iii_tomi.pdf
iii_tomi.pdf iii_tomi.pdf
dRes misi saxeliTaa cnobili, magaliTad, iseTi gavrcelebuli metaforuli saxeebi, rogoricaa: `sevdis baRi~, `TvalTa isxarni, mosisxarni~, `Savni SaSvni~ (Tvalebi) da sxva SesaniSnavi saxe-metaforebi. besiki metaforasTan erTad xSirad iyenebs, rusTvelisTvis SedarebiT naklebad cnobil, pirdapiri saxis Sedarebebs da amiT Tavisebur uSualobas aniWebs saxeTa gaazrebas: `Senma gonebam mimamsgavsa mileul mTvares~. besikisTvis damaxasiaTebelia uaryofaze agebuli gaSlili Sedareba: `Svidni ciurni mocimcimed, ar Segadare~. besiki poetur sityvas araCveulebrivad grZnobs da misi poeturi semantika saocrad gamiznulia, zigjer Tavis adgilas Casmuli erTi SexedviT Cveulebrivi sityva sruliad moulodnel mxatvrul efeqts qmnis. `me Senma fiqrma mimarinda, Cavel Wirebsa~. aq sityva `mimarinda~ ukve Tavidanve qmnis Sesafer, odnav melanqoliur ganwyobilebas, rac poets uimedo, ganwiruli mijnuris daxasiaTebisaTvis sWirdeba. besiki sityvisa da frazeologiis WeSmariti ostatia da misi leqsis zogi gamoTqma pirdapir poetur formulas warmoadgens. gavixsenoT Tundac zemoT ukve ganxiluli leqsi `haeri civ-namiani, CemTvis aRara dRiani~. rusTvelis msgavsad besiki xSirad mimarTavs aliteraciis xerxs. Tavi rom davaneboT mis cnobil anbanTqebebs, sadac aliteracia ZiriTad formalistur xerxad gvevlineba, besikis lirikul SedevrebSi igi aRWurvilia mniSvnelovani mxatvruli funqciiT. besikis leqsi `tano tatano~ aliteraciuli bgerweris erT-erTi saintereso nimuSia. da unda iTqvas, rom, metaforaTa saocar wyobasTan erTad, leqsis mxatvrul suraTs bgeraTa araCveulebrivi Sexameba qmnis: `tano tatano, gul-wamtano, ucxod marebo! zilfo, kavebo, momklavebo, ver sakarebo!~ an `va, sicocxleo ukuRmarTo, danacarebo~ da sxv. besiki bgerweris, kerZod, aliteraciis ubadlo ostatia. umTavresi probleba, romlis gadawyvetasac Sua saukuneebma Tavisi saukeTeso inteleqtualuri Zalebi moaxmara, es aris adamianis mimarTeba RvTaebasTan, misi moraluri vali da msasoebeli mzera maradiuli sasufevlisaken. Tu am TvalsazrisiT SevxedavT daviT guramiSvilis Semoqmedebas, aqac xSiradaa wamoyenebuli igive sakiTxebi. magram iseve, rogorc msoflios yvela didi poeti, guramiSvilic ar Caketila am erT mimarTebaSi. misi poezia mZime gansacdelSi myofi qarTveli kacis uRrmes sulier tkivilebs gamoxatavs, xolo mTeli `daviTiani~ qarTlis Wiris mRelvare matianea. SeiZleba pirdapir iTqvas, rom Zvel qarTul poeziaSi Cveni xalxis erovnuli bed-iRbali ise aravis warmousaxavs, rogorc daviT guramiSvils. mTeli `daviTiani~ am uwmindesi Temis dramatuli gancdis Sedegia. guramiSvilis poeziis upirvelesi Tema erovnuli tkivilebis gamoxatvaa: `ra Zalian guli mtkiva, maJrJolebs da tanSi mzaravs~. am mxriv mas sazrdos awvdis Cveni qveynis mware sinamdvile, romelic poetma ukuRmarTad gadaxnul mindors Seadara. `qarTlis Wiris~ ase Zlierad gamosaxatavad guramiSvilma miagno Sesafer poetur kilos. Cven amjerad gvinda SevexoT mxolod ramdenime aspeqts, romelTac garkveuli adgili unda daeTmos guramiSvilis, rogorc mxatvrisa da moazrovnis erT mTlianobaSi Seswavlis dros. pirvel rigSi es exeba poetis mimarTebas qarTul sasuliero mwerlobasTan, romelic organul nakadadaa Sezrdili daviT guramiSvilis Rrma religiuri ganwyobilebebiT datvirTul poeziaSi. rasakvirvelia, himnografiuli leqsi gverds ver auvlida sasuliero simbolikis gamoyenebas, romelic ukve ase uxvadaa am poeziis safuZvelTa-safuZvelSi _ Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebSi. igi himnografiuli poeziis upirvelesi xerxia da mas, rogorc Semadgeneli elementi, erwymis metafora da mxatvruli epiTeti. qarTuli himnografiac am gziT viTardeboda da mwyobr kompoziciasTan erTad axal saero poezias man uanderZa daxvewili poeturi metyveleba. Cveni Temis farglebs scildeba himnografiuli poeziis gavlena qarTul klasikur saero mwerlobaze, kerZod ki am mwerlobis gvirgvinze SoTa rusTavelze, ro- 324
