdeT. isic sagulisxmoa, rom<br />

mTlad fulis keTebas rodi aswavlian<br />

avRanelebs (arada, maT swored<br />

fuli sWirdebaT). Suqriam erTi<br />

genialuri ambavi miambo: panjSeris<br />

provinciis erT-erT qalaqSi ucxoelma<br />

damkvirveblebma aRmoaCines,<br />

rom qalebSi suicidis mcdeloba<br />

da TviTmkvlelobiT dasrulebuli<br />

sicocxle bolo erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

aRemateboda mTeli gasuli<br />

aTwleulis statistikur monacemebs.<br />

bolo erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi am<br />

qalaqSi daaxloebiT (zustad ar maxsovs)<br />

50-mde TviTmkvleloba dafiqsirda<br />

da ormocdaaTive msxverpli<br />

qali iyo. kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda,<br />

rom suicidis talRis agorebamde<br />

ramdenime TviT adre qalTa<br />

organizacias treningi Cautarebia<br />

Temaze `qalTa uflebebi ojaxSi~.<br />

TavisTavad, trenerebi avRanel qalebs<br />

aswavlidnen da uxsnidnen, rom<br />

qali kacis Tanasworuflebiania da<br />

sakmaod safuZvlianadac aaTvisebines<br />

avRanel qalebs, rom ar unda<br />

moixaron qedi qmris winaSe, ar unda<br />

hqondeT recxvisgan kani damskdari<br />

da msgavsi dasavluri Zvirfaseulobebi.<br />

rogorc Cans, avRaneli<br />

qalebi Zalian kargi moswavleebi<br />

yofilan, imitom rom treningis<br />

dasrulebis Semdeg uamravma avRanelma<br />

qalma uari Tqva imis keTebaze,<br />

rac `tradiciulad~ avRaneli<br />

qalis saqmes warmoadgens. bevr ojaxSi<br />

amas mohyva qmrebis sastiki reaqcia,<br />

zogjer mkvlelobac ki, magram<br />

amavdroulad isic aRmoCnda, rom<br />

avRaneli meojaxe mamakacebis didi<br />

nawili (yovel SemTxvevaSi, am re-<br />

gionSi) damyoli, gamgoni, lmobieri<br />

da gonebanaTelia _ roca moismines<br />

meuRleebisgan, rom aseTi jafa<br />

maTTvis Seuracxmyofelia, ar gauprotestebiaT.<br />

magram sabolood<br />

gairkva, rom gardacvlili qalebi<br />

sworad am nabijma daRupa. wlebis<br />

ganmavlobaSi erTi da imave saqmis<br />

keTebis Semdeg maT gaacnobieres,<br />

rom sxva ramis keTebac SeeZloT, SeeZloT<br />

sakuTari siamovnebisTvisac<br />

ecxovraT, ekeTebinaT is saqme, rac<br />

maT Svebas mohgvrida... daskvnaSi<br />

uamravi faqtoria moyvanili da am<br />

yvela faqtoris gaerTianebiT gamodis,<br />

rom am qalebma Tavi depresiis<br />

niadagze moikles, depresia ki treningma<br />

gamoiwvia.<br />

treninggavlili adamianebi avRaneTSi<br />

bevrni arian. ar gagikvirdeT,<br />

Tu qabulSi, mdinare qabulis<br />

Camyayebul arxSi adamianTa jgufi<br />

dainaxeT, romlebic sruliad autanel<br />

sunSi sxedan (arc vfiqrob, maT<br />

Seuracxyofa mivayeno, ubralod,<br />

iq marTlac saSineli sunia, radgan<br />

mTeli kanalizacia iq Caedineba da,<br />

garda amisa, 400000-ian qalaqSi 4<br />

milioni adamiania ukve, aqedan Ti-<br />

Tqmis 70 procents saxli ar aqvs<br />

da mdinare qabuli tualetad aqvT<br />

qceuli), purs da mwvads miirTmeven<br />

da avRaneTis evro-atlantikur sivrceSi<br />

integraciaze saubroben, an<br />

ganixilaven recesiis gavlenas avRaneTis<br />

agrarul industriaze.<br />

aseTi ambebi kidev ufro amyarebs<br />

da amarTlebs avRanelebis didi<br />

nawilis arCevans, ufro sworad ki<br />

nostalgias sabWoTa okupaciis epoqisadmi.<br />

Suqrias mamas uTqvams Turme<br />

erTi jariskacisTvis, _ rusebi<br />

bombebs gvesrodnen da ise gvklavdnen,<br />

Tqven ki SimSiliT gvklavTo.<br />

saerTod, erTi ram SevniSne iq yofnis<br />

dros, avRanelebi erTi da imave<br />

ambavs orjer erTnairad ar mogiyvebian<br />

_ yovelTvis axal-axali<br />

gaformebebiT gadmogcemen, magram,<br />

rac mTavaria, faqtebs arasodes<br />

amaxinjeben _ Tu sadme ori adamiani<br />

gardaicvala, veravisgan gaigonebT<br />

rom samia daRupuli.

im dros, rodesac dasavleTidan avRaneTis miyruebul provinciaSi Casuli<br />

trenerebi adgilobrivebs dasavlur faseulobebze leqciebs ukiTxaven,<br />

sakuTari uflebebis dacvas aswavlian da momavlis mowyobaSi `exmarebian~,<br />

avRanelebs ubralod SiaT da wyuriaT.<br />

qabulis aeroporti rusebis (sabWoelebis)<br />

aSenebulia, daaxloebiT igive<br />

zomis rogoric Cveni (Tumca, Cveni aeroporti<br />

bevrad ufro komfortuli<br />

da lamazia). aeroports aqvs Tavisi<br />

internet-kafe da restorani, romelic<br />

yvelaze Zviri restorania mTel<br />

avRaneTSi, amitomac iq ar Sevsulvar.<br />

TviTmfrinavSi Casxdoma/Camosxdoma<br />

isev trapis saSualebiT xdeba. aeroporti<br />

or nawilad aris gayofili,<br />

erTi nawili samoqalaqo reisebs emsaxureba,<br />

meore _ samxedros. samxedro<br />

nawilis Tavze gamudmebiT xedav nato-s<br />

vertmfrens, romelic an jdeba<br />

an frindeba. ganuwyvetliv moZraoben<br />

samxedro, bronirebuli jipebi, didi<br />

antenebiT da tyviamfrqvevebiT, rac<br />

saSinlad ganerviulebs _ sul megona,<br />

rom raRac xdeba, rom aeroports<br />

Tavs daesxnen, an kidev uaresi, Talibebma<br />

qabulic aiRes da es brge mokavSireebi<br />

saxlebSi mirbian, me ki axla<br />

davdgi qabulis miwaze fexi. Tumca,<br />

rogorc ki aeroports moSordebi,<br />

trasas daadgebi da yovel 200 metrSi<br />

bilbordebs dainaxav, romelzec karzai<br />

da bavSvebi/moxucebulebi arian<br />

gamosaxulni, mSviddebi, anu SeiZleba<br />

arc mSviddebi, magram is `militaristuli<br />

qaosi~, romelic aeroportSi<br />

naxe, gaviwydeba.<br />

aeroportSi ukraineli enjeoSniki<br />

da treneri elena banasi da misi indoeli<br />

qmari niSok kalpaki damxvdnen.<br />

esec enjeoSniki da Tan magari<br />

qvelmoqmedi, romelic arafers ar<br />

iSurebs avRaneli bavSvebisTvis.<br />

isini oTxi wlis win kievSi gavicani,<br />

ufro sworad elena aq, TbilisSi gavicani<br />

xuTi wlis win da kievSi misi<br />

qmari. sul aseT adgilebSi dadian,<br />

palestinaSic raRac misiiT iyvnen,<br />

eraySic da ra vici, sadac ki mexi gavardeba,<br />

yvelgan Cadian da adgilobrivebs<br />

exmarebian. niSokis winaprebi<br />

mdidrebi arian, indoeTis yvela did<br />

qalaqSi sastumroebis qseli aqvT.<br />

elenam Tqva, _ londonSi da sidnei-<br />

Sic aqvT raRac biznesebio. aRar CavZiebivar,<br />

ra da rogor, mTavari iyo,<br />

ro gavige _ niSoks bevri fuli aqvs,<br />

romelsac cota sxvanairad da sxvebisTvis<br />

xarjavs.<br />

elena da niSoki avRaneTSi, ukve<br />

rva Tvea, cxovroben da cxovroben<br />

TiTqmis naRdi avRanelebiviT, qabulis<br />

Raribul ubanSi, Raribul saxl-<br />

dokumenturi proza<br />

Si oRond komfortulad. aqvT magari<br />

generatori, romlis wyalobiTac<br />

or avRanur ojaxs eleqtroenergiiT<br />

amarageben, satelituri antena da<br />

telefonebi, da aqvT toiota korola,<br />

romelic yvelaze popularuli<br />

manqanaa avRaneTSi. sworad am korolaSi<br />

visxediT samive da aeroportidan<br />

sastumrosken mivdiodiT. Cven<br />

win aseve toiotas markis manqana midioda,<br />

oRond jipi, gawkrialebuli,<br />

sxvanairi nomriT da amerikis dro-<br />

SiT. saubar-saubarSi am toiotas daaxloebiT<br />

or metrze mivuaxlovdiT.<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 111<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 79

isaqarTvelo<br />

80 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

paata qurdaZe<br />

jvarcma. teqnikuri personali da dekoracia<br />

www.paatakourdadze.blogspot.com<br />

Je suis témoin, je suis le seul témoin de moi-même.<br />

Antonen Artaud<br />

me mowme var, me erTaderTi mowme var sakuTari Tavis.<br />

antonen arto<br />

skami _ lursmnebi. sent-etienis vagzali. dekoratori fransua boSe.<br />

ramdenime wlis win Cemma Svidi wlis Svilma, Tinam rveulis furcelze golgoTas gza daxata.<br />

naxatze iesosa da am siuJetis klasikuri personaJebis garda, marcxniv kadridan TiTqmis gasuli<br />

mosiarule adamianis fragmenti Canda _ misi sxeulis mcire nawili, fexi, da siarulisas ukan<br />

darCenili marcxena xeli, romelSic raRac Cxirebi eWira.<br />

Cem kiTxvaze, Tu ra eWira am kacs xelSi, mipasuxa , _ `batons xelSi lursmnebi uWiravs, da golgoTaze<br />

miaqvs~.<br />

es naxati misi ucnobi personaJiviT sadRac gaqra. magram man Cemze STabeWdileba moaxdina,<br />

mis mixedviT moTxrobac davwere, sadac laparaki iyo lursmnebze, rogorc Cveni civilizaciis<br />

konstruqciis mdgradobis mniSvnelovan komponentze.<br />

1.<br />

adre arasodes mifiqria: faqtia, viRacam lursmnebi gamoWeda, viRacam wamoiRo.<br />

Cven mxolod maT Sesaxeb gvaqvs mcire warmodgena, vinc am lursmnebiT ieso jvarze daaWeda _<br />

viciT, rom isini jalaTebi iyvnen. Tumca maT Sesaxeb arc erT saxarebaSi ar aris raime naTqvami.<br />

es mxolod sxvadasxva epoqis naxatebsa da speqtaklebSi nanaxi scenebis Cvenive fragmentuli<br />

warmosaxvis nayofia.

principSi, profesionali jalaTi, rogorc personaJi, arc ise sainteresoa. viciT, rom isini<br />

arasodes aravis uyvarda, zizRiani mzerebis garemocvaSi cxovreba da sikvdilis industriaSi<br />

Sroma maTive arCevani iyo. tradiciulad _ Tavze SavCaCCamofarebul jalaTebs mxolod franc<br />

kafkam misca `adamianuri~ saxe erTxel: Tavis `sasjelaRsrulebis koloniaSi~.<br />

TviT iesos jalaTebis `anonimurobac~ ki daculia _ isini ignorirebulni arian oTxive mociqulis<br />

mier.<br />

gacilebiT sainteresoni arian pirovnebebi, romlebic sikvdiliT dasjas teqnikurad uzrunvelyofen.<br />

isini xSirad, varaudis sawinaaRmdegod, sruliad dadebiTi pirovnebebi aRmoCndebian<br />

xolme. magaliTad eqimi, polotikosi da cnobili humanisti Jozef inias giliotini (Joseph<br />

Ignace Guillotin 1738_1814).<br />

es gvari, or saukuneze metia, sikvdilis meqanikur manqanasTan, giliotinasTan asocirdeba, da<br />

warmoTqmisas SiSis Jruantels iwvevs. sinamdvileSi sikvdilis es dazga jer kidec XVI saukune-<br />

Si arsebobda. eqims araferi ar mougonia. man mxolod bevri ibrZola imisaTvis, rom sikvdiliT<br />

dasjis barbarosuli meTodebi humanuriT Seecvala; garda amisa, sikvdilmisjilTa uflebebi<br />

Tanabari gamxdariyo. 1791 wels eqimis xangrZlivi mcdelobis Sedegad kanoni miiRes da giliotina<br />

pirvelad gamoiyenes Cveulebrivi qurdis, vinme lui miSel lepeletielis Tavis mosakve-<br />

Tad.<br />

manamde sikvdiliT dasjis mravalnairi meTodi arsebobda safrangeTSi: aristokratebs<br />

xmliT aclidnen Tavs, aznaurebs najaxiT, mefis sicocxlis xelmyofT cxenebze gamobmuls<br />

`oTxSi amoRebulT~ fleTdnen, qurdebs da mkvlelebs ki ubralod saxrCobelaze kidebdnen an<br />

borbalze akravdnen, rom jalaTs rkinis ketiT misTvis yvela Zvali saTiTaod daemtvria.<br />

Raribebs, ra Tqma unda, ar hqondaT saSualeba, swrafi da `xarisxiani~ sikvdilis sanacvlod,<br />

jalaTisaTvis fuli gadaexadaT. amitom maTi dasjis dros najaxi xan kargad ar iyo galesili,<br />

xan mizans cotaTi scdeboda, xan kidev borbalze gakruls marTlac nel tempSi amtvrevda jalaTi<br />

yvela wvril Zvals, radgan rkinis xelketiT pirdapir TavSi erTi dartymiT sicocxles-<br />

Tan gamosalmeba fuli Rirda, romelic sikvdilmisjils ar gaaCnda....<br />

parlamentari da eqimi Jozef giliotini sikvdilis arCevanSi gansxvavebas socialur usamarTlobad<br />

miiCnevda. misi azriT, teqnologiurad da humanitarulad srulyofili sasjelis<br />

umaRlesi zomis saerTo meTodis SemoReba pirveli nabiji unda gamxdariyo sikvdiliT dasjis<br />

gauqmebis, aboliciis gzaze, romlis gavlas kacobriobis civilizebulma nawilma mainc giliotinis<br />

dakanonebis Semdeg TiTqmis 200 weliwadi moandoma.<br />

didi revoluciuri teroris wlebSi dapatimrebuli giliotini cixidan mxolod mas Semdeg<br />

gamouSves, rac misive jalaTi maqsimilian robespieri „giliotinirebuli~ iqna revoluciis<br />

(konkordis) moedanze. swored es zmna (guillotiner) damkvidrda frangul enaSi sikvdiliT dasjis<br />

sinonimad sabralo eqimisa da humanistis survilis sawinaaRmdegod.<br />

Jozef giliotini cixis Semdeg politikas aRar gahkarebia. darCenili sicocxle medicinas<br />

miuZRvna, is ibrZoda Cutyvavilas winaaRmdeg sayovelTao acrebisaTvis, iyo erT-erTi pirveli,<br />

vinc Seqmna sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis programa, daaarsa safrangeTis pirveli eqimTa<br />

asosiacia, romelic dRes safrangeTis medicinis akademiaa... mTeli cxovreba uSedegod cdilobda<br />

am sikvdilis manqanisaTvis saxeli gamoecvalaT. araferi gamouvida, mas Semdegac ki, rac<br />

safrangeTSi giliotina 1977 wels ukanasknelad gamoiyenes, didi humanistis gvari mainc saSinelebis<br />

sinonimad darCa.<br />

eqimi giliotinis sevdiani istoria SesaniSnavi magaliTia, Tu rogor SeiZleba humanitaruli<br />

brZola barbarosobad da sadizmad moinaTlos da adamianebis keTildReobisaTvis gaweuli<br />

didi amagis miuxedavad, aswleulebis manZilze Seni saxeli mxolod zizRs iwvevdes. riskis Tavze<br />

aReba namdvili humanistebis xvedria. radgan isini ZiriTadad moRvaweoben sistemaSi, romelsac<br />

adamianur sisastikis sistemas davarqmevdi. Tumca mas politikur enaze adamianuri samarTali<br />

(justise) hqvia da is iseTive Zvelia, rogorc samyaro. es sistema, rogorc wesi, ara marto<br />

adamianebze, TviT ufalze maRla dgas. swored am sistemis msxverpli gaxda iesoc.<br />

isaqarTvelo<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 81

isaqarTvelo<br />

82 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

sabednierod, sisastikis sistemas Tavisi rCeuli `marginalebi~, Tavisi humanistebi hyavs, ise-<br />

ve, rogorc daundobeli sadisti jalaTebi. magram, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, adamianTa am kategorias<br />

gansazRvruli da dadgenili roli aqvs mikuTvnebuli sazogadoebis istoriis TeatrSi.<br />

aris sisastikis sistemaSi monawileTa kidev erTi kategoria, romelic, Cemi azriT, bevrad<br />

ufro sainteresoa Tavisi mistikuri funqciis gamo. me mxedvelobaSi myavs enTuziastebi, romlebic<br />

yvelgan gvxvdebian, sadac raime mniSvnelovani xdeba.<br />

isini uceb, moulodnelad, TavianTi lursmnebiT xelSi, saidanRac aRmocendebian xolme<br />

brboSi. procesis raRac Sualedur mosamzadebel monakveTSi yvelaze wina planze garbian da<br />

gamorbian, bevrs qoTqoTeben, fusfuseben, adamianebs aqeT-iqiT sweven, yvelaze gadamwyvet momentSi,<br />

daWedebisas, CaquCis moqnevis win ki sadRac qrebian. saidan, an rodis modian an sad midian,<br />

aravin icis. maT arc saxe aqvT, arc raime gansakuTrebuli niSani, rom daimaxsovro.<br />

isini iq iyvnen, rodesac aqilevsma agamemnonis dasaxiCrebuli gvami cxenze gamobmuli mia-<br />

Tria sakuTar banakSi, maSinac, rodesac CauSeskusa da misi cols dasaxvretad `asamarTlebdnen~<br />

1989 wlis Sobis dRes, rodesac qabulis fexburTis stadionze Talibebi sabralo qalebs rozgavdnen<br />

, rodesac didi kulturuli revoluciis dros pekinSi saxalxo tribunalebs awyobdnen,<br />

rodesac italiuri daumorCileblobis wevrebma daxvretili benito musolinisa da misi<br />

sayvarlis klara petaCis gvamebi ganTavisuflebuli milanis erT-erT moedanze fexebiT dakidebuli<br />

gamofines...<br />

me melursmneebi pirvelad 1989 wels TbilisSi leninis Zeglis Camogdebisas SevamCnie: jer<br />

amweebis garSemo fusfusebdnen, mere iliCs lajebSua cecxli SeunTes, TiTqos brinjaos yverebis<br />

gasaTbobad, mere sadRac gaqrnen. xalxis Tavdauzogavi garjis Sedegad Zeglis Camogdebis<br />

Semdeg ki isev davinaxe: motexil da Zirs gagorebul leninis Tavs fexebs da joxebs urtyamdnen<br />

gametebiT da mxiarulad iginebodnen…<br />

es adamian-fantomebi TiTqos sikvdils damalobanas eTamaSebian da rodesac celmomarjvebul<br />

Sav angelozs pirispir SeeCexebian, TavianTi sabralo aqtiurobiT mis gulis mogebas cdiloben<br />

da gamosdiT kidec. maT droSi xetiali uyvarT, xan romel epoqaSi amoyofen Tavs da xan<br />

romelSi. sxvadasxva epoqidan xan ras gamoayoleben xolme xels da xan ras: virusebs, briyvul<br />

Cvevebs, modas... amitom xSirad istoria, personaJebi, adamianebis paranoia meordeba.<br />

me marTla gamiCnda iseTi grZnoba, TiTqos Cemi Svilis daxatul mamakacis fragments, romelsac<br />

golgoTaze iesosaTvis lursmnebi miaqvs, sadRac Sevxvedrivar; ufro metic, rom mas gamudmebiT<br />

vxvdebi Cemi cxovrebis sxvadasxva etapze, sxvadasxva qalaqSi, droSi, konteqstSi.<br />

2.<br />

1972 wels, 13 wlis asakSi CemSi, iseve rogorc Cemi Taobis bevr TbiliselSi, roki da ieso er-<br />

Tdroulad Semovidnen.<br />

Cemi azriT, veberis cnobil rok operas maSindel represirebul da uflebaayril qarTul<br />

marTlmadideblur eklesiaze aranaklebi damsaxureba aqvs saqarTvelos xelaxla `gaqristianebaSi~.<br />

maSin saqarTveloSi wesierad aravin icoda gansxvaveba qristianul konfesiebs Soris. amas<br />

arc eklesia iTxovda: mTavari iyo, rom rogorRac qriste gaxseneboda xalxs.<br />

sulebze nadirobis azarti mogvianebiT 80-ian wlebSi gaCnda _ rogorc ki mrevlma SesamCnevad<br />

moimata da sasuliero koniunqtura Camoyalibda.<br />

90-ian wlebamde saqarTvelo sekularul qristianul qveynad darCa Cem maxsovrobaSi.<br />

adesis motkbo sunian 70-ianebSi ufrosebisaTvis marTlmadidebloba weliwadSi erTxel<br />

aRdgomis dRes sasaflaoebze qeifi da danTebuli sanTeli iyo, CemTvis ki, cxadia _ wiTeli<br />

kvercxebi da cxeli Taflis suni, romliTac sanTlebis CamoqnaSi bebiaCems vexmarebodi yoveli<br />

aRdgomis win: ratomRac eklesiaSi nayid sanTels ar endoboda, ambobda, _ namdvili sanTeli Taflisgan<br />

mzaddebao. ai, sul es iyo... da sxva TiTqmis araferi.

