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isagan itanjeboda. sneulma maspinZelma stumari mainc moridebiT moikiTxa. erTba- Sad gaisma Semzaravi kvnesis xma. sarangma Semoitana Subi, imis wveridan mowveTda sisxli. Seiqmna xmauri, CoCqoli, qviTini. amoatares sakvirvelebaTa-sakvirveleba – grali. daasvenes avadmyofis win. parcifali gaocebuli Sehyurebda yovelives, ena ar dauZravs, dumda (arturis karze misma gamwafvelma keTilma gurnemancma aswavla laparakis morideba). Turme avadmyofs rom Sesityveboda da misi sneulebis Taobaze sityva Camoegdo, ubedurs samudamod ixsnida gansacdelisagan, aafortasi ganikurneboda. parcifals mosasveneblad miuCines calke darbazi. SfoTiani Rame gaatara. diliT sawolidan rom adga, veravin ipova, irgvliv sicariele sufevda. danaRvlianebuli ganSorda sasaxles, male darwmunda SecdomaSi, magram sinanuli gvianRa iyo. Semdeg parcifalma bevri samamaco saqme Caidina, sworupovari falavani-raindis saxeli moipova, magram gralze ocnebas ver eleoda. parcifals, sxvaTa Soris, Serkineba mouxda Tavis `warmarT~ naxevarZmasTan, bumberaz feirafisTan, romelic qristianul rjulze moaqcia da monaTla. zneobriv-sarwmunoebrivad imdenad gafaqizda da amaRlda parcifali, rom mas RvTaebrivi ganCinebis wyalobiT sabolood ergo grali. gaxelmwifda. gralis sasaxlis patroni gaxda. gankurna anfortasi. ukanaskneli ise damSvenda, rom parcifalis silamazec ki daCrdila, daemsgavsa daviT winaswarmetyvelis silamaziT ganTqmul Svil abesaloms. anfortasma gadawyvita cxovrebis dar- Cenili dReni sulieri cxovrebisa da gralis samsaxurisaTvis Seewira. parcifals kondviramurisagan hyavda ori vaJi (tyupebi). erTma maTganma, loengrinma, saamqveyno cxovrebas zurgi Seaqcia. mamam mas daumkvidra gralis sasaxle. moyvanili mokle Sinaarsidanac sakmirisi sicxadiT Cans `parcifalis~ saerTo xasiaTi. poemis mixedviT, gmirebs amoZravebT an rainduli saxelis moxveWis TviTmiznuri misawrafebani, anda sarwmunoebriv-mistikuri midrekilebani, poemis mTavari gmiris, parcifalisaTvis ucnobia namdvili samijnuro Tavgadasavali, bunebrivad aR- Zruli samijnuro gancdebi, grZnobaTa Widili, sulieri konfliqtebi, dramatizmi. parcifalisa da kondviramuris saxeebis gamosakveTad volfram eSenbaxeli ver iyenebs personaJTa fsiqologiuri daxasiaTebis xerxebs. `gamijnureba~ da colis Ser- Tva, Cveulebriv, SemTxveviTs garemoebas ukavSirdeba. rogorc wesi, colis moyvanis uflebas raindi imsaxurebs Tavisi vaJkacuri saqmianobiT (am mxriT, `parcifali~ erTgvarad emsgavseba `amirandarejanians~). marTalia, `parcifali~ kompoziciurad rTuli, rTul-planiani nawarmoebia. mTavar siuJetur ambavs (parcifalis Tavgadasavals) enaskveba rigi Senakadi ambavi. maT Soris gamoirCeva gavanis vrceli saraindo-samijnuro epizodi. gavanis ambavi parcifalis ambis sapirispirod aris mofiqrebuli. ramdenadme miamitsa da mouqnels, magram znefaqizsa da Rrmad morwmune parcifals garkveulad upirispirdeba galanturi, oRond msubuqi yofaqcevis gavani. gavanma didad gaiTqva saxeli saraindo moRvaweobis asparezze, bevr saxifaTo SerkinebaSi gaimarjva, bevri kekluci mandilosnis guli moigo, magram gralis mopovebis pativi ver daimsaxura. amisaTvis mas ar hyofnida sarwmunoebrivi grZnobis siRrme da zneobrivi sisrule. did yuradRebas iqcevs sigunes (Sigune) ambavi. sigune iyo parcifalis axlo naTesavi qali, romelic msxverplad Seewira udrood daRupuli misi raindi satrfos gamoglovebas. mWmunvare sigune asaxierebs Rrmad mgrZnobiare, nazs da erTgul, magram ramdenadme usicocxlosa da TiTqo ara miwieri vnebaTaRelvisaTvis Seqmnil Seyvarebul qals. sigunes ambavs aRbeWdili aqvs mistikuri ieri. eSenbaxelis msoflmxedvelobas Zlier zRudavs qriatianul-sarwmunoebrivi aRmsarebloba. uaRresobamdis zRaprul-fantastikuria da mistikuri gralis sasaxlis mTeli istoria. jadosnuri gralis, viTomda saqristiano am reliqviis Ziebas ewireba parcifalis umTavresi safalavno-saraindo moRvaweoba. parcifali samisionero saqmianobasac eweoda. man daamarcxa da qristianul rjulze moaqcia, monaTla, misi `warmarTi~ (mahmadiani) naxevarZma feirafisi. sagulismoa, rom parcifalis mamam Ti- Tqo sarwmunoebrivi sxvaobis gamo miatova Tavisi pirveli coli, Tumca `warmarTi~ 266

