iii_tomi.pdf
iii_tomi.pdf iii_tomi.pdf
om saerTod uarvyoT misi esTetikuroba. xati `orbunebovania~: esTetikuricaa da zeesTetikuric (anu religiuri sulierebiT gamsWvaluli). aseTi gageba efuZneba qristes orbunebianobas (diofizitobas). monofizitoba xats uaryofda. rogor unda warmovisaxoT sityvieri xati wm. ninosi? an saerTod, misi ikonografiuli saxeba? es unda daukavSirdes misi misioneruli moRvaweobis umTavres momentebs. misi mTavari damsaxurebani mas sxvadasxva saxiT warmogvidgenen. aseTi principi saerTod miRebulia evangelur ikonografiaSi. macxovris xatTagan umTavresia jvarcmis xati. magram aseve mniSvnelovania sxva xatebic: fericvalebisa Tu amaRlebis, saidumlo serobisa Tu gardamoxsnisa. aseve sxvadasxvagvaria RvTismSoblis xatebic: RvTismSobeli `eleusa~ (moalerse), RvTismSobeli - `odigitria~ (gzis maCvenebeli) da sxvani. TviT wm. ninos Tavisi cxovrebidan gansakuTrebiT gansaxovneba surda: `uwyoden SvilTa TquenTa sarwmunoebaÁ Tqueni da SewynarebaÁ Cemi da saswaulni ese RmrTisa Cuenisani, romelni gixilven mciredni mTaTa zeda da maT Sina suetisa aRmarTebasa da mier wyarosa mas zeda vidre aqa mosvlamde Cemda. TviT ufalman uwyis da sulman Cemman, romeli uxilavs Tualsa Cemsa zeciT gardamo queyanasa Cemsa~ (106). wm. ninos usurvebia momavals daamaxsovrdes is Semdeg movlenebTan dakavSirebiT; esenia: saswaulebi mTaze, sveticxovlis aRmarTva, wyarosTan. magram es ar aris yvelaferi, es is movlenebia, romelTa Semswre Tavad yofila misi cxovrebis aRmweri – salome ujarmeli. am movlenebs Seavsebs dedofal sujis ambebze darTuli abiaTaris monaTxrobi: qarTls moevlinao `dedakaci erTi ubiwo, myudroÁ moSiSebiTa, ubraloÁ, wmidaÁ, RmerT-Semosili, wmindaÁ nino, dedaÁ Cueni. misgan vixilen sakvirvelebani kurnebaTani da niSni sazarelni da saswaulni saSinelni amis svetisa aRmarTebisa da juarisa aRdgomisa da kualad mayualTa maT misTa saucxueTa~ (104). aq ori liturgiul-eortalogiuri movlenaa aqcentirebuli: sveticxovlis aRmarTva da jvris (cxadia, mcxe- Tis jvris) aRmarTva da kidev erTi mniSvnelovani faqti: wm. nino mayvlovanSi. roca gaviazrebT xatisebur (`eikonur~) saxeebs agiografiaSi, anda sakuTriv xats, gasaTvaliswinebelia friad mniSvnelovani ram: Weduri (an naxati) Tu sityvieri xati, garegnulad SeiZleba iyos statikuri, uZravi da mdgradi, magram Sinaganad xati yovelTvis dinamiuria, radgan masSi sulis moZraobaa. aRaras vityviT iseT dinamiur Sinaarsze, rogoricaa macxovris feriscvaleba an ierusalimSi Sesvla. magram TviT jvarcma udides Sinagan sulier moZraobas Seicavs. asea aRsaqmeli wminda ninos xatebanic. a) sveticxoveli da wminda nino. sveti-cxovelTan dgas wm. nino vazis jvriTa da gragniliT xelSi. sveti-cxoveli zecidan eSveba (`Camoesveteba~) da efuZneba miwas, uflis kvarTis adgilas, raTa zecasTan SeakavSiros es qveyana. wm. nino zecas Sescqeris, raTa zecaze fiqriT ilocos saqarTveloze. misi mzera aRvsilia sinanuliT. sinanuli sulieri ganwmendaa. sulieri ganwmendiT Camoesvetdeba adamianis sulSi sveti-cxoveli, simbolo mama-RmerTisa, Ze