iii_tomi.pdf
iii_tomi.pdf iii_tomi.pdf
maRali mowodebis, kvali. don kixotis mizani usasyidlo sikeTis Tesva, borotebis winaaRmdeg brZola da xalxis Tavdadebuli samsaxuria. faqtobrivad igive SeiZleba iTqvas oilenSpigelzec: isic TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZoli saxalxo gmiria. isic don kixotiviT, erTi SexedviT, umweoa, `uiaraRoa~. orive, rogorc wesi, mudmivad zaraldeba _ don kixoti araerTxel xdeba dacinvisa da Seuracxyofis sagani, oilen- Spigeli ki xan saxrCobelis win dgas da xan inkviziciis klanWebSia. orive faqtobrivad martoa da martodmarto ebrZvis borotebas. aTasi faTerakisa da dabrkolebis miuxedavad, arc erTi maTgani arc erTxel guls ar itexs da Tavisi idealebis erTguli rCeba. don kixotica da oilenSpigelic gamudmebiT daxetialeben kuTxidan kuTxeSi, qveynidan qveyanaSi da sikeTisa da samarTlianobisaTvis ibrZvian. garegnuli niSnebiTve iwyeba sanCo pansasa da lame guZakis msgavsebac: orive dabalia, msuqani, biologiuri komizmiT Semkuli, arc erTi ar iziarebs `patronis~ ma- Ral idealebs. sanCo Tavisi ususurobiT, mxdali xasiaTiT mudam Rimils iwvevs mkiTxvelSi da Tavisi miwieri moTxovnilebebiT upirispirdeba don kixots. rainduli idealebi misTvis ucxo da gaugebaria, magram lamanCelis maRal daniSnulebas intuiciiT mainc mTeli arsebiT grZnobs da gverdidan ar Sordeba, cdilobs, rogorc SeuZlia, daifaros gareSeTa Tavdasxmebisagan, xandaxan ki rogorc bavSvs, ise uvlis mas. igi ufro xalxuri SemoqmedebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel komikur tips warmoadgens, romlisTvisac qveynis sazrunavze ufro maRla piradi keTildReoba dgas. lamesTvisac aseve gaugebaria oilenSpigelis gauTavebeli xetialis mizani _ Tavisuflebisa da samarTlianobisaTvis brZola; masac sanCosaviT mxolod yoveldRiuri, saWirboroto yofiTi problemebi aRelvebs da isic Tavis Tavze ufro zrunavs, vidre sazogadoebis keTildReobaze. arc lame gamoirCeva gansakuTrebuli rainduli RirsebebiT da isic Tavisi individualuri TvisebebiT iseve upirispirdeba Tavisuflebismoyvare oilenSpigels, rogorc sanCo _ don kixots. isic iumoristuli xerxebiT daxatuli personaJia, romelic folkloruli teqstebidan `gadmosuli~ gmiris STabeWdilebas tovebs (cnobilia, rom Sarl de kosterma Tavisi romani flandriul fablioebsa da germanul Svankebze dayrdnobiT Seqmna). servantesisa da kosteris romanebSi moxetiale wyvilis models daaxloebiT er- Tgvari mxatvruli funqcia akisria. orive nawarmoebSi keTilSobili mogzaurebi araerTxel xvdebian komikur situaciebSi da mwerlebic ZiriTadad iumoristulad aRweren maT Tavgadasavlebs. moxetiale wyvilis orive wevri damoukidebeli, Camoyalibebuli literaturuli xasiaTia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maTi `erTad yofna~ kidev ufro kargad gamoxatavs maTs gansxvavebulobas, TiToeulis xasiaTs. don kixotisa da til oilenSpigelis msgavsad, ioane xelaSvilic mTeli nawarmoebis manZilze mogzaurobs kuTxidan kuTxeSi da yovel Semxvedrs uxsnis, aswavlis, exmareba, magram Tavisi simarTlismoyvare, principuli xasiaTis gamo xSirad TviTonve zaraldeba. espaneli da flandrieli gmirebis msgavsad isic sikeTes Tesavs da maTsaviT xSirad isjeba: `am sabralo berma sadac ra qadageba anu hswavla daTesa, momkis magier joxi, muSti, wveris gleja da anaforis daxevis meti vera moimko-ra~, _ ambobs mis Sesaxeb misi