melmac rig SemTxvevaSi sruliad axleburi gaazreba misca adre SemuSavebul mzamzareul poetur formulebs (mag. naTlis tropika da a. S.) magram faqtia isic, rom himnografiuli poeziis zemoqmedebam axali ZaliT ifeTqa e. w. aRorZinebis epoqaSi. ufro metic, Tu sasuliero poeziis gavlena klasikuri xanis mwerlobaze ufro mxatvruli formis aspeqtSi gamovlinda, aRorZinebis epoqis mwerlobaSi igi ufro Rrma sulier SreebSi SeiWra. guramiSvilis sasuliero xasiaTis leqsi, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, klasikuri qar- Tuli himnografiis sruliad axali saxesxvaobaa. pirvel rigSi amas gansakuTrebiT gvagrZnobinebs enobrivi faqtura, romelSic ase mZlavradaa SeWrili ubralo xalxuri yofis gamomxatveli elementebi da folkloruli nakadi. magram Sinaarsobrivad misi leqsebi metad axlo midian Zvel himnografiasTan. guramiSvilis am leqsebis personaJi cisken sasoebiT mzirali adamiania, romelsac upirveles sikeTed RvTaebasTan miaxloeba miaCnia. vin aris guramiSvilis erT-erT saxelganTqmul himnSi (ka, odes datyoebulman urjulos qveyanas s a y v a r l i s saxe da suraTi veRara naxa, imisi moTqma daviTisagan) moxsenebuli: `Cemo saesavo, tkbilo cxovrebisa wyaro~? axali aRTqmisa da himnografiis ubralo gacnoba am gamoTqmis mraval paralels aRmogviCenda: tkbili cxovrebis wyaro qriste-RmerTia, romelic maradi da tkbili cxovrebis gansaxierebaa. imave leqsSi mravalferovan simbolo-epiTetebs mimarTavs poeti qristes Sesaferi gamosaxvisaTvis: qriste _ umanki tredi, gvriti, romelmac veragobas usazRvro saTnoeba daupirispira. qriste _ ucnauri mze e. i. romlis Secnoba adamianis gonebas ar ZaluZs da igi mze, TviT poetisave sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, upirispirdeba materialurs _ `sacnaur mzes~, TinaTins, romelic amave dros `ucnauri mzis~ gamosxivebaa. guramiSvili Tavis mxriv amdidrebs da axali cnebebi Seaqvs aRniSnul simboliur saxeTa salaroSi. magaliTad, Zveli qarTuli sasuliero mwerlobis Seswavlis magaliTze gamoirkva, rom `daviTianSi~ xSirad gamoyenebuli m z e T a - m z i s saxe, rogorc mama RmerTis, ufalTa-uflis sabaoTis gamomxatveli guramiSvilma pirvelma Semoitana sasuliero xasiaTis himnebSi. Cvenis azriT, igi ueWvelad xalxuri poeziis saunjidan unda iyos amoziduli, aki TviTon guramiSvilic acxadebs, rom am saxes garegnuli msgavseba aqvs xalxur metyvelebaSi, folklorSi gavrcelebul saxe-gamoTqmasTan `qalTa mze~, mzeTa-mzes rusTvelic axsenebs ramdenime adgilas, magram masSi arsad aris Cadebuli aRniSnuli mistiuri Sinaarsi 3 . mzeTa-mze guramiSvilis usayvarlesi mistiuri saxea da poeti ara erTgzis mimar- Tavs mis varirebas. warmarTuli himnebis siZliere SeigrZnoba guramiSvilis sityveb- Si: sjobs vetrfialo m z e T a - m z e s , m z i s a T v i s Tavi vaxelo, naTlisa gavxde mijnuri, radgan Tvalebsa vaxelo, mis ukeTesi moyvare, sad vpovo, sada vaxelo? mze miwyens, Tu mzis sanacvlod T i n a T i n s xeli vaxelo. (str. 340) ganTiadisa varskvlavo, mis m z e T a -m