iii_tomi.pdf
iii_tomi.pdf iii_tomi.pdf
aris dakavSirebuli, wmindani uwminduri garemodan gasvlas cdilobs. amitom igi eZiebs `wmida miwas~, sivrcul garemoSi misi gadaadgileba aris wminda adgilTa `moxilva~, `mimoslva~, an uwminduri adgilidan gandgoma, udabnoSi, monasterSi, senakSi dayudeba, locvaTagan ganwmendil sakuTar sivrcul garemoSi SemozRudva. sagulisxmoa, rom SuSanikis sivrculi garemoa eklesia, `saxlaki erTi mcire~, `senaki mcire~. gansxvavebulia varsqenis sivrculi garemo. sivrcis Suasaukuneebrivi aRqma rom ni- Sandoblivia iakob xucesisaTvis, es vlindeba `ganborebuli dedakacis~ gankurnebis epizodSic. SuSanikma mas urCia: `mived ierusalÀmd da ganswmidne ganborebisa magisgan Senisa~. nawarmoebSi aqcentirebuli `Seni adgili dagitevebies~ da `moved adgilsa TÂssa~ meuRlis kanonier moTxovnasTan erTad garkveuli qveteqstis Semcvelia. kategoriulia varsqenisa da misi Suamavlebisadmi mimarTuli yoveli fraza SuSanikisa (`mokiTxvaÁ Seni Senadve moiqecin~, `nu iyofin Cemda, Tumca veziare saqmeTa da codvaTa varsqenisTa~, `umjobÀs ars Cemda sikudili, vidre Cemi da misi SekrebaÁ da warwymedaÁ sulisa CemisaÁ~, `da viTarca Sen Semoqmedi Seni uvar-hyav, egreca me Sen Seuracxgyav. da Tu mravali tanjvaÁ moawio Cem zeda, me ara veziaro saqmeTa SenTa~). SuSaniki pavle mociqulis epistoliTac adasturebs Tavisi poziciis siswores da dasZens: `ara damonebul ars ZmaÁ gina daÁ, aramed ganeyenen~. am kategoriul pasuxs mohyva kategoriuli Jesti. xasiaTis Zerwvis dRevandeli literaturuli principebidan Tu SevxedavT Wiqis Selewvis scenas, SuSaniks TavSeukaveblobad CamovarTmevT da asec moxda, magram sxvagvaria personaJis saxis gaazreba adreul Sua saukuneebSi. Sua saukuneTa xelovani xatavs zogadad adamians, dadebiT an uaryofiT gmirs. aRwerdnen adamianis gancdaTa calkeul gamovlinebebs, magram calkeuli qceva ar iyo gagebuli xasiaTis Tvisebad. dRevandeli poziciebidan ki uTuod Zneli iqneba pirovnebis gamovlinebad ar miviCnioT personaJis yoveli qceva. sinamdvilis uSualo gavleniT iWreboda msgavsi scenebi nawarmoebSi. mwerals ar hqonda gamiznuli Tavisi gmiris rTuli, winaaRmdegobrivi xasiaTis Cveneba. hagiografi `mravlisagan mcireds~ aRwerda. Wiqis Selewvis scena moxvda `mravlisagan mciredSi~, radgan igi wmindanis ukompromisobis dasturi iyo da amas garda hqonda nawarmoebSi sxva azrobrivi datvirTvac: jojikis colisagan Rvinis SeTavazeba garkveul konteqsts uqmnis nacemi SuSanikisaTvis iakobis mier RvinoSi Cambali puris SeTavazebas. Wiqis Selewva gamokveTs momdevno Rvinis sxva semantikas. gavixsenoT, rom iakobi `friad aiZulebdes~ nacvlad ambobs: `mcired vaiZule miRebad Wamadi~. episkoposTa moZRvnili am `Wamadidan~ iakobma RvinoSi Cambali puri miawoda SuSaniks. es detali ramdenime semantikuri funqciis matarebelia. RvinoSi Cambalma purma xucess saSualeba misca eCvenebina, rom SuSaniks `ybani da zogni kbilni STamusrvil~ hqonda. amasTanave es detali qristes sisxlisa da xorcis ziarebaze daiyvaneba (ix. pirveli korinTelTa, X, 16) da migvaniSnebs mowamis sulieri ganviTarebis gzaze. Semdeg iakob xucesi gvauwyebs, rom cixeSi SuSanikma `arca saWmeli raÁ miiRis, garna dResa xolo kÂriakesa eziaris Ãorcsa da sisxlsa qristÀs RmrTisa Cuenisasa~. Rvinis es ori SeTavazeba exmianeba axali aR- Tqmis muxlebs: `ver Ãel-gewifebis sasumeli uflisaÁ sumad da sasumeli eSmakTaÁ; ver Ãel-gewifebis tablasa uflisasa ziarebaÁ da tablasa eSmakTasa~ (pirveli korinTelTa, X, 21). TviTSemecnebis adrindeli wesi qristianobam individualuri `TeozisiT~ Secvala. RvTaebrivi logosis gansxeulebam, vnebam da aRdgomam gza dasaxa adamianis ganRmrTobisaken, misi cnobierebis amaRlebisaken. qristes vnebaTa mibaZva, mowameobrivi gza aris TviTSemecnebis qristianuli gza, individualuri `mes~ qristes kvalze svlisa da masTan SeerTebis gza; martvilis wmindanad qceva iyo qristianuli TviTSemecnebis, sulieri srulyofis, `Teozisis~ manifestacia. es unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli rogorc SuSanikis, aseve sxva martvilTa mxatvruli saxis gaxsnisas. martviloba qristes vnebaTa gaziarebas da damowmebas moaswavebda. sagulisxmoa, rom berZnuli mavrtu~, iseve rogorc qarTuli `mowame~, Tavdapirvelad aRniSnavda mowmes, 54
da Semdeg mieniWa wamebulis, martvilis mniSvneloba (dRevandeli `mowme~ re-duqciis Sedegad miRebulia `mowamisagan~). martvilni sakuTari tanjviT emowmebod-nen macxovris vnebebs, adasturebdnen RvTaebrivTan erTad mis adamianur bunebas da agreTve imas, rom adamianis misia warmaval RirebulebaTa miRma sulieri Rirebulebebisaken swrafva da sakuTar `me~-Si mTvlemare RvTaebrivi arsis gaRviZebaa. SuSanikis sulieri cxovrebis etapebi Seesatyviseba qristianuli xeldasxmis etapebs da am etapTa Sesabamisia siuJetis ganviTarebac. adreuli Sua saukuneebis mwerloba asaxavda konkretul istoriul faqtebs. hagiografebi istoriul pirs aRwerdnen, gvarwmunebdnen, rom `Tanadaxudomils~ an `sarwmuno kacTagan gagonils~ da `WeSmaritad Txrobils~ gvauwyebdnen. magram SemoqmedebiTi meTodi dokumenturobasTan erTad idealizacias iTxovda. deduqciuri meTodi warmarTavda SemoqmedebiT process. adamianis Sesaxeb Suasaukuneebrivi koncefcia gansazRvravda SemoqmedebiT meTods, warmmarTveli zogadi xati iyo da normatiul ideals uaxloebdnen gmiris saxes. amitomaa, rom Sua saukuneTa istorizmi idealizacias moiTxovs. uaryofiTi gmiris daxatvisas ki sapirispiro tendencia iCenda Tavs. `yovelive momiTxar~, _ mimarTavs SuSaniks iakob xucesi, magram, rogorc Cvenma istorikosebma cxadhyves, Tavad igi yovelives rodi mogviTxrobs, faqizad arCevs detalebs, zog istoriul faqtze dums, zogs asxvaferebs. iakob xucesis mier daxatuli varsqeni mexuTe saukunis pitiaxSze sastikic iyos egeb. iakob xucesi mowamis saxes xatavda da mas unda dapirispireboda mtarvali. `SuSanikis wameba~ erTiani mxatvruli sistemaa. misi poetika Taviseburia. avtori TviTmxilvelia aRwerili ambisa, magram bizantieli TviTmxilveli hagiografebisagan gansxvavebiT, igi personaJicaa, mas garkveuli roli ekisreba nawarmoebis kompoziciur struqturaSi, masTan damokidebulebaSi vlindebian gmirebi, misi saSualebiT ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs siuJeturi monakveTebi. iakob xucesi renesansis epoqis SemoqmedTa msgavsad `Cawerilia~ nawarmoebis kompoziciaSi, magram, maTgan gansxvavebiT, iakobisTvis ucxoa movlenaTa obieqturi Sefaseba, garegani perspeqtiva. Sinagani perspeqtiva warmarTavs nawarmoebis msoflmxedvelobriv, kompoziciur-stilur Sreebs. Sinagani perspeqtiva, mowamis poziciidan danaxva movlenisa, damaxasiaTebelia rogorc bizantiuri, ise qarTuli hagiografiisaTvis, saerTod Sua saukuneTa xelovnebisaTvis. iakob xucesis xedva adreul Sua saukuneTa xelovnebisTvisaa niSandoblivi. `SuSanikis wamebis~ erTplaniani, paraleluri siuJeturi xazebis gareSe warmar- Tuli kompozicia hagiografiis ganviTarebis adreuli etapisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. epoqis idealebs pozitiurisa da negatiuris dapirispirebis saSualebiT amkvidrebs iakobi. magram es ar aris mxolod ori personaJis dapirispireba. nawarmoebSi erTmaneTs upirispirdeba qristianoba da mazdeanoba, rwmena da urwmunoeba, maradiuli yofa da `sawuTo~ cxovreba, amaRlebuli sulieri miswrafebani da miwieri buneba, sulieri siZliere da fizikuri uxeSi Zala, `suliTa cxovel~ da `suliTa momkudar~ yofna, `didebaÁ RmrTisaÁ~ da `didebaÁ kacTaÁ~. kompoziciis wamyvani principia kontrastuloba. es ZiriTadi kompoziciuri principi nawarmoebSi vlindeba sxvadasxva doneze: gmirTa sapirispiro qcevebSi, nawarmoebis personaJebTan maT sapirispiro damokidebulebaSi, xazgasmiT sapirispiro tropebSi (`samgzis sanatreli~ da `samgzis sawyalobeli~, `mowame RmrTisaÁ~ da `mteri RmrTisaÁ~, `kravi~ da `mgeli~). kompoziciis am wamyvan princips safuZvels uqmnis qristianul msoflgagebaSi sikeTisa da borotebis, zecisa da miwis, maradiulobisa da dasabamieri drois dapirispireba. marTalia, qristianuli TvalTaxedviT sikeTisa da borotebis dapirispireba ontologiur plans ar exeba da borotebas substancia ar gaaCnia, magram ierarqiuli wyobis garkveuli safexuridan boroteba daSvebulia, rogorc pirovnebis TavisuflebisaTvis safuZvlis Semqmneli Zala. sikeTesa da borotebas Soris arCevani da borotebis daTrgunva pirovnebis ganviTarebis warmmarTvelia qristianobaSi. 55
- Page 4 and 5: S e s a v a l i `maswavleblis bibli
- Page 6 and 7: entaciasTan erTad, qarTul kulturas
- Page 8 and 9: RmerTi, `romeli hyofs simdablesa ma
- Page 10 and 11: ne) zviadi maRalfardovnebisagan. io
- Page 12 and 13: ad aRmoCnda, rom igi RmerTia~. miwi
- Page 14 and 15: met xans rom grZeldeba, TiTqmis mTl
- Page 16 and 17: movediT, Zmano, STavixedneT saflavT
- Page 18 and 19: xedviT. Yyofiereba miCneulia sikeTe
- Page 20 and 21: mianiSnebs kaeSans, Rimili - naTels
- Page 22 and 23: axali drois Teologiuri azrovneba eT
- Page 24 and 25: nawarmoebi, mxolod esTetikuri TvalT
- Page 26 and 27: lis moxmareba ki ar ikrZaleba, aram
- Page 28 and 29: wmindanis ltolva wmindanobisaken, m
- Page 30 and 31: viT garejelis mowafe lukiane cxadad
- Page 32 and 33: arc mxolod TanamedroveTa zogadi dam
- Page 34 and 35: `cxovrebaTa~ gmiri Tavidanve nebayo
- Page 36 and 37: zurgs aqceven, uSurvelad gascemen q
- Page 38 and 39: X-XI ss-Si asketizmis esTetikis gam
- Page 40 and 41: SemosZarcvia suls, didi Zalisxmevis
- Page 42 and 43: `saSen masalad~ iSviaTad iyenebs ko
