iii_tomi.pdf
iii_tomi.pdf iii_tomi.pdf
`cxovrebaTa~ gmiri Tavidanve nebayoflobiT dgeba SeWirveba-cremlis gzaze (tanjvis ganmawmindavebeli, sakraluri gageba), Tavisufali nebiT ixvedrebs, itvirTebs tanjvas. mesame sxvaoba: `cxorebaTa~ gmiri wmindanis ampluas marto tanjvaze gamarjvebiT ar mieaxleba. Sinagan brZolis sarbielze mxedrulad warmatebuli asketis Zalmosileba sazogadoebriv-kulturul asparezzec ixarjeba. amis kvalobaze, `cxorebaTa~ gmiris samoqmedo asparezi ufro masStaburia rogorc sivrciTi, ise droiTi TvalsazrisiT, mravalplanovania aRsrulebul saqmeTa mixedviT. idealTan miaxlebis gzebis gansxvavebulobas mohyveba sxvaoba nawarmoebTa mxatvrul organizaciaSi. `wamebaTa~ arqiteqtonikaSi ideuri Sinaarsis simZime ZiriTadad fsiqologiur siuJets awevs. `cxorebaTa~ tipis nawarmoebSi es tvirTi gadanawilebulia (faqtobrivi siuJetis rolic mniSvnelovania). `wameba~ kompoziciurad ufro Sekrulia, xolo `cxovrebis~ kompozicia ufro myifea. * * * hagiografiuli gmiri gardaqmnis gzaze mavali da gardaqmnili adamiania. wmindanobis gza Semoqmedebis gzaa, wmindani – Semoqmedia. `qristianuli anTropologia varaudobs, rom gamoxsnili adamiani (`wmindani~) – es gardaqmnili adamiania~ (diakoni a. kuraevi). jer kidev basili kesarielis TxzulebebSi sWvivis is azri, rom xati RvTisa aris amocana, garduvaloba imisa, rom adamianma xorci Seasxas sakuTar TavSi CaTesil SemoqmedebiT sawyiss, RvTisaTvis niSneuli siyvarulis grZnobiT miemarTebodes yvelas. grigol noseli, nemesios emeseli, basili selevkieli, Teodorite kvireli, gansakuTrebiT, grigol palama weren adamianis mravalmxrivi SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb. SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis specifikuri, erTob sagulisxmo nayofieri sarbielia bermonazvnoba. igi, wm. grigol palamas TvalsazrisiT, aris `Tavis garSemo sikeTisa da siyvarulis atmosferos Seqmna da gavrceleba... unda gvaxsovdes uzarmazari Zala asketizmisa, romlis ZaliTac irgvliv grovdeba da ganefineba sulieri energia, Tavmdabloba da siyvaruli~. asketuri Rvawli xom bunebaze adamianis gamarjvebis triumfia. Cven zemoT ukve movixmeT ioane sinelis swavleba: `sada bunebis ZlevaÁ iqmna, mun ueWuelad bunebisa igi uzesTaesi daemkvidra~. xazgasmuli sityvebi xom imas niSnavs, rom aseT adamianSi RmerTi Semosula, `damkvidrebula~, mokvdavSi ukvdavis xati gacxadebula. Semoqmedeba aseT SemTxvevaSi ukve mwvervalTanaa miaxloebuli, xolo miaxloebulia bunebriv aucileblobaTa dajabvniT, vnebebze gamarjvebiT, saTnoebaTa gaRviZebiT. vl. loski ambobs: `berZnuli sityvis µεTϖτα (sinanuli. – g. f.) zusti mniSvnelobaa `azrebis Secvla~, `gonebis Secvla~. esaa `meore aRorZineba, romelsac ufali gviZRvnis Cven naTlisRebis Semdgom, SesaZlebloba, rom mivbrundeT masTan, gasvla Tavisi Tavidan (bunebrivis artaxebidan. – g. f.), Zala, romliTac icvleba Cveni buneba~. asketuri brZola vnebebTan, saTnoebaTa saWurveliT rom aRsruldeba, Semoqmedebaa, viTarca axali, xelTuqmneli sinamdvilis damkvidreba arafrisgan (aramaterialurisagan, siyvaruliT qmnadoba) da arafrisaTvis (miwier-praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT). arsebobis sawyisTa da sicocxlis sazrisis gaRrmavebul Ziebas, roca igi vnebaTagan ganwmendasTanaa SeerTebuli, aucileblad mohyveba RvTaebrivi energiiT aRWurva, `Zueli kacis~ kvdoma da axlis dabadeba (rogorc mociquli gvaswavlis) asketis pirovnebaSi~. `adamianma Tavis TavSi CaRrmavebisas TandaTan unda uaryos saku- Tari yalbi aqtiuroba da am uaryofisas moipovos sxvagvari, ufro maRali aqtiuroba RvTisa~ (ratcingeris dasaxelebuli naSromi). es aris aqtiuroba, romelic codviT dacemamde xelewifeboda kacs da romelsac codvaTa mokvdinebiT kvlav ibrunebs asketi. ibrunebs `SuSanikis wamebis~ mTavari gmiri, raki ar ixsnis borkilebs, romelTagan misi ganTavisuflebis nebarTva ukve moipova jojikma; ibrunebs wm. abibos nekreseli, raki uars eubneba TanamoZmeT sparselTa xelidan gamoxsnaze (`abibos nekreselis martviloba~, X s.); imave simaRlemde aubijebia, gardauqmnia kacuri buneba wm. abo tfilels, roca jalaTebma `sces mas maxÂliTa samgzis, rameTu hgoneb- 34
des, viTarmed SiSiTa sikvdilisaÁTa ganaSoron igi qristesa. xolo wmidaÁ igi martvili dumiliT mxned miiTualvida maxÂlsa, vidremdis Sehvedra suli TÂsi ufalsa~. mxolod adamianuri bunebis ZalisxmeviT aseTi `saqmeebi~ ver aRsruldeba. aq adamianuri buneba saxecvlilia, kacSi RmerTia Semosuli. aseT wuTebSi kiafobs `Rimili cremlebSi~. cremlebi xorcielebis tanjvis eqoa, SeWirvebisa, miwieris zeciurad transformacias rom gamouwvevia; xolo Rimili im sixaruls gagvicxadebs, martvilma rom zecas miabjina kibe. aseTi situaciebi imgvari Semoqmedebis mibaZvaa, ragvarsac jvarcmis situaciaSi Wvreten. `suli gvaswavlis Cven, rom jvarze sikvdilis saidumloSi davinaxoT gadasvla pirveli Sesaqmidan meoreze, egoizmidan – siyvarulze~ (J. korboni). `pirveli Sesaqme~ uzenaesi Semoqmedisagan samyaros Seqmnaa. rogorc vxedavT, uzenaesi Semoqmedebis am pirvel aqts gverdiT uyeneben, aseTive faseulobisa da `xarisxis~ Semoqmedebad miiCneven jvarcmis aqts, roca egoizmiT Sebo- Wili, dasazRvruli miwieri bunebis artaxebi dawyvita siyvarulma da, amis kvalobaze, xrwnad bunebas uxrwnelad ucvala saxe. egoizmiT, praqticizmiT Sekrul-SeboWil miwier bunebas ase miuaxloveben RvTaebrivs grigol xanZTeli, ioane, eqvTime da Tornike aTonelebi, giorgi aToneli da `cxovrebaTa~ sxva personaJebi. grigoli orgzis gaawbilebs mefe-didebulTa Txovnas, ekurTxos episkoposad. wm. ioane mTawmindelma mxedarTmTavrobis pativi da `raodenica raÁ ars amis soflisaÁ sruliad moiZula~, `kurTxevaÁ monazonebisaÁ miiRo da morCilebasa misca Tavi TÂsi~. ulumbos monasterSi ki guSindelma mxedarTmTavarma `JamTa aramciredTa jorTa msaxurebisa Ruawli axovnad Tavs-dva~. wm. eqvTime mTawmidelma bizantiis imperatoris Txovna etvirTa kviprosis mTavarepiskoposoba _ar Seiwynara. wm. giorgi mTawmindeli mTawmindaze rom mivida, `misca Tavi TÂsi msaxurebasa da morCilebasa ZmaTasa~, misca iseTis guliTadobiT, rom wlebis manZilze `litoni da uswavlelic~ ki egonaT. `siwmide~ da `simdablis~ saTnoeba SeaZlebinebs epifanes, grigol xanZTelis mowafes, `nebisaebr TÂsisa~ ganagos siamayis vneba, saxe ucvalos miwier bunebas, iyos Tavis ufali (ix. aqve statia _ `TviTdamdablebis gziT _ amaRlebisaken~). wminda mamebi gvaswavlian: Semoqmeds swored Semoqmedebis niWiT emsgavseba adamiani. kiTxvaze, _ risi SeqmnisTvisaa adamiani xmobili am qveynad? – wm. grigol palama upasuxebda: _ `Seqmnas, upirveles yovlisa, Tavisi sakuTari cxovreba~. Tavisuflebis saWurveliT aRWurvili epifane xanZTeli simdable-morCilebis saTnoebis navTsayudelSi qmnis, aSenebs Tavis `sakuTar cxovrebas~, axal, saukeTeso `mes~ (mxatvari, Tavisi Tavisa, rogorc amas qvemoT vaCvenebT). merCule garkveviT gveubneba, rom aseTi feriscvaleba bunebrivisa zebunebrivisaken epifanem SeiZlo suliwmidis madliT. xolo suliwmida, rogorc cnobilia, qristianuli msoflgancdisaTvis swored Semoqmedebis saTavea. Tu sarwmunoa, rom hagiografiuli gmiri, wmindani, miwier bunebas gardaqmnis RvTaebrivis Semsgavsebulad, aqedan logikurad gamomdinareobs, rom wmindanobasTan miaxleba silamazesTan, uzenaes mSvenierebasTan miaxlebaa. `monazvnis mkacri wesi cxovrebisa aucileblad unda dagvirgvindes gamouTqmeli maradiuli tkbobiT. amaSia erT-erTi mniSvnelovani esTetikuri aspeqti qristianuli asketikisa, romelic ar scnobs asketizmis TavisTavad faseulobas, asketizms asketizmisaTvis~ (В. Бычков, 2000 лет христианской культуры. Т. 2). ukve IV saukuneSi wm. grigol noseli miuTiTebda: iyo xati RvTisa, `niSnavs SesaZleblobas, iyo mSvenieri~. xolo wm. makari megvipteli ambobda: qristianoba aris `movlineba axali da mSvenieri adamianisa~ (homilia XIV), miznad isaxavs, aRudginos kacs `pirveladi silamaze~ (homilia V). amitom Seaqcies maT zurgi saero cxovrebas da daewafnen `utkbiles sakvebs~, eniT gamouTqmel zeciur silamazes, romelic maT TviT RmerTma uboZa (homilia VII). bunebrivia, roca wmida mamebi adamianis silamazeze saubroben, maTi yuradReba ZiriTadad sulis mSvenierebazea mipyrobili. netari avgustine adamianis mSvenierebas maRalzneobriv azrebsa da qcevebSi xedavda. saTnoebani, ambobda igi, suls amSveniereben, xolo codvebi amaxinjeben mas. e. i. esTetikuri da eTikuri erwymian erTmaneTs. aseTi TvalTaxedva niSneulia qristianuli msoflmxedvelobisaTvis. asketni 35
- Page 2 and 3: g a m o c d e b i s e r o v n u l i
- Page 4 and 5: S e s a v a l i `maswavleblis bibli
- Page 6 and 7: entaciasTan erTad, qarTul kulturas
- Page 8 and 9: RmerTi, `romeli hyofs simdablesa ma
- Page 10 and 11: ne) zviadi maRalfardovnebisagan. io
- Page 12 and 13: ad aRmoCnda, rom igi RmerTia~. miwi
- Page 14 and 15: met xans rom grZeldeba, TiTqmis mTl
- Page 16 and 17: movediT, Zmano, STavixedneT saflavT
- Page 18 and 19: xedviT. Yyofiereba miCneulia sikeTe
- Page 20 and 21: mianiSnebs kaeSans, Rimili - naTels
- Page 22 and 23: axali drois Teologiuri azrovneba eT
- Page 24 and 25: nawarmoebi, mxolod esTetikuri TvalT
