iii_tomi.pdf
iii_tomi.pdf iii_tomi.pdf
qorwinebac. amave dros, `samkauli~ azrobrivad exmianeba qristianul zneTswavlulebaSi gavrcelebul simbolos _ `sakrvels~, rogorc sulis Semborkav codvaTa metaforas. ioane oqropirs naTqvami aqvs: `codvani Cemni umravles qÂSisa zRÂsa arian da me Sekrul var maTgan, viTarca sakrveliTa rkinisaÁTa~. amqveyniuri pativis momaswavebel samkaulTagan ganZarculi da `codvaTa sakrvelTagan~ ganTavisuflebuli SuSaniki daborkilia da `viTarca sZali, Semkuli sakrvelTa maTgan~. ase dagvixata iakob xucesma mowamis sulieri amaRleba. `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ aseve mravalplaniania konkretuli sxva siuJeturi detalebi da simbolikiT aris datvirTuli saxeobrivi sistema. samkaulis motivi cxadyofs, rom nawarmoebis martiv, erTplanian kompoziciaSi, siuJetis iseT struqturaSi, sadac movlenebi erTmaneTs drouli TanamimdevrobiT mihyveba da paraleluri siuJeturi xazebi ar viTardeba, mravalplaniania calkeuli detalebi da gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi, naTqvamis miRma uTqmelia sawvdomi. calkeul siuJetur motivTa kavSiri nawarmoebSi esTetikuri principiT xorcieldeba. samkaulebis motivi ar gvexateba qristianuli simbolikis meqanikur gadmonergvad nawarmoebSi. igi metyvelebs epoqis mwerlobis, qristianuli saxismetyvelebis Rrma wvdomaze. iakob xucesi Txzavs, Zerwavs, SemoqmedebiTad exmianeba simbolur-saxeobriv beber bibliur azrovnebas, faqizad grZnobs masSi axali aRTqmiT Setanil niuansur cvlilebebs, konkretulisa da simboluris SerwymiT Zlier esTetikur efeqts aRwevs, dRevandeli racionalisturi epoqis adamiansac ki agrZnobinebs realur da irealur fenomenTa mijnaze mdgari Semoqmedis xatovani azrovnebis didebulebas. Cven winaSe wamoimarTeba didi xelovani, didi sibrZniTa da talantiT cxebuli. uneburad Cndeba kiTxva: rogori Zlieri da mdidari literaturuli tradiciebi unda uZRodes amgvar Semoqmedebas, saukunenaxevris winaT qristes rjulze moqceul ers sityvaSi gamovlenili esTetikuri azrovnebis ra kultura unda hqonoda, rom mexuTe saukuneSi SemoqmedebiTi azris aseTi formebi Seeqmna! iakob xucesis mwerluri stili nawarmoebis aRmqmelTa kvalificiur donezec metyvelebs. `SuSanikis wamebis~ mkiTxvelisa Tu msmenelisaTvis SinaarsiT unda yofiliyo datvirTuli es xatebi, didi unda yofiliyo maTi zemoqmedebis Zala. `SuSanikis wameba~ ueWveli dasturia imisa, rom bevrad adrea sagulvebeli dasabami im literaturul tradiciaTa, romelTa gareSe iakob xucesis talanti ver gamoanaTebda. erTi mwerali, rogori didebuli Semoqmedic unda iyos igi, am tradiciis gamgrZelebeli SeiZleba iyos da ara damwyebi. kompoziciis sqematurobam da siuJetur motivTa gansazRvrulobam, rogorc Cans, gamoiwvia daeWveba hagiografiuli mwerlobis mxatvruli Rirebulebis mimarT. cnobil literatorTa da mkvlevarTa Soris warmoiSva azri ara mxolod `SuSanikis wamebis~, aramed saerTod Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis sxva ZeglTa saero xasiaTis Sesaxebac. yofiTi detalebi, faqizi fsiqologiuri Canaxatebi ara Tu Seuferebeli ar aris hagiografiisaTvis, _ mis klasikur nimuSebSic mravlad gvxvdeba. cxovrebiseuli scenebi asaxulia ara mxolod qarTul hagiografiaSi. IV-V saukuneTa