Tanamgzavri zuraba; erT-erT morig maspinZels ki ase mimarTavs: `batono mouravo, Tu es Tqveni saxelo kaci moZRvrebas ar daiSlis, vgoneb aRarc weli SerCes cemiT da aRarc wveri glejiT~. maRali moraluri principebis gamo ioanec iseve xSirad xdeba Seuracxyofisa da damcirebis obieqti, rogorc don kixoti da oilenSpigeli. sayuradReboa is detalic, rom am komikuri situaciebis dros Tanxvedra am mweralTa gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebSic SeiniSneba (kerZod, TvalSi sacemia mTavari gmiris gaficxebis iumoristuli aRwera, ramac mkiTxvels SeiZleba SecdomiT afiqrebinos, rom avtori dascinis sakuTar personaJs), ioane bers iseve, rogorc moxetiale wyvilis modelSia, gverdiT mxlebeli hyavs _ zuraba RambaraSvili, romelic Tavisi komizmiT sanCo pansasa da lame guZaks mogvagonebs. zurabac iseve usasyidlod da uangarod emsaxureba bers, rogorc sanCo _ 330
don kixotsa da lame _ oilenSpigels. isic sanCosa da lamesaviT ar iziarebs zogadsakacobrio, maRal idealebs da ar monawileobs ioanes diskusiebSi; piriqiT, mecnieruli saubrebis dros araerTxel SeniSnavs, sadilis an vaxSmobis dro movida da am bers rom vuyuroT, mSieri davrCebiTo. oxunjobisa Tu dacinvis miuxedavad, isic sanCosa da lamesaviT pativiscemiT eqceva `patrons~ da zrunavs masze. glexi TiTqos intuiciiT grZnobs ioanes gansakuTrebul daniSnulebas da amitomac emsaxureba mas uangarod, uvlis da kidec mfarvelobs araerTgzis daCagrul Tanamgzavrs. zurabac TiTqos sanCosa da, gansakuTrebiT, lame guZakiviT pirdapir xalxuri Semoqmedebidan gadmosuli tipia, masac nacarqeqiasaviT xelis ganZreva ezareba da Sromas kardakar siaruli urCevnia. Tavisi uprincipo xasiaTiTa da dabali inteleqtiT zuraba iseve upirispirdeba ioanes, rogorc sanCo _ lamanCels da lame _ oilenSpigels. zuraba ambobs ioanes Sesaxeb: `ese mecnieri kacia da Tu giJi ar xleboda, es viT gamoCndeboda WkvianaTao~. `kalmasobaSi gamoyenebuli sazogadoebis TiTqmis yvela fenis mdgomareobisa da Sexedulebebis gadmosacemad maTTan uSualo kontaqti is xerxia, romliTac sxvadasxva dros warmatebiT usargebliaT erazm roterdamels `sisulelis qebaSi~, grimelshauzens `simplicisimusSi~, lesaJs `Jil blazSi~ da sxv., igive xerxia gamoyenebuli espanuri `pluturi romanis~ iseT ZeglSi, rogoricaa `lazarelio tormoseli~ (d. laSqaraZe, evropeizmis problema qarTul literaturaSi, Tb., 1977, gv. 213). avantiuruli romanisa da misTvis damaxasiaTebeli specifikuri niSnebis xseneba `xumarswavlasTan~ dakavSirebiT SemTxveviTi araa. fransua rables, erazm roterdamelisa da sxvaTa nawarmoebebisagan avantiurulma romanma SeiTvisa menipuri satirisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi _ gamonagonis Tavisufleba, avtoriseuli gamocdilebis wamyvani roli (gadmocemebTan da TqmulebebTan SedarebiT), moqmedebisa da personaJis `daumTavrebloba~, TanamedroveobasTan kontaqti, seriozulisa da sasacilos Serwyma. es niSnebi `xumarswavlasac~ axasiaTebs. magaliTad, saintereso faqtia, rom skabrezulobis mravali magaliTi TxzulebaSi, uCveulo da komikuri situaciebis Taviseburi Txrobis manera Zalauneburad iwvevs mkiTxvelSi fransua rables specifikuri mxatvruli stilis asociacias. rablesTan skabrezul epizodebTan msgavsebis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa SemTxveva masxara oTarikas saxlSi, ioanesa da patri andrias