Cemi da Cemi megobrebis mSoblebi _ represirebulni, represirebulTa Svilebi, Tavad yofili<br />

jalaTebi, an jalaTTa Svilebi iyvnen, isini SiSSi da siZulvilSi daibadnen: mJavanaZis korumpirebuli<br />

60-iani wlebi swored siZulvilidan gamosvlis mcdelobis kompromisuli wlebi iyo,<br />

romelmac sayovelTao korufcia da totaluri sulieri konformizmi aswavla qarTvelebs _<br />

SeuZlebeli iyo aseT gamudmebul mtanjvel autanel siZulvilSi, amxela boRmaSi cxovreba,<br />

rac 20, 30, 40 da 50-iani wlebis represiebma da ideologiurma garyvnilebam moitana.<br />

nebismieri gza, romelsac am koSmaris dasasrulisken SeeZlo waeyvana xalxi, misaRebi iyo.<br />

saqarTvelom es gza ruseTze adre ipova _ sayovelTao konformizmSi ganbanvis, siZulvilidan<br />

ganTavisuflebis mcdelobis 60-iani wlebi. neilonis epoqa, romelSic jalaTebi da msxverplni<br />

erTnairad groteskulni gaxdnen. daqorwindnen, saerTo ojaxebi Seqmnes, erTad Seecadnen qeifiT<br />

daeviwyebinaT is, risi mtanjveli maxsovroba sicocxleSi xels uSlidaT, erTad SeTxzes<br />

dRes arsebuli qarTuli briyvuli sadRegrZeloebis udidesi nawili, romelmac garkveulwilad<br />

saqarTvelos axali istoria msubuqad gadaiyvana sxva, SedarebiT ufro moqnil orbitaze,<br />

romelic dRemde iq darCa. radgan es istoria aRaravis ainteresebs. masze aravin muSaobs.<br />

me maTi kargad mesmis. isini gmirebi ar iyvnen, da arc undodaT yofiliyvnen. gmirebi Tu<br />

dasWirdebodaT, yovel nabijze ramdenic gnebavT, imdeni hyavdaT, omis, Sromis, CrdiloeTi<br />

polusis, Sua aziis, kosmosis, maRaroebis da aTasi sxva... es mxolod sabralo, ganadgurebuli<br />

Taoba iyo, romelmac Tavi aiZula daejerebina, rom cxovreba ase Tu ise mSvenieria...cotaTi uke-<br />

Tesi, vidre maTi mSoblebisa gulagSi. aRaravis undoda, scodnoda, ra iyo adre realurad. da<br />

maT erTad SeTxzes es „adre~.<br />

Semdeg 70-ianebi movida, Cemi Taoba. Cven ukve siZulvilis SviliSvilebi viyaviT: jalaTebisa<br />

da maTive msxverplTa konformizmis nayofi. Cveni roli, anu, rogorc mogvianebiT davarqviT,<br />

misia, am mRvrie wylis Tu Saqriani Rvinis gafiltvra-dawmenda iyo. mcdeloba mainc…<br />

mTeli es periodi, Cemi `eklesia~ plexanovze. Cemi, 23-e skolidan or nabijSi iyo gorkis klubi.<br />

mis parkSi Cven WuWyian Tovlis qvasaviT gundebs kantikuntad Semosul gogonebs, an erTmaneTs<br />

vesrodiT. gayinuli wiTeli sveli TiTebiT nestian sigaret `luqss~ uimedod vsresdiT,<br />

bevrs veweodiT da vlaybobdiT, kasius kleize, rokze, seqsze, veberis operaze, iesoze da misi<br />

partiis Semsrulebel ian gilanze...<br />

><br />

>> gagrZeleba gv. 112<br />

isaqarTvelo<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 83

isaqarTvelo<br />

84 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

giorgi kalatoziSvili<br />

kvazimoda<br />

„morigi qarTuli nagvis suni mcems“! _ cenzurisa da zedmeti Selamazebis<br />

gareSe, erT-erTma mayurebelma swored am sityvebiT moaxdina giga<br />

aglaZis filmis „gogona slaididan“ premieris prognozireba. piradad me<br />

kinoSi (da arc mis gareT) msgavsi araferi migrZvnia. erTaderTi, rac vigrZeni,<br />

isic mwuxarebiT, reJisoris marcxis suni iyo, magram droze adre<br />

mainc ar mimitovebia fskerisaken mimavali gemi.<br />

simarTle iTqvas, nagavzec SeiZleba iyos moTxovna; miT ufro Tu artefaqtis<br />

saxiT amis uamravi magaliTi gvaqvs da am xelobis uamravi mimdevari<br />

gvyavs. nagavze fasic Sesabamisi unda iyos. ra Tqma unda, faswarmoqmnasa da<br />

Rirebulebis aRqmas is samomxmareblo bazari unda aregulirebdes, romelic<br />

giga aglaZis Semoqmedebis mimarT maincdamainc keTilganwyobili ar<br />

momeCvena. reJisoris advokatirebas ar vapireb, magram arc misi Semoqmedebis<br />

usafuZvlo lanZRva mimaCnia mizanSewonili. swori iqneba Tu films<br />

„gogona slaididan“ mayureblis komentarze dayrdnobiT gavarCevT da<br />

ase mainc davicavT neitralitets, obieqturobas, romelsac, rogorc wesi,<br />

moiTxoven Cvengan reJisorebi.<br />

minda:<br />

rame magari ra...<br />

ZarRviani....<br />

www.shokoladi.ge

naRvliani...<br />

sevdiani....<br />

guliani....<br />

cecxlsasroli...<br />

dardiani...<br />

realuri...<br />

kardinaluri...<br />

radikalur-socialuri!<br />

(momTxovni: forum.ge)<br />

megobrebo, aseT formulas qarTul kinoSi aravin iyenebs. am xatovani<br />

sityvebis karnaxiT aravin qmnis filmebs. ratom? imitom, rom sityvaTa<br />

wyoba „socialuri dakveTa“ cud asociacias tovebs da postsabWoTa memkvidreobad<br />

aRiqmeba. arc giga aglaZem Seasrula socialuri dakveTa.<br />

samagierod, misi filmi „gogona slaididan“ asprocentiani pleismenTia<br />

da ama Tu im brendTan komerciulad gaTvlili garigeba. amis wyalobiT,<br />

aglaZem saqarTveloSi yvelaze ZviradRirebuli sareklamo filmi gadai-<br />

Ro, romelSic samodelo saagento „slaidis“ (sxvaTa Soris, giga agla-<br />

Zis meuRlis samodelo saagento) gogonebi konkretuli markis manqanis<br />

prezentacias awyoben; avtoavariis SemTxvevaSi aucileblad gaigebT romel<br />

sadazRvevo kompaniaSi unda daazRvioT manqana; romelma dizainerma<br />

unda CagacvaT imisaTvis, rom sazogadoebis naRebisa da eliturobis<br />

konteqstidan ar amovardeT; gaigebT, romel fotografTan unda gaiaroT<br />

fotosesia da kidev uamrav yofiT detalsa da reklamas mohkravT Tvals.<br />

filmis „gogona slaididan“ reJisorma saaTnaxevrian CarCoSi moaqcia is<br />

informacia, romelsac „yviTeli furclebi“ sqeltaniani gamocemebiT<br />

gvTavazobs.<br />

sad aris aq kinos adgili? ra Tqma unda, gadasaReb moedanze. sad mTavrdeba<br />

kino? samwuxarod iqve. saaTnaxevris ganmavlobaSi kinoekranze,<br />

24 kinokadris nacvlad, mxolod im subliminalur xerxsa da 25 kadrs<br />

vxedavT, romelic mayureblis cnobierebaze Zaladobas axdens da qvecnobierSi<br />

reklamisadmi madis aRZvras emsaxureba. giga aglaZeSi klipurma<br />

cnobierebam sZlia kinematografiuls. `gogona slaididan~ marTlac<br />

klips gagonebs, romelSic gemovnebiani kostiumebi da makiaJi reJisuris<br />

nakls faravs. am usaxur filmSi yvelas Tavisi saxe (da saxeli) aqvs. zura<br />

yifSiZe, nanuka xazaraZe, kristi yifSiZe, naTia maqacaria, merab sanoZe,<br />

avTandil cqvitiniZe, jiji rejini da sxva mravali filmSi sakuTar Tavs<br />

ganasaxiereben, ris gamoc xSiria imis gancda, rom kinoekranze Jurnali<br />

„saxe(l)ebi“-s ekranizacias gvTavazoben. Jurnalis ekranizaciis Sesaxeb<br />

Tu gsmeniaT rame? arc me da arc im mayurebels, romlis (da)ukmayofileba<br />

aisbergs hgavs (rac zedapirze Cans, ori imdeni siRmeSi imaleba) da romelsac<br />

aglaZis gemi „gogona slaididan“, gabaritebiT _ 90 60 90 ukve Seejaxa!<br />

„tutsi“ Tu tutuci?<br />

(mkiTxavi: forum.ge)<br />

filmis „gogona slaididan“ gadaRebis dros xSiri iyo „tutsi“-ze<br />

apelireba. xSirad imasac axsenebdnen, rom mTavari rolis Semsrulebeli<br />

zaza beJaSvili raRaciT hgavs dastin hofmans. modiT, msgavsebas ar<br />

SevexoT, Torem sxvaobis garCeva sakmaod mtkivneuli aRmoCndeba rogorc<br />

zaza beJaSvilisTvis, ise „slaidis“ reJisorisTvisac. „tutsi“,<br />

isaqarTvelo<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 85

isaqarTvelo<br />

86 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

albaT, is orientiri unda yofiliyo, romlis mixedviT gadaiRebdnen<br />

komediur melodramas, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT _ filmis qarTul rimeiqs.<br />

keTilSobili mizania, cuds verafers ityvi. mTavari ki mainc is<br />

aris, Tu ra resursiT apirebdnen am miznis miRwevas. aRmoCnda, rom sakmaod<br />

mwiri resursiT _ ramdenime modeli da zaza beJaSvili, romelic<br />

„raRaciT“ hgavs dastin hofmans, qmnian filmis safuZvelsa da meryev<br />

sayrdens...<br />

„tutsis“ Sinaarsi kargad maxsovs. araCveulebrivi siuJeti aqvs, kargi<br />

dinamika, samsaxiobo dasi da reJisura. dastin hofmani msaxiobia, romelic<br />

kastingebze marcxs ganicdis da imedgacruebuli wyvets kinobiznesSi<br />

sxva gziT SeRwevas. zaza beJaSvili igive nabijs dgams oRond<br />

modeli gogos gulSi SesaRwevad. amisaTvis kinopersonaJi zuzu qalis<br />

tansacmelsa da maRalquslian fexsacmels irgebs, magram am klounadis<br />

ukan mamakaci mainc ioli amosacnobia. mainc riT ver moxibla zuzum<br />

naTia axvlediani, Zalian lamazi da momxibvleli modeli, romelic Se-<br />

TavsebiT arqiteqtoric yofila? zuzu inkognito mas ZviradRirebul<br />

kabebsa da yelsabams ugzavnis, mTel Tbiliss aWrelebs naTias bilbordebiT,<br />

uamrav fuls xarjavs modelis gulis mosagebad... zuzum naTias<br />

yuradReba miipyro, simpaTia ki ver daimsaxura. ratom? odesme Tu SegxvedriaT<br />

adamiani, visTvisac raodenoba xarisxis sinonimia? Tu ginaxavT<br />

adamiani, romelic morTmeul Sokolads misi Rirebulebis aRmniSvnel<br />

Ceksac Tan ayolebs (albaT imisaTvis, rom ufro tkbilad miirTvaT)?<br />

zuzu originalurobiT ar gamoirCeva; metic, filmis posterze calsaxad<br />

amoikiTxavT mis daxasiaTebas _ „zuzus bevri fuli aqvs da bevri<br />

gogo hyavs, magram im erTaderTma mas yvelaferi Seucvala!.. raa?! Zalian<br />

sasacilo komedia~.<br />

es ukanaskneli fraza films gvixasiaTebs, rogorc romantikul kinokomedias.<br />

mniSvnelovania, rom „slaidSi“ Canan miSa andRulaZe da vaso<br />

fxakaZe iumorinas SesaSuri Hi-klasis xumrobiT. imedia, am kritikuli<br />

remarkiT Tavs ar avatkiebT, Torem, veWvob, isev analginis gareSe iqnebian...<br />

gamosavali mxolod erTi aqvT _ autkiebel Tavs nu aitkieben. kino-<br />

Si „kamedi Sous“ sketCebiT nu gvakvirveben; giga aglaZis films erT did<br />

kinoanekdotad nu aqceven!<br />

rac Seexeba giga aglaZes, reJisorma sareklamo filmSi „gogona slaididan“<br />

modebis samWedlo aRbeWda. es is sivrcea da maWanklobis instituti,<br />

romelSic mdidari mamakacebisaTvis lamaz sacoleebs „Wedaven“. nebismier<br />

qveyanaSi samodelo biznesi mdidar da fulian mamakacebs lamazi<br />

gogonebis eqsports sTavazobs. aglaZis samaWanklo „slaidi“ nawilobriv<br />

am stereotipis damsxvrevasa da ukugdebas cdilobs, rodesac lamazmani<br />

naTia mdidar zuzus ar ikarebs, saCuqrebs ki siamovnebiT iRebs... ra Tqma<br />

unda, es ukanaskneli ver axerxebs damkvidrebuli stereotipis msxvrevas.<br />

modelebs uyvarT lamazi tansacmeli, ZviradRirebuli samkaulebi<br />

da Ramis klubebSi TeTrad gaTenebuli Rameebi. ukve meramdened mebadeba<br />

kiTxva _ maSin vis raSi sWirdeboda es klounada? miT umetes, rom filmis<br />

finalSi naTias Tavs saCuqariviT miarTmeven zuzus. ase, ubralod, miiyvanen<br />

ipodromze, gadasvamen manqanidan gatkepnil mindorze da dautoveben<br />

zuzus, rogorc miTiur minotavrs utovebdnen lamazmanebs... zuzu Taviseburi<br />

minotavria, „mas bevri gogo hyavs“ da iseTive pirutyvis funqcias<br />

asrulebs, rogoric buRas aqvs fermaze Zroxebis ganasayofiereblad. sa-

mwuxarod uxeSi, magram zusti Sedarebaa. zaza beJaSvilis kinopersonaJi<br />

ar iwvevs simpaTias. Tanamedrove qarTul kinoSi is tipur tutucs ganasaxierebs...<br />

„am filmma mokla qarTuli kino“<br />

(Wirisufali: forum.ge)<br />

bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi es fraza xSirad msmenia. aglaZis films<br />

„gogona slaididan“ ar mouklavs qarTuli kino. qarTuli kino movkaliT<br />

Cven, qarTvelma mayurebelma Cveni dietiT da „dabalkaloriuli“, anu<br />

ugemovno fsevdosulieri sazrdos (filmebis) miRebiT. giga aglaZem ki<br />

mxolod sakontrolo gasrola gaakeTa. ase rom, aglaZes nurafers davwamebT.<br />

isev sakuTar Tavs da, maT Soris, sakuTar tradiciebs davabraloT.<br />

samegreloSi, sanam micvalebuls gaasveneben da miwas miabareben, qelexs<br />

manamde ixdian xolme... zog sofelSi es tradicia dResac SemorCa. ama Tu<br />

im filmis gaqiravebac aseT qelexs hgavs. sanam dakrZalaven, manamde moilxenen,<br />

gaixseneben warsuls, SeiZleba erTi kviris Tavzec ar dakrZalon;<br />

nabaxusevze uamravi sadRegrZelo gaaxsendeT da roca mixvdebian, rom<br />

daugviandaT micvalebulis gacileba, rogorc iqna marxaven. qarTuli<br />

filmebis gaqiravebac am principiT xdeba. mkvdradSobil films atareben<br />

ekranidan ekranze, reklamiT izidaven mayurebels farTomasStabian panaSvidze<br />

12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00 da 22:00 saaTze, Semdeg ki didi vaivaglaxiTa<br />

da godebiT asamareben. kinokritikosebi, rogorc wesi, miwis erT<br />

muWas mivayriT xolme da wuTieri dumilisTvis kompensacias xmamaRali<br />

recenziebis gamoqveynebiT viTxovT.<br />

amis Semdeg SevTanxmdeT, rom nekrofilia, micvalebulisadmi ltolva<br />

cudi da mavne movlenaa. imazec SevTanxmdeT, rom micvalebulis naxvaSi<br />

fuls ar unda vixdideT _ es ukve marazmia.<br />

„aris holivudi da bolivudi, Cven ki nolivudi gvaqvs“...<br />

(eqspertizis daskvna morgidan: forum.ge)<br />

ra kargia, rom saqarTveloSi kinos gadaRebis moda dabrunda. ra cudia,<br />

rom modaSia kinos gadaReba, miuxedavad imisa, gesmis Tu ara reJisura.<br />

iqneb amitom, mayurebeli arcTu usafuZvlod axsenebs „nolivuds“, anu<br />

nuls, nulovan zRvars, romelsac uaxlovdebian reJisorebi modis SegrZnebiT,<br />

magram stilis gareSe. giga aglaZis opuss „gogona slaididan“<br />

stili ar gaaCnia. Tumca reJisorma aq yvelafers mouyara Tavi, rac ki modaSia.<br />

maT Soris personaliebs... moda warmavalia _ es yvelam kargad viciT.<br />

albaT, reJisoric gaigebs. mas xom xSirad uwevs samodelo saagento<br />

„slaidSi“ misvla...<br />

aglaZis „kvazimoda“ ekranebze mogzaurobs. misi opusi „gogona slaididan“<br />

garegnulad lamazia, Sinaganad ki carieli da uintereso. premieris<br />

Semdeg mayurebeli imasac ambobda, rom siuJeti „TiTidan gamowovilia“<br />

da „yuriT moTreuli“. amaze komentaris gakeTeba miWirs. sainteresoa,<br />

ras ityvis reJisori? moaxerxa Tu ara mayureblis morjuleba? Tu „gogona<br />

slaididan“ ubralod reJisoris egzibicionizmia, romelic miznad<br />

isaxavda mayurebelSi mazoxisturi midrekilebis gamovlenas?<br />

22 dekemberi, 2009<br />

isaqarTvelo<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 87

saavtoro<br />

rafika<br />

avtori: <strong>levan</strong> berZeniSvili<br />

ilustracia: mariam zaldastaniSvili<br />

dedamiwis zurgze ar moiZebneba<br />

adamiani, romelTanac imdeni melaparakos<br />

an mekamaTos, ramdenic rafikasTan<br />

milaparakia da mikamaTia.<br />

verc vixseneb sxva adamians, romel-<br />

Tanac imdeni mqondes salaparako<br />

da sakamaTo, ramdenic masTan. Cveni<br />

patimroba da, saerTod, Cveni ur-<br />

TierTobac TiTqmis ocdaxuTi wlis<br />

win damTavrda, magram salaparako,<br />

sakamaTo, saCxubari da saomari kidev<br />

darCa Semdegi ocdaxuTi saukunisTvis.<br />

rafika, rafael aSotis Ze papaiani,<br />

dabadebuli 1942 wels, colSvi-<br />

88 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

liani, ori Svilis mama, 1982 wlis<br />

10 noembers daapatimres. oTxi weli<br />

mkacri reJimis banaki da ori weli<br />

gadasaxleba hqonda misjili. rafika<br />

somxeTSi helsinkis kavSiris erTerTi<br />

damfuZnebeli iyo eduard<br />

aruTunianTan erTad 1975 wels; mogvianebiT,<br />

rodesac aruTuniani da<br />

misi jgufis ori wevri daapatimres,<br />

rafikasTan da edmon avetianTan<br />

Cxreka Catarda. maSin ar dauWeriaT,<br />

magram seriozulad gaafrTxiles.<br />

xolo roca gafrTxilebam aRar ga-<br />

Wra, Jora xomizurTan erTad daapatimres<br />

da gulagis gzasac gauyenes.<br />

rafikas mama, aSot papaiani (igive<br />

aramaSot papaiani, es misi samsaxiobo<br />

fsevdonimi iyo) somxeTSi cnobili<br />

kaci yofila rogorc Tavdapirvelad<br />

msaxiobi da Semdeg ramdenime<br />

piesisa (ZiriTadad, komediisa) Tu<br />

kinoscenaris avtori. sxvaTa Soris,<br />

aSot papaianic Cveneburi yofila,<br />

Cemi da daTosi ar iyos, baTumSi yofila<br />

dabadebuli, ase rom, isedac<br />

Cveni „zemliaki“ rafika „TiTqmis“<br />

baTumelic iyo.<br />

rafael papaiani CemTvis gansaku-<br />

Trebuli patimari iyo, upirveles<br />

yovlisa imitom, rom CemTan er-<br />

Tad baraSevos politikuri zonis<br />

istoriaSi pirveli saerTaSoriso<br />

„kolmeurneobis“ Tu qibucis, „samxreT<br />

kavkasiis xalxTa qristianul<br />

federaciis“ Seqmnis iniciatori<br />

gaxldaT (manamde politikur patimarTa<br />

saerTo-sameurneo dajgufebebi<br />

gamokveTilad nacionalur xasiaTs<br />

atarebda) da, meorec imitom,<br />

rom amden patimarSi igi erTaderTi<br />

iyo Cemi „namdvili“ kolega anu filologi<br />

_ rafael papaiani erevnis<br />

valeri briusovis saxelobis rusuli<br />

da ucxo enebis institutis<br />

kursdamTavrebuli da filologiis<br />

mecnierebaTa kandidati brZandeboda<br />

(samwliani aspirantura tartus<br />

universitetSi hqonda gavlili da<br />

disertaciac estoneTis am SesaniSnav<br />

samecniero centrSi saxelgan-<br />

Tqmul iuri lotmanTan hqonda daculi).<br />

didi dro ar damWirvebia imis<br />

dasadgenad, rom rafika sakvirveli<br />

kaci iyo. swored imitom, rom<br />

„sakvirveli“ iyo, me masze permanentul<br />

dakvirvebas vaxorcielebdi.<br />

papaiani CemTvis Sesaswavli fenomeni<br />

iyo. es iyo uaRresad mravalmxrivi<br />

kaci: somxeTisa da, rac gasaocaria,<br />

saqarTvelos istoriis brwyinvale<br />

mcodne mecnieri, rusuli enisa da<br />

literaturis SesaniSnavi specialisti,<br />

daxvewili rusulis mqone<br />

rafinirebuli stilisti, niWieri<br />

poeti, erudirebuli, taqtiani, fr-<br />

Txili, Taviseburad sevdiani iumoris,<br />

kolosaluri Sromismoyva

eobisa da udidesi moTminebis<br />

adamiani.<br />

rafikas mravalmxriobis miuxedavad,<br />

misi upirvelesi hipostasi<br />

mainc ostatoba iyo. rogorc mravalmxrivi<br />

mesrop maStocisTvis<br />

moigones madlierma Tanamemamuleebma<br />

erTi sityva „mTargmneli“ (anu<br />

somxuri anbanis Semqmnels, ganmana-<br />

Tlebels, misioners da somxuri samociqulo<br />

da somxuri kaTolikuri<br />

eklesiebis wmindans mTavar damsaxurebad<br />

bibliis Targmna CauTvales),<br />

ise rafikas daxasiaTebac SeiZleboda<br />

erTi sityviT da es sityva iqneboda<br />

„ostati“. somxebis ostatobis<br />

ambavi sayovelTaod cnobilia da<br />

rafikac uniWieresi da uxelmarjveesi<br />

maisteri iyo. Tavisi, boria<br />

maniloviCis sityviT rom vTqvaT,<br />

maisterSaftis erT-erTi Sedevri,<br />

wekos 12 sigaretis erTdroulad<br />

damamzadebeli manqana, „qristes<br />

asakisa“ rom Sevsruldi, im dabadebis<br />

dReze maCuqa, oRond am manqaniT<br />

sigaretebis damzadebisTvis saWiro<br />

moTminebiT ver aRmWurva da me<br />

wekos sigarets isev xeliT vaxvevdi.<br />

Tavis sakerav manqanaze TviTnakeTi<br />

ormagi propeleri hqonda damagrebuli<br />

da zafxulSi mis manqanasTan<br />

jdomas araferi sjobda. sakerav<br />

manqanaze gaumjobesebaTa da gaiolebaTa<br />

iseTi wyeba hqonda Catarebuli,<br />

rom dRiuri produqcia _<br />

92 wyvili „variSka“ (ceraTiTa xel-<br />

TaTmani) dilis 11 saaTisTvis ukve<br />

Seqmnili hqonda da Semdeg saaTebSi<br />

momavali dReebis angariSSi muSaobda<br />

(xalxi ambobda, ramdenime aTasi<br />

wyvili xelTaTmanis maragi aqvs<br />

Senaxuli „Savi dRisTviso“, Tumca<br />

ra dReebic gvedga, imaze Savs ras<br />

eloda, ar vici).<br />

sxvadasxva dros rafikam mocaleobis<br />

Jams Seqmna nivris avtomaturi<br />

sanayi manqana (es aparati ZiriTadad<br />

uqmad cdeboda, sad iyo „samanqano“<br />

niori!), nigvzis aseve avtomaturi<br />

sakepi (esec mTlianobaSi saCvenebeli<br />

modeli iyo, nigozi iSviaTi xili<br />

iyo banakSi, Cem garda arc aravis<br />

hqonia arasodes), Tabaxis qaRaldis<br />

mxazveli aparati, Semwvari Tevzis<br />

naWridan Zvlebis xorcis struqturis<br />

dauzianeblad gamomcleli<br />

manqana, xisgan damzadebuli xorcis<br />

meqanikuri sakepi manqana (es unikaluri<br />

manqana ki gvqonda, magram<br />

xorci banakSi sami weli TvaliT ar<br />

minaxavs), TviTnakeTi zusti saswori<br />

(wonida, ra Tqma unda, erTi miligramis<br />

sizustiT) da ase Semdeg,<br />

yvelas verc CamovTvli da verc gavixseneb.<br />

mravalricxovani Teoriebidan,<br />

romlebic sxvadasxva xalxisa<br />

da epoqis geniosebis somxur warmomavlobas<br />

amtkicebs (me piradad,<br />

marTalia, ara rafikasgan, cxovrebis<br />

sxvadasxva monakveTSi momismenia<br />

rusTavelis, Seqspiris, baironis,<br />

mocartis, iulius keisris, qristes,<br />

budas, muhamedis, iuri dolgorukisa<br />

da lev tolstois somxobis<br />

„damadasturebeli“ Teoriebi), Tuki<br />

iseTic arsebobs, romelic leonardo<br />

da vinCisac am uZveles eTnoss<br />

miakuTvnebs, me mis gasaZliereblad<br />

mraval arguments movitandi rafikas,<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, genialuri<br />

materialur-teqnikuri Semoqmedebidan.<br />

Senaxvis, gadanaxvis, saguldagulod<br />

gadamalvis, dakonservebis,<br />

dazogvis, Txlad daWris trfials<br />

rom etyvian, is iyo. mravali Tvis<br />

win sayvareli meuRlis, anahitis<br />

mier damzadebuli yaurma rom gaufuWda<br />

da msunagma griSa feldmanma<br />

SeuWama, eg xom araferi. kidev ufro<br />

xangrZlivi (sami wlis!) Senaxvis zu-<br />

Txis konservi „baliki“ gagvixsna saaxalwlod,<br />

_ gaisad am dros aq aRar<br />

viqnebio da gadasaxlebaSi marto<br />

xom ar SevWamo. joni laSqaraSvilma<br />

rom avadmyofobis dros gamozogi-<br />

saavtoro<br />

li karaqiT saaxalwlo torti daamzada,<br />

rafikas sayveduri daimsaxura,<br />

_ wels isedac uamravi saWmeli<br />

gvaqvs (aq, Cemi warmodgeniT, cota<br />

gadaaWarba), eg karaqi gaisisTvis<br />

unda Segenaxa, ra ici, gaisad ra iqnebao.<br />

banakis maRaziaSi, romelsac zonuri<br />

tradicia „lariokad“ moixseniebs<br />

(aqedanaa, sxvaTa Soris, cnobili<br />

gamoTqma, „karaqia lariokSi“,<br />

rac CemTvis „SeuZlebel situacias“<br />

aRniSnavs _ karaqi ar Sedioda „lariokis“<br />

uaRresad Rarib asortimentSi;<br />

ise ki, es gamonaTqvami „Tavi<br />

damanebes“ mniSnelobiT gamoiyeneba),<br />

iyo maRali da dabali moTxovnis<br />

produqtebi. maRali moTxovniT<br />

sargeblobda zeTi (boTlianad<br />

Rirda maneTi da 2 kapiki, 20 kapikad<br />

Rirebuli boTli Semdeg TveSi „lariokobaze“<br />

Cabarebas eqvemdebareboda),<br />

Savi Cai (90 kapiki), weko (1 kolofi<br />

15 kapiki, me, magaliTad, TveSi<br />

20 kolofi mWirdeboda), asanTi (1<br />

kapiki; unda gqonoda, aravin ar mogcemda),<br />

mrgvali konfeti, romelsac<br />

Saqris funqciis Sesruleba SeeZlo<br />

(kilo 3 maneTi Rirda, oras gramze<br />

mets ver vyidulobdiT), saweri<br />

rveuli (klasikuri sabWoTa Tormetfurcliani<br />

versia 2 kapiki Rirda)<br />

da saweri kalami _ pasta (Zviri iyo,<br />

30 kapiki). SedarebiT dabali moTxovniT<br />

sargeblobda sxvadasxva juris<br />

jemi anu „pavidlo“ (zustad maneTi<br />

Rirda, qila 10 kapikad Cabarebas<br />

eqvemdebareboda), Tevzis paSteti<br />

„volna“ (76 kapiki), dauviwyari sabWoTa<br />

konservi Завтрак туриста „turistis<br />

sauzme“ _ Tevzis, tomatisa<br />

da brinjis ganumeorebeli kombinacia<br />

(80 kapiki), Tambaqos Zviriani<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 89

