iii_tomi.pdf
iii_tomi.pdf iii_tomi.pdf
avi, beJanis da maniJes ambavi da sxv.) `Sahname~ da vefxistyaosani Janrobrivad sxvadasxva tipis nawarmoebebia. sxvadasxvaa isini Sinaarsobrivadac. `Sahname~ qarTulad niSnavs `mefeTa wigns~. marTlac, aq moTxrobilia iranel mefeTa Tavgadasavali mi- Turi periodidan Cveni welTaRricxvis me-7 saukunemde (iranSi arab-muslimanTa batonobis damyarebamde). Janrobriv-Sinaarsobrivi sxvadasxvaobis miuxedavad, am or Txzulebas Soris mainc SeiniSneba zogierTi msgavseba. magaliTad, `Sahnames~ umTavresi falavani rostomi tarielis msgavsad vefxvis tyavs atarebda samoselad. `SahnameTi~ vefxvis tyavi niSania gmirobisa da mamacobisa. vefxistyaosniT ki vefxvis tyavis simbolika principulad gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobis mqonea. mSvenieri vefxvis saxe tariels agonebda nestans (`rome vefxi Svenieri saxed misad damisaxavs, amad miyvars tyavi misi, kabad Cemad mominaxavs~), vefxvis tyavis samosiT tarieli TiTqo xorcielad ukavSirdeboda nestans, xolo sulierad xom misgan mudmiv ganuyreli iyo. rostomi da avTandili sagmiro-safalavno moRvaweobisas saSualebad iyenebdnen xerxs. rostomma vaWris tansacmeli gadaicva da ucxoel sovdagrad SeniRbuli ewvia Turamis qveyanas, rom gamoexsna tyveobaSi myofi beJani. avTandili jer iyo da va- WarTuxucesis rolSi moevlina gulanSaros, vaWrulad gadacmuli apirebda qajeTis cixeSi Separvas nestanis gasaTavisufleblad. unda SevniSnoT, rom vaWrad gadacmis motivi moaruli motivia, romelic farTod aris gavrcelebuli msoflio literaturaSi. misi erTi varianti cnobilia `balavris sibrZniT~, romelic qarTulad Camoyalibda ara ugvianes me-9-10 saukuneebisa (vaWrad gadacmulma balavarma moaxerxa iodasafis sasaxleSi SeRweva da ufliswulTan ganmartoeba qristianuli moZRvrebis saqadageblad). vefxistyaosnisagan gansxvavebiT `Sahname~ aris uaRresad zRaprulfantastikuri xasiaTis nawarmoebi, sadac did rols asruleben avi sulebi da jadosnuri Zalebi. amisda miuxedavad, iranul eposSic garkveulad ganviTarebulia ise- Ti ideebi, romlebic niSandoblivia vefxistyaosnisaTvis (vaJkacobis idealizacia, qveynis gaerTianebisa da patronebisadmi – mefeebisadmi – morCilebis qadageba, sam- Soblos siyvaruli da mtrebis winaaRmdeg daundobeli brZolis saWiroeba, keTili da boroti Zalebis brZola da a. S.). oRond es motivebi sxvadasxvagvarad da sxvadasxva siuJetur-Sinaarsobriv masalazea gaSlili Sahnamesa da vefxistyaosanSi. sanimu- Sod SeiZleba SevCerdeT keTilisa da boroti Zalebis brZolis ideaze. es idea asaxuli aqvs Zveli da axali drois ara erT gamoCenil msoflio mwerals rogorc aRmosavleTSi, ise dasavleTSi. vefxistyaosnis mixedviT keTili Zalebis daucxromeli brZolis Sedegad qajeTis cixeSi (borotebis samyaroSi) gamomwyvdeuli nestani (sikeTis simbolo) ganTavisuflda, `borotsa sZlia keTilman, arseba misi grZelia~. rusTveli aviTarebs borotze keTilis gamarjvebis optimistur Tvalsazriss. `SahnameSi~ (`Sahnames~ pirvel nawilSi) borot Zalas arsebiTad asaxierebs Turamis mxare, keTils – irani. uTavbolo omebi mimdinareobs sisxlisZiebisa da SurisZiebis niadagze. ufliswulma Turma veragulad mokla Tavisi umcrosi Zma, keTili da saTno ireji. amis gamo iranelebma Suri iZies (sisxli iZies) Turanelebze. erTxans mSvidoba damyarda. magram Turanelma afrasiobma kvlav muxanaTurad daRvara keTilSobili iraneli ufliswulis siaoSis marTali sisxli. axali, xangrZlivi brZolebis lozungad iqca SurisZieba siaoSisaTvis. `Sahnames~ bolo nawilSi