iii_tomi.pdf
iii_tomi.pdf iii_tomi.pdf
kaco-sagmiro da sapatronymo idealebi, amasTan samSoblo qveynis siyvarulis mxurvale grZnoba. `vefxistyaosnis~ ganTqmul aforizms `sjobs sicocxlesa nazraxsa sikvdili saxelovani~ Soridan exmaureba `rolandis~ aforizmi: `magram brZolaSi sikvdili sjobs, vidre Sercxvena~. `vefxistyaosnisagan~ gansxvavebiT, franguli poemis niSandobliv Tvisebas Seadgens saqristiano-sarwmunoebrivi motivis didi xvedriTi wona. sarwmunoebrivi momenti Zlier etyoba `rolandze simReris~ mTel Sinaarssa da ideur-SemecnebiTs mxares. rolandi da olivie iRupebian samSoblo qveynisa da qristianobis samsaxuris dros muslimanuri mtrebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. frangi truverisaTvis ucxo Cans samijnuro ganwyobilebani. aseT ganwyobilebebs adgili ver upovnia `rolandis simReraSi~. rolandis sacoles qalwul aldas saxe Zalian mkrTalad TinaTinobs poemaSi. momakvdav rolands cxadliv agondeba mis mier dapyrobili qveynebi, misi Zvirfasi samSoblo safrangeTi, sayvareli aRmzrdeli da patroni, naTesavebi... aldas Sesaxeb ki sruli dumilia. Tu `rolandis~ mixedviT, vaJkacobis stimulad xdeba samSoblos siyvaruli da sarwmunoebrivi gzneba, vefxistyaosnis mixedviT, raindebis gmirul saqmianobas fr- Tebs asxams samSoblos siyvarulsa da sazogadoebriv movaleobaTa SegnebasTan er- Tad maRalzneobrivi samijnuro grZnoba. vefxistyaosnis qal-personaJebTan SedarebiT, ra Tqma unda, sruliad usicocxloa da usaxuria qalwuli alda. simRera sidze simRera sidze espanuri nacionaluri eposis SesaniSnavi Zeglia, romelic literaturulad Camoyalibda 1140 – 1150 wlebs Sua. aq asaxulia espaneTis me-11 saukunis meore naxevris namdvili istoriuli ambebi. TviTon sidi istoriuli piria, mas erqva rodrigo dias (sidi zedwodebaa, warmodgeba seid-isagan), unda dabadebuliyo daaxloebiT 1040 wels, gardacvlila me-11 saukunis miwurulSi, 1099 wels. Tumca `simReraSi~ sidi idealizebulia, magram igi mainc Zalian hgavs Tavis istoriul prototips. saerTod, simRera sidze `Более точна в конкретно-историческом отношении, чем какойлибо иной из известных нам образцов западноевропейского эпоса~. realisturi elferi aRbeWdili aqvs poemis yvela epizods. rogorc istoriuli piri da rogorc `simReris~ personaJi, sidi monawileobda espaneTis mefe-mTavarTa mraval saSinao omSi, gansakuTrebiT gaiTqva man saxeli muslimanebis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli gmiruli brZolebiT. sidi iyo espaneTis didi erovnuli gmiri, samSoblo-qveynis damoukideblobisa da TviTmyofobisaTvis Tavganwiruli mebrZoli Sinaur da gareSe mtrebTan. heroika da patriotuli suliskveTeba msWvalavs `simReras sidze~. poemisaTvis sagrZnobia antiarabuli, antimuslimanuri tendenciebi, magram mas eucxoeba fanatizmi da religiuri egzaltacia. `simReras~ amkobs sidis meuRlis dona ximenas mSvidi, ojaxisa da qmris moyvaruli da erTguli qalis momxiblavi saxe. poemisaTvis ucnobia mijnurobis niSanwyali. 270