saavtoro<br />

nawarmi, magaliTad, ufiltro sigareti<br />

„prima“ (15 kapiki) da ramdenime<br />

produqti fantastikis an patimrebis<br />

dacinvis sferodan, magaliTad<br />

maneTnaxevrad Rirebuli kiSiniovis<br />

Tambaqos fabrikis produqcia,<br />

filtriani sigareti „malboro“,<br />

romelic saerTod ar sargeblobda<br />

aranairi moTxovniT da amitom „lariokidan“<br />

„lariokamde“ iyo da iyo.<br />

rafika 22 dekembers iyo dabadebuli.<br />

Cveni zonuri cxovrebis<br />

pirvel wels, rodesac Sesabamisi<br />

gamocdileba ar gvqonda, me da<br />

daTom gadavwyviteT, sasiamovnod<br />

gagvekvirvebina iubilari, „lariok-<br />

Si“ yovelTviurad dasaxarji Cveni<br />

kuTvnili 10 maneTidan sami gavimeteT<br />

da dabadebis dReze arnaxuli<br />

saCuqari, ori kolofi „malboro“<br />

vaCuqeT. darwmunebuli viyaviT,<br />

rom Cveni finansuri TavganwirviT<br />

megobari aRfrTovanebuli darCeboda<br />

da gulisfancqaliT velodebodiT<br />

Zvirfasi saCuqris gadacemis<br />

moments. saRamos, rodesac rafikam<br />

mokrZalebul sufraze migvipatiJa,<br />

gazeTSi saguldagulod gaxveuli<br />

saCuqari mivarTviT. nel-nela gaxsna<br />

gazeTi da sigareti rom dainaxa,<br />

iubilars, aSS-s maSindeli<br />

prezidentis, ronald reiganisa ar<br />

iyos, xalxuri sibrZne daaviwyda,<br />

am SemTxvevaSi, naCuqari cxenisa da<br />

misi kbilis Sesaxeb, da msaxiobisa<br />

da dramaturgis aSot Tu aramaSot<br />

papaianis mxolodSobilma Zem, rafaelma<br />

WeSmaritad tragikuli xmiT<br />

Seicxada, SehRaRada mamas, SeiZleba<br />

iTqvas, zecasTan dagvabezRa mezobeli<br />

xalxi, _ bedkrulo qarTvelebo,<br />

es ra giqniaT, sam maneTad xom<br />

mTeli sami qila „pavidlo“ movidodao!<br />

90 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

CaiT Sesmul erT-erT sadRegrZeloSi<br />

„gadanaxuli droSebis kavaleri“<br />

vuwode da moewona. yvelaferi<br />

hqonda gadanaxuli, joni sawyobis<br />

gamges eZaxda da me muzeumis direqtors.<br />

komersantuli talantiT<br />

Cvens zonaSi veravin Seejibreboda:<br />

erTxel erT-erT patimars saswrafod<br />

safosto marka dasWirda, mTeli<br />

zona Semoiara da bolos CvenTan<br />

movida, _ viRupebi, werils ver vagzavni<br />

da am TveSi werilis gagzavnis<br />

ufleba mixundeba, miSveleTo.<br />

saSineli grZnobaa, roca samkapikiani<br />

markis uqonlobis gamo, ori<br />

kviris naweri 32-gverdiani werili<br />

giuqmdeba, iseTi STabeWdileba rCeba,<br />

rom mxolod xmis miwvdena da<br />

werilis miwera SegiZlia Seni axloblebisTvis<br />

da amasac ver axerxeb,<br />

sulieri sicarielisa da Ralatis<br />

morevSi eSvebi, sicocxle aRar ginda.<br />

amas mixsnida Cemi ukraineli Tanazoneli,<br />

xma ukankalebda da Rrma<br />

depresiisken mieqaneboda. davamSvide,<br />

_ nu geSinia, markas giSovi-meTqi<br />

da wavedi rogorc rwyili an rogorc<br />

avTandili. mivadeqi, ra Tqma<br />

unda, rafikas. vuTxari, _ rafik, axperjan,<br />

cavadtanem, marka mWirdeba,<br />

kargi kaci iRupeba-meTqi.<br />

_ safosto marka iSviaTi nivTia,<br />

_ ganacxada rafikam. _ misi Rirebuleba<br />

sabazro moTxovnasTan erTad<br />

icvleba. mzad aris klienti, rom<br />

gadaixados?<br />

_ ra unda gadaixados, samkapikiani<br />

marka sWirdeba kacs, _ saqmeSi gulubryvilo<br />

Cauxedaoba gamovavline<br />

me.<br />

_ axperjan, <strong>levan</strong>jan, ar minda<br />

axla leqcia wagikiTxo qarTul<br />

uyairaTobaze. Tqveni qoneba xom gaaniaveT,<br />

axla me maswavliT, ra Rirs,<br />

rogorc Sen ambob, „samkapikiani“ marka?<br />

_ da ra Rirs samkapikiani marka,<br />

aTi kapiki? _ rac SeiZleba saqmianad<br />

vikiTxe me.<br />

_ aTi kargi ricxvia, oRond me am<br />

ricxvs SensaviT uyuradRebod ar<br />

moveqceodi. Sen xom xazs usvam, rom<br />

„lariokSi“ marka sami kapiki Rirs,<br />

me mas gadaudebeli saWiroebis koeficientze,<br />

10-ze gavamravleb da<br />

davadgen, rogorc ingliselebi<br />

ityvian, emerjensi praiss: 30 kapiki,<br />

anu ori kolofi weko.<br />

_ ori kolofi weko ra ambavia?! _<br />

ver davmale aRSfoTeba me.<br />

_ vivaWroT? _ iseTi saxiT ikiTxa<br />

rafikam, rom vaWrobis yvelanairi<br />

xalisi damekarga. amas filologiuri<br />

argumentic daemata saliteraturo<br />

klasikidan, _ Торг здесь<br />

неуместен! _ ostap-suleiman-bertamaria-bender-beis<br />

msgavsad, mkacrad<br />

ganacxada rafikam da 30 kapikis Rirebulebis<br />

sxva produqtebis Camo-<br />

Tvla daiwyo: ori kolofi „prima“,<br />

erTi asanTis kolofi Cai da a.S.<br />

wavedi gasaWirSi Cavardnil Cem<br />

ukrainel ZmasTan. avuxseni situacia<br />

da erTi kolofi weko movTxove.<br />

gaxarebulma saswrafod momirbenina<br />

erTi kolofi weko. me rom mqonoda<br />

marka, xom ici, rom gaCuqebdi-meTqi,<br />

_ da vicio, _ miTxra. mec rom mqonoda<br />

da Sen dagWirveboda, gaCuqebdio,<br />

magram axla ise mWirdeba, rom<br />

erTi kolofi weko am saqmeSi memeteba,<br />

kidev kargi, markis patronma<br />

ori an meti rom ar moiTxovao (taqtiani<br />

kaci iyo da patronis vinaoba<br />

ar ukiTxavs, Tumca, ra Tqma unda,<br />

mixvdeboda, banakSi kerZod vis eqneboda<br />

aseTi mwvaved deficituri<br />

saqoneli). Cemi maragidan erTi kolofi<br />

weko davamate da rafikas mivutane.<br />

_ xom xedav, ra iolad dagvTanxmda<br />

klienti, sami unda meTqva, _<br />

sinanuliT Tqva rafikam.<br />

is aRar miTqvams, erTi kolofi<br />

Cemi rom iyo, miT umetes, rafikam<br />

„mogeba“ orad gahyo da Cemi kolofi<br />

weko damibruna. simarTle rom

vTqva, ukrainel megobars Cemi kolofi<br />

imitom ki ar davumate, rom<br />

gansakuTrebiT keTili kaci var;<br />

ara, ubralod, erT sacodav markaSi<br />

ori kolofi wekos moTxovna momerida,<br />

rafikam ki ukve seriozulad<br />

gadawyvita, _ momavali gadaudebel<br />

SemTxvevaSi emerjensis koeficienti<br />

15-mde gaezarda.<br />

rafika principuli kaci iyo da<br />

yvela saprotesto aqciaSi monawileobas<br />

iRebda. protestis ZiriTadi<br />

forma gaficva iyo. gavificebodiT<br />

da saamqroSi ar SevdiodiT, ar<br />

vmuSaobdiT. zogierTi patimari am<br />

protests ssrk generaluri prokuroris,<br />

rekunkovis saxelze weriliT<br />

„amagrebda“; werilSi ewera, _<br />

ssrk generaluro prokuroro, amisa<br />

da imis gamo, protestis niSnad, am<br />

ricxvidan im ricxvamde gaficvas<br />

vacxadeb, razedac xels vawer _ patimari<br />

esa da es. werili konvertSi,<br />

konverti _ safosto yuTSi. qar-<br />

Tvelebi arc erT RonisZiebas ar<br />

vacdendiT, yvela protests vuer-<br />

TdebodiT, magram ssrk generalur<br />

prokurors ar vaRiarebdiT da werilebs<br />

ar vwerdiT _ isedac mSvenivrad<br />

atyobinebdnen sadac jer ars,<br />

vin monawileobda gaficvaSi da vin<br />

ara. danarCenebi am werilebs werdnen<br />

da safosto yuTSi agdebdnen.<br />

joni laSqaraSvilma daiCema, _ rafika<br />

kavkasieli kacia, generalur<br />

prokurors werilebs ar miswerso.<br />

erTxelac, rafika rom safosto<br />

yuTSi rekunkovisadmi gasagzavn<br />

werils agdebda, jonim xelidan gamostaca,<br />

gaxsna da saxe gaebadra:<br />

konvertSi marTla carieli furceli<br />

ido.<br />

rafika, „viTarca-igi vTquT“,<br />

wlebis manZilze iuri lotmanis<br />

moswavle iyo. gairkva, rom am gasaocar<br />

kacs mec Sevxvedrivar, boria<br />

maniloviCic da vadim iankovic. er-<br />

Txel inteleqtualur-samsaxiobo<br />

TamaSi wamoviwyeT, or-orkacian<br />

gundebad daviyaviT, gundis erTerT<br />

wevrs pantomimiT unda gadaeca<br />

meoresTvis raime sityva an fraza.<br />

finalSi me da rafikam (mwvrTnelebi<br />

Jora xomizuri da genrix alTuniani)<br />

piterelebis uZlieresi gundi<br />

davamarcxeT, romelSic poliakovi<br />

da maniloviCi Sediodnen, xolo<br />

mwvrTnelebad donskoi da tolstixi<br />

hyavdaT: rafikam moaxerxa da<br />

JestebiT gamagebina, rom piterelebs<br />

Cafiqrebuli hqondaT politpatimarTa<br />

biblia _ „adamianis uflebaTa<br />

sayovelTao deklaracia“.<br />

gamarjvebulebs damarcxebulebma<br />

Cai mogvarTves da swored maSin gaixsena<br />

rafikam, rogor auxsnia amgvar<br />

TamaSSi lotmans partniorisTvis<br />

urTulesi termini режим Салазара<br />

(rafikas aspirantobisas antoniu<br />

di oliveira salazari jer kidev<br />

portugaliis diqtatori iyo). iuri<br />

lotmans munjurad jer klasikuri<br />

diqtatori warmoudgenia, Semdeg<br />

ki gadasula meore nawilze: meuRles<br />

zara erqva. mouyvania lotmans<br />

qalbatoni zara, auRia xelSi virtualuri<br />

„dana“ da dauwyia zaras<br />

sxeulis aravirtualuri nawilis<br />

„CamoWra“, Semdeg xelebiT kiTxvac<br />

dausvams, _ axla netav ras vSvrebiTo.<br />

ra Tqma unda, gvisaubria qarTul<br />

anbanze. rafikas aRizianebda, Jora<br />

rom mrglovans swavlobda da mis<br />

grafikaSi kosmiur wesrigs eZebda.<br />

rafika movses xorenacis eyrdnoboda<br />

da amtkicebda, mesropma mTargmnel<br />

jagas daxmarebiT qarTuli<br />

anbani Seqmna, raSic xels uwyobdnen<br />

mefe bakuri da qveynis arqiepiskoposi<br />

moseo.<br />

_ marTalia Tu ara, rom mesropma<br />

qarTuli ar icoda? _ davsvi me Cemi<br />

mTavari SekiTxva.<br />

_ ase ambobs koriuni, _ ar ikadra<br />

tyuili rafikam.<br />

_ filologi kaci xar, SeiZleba<br />

ena ar icode da misi fonemebi gamohyo?<br />

_ vikiTxe me da xangrZlivi<br />

kamaTisTvis movemzade. ena araTu<br />

unda icode, aramed mas uRrmesad<br />

unda grZnobde, masSi mniSvnelobis<br />

matarebeli elementebi rom gamohyo.<br />

_ ra Tqma unda, ara, magram qarTuli<br />

fonemebi, rogorc Cans, mTarg-<br />

saavtoro<br />

sad gyavT<br />

istorikosebi, Tqven<br />

xom poetebis qveyana<br />

xarT? _ bebiaCemis,<br />

ivlita beraias<br />

terminiT rom vTqva,<br />

`ironia gamikeTa~<br />

rafikam.<br />

mnelma jagam gamohyo, _ moulodnelad<br />

aRmoaCina ucnobi geniosi V<br />

saukunis saqarTveloSi rafikam.<br />

_ qarTvelebs kargad icnob, umaduroba<br />

qarTuli nacionaluri ni-<br />

Sania? _ mwared vikiTxe me.<br />

_ gansakuTrebuli umaduroba<br />

qarTvelebisTvis ar Semityvia, _<br />

frTxilad aRniSna rafikam.<br />

_ amodena saqme gaukeTebia mesrops<br />

da Cven viTom madlieri ratom ar viqnebodiT?<br />

_ ise vikiTxe, rom rafikas<br />

gaWirveboda koreqtuli saubari.<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 115<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 91

esei<br />

neoliberalizmis kritika<br />

ocdameerTe saukuneSi<br />

avtori: irakli kakabaZe<br />

1972 wlis arCevnebze CileSi sakmaod<br />

daZabuli mdgomareoba Seiqmna.<br />

ramdenime partiam xmebis daaxloebiT<br />

erTi da igive raodenoba<br />

daagrova. sul mcire procentiT<br />

gamarjveba memarcxene socialistur<br />

partias xvda wilad. Tumca<br />

gansxvaveba mogebulsa da wagebulebs<br />

Soris Zalian mcire iyo _ qveyana<br />

ramdenime banakad daiyo. salvador<br />

aliende qveynis prezidenti gaxda,<br />

magram misi xelisuflebaSi yofna<br />

xanmokle aRmoCnda. 1973 wels samxedro<br />

xuntam, general pinoCetis<br />

xelmZRvanelobiT, saxelmwifo gadatrialeba<br />

moaxdina, raTa `memarcxene<br />

radikalebis~ TareSi aRekveTa<br />

da qveyanaSi samoqalaqo mSvidoba<br />

daebrunebina. momavali 16 wlis<br />

ganmavlobaSi Cilem, am samoqalaqo<br />

92 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

mSvidobis garda, praqtikulad yvelaferi<br />

naxa. pinoCetis samxedro<br />

policiurma reJimma ekonomikuri<br />

neoliberalizmis saxeliT qveyanaSi<br />

teroris kampania gaaCaRa, romelsac<br />

aTasobiT udanaSaulo adamiani<br />

Seewira. am yvelafris ideologiuri<br />

gamarTleba is iyo, rom Cile ar<br />

moxvedriliyo `komunistebis~ mmar-<br />

Tvelobis qveS. samxedro xuntis<br />

mmarTvelobis pirveli wlebidanve<br />

diqtaturas da terors ukve bevri<br />

konservatiuli politikosic daupirispirda.<br />

1976 wlisTvis qveynis politikur<br />

wreebSi ukve konsensusi iyo<br />

imis Taobaze, rom CileSi samxedro<br />

diqtatura mZvinvarebda. Tumca, es<br />

diqtatura sakuTar Tavs `demokratiis<br />

da liberaluri ekonomikuri<br />

Rirebulebebis damcvelad~ asaRebda.<br />

pinoCetma amerikidan saswrafod<br />

Caiyvana Cikagos ekonomikuri skolis<br />

studentebi, romelTac milton<br />

fridmanis ideebis ganxorcieleba<br />

umalve daiwyes da globalur,<br />

transnacionalur korporatiul<br />

wreebSi Cile uceb cnes `liberalur,<br />

Tavisufali ekonomikis mqone<br />

warmatebul qveynad~. is mravalricxovani<br />

daxvretebi, dapatimrebebi,<br />

udanaSaulo adamianTa wameba,<br />

teroristuli reJimi ekonomikis<br />

`liberaluri~ Tu `liberali~ mamebisTvis<br />

arafers niSnavda. isini<br />

xom komunistebs umklavdebodnen<br />

da rogorc Zveli liberaluri gamoTqma<br />

ambobda: kargi komunisti<br />

mxolod mkvdari komunistia. aqedan<br />

gamomdinare, salvador aliendes

(romelic mxolod socialisti iyo<br />

da ara komunisti, Tumca amas memarjvene<br />

eqstremistebisTvis mniSvneloba<br />

arc hqonia) da misi aTasobiT<br />

momxres mkvleloba, imdroindeli<br />

`liberaluri~ korporatiuli elitis<br />

TvalsazrisiT, aucilebeli<br />

piroba iyo Ciles demokratiuli<br />

ganviTarebisaTvis, radganac, maTi<br />

azriT, demokratiis upirvelesi ni-<br />

Sani privatizacia da ekonomikuri<br />

eqspluatacia iyo.<br />

rodesac sakuTari mtrebi saxlSi<br />

safuZvlianad gaanadgura, generali<br />

pinoCeti sazRvargareT myof mtrebzec<br />

gadavida. jer iyo da, argentinaSi<br />

mokles xuntis amboxebuli<br />

generali, romelic ar daemorCila<br />

samxedro reJims da emigracia<br />

amjobina. 1976 wels ki vaSingtonSi,<br />

qalaqis centrSi bombiT mokles Ciles<br />

yofili elCi amerikis SeerTebul<br />

StatebSi, orlando letelieri<br />

sakuTar TanaSemwesTan erTad.<br />

es iyo erT-erTi pirveli sagareo<br />

teroristuli aqti, romelic amerikis<br />

miwaze Caidines. TviT fordis<br />

respublikurma administraciamac ki<br />

ver dafara aRSfoTeba da gadawyvita<br />

gamoZiebina mkvleloba da am afe-<br />

Tqebis organizatorebi amerikuli<br />

marTlmsajulebis winaSe warmdgariyvnen.<br />

1976 welsve demokrati da<br />

SedarebiT memarcxene jimi karteri<br />

amerikis prezidentad airCies. karteris<br />

administraciam da iusticiis<br />

saministrom gadawyvites, rom pasuxi<br />

moeTxovaT letelieris mkvlelebisaTvis.<br />

gamoZiebas generaluri<br />

prokuroris ofisis axalgazrda<br />

TanamSromeli lourens barsela<br />

uZRveboda. mis winaSe metad rTuli<br />

amocana idga _ hari trumenis cnobili<br />

gamoTqmisa ar iyos, `sakuTari<br />

ZaRliSvilebis~ (Our Son of a Bitches)<br />

qveyanaSi unda moeZebna teroristul<br />

aqtSi damnaSave adamianebi.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom amerikeli<br />

liberalebi, evropel kolegebTan<br />

SedarebiT, bevrad ufro progresul<br />

poziciebze dganan samoqalaqo<br />

uflebebisa da socialuri Tavisuflebebis<br />

sakiTxSi, sagareo politikaSi<br />

Zirfesviani cvlilebis gatare-<br />

esei<br />

ba iSviaTad xerxdeba xolme. aqedan<br />

gamomdinare, kisinjeris mier datovebuli<br />

memarjvene memkvidreoba<br />

sakmaod rTuli gadasalaxi zRude<br />

iyo idealisti da progresuli karteris<br />

administraciisaTvis. Tumca,<br />

letelieris SemTxvevaSi, moulodnelma<br />

faqtebma da, amave dros, axalgazrda<br />

gamomZieblis seriozulma<br />

namuSevarma Sedegi gamoiRo. pirvel<br />

rigSi, sruliad SemTxveviT, bombis<br />

afeTqebis adgilas aRmoCnda im<br />

sakontaqto pirebis fotografiebi,<br />

romelTac es mkvleloba SeukveTes<br />

kubel antikastroel emigrantebs.<br />

es fotoebi CileSi gadagzavnes da<br />

iqac sruliad SemTxveviT isini meore<br />

dResve ramdenime gazeTSi gamoqveynda.<br />

xuntam veRar moaxerxa<br />

mkvlelobis damkveTebis vinaobis<br />

dafarva. amerikis generaluri<br />

prokuroris gundi meore dResve<br />

santiagoSi Cafrinda da pinoCets am<br />

pirTa eqstradicia mosTxova. amas<br />

isic daemata, rom erT-erTi uSualo<br />

damkveTTagani amerikis moqalaqe<br />

aRmoCnda. xuntam zewolas veRar<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 93

esei<br />

gauZlo da eWvmitanilebi amerikis<br />

mxares gadasca. amerikelma eWvmitanilma<br />

ki, saproceso garigebis safuZvelze,<br />

ukve pirdapir daasaxela<br />

mkvlelobis uSualo damkveTi _ Ciles<br />

uSiSroebis samsaxuris ufrosi,<br />

generali kontrerasi. amis Semdeg<br />

ukve amerikis generalurma prokurorma<br />

kontrerasis eqstradiciac<br />

moiTxova. ai, es ki ukve zedmeti<br />

iyo `megobari ZaRliSvilebis~ re-<br />

JimisaTvis. xuntam uari ganacxada<br />

eqstradirebaze, radganac aSkara<br />

iyo, rom mkvlelobis dagegmvis Zafs<br />

TviT pinoCetamde mivyavdiT. saqme<br />

gaiwela. 1980 wels amerikis Seer-<br />

Tebul StatebSi reiganis administracia<br />

movida, romlisTvisac pino-<br />

Ceti ara mxolod megobari, aramed<br />

gmiric ki iyo da TiTqos am saqmeSi<br />

damnaSaveebis dasjis perspeqtivac<br />

daixSo. cnobilia, rom pinoCeti<br />

TviTon metad gaRizianebuli iyo<br />

prokurori barselas qmedebebiT da<br />

mas `koRo~ uwoda. `koRoebma unda<br />

icodnen, rom marTalia, maTi kbena<br />

gvaRizianebs, magram maTi mokvla<br />

erTi dartymiT kacs ar gauWirdeba<br />

da imedia, amas ar gvaiZulebeno~,<br />

94 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

_ imuqreboda `neoliberalebis~<br />

sayvareli rkinis generali.<br />

1980-iani wlebis bolomde CileSi<br />

araferi Secvlila. pinoCetis diqtatura<br />

agrZelebda `liberalur~ ekonomikur<br />

reformebs da Sesabamisad<br />

`liberalurad~ epyroboda sakuTar<br />

mowinaaRmdegeebs. zogs stadionze<br />

xvretda, zogs wynar okeaneSi agdebda,<br />

zogsac magelanis sruteSi gadauZaxebda.<br />

sikvdilis eskadronebi<br />

uswordebodnen yvelas, vinc mdidrebisa<br />

da samxedroebis winaaRmdeg<br />

amoxvneSasac moaxerxebda. jimi karteris<br />

idealisturi administracia<br />

ronald reiganis militaristulma<br />

politikam Secvala, sadac komunistebis<br />

aCrdili isev nomer pirvel<br />

mtrad gamocxadda. TiTqos pinoCets<br />

`koRoebma~ veraferi daakles. civi<br />

omic sabWoTa kavSiris damarcxebiT<br />

damTavrda. reiganis mier naqebma<br />

`globalurma kapitalizmmac~<br />

gaimarjva da ekonomikuri liberalizmis<br />

CeqmiT damamkvidrebel pinoCetsac<br />

TiTqos mxolod madloba<br />

ekuTvnoda istoriisgan.<br />

magram es ase ar moxda. amerikis<br />

generaluri prokuroris asistentma<br />

`koRom~ saqme ar Sewyvita, piriqiT<br />

pinoCetis saqmes daemata ramdenime<br />

sxva qveynis moTxovnac da bolos is<br />

did britaneTSi vizitisas daakaves<br />

espaneTis generaluri prokuroris<br />

moTxovniT. jer amerikis generaluri<br />

prokuroris moTxovnas<br />

espaneTis magistratis balTazar<br />

garsonis moTxovna daemata, romlis<br />

gamoc pinoCeti weliwadze met xans<br />

inglisSi gaxldaT dapatimrebuli;<br />

Semdeg ki igi gaasamarTles Cile-<br />

Si mosamarTle xuan guzman tapias<br />

TavmjdomareobiT. sabolood pinoCetic<br />

da kontrerasic CileSi gaasamarTles<br />

da istoriamac maT ganaCeni<br />

gamoutana rogorc sisxliani<br />

diqtaturis warmomadgenlebs da<br />

ara rogorc `liberaluri ekonomikuri<br />

Rirebulebebis~ damamkvidrebel<br />

gmirebs. istoria bevrad ufro<br />

samarTlianad sjis, vidre nebismieri<br />

ideologia. is yovelTvis Tavis<br />

adgilas ayenebs robespierebs, napoleonebs,<br />

taleiranebs, hitlerebs,<br />

stalinebsa Tu sxva mmarTvelebs,<br />

romelTac sakuTar droSi propaganda<br />

an mTlianad ganadidebs, anac<br />

miwasTan asworebs.