- Page 44 and 45: om, stereotipi nakli ki ar aris amg
- Page 46 and 47: azriT, `qarTuli hagiografiis dasawy
- Page 48 and 49: Zlieri damakavSirebeli rgoli iyo bi
- Page 50 and 51: ne Sesagragnelad mCuari wmidaÁ wmi
- Page 52 and 53: iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wameba~ 52
- Page 56 and 57: `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ hagiografiisaT
- Page 58 and 59: uli sulis gamarjveba xorcze. mowame
- Page 60 and 61: qorwinebac. amave dros, `samkauli~
- Page 62 and 63: qristianobas ar darTvia mwvalebluri
- Page 64 and 65: mogvianebiT gaCndeba bzari samyaros
- Page 66 and 67: mentebi. idealisaken mimaval gzaze
- Page 68 and 69: vis, ucqire da daixsome, Wabuko~ 19
- Page 70 and 71: Cven sityvas aRar gavagrZelebT. vit
- Page 72 and 73: Sinagani konfliqtis Sinaarsis aspeq
- Page 74 and 75: sakiTxavTa Janrs am dros ukve garkv
- Page 76 and 77: igive unda iTqvas armazis msxvrevis
- Page 78 and 79: qristianoba saqarTveloSi. es ki mis
- Page 80 and 81: eikonuri anu xatisebri gansaxovneba
- Page 82 and 83: viT dagvirgvinebuli, dabla CamoSveb
- Page 84 and 85: om saerTod uarvyoT misi esTetikurob
- Page 86 and 87: zemore STagonebas mosdevs TviT macx
- Page 88 and 89: Tul enas saxarebaSi simbolurad laza
- Page 90 and 91: xile zeciT gardamo ubrwyinvalesi mz
- Page 92 and 93: eklesia aSenda mayvlovanSi, xolo qv
- Page 94 and 95: nian da movidian samoTxesa mas, da
- Page 96 and 97: `wminda ninos cxovrebis~ mTeli saxi
- Page 98 and 99: nebis Tavisuflebis kvalobaze, adami
- Page 100 and 101: veles yovlisa, qedmaRlobis qveS, ro
- Page 102 and 103: mas kibesa winamZRurobisasa aRiyvan
aris dakavSirebuli, wmindani uwminduri garemodan gasvlas cdilobs. amitom igi<br />
eZiebs `wmida miwas~, sivrcul garemoSi misi gadaadgileba aris wminda adgilTa `moxilva~,<br />
`mimoslva~, an uwminduri adgilidan gandgoma, udabnoSi, monasterSi, senakSi<br />
dayudeba, locvaTagan ganwmendil sakuTar sivrcul garemoSi SemozRudva. sagulisxmoa,<br />
rom SuSanikis sivrculi garemoa eklesia, `saxlaki erTi mcire~, `senaki mcire~.<br />
gansxvavebulia varsqenis sivrculi garemo. sivrcis Suasaukuneebrivi aRqma rom ni-<br />
Sandoblivia iakob xucesisaTvis, es vlindeba `ganborebuli dedakacis~ gankurnebis<br />
epizodSic. SuSanikma mas urCia: `mived ierusalÀmd da ganswmidne ganborebisa magisgan<br />
Senisa~. nawarmoebSi aqcentirebuli `Seni adgili dagitevebies~ da `moved adgilsa<br />
TÂssa~ meuRlis kanonier moTxovnasTan erTad garkveuli qveteqstis Semcvelia.<br />
kategoriulia varsqenisa da misi Suamavlebisadmi mimarTuli yoveli fraza SuSanikisa<br />
(`mokiTxvaÁ Seni Senadve moiqecin~, `nu iyofin Cemda, Tumca veziare saqmeTa da<br />
codvaTa varsqenisTa~, `umjobÀs ars Cemda sikudili, vidre Cemi da misi SekrebaÁ da<br />
warwymedaÁ sulisa CemisaÁ~, `da viTarca Sen Semoqmedi Seni uvar-hyav, egreca me Sen<br />
Seuracxgyav. da Tu mravali tanjvaÁ moawio Cem zeda, me ara veziaro saqmeTa SenTa~).<br />
SuSaniki pavle mociqulis epistoliTac adasturebs Tavisi poziciis siswores da<br />