- Page 26 and 27: lis moxmareba ki ar ikrZaleba, aram
- Page 28 and 29: wmindanis ltolva wmindanobisaken, m
- Page 30 and 31: viT garejelis mowafe lukiane cxadad
- Page 32 and 33: arc mxolod TanamedroveTa zogadi dam
- Page 36 and 37: zurgs aqceven, uSurvelad gascemen q
- Page 38 and 39: X-XI ss-Si asketizmis esTetikis gam
- Page 40 and 41: SemosZarcvia suls, didi Zalisxmevis
- Page 42 and 43: `saSen masalad~ iSviaTad iyenebs ko
- Page 44 and 45: om, stereotipi nakli ki ar aris amg
- Page 46 and 47: azriT, `qarTuli hagiografiis dasawy
- Page 48 and 49: Zlieri damakavSirebeli rgoli iyo bi
- Page 50 and 51: ne Sesagragnelad mCuari wmidaÁ wmi
- Page 52 and 53: iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wameba~ 52
- Page 54 and 55: aris dakavSirebuli, wmindani uwmind
- Page 56 and 57: `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ hagiografiisaT
- Page 58 and 59: uli sulis gamarjveba xorcze. mowame
- Page 60 and 61: qorwinebac. amave dros, `samkauli~
- Page 62 and 63: qristianobas ar darTvia mwvalebluri
- Page 64 and 65: mogvianebiT gaCndeba bzari samyaros
- Page 66 and 67: mentebi. idealisaken mimaval gzaze
- Page 68 and 69: vis, ucqire da daixsome, Wabuko~ 19
- Page 70 and 71: Cven sityvas aRar gavagrZelebT. vit
- Page 72 and 73: Sinagani konfliqtis Sinaarsis aspeq
- Page 74 and 75: sakiTxavTa Janrs am dros ukve garkv
- Page 76 and 77: igive unda iTqvas armazis msxvrevis
- Page 78 and 79: qristianoba saqarTveloSi. es ki mis
- Page 80 and 81: eikonuri anu xatisebri gansaxovneba
- Page 82 and 83: viT dagvirgvinebuli, dabla CamoSveb
`cxovrebaTa~ gmiri Tavidanve nebayoflobiT dgeba SeWirveba-cremlis gzaze (tanjvis<br />
ganmawmindavebeli, sakraluri gageba), Tavisufali nebiT ixvedrebs, itvirTebs tanjvas.<br />
mesame sxvaoba: `cxorebaTa~ gmiri wmindanis ampluas marto tanjvaze gamarjvebiT<br />
ar mieaxleba. Sinagan brZolis sarbielze mxedrulad warmatebuli asketis<br />
Zalmosileba sazogadoebriv-kulturul asparezzec ixarjeba. amis kvalobaze, `cxorebaTa~<br />
gmiris samoqmedo asparezi ufro masStaburia rogorc sivrciTi, ise droiTi<br />
TvalsazrisiT, mravalplanovania aRsrulebul saqmeTa mixedviT.<br />
idealTan miaxlebis gzebis gansxvavebulobas mohyveba sxvaoba nawarmoebTa mxatvrul<br />
organizaciaSi. `wamebaTa~ arqiteqtonikaSi ideuri Sinaarsis simZime ZiriTadad<br />
fsiqologiur siuJets awevs. `cxorebaTa~ tipis nawarmoebSi es tvirTi gadanawilebulia<br />
(faqtobrivi siuJetis rolic mniSvnelovania). `wameba~ kompoziciurad ufro<br />
Sekrulia, xolo `cxovrebis~ kompozicia ufro myifea.<br />
* * *<br />
hagiografiuli gmiri gardaqmnis gzaze mavali da gardaqmnili adamiania. wmindanobis<br />
gza Semoqmedebis gzaa, wmindani – Semoqmedia. `qristianuli anTropologia<br />
varaudobs, rom gamoxsnili adamiani (`wmindani~) – es gardaqmnili adamiania~ (diakoni<br />
a. kuraevi). jer kidev basili kesarielis TxzulebebSi sWvivis is azri, rom xati<br />
RvTisa aris amocana, garduvaloba imisa, rom adamianma xorci Seasxas sakuTar<br />