sityvis kona da saganTsamyaro 271 guram ramiSvili meCvidmete-meTvramete saukuneTa mijnaze Seiqmna sulxan-saba orbelianis `sibrZnesicruisa~, `swavlani~, `sityvis kona~ da es Rrma mizezebma ganapiroba _ qarTvelTa zneobrivad gadagvarebis safrTxe im xanaSi sruliad aSkara gaxda. erovnuli religia Seejaxa cxovrebis keTilad mowyobis maSindel biologiur instinqtebs da religiis Senobamac ryeva daiwyo. sulxan-saba orbelianma adreve Tavs idva didi misia: igi erovnuli TviTmyofadobis swored iseT saZirkvels miadga, romlis cxadyofac sruliad aucilebeli iyo Cveni xalxis TviTcnobierebis gansamtkiceblad da kulturis mkvidri Senobis asagebad axal, mZime viTarebaSi. es saZirkveli iyo dedaena, romlis SesaZleblobaTa gamosavlenadac daiwera `sityvis kona~. es samuSao swored xalxis cnobierebis enobrivi saTaveebis aRdgeniT unda dawyebuliyo. sabam gagviRo da Tavadve SegviZRva kidec im saidumlo karSi, saidanac erTaderTi da uSecdomo misasvlelia dedaenisa da, aqedan gamomdinare, erovnuli fsiqikis siRrmeebisken. misi mizani, ra Tqma unda, isic iyo, rom srulad aRenusxa qarTuli enis sityvieri maragi. magram es leqsikoni, Tavisi ganxorcielebis wesiT, sxva, ufro Rrma amocanas wyvets, vidre martooden sityvaTa Sekrebaa. Cven gvaocebs sityvis ganmartebis is wesi, rac ase iSviaTia da rac Zalian Znelia meTodad Camoayalibos im mkvlevarma, vinc ara mxolod moklebulia dedaenobriv alRos, aramed, rac mTavaria, imis gagebas, rom ena ar aris mxolod raimes Setyobinebis martivi iaraRi (aseTi iaraRi cxovelebsac aqvT), aramed igi aris, upirveles yovlisa, saganTxedvis wesi. mogvianebiT ase ityvis erTi didi dasavleTeli moazrovne: `yoveli ena xalxis msoflxedvaao~. magram es ukve Tqva sabam ara aseTi Teoriuli gancxadebiT, aramed (rac ufro mniSvnelovania) Tavisi leqsikoniT, romelic aris saxelmZRvanelo wigni qarTveli kacis enobrivi saganTxedvisa. amis mZafri SegrZneba uTuod hqonda erT-erT mis Tanamedroves, roca uTqvams: `Tu visme gwadis es wigni, egre gmatsT, viTa rusTvelsa~. amas ver ityodnen, igi rom mxolod leqsikoni yofiliyo da sxva araferi (gavixsenoT, rom ufro meti raodenobis xelnaweri cali arsebobs `sityvis konisa~, vidre TviT `vefxistyaosni-sa~!). qarTul sityvas rom aseTi didi misia dahkisreboda _ yofiliyo enobrivi msoflxedvis maSenebeli _ mas unda ecocxla leqsikonSic. sxva SemTxvevaSi igi aseT Zalas kargavda. sabam SeZlo TiTqmis SeuZlebeli _ metyvelebisagan `amokveTilsa~ da wignSi `gadanergil~ sityvas cxovelmyofeloba SeunarCuna, SeunarCuna sicocxle imgvarad, rom, Tu saWiro gaxda, ukan, metyvelebaSi `gadanergvisas~ igi isev ixarebs. rogor aRwevs saba amas? iqneb im sagnis zedmiwevniTi aRweriT, romelsac saTanado sityva aRniSnavs? ara, sabas leqsikonSi didTagan didi umravlesoba sityvebisa sagans pirdapir arc mihyveba; magram swored saganTa samyaroSi sabaseburad ganmartebul sityvebze ukeTesi gzis gamkvlevi Zneli warmosadgenia. dedaenis sityva saganze marjved morgebis wesia, magram mTeli saidumloeba is aris, rom morgebis es wesi yovelTvis sagniT ki ar aris nakarnaxevi, aramed, uwinares yovlisa, dedaenis