me-20 saukunis pirveli naxevris<br />

gamoCenilma italielma moazrovnem<br />

antonio gramSim kargad Camoayaliba<br />

`kulturuli hegemoniis~<br />

Teoria, sadac igi sxvadasxva tipis<br />

dominaciuri sistemebis arsebobas<br />

ara mxolod materialur-empiriul<br />

faqtorebs miawers, aramed sworedac<br />

rom kulturuli diskursis<br />

WrilSi ganixilavs Tanamedrove<br />

biurgeruli, `liberaluri~ sazogadoebis<br />

funqcionirebis safu-<br />

Zvlebs. misi azriT, biurgeruli<br />

ideologiiT `tvingarecxili~ samoqalaqo<br />

sazogadoebis interesTa<br />

jgufebad dayofasTan da jgufuri<br />

konkurenciis paradigmaSi Cabmas-<br />

Tan erTad xdeba kapitalisturi<br />

ideologiis moZliereba. gramSis<br />

azriT, kulturuli hegemoniis Sedegad<br />

sulac ar aris saWiro aSkarad<br />

gamoxatuli diqtatoris arseboba,<br />

sistema TviT asrulebs am<br />

funqcias, sadac konkurenciisa da<br />

sikvdilis SiSs avtomaturad aqvs<br />

diqtatoris funqciis SeTavsebis<br />

gansakuTrebuli unari da amis Sedegad<br />

policiuri funqciebis didi<br />

nawilis sakuTar Tavze aReba swo-<br />

redac rom `samoqalaqo sazogadoebis~<br />

saSualebiT xdeba.<br />

sainteresoa, rom hana arendtis<br />

gamokvlevebiT xSirad totalitarizmis<br />

safuZvels sworedac rom<br />

`moqalaqis~ (germanulad Burger)<br />

instituti warmoadgens. swored es<br />

biurgerebi iyvnen isini, visac ebraelebi<br />

sakuTari nebiT mihyavda sakoncentracio<br />

banakSi, vinc faSizmsa<br />

Tu antisemitizms amarTlebda. hana<br />

arendti am SemTxvevaSi ara mxolod<br />

ebraelebis Cagvraze laparakobs,<br />

aramed pirveli msoflio omis Sedegad<br />

darCenili yvela sxva umciresobisac,<br />

romelTac maSindeli<br />

`eri-saxelmwifoebi~ sruluflebian<br />

moqalaqeobas ar aZlevdnen, rameTu<br />

maTi `eri-saxelmwifoebi~ eTnikuri<br />

niSniT iyvnen agebulni da maSasadame<br />

`liberalur damokidebulebas~<br />

mxolod am qveynebis eTnikuri maspinZlebi<br />

imsaxurebdnen.<br />

herbert markuze 1936 wels daweril<br />

`Zalauflebis SeswavlaSi~<br />

Segnebulad urevs terminebs `samoqalaqo<br />

sazogadoeba~ da `bur-<br />

Juaziuli sazogadoeba~, radganac<br />

germanul enaSi es terminebi erTi<br />

esei<br />

da igive signifaeriT aRiniSneba.<br />

Tanamedrove italieli filosofosi<br />

jorjo agambeni ki 1995 wels<br />

ukve laparakobs homo sacer-ze, anu<br />

qarTulad rom vTqvaT, `sulier arsebaze~,<br />

romelsac adamianis uflebebi<br />

ar aqvs, es laTinuri gamoTqma<br />

inglisurad iTargmneba rogorc<br />

Bare Life. es aris SiSveli sicocxle,<br />

romlis mokvlac yvelas SeuZlia da<br />

mis sicocxles aravin icavs. ramdeni<br />

aseTi SiSveli sicocxlea Cvens<br />

irgvliv? maTi ricxvi sxvadasxva<br />

gamoTvliT miliardebs aWarbebs,<br />

magram es miliardebi wamyvani gazeTebis<br />

hedlainebze arasdros xvdeba.<br />

aris Tu ara es samarTliani?<br />

am kiTxvaze pasuxi albaT ufro Sinagani<br />

mrwamsis sakiTxia. bevri memarcxene<br />

politikosi Tu sazogado<br />

moRvawe, bevri religiuri lideric<br />

Tvlis, rom es miuRebelia da rom<br />

unda gamoinaxos gza, rom adamianebis<br />

sicocxle metad dafasdes. neoliberalizmisa<br />

da fiskaluri konservatizmis<br />

ideologiis momxreebi,<br />

raRa Tqma unda, ase ar fiqroben.<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 92<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 95

gagrZeleba<br />

raze fiqrobs urban reaqtori<br />

aSenda. magram ar icodnen mTavari<br />

_ proeqtis Seqmnis socialuri mizani<br />

da koncefcia.<br />

es komunistebis erT-erTi socialuri<br />

eqsperimenti iyo. maT<br />

burJuaziuli sazogadoebis komunistur<br />

sazogadoebad gardaqmna<br />

undodaT. amisTvis ki pirvel rigSi<br />

(marqsistuli filosofiis mixedviT)<br />

kapitalizmis birTvis, ojaxis<br />

struqturis rRveva iyo saWiro.<br />

komunistebi ideis gansaxorcieleblad<br />

specialuri sivrcis Seqmnas<br />

cdilobdnen, sadac es procesi bunebrivad<br />

unda dawyebuliyo. kompleqsSi<br />

Sedioda _ saZile zona,<br />

sadac wyvilisTvis mxolod sawoli<br />

da saweri magida idga, saerTo sasadilo,<br />

samrecxao da calke Senoba,<br />

sadac bavSvebisTvis 24-saaTiani<br />

baRi unda yofiliyo, rom mSoblebs<br />

sakuTari drois Tavisuflad<br />

gamoyeneba SeZlebodaT. socialuri<br />

sacxovrebeli Zvel ubanSi, parkTan<br />

axlos aSenda. rodesac ginzburgi<br />

proeqts le korbuziesTan<br />

ganixilavda, mis frang kolegas<br />

parkis maxloblad sacxovreblis<br />

aSeneba sasacilodac ar hyofnida.<br />

`ra ggoniaT, muSaTa klass parkSi<br />

bulbulis stvenis mosmena sWirdebao?~<br />

amitom mSvidad miugo, rom<br />

komunistebisTvis socialuri kondenseri<br />

utopiuri sazogadoebis<br />

Seqmnis eqsperimenti iyo _ sazogadoebis,<br />

romelsac produqtiulobis<br />

maqsimaluri xarisxi unda<br />

eCvenebina _ diliT muSa unda yofiliyo,<br />

Sua dRes saTevzaod wasvla<br />

unda SeZleboda, saRamos ki,<br />

privatul sivrceSi, sadac bavSvebis<br />

xmauri ar Seawuxebda, inteleqtualur<br />

samuSaos miscemoda, da<br />

magaliTad kritika ewera.<br />

magram eqsperimenti Cavarda.<br />

kraxis mizezi ideis absurduloba<br />

iyo, rac TviTon proeqtis Semqmnelebma<br />

daadastures, rodesac _<br />

mTavarma arqiteqtorma kompleqsSi<br />

is farTi airCia TavisTvis, romelic<br />

isev burJuaziuli ojaxisTvis<br />

iyo gankuTvnili. finansTa komitetis<br />

Tavmjdomarem ki saxuravze sa-<br />

zogadoebriv sivrced Cafiqrebul<br />

farTze penthauzi dadga. da narkomfinis<br />

saxli erT, Cveulebriv<br />

`komunalkad~ gadaiqca.<br />

`ai, aseT Temebze vsaubrobdiT<br />

da amitom momwonda misi leqciebi.<br />

Tan Cven jgufurad vmuSaobdiT.<br />

da esec Zalian momwonda.<br />

universitetSi es gamoricxuli<br />

iyo, radgan jgufSi Sejibri da<br />

konkurencia ar arsebobs, Sesabamisad<br />

superstarebis gadarCeva da<br />

Sefaseba rTulia. jgufSi muSaoba<br />

Zalian produqtiuli da efeqturi<br />

iyo, radgan pasuxismgebloba<br />

kompetenciis mixedviT nawildeboda<br />

da yvela akeTebda imas, rac<br />

sxvebze ukeT icoda. SeiZleba meti<br />

dro midioda komunikaciaze, magram<br />

esec mniSvnelovani momenti<br />

iyo, radgan Zalian bevri swored<br />

am ganxilvebis dros viswavleT.~<br />

<strong>levan</strong>i am jgufTan erTad Tavis<br />

pirvel urbanul proeqtze sami semestri<br />

muSaobda. maT mexikos erTerTi<br />

gareubani ekatepeki airCies<br />

(4-milioniani mosaxleobiT), sadac<br />

ramdenime wlis win developerebis<br />

mier gaSenebuli izolirebuli<br />

sacxovrebeli ubnis (14 aTasi<br />

saxliT) qalaqis bunebriv qsovil-<br />

Si integraciisTvis unda SeewyoT<br />

xeli. izolirebul sacxovrebel<br />

ubans qalaqis danarCeni nawilisgan<br />

ormetriani kedeli hyofda. am<br />

kedlis miRma arsebobda ori radikalurad<br />

gansxvavebuli samyaro<br />

_ erT mxares qalaqi, TviTganvi-<br />

Tarebuli sivrce, saocrad dinamiuri,<br />

cocxali da xalxmravali,<br />

meore mxares ki steriluri, erTsaxovani<br />

garemo, absoluturad<br />

erTnairi saxlebiT. `dakarguli<br />

iyo qalaqis mTavari xibli _ misi<br />

mravalferovneba. da komunikacia,<br />

rodesac mezoblad cxovroben yvela<br />

socialuri fenis adamianebi da<br />

urTierToba maT Soris Cveulebrivi<br />

ambavia, _ ambobs <strong>levan</strong>i, _<br />

izolirebuli sacxovrebeli ubnebi<br />

ki, xSir SemTxvevaSi, umniSnvelo<br />

qonebrivi segregaciis gamo, am<br />

socialur fenebs Soris xelovnur<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

sazRvars qmnis da maT Soris komunikacia<br />

qreba~. maT im konkretuli<br />

arealis problemebis gadasaWrelad<br />

jer zogadad meqsikis<br />

politikur-ekonomikur-socialuri<br />

istoria ikvlies, mere fokusi<br />

daaviwroves da or-or kacianma<br />

jgufebma am konkretuli arealis<br />

dasaxlebis socialuri problemebi<br />

Seiswavles. `es is SemTxveva iyo,<br />

rodesac qalaqmSeneblobis mTeli<br />

politika developerebis xelSi<br />

moxvda da yvelaferi mtacebluri<br />

mogebis reJimSi gadavida. es izolirebuli<br />

sacxovrebeli ubnebic<br />

am problemis sivrciTi gamosaxuleba<br />

iyo~.<br />

<strong>levan</strong>i fiqrobs, rom gaumarTla,<br />

radgan delftSi istoriul momentSi<br />

moxvda. dRes ukve universitetSi<br />

bevri ramea Secvlili _<br />

`dialeqtikuri eqsperimentidanac~<br />

mxolod maaris kursi darCa, migelis<br />

urbanuli asimetriis kurss<br />

ki gamoemSvidobnen. erTi sityviT,<br />

darCa mTeli konteqstiT da SinaarsiT<br />

Secvlili `Sou rum~ Senoba,<br />

sadac awi mxolod `varskvlavebi<br />

gaizrdebian~.<br />

`rac iqidan wamomyva, aris mar-<br />

Tla Zalian magari gamocdileba da<br />

megobrebi, romlebTanac kontaqti<br />

dRemde ar gamiwyvetia~. metic,<br />

maTTan urTierToba albaT kidev<br />

ufro intensiuri gaxdeba mas Semdeg,<br />

rac <strong>levan</strong>i da ruso saqarTveloSi<br />

`urban reaqtoris~ fargleb-<br />

Si urban aqtivobas daiwyeben.<br />

raze fiqrobs urban<br />

reaqtori<br />

rusos `pragmatuli eqsperimentic~<br />

kraxiT dasrulda. ambobs,<br />

rom Zalian ecada, magram misgan<br />

konformisti gogo mainc ver dadga.<br />

`dResac isev venTebi im problemebze,<br />

rogorc adre. Sevegue<br />

imas, rom es cxovrebis wesia da ara<br />

ubralod kariera~. Tumca, dResac<br />

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis<br />

erovnul saagentoSi iuneskosTan<br />

urTierTobis sakiTxebze muSaobs.<br />

ar icis, ramden xans darCeba iq.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 97

gagrZeleba<br />

rac namdvilad icis, is aris, rom<br />

<strong>levan</strong>Tan erTad urban reaqtors<br />

mixedavs da imis realizebas ecdeba,<br />

rac verc erTma verc sajaro<br />

samsaxurSi, verc kerZo kompaniaSi<br />

ver moaxerxa.<br />

urban reaqtori jer mxolod<br />

blogia. mas jer mxolod Tvrameti<br />

mimdevari da aTamde aqtiuri wevri<br />

hyavs. isini alternatiuli codnis<br />

bazis Seqmnas apireben, iseTis,<br />

rogorzec studentobis dros<br />

TviTon ocnebobdnen. gaakeTeben<br />

mobilur biblioTekas, sadac Sexvedrebs<br />

da seminarebs moawyoben.<br />

mere ukve TanamoazreebTan erTad<br />

sazogadoebaSi urbanizmis mimarT<br />

interesis gaRvivebas da zogadad<br />

aqtivizmis Sesaxeb maTi warmodgenebis<br />

Secvlas Seecdebian.<br />

`rodesac erT-erT organizacia-<br />

Si Cveni SeTavazebiT mivediT, ase<br />

gviTxres, _ Zalian ambiciurebi<br />

xarTo, _ da Tavazianad dagvemSvidobnen,<br />

_ ambobs ruso. magram Cven<br />

imedgacruebebisTvisac mzad varT.<br />

rodesac sistemuri cvlilebis-<br />

Tvis ibrZvi, marcxi TiTqmis garantirebuli<br />

gaqvs. magram yvelas ase<br />

rom efiqra, kacobriobis istoria-<br />

Si arc araferi Seicvleboda, xom?<br />

amitom Cvenc patar-patara winaaRmdegobebis<br />

gadalaxviT viwyebT,<br />

ramac gvinda, saboloo miznamde<br />

migviyvanos~.<br />

urban reaqtori fiqrobs, rom,<br />

pirvel rigSi, Sesacvlelia mTliani<br />

urbanuli politika, romelic,<br />

maTi azriT, Zalian zedapiruli da<br />

myifea, da kidev SerCeviTi, radgan<br />

realurad mxolod maTi uflebebia<br />

daculi, visac fuli aqvs.<br />

ruso ambobs, rom aseve Sesacvlelia<br />

midgoma istoriuli memkvidreobis<br />

mimarT. adre Zalian xistad<br />

da sworxazovnad udgeboda<br />

Zeglebis konservacias, rodesac<br />

Zeglebis absolutur auTenturobis<br />

SenarCunebas uWerda mxars.<br />

dRes fiqrobs, rom esec fetiSia.<br />

`qalaqi istoriis ganmavlobaSi<br />

icvlis saxes. es procesia da bevri<br />

cvlileba Zalian kanonzomieria.<br />

98 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

istoriuli ubnebis SenarCunebis<br />

politika cota moqnili unda iyos.<br />

magaliTad maT, visac qalaqSi tualeti<br />

ezoSi aqvs, unda aZlevdnen<br />

uflebas, Senobis ukana fasadze<br />

patara farTi miaSenon da tualeti<br />

saxlSi Seitanon. unda iyos Tavisufleba<br />

imisTvis, rom qalaqma<br />

sunTqva SeZlos, magram aseve unda<br />

arsebobdes Zalian moqnili regulaciebi,<br />

`sunTqva~ barbarosobaSi<br />

rom ar gadaizardos~.<br />

am problemebis gadaWris gzebic<br />

Zalian kompleqsuria. rTulia,<br />

Seqmna proeqti, romelSic yvelas<br />

socialur moTxovnas gaiTvaliswineb,<br />

ise, rom ar daarRvev qalaqis<br />

bunebriv qsovils. proeqts, romelsac<br />

efeqturi ekonomikuri modeli<br />

aqvs da swor iuridiul Car-<br />

CoSi zis.<br />

rodesac qalaqis istoriul ubnebSi<br />

biznes interesi Cndeba, sacxovrebeli<br />

teritoria mosaxleobisgan<br />

icleba da Senobebi mSral<br />

turistul obieqtebad gadaiqceva.<br />

ruso am process `gaSardenebas~<br />

eZaxis.<br />

safrangeTis Crdilo-dasavleT-<br />

Si, istoriul provincia bretonSi<br />

yovel wels fermerebis festivali<br />

imarTeba. es mxare Zalian saxasia-<br />

To dialeqtiT da kidev ufro saxasiaTo<br />

tradiciebiTaa cnobili.<br />

ucxoelebsac es lamazi mxare swored<br />

am uCveulo niSnebiT izidavs<br />

da weliwadis am dros bretonSi<br />

aTi aTasobiT turisti Cadis. yvela<br />

Tavmoyvare bretoneli nacionalur<br />

kostumSia gamowyobili da<br />

adgilobriv dialeqtze saubrobs.<br />

`mokled turistebi sanaxaobiT<br />

bednierebi arian, _ ambobs ruso,<br />

_ magram rogorc ki festivali<br />

mTavrdeba, uecrad qreba tansacmelic<br />

da momentalurad yvela<br />

frangulad iwyebs saubars. es yvelaferi<br />

speqtaklia~.<br />

`Cven ver vamCnevT, ramdenad<br />

cocxalia Cveni qalaqi, _ ambobs<br />

<strong>levan</strong>i, _ sadme rom midixar da<br />

am gapiwkinebul quCebs da Senobebs<br />

uyureb, sinamdvileSi mxolod<br />

fasads xedav, ra xdeba fasadis<br />

ukan, imas ver amCnev. es yvelaferi<br />

samuzeumo eqsponats emsgavseba.<br />

Tbilisis istoriul ubans jer<br />

gamuzeumebis procesi ar Sexebia,<br />

amitom bevrad ufro meti kulturuli<br />

muxti aqvs, vidre im qalaqebs,<br />

sadac cxovreba mowesrigebulia.<br />

yvela procesi, rac aq xdeba,<br />

Zalian aSkarad Cans quCebSi. nebismieri<br />

evropuli qalaqi droSia<br />

gayinuli. CvenTan, sadac procesi<br />

kontrols jer ar eqvemdebareba,<br />

sivrce socialuri kuTvnilebaa.<br />

CvenTan sivrce procesia, breton-<br />

Si ki _ forma. magitom miyvars es<br />

TviTSeqmnili naxalovka. iq Cven<br />

uaxles istorias waikiTxav _ rogor<br />

agebdnen adamianebi saxlebs,<br />

ra komponentebs umatebdnen, ra<br />

masalebs iyenebdnen da rogor dizains<br />

irCevdnen. iq, komunikaciac<br />

mogvarebulia da higienac. igrZnoba<br />

TviTmyofadi da dinamiuri<br />

procesebi, romelzec kontroli<br />

naklebad vrceldeba. da, Cemi<br />

azriT, es aris swored is kulturuli<br />

muxti, romelic kargad iq<br />

Cans, sadac kontroli naklebia da<br />

metia Tavisufleba. amitom vfiqrobT,<br />

rom sxvadasxva problemis<br />

gadaWris gzebi yvela doneze unda<br />

veZeboT. mgoni, mxolod ase SeiZleba<br />

Sualedis moZebna~.<br />

_ gavdivarT? _ kiTxulobs ruso,<br />

rodesac daviT mesxi Tavis fotomowyobilobebis<br />

Calagebas iwyebs.<br />

qalaqSi gavdivarT. me da mesxsac<br />

gvinda rusosTan da <strong>levan</strong>Tan er-<br />

Tad `umisamarTod gaviseirnoT~,<br />

iqneb naxalovkaSic, rom Cvenc davinaxoT<br />

is, rasac isini, ukve didi<br />

xania, xedaven _ Cveni qalaqi. am<br />

seirnobis ambavs ki aq ar mogiyvebiT.<br />

radgan `sakuTari qalaqis~<br />

aRmosaCenad rukebi da sxvebis<br />

rCevebi araferSi gamogadgebaT. am<br />

dros ubralod gaixuravT kars da<br />

gadixarT umisamarTo da umizno<br />

mogzaurobaSi, sadac ras ipoviT<br />

da ras aRmoaCenT, winaswar aravin<br />

icis.

Zola TavisuflebisTvis<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

dias bolo politikuri gadawyvetileba,<br />

sanam is devnili gaxdeboda.<br />

1991 wlis dekembris bolos elcinma<br />

damoukidebloba gamoacxada da<br />

ruseTi sabWoTa kavSiridan gavida.<br />

31 dekembers, maSin, rodesac Tbilis-<br />

Si erTmaneTs vxocavdiT, gorbaCovma<br />

ganacxada, _ `me vwyvet Cem uflebamosilebas<br />

sabWoTa kavSirs meTauris<br />

rangSi, am saxelmwifos daSlis gamo~.<br />

am dros TbilisSi saSineli omi<br />

iyo, tyviebiT vulocavdiT erTmaneTs<br />

axal wels. ai, ase dasrulda Cveni br-<br />

Zola damoukideblobisTvis. sabWoTa<br />

kavSiri ise daiSala, rom verc ki gavigeT.<br />

gaviRviZeT pirvel ianvars da<br />

arc ki vicodiT, rom ukve damoukideblebi<br />

viyaviT. arc televizia ar mu-<br />

Saobda, da arc gazeTebi gamodioda.<br />

ase dasrulda Cveni brZola damoukideblobisTvis,<br />

romelic mivi-<br />

ReT Cvengan damoukideblad. aseve<br />

miiRo damoukidebloba uzbekeTma,<br />

tajikeTma, yirgizeTma, TurqmeneTma<br />

da yazaxeTma. gaero-m yofili sabWoTa<br />

respublikebidan maleve cno<br />

14-is damoukidebloba, erTis garda,<br />

da es erTi saqarTvelo iyo. gaero-m<br />

ar icoda, visi damoukidebloba unda<br />

ecno, qveyanas xelisufleba ar hyavda.<br />

am etapze mainc ratom ar Cndeba aranairi<br />

pasuxismgebloba imaze, rasac politikosebi<br />

akeTeben?<br />

vis unda hqonoda es pasuxismgebloba?<br />

ar mgonia, Tengiz kitovani<br />

an maSin an axla acnobierebdes imas,<br />

rac Caidina. misi `kliCka~ iyo `bawia~,<br />

ukraineli anarqisti `batia maxnos~<br />

mibaZviT, romelic xan bolSevikebs<br />

ebrZoda 1919 wels, xan TeTrebs... imis<br />

mixedviT, rogor awyobda. `kliCka~<br />

hqonda am adamianis, da es moswonda,<br />

siamovnebda. aqedan Cans misi politikuri<br />

pasuxismgeblobis siRrme.<br />

jaba ioseliani yofili kanonieri<br />

qurdi iyo. Tavisi mentalitetiT es<br />

adamiani mTeli cxovreba saxelmwifos<br />

ebrZoda da rogor SeZlebda is saxelmwifoebriv<br />

azrovnebas. erTia `bawia~,<br />

meore kanonieri qurdi da mesame sigua.<br />

ai, es triumvirati _ samxedro<br />

sabWo marTavda qveyanas.<br />

100 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

visi iniciativiT Camodis eduard SevardnaZe?<br />

SevardnaZe saqarTveloSi 1992 wlis<br />

7 marts, gamsaxurdias damxobidan mesame<br />

Tves Camovida. manamde samxedro<br />

sabWos Zalaufleba isev kalaSnikovebiT<br />

eWira. TbilisSi 10 aTasobiT<br />

zviadistis mitingebi imarTeboda,<br />

xalxs quCaSi xvretdnen da mainc ver<br />

Slidnen.<br />

ase didxans rom veRar SeinarCunebdnen<br />

Zalauflebas, pirveli jaba ioseliani<br />

mixvda.<br />

politikurma da inteleqtualurma<br />

elitam kitovanis da jabas xeliT ki<br />

moaxerxa gamsaxurdias damxoba, magram<br />

ara imisTvis, rom mere maTTvis daeTmoT<br />

Zalaufleba.<br />

amas kargad xvdeboda jaba ioseliani<br />

da daiwyo kidevac molaparakebebi<br />

SevardnaZesTan. `stalinis mere aseTi<br />

didi kaci ar gvyolia, moskovSi ganZi<br />

gvyavs da ratom unda gavuSvaT xelidan,<br />

Camosvlaze Tu daviTanxmeT, miliardi<br />

moaqvso~, _ legendebi dadioda<br />

SevardnaZeze.<br />

`yvela magis megobari iyo, buSidan<br />

dawyebuli SulciT damTavrebuli, ra<br />

unda gveqna, me da kitovani xom ar viqnebodiT<br />

TbilisSio?~ _ jabas sityvebs<br />

geubnebi.<br />

mTeli komunisturi inteligencia<br />

da nomenklatura, yvela, visac ar undoda<br />

gamsaxurdia, SevardnaZis Camosvlas<br />

elodeboda, siguas da kitovanis<br />

garda. maT icodnen, rom SevardnaZis<br />

xelSi Zalaufleba aRar eqnebodaT,<br />

sigua imdenad gabrazebuli iyo, rom<br />

aeroportSi ar wavida mis dasaxvedrad.<br />

kitovans SevardnaZisTvis mxolod<br />

sagareo saqmeTa ministris posti<br />

emeteboda, sxvaTa Soris, Tavis droze<br />

zviad gamsaxurdiasac. mokled, SevardnaZes<br />

samsaxurs yvela sTavazobda.<br />

SevardnaZis Camoyvanis gamo, jabasa<br />

da kitovans Soris ise daiZaba<br />

urTierToba, rom kinaRam meore omi<br />

daiwyo. maSin jabam mxedrioni fexze<br />

daayena da pirdapir Tqva, an damTanxmdebiT,<br />

an sxva zomebs miviRebo.<br />

jabas mxars sazogadoebrivi azric<br />

uWerda da Tavisi gaitana.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, maSin kitovanma jabas<br />