meuRle mzad iyo mieRo qmris rjuli. materialuri cxovrebis uaryofa, asketikuri gandegiloba da saqristiano cru-reliqviis samsaxuri poema `parcifaliT~ miCneulia saidealo-samadlo saqmed. lanseloti tipiuri satrfialo-saraindo romania kretien de truas (me-12 saukunis meore naxevari) `lanseloti anu urmis raindi~ (Tavisi Txzuleba kretiens darCa daumTavrebeli. igi sxvam daasrula). ganTqmuli saqveyno raindi lanseloti gaumijnurda mefe arturis mSvenier meuRles ganievras (Ganievre). kopwia da grZnobieri dedofali jer qmris Zmiswuls yvarobda, Semdeg lanselots miuZRvna Tavisi guli. lanselotma Tavisi uwindeli satrfo, axalgazrda qvrivi, miatova da dedoflis Tayvanismcemeli gaxda. tyeSi moseirne dedofali gaitaca masze Seyvarebulma mTavris Svilma meleaganma (Meleagans). lanseloti daedevna gamtacebels. igi iZulebuli Seiqna emgzavra qondriskacis urmiT (rac raindis Rirsebas amcirebda). lanselotma daamarcxa (da sabolood mokla kidevac) Tavisi moqiSpe, dedofali daisakuTra da misi siaxloviT datkba, Tumca bevri dabrkolebis gadalaxva dasWirda, karga xans patimrad iyo meleaganis mamulSi. sapyrobilidan gamoapara meleaganis dam. poemis finali mainc sarwmunoebriv-mistikuria. aqac scenaze gamodis graali (igive graali)...…kretein de truas mier asaxuli siyvaruli kurtuaziulia, maneruli, sxvadasxva pirobiTobiT SezRuduli da gansazRvruli. es siyvaruli ver daiqadnis zneobrivi cxovrebis damamSvenebeli da gamafaqizebeli TvisebebiT: dedofali ganievra Wirveuli da pranWia, mokekluce mandilosania, pativmoyvare da uflebamoyvare, romlisTvisac ucxoa qaluri kdemamosileba da mokrZaleba. igi ar Takilobda pirfer Tayvanismcemlebs, Tumca sruli TanagrZnoba lanselots gauwia. magram satrfos erTgulebaSi rom darwmunebuliyo da raindis monuri morCileba daedasturebina, igi zogjer sasacilo (da samarcxvino) mdgomareobaSi ayenebda Tavis rCeuls, lanselotic iZulebuli xdeboda udrtvinvelad da warbSeuxrelad Seesrulebina Wirveuli dedoflis axirebani. lanseloti yurmoWrili mona-msaxuri iyo Tavisi haerovani qalbatonisa. Tavisi mxriT, lanselotma advilad daTmo erTguli satrfo, rodesac dedoflis mijnuri gaxda. koxta dedoflis mijnuroba, ra Tqma unda, sapatio iyo da Tavmosawoni raindisaTvis. tipiuria, rom raindi gaumijnurda qmrian mandilosans (adrec igi qvriv qals hyvarobda). `mrgvali magidis~ meufe arturi poemiT asaxierebs unebisyofo, uTavmoyvareo, gulubryvilo kacs, romelic asrulebs gawbilebuli, rqosani meuRlis sasacilo rols. arturi dedofalma jer qmris Zmiswulze gacvala, Semdeg lanselotze. brmad da avadmyofurad Seyvarebulma qmarma yvelaferi apatia Tavis orgul cols. rusTvelisa da kretien de truas warmosaxul mijnurobas `Sua uzis didi zRvari~. uazro iqneboda mijnurobis am ori saxeobis Sesapirispireblad sityvis gagrZeleba. vityviT mxolod, rom _ rogorc ukve SevniSneT _ verc `lanseloti~ acda graalis mistikuri ambis zemoqmedebas. albaT es (Tu sxva) garemoeba aqvs mxedvelobaSi safrangeTis Tanamedrove gamoCenil mweral lui aragons, rodesac ambobs: `vefxistyaosani Sua saukuneebis yvelaze SesaniSnavi qmnilebaa. dasavleT evropis imave epoqis didi poemebisagan gansxvavebiT, igi Tavisufalia yovelgvari mistikisagan da, aRorZinebis epoqis qmnilebaTa msgavsad, qristianul moZRvrebaze maRla dgas... saqarTvelom warmoSva Tavisi dante, maSin roca Cven kretien de truamde Zlivs mivaRwieT~. tristan da izolda (izolde) mRelvare da daucxromeli, oRond tragikuli siyvarulis warmtaci ambavi moTxrobilia `tristanisa da izoldas wignSi~.Ees romani arsebiTad warmoadgens dasavleT evropis garkveul socialur sinamdvilesTan Sexamebuli `visramianis~ qristia- 267