kanonebiT, enaSi mniSvnelobaTa Tavmoyris iseTi unikaluri wesebiT, rasac mxolod gamaxvilebuli dedaenobrivi alRoTi SeiZleba mivwvdeT. amaSi gasawvrTnelad da dasaxelovneblad bevr SemTxvevaSi isev sabas unda mivmarToT. saba enidan amosvliT gascqeris saganTa sinamdviles da amiT arRvevs adamianis im Cveulebriv pozicias, roca mxolod sagnis cxadi mocemulobidan amodian. marTlac, Tu enas garedan, saganTa samyarodan SemovxedavT, maSin igi arcTu ise mniSvnelovnad mogveCveneba; maSin sityvebic sxva araferi iqneba, Tu ara mza saxiT mocemul saganTa ubralo aRmniSvnelebi, maTi mxolod bgeriTi etiketebi. magram sakmarisia enis SigniT `SevixedoT~ ise, rogorc amas saba gvaswavlis da Semdgom aqedan `gamov-
- Page 220 and 221: aRniSnuli kontrasti aixsneba ara du
- Page 222 and 223: platoni da rusTveli 222 baCana breg
- Page 224 and 225: am qveynad yvelafers Tavisi garkveu
- Page 226 and 227: eqstazi poetur simRerebad da sagalo
- Page 228 and 229: SevCerdebi mxolod erTze. movitan or
- Page 230 and 231: arbarosTa msaxvral xelsac ki gadaur
- Page 232 and 233: unebrivad unda migvaCndes, rom `vef
- Page 234 and 235: Su noi già il ciel dischiudesi…
- Page 236 and 237: usTavelis esTetika (nawyvetebi) 236
- Page 238 and 239: vefxistyaosnis centraluri saxeebi,
- Page 240 and 241: stilis xelovneba. mas sdevnian esTe
- Page 242 and 243: ogor SeviswavloT da rogor vaswavloT
- Page 244 and 245: personaJis emocia, amaRlebulis esTe
- Page 246 and 247: as qadagebs. rusTveli msoflmxedvelo
- Page 248 and 249: losofiuri motivirebacaa. da rac ars
- Page 250 and 251: avTandilis galoba 250 griver farula
- Page 252 and 253: dambadebeli usazRvro trfialebiT ems
- Page 254 and 255: avTandili Teurgia, xelovania, mTel
- Page 256 and 257: siaxle, Sen Semagulvane Secodebisa
- Page 258 and 259: ni, rac niSnavs giJs, Smags. roca S
- Page 260 and 261: xosrovis Svilma mariamisagan, mefe-
- Page 262 and 263: iT moindoma man Sirinis monadireba,
- Page 264 and 265: avi, beJanis da maniJes ambavi da s
- Page 266 and 267: isagan itanjeboda. sneulma maspinZe
- Page 268 and 269: nizebul redaqcias. aq TiTqmis mTlia
- Page 272 and 273: xedoT~ samyaros, rom maSinve vigrZn
- Page 274 and 275: xibli arakad Tqmisa 274 vaxtang gog
- Page 276 and 277: sulxan-sabas zneobrivi mrwamsis gag
- Page 278 and 279: adaTic. axaldabadebul vaJs aZleven
- Page 280 and 281: as, yoyloCinobas, umadurobas, flido
- Page 282 and 283: wignebSia gamokveTili. WeSmarit Tav
- Page 284 and 285: ganpirobebulia raimegvari motiviT,
- Page 286 and 287: `daviTianis~ avtori skefsisis Semwy
- Page 288 and 289: i poeziis saunjidan unda iyos amozi
- Page 290 and 291: luri qali RvTiur Zalad iqceva, real
- Page 292 and 293: turi TviTgardasaxvani, (`gind meZin
- Page 294 and 295: 2. rogorc aRvniSneT, `daviTianSi~ b
- Page 296 and 297: li gansazRvravda da Semdeg miawerda
- Page 298 and 299: lier pursac~ da saerTod, d. guramiS
- Page 300 and 301: a pirovnebaSi gaCndes mravali `me~.