uTxra, _ eg kaci rom Camogyavs, icode,<br />

jer me damiWers da mere Seno...<br />

sazogadoeba ratom aris aseTi ususuri,<br />

ratom ver axdens is gavlenas politikur<br />

procesebze?<br />

sazogadoeba imaze fiqrobda, _<br />

axla vis gavyveTo. maSin jabam ixumra,<br />

_ `tramvais gayeviTo~. `cekadan~<br />

pirdapir omze gadavediT. Cven qveynis<br />

marTvis araferi vicodiT, bnel oTaxSi<br />

aRmovCndiT da xelebis cecebiT<br />

davdiodiT. es giJuri 90-ianebi iyo.<br />

es namdvili sigiJe iyo. dRe ise Tendeboda,<br />

rom aravin icoda, ra unda<br />

ekeTebina.<br />

SevardnaZe mzad iyo am nabijisTvis?<br />

sanam SevardnaZe saqarTveloSi<br />

Camovidoda, elcins Sexvda da azri<br />

hkiTxa, Wkviani kaci iyo, gansxvavebiT<br />

sxvebisgan, da Camosvlamde daiwyo<br />

mxardamWerebis mopoveba. elcini dai-<br />

Tanxma, manamde Zalian cudi urTier-<br />

Toba hqondaT, ar uyvardaT da ar<br />

endobodnen erTmaneTs, raRac Zveli<br />

komunisturi angariSebi hqondaT. SevardnaZe<br />

saqarTveloSi mxolod ruseTis<br />

mxardaWeris miRebis Semdeg Camovida<br />

da Camoitana sakuTari wignis<br />

honorari _ 100 aTasi dolari. es iyo<br />

misi legendaruli miliardi. sxvaTa<br />

Soris, misi CamosvlisTanave gaero-m<br />

saqarTvelos damoukidebloba aRiara.<br />

SevardnaZem kargad icoda, sad modioda.<br />

man Tqva `rodesac me TbilisSi<br />

Camovedi, maSin saqarTvelo ar arsebobdao~.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom es arapopularuli<br />

mosazrebaa, me viziareb<br />

am Sefasebas.<br />

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis iurisdiqcia<br />

ar vrceldeboda arc afxazeTSi,<br />

arc samegreloSi, arc aWaraSi<br />

da arc yofil samxreT oseTSi. samtrediaSi<br />

xan vrceldeboda, xan ara.<br />

qveyana Tavidan bolomde samoqalaqo<br />

omSi iyo Cafluli. quCebSi bandebi<br />

daTareSobdnen, Zarcva-gleja da ya-<br />

CaRoba iyo.<br />

SevardnaZe rom Camovida, erT-erTi<br />

pirveli Sexvedra universitetSi hqonda.<br />

gamosvlisas majis saaTi moixsna

da tribunaze dado. es saaTi mopares.<br />

ai, aseTi iyo maSin saqarTvelo.<br />

gaazrebis, Sefasebis, SeCerebis, raime<br />

alternativis moZebnis sivrce ar arsebobda?<br />

aranairi. erTaderTi, rac moxda am<br />

periodSi, samoqalaqo omis dawyebis<br />

win, is iyo, rom eqimma gia abesaZem<br />

cocxlad daiwva Tavi. es nabiji imitom<br />

gadadga, rom ramenairad SeeCerebina<br />

is sigiJe, rasac qarTvelebi<br />

akeTebdnen. adamianma navTi gadaisxa<br />

da Tavi moikla Sua rusTavelze, er-<br />

TaderTi mizniT, _ egeb mixvdeT ras<br />

akeTebTo.<br />

2 seqtembridan 4 Tve Tbilisi isterikaSi<br />

cxovrobda. aranairi Sefaseba,<br />

araviTar analizze ar aris saubari.<br />

an aqeT unda yofiliyavi, an iqiT,<br />

sxva arCevani ar arsebobda. saSineli<br />

radikalizmi iyo. qarTvelebi iseTi<br />

sisastikiT ibrZodnen erTmaneTis winaaRmdeg,<br />

jer TbilisSi da mere samegreloSi,<br />

rom aseTi sisastikiT arsad<br />

ubrZoliaT _ arc afxazeTSi da arc<br />

oseTSi.<br />

ratom Camodis SevardnaZe, ratom<br />

aris is Tanaxma Caibaros aseTi qveyana?<br />

da ra arCevani hqonda? ruseTSi is<br />

sZuldaT. gansakuTrebiT gacofebulebi<br />

iyvnen samxedroebi. gorbaCovi<br />

rusia da mas apaties sabWoTa kavSiris<br />

daSla, ai SevardnaZe rusi ar iyo da,<br />

yvela ubedureba mas daabrales.<br />

bolos dacvac mouxsnes da mis usafrTxoebas<br />

iciT, vin icavda? _ iqauri<br />

qarTveli mafiozebi, Savebi...<br />

jaba ioseliani momiyva TviTon, _<br />

damirekes da miTxres, Tu migyavT es<br />

kaci aqedan, droze waiyvaneT, Torem<br />

mis usafrTxoebaze pasuxs veRar vagebTo.<br />

Camovida da pirveli rac gaakeTa,<br />

azerbaijanSi da somxeTSi Cavida, undoda<br />

regionuli lideri gamxdariyo.<br />

ase ambobs Tengiz sigua, romelic<br />

Tan axlda SevardnaZes molaparakebebze.<br />

is dRemde amtkicebs, rom<br />

is amerikelebma gamouSves, raTa es<br />

regioni ruseTisaTvis gamoeglijaT<br />

xelidan. am Sexvedrebze SevardnaZe<br />

cdilobda, daerwmunebina liderebi,<br />

SeeqmnaT regionuli kavSiri da mibrunebuliyvnen<br />

dasavleTisken. magram<br />

es ar gamovida, somxeTSi uari<br />

uTxres yarabaRis gamo, maT ruse-<br />

Tis mxardaWera sWirdebodaT. uari<br />

uTxres azerbaijanSic.<br />

ra aris SevardnaZis nomer pirveli<br />

amocana?<br />

man Tavis misiad erovnuli konsolidacia<br />

gamoacxada. Seqmna saxelmwifo<br />

sabWo da Seiyvana absoluturad<br />

yvela politikuri Zala. es sabWo<br />

imelSi ijda da marTalia, laqlaqis<br />

garda arafers ar akeTebda, magram<br />

saidanRac xom unda daewyo.<br />

realuri xelisufleba isev jaba ioselianis,<br />

kitovanisa da siguas xelSi<br />

iyo.<br />

SevardnaZe cdilobda, Tanamdebobebi<br />

yvelasTvis mieca, imisTvis, rom<br />

yvela gamsaxurdiasTan brZolaSi Caeba.<br />

misi Camosvlis dRidan samoqalaqo<br />

omi kidev ufro gamwvavda. ase rom,<br />

misi mTavari amocana gamsaxurdias da<br />

zviadistebis damarcxeba iyo.<br />

anu saqarTvelos damoukideblobis-<br />

Tvis brZolis idea am etapze zviadistebis<br />

damarcxebad transformirda?<br />

92-Si zviad gamsaxurdia gaiqca saqarTvelodan,<br />

Torem samoqalaqo omi<br />

ki ar damTavrda, dapirispireba samegreloSi<br />

gadavida. da im wlebSi es<br />

mxare Zalian usamarTlod da sastikad<br />

daisaja. walenjixaSi saSineli Setakebebi<br />

iyo, xalxis dasawiokeblad Tbilisidan<br />

reidebi igzavneboda.<br />

Tavisi sisastikiTa da daundoblobiT<br />

samegrelo amaT ormagad gaazviadistes.<br />

moTareSe razmebi xalxma ver<br />

miiRo da verc miiRebda _ yaCaRoba<br />

iyo, qoneba mohqondaT, mdidrdebodnen.<br />

am bandebidan nawils kanonieri qurdi<br />

jaba ioseliani xelmZRvanelobda,<br />

nawils _ kitovani metsaxelad `bawia~.<br />

gagiJda iq xalxi. radikalizmi gaormagda<br />

da gaaTmagda. am awiokebebis<br />

gamo, xalxma mokida xeli kalaSnikovs<br />

da SeuerTda qobalias. polkovniki<br />

qobalia metsaxelad `loTi~ gamsaxur-<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

dias gvardiis sardali iyo, romelic<br />

darCa saqarTveloSi da samegreloSi<br />

gaiqca. imis Tqma minda, rom erT mxares<br />

`bawiaa~, meore mxares `loTi~. es<br />

xalxi iyofs saqarTvelos, es xalxi<br />

ibrZvis ZalauflebisTvis. orive mxares<br />

rusuli iaraRi uWiravs, rusebi<br />

wyveten, vis ramdeni kalaSnikovi miscen.<br />

ai, es aris Cveni saqarTvelo.<br />

amerika gvigzavnis humanitarul<br />

daxmarebas, rom mSivrebi ar davixocoT.<br />

puri safuraJe xorbliT cxveba<br />

da dilis 5 saaTze ukve rigebi dgas.<br />

erTaderTi, rac iyideba, puria. ukve<br />

yvelaferi moSlilia, mTeli qveyana<br />

mkvdaria.<br />

Cven, rogorc eri, aRar varsebobT,<br />

aranairi imuniteti aRar gagvaCnia.<br />

afxazebi sargebloben qarTvelebis<br />

dapirispirebiT, sakanonmdeblo bazas<br />

qmnian da damoukideblobis gamocxadebisTvis<br />

emzadebian.<br />

afxazeTi amave dros zviadistebis<br />

Zalian seriozuli dasayrdenia, qar-<br />

Tuli mosaxleobis 90 procenti zviadistia<br />

da 92-is zafxulSi, 14 agvistos<br />

iwyeba omi afxazeTSi. SevardnaZes<br />

ori mTavari amocana aqvs: bolo mou-<br />

Ros afxazebis separatizms da mospos<br />

zviadistebis dasayrdeni. garda amisa,<br />

rkinigza iZarcveba, saSineli yaCaRobaa,<br />

gansakuTrebiT gudauTaSi. yvela<br />

tvirTs, romelic ruseTidan modis,<br />

maT Soris somxeTisTvis, gudauTaSi<br />

gauZarcvavs ar tovebdnen.<br />

anu afxazeTis omi imitomac daiwyo,<br />

rom qarTvelebs Soris dapirispireba<br />

grZeldeboda?<br />

es omi yvelas awyobda. zviadistebi<br />

fiqroben, rom SevardnaZes daasamareben,<br />

SevardnaZes imedi aqvs, rom afxazeTis<br />

sakiTxs sabolood gadawyvets,<br />

afxazebs ki rusebi agulianeben da<br />

imedi aqvT, rom gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi,<br />

damoukideblobas moipoveben.<br />

rodesac SevardnaZis kabinetSi am<br />

omis dawyebis Sesaxeb msjelobdnen,<br />

man Tqva, rom jaris Seyvana arZinbas-<br />

Tan unda SeTanxmdes. mas Tavad daelaparaka<br />

da Tanxmobasc miiRo, rom,<br />

rkinigzis gakontrolebis mizniT,<br />

afxazeTSi jari Sevidoda.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 101

gagrZeleba<br />

ar fiqrob, rom am omis dawyebis pasu-<br />

xismgebloba sabolood mainc qarTvelebzea?<br />

me vfiqrob, rom afxazebze isevea,<br />

rogorc qarTvelebze. afxazebs rom<br />

moendomebinaT, es omi ar iqneboda.<br />

saqarTvelos jari rodesac soxumSi<br />

Sedis, es gadaRebulia, sigua arZinbas<br />

eZebs, magram ver poulobs. arZinba<br />

jer daimala da mere omis dawyebis Sesaxeb<br />

gasca brZaneba.<br />

arZinba rom winaaRmdegi yofiliyo,<br />

fiqrob, rom SevardnaZe jars ar<br />

Seiyvanda?<br />

SeiZleba ar Seeyvana an jari rkinigzas<br />

gayveboda da zviadistebs<br />

daupirispirdeboda. afxazebi Segnebulad<br />

wavidnen qarTvelebTan omze,<br />

maSin gamsaxurdias da arZinbas interesebi<br />

erTmaneTs daemTxva. pirveli<br />

tyvia roca gavarda da qarTvelebma<br />

da afxazebma erTmaneTs esroles,<br />

gamsaxurdias pirveli mowodeba iyo:<br />

davdgeT mcirericxovani afxazi xalxis<br />

gverdiT, gadavarCinoT afxazebi<br />

genocidisgano. es aris im adamianis<br />

mowodeba, romelic manamde ambobda, _<br />

afxazebi rogorc eri ar arsebobso.<br />

ai, ase transformirda misi damokidebuleba,<br />

mxolod imitom, rom gamsaxurdiasTvis<br />

afxazeTSi SevardnaZis<br />

gamarjveba mis dasamarebas niSnavda.<br />

pirveli, rac gaakeTes gamsaxurdias<br />

momxreebma, omis dawyebis Semdeg gudauTaSi<br />

Cavidnen da molaparakebebi<br />

daiwyes. uzenaesi sabWos wevrma jemal<br />

gamaxariam afxazeTis televizias<br />

interviu misca da wamyvanis kiTxvaze<br />

_ gaerTiandebian Tu ara qarTvelebi<br />

afxazebis winaaRmdeg _ upasuxa: `Cven<br />

SevardnaZesTan arasdros gaverTiandebiT~.<br />

qobalia dResac irwmuneba,<br />

rom afxazebi Tanaxma iyvnen, gamsaxurdias<br />

momxreebi afxazeTSi SeeSvaT,<br />

rogorc samSvidobo Zala. ramdenad<br />

daujerebeli rameebi xdeboda, ara?<br />

am dapirispirebam Tavidanve gagvwira<br />

damarcxebisTvis.<br />

aq Zalian mniSvnelovania ruseTis<br />

rolic, axla ukve elcini iTxovs yofili<br />

sabWoTa respublikebisgan `esengeSi~<br />

Sesvlas.<br />

102 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

2 seqtembers, roca droebiT Sewyda<br />

afxazeTis omi, SevardnaZem arZinbas<br />

yvelaferze, rac undoda, xeli moawerina,<br />

maT Soris _ ganiaraRebaze.<br />

maSin es SevardnaZis seriozul gamarjvebad<br />

CaiTvala. Semdeg erTi Tve<br />

elodebodnen rusebi, rom sanacvlod<br />

is `esengeSi~ Sesvlaze xels moawerda,<br />

magram es imdenad arapopularuli nabiji<br />

iyo, rom SevardnaZem ver gabeda<br />

amis gakeTeba. `esengeTi~ TamaSi saqar-<br />

Tvelos Zalian Zvirad, afxazeTis fasad<br />

daujda.<br />

hqondaT Tu ara Sansi qarTvelebs, ar<br />

daewyoT es omi?<br />

Cemi azriT, hqondaT. SevardnaZe<br />

axla ambobs, rom Secdoma iyo am omis<br />

dawyeba. `me davuSvi Secdoma, rodesac<br />

afxazeTSi piradad ar Cavedi da<br />

ar Sevxvdi arZinbas~, _ ambobs is.<br />

jari rom Sevida soxumSi, afxazuri<br />

droSa Camoxsnes. kitovanma wamoiRo<br />

es droSa da ferxTiT daugdo SevardnaZes,<br />

viTom didma sardalma imperators<br />

nadavli miarTva.<br />

Cven afxazebs ar ganvixilavdiT<br />

saqarTvelos moqalaqeebad, Cven<br />

ubralod unda Semogvemtkicebina es<br />

kuTxe. aseTi midgoma iyo da politikosebTan<br />

erTad am ganwyobas mosaxleobac<br />

iziarebda.<br />

rodis gawyda sabolood qarTvelebsa<br />

da afxazebs Soris damakavSirebeli<br />

Zafi? rodis dadga momenti, roca ukan<br />

dasaxevi gza aRar darCa?<br />

omis Semdegac iyo ukan dasaxevi<br />

gza. arZinba xels awerda saerTo saxelmwifos<br />

Seqmnas saqarTvelosTan<br />

da Tanaxma iyo devnilebis dabrunebaze.<br />

primakovma is TbilisSi Camoiyvana,<br />

SevardnaZesTan 10 Tu 12-saaTiani<br />

Sexvedra hqondaT. ar vici, ramdenad<br />

Sesruldeboda es SeTanxmeba, magram<br />

amaze ukve SevardnaZem Tqva uari. mas<br />

erTiani saxelmwifo undoda, da ara<br />

afxazebisa da qarTvelebis mier er-<br />

Tad Seqmnili saxelmwifo.<br />

ratom awerda amaze xels arZinba?<br />

molaparakebebi grZeldeboda, rodesac<br />

ruseTs problemebi eqmneboda<br />

Crdilo kavkasiaSi, maSin Cveni ur-<br />

TierTobebi Tbeboda da isini afxazebze<br />

zewolas aZlierebdnen... erTi<br />

sityviT, gveTamaSebodnen...<br />

ruseT-CeCneTis meore omis dros<br />

ukve prezidenti putini sTxovda<br />

SevardnaZes, rom saqarTvelos mxridan<br />

jaris Seyvanis saSualeba miecaT<br />

qarTvelebs, amis sanacvlod,<br />

soxumamde teritorias gvaZlevdnen<br />

erT dReSi, zustad erT dReSi mogcemTo...<br />

SevardnaZe ar endo maSin rusebs,<br />

ifiqra, rom kidev moatyuebdnen... an<br />

kidev ar gawira CeCnebi, ar vici, ra<br />

moxda. amaze gabrazebulma rusebma ma-<br />

Sin daiwyes pirvelad afxazebisaTvis<br />

pasportebis darigeba...<br />

rom davubrundeT 90-iani wlebis dasawyiss,<br />

maSin Cven Tbilissa da samegreloSi<br />

erTmaneTs vxocavdiT da afxazebisTvis<br />

ra unda SegveTavazebina, ratom<br />

unda vyofiliyaviT maTTvis mimzidveli<br />

da saintereso?<br />

Cven Soris uTanxmoeba SeiZleba<br />

didi xnis manZilze yofiliyo davis<br />

sagani, magram amas omi ar mohyoloda.<br />

arc Cven da arc afxazebs ar aRmogvaCnda<br />

imuniteti. orive mxarem<br />

davuSviT didi Secdoma da yvelaferi<br />

gavafuWeT. es rogorc qarTuli, ise<br />

afxazuri politikuri elitis Secdomis<br />

Sedegi iyo, rogorc daingra danarCeni<br />

saqarTvelo, ise daingra afxazeTic.<br />

dasavleTi am dros gvarwmunebda, _<br />

mTavaria, ruseTTan gamonaxeT saer-<br />

To enao. `elcini xeliT gviWiravs da<br />

meore xeliT TavSi ver CavartyamTo~,<br />

_ eubnebian saqarTvelos xelisuflebas,<br />

romelic daxmarebas iTxovs.<br />

ruseTi amiT kargad sargeblobda da<br />

Cvenc Cveni bedovlaTobiT amis saSualebas<br />

vaZlevdiT. didi Zalisxmevac<br />

ar sWirdebodaT, iaraRs arigebdnen<br />

mxolod.<br />

afxazeTSi omis dawyebis win, saqarTvelos<br />

Tavdacvis saministros<br />

axalcixis divizia da diviziis mTeli<br />

SeiaraReba gadasces. tankebi, qvemexebi,<br />

tyvia-wamali iqidan pirdapir afxazeTSi<br />

wavida.

afxazeTis omis tragedia raSi iyo?<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi tragizmi raSi Cans?<br />

am omma daamtkica, rom saqarTvelo,<br />

rogorc saxelmwifo, ar arsebobda, es<br />

iyo brZola dapirispirebul politikur<br />

banakebs Soris. afxazeTis omSi<br />

vinc gaimarjvebda, is iqneboda legitimuri.<br />

am oms erTnairad Seewiren<br />

qarTvelebic, afxazebic da saqarTvelos<br />

teritoriebic. saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

azrovneba da qveynis momavali politikosebis<br />

ambiciebs gadayva.<br />

am oms raRac raundebi hqonda, ara?<br />

rogor eqcevian qarTvelebi am omSi<br />

erTmaneTs?<br />

SevardnaZe kargavs soxums imitom,<br />

rom mas ebrZvis gamsaxurdia, amis Semdeg<br />

gamsaxurdia kargavs danarCen<br />

afxazeTs imitom, rom mas mxars ar<br />

uWers SevardnaZe.<br />

gamsaxurdias da SevardnaZis mebr-<br />

Zolebs yvelaze metad zurgSi erTmaneTis<br />

tyviis moxvedris eSinodaT. am<br />

dros yvela viTom soxumSi midioda<br />

da sinamdvileSi iq aravin Casula.<br />

soxumis ukanaskneli dReebi lakmusis<br />

qaRaldia. kargad Cans, ra eri, ra<br />

sazogadoeba, ra saxelmwifo viyaviT.<br />

Cven ar viyaviT gamarjvebis Rirsi.<br />

SevardnaZes rom soxumi gadaerCina,<br />

es iyo gamsaxurdias politikuri<br />

sikvdili da Tu gamsaxurdia gadaar-<br />

Cenda danarCen afxazeTs, es iqneboda<br />

SevardnaZis politikuri sikvdili.<br />

erTis ukan naxevari saqarTvelo<br />

idga, meore naxevari ki meores ukan.<br />

Cven, gulubryvilo adamianebs ki gvegona,<br />

rom kritikul momentSi gaver-<br />

TiandebodiT, aRmoCnda, rom aseT<br />

kritikul momentSi SevardnaZe da gamsaxurdia,<br />

maTi momxreebi kidev ufro<br />

didi mtrebi gaxdnen.<br />

soxumSi darCenilebis bedi aravis<br />

adardebda, afxazebs rom mtrebad<br />

vTvlidiT, gasagebia, magram soxumis<br />

qarTveli mosaxleoba, es xalxi gawires?<br />

gawires. 200 aTasi adamiani iyo<br />

alyaSi, rodesac soxumis Sturmi<br />

daiwyo. es xalxi fexebze ekidaT, im<br />

wuTSi gamsaxurdias da SevardnaZis<br />

bedi wydeboda. SevardnaZem Tavisi<br />

bolo koziri, `sng~ arc soxumis, arc<br />

gagris, arc oCamCiris gadarCenisTvis<br />

ar gamoiyena, aramed gamoiyena maSin,<br />

rodesac mis Zalauflebas realuri<br />

safrTxe daemuqra da zvidistebi<br />

quTaisTan mividnen. ai, maSin Sevida<br />

saqarTvelo `sng~-Si. sanacvlod, rusebis<br />

samxedro mxardaWera miiRo da<br />

admiral baltinis flotis desanti<br />

foTSi.<br />

es faqtobrivad samoqalaqo omis dasasruls<br />

niSnavda?<br />

diax, zviadistebi mixvdnen, rom<br />

ruseTma SevardnaZe airCia da aRarc<br />

ubrZoliaT. 1993 wlis 7 noembers samTavrobo<br />

jarebi zugdidSi Sevidnen.<br />

pirvel `beteerSi~ vaxtang goguaZe<br />

ijda, meoreSi _ avTo margiani, zed<br />

saqarTvelos droSa frialebda. qalaqi<br />

iyo mkvdari, maSin zugdidi kidev<br />

erTxel da sabolood gaiZarcva.<br />

gamsaxurdia afxazeTSi gaiqca,<br />

afxazebma is Tavisi momxreebiT mii-<br />

Res, Tumca mosTxoves, rom afxazeTis<br />

damoukideblobisTvis moewera xeli.<br />

gamsaxurdia maSin mixvda, rom Zalian<br />

cudad gamoiyenes. man es aRar gaakeTa,<br />

ris gamoc gamoagdes afxazeTidan da<br />

iZulebuli gaxda, maRalmTian samegrelos<br />

tyeebSi damaluliyo, didxans<br />

ixetiala da bolos Tavi moikla. sa-<br />

Sinel apaTiaSi iyo. yvela Semoecala<br />

da mxolod 3 adamianTan erTad darCa.<br />

ojaxebi ukve mis miRebaze uars ambobdnen,<br />

eSinodaT...<br />

mokled, afxazeTis omis ganmavlobaSi<br />

yvela mainc imaze fiqrobda, visi<br />

sikvdiliT da damarcxebiT damTavrdeboda<br />

es omi _ gamsaxurdiasi Tu SevardnaZis.<br />

saboloo jamSi afxazeTis<br />

omi orives damarcxebiT damTavrda.<br />

magram SevardnaZem xelisuflebis SenarCuneba<br />

moaxerxa. cota xniT adre<br />

elcini mas sTavazobda, _ modi, gavyoT<br />

saqarTvelo da dasavleTSi iyos<br />

gamsaxurdia, aRmosavleTSi ki Sen iyavio.<br />

sabednierod, maSin saqarTvelo<br />

amas gadaurCa.<br />

rogor SevZeliT cxovrebis gagrZeleba<br />

am damangreveli omebis Semdeg?<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

