iii_tomi.pdf
iii_tomi.pdf iii_tomi.pdf
qristianobas ar darTvia mwvalebluri minarevebi, arc asketizmis ukiduresi eqscesebi gamovlenila qarTul yofaSi. martvilobas Cvens sinamdvileSi, mazdeanur da mahmadianur aRmosavleTSi qristianuli marTlmadideblobis burjad mdgar qveyanaSi, udidesi rezonansi hqonda. martvilobaTa gmirebi _ sparseli evstaTi Tu arabi abo _ erovnul gmirebad iqcnen ganurCevlad maTi erovnebisa. iakob xucesi ioane sabanisZis msgavsad ar gvesaubreba Tavisi erovnuli mizandasaxulebis Sesaxeb, magram `wamebaSi~ aSkarad Cans misi erovnuli pozicia. man SuSanikis martvilobis faqts Camoacala is detalebi, rac xels SeuSlida erovnul idealTa mtvirTvelad SuSanikis aRiarebas. iakob xucesma dagvafiqra mowamebrivi faqtis mniSvnelobaze, mis udides rezonansze; SuSanikis gulSematkivarTa Soris dagvixata `aznaurni did-didni da zepurni dedani, aznaurni da uaznoni soflisa qarTlisani~, `amboxi mravali dedebisa da mamebisaÁ moxucebulTa da yrmaTaÁ~, `simravlÀ uricxÂ~. gviCvena, rom erTianad SeZrulia yvela ganurCevlad socialuri mdgomareobisa, sqesisa, asakisa. varsqenis politikur zraxvebze sityvaZunw iakobs yuradReba rwmenis uaryofaze aqvs gadatanili. iakobi moRalates ar uwodebs mas, magram garkveul konteqstSi meti Zala aqvs `erTguls~. sparseTidan dabrunebulma varsqenma `zraxvayo, raÁTa auwyos da wina miegebnen mas aznaurni da misni Zeni da msaxurni misni, raÁTa maT gamo, viTarca erTguli, soflad Sevides~. qarTuli hagiografiis mowameni Tu erovnuli gmirebi iyvnen, monasterSi moRvawe berebi, `cxoreba-moqalaqeobaTa~ personaJebi, saqveyno saqmisaTvis Tavdadebulad iRvwodnen. qarTuli hagiografiis Sesaxeb msjelobisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT is didi misia, romelic ekisra CvenSi bermonazvnobis instituts. qarTuli monasteri swavlaganaTlebisa da kulturis kera iyo Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi Tu mis farglebs gareT. monasterSi moRvawe berebi kulturul Rirebulebebs qmnidnen, ganamtkicebdnen erovnul TviTSegnebas, amkvidrebdnen saxelmwifoebriv statuss. qarTveli berebi idulgenciebiT ar damdidrebulan, sxvaTa codvebiT ar uvaWriaT. am wodebam itvirTa erovnul enaze RvTismsaxurebiTY`friadi qarTlis~ ideis damkvidreba. monasterSi moRvawe berebi Txzavdnen, qristianuli kulturis monapovrebs Targmnidnen, filosofiuri traqtatebis komentirebiT iyvnen garTulni, qveynis kulturul cxovrebas warmarTavdnen. grigol xanZTelma Tu samonastro cxovrebis aRorZineba iTava, giorgi mTawmindelma oTxmoci oboli biWi waiyvana bizantiaSi da oTxmoci msaxuri aRuzarda qarTul kulturas. hagiografiuli reglamentis upirvelesi moTxovna iyo `WeSmariti da uqceveli~ aRwera. Cvens hagiografiul ZeglebSi sazogadoebrivi yofis farTo suraTia warmodgenili. es bunebrivia. aseTi iyo am nawarmoebis gmirTa samoRvaweo asparezi. qarTuli hagiografiis gmirebi unda SevudaroT ara TviTmartvilT, aramed Cvensave wamebulT da Cvensave moRvawe berebs: ilarion qarTvels, petre ibers, Tornike erisTavs, eqvTime da giorgi mTawmindelebs, efrem mcires, arsen iyalToels. sasuliero mwerloba udides Zalas warmoadgenda erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi organizaciis saqmeSi. erovnuli TviTSegnebis gaZliereba gamoixateba ara mxolod ioane sabanisZis, giorgi merCules, ioane zosimes SemoqmedebaSi, aramed qarTuli eklesiis organizaciaSi, eortalogiur praqtikaSi; `qarTuli gangeba~, `qarTuli daviTi~, erovnuli ganmanaTleblis kulti, RvTismSoblis wilxvdomiloba, esqatologiuri problemebis qarTul enasTan dakavSireba _ es iyo saerTo procesi, romelic mzaddeboda adridanve. iakob xucesma 1500 wlis winaT gviTxra, rom Ralati rwmenisa, principebisa, iyo Ralati ojaxisa, qveynisa, erisa. qarTuli mwerlobis moRweulTagan uZveles ZeglSi Cveni kulturis mamoZravebeli tendenciaa wamoWrili, erovnuli TviTSegnebis maRali donea warmoCenili. 62