z i s a mTiebo, vikargvi bnelis RamiTa, dRev, rad ar momiZiebo! (str. 346) mzeTa-mze aq ufalTa-ufali, mama RmerTia, romlis trfialeba aqvs gulSi dasaxuli: sjobs mas vetrfode da mzisTvis e. i. qriste-RmerTisaTvis xelad viqce, viyo gagiJebuli; sanamdi suli midgas (Tvalebs vidre vaxel), naTlis (qristes) mijnuri minda viyo; masze ukeTesi moyvare, sad unda vpovo (vaxelo), Tanac igi mze (qriste) miwyens, mis sanacvlod TinaTins (materialur, amqveyniur mzes) mivuaxlovde (xeli vaxlo)... ganTiadis varskvlavo, ciskaro, mzeTa-mzis mnaTobo, amqveyniur wyvdiadSi (bneli Rame) vikargebi da mixseni Sen, maradiulo dRev anu Cemo RvTaebav. 3 `Tayvanisca lomTa-lomman mzeTa-mzesa~ _ str. 685 (mzeTa-mze aq TinaTinia) da a. S. aseve metaforulad, yovelgvari mistiuri Sinaarsis gareSe, gvxvdeba es saxe `istoria da azmanSi~ (Tamars miemarTeba), Teimuraz I-is `leilmejnunianSi~ da sxv. 325
- Page 274 and 275: xibli arakad Tqmisa 274 vaxtang gog
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- Page 278 and 279: adaTic. axaldabadebul vaJs aZleven
- Page 280 and 281: as, yoyloCinobas, umadurobas, flido
- Page 282 and 283: wignebSia gamokveTili. WeSmarit Tav
- Page 284 and 285: ganpirobebulia raimegvari motiviT,
- Page 286 and 287: `daviTianis~ avtori skefsisis Semwy
- Page 288 and 289: i poeziis saunjidan unda iyos amozi
- Page 290 and 291: luri qali RvTiur Zalad iqceva, real
- Page 292 and 293: turi TviTgardasaxvani, (`gind meZin
- Page 294 and 295: 2. rogorc aRvniSneT, `daviTianSi~ b
- Page 296 and 297: li gansazRvravda da Semdeg miawerda
- Page 298 and 299: lier pursac~ da saerTod, d. guramiS
- Page 300 and 301: a pirovnebaSi gaCndes mravali `me~.
- Page 302 and 303: mo sayvarelo, imyofebi sada? qveskn
- Page 304 and 305: 8. principi, rom adamiani ixatebode
- Page 306 and 307: nen, `marTlis Tqma~ iyo. Teoriulad
- Page 308 and 309: didsa iqmian mefeni puroba-darbazob
- Page 310 and 311: daviT guramiSvilma qarTul poeziaSi
- Page 312 and 313: sebaa. vaJa arasodes aravisi Taname
- Page 314 and 315: aqac iseve, rogorc pirvel magaliTSi
- Page 316 and 317: Sav Tval-warbas, pirad TeTrsa, asxd
- Page 318 and 319: ali~ - am fraziT xazgasmulia raRac
- Page 320 and 321: literatura: 1. А. Ф. Лосев,
- Page 322 and 323: xeebSia warmodgenili da mkiTxveli u
- Page 326 and 327: erTmaneTze mSvenier saxe-simboloebs
- Page 328 and 329: ioane batoniSvili da misi `xumarswa
- Page 330 and 331: maRali mowodebis, kvali. don kixoti
- Page 332 and 333: liTac ukavSirdeba sikeTisaTvis mebr
- Page 334 and 335: S i n a a r s i: 1. Sesavali ------
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dRes misi saxeliTaa cnobili, magaliTad, iseTi gavrcelebuli metaforuli saxeebi,<br />
rogoricaa: `sevdis baRi~, `TvalTa isxarni, mosisxarni~, `Savni SaSvni~ (Tvalebi) da<br />
sxva SesaniSnavi saxe-metaforebi. besiki metaforasTan erTad xSirad iyenebs, rusTvelisTvis<br />
SedarebiT naklebad cnobil, pirdapiri saxis Sedarebebs da amiT Tavisebur<br />
uSualobas aniWebs saxeTa gaazrebas: `Senma gonebam mimamsgavsa mileul mTvares~.<br />
besikisTvis damaxasiaTebelia uaryofaze agebuli gaSlili Sedareba: `Svidni ciurni<br />
mocimcimed, ar Segadare~. besiki poetur sityvas araCveulebrivad grZnobs da misi<br />
poeturi semantika saocrad gamiznulia, zigjer Tavis adgilas Casmuli erTi<br />
SexedviT Cveulebrivi sityva sruliad moulodnel mxatvrul efeqts qmnis. `me Senma<br />