saqarTvelo saSineli depresiuli<br />

xdeba. afxazeTi dakargulia, asiaTasobiT<br />

devnilia, romlebsac qveyana<br />

ver uvlis. arc saWmelia, arc sasmeli,<br />

arc sacxovrebeli. saqarTvelo sruli<br />

bankrotia.<br />

ai, es miiRo saqarTvelom SevardnaZis<br />

CamosvliT. ar gamarTlda arc<br />

erTi imedi, rasac qarTveli xalxi<br />

masze amyarebda.<br />

omis Semdeg SevardnaZes xels aRar<br />

aZlevs samxedro mmarTveloba. gamsaxurdia<br />

moklulia, afxazeTis omi<br />

da samoqalaqo omic damTavrebuli.<br />

da iwyebs politikuri dasayrdenis<br />

momzadebas. omis dros sigua da kitovani<br />

gadaayena. jaba isev Zalian<br />

Zlieri figuraa. samoqalaqo omSi<br />

yvelaferi mxedrionis kiserze gadavida.<br />

Tuki afxazeTis omamde ruseTis<br />

mTavari amocana iyo, rom saqarTvelo<br />

ruseTze ufro susti qveyana yofiliyo,<br />

afxazeTis omis dasrulebis<br />

Semdeg faqtobrivad rusebi iwyeben<br />

saqarTvelos mTavrobis daniSvnas.<br />

SevardnaZes im momentSi arafris Secvla<br />

ar SeuZlia. Cveni bedi isev<br />

vake-saburTalos gadasasvlelze<br />

wydeba. uSiSroebis ministri igor<br />

giorgaZe, Sinagan saqmeTa ministri<br />

SoTa kviraia, amas mohyva mogvianebiT<br />

Tavdacvis ministrad vardiko<br />

nadibaiZis daniSvnac. yvela Zalovan<br />

ministrs Tavidan bolomde ruseTi<br />

akontrolebda. parlamentis spikeri<br />

vaxtang goguaZe sul moskovSi<br />

ijda, imitom ki ara, rom agenti iyo,<br />

mas gulwrfelad sjeroda, rom saqarTvelos<br />

xsna mxolod da mxolod<br />

moskovze gadioda.<br />

ase daiwyo axali cxovreba. SevardnaZe<br />

Tavis politikur dasayrdens<br />

moqalaqeTa kavSirSi xedavda, Tumca<br />

giorgi Wanturia, romelic opozicia-<br />

Si iyo, SevardnaZesTan farul molaparakebebs<br />

awarmoebda da mas arwmunebda,<br />

rom dasayrdeni masSi daenaxa.<br />

Wanturia iTxovs, rom SevardnaZem Tavisi<br />

ministrebi gauSvas da mTavroba<br />

edepem daakompleqtos. is axalgazrda<br />

iyo, Zlieri politikuri organizacia<br />

hqonda, arsad ar eCqareboda, Sevard-<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 103

gagrZeleba<br />

naZis prezidentobis vadis amowurvamde<br />

dacdac SeeZlo.<br />

mxedrioni, rusebis mier daniSnuli<br />

Zalovani ministrebi, moqalaqeTa<br />

kavSiri _ SevardnaZes yvela gverdze<br />

unda gaewia da gia Wanturias imedad<br />

yofiliyo. SevardnaZe amas ar da ver<br />

izamda, Tumca Wanturias Tavi dauqnia<br />

da daTanxmda. misi Tanxmoba ki<br />

imas niSnavda, rom Wanturia unda<br />

momkvdariyo. mas gadarCenis Sansi<br />

aRar hqonda, Wanturiam Zalian iCqara<br />

da yvelas erTdroulad daupirispirda.<br />

hqonda Tu ara Wanturias imis potenciali,<br />

rom qveynis bedi sxvanairad<br />

waeyvana, ra politikuri miznebi amo-<br />

Zravebda?<br />

gia Wanturia, rogorc ki xelisuflebaSi<br />

movidoda, yvelas Tavebs<br />

daayrevinebda. ar vici, qveynisTvis<br />

rogori iqneboda, magram misi mtrebi<br />

amas kargad xedavdnen da, pirveli<br />

visac Tavi gaagdebines, es Tavad gia<br />

Wanturia iyo.<br />

erTaderTi Zlieri politikuri<br />

organizacia mas hyavda, Tanac kargi<br />

SeiaraRebac hqonda. magram maSin politikosebs<br />

da politikur partiebs<br />

aravin gaaxarebda. maSin avtomatis da<br />

gangsterebis dro iyo.<br />

Wanturias mkvlelobas sxva gaxmaurebuli<br />

mkvlelobebic mohyva, rogorc<br />

Sen ambob, saqarTvelo gangsteruli<br />

qveyana gaxda. hqonda Tu ara am<br />

mkvlelobebis umravlesobas politikuri<br />

sababi da kavSirSia Tu ara isini<br />

erTmaneTTan?<br />

im dros Cven kanonebi aRar gvqonda<br />

_ arc sabWoTa kavSiris da arc damoukidebeli<br />

saqarTvelosi, es iyo<br />

mgluri kanonebis xana. adamianebi<br />

klavdnen erTmaneTs, da es iyo martivi<br />

da erTaderTi gamosavali.<br />

am mkvlelobebis fonze ki SevardnaZe<br />

Zalauflebas TandaTan imyarebda.<br />

misi mTavari metoqeebi absoluturi<br />

Zalauflebis gzaze mainc igor<br />

giorgaZe da jaba ioseliani iyvnen.<br />

rusebi SevardnaZes ar endobodnen<br />

da alternativasac amzadebdnen _ es<br />

104 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

alternativa igor giorgaZe iyo. mas<br />

rusebma yvelaze brZolisunariani<br />

qvedanayofebi Seuqmnes. avtoritetic<br />

mzardi hqonda. amas SevardnaZe<br />

kargad xedavda.<br />

rodesac giorgaZe moskovSi Cadis,<br />

is saqarTveloSi veRar brundeba.<br />

vaJa lorTqifaniZe, maSindeli saqarTvelos<br />

elCi moskovSi, Tavad<br />

hyveba, rogor mivida igor giorga-<br />

Ze masTan, da SevardnaZes SeuTvala,<br />

rom Semodgomaze TbilisSi Cavidoda<br />

da arCevnebSi daexmareboda. 95 wlis<br />

zafxulia, saparlamento da saprezidento<br />

arCevnebi SemodgomisTvisaa<br />

daniSnuli. es rom vaJa lorTqifaniZem<br />

SevardnaZes gadasca, man upasuxa:<br />

jer mand iyos, ar Camovideso.<br />

giorgaZe ministrad iTvleba, magram<br />

SevardnaZe TbilisSi ar uSvebs... moqalaqeTa<br />

kavSiri Zlierdeba da mxedrioni<br />

nel-nela sustdeba. `jabas<br />

biWebze~ ukve nadirobaa dawyebuli,<br />

mxedrions Sinagan saqmeTa ministri<br />

SoTa kviraia aviwrovebs. SevardnaZem<br />

jaba ioseliansac SeuTvala, rom politikidan<br />

wasuliyo. maT Soris yvela<br />

xidi sabolood Caingra, mtrebi<br />

gaxdnen.<br />

saparlamento arCevnebSi SevardnaZe<br />

moqalaqeTa kavSiris gayvanas<br />

apirebs. qveynis konstitucia TiTqmis<br />

ukve mzadaa xelmosawerad. anu<br />

saxelmwifom raRac elementaruli<br />

funqciebi unda SeiZinos. ra Tqma<br />

unda, es bevrs xels ar aZlevs... mokled,<br />

SevardnaZe unda mokvdes.<br />

gia WanturiaTi daiwyes da saxelmwifos<br />

meTauriT daasrules. rodesac<br />

29 agvistos SevardnaZe konstituciaze<br />

xelis mosawerad midis, mas<br />

manqanaSi afeTqeben. es uSiSroebis da<br />

mxedrionis operacia iyo.<br />

SevardnaZem Tavisi sicocxlis fasad<br />

raRacis gadarCena SeZlo. mas<br />

esmoda konstituciis mniSvneloba da<br />

yvelaferze wavida am dokumentis misaRebad.<br />

jaba ioselianis daWeris Semdeg<br />

SevardnaZe erTpirovnuli mmar-<br />

Tveli xdeba.<br />

parlamentSi ki modis axalgazrda<br />

Taoba, romelic sxvanairad fiqrobs,<br />

da romelic avad Tu kargad<br />

dResac Cveni qveynis xelisufleba-<br />

Sia.<br />

sazogadoebaSi odnavi optimizmi<br />

Cndeba.<br />

konstitucia, baqo-jeihanis milsadeni<br />

da dasavleTis strategiuli<br />

interesebis sferoSi moqceva, laris<br />

SemoReba, ruseTis samxedro bazebis<br />

gayvanaze xelSekrulebis mowera, es<br />

SevardnaZis proeqtebia. 96-97 wlebSi<br />

SevardnaZe absoluturi mmarTvelia<br />

da mas reformebis dawyeba SeuZlia,<br />

Tumca, amis sanacvlod, man iseTi<br />

xalxi Semoikriba, romelic totalur<br />

korufciaSia CarTuli, qveyanac<br />

isev ukan-ukan iwyebs svlas da WaobSi<br />

efloba.<br />

ratom ar fasdeboda qarTveli politikosebis<br />

gadawyvetilebebi vardebis<br />

revoluciamde, cxadia, magram ratom<br />

ar moxda es 2003 wlis mere, ratom<br />

aravin daisaja Cadenili danaSaulebebisTvis?<br />

politikuri kompromisia. Zveli<br />

TeTreulis qeqva aRar moindomes. wesiT,<br />

SevardnaZe unda gasamarTldes,<br />

iseve, rogorc unda Sefasdes gamsaxurdias<br />

mier Cadenili danaSaulic.<br />

ra SegveZlo Segveqmna am 20 wlis<br />

ganmavlobaSi da ra Secdomebi davuSviT<br />

iseTi, ris gamosworebis Sansic<br />

SeiZleba aRarc arasdros gvqondes?<br />

yvelaferi gamsaxurdias damxobiT,<br />

an ufro sworad gamsaxurdias ar-<br />

CeviT daiwyo. Cven ar vicodiT, ras<br />

virCevdiT; maT ki, vinc avirCieT, ar<br />

icodnen, saiT unda waeyvanaT qveyana.<br />

mTeli es wlebi Cven mivdiodiT<br />

arsaiT, saSineli ngreviT da patara<br />

gamonaTebebiT. unda vaRiaroT, rom<br />

drois absoluturi umravlesoba<br />

fuWad davkargeT.<br />

mTeli Cveni erovnuli moZraoba<br />

da TavisuflebisTvis brZola imiT<br />

sruldeba, rom 1995 wels damoukidebeli<br />

saqarTvelos prezidentis<br />

postisTvis erTmaneTs ori komunisti<br />

_ eduard SevardnaZe da jumber<br />

patiaSvili upirispirdeba, da orive<br />

lideri damoukidebeli saqarTvelos<br />

momavalze laparakobs.

arseni roginski:<br />

ruseTSi ar arsebobs politikuri sivrce<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

qmnes organizacia, dRemde yvelani aq<br />

agrZeleben moRvaweobas. ratom moxda<br />

ase? imitom, rom es idea: istoriuli<br />

mexsierebisa da adamianis uflebebis<br />

Serwyma sakmaod sicocxlisunariani<br />

aRmoCnda, da meore _ Cven SevZeliT<br />

struqtura Segveqmna. rusi inteligenciis<br />

cxovreba mainc araformaluria<br />

da ZiriTadad pirad megobrobazea<br />

damyarebuli. Cven ki SevqmeniT organizacia,<br />

romelic wesdebas efuZneba da<br />

magaliTad me, gamgeobis wevrs sakmaod<br />

mzRudavs es wesdeba. vTqvaT, roca<br />

raime gancxadebis gakeTeba gvinda, Tu<br />

ar gaiara gamgeobaze kenWisyra, ise ar<br />

vuSvebT, amasobaSi ki xSirad ramdenime<br />

dRe gvekargeba. magram miuxedavad imisa,<br />

rom mTavari proceduraa, „memorialSi“<br />

aranakleb rols TamaSobs mis<br />

wevrebs Soris piradi megobroba.<br />

rogoria politikuri cxovreba ruseTSi?<br />

ruseTSi, ubralod, ar arsebobs<br />

politikuri cxovreba. bolo sociologiuri<br />

kvlevebiT, putinis reitingi<br />

daeca da is 75 procentia, medvedevisa<br />

ki _ 68 procenti. asea erTwliani<br />

mZime krizisis Semdeg. am ricxvebis<br />

mixedviT xom SegiZliaT warmoidginoT,<br />

ra xdeba ruseTSi? yvela opozi-<br />

ciuri partia damarcxda an gauqmda.<br />

memarjvene ZalTa kavSiri daiSala.<br />

„iablokomac“ unda gadawyvitos, ra<br />

qnas, daiSalos Tu gaagrZelos arseboba.<br />

albaT ar daiSlebian, magram<br />

cxadia, rom axlo perspeqtivaSi politikuri<br />

warmatebis realuri Sansebi<br />

maT ar aqvT. amas ramdenime mizezi<br />

aqvs: ruseTSi saSinlad drakonuli<br />

saarCevno kanonebia, partiebs akrZaluli<br />

aqvT dafinanseba miiRon ucxoeTidan.<br />

ruseTSi ki mTeli biznesi<br />

xelisuflebasTanaa asocirebuli da<br />

xelisuflebazea damokidebuli. Tuki<br />

romelime biznesmeni gabedavs da opoziciur<br />

politikur partias daafinansebs,<br />

Zalian seriozuli problemebi<br />

Seeqmneba. axla ar davasaxeleb, magram<br />

ruseTSi arseboben biznesmenebi, romlebsac<br />

namdvilad undaT winasaarCevnod<br />

daafinanson partiebi, magram ver<br />

bedaven. amas garda, problemebia TviT<br />

partiebSic _ maT cudad aqvT formulirebuli<br />

sakuTari identoba, sanam<br />

parlamentSi iyvnen, Zalian bevri Secdoma<br />

dauSves da popularoba dakarges.<br />

vici, rogorc muSaoben evropeli<br />

politikosebi, sakmaod axlos vicnob<br />

ramdenime germanuli partiis muSaobis<br />

princips. germaniaSi axlaxan damTavrda<br />

arCevnebi da isini ukve momavali<br />

interviu jeimz qarTerTan<br />

106 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

arCevnebisTvis emzadebian, swavloben<br />

mosaxleobis ganwyobebs, mudmivad mu-<br />

Saoben sakuTar Tavze. Tanac, rusuli<br />

kanonmdebloba opoziciur partiebs<br />

ar aZlevs normaluri funqcionirebis<br />

saSualebas. partias, romelsac aqvs 3<br />

procenti, unda hyavdes warmomadgenloba<br />

parlamentSi, imitom rom ruse-<br />

Tis mosaxleobis 3 procenti sami milioni<br />

adamiania. ruseTSi politikuri<br />

brZolisTvis sivrce namdvilad ar<br />

arsebobs da aseT dros opoziciuri<br />

politikuri partiebis rols garkveulwilad<br />

sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi<br />

iReben sakuTar Tavze, maT Soris<br />

_ „memorialic“. Cven es arc gvinda,<br />

arc gvainteresebs politika da arc<br />

viciT. xSirad gvekiTxebian, _ ratom<br />

ar ayalibebT partiaso. arada, Cven<br />

maSinve daviRupebiT, imitom rom es<br />

Cveni saqme namdvilad ar aris. Tumca,<br />

mosaxleobis raRac nawili swored am<br />

mxares, politikis mxares aRgviqvams.<br />

dRevandeli xelisufleba, ra Tqma<br />

unda, xvdeba, rom Cven sustebi varT,<br />

da namdvilad ar varT Zlierebi. magram<br />

imis gamo, rom mimdinare ambebze<br />

sul vrefleqsirebT, sul vfiqrobT<br />

da vmoqmedebT, bevr politikur partiaze<br />

ufro Zlierebi vCanvarT. es ki<br />

cota sasaciloa.<br />

ve, rogorc xarisxianad xarjav dros<br />

ojaxis wevrebTan. anu, erTs Caberav<br />

Tu ara, is geubneba, _ Seni dabali<br />

tonebi formaSi veraa, amitomac midi,<br />

ufro meti waivarjiSe. me Tu es ar gavakeTe,<br />

adamianebs im musikas ver movasmenineb,<br />

rac Cemgan modis. saqsofoni<br />

aucileblad `gamcems~, moumzadebeli<br />

rom var....<br />

`santa klausi tenor saqsofonze da<br />

bas klarnetze!~ _ ase wargadginaT 1988<br />

wels, Tqven pirvel koncertze lesTer<br />

bouim. im dRes Tqven TaviT fexebamde<br />

wiTlebSi iyaviT gamowyobili. ra roli<br />

iTamaSa lesTer bouim imaSi, rom Tqven<br />

ufro Rrmad aRgeqvaT musika?<br />

amaze ubralo pasuxi maqvs _ swored<br />

man Camiyvana pirvelad niu iorkSi. ra<br />

Tqma unda, adrec viyavi namyofi iq,<br />

biZaCemTan, magram bouis meSveobiT<br />

pirvelad davukari niu iorkSi. is istoria,<br />

Tqven rom ixsenebT, 31 maiss<br />

moxda detroitis xelovnebis muzeumSi.<br />

me bolo mementSi damamates im<br />

koncerts. lesTers moewona Cemi bgera,<br />

me ki wamdauwum vumeorebdi, _ ra<br />

magari xar meTqi! man miTxra, rom axali<br />

bendis Seqmnaze fiqrobda da Cemi<br />

koordinatebi Caiwera. momdevno wlis<br />

noemberSi ki damireka da niu iorkSi<br />

Casvla mTxova. mSoblebis darwmuneba<br />

momiwia, rom gaveSviT; im dros mxolod<br />

19 wlis viyavi. gamiSves. les-<br />

Teri im dros bruqlinSi, uoSingTon<br />

aveniuze cxovrobda da erTi kviriT<br />

niu-iorkSi Casulma detroitelma<br />

biWma pirvelad vigeme bruqlinuri<br />

cxovrebis gemo. biZaCemi im dros<br />

manheTenze cxovrobda. misi naxvac<br />

movaxerxe. swored man mayidina Cemi<br />

pirveli namdvili instrumenti, Salmer<br />

Mark IV. misi megobrisgan viyideT.<br />

biZaCemi Zalian kmayofli iyo imiT,<br />

rom musikas seriozulad vudgebodi<br />

da amitomac kidev erTxel damabruna<br />

niu iorkSi. siamovnebda Cemi smena.<br />

mokled, lesTers rom davubrundeT,<br />

me mis axal bendSi daviwye dakvra. saocrad<br />

mravalmxrivi musikosi da adamiani<br />

iyo, ara? mis bendebSi sruliad<br />

gansxvavebuli musikosebi ukravdnen.<br />

Cven bendSi basze sisil maqbi ukravda,<br />

dramze _ aw gardacvlili filip uilsoni,<br />

fortepianoze _ donald smiTi,<br />

me da lesTeri ki Casaberebze. es bendi<br />

SemdgomSi New York Organ Ensemble-is<br />

saxelwodebiT cnobili bendis bir-<br />

Tvi iyo. iq ukve amina klod maiersi<br />

ukravda orRanze, jan-pol boreli _<br />

gitaraze, don moie _ dramze da, rac<br />

mTavaria, sTiv ture, frenq leisi da<br />

julian frisTeri _ Casaberebze. sxva-<br />

Ta Soris, 1989 wels filip uilson-<br />

Tan erTad senT-luisSi hiti gvaqvs<br />

Cawerili. swored im dros gavicani<br />

julius hemfili da maSin iyo koncertebze<br />

viRac maRali, xmel-xmeli<br />

kaci rom SevniSne. saqsofonisti rom<br />

iyo, mxarze gadakidebuli CasadebiT<br />

mivxvdi. ubralod modioda da gvismenda.<br />

xma ar amouRia arc erTxel.<br />

lesTers vkiTxe, _ vinaa es kaci meTqi.<br />

man ki momigo, _ frenq louao! kinaRam<br />

gadavirie! frenq lou! mivvardi da<br />

lamis siyvarulis axsna davuwye. ase<br />

daiwyo Cveni TanamSromloba. mokled,<br />

yvelaferi es Cem cxovrebaSi lesTeris<br />

meSveobiT moxda da swored mas-<br />

Tan erTad iaponur DIW-ze Cawerilma<br />

albomebma mimiyvana Cem sadebiuto<br />

albomamde JC on the Set. iciT, kidev ra<br />

viswavle lesTerisgan? moqniloba. man<br />

wamaxalisa sxvadasxva instrumentze<br />

rom damekra da sxvadasxva, gansxvavebuli<br />

saxis bendebTan memuSava. am<br />

tipis moqniloba saSualebas gaZlevs,<br />

gansxvavebul musikalur situaciebs<br />

moergo. magaliTad, aris SemTxvevebi,<br />

rodesac minda, rom ufro ekonomiuri<br />

viyo da amitomac Cem Organ TriosTan<br />

mivdivar turneSi; an, rodesac<br />

saWirod miviCnev, maSin dRevandeli<br />

bendis formatiT vmogzaurob, romelic<br />

Present Tense-ze momuSave bendis<br />

momcro formatia, septetidan kvintetze.<br />

an kidev, e.w. `boSur bendTan~<br />

vmogzaurob xolme; sxvaTa Soris, am<br />

bendTan jango reinhardtis 100 wlis-<br />

Tavze davukravT. aseTi moqniloba<br />

gonebagaxsnils gtovebs. World Saxophone<br />

Quartet-is wevrebs (World Saxophone<br />

Quartet-is originaluri wevrebi<br />

dawyebuli 1977 wlidan iyvnen devid<br />

mari, oliver leiqi, hemieT blueTi da<br />

julius hemfili. hemfilis bendidan<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

wasvlis Semdeg iq bevri sxva saqsofonisti<br />

ukravda. dRes bendis meoTxe wevri<br />

Toni qofia k.T) sakuTari damoukidebeli<br />

proeqtebidan axali energia<br />

da vibraciebi moaqvT bendSi.<br />

sul erTi wuTiT naklebad Tavmdabali<br />

Tu gaxdebiT, rogor fiqrobT, ra axali<br />

arCevanis Semateba moaxerxeT idiomisTvis?<br />

ver vityodi, rom es aucileblad<br />

axalia, magram mgonia, rom mTavari<br />

mainc Tavisuflad darCenis SesaZleblobaa.<br />

Tqven bevri didi musikosisgan gsmeniaT<br />

komplimenti dawyebuli lesTer<br />

bouiT da dasrulebuli sisil TeiloriT.<br />

Tavad Tu gaimetebdiT keTil sityvebs<br />

im damwyebi musikosebis mimarT,<br />

visac SeiZleba Cven jer ar vicnobdeT?<br />

pirveli, vinc TavSi momdis jei-di<br />

alenia, detroiteli saqsofonisti,<br />

romelic axla niu iorkSi cxovrobs.<br />

kidev erTi detroiteli musikosi maxsendeba,<br />

rafaeli hqvia, gvari ar maxsovs.<br />

albaT mxolod am orze SevCerdebi...<br />

da bolos, es Tqveni pirveli koncerti<br />

iqneba TbilisSi. ras eliT dRevandeli<br />

saRamosgan?<br />

musikis karg saRamos. dRevandeli<br />

koncerti ori nawilisgan Sedgeba _<br />

Cemi da markus mileris bendi. igive iyo<br />

w<strong>levan</strong>del `fleibois~ jaz kruizze.<br />

marTla mouTmenlad veli dRevandel<br />

saRamos. da iciT kidev raze vocnebob?<br />

_ markusi da me, Cven orive bas klarnetze<br />

vukravT da, ukve ramdenime Tvea,<br />

vsaubrobT SesaZleblobaze, rom erTad<br />

CavweroT albomi _ me, markusma da beni<br />

mofinma; samive bas klarnetze davukravT.<br />

vnaxoT... ho, saintereso musikaluri<br />

saRamo iqneba dRes. Cven didebuli<br />

adamianebi dagvxvdnen aeroportSi;<br />

sxvaTa Soris, ukve karga xania, aeroportebSi<br />

amdeni Jurnalisti erTad<br />

ar minaxavs, mikrofonebs rom giSveren<br />

da SekiTxvebs gisvamen... manqanaSi, sastumrosken<br />

rom mivdiodiT, saintereso<br />

interviu mqonda. mokled, jerjerobiT<br />

yvelaferi kargad midis!<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 107