RmerTisa da suliwmindisa, da samebis erTarsobisa. wm. ninos siwminde sxvaTac aRunTebs sulSi sveti-cxovels, RvTaebrivi naTliT aRvsil svets. amitom jer mefem da mere yvelam `ixila naTeli, rameTu hkrTeboda viTarca elva, xolo aRwevnul iyo que samoTxiT vidre zecamde, Semdeg ki yvelam ixila orkerZove sakvirveli da saSineli ucxo saxilavi, naTeli usaz- Rvro da mouwvdomeli da ganbrwyinvebuli da Tvinier nivTTasa zehaerTa sakvirvelad damokidebuli da xelTasa kavobrivTasa Seuxebeli~ (`saqarTvelos samoTxe~, 90). wm. ninos xateba iseve, rogorc wmindanTa yvela xati da yvela freska, viTarca samoTxis mkvidrTa saxebani, samoTxeSivea warmosadgeni. wmindanTa sxeuli eTerovani sxeulia, anu sxeuli aRvsili suliT. maTi sxeulis fizikuri bunebaa ganqarvebadi, sulieri buneba ki uxrwnelia da maradiuli. wmindani samoTxidan gvicqeris da Cvenganac sulier mzeras iTxovs, aseT mzeras sWirdeba rwmena, raTa wmindanis saxe Cveulebriv portretad ar aRviqvaT. 84
arsebobs cnobili xati, romelzedac sveti-cxovelisa da wm. ninos irgvliv Semokrebilni arian samoTxis mkvidrni wminda sulebi saqarTvelosi. amitom uwodes maT saqarTvelos samoTxe anu zeciuri saqarTvelo. saqarTvelos samoTxis centrSi wm. ninoa. b) nawarmoebSi wm. nino daxasiaTebulia ori TiTqosda erTmaneTTan SeuTavsebeli terminiT: `dedofali~ da tyve. bunebrivad gaCndeba azri, rom adre nino sadRac moxvedrila tyveobaSi, ris gamoc tyve uwodeso. magram amis msgavsi ram nawarmoebSi ar Cans. TiTqos raRac mimsgavsebuli SeiZleba gvegulisxma somxeTis gzaze, roca aqauri mefe massa da mis axloblebs SepyrobiT emuqreboda, magram nino gadaurCa amas da aq ar unda Serqmeoda tyve. arc saamisod arsebobda pirdapiri safuZveli, rom ninos- Tvis ewodebinaT `dedofali~. marTalia, igi didebulTa ojaxidan iyo: mamamisi zabiloni romis imperatoris mxedarTmTavaria, frankebis gamaqristianebeli, xolo dedamisi ierusalimis patriarqis iuvenelis dai. magram mSoblebi adre aRkvecilan monazvnad, roca nino 12 wlis yofila da amis Semdeg igi izrdeboda taZris msaxuris sara niaforas Semwed. mere TviT kaTalikosis xeldasma miiRo da saqarTveloSi gamoemarTa. Semdeg sul ubraloebiT cxovrobda. yvelas TanaugrZnobda da mkurnalobda. misi wyalobiT mefis baRis mcveli qalis anastosis uSvilo ojaxs Svilosnobis bedniereba eRirsa. ninom gankurna dedofali nana da sxvanic. aqve kvlav gaviTvaliswinoT faravnis tbasTan xilva, armazis msxvreva, sveticxovlis da jvarTa aRmarTva da wm. nino xdeba `dedofali~. jer mefe miriani uwodebs axalgazrda ninos – dedao! mefe miriani ambobs wm. ninoze: `dedakaci mociquli da maxarobeli, ... pirvel viTarca tyue, viTarca ucxoÁ da viTarca mwiri, viTarca Seuwevneli, viTarca usmi da utyvi, romelica aw meqmna Cuen tyue igi dedofal. ucxoÁ igi deda, Seuwevneli – Sesavedrebeli yovelTa da utyvi igi qadag Zlier da mecnier dafarulTa CemTa gulis sityuaTa~ (gv. 158). aq Zalze naTlad Cans erTi tendencia: wmindani daxasiaTdes urTierTsapirispiro niSnebiT: tyve da dedofali, utyvi da qadagi da a.S. g) mravalmxriv sainteresoa saqarTveloSi