TavSi CaTesil SemoqmedebiT sawyiss, RvTisaTvis niSneuli siyvarulis grZnobiT miemarTebodes<br />
yvelas. grigol noseli, nemesios emeseli, basili selevkieli, Teodorite<br />
kvireli, gansakuTrebiT, grigol palama weren adamianis mravalmxrivi SemoqmedebiTi<br />
saqmianobis Sesaxeb.<br />
SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis specifikuri, erTob sagulisxmo nayofieri sarbielia<br />
bermonazvnoba. igi, wm. grigol palamas TvalsazrisiT, aris `Tavis garSemo sikeTisa<br />
da siyvarulis atmosferos Seqmna da gavrceleba... unda gvaxsovdes uzarmazari Zala<br />
asketizmisa, romlis ZaliTac irgvliv grovdeba da ganefineba sulieri energia, Tavmdabloba<br />
da siyvaruli~. asketuri Rvawli xom bunebaze adamianis gamarjvebis triumfia.<br />
Cven zemoT ukve movixmeT ioane sinelis swavleba: `sada bunebis ZlevaÁ iqmna,<br />
mun ueWuelad bunebisa igi uzesTaesi daemkvidra~. xazgasmuli sityvebi xom imas niSnavs,<br />
rom aseT adamianSi RmerTi Semosula, `damkvidrebula~, mokvdavSi ukvdavis xati<br />
gacxadebula. Semoqmedeba aseT SemTxvevaSi ukve mwvervalTanaa miaxloebuli, xolo<br />
miaxloebulia bunebriv aucileblobaTa dajabvniT, vnebebze gamarjvebiT, saTnoebaTa<br />
gaRviZebiT. vl. loski ambobs: `berZnuli sityvis µεTϖτα (sinanuli. – g. f.) zusti mniSvnelobaa<br />
`azrebis Secvla~, `gonebis Secvla~. esaa `meore aRorZineba, romelsac<br />
ufali gviZRvnis Cven naTlisRebis Semdgom, SesaZlebloba, rom mivbrundeT masTan,<br />
gasvla Tavisi Tavidan (bunebrivis artaxebidan. – g. f.), Zala, romliTac icvleba Cveni<br />
buneba~. asketuri brZola vnebebTan, saTnoebaTa saWurveliT rom aRsruldeba, Semoqmedebaa,<br />
viTarca axali, xelTuqmneli sinamdvilis damkvidreba arafrisgan (aramaterialurisagan,<br />
siyvaruliT qmnadoba) da arafrisaTvis (miwier-praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT).<br />
arsebobis sawyisTa da sicocxlis sazrisis gaRrmavebul Ziebas, roca igi<br />
vnebaTagan ganwmendasTanaa SeerTebuli, aucileblad mohyveba RvTaebrivi energiiT<br />
aRWurva, `Zueli kacis~ kvdoma da axlis dabadeba (rogorc mociquli gvaswavlis) asketis<br />
pirovnebaSi~. `adamianma Tavis TavSi CaRrmavebisas TandaTan unda uaryos saku-<br />
Tari yalbi aqtiuroba da am uaryofisas moipovos sxvagvari, ufro maRali aqtiuroba<br />
RvTisa~ (ratcingeris dasaxelebuli naSromi). es aris aqtiuroba, romelic codviT<br />
dacemamde xelewifeboda kacs da romelsac codvaTa mokvdinebiT kvlav ibrunebs<br />
asketi. ibrunebs `SuSanikis wamebis~ mTavari gmiri, raki ar ixsnis borkilebs,<br />
romelTagan misi ganTavisuflebis nebarTva ukve moipova jojikma; ibrunebs wm. abibos<br />
nekreseli, raki uars eubneba TanamoZmeT sparselTa xelidan gamoxsnaze (`abibos<br />
nekreselis martviloba~, X s.); imave simaRlemde aubijebia, gardauqmnia kacuri buneba<br />
wm. abo tfilels, roca jalaTebma `sces mas maxÂliTa samgzis, rameTu hgoneb-<br />
34
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