- Page 302 and 303: mo sayvarelo, imyofebi sada? qveskn
- Page 304 and 305: 8. principi, rom adamiani ixatebode
- Page 306 and 307: nen, `marTlis Tqma~ iyo. Teoriulad
- Page 308 and 309: didsa iqmian mefeni puroba-darbazob
- Page 310 and 311: daviT guramiSvilma qarTul poeziaSi
- Page 312 and 313: sebaa. vaJa arasodes aravisi Taname
- Page 314 and 315: aqac iseve, rogorc pirvel magaliTSi
- Page 316 and 317: Sav Tval-warbas, pirad TeTrsa, asxd
- Page 318 and 319: ali~ - am fraziT xazgasmulia raRac
kaco-sagmiro da sapatronymo idealebi, amasTan samSoblo qveynis siyvarulis mxurvale<br />
grZnoba. `vefxistyaosnis~ ganTqmul aforizms `sjobs sicocxlesa nazraxsa sikvdili<br />
saxelovani~ Soridan exmaureba `rolandis~ aforizmi: `magram brZolaSi sikvdili<br />
sjobs, vidre Sercxvena~.<br />
`vefxistyaosnisagan~ gansxvavebiT, franguli poemis niSandobliv Tvisebas Seadgens<br />
saqristiano-sarwmunoebrivi motivis didi xvedriTi wona. sarwmunoebrivi momenti<br />
Zlier etyoba `rolandze simReris~ mTel Sinaarssa da ideur-SemecnebiTs mxares.<br />
rolandi da olivie iRupebian samSoblo qveynisa da qristianobis samsaxuris dros<br />
muslimanuri mtrebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.<br />
frangi truverisaTvis ucxo Cans samijnuro ganwyobilebani. aseT ganwyobilebebs<br />
adgili ver upovnia `rolandis simReraSi~. rolandis sacoles qalwul aldas saxe<br />
Zalian mkrTalad TinaTinobs poemaSi. momakvdav rolands cxadliv agondeba mis mier<br />
dapyrobili qveynebi, misi Zvirfasi samSoblo safrangeTi, sayvareli aRmzrdeli da<br />
patroni, naTesavebi... aldas Sesaxeb ki sruli dumilia.<br />
Tu `rolandis~ mixedviT, vaJkacobis stimulad xdeba samSoblos siyvaruli da<br />
sarwmunoebrivi gzneba, vefxistyaosnis mixedviT, raindebis gmirul saqmianobas fr-<br />
Tebs asxams samSoblos siyvarulsa da sazogadoebriv movaleobaTa SegnebasTan er-<br />
Tad maRalzneobrivi samijnuro grZnoba. vefxistyaosnis qal-personaJebTan SedarebiT,<br />
ra Tqma unda, sruliad usicocxloa da usaxuria qalwuli alda.<br />
simRera sidze<br />
simRera sidze espanuri nacionaluri eposis SesaniSnavi Zeglia, romelic literaturulad<br />
Camoyalibda 1140 – 1150 wlebs Sua. aq asaxulia espaneTis me-11 saukunis<br />
meore naxevris namdvili istoriuli ambebi. TviTon sidi istoriuli piria, mas erqva<br />
rodrigo dias (sidi zedwodebaa, warmodgeba seid-isagan), unda dabadebuliyo daaxloebiT<br />
1040 wels, gardacvlila me-11 saukunis miwurulSi, 1099 wels. Tumca `simReraSi~<br />
sidi idealizebulia, magram igi mainc Zalian hgavs Tavis istoriul prototips.<br />
saerTod, simRera sidze `Более точна в конкретно-историческом отношении, чем какойлибо<br />
иной из известных нам образцов западноевропейского эпоса~.<br />
realisturi elferi aRbeWdili aqvs poemis yvela epizods. rogorc istoriuli<br />
piri da rogorc `simReris~ personaJi, sidi monawileobda espaneTis mefe-mTavarTa<br />
mraval saSinao omSi, gansakuTrebiT gaiTqva man saxeli muslimanebis winaaRmdeg<br />
warmoebuli gmiruli brZolebiT. sidi iyo espaneTis didi erovnuli gmiri, samSoblo-qveynis<br />
damoukideblobisa da TviTmyofobisaTvis Tavganwiruli mebrZoli Sinaur<br />
da gareSe mtrebTan. heroika da patriotuli suliskveTeba msWvalavs `simReras<br />
sidze~. poemisaTvis sagrZnobia antiarabuli, antimuslimanuri tendenciebi, magram<br />
mas eucxoeba fanatizmi da religiuri egzaltacia. `simReras~ amkobs sidis meuRlis<br />
dona ximenas mSvidi, ojaxisa da qmris moyvaruli da erTguli qalis momxiblavi saxe.<br />
poemisaTvis ucnobia mijnurobis niSanwyali.<br />
270
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