gagrZeleba<br />

qarTuli kinoindustriis problemebi<br />

nia. CamoTvlili kinoTeatrebidan regularulad<br />

mxolod 10 funqcionirebs. 1992<br />

wels Tbilisis kinoTeatrebi qalaqis municipalitets<br />

miekuTvna, xolo 1994 wels<br />

qveyanaSi arsebuli yvela kinoTeatri<br />

mflobelobaSi gadaeca saaqcio sazogadoeba<br />

„qarTul films“. amis Semdeg saaqcio<br />

sazogadoebis mier zogi kinoTeatri<br />

gaiyida (maT Soris 1909 wels aSenebuli<br />

Tbilisis „apolo“!!!), zogi aRar arsebobs,<br />

zogic gaqiravda, nawilSi dRes restornebi<br />

da sabanketo darbazebia gaxsnili, sxvagan<br />

kidev ra...<br />

kinocentris kinoeqsportis mimarTulebis<br />

TanamSromeli da damoukidebeli<br />

kinoprodiuseri ana ZiapSipa: „kinoTeatrebi<br />

salaroebis Semosavlebs sajarod<br />

ar xsnian. Sesabamisad Zalian rTuli, Ti-<br />

Tqmis SeuZlebelia daiTvalo Tu ra mogebas<br />

iRebs gaqiravebaSi myofi filmi. amis<br />

gamo, ucxoeli patrniorebis ndobac, romlebsac<br />

Tana-prodiuserobis saxiT filmSi<br />

fulis Cadeba surT, iklebs. imitom, rom<br />

mayureblis daswrebis monacemebi misTvisac<br />

xelmiuwvdomeli iyo, reJisori soso<br />

jaWvliani Tavisi filmis seansze („svani“)<br />

kinoTeatrSi Sesul TiToeul mayurebels<br />

iTvlida. is yoveldRe dadioda an agzavnida<br />

warmomadgenels mayureblis raodenobis<br />

Sesamowmeblad“. kinoTeatrebs<br />

ar aqvT ufleba, ar gascen msgavsi tipis<br />

informacia.<br />

filmis gayidvis kidev erTi saSualeba<br />

televiziaa. sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli<br />

erTi srulmetraJiani filmis Cvenebis-<br />

Tvis avtorebs 300 lars uxdis. es Tanxa<br />

cotaTi metia srulmetraJiani filmis-<br />

Tvis saWiro kasetisTvis, romelzec televiziaSi<br />

mitanamde avtorma filmi unda<br />

Caweros.<br />

arc sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblisTvis da<br />

arc kerZo telekompaniebisTvis filmwarmoebis<br />

procesSi CarTva ar aris aqtualuri<br />

sakiTxi. bolo wlebSi televiziebis<br />

sakuTari produqcia teleserialebiT da<br />

im dokumenturi filmebis warmoebiT Semoifargleboda,<br />

romelTa avtorebi amave<br />

arxebis Jurnalistebi arian. am mxriv gamonakliss<br />

warmoadgens telekompania `imedis~<br />

CarTva gia aglaZis proeqtSi „gogona<br />

slaididan“ (2009), `rusTavi 2~-is „rac<br />

yvelaze Zalian giyvars“ (pirveli filmi<br />

2008, meore filmi 2009). `rusTavi 2~ da<br />

telekompania „imedi“ aseve dainteresebulebi<br />

arian daviT imedaSvilis proeqtiT<br />

„ocnebis qalaqi“, romelic warmoebis<br />

procesSi imyofeba. orive kompania films<br />

teqnikuri saSualebebiT exmareba da<br />

satelevizio eTeriT filmis gavrcelebasac<br />

uzrunvelyofs. filmebs, romlebsac<br />

uWirT farTo mayureblis mopoveba, saqme<br />

kidev ufro rTulad aqvT. ana ZiapSipas<br />

TqmiT, Tuki raime saxis interesi arakomerciuli<br />

filmebis mimarT adre yofila,<br />

es iyo piradi nacnobobis da kerZo iniciativis<br />

Sedegi. Sesabamisad, aq ar gvaqvs regulirebuli<br />

meqanizmi. saqarTveloSi ar<br />

arsebobs winaswari gayidvebis cnebac, romelic<br />

evropaSi ase damkvidrebulia. telekompania<br />

filmwarmoebaSi dafinansebiT<br />

Sedis da Semdeg produqts sakuTar sae-<br />

Tero badeSi svams. ana ZiapSipa: „evropaSi<br />

TiTqmis arc erTi dokumenturi filmi ar<br />

sruldeba da ar realizdeba televiziebis<br />

Carevis gareSe. qarTuli telekompaniebi<br />

unda mixvdnen, rom mxolod reJisorebs<br />

da filmis avtorebs ar sWirdebaT<br />

maTi am procesSi CarTva: rom es ormxrivi<br />

interesis sferoa. kargi dokumenturi<br />

produqcia televiziisTvisac Zalian momgebiani<br />

iqneba. unda moxdes am ideis swori<br />

formiT lobireba“. lobireba ki sakmaod<br />

kompleqsuri movlenaa: Tbilisis meaTe saerTaSoriso<br />

kinofestivalze ana ZiapSipam<br />

mis mier organizebul dokumenturi filmebis<br />

wardgenis forumze pirveli arxis<br />

direqtori gia Wanturia dapatiJa. stumari<br />

forums ar ewvia, magram anas mainc<br />

sjera, rom Tuki televiziebi msgavs mipatiJebebze<br />

uars ar ityvian, sakiTxiT aucileblad<br />

dainteresdebian da mixvdebian,<br />

rom saqme interesTa gacvlas exeba da ara<br />

fulis maTxovrobas avtorebis mier.<br />

kinowarmoeba ar arsebobs kinodistribuciis<br />

gareSe. saqarTveloSi prodiuser-<br />

Ta umetesoba fuls im biznesSi debs, romelic<br />

dRes wamgebiania. Tumca, finansebs<br />

rom Tavi davaneboT, „realurad kinos<br />

imitom vakeTebT, rom mayureblamde mivides.<br />

distribucia kinoTeatrebSi, igive<br />

dividize filmis dabeWdva an satelevizio<br />

eTerSi Cveneba swored im adamianebamde<br />

filmis mitanaa, visTvisac avtorebi,<br />

wesiT, kinos unda iRebdnen. problemas<br />

warmoadgens calkeuli prodiuserebisa<br />

da saprodiusero kompaniebis Zalebis Se-<br />

Tanxmebulad gamoyenebis da konsolidaciis<br />

ararseboba. isini unda mixvdnen, rom<br />

erTnairi problemebi eqmnebaT. arasdros<br />

minaxavs maTi erTiani iniciativa da saqmis<br />

gamosworebis mcdeloba. vfiqrob, rom Zalian<br />

mniSvnelovania Zalis konsolidacia<br />

da ideebis lobireba“, _ ana ZiapSipa.<br />

municipaluri kinoTeatri<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

Cven qveyanaSi ar arsebobs sivrce, sa-<br />

dac adamianma SeiZleba kino Seiyvaros, sadac<br />

mayurebels, amerikuli blokbasterebis<br />

garda, sxva filmebis naxvis saSualeba<br />

eqneba. aseTi mdgomareoba gansakuTrebiT<br />

mtkivneulia studentebisa da momavali<br />

profesionalebisTvis. erTaderTi<br />

saSualeba, gaecno Tanamedrove kinoSi<br />

mimdinare procesebs da naxo kinoklasika,<br />

internetia. am mxriv, qarTveli kinos<br />

moyvarulebi namdvili memarcxeneebi<br />

arian. rodesac filmebis naxvis sxva gza<br />

ar gaqvs, filmebis Camowera da sxvisTvis<br />

gaziareba, modur enaze rom vTqvaT, moparvis<br />

codvaSi gayenebs. kinomoyvaruli<br />

da kinoqurdi, gnebavT, kinoyaCaRi dRes<br />

saqarTveloSi sinonimebia. es faqti calsaxad<br />

metyvelebs imaze, Tu ramdenad saWiroa<br />

alternatiuli kinosivrcis arseboba,<br />

iseTisa, rogoric magaliTad, municipaluri<br />

kinoTeatria.<br />

municipaluri kino arakomerciuli,<br />

kulturuli instituciaa. municipalur<br />

(igive komunalur) kinoTeatrebs Ziri-<br />

Tadad qalaqis municipalitetebi afinanseben.<br />

evropaSi, umetes SemTxvevaSi,<br />

municipalur kinoebs aqvT sakuTari, damoukidebeli<br />

kinoTeatrebi. gamomdinare<br />

iqidan, rom municipaluri kinos politika<br />

Zireulad gansxvavdeba komerciulisgan,<br />

is ar warmoadgens mis konkurents. evropaSi<br />

municipaluri kinoebis politikaa<br />

„sxvanairi filmebi vaCvenoT sxvanairad“.<br />

„sxvanair filmebSi“ igulisxmeba: filmebi<br />

ara mxolod dasavluri qveynebidan,<br />

dokumenturi, eqsperimentuli da damoukidebeli<br />

kinoproduqcia, uxmo da moklemetraJiani<br />

filmebi, romelTac distribuciis<br />

problemebi aqvT da komerciul<br />

kinoTeatrebSi ar aCveneben. „sxvanairad<br />

Cveneba“ ki niSnavs filmebis originalurad<br />

Cvenebas: originalis enaze, Sesabamis<br />

formatSi da uxmo filmebis SemTxveva-<br />

Si _ Sesabamisi siCqariT da musikaluri<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 109

gagrZeleba<br />

TanxlebiT. ara ise, rogorc komerciul<br />

kinoTeatrebsa da satelevizio eTerSi<br />

aCveneben: sinqronizirebuli TargmaniTa<br />

da Seusabamo formatiT...<br />

saqarTveloSi municipaluri kinoTeatris<br />

funqcionirebis gamocdileba ar<br />

arsebobs. Tumca, misi saWiroeba aSkaraa,<br />

gansakuTrebiT dRes, rodesac qveyanaSi<br />

sabWoTa warsulidan SemorCenili kino-<br />

Teatrebis umetesi nawili ar funqcionirebs,<br />

xolo is, rac moqmedia, komerciul<br />

kinoze aris orientirebuli. mniSvnelovania<br />

is faqtoric, rom komunaluri kinoebi<br />

kargad dagegmili programirebis Sedegad<br />

filmebs garkveul konteqstSi warmoadgenen:<br />

Tematuri an personaluri retrospeqtivebi,<br />

kinos istoriis periodebis amsaxveli<br />

retrospeqtivebi da a.S. filmebis<br />

programireba erTgvar saganmanaTleblo<br />

xasiaTsac atarebs. evropul sistemaSi<br />

filmebis Cvenebebs Tan axlavs moxsenebebi,<br />

diskusiebi an saleqcio kursebi.<br />

evropaSi municipaluri kino kinofestivalebis<br />

organizebis iniciatoradac<br />

gvevlineba an zogjer Tavadvea kinofestivalebis<br />

organizatori. municipaluri<br />

kinoTeatrebisa da maTi qselis SeqmniT<br />

saqarTveloSi gadawydeba lokaluri da<br />

saerTaSoriso festivalebis yovelwliurad<br />

gamarTvis problemac. cnobilia, Tu<br />

rogor uWirT saqarTveloSi kinofestivalebs<br />

arseboba arakomerciuli darbazebis<br />

ararsebobis gamo. sivrcis saTanado mowyobiT<br />

komunalur kinos SeuZlia maspin-<br />

Zloba gauwios ara mxolod kinoCvenebebsa<br />

da festivalebs, aramed videoartebisa<br />

da musikalur festivalebs, aseve fotoeqspoziciebs.<br />

komunaluri kinodarbazi<br />

SeiZleba iqces auditoriad ara mxolod<br />

kinematografistebis, aramed xelovnebis<br />

sxva dargebis warmomadgenlebisTvis da,<br />

rac mTavaria, mayureblebisTvis.<br />

kinoarqivi<br />

filmis sicocxlisunarianoba misi fi-<br />

zikuri mdgomareobis ganuyofeli nawilia.<br />

filmi, pirvel rigSi, Zalian saTuTi<br />

fizikuri obieqtia, romelic movlas sa-<br />

Wiroebs. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, is swraf<br />

degradacias eqvemdebareba. qveyanas mxolod<br />

maSin aqvs moraluri ufleba, mdidar<br />

kinematografiul kulturaze ilaparakos,<br />

Tuki sakuTari kinomemkvidreobis<br />

110 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

dacvis garantia aqvs da am garantiis<br />

uzrunvelyofas maqsimalurad cdilobs.<br />

Tu ra kriteriumebiT ganisazRvreba<br />

kulturuli memkvidreoba, xangrZlivi<br />

saubris sagania, Tumca cxadia, rom kulturuli<br />

memkvidreobis obieqtad filmis<br />

da xelovnebis nebismieri sxva nawarmoebis<br />

gadaqceva droiT faqtors ar ukavSirdeba.<br />

Sesabamisad, movlasa da patronobas<br />

iseve saWiroebs filmi, romelic saukunis<br />

dasawyisSi gadaiRes, rogorc filmi,<br />

romelic ekranebze gasul TveSi gamovida.<br />

maTi konservaciis pirobebi ki erTmane-<br />

Tisgan mxolod teqnologiuri TvalsazrisiT<br />

gansxvavdeba.<br />

ferad firs aqvs unari, ori Tvis man-<br />

Zilze ise degradirdes, rom sruliad<br />

gamousadegar mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndes.<br />

gamousworeblad savalalo ki is aris,<br />

rom saqarTveloSi saxelmwifos dRemde<br />

ar aqvs an arasworad aqvs gaazrebuli, Tu<br />

ramdenad saTuTia kinofiris buneba da<br />

rom qveynis arqivebSi arsebuli Tu reJisorebis<br />

sawolqveS moTavsebuli absoluturad<br />

yvela filmi yoveldRe 24 saaTis<br />

ganmavlobaSi gafuWebis procesSia.<br />

erovnuli kinematografis ganviTareba<br />

gulisxmobs misi arsebobis SenarCunebas<br />

yvela etapze. aqvs Tu ara filmis Seqmnas<br />

azri maSin, rodesac is imTaviTve gasanadgureblad<br />

aris ganwiruli?<br />

saqarTvelos kulturis, sportisa da<br />

ZeglTa dacvis saministroSi saqarTvelos<br />

kinematografis erovnuli centris<br />

mier „qarTuli kinematografis ganviTarebis<br />

strategiis“ prezentaciis garda,<br />

samomavlo saqmianobis proeqtiT aseve<br />

„qarTuli filmi“ wardga. proeqti kinoarqivis<br />

daarsebasa da filmebis Senaxvis<br />

meTodebs mimoixilavda. „qarTuli filmi“<br />

gegmavs Seqmnas digitaluri sacavi,<br />

rac studiis kinokoleqciis cifrul<br />

formatSi gadatanas gulisxmobs. bevri<br />

adamianisTvis, romelic konservaciis<br />

sakiTxebSi ar erkveva, proeqti SeiZleba<br />

Zalian momxibvleli aRmoCndes. realurad<br />

ki digitaluri sacavis Seqmna pirvel<br />

rigSi saTanado teqnikuri bazis mowyobas<br />

ukavSirdeba, rac did finansebs moiTxovs.<br />

Tumca, evropasa da amerikaSi ar arsebobs<br />

saxelmwifo arqivi, romelic filmebs acifruli<br />

saxiT inaxavdes. digitaluri sacavis<br />

arastabilurobis gamo, is filmebis<br />

konservaciis saSualebas ar warmoadgens.<br />

aramdgradoba Senaxuli masalis mudmiv<br />

migracias moiTxovs. filmebis Senaxvis<br />

yvelaze saimedo gzaa kinofirebis movla<br />

da gafrTxileba. kargad Senaxulma masalam<br />

SeiZleba 500 wels gauZlos.<br />

qarTul kinos uWirs, miuxedavad imisa,<br />

rom ramdenime welia, viTarebas uke-<br />

Tesi piri uCans: weliwadSi minimum or<br />

qarTul films iReben, gaCndnen prodiuserebi,<br />

romelTac imaze meti ician, vidre<br />

90-ian wlebSi gadaRebuli filmebis<br />

titrebSi moxseniebulma axalma profesiulma<br />

erTeulma „prodiuseri“. cotaa<br />

ucxour kinofondebTan TanamSromlobis<br />

da kinoproeqtis ganviTarebis evropuli<br />

standartebis dacvis magaliTebi. distribuciis<br />

sistemis gaumarTaobis gamo, qar-<br />

Tveli prodiuserebi xSirad filantropebis<br />

STabeWdilebas toveben. Tuki isini<br />

kinos biznesad aRiqvamen da mogebis naxvis<br />

survilic aqvT, maSin gaugebaria, ra logikiT<br />

awarmoeben filmebs, roca ician,<br />

rom filmebis distribuciis seqtori Cven<br />

qveyanaSi mouwesrigebelia. aseve gaurkvevelia,<br />

ratom ar SeiZleba moxdes Zalebis<br />

konsolidacia am problemis gadasaWrelad.<br />

reJisorebi ukmayofiloni arian<br />

sagadasaxado sistemiT; TavianT Zvel<br />

filmebs saxlSi karadebSi an sawolebis<br />

qveS inaxaven, imitom rom samarTlianad<br />

ar andoben arqivs an maTi fizikuri arseboba<br />

saerTodac ar axsovT, sanam romelime<br />

festivali retrospeqtivaze ar<br />

miipatiJebs. magram isev da isev, isini ar<br />

erTiandebian da ar erevian problemebis<br />

erToblivad mogvarebis procesSi. qar-<br />

Tveli kinematografistebi daqsaqsulad<br />

moqmedeben da cal-calke awydebian erTsa<br />

da imave sirTuleebs.<br />

dRes ar aris profesiuli mzadyofna<br />

imisaTvis, rom qarTuli kinoindustria<br />

fexze dadges. SiSveli siyvarulis<br />

nacvlad, qarTul kinos yvelaze metad<br />

filmis Seqmnis da gavrcelebis yvela<br />

etapis mcodne profesionalebi sWirdeba,<br />

romlebsac momavalSi ecodinebaT, ra<br />

meTodebiT unda ibrZolon mdgomareobis<br />

gamosasworeblad, ecodinebaT, rom gaxvretili<br />

navidan wylis peSviT amoRebis<br />

da naxvretze fexis dadgmis nacvlad, jobia,<br />

navi SekeTdes da mxolod amis Semdeg<br />

SeuerTdes did naosnobas.

sxvebis qveyana<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

jvarcma. teqnikuri<br />

personali da<br />

dekoracia<br />

sad aqcies, sadac dacvis uflebaayrili,<br />

gamudmebiT braldebulis galiaSi xar<br />

uadvokatod gamoketili. am procesidan<br />

erTaderTi gza, Zneli misaxvedri ar<br />

unda iyos, sadac midis.<br />

3.<br />

saqarTvelo totalur anarqiul dapirispirebaTa,<br />

konfliqtTa `mdidari~<br />

gamis qveynad Camoyalibda. ver vixseneb<br />

sxva iseT qveyanas, sadac erTdroulad<br />

amdeni gansxvavebuli konfliqti mimdinareobdes,<br />

miT umetes iseTi ukiduresad<br />

isteriuli formiT, romelic mxolod<br />

Cven gvaxasiaTebs: politikuri, socialuri,<br />

aRmsareblobiTi, inteleqtualuri,<br />

kulturuli, eTnikuri, separatistuli...<br />

agreTve sagareo-samxedro konfliqti<br />

ruseTTan. TviT yvelaze cxeli aRmosavleTis<br />

konfliqturi qveynebSic ki,<br />

Tu erayel Siitebsa da sunitebs ar CavTvliT,<br />

dapirispirebul mxareebs raRac<br />

mciredi mainc aerTianebT...<br />

21-e saukunis gonebisaTvis Cveulebrivi<br />

logikiT gasageb problemur qveyanaze<br />

metad, Cveni samSoblo raRac bibliuri<br />

babilonis Tanamedrove kavkasiur mizanscenas<br />

ufro waagavs, sadac RmerTma, sxvadasxva<br />

enaze moyayane babilonelebisagan<br />

gansxvavebiT, adamianebi kidev ufro martivi<br />

sisastikiT dasaja _ aq didebulnic<br />

da ubralonic, RvTis moSiSnic da misi<br />

saxelis mgmobelnic _ yvela erT enaze<br />

laparakobs, da mainc araferi esmiT<br />

erTmaneTis, maTi `qalaqi~ RmerTma jojoxeTis<br />

cxra garsis meaTe danamatad<br />

gadaaqcia, sadac mxolod melursmneebi<br />

grZnoben Tavs bednierad, isic imitom,<br />

rom droSi da ganwyobilebebSi wanwalis<br />

Seudarebeli unari aqvT, agreTve qameleonebi<br />

arian da, rogorc erTxel ukve<br />

aRvniSne, maT verc sikvdili amCnevs da<br />

verc sicocxle.<br />

Tumca, me-19 saukunidan moyolebuli<br />

fotografiis, mogvianebiT ki kinematografis<br />

wyalobiT, maTi dokumenturad dadasturebuli<br />

vizualuri kvali mdidarma<br />

arqivebma mainc Semogvinaxa. am arqivebis<br />

gamoyeneba sazogadoebis yvelaze mZimed<br />

daavadebuli nawilis, axali Taobis politikosebis<br />

mkurnalobisaTvis garkveuli<br />

meTodis SemuSavebis Semdeg, Cemi azriT,<br />

savsebiT realuria. audio-vizualuri Te-<br />

rapiis meTodi ki Zalian martivad, TiTqmis<br />

borjes-kubrikis „meqanikuri forToxlis~<br />

mixedviT SeiZleba Seiqmnas, mxolod<br />

cxadia, `aleqsis~ nacvlad iZulebiT kinoseansze<br />

gakoWilebi qarTveli Tanamedrove<br />

politikuri da inteleqtuali paranoebi<br />

unda davsvaT, da ZaliT vayurebinoT<br />

specialurad SerCeuli arqivebi, dokumenturi<br />

da mxatvruli filmebi, Zveli<br />

satelevizio gadacemebi.unda vayurebinoT<br />

sakuTar „vinteij~ video anareklebi,<br />

movasmeninoT sakuTari xma warsulidan,<br />

sakuTari primitiuli ideebi, xumrobebi,<br />

propaganda... vuCvenoT sabWoTa xelisuflebis<br />

udidesi warmatebebi 1917 wlis<br />

revoluciis 20 wlis Tavze: iseve rogorc<br />

dRes, ssrk-s dangrevidan oci wlis Tavze,<br />

maSinac daaxloebiT igive warmatebebiT<br />

iwonebda qveyana Tavs: qveynis eleqtrofikaciiT,<br />

pirveli sabWoTa traqtorebiT,<br />

bavSvTa saxlebiT, axali sanatoriumebiT,<br />

parkebiT, karuselebiT, Caisa da Tambaqos<br />

plantaciebiT...<br />

es yvelaferi marTlac ar arsebobda<br />

revoluciamde. Tumca avadmyofebs gamudmebiT<br />

unda SevaxsenoT, rom es 1937<br />

welia, didi represiebis weli... rodesac<br />

adamianis uflebebze fiqric ki sikvdiliT<br />

isjeboda.msoflioc, sayovelTao<br />

teqnologiuri progresis fonze, yvelaze<br />

barbarosuli omisaTvis emzadeboda.<br />

1923 wels benito musolinim msoflio-<br />

Si pirveli Cqarosnuli avtobanis mSenebloba<br />

daiwyo italiaSi. mas adolf hitlermac<br />

mibaZa 1938-Si…<br />

yvelani erTnairad saubrobdnen saku-<br />

Tar warmatebebze. germaneli da italieli<br />

faSistebic da sabWoTa komunistebic,<br />

Cveni gulubryvilo axalgazrda<br />

politikosebisaTvis Zalian sasargeblo<br />

iqneboda, moesminaT am adamianebis mier<br />

warmoTqmuli daaxloebiT igive frazebi<br />

sakuTar warmatebebze, romlebiTac<br />

dRes TviTon 21-e saukunis progresistebi<br />

qarTvel mosaxleobas esaubrebian:<br />

avtobanebze, bednier bavSvobaze, mSenebare<br />

obieqtebze, gare da Sida mtrebze.<br />

omis ganuwyvetel realur saSiSroebaze,<br />

samxedro-patriotul aRzrdaze…<br />

teqnologiuri da garkveuli saxis socialuri<br />

progresi tiraniis damaxasiaTebeli<br />

Semadgeneli detalebi, Tu gnebavT<br />

lursmnebia. maSin msoflio marTlac<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

yvelaze sazareli omisaken mieqaneboda<br />

duCesa da hitleris aSenebuli Cqarosnuli<br />

avtobanebiT, da mogexsenebaT, Zalian<br />

swrafadac miaRwia kidec.<br />

tiranebs gulwrfelad uyvarT Tavian-<br />

Ti samSoblo. isini energias, saxsrebs, da<br />

gansakuTrebiT adamianebis sicocxles<br />

ar iSureben misi `keTildReobisaTvis~,<br />

msxverplSewirvis idea maT epoqis, politikuri<br />

Sexedulebebis miuxedavad, aucileblad<br />

aerTianebT.<br />

isini Tvlian, rom mosaxleoba iyofa<br />

or nawilad: mSromel da muyaiT adamianebad,<br />

da zarmac parazitebad. zarmacebi<br />

unda gaisrison!<br />

zarmacebisa da parazitebis kategorias<br />

ki Tavad adgenen: bolSevikebisaTvis<br />

es burJuebi da kulakebi iyvnen, nacistebisaTvis<br />

ebraelebi, xeibrebi, boSebi,<br />

homoebi... es yvela kategoria Tavisi arsiT<br />

gaWrili vaSliviT waagavs erTmaneTs.<br />

radgan yovelTvis moiZebneba iseTi socialuri<br />

kategoria, romelic sazogadoebis<br />

muyaiT nawils tvirTad awveba zurgze.<br />

saqarTveloSi dRes arsebobs aseTi<br />

kategoriebi da es SemaZrwunebelia.<br />

rom SemeZlos, sabWoTa qronikebis iZulebiTi<br />

CvenebiTa da mosmeniT me maT vai-<br />

Zulebdi, sakuTari Tavis identifikacia<br />

moexdinaT maTive winaprebTan, vaiZulebdi<br />

Tavidan moeSorebinaT es gulubryvilo<br />

idea, sakuTari Tavis izolirebisa<br />

Cveni saerTo sastiki wiTeli istoriuli<br />

warsulidan, Sevecdebodi ganmekurna<br />

sxva drosa da sivrceSi gadasaxlebis infantiluri<br />

obsesiisagan, radgan sakuTar<br />

warsulSi sakuTari Tavis identificirebis<br />

unarsmoklebuli Taoba, verasodes<br />

ver SeZlebs axal epoqasTan identificirebas.<br />

is yovelTvis acdenili iqneba<br />

realobas: radgan warsuli iseTive<br />

droa, rogorc awmyo da momavali. misi<br />

gamocalkeveba da mtvrian Taroze Semodeba<br />

metafizikurad arRvevs samyaros,<br />

romelSic cxovrob, da mas SeuZlebels<br />

xdis.<br />

am Taobis samyaros erT-erTi mniSvnelovani<br />

nawili ki saqarTveloa, romelic<br />

maT arc metad ekuTvniT da arc naklebad,<br />

iseve, rogorc am miwaze dabadebul<br />

nebismier sxva adamians: nebismieri erovnebisa<br />

da religiis, nebismier seqsualuri<br />

orientaciis, Tu gnebavT, ukve karga<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 113