pirveli saswaulebrivi xilva wm. ninosi. wmindanTan dakavSirebuli yoveli epizodi sayuradReboa, magram mainc SeiZleba gamoiyos gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis Semcveli movlenebi. aseTia sveticxovlis epizodi da aseTivea saqarTveloSi pirveli saswaulebrivi xilva wm. ninosi. es moxda javaxeTSi, faravnis tbis piras. saqarTveloSi Semosulma ninom pirvelad aq daisadgura. aqve Sexvedrian mwyemsebi mas mcxeTidan da misi Semogarenidan. varTo `zogni dabiT da zogni safurcliT da zogni qinjarelni, rabatelni da didisa qalaqisa mcxeTisani, sada RmerTni RmerToben da mefeni mefobeno~, _ ambobdnen mwyemsebi. da Tan aqve loculobdnen armazsa da zadenze. wm. ninom `gardasadineblad mas tbasa~ sasTumlad erTi lodi daido da mieZina. CvenebaSi eaxla uflis angelozi da gadmosca raRac sakvirveli wigni, romelic `dawerili iyo hromaelebr (albaT, berZnulad, radgan berZnulsac ase uwodebdnen. r. s.) da dabeWdul iyo iesuÁsi~ (116). am wignSi `dawerilni iyvnes~ `aTi sityuani~, viTarca-igi pirvel ficarTa qvisaTa~ es `aTi sityva~ (anu dekalogi) aT mcnebas Seicavda da erTgvarad emsgavseboda im faqts, roca RmerTma moses gadasca `aTi mcneba~, romlebic qvis or dafaze iyo dawerili. oRondac ninoseuli `aTi sityva~ Sinaarseulad sxvagvari iyo. isini emyareboda saxareba-oTxTavs, mxolod pirveli Segoneba iyo pavle mociqulis epistoledan galatelTa mimarT: `arca mamakacebaÁ, arca dedakacebaÁ aramed Tquen yovelni erT xarT~ (3.28). es Segoneba gulisxmobs, rom arsiT erTia yoveli adamiani, qalic da kacic. adamianis arsi misi sulia, romelic Seiqmna RvTis xatad, anu xatad qristesi. ase pasuxobs es Segoneba kiTxvas – Tu ratom moaqcia qarTli qalma. ufro gvian amave sakiTxs exeba didi qarTveli RvTismetyvelis, giorgi III-isa da, albaT, Tamarisdroindelic, kaTalikos-patriarqis nikoloz gulaberisZis `sakiTxavi suetisa cxovelisa, kuarTisa saufloÁsa da kaTolike eklesiisaÁ~. 85
- Page 34 and 35: `cxovrebaTa~ gmiri Tavidanve nebayo
- Page 36 and 37: zurgs aqceven, uSurvelad gascemen q
- Page 38 and 39: X-XI ss-Si asketizmis esTetikis gam
- Page 40 and 41: SemosZarcvia suls, didi Zalisxmevis
- Page 42 and 43: `saSen masalad~ iSviaTad iyenebs ko
- Page 44 and 45: om, stereotipi nakli ki ar aris amg
- Page 46 and 47: azriT, `qarTuli hagiografiis dasawy
- Page 48 and 49: Zlieri damakavSirebeli rgoli iyo bi
- Page 50 and 51: ne Sesagragnelad mCuari wmidaÁ wmi
- Page 52 and 53: iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wameba~ 52
- Page 54 and 55: aris dakavSirebuli, wmindani uwmind
- Page 56 and 57: `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ hagiografiisaT
- Page 58 and 59: uli sulis gamarjveba xorcze. mowame
- Page 60 and 61: qorwinebac. amave dros, `samkauli~
- Page 62 and 63: qristianobas ar darTvia mwvalebluri
- Page 64 and 65: mogvianebiT gaCndeba bzari samyaros
- Page 66 and 67: mentebi. idealisaken mimaval gzaze
- Page 68 and 69: vis, ucqire da daixsome, Wabuko~ 19
- Page 70 and 71: Cven sityvas aRar gavagrZelebT. vit