isagan itanjeboda. sneulma maspinZelma stumari mainc moridebiT moikiTxa. erTba-<br />

Sad gaisma Semzaravi kvnesis xma. sarangma Semoitana Subi, imis wveridan mowveTda sisxli.<br />

Seiqmna xmauri, CoCqoli, qviTini. amoatares sakvirvelebaTa-sakvirveleba – grali.<br />

daasvenes avadmyofis win. parcifali gaocebuli Sehyurebda yovelives, ena ar<br />

dauZravs, dumda (arturis karze misma gamwafvelma keTilma gurnemancma aswavla laparakis<br />

morideba). Turme avadmyofs rom Sesityveboda da misi sneulebis Taobaze sityva<br />

Camoegdo, ubedurs samudamod ixsnida gansacdelisagan, aafortasi ganikurneboda.<br />

parcifals mosasveneblad miuCines calke darbazi. SfoTiani Rame gaatara. diliT<br />

sawolidan rom adga, veravin ipova, irgvliv sicariele sufevda. danaRvlianebuli<br />

ganSorda sasaxles, male darwmunda SecdomaSi, magram sinanuli gvianRa iyo. Semdeg<br />

parcifalma bevri samamaco saqme Caidina, sworupovari falavani-raindis saxeli<br />

moipova, magram gralze ocnebas ver eleoda. parcifals, sxvaTa Soris, Serkineba mouxda<br />