moTxrobilia ahrimanis (boroti RmerTis) saSineli naSieris muslimani dampyroblebis ZalmomreobiTi batonobis damyareba iranis qveyanaSi. firdousi imiT amTavrebs Tavis uzarmazar poemas, rom gamarjveba rCeba borot Zalebs (borot dampyroblebs). es pesimisturi idea mkafiod gamosWvivis `Sahnamedan~. SurisZiebis motivi Tavidan bolomde gasdevs firdousis poemas, am poemis siuJetis magistralur xazs. rusTvelisaTvis ucxoa Suris- Ziebis (sisxlisZiebis) motivi, am motivs aviTareben mxolod vefxistyaosnis interpolatorebi da gamgrZeleblebi. 264
SoTa rusTvelis winamorbedni da Tanamedroveni qarTulsa da msoflioli teraturaSi SoTa rusTvels TanamoZmeni hyavda dasavleT samyaroSic. SeumCneveli ar darCenila `vefxistyaosnis~ zogi motivis msgavseba Sua saukuneebis evropul literaturaSi. amis Taobaze seriozulad werda artur zutneri 1884 wels gamoqveynebul narkvev- Si. Tavis mxriT, n. mari erTgvari gakvirvebiT SeniSnavda Tavis ganTqmul rusTvelologiur gamokvlevaSi (`Култь женщины и рыцарство в поэме~), `Любопытно именно то, что сродные, иногда до тождества схожие черты наблюдаются в литературах стран, не имевших, казалось бы, возможности взаимно общаться~. amJamad sakmarisad aris dagrovili iseTi specialuri literatura, romelic miznad isaxavs gaarkvios vefxistyaosnis mimarTeba rogorc aRmosavluri, ise dasavluri msoflios mwerlobisadmi. SesaZlebeli xdeba erTgvari daskvnebis gakeTebac. vefxistyaosani rom konkretul niadagze SevupirispiroT msoflio literaturis nimuSebs, uwinares yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT misi asaki (warmoSobis dro), Tematikur-Janrobrivi da Sinaarsobriv-ideuri xasiaTi, agreTve Sesaferisi istoriul-kulturuli da istoriul-socialuri garemo. amdenad, Cveni yuradRebis sagani unda gaxdes dasavleT evropis literaturidan sagmiro-saraindo poezia (`simRera rolandze~, `simRera sidze~, `simRera nibelungebze~) da saraindo romanebi e. w. mrgvali magidisa (sanimuSod, `parsevali~ an `parcifali~, `lanseloti anu urmis raindi~). gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs `wigni tristanisa da izoldasi~. rusuli literaturis istoriidan `vefxistyaosnis~ moasakea `ambavi igoris laSqrobisa~. SepirispirebisaTvis, rasakvirvelia, met safuZvels iZleva aRmosavleTis literaturuli samyaro. dasavleT evropis literaturul cxovrebasTan me-11-12 saukuneebSi Cvens qveyanas uSualo kavSiri ar hqonia, magram, rogorc viciT, mainc SeiniSneba rigi saerTo movlena. amis cxadsayoflad da garkveuli daskvnebis gamosatanad Zalian mokled gavarCevT ramdenime sanimuSo Sesaferis poetur Zegls. parcifali poema iwyeba parcifalis mamis gaxmuretis Tavgadasavlis aRweriT. gaxmureti iyo anJus mflobelis Svili, SesaniSnavi raindi, saraindo-savaJkaco qmedobisaTvis igi gaemgzavra baRdadSi, eaxla iqaur mflobels baruxs, sarwmunoebiT mahmadians. Sveloda omebSi. baRdadidan gaxmureti gadavida mavrebis qveyanaSi, daexmara dedofal belakanes (Konigin Belakane), coladac SeirTo. orsuli dedofali miatova (misi `urwmunoeba~ moimizeza) da espaneTSi gardaixvewa. iq mefobda dedofali herceloidi (herceloide). bevri sagmiro saqme Seasrula. moipova dedofal herceloidis xeli. qorwilis Semdeg did dros ar gaevlo, rom baruxisagan mociquli mouvida, sTxovda daxmarebas. dauyovnebliv gaeSura. male daiRupa omSi. damwuxrebul herceloides sanugeSod mieca vaJiSvili – momavali didebuli raindi parcifali. SvilisaTvis rom raindobasTan dakavSirebuli xifaTi aecilebina, dedofali tyeSi dasaxlda, ymawvilTan