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Sav Tval-warbas, pirad TeTrsa, asxda Savi xali, misman eSxman dacamlewa, Semimusra Zvali. vkiTxe: mzeo, sidam moxval, xar sad wamavali? geajebi, macodine Seni gza da kvali; SenTvis guli qvaT gardmeqca, gaxda viT klde sali, masxi wyali, damiSrite, me Seni mwvavs ali. qalis pasuxic metad miwieria da organulad agrZelebs eqspoziciaSi warmodgenil situacias: avo kaco, viT gabede, me Sen mTxove Tavi? bulbulT nacvlad vard kokobman rad dagisva yvavi! uaryofili mijnuri tiris da zRvaTa SesarTav cremlsa Rvris... da kvlav qalis mware sityvebi: ar mindixar, ar miyvarxar, sxva myavs kargi myvari, _ Sengan Tvalad ukeTesi, vaJi-kaci qmari. gamomsaxvelobiTi eqspresiuloba kidev ufro izrdeba momdevno suraTSi, sadac qali ketiT nacem sacodav mijnurs wamoayenebs, dauyvavebs da etyvis: aq nu vsxedvarT, gvnaxos aravina. axla avdgeT, Cven wavideT TavTavisTvis Sina, kulav sadme amoivli, me dagxvdebi wina. aq dasruldeba leqsis dinamika da zemoaRniSnul, ase vTqvaT, impresionistuli sinaTlis suraTs TandaTan toni umuqdeba, ferebi civdeba da kristaldeba. ase iwyeba mijnuris monologi da uceb Sinaarsobriv-azrobrivi, TiTqosda, absurdi: Cemis siyvarulisaTvis scemes xelSekrulsa, saxiT vxedav CemTvis mkvdarsa, sisxliT gabasrulsa. bolos ki satrfos sulisadmi mimarTva, romelic locvad iqceva: qvesknelsa var, vera gxedav, megulvebi cada, geajebi, nu gamwirav, wamiyvane manda! ras niSnavs Sinaarsobrivi, TiTqosda, absurdi da risi Tqma gvinda? cxadia, aq absurdTan saqme ar gvaqvs. ubralod, sakiTxi pirobiTad davsviT: alegoriuli leqsi wavikiTxeT realuri planiT ise, rom sruliad gamovTiSeT ukana plani. moxda is, razedac SesavalSi gvqonda saubari: damoukideblad aRebul alegoriul niSanSi wavawydiT imgvar logikur winaaRmdegobas, romelic am niSans uspobs Sinaarsisagan damoukideblad arsebobis SesaZleblobas. swored amitom amgvari daskvna: `zubovka- Ti~ guramiSvilma didi paTosiT umRera ukraineli qalis garegnul sikeklucesa da sulis sifaqizes. daviT guramiSvilma pirvelad literaturis istoriaSi Seqmna ukraineli qalis mimzidveli, simpaTiuri saxe~ 20 , _ pirobiTia, radgan gamomdinareobs leqsis alegoriuli sistemis damoukideblobis aRiarebidan. jer kidev k. kekeliZem miuTiTa `zubovkaSi~ qristianuli tipis alegoriis arsebobaze 21 . literaturaTmcodneobaSi ratomRac mainc gaZnelda imis mtkiceba, rom es leqsi alegoriuli nawarmoebia da mis Sinaars, masSi dafarul azrs zubovkis gzaze momxdar Tu armomxdar faqtTan pirobiTi kavSiri aqvs. magram aq aris erTi principuli xasiaTis winaaRmdegoba. saqme isaa, rom qalis saxeSi koncentrirdeba ara marto tropuli sistema, aramed is mZafri situaciuri garemoc, romelSic TviT aris moqceuli. amgvarad iqmneba Rrmad STambeWdavi simboluri niSani, romelic ikveTeba alegoriis gaciebuli struqturis fonze. rogorc ukve SesavalSi aRvniSneT, simboloSi niSans, garda imisa, rom Sinaarsis vrcel abstraqcias warmoadgens, damoukidebeli Rirebulebac gaaCnia. swored esaa, rom leqsis wminda alegoriulobis aRiareba Wirs. SeiZleboda nawarmoebis tipi migveCnia simbolur-alegoriulad, magram aRniSnul termins ukve bundovaneba Semoaqvs, radgan gaurkveveli rCeba, Tu am ori kategoriidan romelia koncefciuri struqturis ganmsazRvreli. magram, ramdenadac leqsis Sinaarsis garegan qsovilSi dominirebs alegoria rogorc sistema da qristes simboluri saxe (qalis saxe) am sistemaSi Semodis rogorc Semadgeneli elementi, SegviZlia leqsis tipis ganmsazRvrel terminad davtovoT – `alegoriuli~. 316