bizantiuri hagiografiuli Zeglebi metad sayuradReboa am mxriv. eqvTime aTonelis mier Targmnil `basili didis cxovrebaSi~ bizantiis sazogadoebrivi da kulturuli yofis farToO suraTia gaSlili. grigol nazianzelis, daxvewili sasuliero mwer-lisa da didi RvTismetyvelis, es nawarmoebi aZnelebs hagiografiuli mwerlobis Sesa- ZleblobebSi eWvis Setanas. paladi helenopolelis `lavsaikonSi~ yofiTi Temebia dakavSirebuli wmindanTa cxovrebasTan: asaxulia warCinebuli egviptelisa da qmriani qalis satrfialo Tavgadasavali, berebisa da eriskacTa sixarbe, patronisagan mxevlis gabaxeba; wminda bonifaciusis `wamebaSi~ siuJetur RerZs qmnis aglaidasa da bonifaciusis siyvaruli. wminda Tevdores wamebaSi ki naturalizmisaTvis Sesaferi dawvrilmanebiTaa gadmocemuli, Tu rogor zrdida mama daoblebul Cvil Tevdores, ifqlisa da qrTilis naxarSs, TafliT Sezavebuls, rogor awvdida WurWlidan, `romeli-igi saxed Zu- 60
Zuisa Seemzada, raÁTa wovnasa missa, viTarca ZuZui sZesa, egreTve igi miscemdes mas zomiersa da wesiersa sazrdelsa~ (sin. 62, gv. 65). saero Tematikis arseboba Janris bunebas ar gansazRvravs. saero mwerloba ganvi- Tarda samyaros modelis, adamianis Sesaxeb koncefciis, droisa da sivrcis kategoriaTa axleburi gaazrebis, xasiaTis Zerwvis, gansxvavebuli esTetikuri da msoflmxedvelobrivi principebis safuZvelze. antoni kaTalikosis mier `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ Setanili cvlilebebis kvlevam warmoSva Tvalsazrisi, rom am cvlilebaTa gareSe `SuSanikis wameba~ hagiografiul Janrs ar ganekuTvneboda. qarTulma hagiografiam V-dan XVIII saukunemde ganviTarebis rTuli gza ganvlo. antoni kaTalikosis, XVIII saukunis moRvawis mier `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ Setanili cvlilebebis kvleva mniSvnelovania antonis mravalferovani moRvaweobis, misi Tval- Taxedvis, `SuSanikis wamebasTan~ dakavSirebuli zogi istoriuli realiis gasaTvaliswineblad, magram ara _ misi Janruli specifikis gasarkvevad. reglamentirebis miuxedavad, hagiografiis principebi saukuneTa manZilze icvleboda. X saukuneSi, metafrastikis aRorZinebis xanaSi, sul sxva TvalsazrisiT xdeboda am ZeglTa gadasinjva. XVIII saukuneSi, mZlavri saero mwerlobis arsebobis xanaSi, gansxvavebuli iyo hagiografiuli mwerlobisadmi wayenebuli moTxovnilebani, vidre adrefeodalur xanaSi, saero mwerlobis Casaxvamde, rodesac hagiografias unda etvirTa beletristikis mTeli simZime. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom, erTi mxriv, Janri ufro myari iyo adreul Sua saukuneebSi, vidre antonis epoqaSi; meore mxriv, sagulisxmoa isic, rom antonis nayofier da mravalferovan moRvaweobas erTgvarad axasiaTebda konservatizmi. misi sami stilis Teoria Janrul zRudeTa moSlis saerTo tendenciis sapirispirod Cans. `SuSanikis wamebis~ Sesaxeb antoni pirvelis Tvalsazrisis gaziarebisas iseTive sifrTxile gvmarTebs, rogorc vekidebiT mis sxva Sexedulebebs da `amaod damSvralad~ ar miviCnevT rusTavels. qarTuli hagiografiis nimuSebis `wmida aleqsis cxovrebasTan~ Sedarebis Sedegad gamoiTqva Tvalsazrisi hagiografiulad miCneul qarTul ZeglTa saero xasiaTis Sesaxeb. `wmida aleqsis cxovreba~ Sua saukuneebSi metad popularuli nawarmoebi