gagrZeleba<br />

xnis win mkvdars, gamqrals da aseve jer<br />

kidev ar dabadebul adamians... maT Soris,<br />

Capaevis sindromiT Sepyrobil 30iani<br />

wlebis kulturis komisrebsac, maT<br />

Tanamedrove sozebsac da cotaTi _ mec.<br />

sxva xelovani melursmneebic aqtiurad<br />

fusfusebdnen am dReebSi, gansakuTrebiT<br />

amaswindeli quTaisuri Big Bang-is, da<br />

TavianTi kolegis, berZeniSvilis Tavs<br />

siurprizad damtydari ubedurebis gamo.<br />

uceb aRmoaCines, rom `memoriali mainc<br />

uSno iyo da salaparakod arc Rirs, rom<br />

jobia daRupul deda-Svilze vitiroT~.<br />

saerTod, Zalian adamianurebi aRmoCndnen,<br />

mxolod TavianTi TanamoZme<br />

berZeniSvilisTvis misamZimreba arc ufiqriaT,<br />

etyoba emociuri Sokisagan daaviwydaT,<br />

rom Svilis sikvdili, viRacis<br />

vulgaruli azriT, „xeibarisa da Seuxedavisac~<br />

ki, tragediaa.<br />

es yvelaferi xandaxan gacocxlebul<br />

fantastikas emsgavseba da meCveneba. rom<br />

qarTveli melursmneebi male `ideologiur<br />

esTetiur policias~ Seqmnian, romelic<br />

gamoavlens `saeWvo ideologiis~<br />

kulturis Zeglebs, wignebs, naxatebs da<br />

adgilze gaanadgurebs maT.<br />

meCveneba, rom fantomi melursmneebi<br />

bejiTad axorcieleben cxadSi, rei bredberis<br />

`farengeiti 451°~-s, yovel SemTxvevaSi<br />

`saeWvo ideologia-esTetikis~<br />

Semcveli namuSevrebis gamovlenisaTvis<br />

didi enTuziazmiT moRvaweoben, rom mere<br />

gverdiT gadgnen da profesionalebs<br />

dauTmon asparezi: profesional piroman<br />

mexanZreebsa da amfeTqeblebs ki ra dalevs<br />

saqarTveloSi.<br />

warmomidgenia, ra siamovnebiT aafe-<br />

Tqebdnen pikasos gernikas, mis mtredebs<br />

makratliT frTebs daaWridnen, dawvavdnen<br />

bunuelis, eizenSteinis firebs, sartrs,<br />

maiakovskis, andre bretons, lui<br />

aragons, miwasTan gaasworebdnen korbuzies<br />

arqiteqturas _ isini xom yvelani<br />

komunistebi, anu `saeWvo ideologiis~<br />

matarebelni iyvnen.<br />

me piradad saqarTveloSi da Tbilis-<br />

Si aRmarTuli cxeniani mefeebi, saerTod<br />

qandakebebis da miT umetes biustebis<br />

umetesoba sulac ar momwons, vaxtang<br />

gorgaslis, daviT aRmaSeneblis Zeglebis,<br />

aseve vakis parkSi `stefen kingis~<br />

personaJebis kompleqsis CaTvliT. miT<br />

114 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

umetes, Tavad axali modern arqiteqturisa<br />

da monumenturi xelovnebis iseTi<br />

`saeWvo~ nimuSebi, rogoric aris magali-<br />

Tad oqros mamali meriis win, oqros sawmisiani<br />

medea baTumSi an oqros promeTe.<br />

alievis memorialzec ar vgiJdebi mainca<br />

da mainc, ase mgonia, demokratiuli moZme<br />

azerbaijanis did Svils, geidar alieviC<br />

alievs Savi oqros memoriali, `benzokalonka~<br />

ufro mouxdeboda.<br />

Cveni saxlebis, Cveni mSoblebis, sasaflaoebze<br />

Cveni bebiebis da babuebis qandakebebian<br />

da marmariloze kalkirebul<br />

fotoebian `araCveulebriv gamofenebze~<br />

aRarafers vambob... avafeTqoT, traqtorebi<br />

gadavataroT vakisa da saburTalos<br />

Tvaluwvdenel sasaflaoebs. da iq prestiJuli<br />

gamWvirvale sacxovrebeli ubani<br />

davaproeqtebinoT niderlandel arqiteqtorebs.<br />

beverli hilze ufro magari.<br />

kukia movaasfaltoT da kavkaz-disnei<br />

gavxsnaT, xolo muxianSi axali las vegasi<br />

avaSenoT da ofSorul zonad gamovacxadoT...<br />

safrangeTSi, meore frontis regionebSi,<br />

normandiis, kales yvela sofel-<br />

Si dgas memoriali, zogi iseTi saSinelebaa,<br />

masTan SedarebiT berZeniSvilis<br />

afeTqebuli namuSevari siqstis kapelad<br />

mogeCvenebaT, magram gabedeT da TiTi<br />

daakareT romelime maTgans, miT umetes<br />

administraciuli Senobis agebis preteqstiT.<br />

mere ra, Tu viRacisaTvis quTaisis memoriali<br />

`saeWvo esTetikisa~ iyo... mere<br />

ra... memoriali saflavis qvaa. saflavis<br />

qvebi ki yovelTvis uSnoa, da maT amis<br />

gamo ar afeTqeben. maxsovrobas ar afe-<br />

Tqeben. is TavisTavad bunebrivad umtkivneulod<br />

ixsneba, zavdeba droSi. (mémorial,<br />

memoir, maxsovroba).<br />

sul raRac ori Tvis win safrange-<br />

Tis sazogadoebrivi arxis `frans 2~-is<br />

dakveTiT frangma dokumentalistebma,<br />

izabel klarkma da daniel kostelma<br />

gadaiRes yvelaze grandiozuli dokumenturi<br />

filmi meore msoflio omis<br />

Sesaxeb, saTauriT `apokalifsi~. es aris<br />

eqvsi filmisagan Semdgari 52-wuTiani<br />

dokumenturi filmebis seria, romelic<br />

namdvil movlenad gadaiqca dasavlur<br />

arxebze. ramdenime dRis win erTma Cemma<br />

rusma megobarma damidastura, rom am<br />

filmis naxviT meore msoflio omis Sesaxeb<br />

mTeli misi warmodgena Seicvala,<br />

rom yvelaferi rac leningradSi skolaSi<br />

aswavles, Tavdayira dadga, rom am<br />

omSi yvelas Tanabrada aqvs monawileoba<br />

miRebuli. rom iyo keTili mxare da boroti,<br />

anu germania Tavisi mokavSireebiT.<br />

da rom saamayoa, rodesac keTili mxaris<br />

siaSi udavod xar, radgan es utyuari<br />

dasturia Seni erovnuli istoriuli moralisa.<br />

am keTil mxareSi sakuTari rolis unikalurobis<br />

gazviadebas dRemde yvela<br />

qveyana cdilobs, isinic ki, visac principSi<br />

satrabaxo bevri araferi aqvT.<br />

magaliTad safrangeTi eqvswliani kolaboraciis<br />

Semdeg saqarTveloze naklebi<br />

adamianuri danakargiT dRes rogorc<br />

gamarjvebuli qveyana gaero-s uSiSroebis<br />

sabWos wevria. gamarjvebulTa am<br />

absoluturad usamarTlo klubis meore<br />

wevri aseve gamarjvebuli ruseTia, romelsac<br />

Cveni teritoriebis 25 procenti<br />

aqvs okupirebuli, agreTve Cveni mfarveli<br />

amerika, britaneTi... isini ruseTs<br />

verafers eubnebian, rodesac is okupirebuli<br />

teritoriebidan damkvirveblebs<br />

panCuris kvriT agdebs. arc aris gasakviri,<br />

ra Tqma unda, yofili TanamebrZolebi<br />

arian, erTmaneTis solidarulni... maT<br />

xom omi moiges!...<br />

Cven ki, ratomRac, sakuTari surviliT<br />

gamovdivarT am `keTilTa~ klubidan da<br />

raRac gaugebar pasiur mdgomarebaSi<br />

viyenebT Tavs baltiis qveynebiviT, romlebsac<br />

Tavisi sruliad gansxvavebuli<br />

istoriuli pozicia da morali aqvT am<br />

omTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

me meamayeba, rom qarTvelebs, Cem uaxloes<br />

ojaxis wevrebs imdenive investicia<br />

aqvT Cadebuli evropis ganTavisuflebaSi,<br />

ramdenic britanelebs,<br />

amerikelebs, rusebs. Tumca ar vTvli,<br />

rom magaliTad frangebs, an britanelebs<br />

Cemi raime marTebT, piriqiT, maT iseve<br />

daicves saqarTvelo, rogorc qarTvelebma<br />

isini. qarTveli politikosebisa da<br />

inteleqtualTa didi nawilis mosmenis<br />

Sedegad xSirad iseTi STabeWdileba meqmneba,<br />

rom sabWoTa skolaSi an universitetSi<br />

swavlis Semdeg istoriis wigni<br />

aRar gadauSliaT. rom axal Taobas an<br />

saerTod ar aswavlian istorias, an sa

WoTa wignebiT aswavlian, radgan Cveni<br />

sakuTari istoriis umniSvnelovanesi<br />

furceli absoluturad gawiTlebuli<br />

davtoveT, da daviviwyeT.<br />

Cven ki ubralod ganze vdgebiT am saerTo<br />

istoriidan, da Cven damsaxurebas<br />

sxvebs vCuqniT. Tavad ki, stalinis eTnikuri<br />

warmomavlobis gamo, mxolod bodi-<br />

Sebs vuxdiT msoflios.<br />

gaero-s uSiSroebis sabWos imdenive<br />

sisxli marTebs qarTvelebisa, ramdenic<br />

rusebis. Cven ki TiTqos gvrcxvenia am<br />

omSi monawileobis.<br />

vin icis, berZeniSvilis monumentis<br />

adgilze, parlamentis nacvlad, iqneb<br />

rafika<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

_ vicodi, rame rom geqneboda Senaxuli,<br />

_ kidev erTxel ar vapatie<br />

safosto markis ambavi.<br />

_ berZnuli anbani rogor Seiqmna,<br />

patara da didi asoebi erTad Camoyalibda?<br />

_ Cemi avtoritetis aRiarebiT<br />

daiwyo rafikam.<br />

_ ara, ra Tqma unda. Seiqmna erTi<br />

berZnuli anbani da es iyo is, rasac<br />

axla mTavrul anu did asoebs veZaxiT.<br />

laTinuric ase iyo, kirilicac,<br />

qarTulic da somxuric. mxolod<br />

saukuneebis Semdeg swrafi werisas<br />

Camoyalibda patara asoebi, _ akademiurad<br />

da kompetenturad Camovayalibe<br />

fonetikuri anbanuri sistemis<br />

ganviTarebis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli<br />

WeSmariteba me.<br />

_ qarTulis SemTxvevaSi es nusxuria<br />

anu xucuri? _ cbierad ikiTxa<br />

rafikam.<br />

_ ki batono, _ vaRiare sakiTxSi<br />

misi Caxeduloba me.<br />

_ berZnebma, romaelebma, slavebma,<br />

somxebma es didi da patara, mTavruli<br />

da nusxuri asoebi ikmares da<br />

Tqven ratom ar gaCerdiT, axali mxedruli<br />

ratom SeqmeniT? _ rogorc<br />

iqna „damajaxa“ Tavisi mTavari Seki-<br />

Txva-argumenti rafikam.<br />

_ aseTi dauokebeli xalxi varT da<br />

imitom, _ arc ise damajereblad vupasuxe<br />

me.<br />

_ ara, <strong>levan</strong>jan. ara axperjan. mxedruli<br />

imitom SeqmeniT, rom mTavruli<br />

mesropis naCuqari iyo da nusxuri<br />

misgan ganviTarebuli, mxedruli<br />

ki sakuTriv Tqveni Semoqmedebaa, is<br />

ukve aravis da arafers ar hgavs, ra<br />

Tqma unda kuTxovani nusxuridan<br />

momdinareobs, magram TaRovan-rkalovania,<br />

mas sul sxva grafikuli filosofia<br />

udevs safuZvlad, mokled,<br />

somxurs aRar hgavs: Tqven Tqveni<br />

axali mxedruli anbaniT mokaliT<br />

mesrop maStoci TqvenSi, Tqven uari<br />

TqviT mis saCuqarze. is ambavi, rom<br />

Tqven axali anbani SeqmeniT, CemTvis<br />

sakmarisi argumentia mesropis mier<br />

qarTuli mTavruli anbanis Seqmnis<br />

hipoTezis dasamtkiceblad.<br />

_ SenTan didi bodiSi, axper rafikajan,<br />

magram Tqven Tu aseTi utyua-<br />

116 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

ri argumentebiT amtkicebT xolme<br />

samecniero Tezebs, mose xorenacisa<br />

da koriuns Rirseuli cvla gaCeniaT,<br />

verafers ver ityvi, _ davuwune<br />

finaluri argumenti me.<br />

_ me Cveni istorikosebis mjera, _<br />

uyoymanod ganacxada rafikam.<br />

_ me Cveni istorikosebis mjera, _<br />

ar movicvale fexi mec.<br />

_ sad gyavT istorikosebi, Tqven<br />

xom poetebis qveyana xarT? _ bebia-<br />

Cemis, ivlita beraias terminiT rom<br />

vTqva, „ironia gamikeTa“ rafikam.<br />

_ poeti kacisgan poetebis ironiulad<br />

moxsenieba gamkvirvebia. qarTveli<br />

poetebi Tu ar mogwonT, rusTavels<br />

ras gadaekideT? xelebi Sors<br />

rusTavelisgan! _ visrole, rogorc<br />

iqna, dRis lozungi.<br />

_ me rusTavelis somxobaze arasodes<br />

milaparakia, egec qarTvelebis<br />

mofiqrebuli provokaciaa da somxebis<br />

mier sulelurad atacebuli.<br />

yovel SemTxvevaSi, am saqmeSi, sul<br />

cota, dediT qarTveli niko maris<br />

xeli urevia. ise rusTavelisgan<br />

Tqvenc karga Sors xarT, rogorc<br />

samarTlianad gamxilaT astafievma.<br />

_ apapapa, astafievi da rusebi ar<br />

gvinda, _ Seicxada miSa poliakovma,<br />

_ viqtor astafievs rac rusebze da<br />

somxebze aqvs naTqvami, ar gamaxsenebinoT,<br />

kargi araferi iqneba.<br />

_ ὣς οἵ γ’ ἀμ ί ον ά ον Ἕκ ορος ἱ ο<br />

άμοιο , Так погребали они конеборного<br />

Гектора тело, `ase dakrZales cxenebis<br />

momTvinierebeli heqtoris gvami~, _<br />

ganacxada vadim iankovma da „iliadas“<br />

dasasruliT xazi gausva kavkasiuri<br />

debatebis pirveli raundis<br />

finals. me ki gamaxsenda roman miminoSviliseuli<br />

Targmani, „ase dakrZales<br />

im dRes heqtor, gmiri mxedari“,<br />

arada, ramdenime disertacia mainc<br />

arsebobs, romlebSic xazgasmulia,<br />

ra didi mniSvneloba aqvs „iliadas“<br />

ukanasknel striqonSi heqtoris moxseniebas<br />

(am poemis pirveli striqoni<br />

aqilevsiT da misi risxviT iwyeba),<br />

Tanac swored „cxenebis momTviniereblad“<br />

moxseniebas.<br />

1986 wlis noemberSi rafikam banakis<br />

sasjeli moixada da gadasaxle-<br />

baSi waiyvanes. banakis wesebis mixedviT,<br />

patimari gaTavisuflebamde ori<br />

TviT adre Tmebs mouSvebda xolme,<br />

„moSveba“ Zalian „xmamaRali“ sityvaa<br />

am SemTxvevaSi, sruli „boqsidan“ or<br />

TveSi didi Tma aravis amosdioda,<br />

aravis, rafikas garda. erTi Tvis Tavze<br />

rafikas Zalian didi Tma amouvida,<br />

imdenad didi, rom iseTi erTi<br />

patara scena gaTamaSda klub-sasadiloSi,<br />

arkadi raikins SeSurdeboda.<br />

swored rafikas Tmebze da, zogadad,<br />

kavkasiuri Tmis safarze vlaparakobdiT<br />

sadilis dros, rodesac<br />

sasadiloSi nasvami kontroliori<br />

trifonovi SemoiWra da mTeli xmiT<br />

daiRriala:<br />

_ Снять головные уборы! _ noemberi<br />

idga da bevrs exura qudi, magram<br />

yvelam moixada, maT Soris, ra Tqma<br />

unda, rafikamac: gaTavisuflebis<br />

win, Tundac gadasaxlebaSi gamgzavrebis<br />

win patimari gansakuTrebiT<br />

frTxili xdeba da rafika xom manamdec<br />

ar iyo TavzexelaRebuli.<br />

_ Сними папаху, Папаян! _ SesZaxa<br />

trifonovma da roca mTeli banaki<br />

siciliT daixoca, TviTonac sicili<br />

autyda da saboloo daskvnac gamoacxo:<br />

_ Вот х... ё... твою мать, у этих армяндемократов<br />

даже волосы по-другому<br />

растут.<br />

_ swored amaze unda davwero sadoqtoro<br />

disertacia, „demokratiis<br />

roli Tmis zrdis daCqarebis saqme-<br />

Si“, _ ganacxada rafikam („daCqareba“<br />

_ ускорение gorbaCovis epoqis erTerTi<br />

mTavari sityva iyo „glasnost-<br />

Tan“ da „perestroikasTan“ erTad).<br />

_ „somxur Tavze demokratiis<br />

roli Tmis zrdis daCqarebis saqmeSi“,<br />

_ Tavazianad Seuswora joni<br />

laSqaraSvilma da Cemze miuTiTa, _<br />

qarTul Tavs, rogorc xedav, verc<br />

demokratia Svelis, _ da mxolod<br />

qarTvelebisTvis gasagebi frazac<br />

daamata, _ Cveni xom WianWvelac ar<br />

varga.<br />

rafael papaiani somxeTis parlamentSi<br />

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis<br />

komitets xelmZRvanelobda. amJamad<br />

somxeTis sakonstitucio sasa-

gagrZeleba<br />

marTlos mosamarTlea. tradiciul<br />

xSir Tmas wver-ulvaSic miumata da<br />

Zalian soliduri ieri miiRo. rogorc<br />

avtorma dawera didi wigni<br />

„Tanamedrove samarTlis qristianuli<br />

fesvebi“ (Христианские корни<br />

современного права), gamoaqveyna<br />

statia lotmanis krebulSi; moskovSi<br />

gamomcemloba „iunipres sk“ gamosca<br />

misi Targmanebis krebuli „XX<br />

saukunis somxuri poezia. rCeuli<br />

gverdebi“, masSi 16 poetis Targmani<br />

Sevida ovanes TumanianiT dawyebuli<br />

akop movsesiT damTavrebuli. papaianis<br />

SesavalSi weria, _ am poetebis<br />

Targmna maTma siyvarulma gadamawyvetinao.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, rafael<br />

papaiani mTargmnelTa sakmaod mcirericxovan<br />

jgufs miekuTvneba, romelsac<br />

ormxrivad Targmna SeuZlia:<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

lad iohan galtungis cnobil termins<br />

_ `struqturul Zaladobas~ waagavs.<br />

bevri Tanamedrove socialuri<br />

mecnieris azriT, Zaladobis mTavari<br />

mizezi sazogadoebaSi arsebuli<br />

uTanasworobaa; uTanasworoba _ erovnul,<br />

eTnikur, sqesobriv, rasobriv,<br />

seqsualur, religiur Tu sxva niadagzea.<br />

aris kidev erTi faqtori, romelsac<br />

praqtikulad aRaravin axsenebs<br />

_ es aris klasi. 21-e saukuneSi,<br />

mienstrim mediis Tanaxmad, TiTqos<br />

klasobrivi problema aRar aris da<br />

TiTqos Raribi da Rataki adamianebi<br />

ar arseboben. amas ara mxolod ultramemarjvene<br />

konservatiuli presa<br />

wers, aramed zomierad progresuli,<br />

liberaluri gamocemebic. JiJekis,<br />

badios, ransieris, agambenis da bevri<br />

maTi Tanamedroves kritikas verc<br />

liberaluri New York Times, Washington<br />

Post uZleben.<br />

liberalizmis erT-erTi udidesi<br />

miRwevaa me-20 saukunis meore naxevar-<br />

Si umciresobaTa uflebebis dacvis<br />

saqmeSi momxdari pozitiuri cvlilebebi.<br />

magram, umciresobebis uflebebis<br />

dacvisas neoliberalur elitas<br />

TiTqos umravlesoba daaviwyda.<br />

yvelaze didi Cagruli masa, es aris<br />

klasobrivi ierarqiis yvelaze qveda<br />

safexurze mdgomi adamianebi. sworedac<br />

rom es `xelSeuxebelTa~ kastaa<br />

dRes mTavari problema _ magram maT<br />

Sesaxeb liberalur presaSi bevrad<br />

naklebs gaigebT, vidre sxvadasxva um-<br />

ciresobis Sesaxeb. anu 21-e saukuneSi,<br />

liberalur diskursSi `identobis politikam~<br />

klasobrivi sakiTxi praqtikulad<br />

mTlianad gamoaZeva sasaubro<br />

enidan. cxadia, identobis politikas<br />

metad legitimuri adgili aqvs socialur<br />

mecnierebebSi da sazogadoebriv<br />

cxovrebaSi, magram klasobrivi sakiTxis<br />

amgvari ugulebelyofa dRevandeli<br />

neo-liberalebis sasargeblod ar<br />

metyvelebs.<br />

Tanamedrove neoliberaluri modeli<br />

dRevandelobis udidesi moazrovneebis<br />

mxridan udidesi kritikis<br />

cecxlqveSaa. miliardobiT Rataki<br />

adamianis sicocxle dRes kiTxvis niSnis<br />

qveS dgas da neoliberaluri institutebi<br />

am gamowvevas adekvaturad<br />

ver pasuxoben.<br />

amerikis samoqalaqo uflebebis mo-<br />

Zraobis erT-erTma yvelaze Tvalsa-<br />

Cino warmomadgenelma 60-ian wlebSi,<br />

malkolm X-ma Tavis droze aseT ram<br />

Tqva: rasizmis sistemasTan brZolaSi<br />

xandaxan liberal melas konservatori<br />

mgeli mirCevniao.<br />

Tanamedrove transnacionalur<br />

korporatiul samyaroSi orive, konservatorica<br />

da liberalic im sistemas<br />

emsaxureba, romelsac JiJeki `sistemur<br />

Zalmomreobas~ uwodebs. Tumca<br />

21-e saukuneSi jerjerobiT kargad<br />

gamokveTili alternativa ar Cans. am<br />

alternativaze fiqri da laparaki sakmao<br />

marginalizaciis riskTanac aris<br />

dakavSirebuli. Tumca, am bolo xane-<br />

www.shokoladi.ge<br />

bSi gamoikveTa adamianTa jgufi, romelic<br />

usityvod ar iRebs socialuri<br />

darvinizmis dogmebs. es garkveuli<br />

progresis niSania Cven sazogadoebaSi.<br />

Tumca jer kidev didi gzaa gasavleli<br />

WeSmariti memarcxene azrovnebis damkvidrebamde<br />

im garemoSi, sadac jer<br />

kidev Sejibria, vin ufro reaqciul<br />

da memarjvene platformas airCevs.<br />

sabWoTa kavSiris dangrevis Semdeg<br />

qarTveli neoliberalebis mxridan<br />

xSirad gamigia mosazreba pinoCetis<br />

Sesaxeb, romelic mas `gmirad~ da `aRmSeneblad~<br />

acxadebda. generali pino-<br />

Ceti araerTi qarTveli neoliberali<br />

politikosisa Tu politologisaTvis<br />

naTeli wertili iyo; CemTvis ki piriqiT,<br />

gmiri is xalxi iyo, vinc mas<br />

ebrZoda da is prokurori, vinc mas<br />

pasuxi agebina.<br />

liberalur azrovnebas, ra Tqma<br />

unda, Rirsebebic aqvs. erT-erTi ase-<br />

Ti Rirseba sworedac rom damoukidebeli<br />

marTlmsajulebis sistemaa, is<br />

sistema, romelmac neoliberaluri<br />

oligarqiis interesebis damcveli pinoCeti<br />

sabolood mainc marTlmsajulebis<br />

winaSe daayena. igive daemarTa<br />

perus arCeul `neoliberal~ diqtators<br />

alberto fuximoris, romelic<br />

sakuTar uSiSroebis ministrTan er-<br />

Tad axla sasjels ixdis. liberaluri<br />

sistemis pirobebSi Temida mainc saku-<br />

Tar adgilas dgas da mxolod `koRos~<br />

rolSi ar aris.<br />

es uTuod liberalizmis Rirsebaa.

literaturuli kafe `qaravani~<br />

warmogidgenT:<br />

1 Tebervali, orSabaTi, 19 saaTi<br />

poet zviad ratianis leqsebis<br />

axali krebulis `negativis~ prezentacia<br />

8 Tebervali, orSabaTi, 19 saaTi<br />

Sexvedra poet diana anfimiadisTan<br />

22 Tebervali, orSabaTi, 19 saaTi<br />

Sexvedra zurab qarumiZesTan<br />

literatura da musika<br />

literaturuli kafe `qaravani~, mis.: furcelaZis 10

misamarTi: abanos q. N 3<br />

radio „nacnobi“ gepatiJebaT<br />

klubSi „nacnobi“<br />

tradiciuli qarTuli samzareulo<br />

cocxali musika

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