saubari da sxv. am epizodebs araviTari sxva mxatvruli funqcia ar gaaCnia garda imisa, rom gabeduli skabrezuli xumrobiT gaacinos da gaarTos mkiTxveli. ioane beris faTerakebiani Tavgadasavlebis aRweramac SeiZleba araerTxel gagvaxsenos rables gmirebi da maTi uCveulo ambebis gadmocemis xerxi. bolos, niSandoblivia isic, rom calkeuli, damoukidebeli Sinaarsis Semcveli epizodebis gaerTianeba erTi siuJeturi rkaliTa da saerTo literaturuli gmirebiT rablesac iseve axasiaTebs, rogorc kosters, servantessa da ioanes. rablesa da ioane batoniSvilis mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa Tanxvedra SeniSna da Taviseburi mxatvruli xerxebiT gadmogvca tician tabiZem 1929 wels daweril leqsSi `Semodgomis dRe oqroyanaSi, rable da kalmasoba~: mec Cavujdebi Cems pantagruels, cxenis Wixvini mesmis rablesi. da roca qari sul gamayruebs, gamova landi ioanesi. TiTqo gavida es asi weli da erTi wuTiT gadaiSala, _ var mokalmase mec awindeli da sakalmaso grZelia Sara. rogorc Cans, ticiani sityvas `mokalmase~ iyenebs maRali daniSnulebis, saukeTeso idealebisaTvis mebrZoli adamianis mniSvnelobiT, anu imave mniSvnelobiT, rom- 331
- Page 280 and 281: as, yoyloCinobas, umadurobas, flido
- Page 282 and 283: wignebSia gamokveTili. WeSmarit Tav
- Page 284 and 285: ganpirobebulia raimegvari motiviT,
- Page 286 and 287: `daviTianis~ avtori skefsisis Semwy
- Page 288 and 289: i poeziis saunjidan unda iyos amozi
- Page 290 and 291: luri qali RvTiur Zalad iqceva, real
- Page 292 and 293: turi TviTgardasaxvani, (`gind meZin
- Page 294 and 295: 2. rogorc aRvniSneT, `daviTianSi~ b
- Page 296 and 297: li gansazRvravda da Semdeg miawerda
- Page 298 and 299: lier pursac~ da saerTod, d. guramiS
- Page 300 and 301: a pirovnebaSi gaCndes mravali `me~.
- Page 302 and 303: mo sayvarelo, imyofebi sada? qveskn
- Page 304 and 305: 8. principi, rom adamiani ixatebode
- Page 306 and 307: nen, `marTlis Tqma~ iyo. Teoriulad
- Page 308 and 309: didsa iqmian mefeni puroba-darbazob
- Page 310 and 311: daviT guramiSvilma qarTul poeziaSi
- Page 312 and 313: sebaa. vaJa arasodes aravisi Taname
- Page 314 and 315: aqac iseve, rogorc pirvel magaliTSi
- Page 316 and 317: Sav Tval-warbas, pirad TeTrsa, asxd
- Page 318 and 319: ali~ - am fraziT xazgasmulia raRac
- Page 320 and 321: literatura: 1. А. Ф. Лосев,
- Page 322 and 323: xeebSia warmodgenili da mkiTxveli u
- Page 324 and 325: dRes misi saxeliTaa cnobili, magali
- Page 326 and 327: erTmaneTze mSvenier saxe-simboloebs
- Page 328 and 329: ioane batoniSvili da misi `xumarswa
- Page 332 and 333: liTac ukavSirdeba sikeTisaTvis mebr
- Page 334 and 335: S i n a a r s i: 1. Sesavali ------
- Page 336: 336
don kixotsa da lame _ oilenSpigels. isic sanCosa da lamesaviT ar iziarebs zogadsakacobrio,<br />
maRal idealebs da ar monawileobs ioanes diskusiebSi; piriqiT, mecnieruli<br />
saubrebis dros araerTxel SeniSnavs, sadilis an vaxSmobis dro movida da<br />
am bers rom vuyuroT, mSieri davrCebiTo. oxunjobisa Tu dacinvis miuxedavad, isic<br />
sanCosa da lamesaviT pativiscemiT eqceva `patrons~ da zrunavs masze. glexi TiTqos<br />
intuiciiT grZnobs ioanes gansakuTrebul daniSnulebas da amitomac emsaxureba mas<br />
uangarod, uvlis da kidec mfarvelobs araerTgzis daCagrul Tanamgzavrs. zurabac<br />