iyo aR-mosavlur Tu dasavlur qristianul samyaroSi, magram igi Cveni mwerlobis Janruli specifikis gasaTvaliswineblad ar gamogvadgeba, radgan igi nebayoflobiTi mar-tvilobis, TviTgvemis amsaxveli Txzulebaa. marTalia, `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ Tavs iCens nebayoflobiTi martvilobis, TviTgvemis Tema (sasTumlad alizi, Seuracxi qve- Sagebi, `maradis marxuloba~, `mRviZareba~, `zedgoma~, ZaZa da sxv.), magram nebayoflobiTi martviloba CvenSi ar danergila. qristianobis oficialur religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg bizantiaSi Sewyda qristianTa wameba da martvilobis Janrs `cxoreba-moqalaqoba~ Seenacvla. magram macxovris vnebaTa damowmebis survili TviTgvemisaken ubiZgebda mosavT. CvenSi sxva viTareba iyo. saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi CvenSi wamebas ar uCanda bolo. `cxoreba-moqalaqobis~ Janrs ganuwyvetliv enacvleboda wamebis Janri, radgan mwerloba exmianeboda realur yofas. rjulgadasvlis momTxovni ki CvenSi xan marzpani iyo, xan amira, xan ki Tavad Sah-abasi. saukuneTa manZilze, vidre erovnuli da sarwmunoebrivi idealebi erTmaneTs iyo gadajaWvuli, arc erT dampyrobels qarTveli erisaTvis erovnul RirsebaTa daTmoba ar mouTxovia, mudam sarwmunoebrivi gadagvareba iyo aqcentirebuli. qarTvelT TviTmartvilobis gareSec ar eSritebodaT SesaZlebloba sakuTari wamebiT qristes vnebaTa gaziarebisa da misi adamianuri bunebis damowmebisa. bizantiur mwerlobasTan mWidro da sasaxelo kontaqtis miuxedavad, qarTul hagiografias ganviTarebis Tavisi gza da Tavisi specifikuri saxe hqonda. hagiografia sasuliero mwerlobis erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli Janri iyo, igi exmaureboda sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis majiscemas. amitom qarTuli hagiografiis ZiriTadi Tavisebureba misi Rrmad erovnuli suliskveTebaa. ToTxmeti saukunis manZilze, mirian mefis droidan XVIII saukunis dasasrulamde, qarTvel xalxs farad da maxvilad hqonda qristianoba. erovnuli idealebi mWidrod daukavSirda sarwmunoebrivs. CvenSi 61
- Page 10 and 11: ne) zviadi maRalfardovnebisagan. io
- Page 12 and 13: ad aRmoCnda, rom igi RmerTia~. miwi
- Page 14 and 15: met xans rom grZeldeba, TiTqmis mTl
- Page 16 and 17: movediT, Zmano, STavixedneT saflavT
- Page 18 and 19: xedviT. Yyofiereba miCneulia sikeTe
- Page 20 and 21: mianiSnebs kaeSans, Rimili - naTels
- Page 22 and 23: axali drois Teologiuri azrovneba eT
- Page 24 and 25: nawarmoebi, mxolod esTetikuri TvalT
- Page 26 and 27: lis moxmareba ki ar ikrZaleba, aram
- Page 28 and 29: wmindanis ltolva wmindanobisaken, m
- Page 30 and 31: viT garejelis mowafe lukiane cxadad
- Page 32 and 33: arc mxolod TanamedroveTa zogadi dam
- Page 34 and 35: `cxovrebaTa~ gmiri Tavidanve nebayo
- Page 36 and 37: zurgs aqceven, uSurvelad gascemen q
- Page 38 and 39: X-XI ss-Si asketizmis esTetikis gam
- Page 40 and 41: SemosZarcvia suls, didi Zalisxmevis
- Page 42 and 43: `saSen masalad~ iSviaTad iyenebs ko
- Page 44 and 45: om, stereotipi nakli ki ar aris amg
- Page 46 and 47: azriT, `qarTuli hagiografiis dasawy
- Page 48 and 49: Zlieri damakavSirebeli rgoli iyo bi
