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iakob xucesi da misi Txzuleba<br />
(nawyvetebi)<br />
45<br />
zurab sarjvelaZe<br />
korneli danelia<br />
elguja giunaSvili<br />
1. I periodis (V-X ss.) qarTuli mwerlobis xasiaTi. `SuSanikis wameba~ qarTuli<br />
originaluri mwerlobis uZvelesi Zeglia, romelmac Cvenamde moaRwia. ufro adrindeli<br />
qarTuli nawarmoebi jerjerobiT ar aris cnobili, rac, ra Tqma unda, ar gamoricxavs<br />
imas, rom V saukunis II naxevramde qarTuli sityvakazmuli mwerloba arsebobda.<br />
piriqiT, `SuSanikis wameba~ aris sabuTi imis samtkiceblad, rom qarTul<br />
mwerlobas garkveuli wanamZRvrebi aucileblad moepoveboda. JamTa siavem, gareSe<br />
mtrebis ganuwyvetelma Semosevebma, Sinaurma aSlilobam gamoiwvies is, rom adrindeli<br />
Zeglebi ar Cans.<br />
kargadaa cnobili, rom IV saukunis 30-ian wlebSi, 337 wlis maxloblad (i. javaxiSvili),<br />
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi oficialur sarwmunoebad qristianoba gamocxadda.<br />
es udidesi mniSvnelobis saxelmwifo aqti iyo, rogorc politikuri, ise socialuri,<br />
ekonomiuri da kulturuli TvalsazrisiT. n. janaSia samarTlianad miuTi-<br />
Tebs: `qristianuli sarwmunoebis miReba xels uwyobda qarTlsa da romis imperias<br />
Soris kavSiris ganmtkicebas, radgan es niSnavda iranul orientaciaze uaris Tqmas,<br />
brZolas iranuli politikuri da kulturuli gavlenis winaaRmdeg~ (saqarTvelos<br />
istoriis narkvevebi, II, Tb., 1973, gv. 70-71). aranaklebi mniSvneloba eniWeboda am aqts<br />
qveynis erTianobis ganmtkicebisaTvis: `qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadebiT<br />
mefe, da misi saxiT saxelmwifo, miznad isaxavda qveynis konsolidacias.<br />
erTian kults unda SeemWidroebina qveynis sxvadasxva nawili, ganemtkicebina centraluri<br />
xelisuflebis Zalaufleba~ (iqve). sruliad gansakuTrebuli roli iTamaSa<br />
qristianobam qarTuli samwerlobo enisa da qarTuli literaturis ganviTarebaSi (k.<br />
kekeliZe, qarTuli kulturis ori dRe-saswauli, `mnaTobi~, 1929, # 5, gv. 160).<br />
qarTuli saliteraturo enis daxvewisa da misi ganviTarebisaTvis udidesi mniSvneloba<br />
eniWeboda bibliis (Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebis) Targmanebs, Sesrulebuls<br />
IV-V saukuneebSi, agreTve originalursa da sxva naTargmn Zeglebs.<br />
V saukunidan XI saukunemde qarTul mwerlobaSi ZiriTadi sasuliero Tematika<br />
iyo (mas erT-erTi wamyvani adgili eWira saero literaturis Seqmnis Semdegac, XIX<br />
saukunemde). rogorc cnobilia, Zveli qarTuli mwerloba oTx periodad iyofa: I _<br />
dRidan mwerlobis Casaxvisa X s-is 80-ian wlebamde (adrindeli feodalizmis xanis<br />
qarTuli literatura), II _ meaTe s-is 80-iani wlebidan XIII s-is naxevramde (ganviTarebuli,<br />
an patronymuri feodalizmis xanis qarTuli literatura), III _ mecamete saukunis<br />
II naxevridan XV s-is CaTvliT (feodaluri monarqiis dacemis xanis qarTuli<br />
literatura), IV _ meTeqvsmete s-is dasawyisidan XVIII saukunis bolomde (mogviano,<br />
an batonymuri feodalizmis xanis qarTuli mwerloba, mas aRorZinebis xanis mwerlobasac<br />
uwodeben) (k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, Tb., 1980, gv.<br />
42-67).<br />
Zveli qarTuli literaturis I periodSi wamyvani Janri hagiografia iyo (hagiografia<br />
berZnuli sityvaa. hagios _ `wminda~, grafia `aRwera~). hagiografia aris sasuliero<br />
mwerlobis dargi, romelSic asaxulia wmindanebis cxovreba, an maTi wameba.<br />
amis Sesabamisad gamoiyofa ori qveJanri: `cxovrebani~, anu iseTi nawarmoebebi, romlebic<br />
mogviTxroben qristianuli moZRvrebis erTgul pirTa cxovrebisa da Rvawlis<br />
Sesaxeb (aseTia, magaliTad, `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~) da `wamebani~, anu iseTi<br />
nawarmoebebi, romlebSic aRwerilia qristianobisaTvis Tavdadebul pirTa mowameobrivi<br />
sikvdili (aseTTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba `SuSanikis wameba~).<br />
qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerloba IV saukuneSi unda Casaxuliyo. k. kekeliZis
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