erovnuli hagiografiis gmiri (`wamebani~) 63 griver farulava klasikuri antikurobis xana ideas materiisagan mowyvetiT an materias ideisagan gancalkevebiT ar aRiqvamda. mTeli sinamdvile, rogorc kosmosi, ise adamiani, gaigeboda, viTarca realuri da idealuri erTdroulad. am garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT ityvian xolme, _ antikurobam idealuris kategoria ar icodao. aq swored is igulisxmeba, rom garemomcveli sinamdvile harmoniad aRiqmeba, lamaz sxeulSi lamazi sulia. ara yovel miwierSi, aramed rafinirebulSi, daxvewilSi, materialur naklTagan ganwmendilSi da am daxvewilobis pirdapirproporciulad asxivebs mSveniereba. materialurSi idealuris am uSualo ganWvretiT Zveli berZnuli azrovneba kacobriobis lamazsa da normalur bavSvobas gamoxatavda. `klasikuri periodis berZnuli silamazisa da xelovnebis arseboba SesaZlebeli iyo, ramdenadac idealuri da materialuri moiazreboda aq Serwymul da ganuyofel igiveobad~. 1 1 igiveobis safuZvlad ki realuri, materialuri iyo miCneuli. swored amis gamo xelovnebis umSvenieres qmnilebad iTvleba kosmosi da adamiani, romelic kosmiur stiqiaTa gansazRvrul formirebadaa miCneuli. adamianis cocxali sxeuli miiCneva xelovnebis ZiriTad obieqtad, arqiteqturisa da literaturis saxeobriv sistemasac igi gansazRvravs. hegeli amis Taobaze ityvis: `berZnuli silamaze sulieri individualobis Sinagan Sinaarss warmogvidgens sruliad Serwymulad mis sxeulebriv saxesTan, qcevebTan da ambebTan, Sinagani cxovreba sruliad ixateba garegnulSi da netarad myofobs mas- Si...…klasikuri xelovnebis RvTaebriv sawyiss ar upirispirdeba borotebis, codvis, cdomilebis samyaro~. 2 am ukanasknel frazaSi is azri devs, rom pirovnebis SigniT ar Cndeba araviTari gaoreba; adamianis mxatvruli saxis safuZvelia substanciuri sawyisi, romelsac ar SeiZleba daupirispirdes subieqturi cxovrebis SigniT TavCenili zneobrivi Secdoma, mankieri ltolva da codva. axali drois `dasavleTevropuli filosofia er- TmaneTs upirispirebs Sinagansa da garegans. silamazis homerosiseuli warmodgena sruliad gamoricxavs aseT antiTezas: is, rasac garegnuli saxiT vxedavT Cven silamazis amqveyniur samyaroSi, igi misive Sinaganobaa; da garegani saxiT Cven sxvas arafers vxedavT, Tu ar misive Sinagans, idumal cxovrebas~ 3 . raki adamianis esTetikuri aRqma plastikurobasa da monoliTurobas emyareba, klasikuri antikuri eposisa da dramis gmirTa arsi da faseuloba obieqturi sinamdvilis faqtebis, movlenebis da ambebis garemocvaSi aseve garegnul-faqtobrivad mimarTul RonisZiebebSi mJRavndeba. am personaJTa sulier samyaroze mkiTxveli mxolod im Sinagani impulsebis mixedviT sjis, rac faqtobrivad ganxorcielebul, grZnobadad aRsaqmel moqmedebaSi Cans an igulisxmeba pirdapir, uSualod. rogorc qandakebis plastikuri formaa is ena, romelzedac gamoqandakebulis Sinaganoba cxaddeba, aseTive eqoa antikuri gmiris grZnobadad aRsaqmeli moZraoba Tu Jesti misi sulierebisa. subieqtis subieqturoba Tavis TavTan mimarTebaSi, Sinagani gaorebis drama daxSulia amgvari mzerisaTvis. klasikuri literaturis am aspeqtis Taobaze warmarTul msjelobas movusminoT: `Tumca gviandeli gvarovnuli wyobilebis epoqa- Si ukve iwyeba pirovnebis gamoyofa pirvelyofili koleqtivisagan, mis gankerZoebas mainc ar miuRwevia im donisaTvis, roca adamianis Sinagani samyaro TavisTavadi interesis sagani gaxdeboda esTetikuri cnobierebisaTvis.~ 4 1 А. Ф. Лосев. История античной эстетики (ранняя классика). М.. 1963, с. 550. 2 Гегель. Эстетика, т. II, М., 1969, с. 345-344. 3 losevis dasaxelebuli naSromi gv. 235. 4 История всемирной литературы, т. I, М., 1983, с. 322.