- Page 50 and 51: ne Sesagragnelad mCuari wmidaÁ wmi
- Page 52 and 53: iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wameba~ 52
- Page 54 and 55: aris dakavSirebuli, wmindani uwmind
- Page 56 and 57: `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ hagiografiisaT
- Page 58 and 59: uli sulis gamarjveba xorcze. mowame
- Page 62 and 63: qristianobas ar darTvia mwvalebluri
- Page 64 and 65: mogvianebiT gaCndeba bzari samyaros
- Page 66 and 67: mentebi. idealisaken mimaval gzaze
- Page 68 and 69: vis, ucqire da daixsome, Wabuko~ 19
- Page 70 and 71: Cven sityvas aRar gavagrZelebT. vit
- Page 72 and 73: Sinagani konfliqtis Sinaarsis aspeq
- Page 74 and 75: sakiTxavTa Janrs am dros ukve garkv
- Page 76 and 77: igive unda iTqvas armazis msxvrevis
- Page 78 and 79: qristianoba saqarTveloSi. es ki mis
- Page 80 and 81: eikonuri anu xatisebri gansaxovneba
- Page 82 and 83: viT dagvirgvinebuli, dabla CamoSveb
- Page 84 and 85: om saerTod uarvyoT misi esTetikurob
- Page 86 and 87: zemore STagonebas mosdevs TviT macx
- Page 88 and 89: Tul enas saxarebaSi simbolurad laza
- Page 90 and 91: xile zeciT gardamo ubrwyinvalesi mz
- Page 92 and 93: eklesia aSenda mayvlovanSi, xolo qv
- Page 94 and 95: nian da movidian samoTxesa mas, da
- Page 96 and 97: `wminda ninos cxovrebis~ mTeli saxi
- Page 98 and 99: nebis Tavisuflebis kvalobaze, adami
- Page 100 and 101: veles yovlisa, qedmaRlobis qveS, ro
- Page 102 and 103: mas kibesa winamZRurobisasa aRiyvan
- Page 104 and 105: uar-yo... egeviTarman man ganTqumul
- Page 106 and 107: ZTaSi stumrad mosul berebs erTxel g
- Page 108 and 109: kefaliisaTvis gamarTul disputSi mon
Zuisa Seemzada, raÁTa wovnasa missa, viTarca ZuZui sZesa, egreTve igi miscemdes mas<br />
zomiersa da wesiersa sazrdelsa~ (sin. 62, gv. 65).<br />
saero Tematikis arseboba Janris bunebas ar gansazRvravs. saero mwerloba ganvi-<br />
Tarda samyaros modelis, adamianis Sesaxeb koncefciis, droisa da sivrcis kategoriaTa<br />
axleburi gaazrebis, xasiaTis Zerwvis, gansxvavebuli esTetikuri da msoflmxedvelobrivi<br />
principebis safuZvelze. antoni kaTalikosis mier `SuSanikis wamebaSi~<br />
Setanili cvlilebebis kvlevam warmoSva Tvalsazrisi, rom am cvlilebaTa gareSe<br />
`SuSanikis wameba~ hagiografiul Janrs ar ganekuTvneboda.<br />
qarTulma hagiografiam V-dan XVIII saukunemde ganviTarebis rTuli gza ganvlo.<br />
antoni kaTalikosis, XVIII saukunis moRvawis mier `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ Setanili cvlilebebis<br />
kvleva mniSvnelovania antonis mravalferovani moRvaweobis, misi Tval-<br />
Taxedvis, `SuSanikis wamebasTan~ dakavSirebuli zogi istoriuli realiis gasaTvaliswineblad,<br />
magram ara _ misi Janruli specifikis gasarkvevad. reglamentirebis miuxedavad,<br />
hagiografiis principebi saukuneTa manZilze icvleboda. X saukuneSi, metafrastikis<br />
aRorZinebis xanaSi, sul sxva TvalsazrisiT xdeboda am ZeglTa gadasinjva.<br />
XVIII saukuneSi, mZlavri saero mwerlobis arsebobis xanaSi, gansxvavebuli<br />
iyo hagiografiuli mwerlobisadmi wayenebuli moTxovnilebani, vidre adrefeodalur<br />