gvinda yuradReba mivaqcioT erT garemoebas. RvTiuri siyvarulis alegoriuli gamoxatva Sua saukuneebSi da, rogorc Cans, merec literaturis metad popularuli meTodi iyo. Teoria imdenad myari da avtoritetuli aRmoCnda, rom mas geniosebic ver aRwevdnen Tavs. XIX saukunis cnobili italieli kritikosi franCesko de sanktisi, romelic dantes SemoqmedebaSi alegorizmis aRiarebis winaaRmdegia, iZulebelia, dauSvas poetis Semoqmedebaze sqolastikis gavlena 22 . vfiqrobT, arc Cven unda veZebdeT Rrmad morwmune qristianis daviT guramiSvilis SemoqmedebaSi am Teoriis primatis gaqarwylebis gzebs, miT umetes, Tu qarTuli mwerlobis istoria saamisod garkveul safuZvels iZleva. `vefxistyaosnis~ vaxtangiseuli komentari, romelic poemaSi saRvTo siyvarulis alegoriis arsebobas amtkicebs, SeiZleba miCneul iqnes klerikalur-reaqciuli wreebis braldebaTagan nawarmoebis dacvis faqtad, magram arsebobs sakiTxis meore mxarec. kerZod, s. caiSvili SeniSnavs: `irkveva, rom is, rac vaxtangma rusTavels miawera, iyo misive rwmena, gamomdinare misive SemoqmedebiTi praqtikidan~ 23 . aseve mniSvnelovania Semdegi daskvnac – `vaxtangis poeziaSi `soflis mdurvasTan~ erTad siyvarulis alegoriul-mistikuri gaazreba sistemadaa qceuli da, rogorc aRvniSneT, igi mTeli mimarTulebis Semqmnelia me-18 saukunis qarTul poeziaSi~ 24 . r. siraZe fiqrobs, rom vaxtangis mrwamsisaTvis erT-erTi mTavari amosavali unda yofiliyo `qeba qebaTais~ Targmanebani 25 . qarTuli literatura IX saukunidan icnobs ipolite romaelis Sromas `TargmanebaÁ qebaÁ qebaTaÁ~, romelSic avtori cnobili teqstis mistikur-alegoriul ganmartebas iZleva. mag., aseTi fraza – `umjobes arian Cemda ZuZuni Senni ufroÁs Rvinisa~ – asea ganmartebuli: `rameTu vi- Tarca saxed ganamxiarulis Rvinoman guli, ese saxed ganamxiaruleben mcnebani qristesni, rameTu viTarca CCvilni romelni gamoswoven ZuZuTagan gamowovad sZisa, egreca saxed yovelni gamoswovdes Sjulisa da saxarebisagan mcnebaTa, saWmelsa samaradisosa moipoveben, rameTu ZuZu qristesa araTu sxuaÁ raÁ ars, aramed orni igi Sjulni, da sZe ese araTu sxuaÁ raÁ ars, aramed mcnebani igi Sjulisani~ 26 . amgvari tendencia sruliad bunebrivia, simbolur-alegoriuli meTodi aris yvelaze ufro racionaluri gza RvTaebis warmosadgenad. roca mose sTxovs ufals, saxiT meCveneo, ufali upasuxebs: `ver ZalgiZs pirisa Cemisa xilvad, rameTu ara ars kaci, romelmanca ixila piri Cemi da cxovnda~ (gamoslvaTa 33, 20). amitom RvTaebis Wvreta mxolod simbolos saSualebiT moxdeba. areopagelis mixedviT, RmerTis simboluri gamoxatva SesaZlebelia anTropomorfuli da zoomorfuli saxeebiT, `nergTa da qvaTa TiTo-ferobiT~. simbolo SeiZleba miviRoT samkauliT damSvenebuli dedakaci, SeiaraRebuli barbarosi da ubralo meqoTne. simbolos ukan imaleba uzarmazari samyaro, romlis ganWvretad uZluria urwmuno da ganuswavleli goneba. areopagelis mizania, gvaswavlos simbolos xedva. `urwmuno varT mravalni saRmrTo- Ta saidumloTa sityuebsa, rameTu vxedavT maT martod SemoRebulTa maT Soris grZnobadTa saxeTa. jer ars ukeTu TaviT TvisiT ganZarcuaÁ maTi SiSulad wmidad saxilvel qmnaTa, rameTu esreT mxedvelni msaxur viqmnneT wyarosa cxorebisasa Tavsa Sina Tvissa aRmomdinaresa~ 27 . `zubovkis~ mSvenieri qali rom qristes simboloa, vgonebT, eWvs ar iwvevs. rom araferi vTqvaT leqsis Sinaarsze, TviTon calkeuli tropuli formebi ueWvelad ukavSirdebian macxovris warmodgenas. mag.: 1. `mze~ (vkiTxe: mzeo, sidam moxval), romelic qristes tradiciuli da uryevi simboloa. d. guramiSvilTan igi mxolod da mxolod qristesTan mimarTebaSi ixmareba. sxvagvarad warmoudgenelia, Tu gavixsenebT poetis mier Camoyalibebul da mkacrad metaforul sistemas: mzeTa-mze (mama-RmerTi), mze (qriste), TinaTini (materialuri mze). 2. `Semimusra Zvali~ gamoZaxili unda iyos ioanes saxarebis im adgilisa, sadac weria imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor Seumusres Zvali (wvivi) qristes gverdiT jvarcmul or gvams da rom amgvari bedi ar ewia macxovris gvams 28 , `rameTu iyo ese, raÁTa werili aRasrulos, viTarmed: Zuali misi ara Seimusros~ (i. 19, 36). `Semimusra Zv- 317