- Page 12 and 13: ad aRmoCnda, rom igi RmerTia~. miwi
- Page 14 and 15: met xans rom grZeldeba, TiTqmis mTl
- Page 16 and 17: movediT, Zmano, STavixedneT saflavT
- Page 18 and 19: xedviT. Yyofiereba miCneulia sikeTe
- Page 20 and 21: mianiSnebs kaeSans, Rimili - naTels
- Page 22 and 23: axali drois Teologiuri azrovneba eT
- Page 24 and 25: nawarmoebi, mxolod esTetikuri TvalT
- Page 26 and 27: lis moxmareba ki ar ikrZaleba, aram
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- Page 38 and 39: X-XI ss-Si asketizmis esTetikis gam
- Page 40 and 41: SemosZarcvia suls, didi Zalisxmevis
- Page 42 and 43: `saSen masalad~ iSviaTad iyenebs ko
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- Page 46 and 47: azriT, `qarTuli hagiografiis dasawy
- Page 48 and 49: Zlieri damakavSirebeli rgoli iyo bi
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- Page 54 and 55: aris dakavSirebuli, wmindani uwmind
- Page 56 and 57: `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ hagiografiisaT
- Page 58 and 59: uli sulis gamarjveba xorcze. mowame
- Page 60 and 61: qorwinebac. amave dros, `samkauli~
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- Page 66 and 67: mentebi. idealisaken mimaval gzaze
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- Page 70 and 71: Cven sityvas aRar gavagrZelebT. vit
- Page 72 and 73: Sinagani konfliqtis Sinaarsis aspeq
- Page 74 and 75: sakiTxavTa Janrs am dros ukve garkv
- Page 76 and 77: igive unda iTqvas armazis msxvrevis
- Page 78 and 79: qristianoba saqarTveloSi. es ki mis
- Page 80 and 81: eikonuri anu xatisebri gansaxovneba
- Page 82 and 83: viT dagvirgvinebuli, dabla CamoSveb
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- Page 102 and 103: mas kibesa winamZRurobisasa aRiyvan
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qristianobas ar darTvia mwvalebluri minarevebi, arc asketizmis ukiduresi eqscesebi<br />
gamovlenila qarTul yofaSi. martvilobas Cvens sinamdvileSi, mazdeanur da mahmadianur<br />
aRmosavleTSi qristianuli marTlmadideblobis burjad mdgar qveyanaSi,<br />
udidesi rezonansi hqonda. martvilobaTa gmirebi _ sparseli evstaTi Tu arabi abo<br />
_ erovnul gmirebad iqcnen ganurCevlad maTi erovnebisa.<br />
iakob xucesi ioane sabanisZis msgavsad ar gvesaubreba Tavisi erovnuli mizandasaxulebis<br />
Sesaxeb, magram `wamebaSi~ aSkarad Cans misi erovnuli pozicia. man SuSanikis<br />
martvilobis faqts Camoacala is detalebi, rac xels SeuSlida erovnul idealTa<br />
mtvirTvelad SuSanikis aRiarebas. iakob xucesma dagvafiqra mowamebrivi faqtis<br />
mniSvnelobaze, mis udides rezonansze; SuSanikis gulSematkivarTa Soris dagvixata<br />
`aznaurni did-didni da zepurni dedani, aznaurni da uaznoni soflisa qarTlisani~,<br />
`amboxi mravali dedebisa da mamebisaÁ moxucebulTa da yrmaTaÁ~, `simravlÀ<br />
uricxÂ~. gviCvena, rom erTianad SeZrulia yvela ganurCevlad socialuri mdgomareobisa,<br />