- Page 72 and 73: Sinagani konfliqtis Sinaarsis aspeq
- Page 74 and 75: sakiTxavTa Janrs am dros ukve garkv
- Page 76 and 77: igive unda iTqvas armazis msxvrevis
- Page 78 and 79: qristianoba saqarTveloSi. es ki mis
- Page 80 and 81: eikonuri anu xatisebri gansaxovneba
- Page 82 and 83: viT dagvirgvinebuli, dabla CamoSveb
- Page 86 and 87: zemore STagonebas mosdevs TviT macx
- Page 88 and 89: Tul enas saxarebaSi simbolurad laza
- Page 90 and 91: xile zeciT gardamo ubrwyinvalesi mz
- Page 92 and 93: eklesia aSenda mayvlovanSi, xolo qv
- Page 94 and 95: nian da movidian samoTxesa mas, da
- Page 96 and 97: `wminda ninos cxovrebis~ mTeli saxi
- Page 98 and 99: nebis Tavisuflebis kvalobaze, adami
- Page 100 and 101: veles yovlisa, qedmaRlobis qveS, ro
- Page 102 and 103: mas kibesa winamZRurobisasa aRiyvan
- Page 104 and 105: uar-yo... egeviTarman man ganTqumul
- Page 106 and 107: ZTaSi stumrad mosul berebs erTxel g
- Page 108 and 109: kefaliisaTvis gamarTul disputSi mon
- Page 110 and 111: ogorc varaudoben, Txzuleba dawerili
- Page 112 and 113: ogorc aRniSnaven, ioane sabaniZis T
- Page 114 and 115: gulisa Tquenisani maspinZel eqmeniT
- Page 116 and 117: qarTvelebs siyvaruliT `haboTi~ Seuc
- Page 118 and 119: TavSi sabanisZe eklesiaSi Semokrebi
- Page 120 and 121: keTilad Semmzadebel sulnelTa maT sa
- Page 122 and 123: omelic macxovarTan erTad gaakres jv
- Page 124 and 125: qarTlSi WeSmarit qristianad dabrune
- Page 126 and 127: qarTuli agiografia ioane sabanisZe,
- Page 128 and 129: msoflios `yurea~. amas exmianeba na
- Page 130 and 131: welTaRricxvis win. amas emateba 786
- Page 132 and 133: ul RirsebaTa warmoCenas yovelTvis S
om saerTod uarvyoT misi esTetikuroba. xati `orbunebovania~: esTetikuricaa da<br />
zeesTetikuric (anu religiuri sulierebiT gamsWvaluli). aseTi gageba efuZneba<br />
qristes orbunebianobas (diofizitobas). monofizitoba xats uaryofda.<br />
rogor unda warmovisaxoT sityvieri xati wm. ninosi? an saerTod, misi ikonografiuli<br />
saxeba? es unda daukavSirdes misi misioneruli moRvaweobis umTavres momentebs.<br />
misi mTavari damsaxurebani mas sxvadasxva saxiT warmogvidgenen. aseTi principi<br />
saerTod miRebulia evangelur ikonografiaSi. macxovris xatTagan umTavresia jvarcmis<br />
xati. magram aseve mniSvnelovania sxva xatebic: fericvalebisa Tu amaRlebis,<br />
saidumlo serobisa Tu gardamoxsnisa. aseve sxvadasxvagvaria RvTismSoblis xatebic:<br />
RvTismSobeli `eleusa~ (moalerse), RvTismSobeli - `odigitria~ (gzis maCvenebeli)<br />
da sxvani.<br />
TviT wm. ninos Tavisi cxovrebidan gansakuTrebiT gansaxovneba surda: `uwyoden<br />
SvilTa TquenTa sarwmunoebaÁ Tqueni da SewynarebaÁ Cemi da saswaulni ese RmrTisa<br />
Cuenisani, romelni gixilven mciredni mTaTa zeda da maT Sina suetisa aRmarTebasa<br />
da mier wyarosa mas zeda vidre aqa mosvlamde Cemda. TviT ufalman uwyis da sulman<br />
Cemman, romeli uxilavs Tualsa Cemsa zeciT gardamo queyanasa Cemsa~ (106).<br />