Sav Tval-warbas, pirad TeTrsa, asxda Savi xali,<br />

misman eSxman dacamlewa, Semimusra Zvali.<br />

vkiTxe: mzeo, sidam moxval, xar sad wamavali?<br />

geajebi, macodine Seni gza da kvali;<br />

SenTvis guli qvaT gardmeqca, gaxda viT klde sali,<br />

masxi wyali, damiSrite, me Seni mwvavs ali.<br />

qalis pasuxic metad miwieria da organulad agrZelebs eqspoziciaSi warmodgenil<br />

situacias: avo kaco, viT gabede, me Sen mTxove Tavi?<br />

bulbulT nacvlad vard kokobman rad dagisva yvavi!<br />

uaryofili mijnuri tiris da zRvaTa SesarTav cremlsa Rvris... da kvlav qalis<br />

mware sityvebi: ar mindixar, ar miyvarxar, sxva myavs kargi myvari, _<br />

Sengan Tvalad ukeTesi, vaJi-kaci qmari.<br />

gamomsaxvelobiTi eqspresiuloba kidev ufro izrdeba momdevno suraTSi, sadac<br />

qali ketiT nacem sacodav mijnurs wamoayenebs, dauyvavebs da etyvis:<br />

aq nu vsxedvarT, gvnaxos aravina.<br />

axla avdgeT, Cven wavideT TavTavisTvis Sina,<br />

kulav sadme amoivli,<br />

me dagxvdebi wina.<br />

aq dasruldeba leqsis dinamika da zemoaRniSnul, ase vTqvaT, impresionistuli<br />

sinaTlis suraTs TandaTan toni umuqdeba, ferebi civdeba da kristaldeba. ase iwyeba<br />