sqesisa, asakisa. varsqenis politikur zraxvebze sityvaZunw iakobs yuradReba<br />
rwmenis uaryofaze aqvs gadatanili. iakobi moRalates ar uwodebs mas, magram garkveul<br />
konteqstSi meti Zala aqvs `erTguls~. sparseTidan dabrunebulma varsqenma<br />
`zraxvayo, raÁTa auwyos da wina miegebnen mas aznaurni da misni Zeni da msaxurni<br />
misni, raÁTa maT gamo, viTarca erTguli, soflad Sevides~.<br />
qarTuli hagiografiis mowameni Tu erovnuli gmirebi iyvnen, monasterSi moRvawe<br />
berebi, `cxoreba-moqalaqeobaTa~ personaJebi, saqveyno saqmisaTvis Tavdadebulad iRvwodnen.<br />
qarTuli hagiografiis Sesaxeb msjelobisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT is didi<br />
misia, romelic ekisra CvenSi bermonazvnobis instituts. qarTuli monasteri swavlaganaTlebisa<br />
da kulturis kera iyo Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi Tu mis farglebs<br />
gareT. monasterSi moRvawe berebi kulturul Rirebulebebs qmnidnen, ganamtkicebdnen<br />
erovnul TviTSegnebas, amkvidrebdnen saxelmwifoebriv statuss. qarTveli<br />
berebi idulgenciebiT ar damdidrebulan, sxvaTa codvebiT ar uvaWriaT. am wodebam<br />
itvirTa erovnul enaze RvTismsaxurebiTY`friadi qarTlis~ ideis damkvidreba.<br />
monasterSi moRvawe berebi Txzavdnen, qristianuli kulturis monapovrebs<br />
Targmnidnen, filosofiuri traqtatebis komentirebiT iyvnen garTulni, qveynis<br />
kulturul cxovrebas warmarTavdnen. grigol xanZTelma Tu samonastro cxovrebis<br />
aRorZineba iTava, giorgi mTawmindelma oTxmoci oboli biWi waiyvana bizantiaSi da<br />
oTxmoci msaxuri aRuzarda qarTul kulturas. hagiografiuli reglamentis upirvelesi<br />
moTxovna iyo `WeSmariti da uqceveli~ aRwera. Cvens hagiografiul ZeglebSi<br />
sazogadoebrivi yofis farTo suraTia warmodgenili. es bunebrivia. aseTi iyo am nawarmoebis<br />
gmirTa samoRvaweo asparezi. qarTuli hagiografiis gmirebi unda SevudaroT<br />
ara TviTmartvilT, aramed Cvensave wamebulT da Cvensave moRvawe berebs: ilarion<br />
qarTvels, petre ibers, Tornike erisTavs, eqvTime da giorgi mTawmindelebs,<br />
efrem mcires, arsen iyalToels.<br />
sasuliero mwerloba udides Zalas warmoadgenda erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi organizaciis<br />
saqmeSi. erovnuli TviTSegnebis gaZliereba gamoixateba ara mxolod ioane<br />
sabanisZis, giorgi merCules, ioane zosimes SemoqmedebaSi, aramed qarTuli eklesiis<br />
organizaciaSi, eortalogiur praqtikaSi; `qarTuli gangeba~, `qarTuli daviTi~,<br />
erovnuli ganmanaTleblis kulti, RvTismSoblis wilxvdomiloba, esqatologiuri<br />
problemebis qarTul enasTan dakavSireba _ es iyo saerTo procesi, romelic mzaddeboda<br />
adridanve. iakob xucesma 1500 wlis winaT gviTxra, rom Ralati rwmenisa,<br />
principebisa, iyo Ralati ojaxisa, qveynisa, erisa. qarTuli mwerlobis moRweulTagan<br />
uZveles ZeglSi Cveni kulturis mamoZravebeli tendenciaa wamoWrili, erovnuli<br />
TviTSegnebis maRali donea warmoCenili.<br />
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