fiqrma mimarinda, Cavel Wirebsa~. aq sityva `mimarinda~ ukve Tavidanve qmnis<br />
Sesafer, odnav melanqoliur ganwyobilebas, rac poets uimedo, ganwiruli mijnuris<br />
daxasiaTebisaTvis sWirdeba. besiki sityvisa da frazeologiis WeSmariti ostatia da<br />
misi leqsis zogi gamoTqma pirdapir poetur formulas warmoadgens. gavixsenoT<br />
Tundac zemoT ukve ganxiluli leqsi `haeri civ-namiani, CemTvis aRara dRiani~.<br />
rusTvelis msgavsad besiki xSirad mimarTavs aliteraciis xerxs. Tavi rom davaneboT<br />
mis cnobil anbanTqebebs, sadac aliteracia ZiriTad formalistur xerxad gvevlineba,<br />
besikis lirikul SedevrebSi igi aRWurvilia mniSvnelovani mxatvruli funqciiT.<br />
besikis leqsi `tano tatano~ aliteraciuli bgerweris erT-erTi saintereso<br />
nimuSia. da unda iTqvas, rom, metaforaTa saocar wyobasTan erTad, leqsis mxatvrul<br />
suraTs bgeraTa araCveulebrivi Sexameba qmnis: `tano tatano, gul-wamtano, ucxod<br />
marebo! zilfo, kavebo, momklavebo, ver sakarebo!~ an `va, sicocxleo ukuRmarTo, danacarebo~<br />
da sxv. besiki bgerweris, kerZod, aliteraciis ubadlo ostatia.<br />
umTavresi probleba, romlis gadawyvetasac Sua saukuneebma Tavisi saukeTeso<br />
inteleqtualuri Zalebi moaxmara, es aris adamianis mimarTeba RvTaebasTan, misi<br />
moraluri vali da msasoebeli mzera maradiuli sasufevlisaken. Tu am TvalsazrisiT<br />
SevxedavT daviT guramiSvilis Semoqmedebas, aqac xSiradaa wamoyenebuli igive<br />
sakiTxebi. magram iseve, rogorc msoflios yvela didi poeti, guramiSvilic ar Caketila<br />
am erT mimarTebaSi.<br />
misi poezia mZime gansacdelSi myofi qarTveli kacis uRrmes sulier tkivilebs<br />
gamoxatavs, xolo mTeli `daviTiani~ qarTlis Wiris mRelvare matianea. SeiZleba<br />
pirdapir iTqvas, rom Zvel qarTul poeziaSi Cveni xalxis erovnuli bed-iRbali ise<br />
aravis warmousaxavs, rogorc daviT guramiSvils. mTeli `daviTiani~ am uwmindesi Temis<br />
dramatuli gancdis Sedegia.<br />
guramiSvilis poeziis upirvelesi Tema erovnuli tkivilebis gamoxatvaa: `ra Zalian<br />
guli mtkiva, maJrJolebs da tanSi mzaravs~. am mxriv mas sazrdos awvdis Cveni<br />
qveynis mware sinamdvile, romelic poetma ukuRmarTad gadaxnul mindors Seadara.<br />
`qarTlis Wiris~ ase Zlierad gamosaxatavad guramiSvilma miagno Sesafer poetur<br />
kilos.<br />
Cven amjerad gvinda SevexoT mxolod ramdenime aspeqts, romelTac garkveuli adgili<br />
unda daeTmos guramiSvilis, rogorc mxatvrisa da moazrovnis erT mTlianobaSi<br />
Seswavlis dros. pirvel rigSi es exeba poetis mimarTebas qarTul sasuliero<br />
mwerlobasTan, romelic organul nakadadaa Sezrdili daviT guramiSvilis Rrma religiuri<br />
ganwyobilebebiT datvirTul poeziaSi.<br />
rasakvirvelia, himnografiuli leqsi gverds ver auvlida sasuliero simbolikis<br />
gamoyenebas, romelic ukve ase uxvadaa am poeziis safuZvelTa-safuZvelSi _ Zveli da<br />
axali aRTqmis wignebSi. igi himnografiuli poeziis upirvelesi xerxia da mas, rogorc<br />
Semadgeneli elementi, erwymis metafora da mxatvruli epiTeti.<br />
qarTuli himnografiac am gziT viTardeboda da mwyobr kompoziciasTan erTad axal<br />
saero poezias man uanderZa daxvewili poeturi metyveleba.<br />
Cveni Temis farglebs scildeba himnografiuli poeziis gavlena qarTul klasikur<br />
saero mwerlobaze, kerZod ki am mwerlobis gvirgvinze SoTa rusTavelze, ro-<br />
324
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