mijnuris monologi da uceb Sinaarsobriv-azrobrivi, TiTqosda, absurdi:<br />

Cemis siyvarulisaTvis scemes xelSekrulsa,<br />

saxiT vxedav CemTvis mkvdarsa, sisxliT gabasrulsa.<br />

bolos ki satrfos sulisadmi mimarTva, romelic locvad iqceva:<br />

qvesknelsa var, vera gxedav, megulvebi cada,<br />

geajebi, nu gamwirav, wamiyvane manda!<br />

ras niSnavs Sinaarsobrivi, TiTqosda, absurdi da risi Tqma gvinda? cxadia, aq absurdTan<br />

saqme ar gvaqvs. ubralod, sakiTxi pirobiTad davsviT: alegoriuli leqsi<br />

wavikiTxeT realuri planiT ise, rom sruliad gamovTiSeT ukana plani. moxda is,<br />

razedac SesavalSi gvqonda saubari: damoukideblad aRebul alegoriul niSanSi wavawydiT<br />

imgvar logikur winaaRmdegobas, romelic am niSans uspobs Sinaarsisagan<br />

damoukideblad arsebobis SesaZleblobas. swored amitom amgvari daskvna: `zubovka-<br />

Ti~ guramiSvilma didi paTosiT umRera ukraineli qalis garegnul sikeklucesa da<br />

sulis sifaqizes. daviT guramiSvilma pirvelad literaturis istoriaSi Seqmna ukraineli<br />

qalis mimzidveli, simpaTiuri saxe~ 20 , _ pirobiTia, radgan gamomdinareobs<br />

leqsis alegoriuli sistemis damoukideblobis aRiarebidan.<br />

jer kidev k. kekeliZem miuTiTa `zubovkaSi~ qristianuli tipis alegoriis arsebobaze<br />

21 . literaturaTmcodneobaSi ratomRac mainc gaZnelda imis mtkiceba, rom es<br />

leqsi alegoriuli nawarmoebia da mis Sinaars, masSi dafarul azrs zubovkis gzaze<br />

momxdar Tu armomxdar faqtTan pirobiTi kavSiri aqvs. magram aq aris erTi principuli<br />

xasiaTis winaaRmdegoba. saqme isaa, rom qalis saxeSi koncentrirdeba ara marto<br />

tropuli sistema, aramed is mZafri situaciuri garemoc, romelSic TviT aris<br />

moqceuli. amgvarad iqmneba Rrmad STambeWdavi simboluri niSani, romelic ikveTeba<br />

alegoriis gaciebuli struqturis fonze. rogorc ukve SesavalSi aRvniSneT, simboloSi<br />

niSans, garda imisa, rom Sinaarsis vrcel abstraqcias warmoadgens, damoukidebeli<br />

Rirebulebac gaaCnia. swored esaa, rom leqsis wminda alegoriulobis aRiareba<br />

Wirs. SeiZleboda nawarmoebis tipi migveCnia simbolur-alegoriulad, magram<br />

aRniSnul termins ukve bundovaneba Semoaqvs, radgan gaurkveveli rCeba, Tu am ori<br />

kategoriidan romelia koncefciuri struqturis ganmsazRvreli. magram, ramdenadac<br />

leqsis Sinaarsis garegan qsovilSi dominirebs alegoria rogorc sistema da qristes<br />

simboluri saxe (qalis saxe) am sistemaSi Semodis rogorc Semadgeneli elementi,<br />

SegviZlia leqsis tipis ganmsazRvrel terminad davtovoT – `alegoriuli~.<br />

316

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