TiTqos sanCosa da, gansakuTrebiT, lame guZakiviT pirdapir xalxuri Semoqmedebidan<br />
gadmosuli tipia, masac nacarqeqiasaviT xelis ganZreva ezareba da Sromas kardakar<br />
siaruli urCevnia. Tavisi uprincipo xasiaTiTa da dabali inteleqtiT zuraba iseve<br />
upirispirdeba ioanes, rogorc sanCo _ lamanCels da lame _ oilenSpigels. zuraba<br />
ambobs ioanes Sesaxeb: `ese mecnieri kacia da Tu giJi ar xleboda, es viT gamoCndeboda<br />
WkvianaTao~.<br />
`kalmasobaSi gamoyenebuli sazogadoebis TiTqmis yvela fenis mdgomareobisa da<br />
Sexedulebebis gadmosacemad maTTan uSualo kontaqti is xerxia, romliTac sxvadasxva<br />
dros warmatebiT usargebliaT erazm roterdamels `sisulelis qebaSi~, grimelshauzens<br />
`simplicisimusSi~, lesaJs `Jil blazSi~ da sxv., igive xerxia gamoyenebuli<br />
espanuri `pluturi romanis~ iseT ZeglSi, rogoricaa `lazarelio tormoseli~<br />
(d. laSqaraZe, evropeizmis problema qarTul literaturaSi, Tb., 1977, gv. 213).<br />
avantiuruli romanisa da misTvis damaxasiaTebeli specifikuri niSnebis xseneba<br />
`xumarswavlasTan~ dakavSirebiT SemTxveviTi araa. fransua rables, erazm roterdamelisa<br />
da sxvaTa nawarmoebebisagan avantiurulma romanma SeiTvisa menipuri satirisaTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi _ gamonagonis Tavisufleba, avtoriseuli gamocdilebis<br />
wamyvani roli (gadmocemebTan da TqmulebebTan SedarebiT), moqmedebisa da<br />
personaJis `daumTavrebloba~, TanamedroveobasTan kontaqti, seriozulisa da sasacilos<br />
Serwyma. es niSnebi `xumarswavlasac~ axasiaTebs. magaliTad, saintereso faqtia,<br />
rom skabrezulobis mravali magaliTi TxzulebaSi, uCveulo da komikuri situaciebis<br />
Taviseburi Txrobis manera Zalauneburad iwvevs mkiTxvelSi fransua rables<br />
specifikuri mxatvruli stilis asociacias. rablesTan skabrezul epizodebTan<br />
msgavsebis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa SemTxveva masxara oTarikas saxlSi, ioanesa da<br />
patri andrias saubari da sxv. am epizodebs araviTari sxva mxatvruli funqcia ar<br />
gaaCnia garda imisa, rom gabeduli skabrezuli xumrobiT gaacinos da gaarTos mkiTxveli.<br />
ioane beris faTerakebiani Tavgadasavlebis aRweramac SeiZleba araerTxel<br />
gagvaxsenos rables gmirebi da maTi uCveulo ambebis gadmocemis xerxi. bolos,<br />
niSandoblivia isic, rom calkeuli, damoukidebeli Sinaarsis Semcveli epizodebis<br />
gaerTianeba erTi siuJeturi rkaliTa da saerTo literaturuli gmirebiT rablesac<br />
iseve axasiaTebs, rogorc kosters, servantessa da ioanes.<br />
rablesa da ioane batoniSvilis mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa Tanxvedra<br />
SeniSna da Taviseburi mxatvruli xerxebiT gadmogvca tician tabiZem 1929 wels<br />
daweril leqsSi `Semodgomis dRe oqroyanaSi, rable da kalmasoba~:<br />
mec Cavujdebi Cems pantagruels,<br />
cxenis Wixvini mesmis rablesi.<br />
da roca qari sul gamayruebs,<br />
gamova landi ioanesi.<br />
TiTqo gavida es asi weli<br />
da erTi wuTiT gadaiSala, _<br />
var mokalmase mec awindeli<br />
da sakalmaso grZelia Sara.<br />
rogorc Cans, ticiani sityvas `mokalmase~ iyenebs maRali daniSnulebis, saukeTeso<br />
idealebisaTvis mebrZoli adamianis mniSvnelobiT, anu imave mniSvnelobiT, rom-<br />
331
Change language