dasZens: `ara damonebul ars ZmaÁ gina daÁ, aramed ganeyenen~. am kategoriul pasuxs<br />
mohyva kategoriuli Jesti.<br />
xasiaTis Zerwvis dRevandeli literaturuli principebidan Tu SevxedavT Wiqis<br />
Selewvis scenas, SuSaniks TavSeukaveblobad CamovarTmevT da asec moxda, magram<br />
sxvagvaria personaJis saxis gaazreba adreul Sua saukuneebSi. Sua saukuneTa xelovani<br />
xatavs zogadad adamians, dadebiT an uaryofiT gmirs. aRwerdnen adamianis gancdaTa<br />
calkeul gamovlinebebs, magram calkeuli qceva ar iyo gagebuli xasiaTis<br />
Tvisebad. dRevandeli poziciebidan ki uTuod Zneli iqneba pirovnebis gamovlinebad<br />
ar miviCnioT personaJis yoveli qceva. sinamdvilis uSualo gavleniT iWreboda msgavsi<br />
scenebi nawarmoebSi. mwerals ar hqonda gamiznuli Tavisi gmiris rTuli, winaaRmdegobrivi<br />
xasiaTis Cveneba. hagiografi `mravlisagan mcireds~ aRwerda. Wiqis Selewvis<br />
scena moxvda `mravlisagan mciredSi~, radgan igi wmindanis ukompromisobis<br />
dasturi iyo da amas garda hqonda nawarmoebSi sxva azrobrivi datvirTvac: jojikis<br />
colisagan Rvinis SeTavazeba garkveul konteqsts uqmnis nacemi SuSanikisaTvis iakobis<br />
mier RvinoSi Cambali puris SeTavazebas. Wiqis Selewva gamokveTs momdevno Rvinis<br />
sxva semantikas. gavixsenoT, rom iakobi `friad aiZulebdes~ nacvlad ambobs:<br />
`mcired vaiZule miRebad Wamadi~. episkoposTa moZRvnili am `Wamadidan~ iakobma<br />
RvinoSi Cambali puri miawoda SuSaniks. es detali ramdenime semantikuri funqciis<br />
matarebelia. RvinoSi Cambalma purma xucess saSualeba misca eCvenebina, rom SuSaniks<br />
`ybani da zogni kbilni STamusrvil~ hqonda. amasTanave es detali qristes sisxlisa<br />
da xorcis ziarebaze daiyvaneba (ix. pirveli korinTelTa, X, 16) da migvaniSnebs<br />
mowamis sulieri ganviTarebis gzaze. Semdeg iakob xucesi gvauwyebs, rom cixeSi<br />
SuSanikma `arca saWmeli raÁ miiRis, garna dResa xolo kÂriakesa eziaris Ãorcsa da<br />
sisxlsa qristÀs RmrTisa Cuenisasa~. Rvinis es ori SeTavazeba exmianeba axali aR-<br />
Tqmis muxlebs: `ver Ãel-gewifebis sasumeli uflisaÁ sumad da sasumeli eSmakTaÁ;<br />
ver Ãel-gewifebis tablasa uflisasa ziarebaÁ da tablasa eSmakTasa~ (pirveli korinTelTa,<br />
X, 21).<br />
TviTSemecnebis adrindeli wesi qristianobam individualuri `TeozisiT~ Secvala.<br />
RvTaebrivi logosis gansxeulebam, vnebam da aRdgomam gza dasaxa adamianis ganRmrTobisaken,<br />
misi cnobierebis amaRlebisaken. qristes vnebaTa mibaZva, mowameobrivi<br />
gza aris TviTSemecnebis qristianuli gza, individualuri `mes~ qristes kvalze svlisa<br />
da masTan SeerTebis gza; martvilis wmindanad qceva iyo qristianuli TviTSemecnebis,<br />
sulieri srulyofis, `Teozisis~ manifestacia. es unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
rogorc SuSanikis, aseve sxva martvilTa mxatvruli saxis gaxsnisas. martviloba<br />
qristes vnebaTa gaziarebas da damowmebas moaswavebda. sagulisxmoa, rom<br />
berZnuli mavrtu~, iseve rogorc qarTuli `mowame~, Tavdapirvelad aRniSnavda mowmes,<br />
54
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