Tavis `warmarT~ naxevarZmasTan, bumberaz feirafisTan, romelic qristianul<br />

rjulze moaqcia da monaTla. zneobriv-sarwmunoebrivad imdenad gafaqizda da amaRlda<br />

parcifali, rom mas RvTaebrivi ganCinebis wyalobiT sabolood ergo grali. gaxelmwifda.<br />

gralis sasaxlis patroni gaxda. gankurna anfortasi. ukanaskneli ise<br />

damSvenda, rom parcifalis silamazec ki daCrdila, daemsgavsa daviT winaswarmetyvelis<br />

silamaziT ganTqmul Svil abesaloms. anfortasma gadawyvita cxovrebis dar-<br />

Cenili dReni sulieri cxovrebisa da gralis samsaxurisaTvis Seewira. parcifals<br />

kondviramurisagan hyavda ori vaJi (tyupebi). erTma maTganma, loengrinma, saamqveyno<br />

cxovrebas zurgi Seaqcia. mamam mas daumkvidra gralis sasaxle.<br />

moyvanili mokle Sinaarsidanac sakmirisi sicxadiT Cans `parcifalis~ saerTo<br />

xasiaTi. poemis mixedviT, gmirebs amoZravebT an rainduli saxelis moxveWis TviTmiznuri<br />

misawrafebani, anda sarwmunoebriv-mistikuri midrekilebani, poemis mTavari<br />

gmiris, parcifalisaTvis ucnobia namdvili samijnuro Tavgadasavali, bunebrivad aR-<br />

Zruli samijnuro gancdebi, grZnobaTa Widili, sulieri konfliqtebi, dramatizmi.<br />

parcifalisa da kondviramuris saxeebis gamosakveTad volfram eSenbaxeli ver iyenebs<br />

personaJTa fsiqologiuri daxasiaTebis xerxebs. `gamijnureba~ da colis Ser-<br />

Tva, Cveulebriv, SemTxveviTs garemoebas ukavSirdeba. rogorc wesi, colis moyvanis<br />

uflebas raindi imsaxurebs Tavisi vaJkacuri saqmianobiT (am mxriT, `parcifali~<br />

erTgvarad emsgavseba `amirandarejanians~).<br />

marTalia, `parcifali~ kompoziciurad rTuli, rTul-planiani nawarmoebia. mTavar<br />

siuJetur ambavs (parcifalis Tavgadasavals) enaskveba rigi Senakadi ambavi. maT<br />

Soris gamoirCeva gavanis vrceli saraindo-samijnuro epizodi. gavanis ambavi parcifalis<br />

ambis sapirispirod aris mofiqrebuli. ramdenadme miamitsa da mouqnels, magram<br />

znefaqizsa da Rrmad morwmune parcifals garkveulad upirispirdeba galanturi,<br />

oRond msubuqi yofaqcevis gavani. gavanma didad gaiTqva saxeli saraindo moRvaweobis<br />

asparezze, bevr saxifaTo SerkinebaSi gaimarjva, bevri kekluci mandilosnis<br />

guli moigo, magram gralis mopovebis pativi ver daimsaxura. amisaTvis mas ar hyofnida<br />

sarwmunoebrivi grZnobis siRrme da zneobrivi sisrule.<br />

did yuradRebas iqcevs sigunes (Sigune) ambavi. sigune iyo parcifalis axlo naTesavi<br />

qali, romelic msxverplad Seewira udrood daRupuli misi raindi satrfos<br />

gamoglovebas. mWmunvare sigune asaxierebs Rrmad mgrZnobiare, nazs da erTgul, magram<br />

ramdenadme usicocxlosa da TiTqo ara miwieri vnebaTaRelvisaTvis Seqmnil Seyvarebul<br />

qals. sigunes ambavs aRbeWdili aqvs mistikuri ieri.<br />

eSenbaxelis msoflmxedvelobas Zlier zRudavs qriatianul-sarwmunoebrivi aRmsarebloba.<br />

uaRresobamdis zRaprul-fantastikuria da mistikuri gralis sasaxlis<br />

mTeli istoria. jadosnuri gralis, viTomda saqristiano am reliqviis Ziebas ewireba<br />

parcifalis umTavresi safalavno-saraindo moRvaweoba. parcifali samisionero<br />

saqmianobasac eweoda. man daamarcxa da qristianul rjulze moaqcia, monaTla, misi<br />

`warmarTi~ (mahmadiani) naxevarZma feirafisi. sagulismoa, rom parcifalis mamam Ti-<br />

Tqo sarwmunoebrivi sxvaobis gamo miatova Tavisi pirveli coli, Tumca `warmarTi~<br />

266

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