wm. ninos usurvebia momavals daamaxsovrdes is Semdeg movlenebTan dakavSirebiT;<br />
esenia: saswaulebi mTaze, sveticxovlis aRmarTva, wyarosTan. magram es ar aris yvelaferi,<br />
es is movlenebia, romelTa Semswre Tavad yofila misi cxovrebis aRmweri –<br />
salome ujarmeli.<br />
am movlenebs Seavsebs dedofal sujis ambebze darTuli abiaTaris monaTxrobi:<br />
qarTls moevlinao `dedakaci erTi ubiwo, myudroÁ moSiSebiTa, ubraloÁ, wmidaÁ,<br />
RmerT-Semosili, wmindaÁ nino, dedaÁ Cueni. misgan vixilen sakvirvelebani kurnebaTani<br />
da niSni sazarelni da saswaulni saSinelni amis svetisa aRmarTebisa da juarisa<br />
aRdgomisa da kualad mayualTa maT misTa saucxueTa~ (104). aq ori liturgiul-eortalogiuri<br />
movlenaa aqcentirebuli: sveticxovlis aRmarTva da jvris (cxadia, mcxe-<br />
Tis jvris) aRmarTva da kidev erTi mniSvnelovani faqti: wm. nino mayvlovanSi.<br />
roca gaviazrebT xatisebur (`eikonur~) saxeebs agiografiaSi, anda sakuTriv xats,<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia friad mniSvnelovani ram: Weduri (an naxati) Tu sityvieri xati,<br />
garegnulad SeiZleba iyos statikuri, uZravi da mdgradi, magram Sinaganad xati yovelTvis<br />
dinamiuria, radgan masSi sulis moZraobaa. aRaras vityviT iseT dinamiur<br />
Sinaarsze, rogoricaa macxovris feriscvaleba an ierusalimSi Sesvla. magram TviT<br />
jvarcma udides Sinagan sulier moZraobas Seicavs.<br />
asea aRsaqmeli wminda ninos xatebanic.<br />
a) sveticxoveli da wminda nino. sveti-cxovelTan dgas wm. nino vazis jvriTa da<br />
gragniliT xelSi. sveti-cxoveli zecidan eSveba (`Camoesveteba~) da efuZneba miwas,<br />
uflis kvarTis adgilas, raTa zecasTan SeakavSiros es qveyana. wm. nino zecas Sescqeris,<br />
raTa zecaze fiqriT ilocos saqarTveloze. misi mzera aRvsilia sinanuliT.<br />
sinanuli sulieri ganwmendaa. sulieri ganwmendiT Camoesvetdeba adamianis sulSi<br />
sveti-cxoveli, simbolo mama-RmerTisa, Ze RmerTisa da suliwmindisa, da samebis erTarsobisa.<br />
wm. ninos siwminde sxvaTac aRunTebs sulSi sveti-cxovels, RvTaebrivi<br />
naTliT aRvsil svets. amitom jer mefem da mere yvelam `ixila naTeli, rameTu<br />
hkrTeboda viTarca elva, xolo aRwevnul iyo que samoTxiT vidre zecamde, Semdeg<br />
ki yvelam ixila orkerZove sakvirveli da saSineli ucxo saxilavi, naTeli usaz-<br />
Rvro da mouwvdomeli da ganbrwyinvebuli da Tvinier nivTTasa zehaerTa sakvirvelad<br />
damokidebuli da xelTasa kavobrivTasa Seuxebeli~ (`saqarTvelos samoTxe~, 90).<br />
wm. ninos xateba iseve, rogorc wmindanTa yvela xati da yvela freska, viTarca<br />
samoTxis mkvidrTa saxebani, samoTxeSivea warmosadgeni. wmindanTa sxeuli eTerovani<br />
sxeulia, anu sxeuli aRvsili suliT. maTi sxeulis fizikuri bunebaa ganqarvebadi,<br />
sulieri buneba ki uxrwnelia da maradiuli. wmindani samoTxidan gvicqeris da Cvenganac<br />
sulier mzeras iTxovs, aseT mzeras sWirdeba rwmena, raTa wmindanis saxe Cveulebriv<br />
portretad ar aRviqvaT.<br />
84
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