xanaSi, saero mwerlobis Casaxvamde, rodesac hagiografias unda etvirTa beletristikis<br />
mTeli simZime. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom, erTi mxriv, Janri ufro myari<br />
iyo adreul Sua saukuneebSi, vidre antonis epoqaSi; meore mxriv, sagulisxmoa isic,<br />
rom antonis nayofier da mravalferovan moRvaweobas erTgvarad axasiaTebda konservatizmi.<br />
misi sami stilis Teoria Janrul zRudeTa moSlis saerTo tendenciis sapirispirod<br />
Cans. `SuSanikis wamebis~ Sesaxeb antoni pirvelis Tvalsazrisis gaziarebisas<br />
iseTive sifrTxile gvmarTebs, rogorc vekidebiT mis sxva Sexedulebebs da<br />
`amaod damSvralad~ ar miviCnevT rusTavels.<br />
qarTuli hagiografiis nimuSebis `wmida aleqsis cxovrebasTan~ Sedarebis Sedegad<br />
gamoiTqva Tvalsazrisi hagiografiulad miCneul qarTul ZeglTa saero xasiaTis<br />
Sesaxeb. `wmida aleqsis cxovreba~ Sua saukuneebSi metad popularuli nawarmoebi<br />
iyo aR-mosavlur Tu dasavlur qristianul samyaroSi, magram igi Cveni mwerlobis<br />
Janruli specifikis gasaTvaliswineblad ar gamogvadgeba, radgan igi nebayoflobiTi<br />
mar-tvilobis, TviTgvemis amsaxveli Txzulebaa. marTalia, `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ Tavs<br />
iCens nebayoflobiTi martvilobis, TviTgvemis Tema (sasTumlad alizi, Seuracxi qve-<br />
Sagebi, `maradis marxuloba~, `mRviZareba~, `zedgoma~, ZaZa da sxv.), magram nebayoflobiTi<br />
martviloba CvenSi ar danergila.<br />
qristianobis oficialur religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg bizantiaSi Sewyda qristianTa<br />
wameba da martvilobis Janrs `cxoreba-moqalaqoba~ Seenacvla. magram macxovris<br />
vnebaTa damowmebis survili TviTgvemisaken ubiZgebda mosavT. CvenSi sxva viTareba<br />
iyo. saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi CvenSi wamebas ar uCanda bolo. `cxoreba-moqalaqobis~<br />
Janrs ganuwyvetliv enacvleboda wamebis Janri, radgan mwerloba exmianeboda<br />
realur yofas. rjulgadasvlis momTxovni ki CvenSi xan marzpani iyo, xan amira, xan<br />
ki Tavad Sah-abasi. saukuneTa manZilze, vidre erovnuli da sarwmunoebrivi idealebi<br />
erTmaneTs iyo gadajaWvuli, arc erT dampyrobels qarTveli erisaTvis erovnul<br />
RirsebaTa daTmoba ar mouTxovia, mudam sarwmunoebrivi gadagvareba iyo aqcentirebuli.<br />
qarTvelT TviTmartvilobis gareSec ar eSritebodaT SesaZlebloba sakuTari<br />
wamebiT qristes vnebaTa gaziarebisa da misi adamianuri bunebis damowmebisa.<br />
bizantiur mwerlobasTan mWidro da sasaxelo kontaqtis miuxedavad, qarTul hagiografias<br />
ganviTarebis Tavisi gza da Tavisi specifikuri saxe hqonda. hagiografia<br />
sasuliero mwerlobis erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli Janri iyo, igi exmaureboda<br />
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis majiscemas. amitom qarTuli hagiografiis ZiriTadi Tavisebureba<br />
misi Rrmad erovnuli suliskveTebaa. ToTxmeti saukunis manZilze, mirian<br />
mefis droidan XVIII saukunis dasasrulamde, qarTvel xalxs farad da maxvilad<br />
hqonda qristianoba. erovnuli idealebi mWidrod daukavSirda sarwmunoebrivs. CvenSi<br />
61
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