akrZaluli iyo raindis xseneba. erTxel is SemTxveviT mainc waawyda moxetiale raindebs, Zalze moewona. imaTgan gaigo, rom saraindo zneobaSi daxelovneba SeiZleboda mefe arturis karze. dedis Zlieri winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, gaiWra, ewvia arturs, Wabuki parcifali sasacilo iyo axirebuli CacmulobiT (dedam gangeb morTo ase), mouxeSaobiTa da gulubryvilo qceviT, magram yuradRebas ipyrobda momxiblavi garegnobiT. keTilSobileba etyoboda da didi ZalRonis patroni Canda. arturis karze igi gawafes. parcifali Seudga saraindo saxelis mosapoveblad saWiro mgzavrobas. saraindo saqmeebs asrulebda `mandilosnis samsaxuris~ wesiT. parcifalma mtrebisagan ixsna mSvenieri kondviramuris (Kondwiramur) qveyana, TviTon kondviramuri colad SeirTo. raindi ocnebobda gralis mopovebaze. SedarebiT advilad moxvda kidevac gralis sasaxleSi. Zlier ganaTebulsa da saucxood morTul darbazSi aRmoCnda. Semoiyvanes sasaxlis patroni anfortasi, romelic mZime avadmyofo- 265
- Page 214 and 215: nebis, misi simdidris mtkicebaSia,
- Page 216 and 217: 2. `raca vis ra bedma misces, dasje
- Page 218 and 219: 25. `viT moixmaros monaman patronsa
- Page 220 and 221: aRniSnuli kontrasti aixsneba ara du
- Page 222 and 223: platoni da rusTveli 222 baCana breg
- Page 224 and 225: am qveynad yvelafers Tavisi garkveu
- Page 226 and 227: eqstazi poetur simRerebad da sagalo
- Page 228 and 229: SevCerdebi mxolod erTze. movitan or
- Page 230 and 231: arbarosTa msaxvral xelsac ki gadaur
- Page 232 and 233: unebrivad unda migvaCndes, rom `vef
- Page 234 and 235: Su noi già il ciel dischiudesi…
- Page 236 and 237: usTavelis esTetika (nawyvetebi) 236
- Page 238 and 239: vefxistyaosnis centraluri saxeebi,
- Page 240 and 241: stilis xelovneba. mas sdevnian esTe
- Page 242 and 243: ogor SeviswavloT da rogor vaswavloT
- Page 244 and 245: personaJis emocia, amaRlebulis esTe
- Page 246 and 247: as qadagebs. rusTveli msoflmxedvelo
- Page 248 and 249: losofiuri motivirebacaa. da rac ars
- Page 250 and 251: avTandilis galoba 250 griver farula
- Page 252 and 253: dambadebeli usazRvro trfialebiT ems
- Page 254 and 255: avTandili Teurgia, xelovania, mTel
- Page 256 and 257: siaxle, Sen Semagulvane Secodebisa
- Page 258 and 259: ni, rac niSnavs giJs, Smags. roca S
- Page 260 and 261: xosrovis Svilma mariamisagan, mefe-
- Page 262 and 263: iT moindoma man Sirinis monadireba,
- Page 266 and 267: isagan itanjeboda. sneulma maspinZe
- Page 268 and 269: nizebul redaqcias. aq TiTqmis mTlia
- Page 270 and 271: kaco-sagmiro da sapatronymo idealeb
- Page 272 and 273: xedoT~ samyaros, rom maSinve vigrZn
- Page 274 and 275: xibli arakad Tqmisa 274 vaxtang gog
- Page 276 and 277: sulxan-sabas zneobrivi mrwamsis gag
- Page 278 and 279: adaTic. axaldabadebul vaJs aZleven
- Page 280 and 281: as, yoyloCinobas, umadurobas, flido
- Page 282 and 283: wignebSia gamokveTili. WeSmarit Tav
- Page 284 and 285: ganpirobebulia raimegvari motiviT,
- Page 286 and 287: `daviTianis~ avtori skefsisis Semwy
- Page 288 and 289: i poeziis saunjidan unda iyos amozi
- Page 290 and 291: luri qali RvTiur Zalad iqceva, real
- Page 292 and 293: turi TviTgardasaxvani, (`gind meZin
- Page 294 and 295: 2. rogorc aRvniSneT, `daviTianSi~ b
- Page 296 and 297: li gansazRvravda da Semdeg miawerda
- Page 298 and 299: lier pursac~ da saerTod, d. guramiS
- Page 300 and 301: a pirovnebaSi gaCndes mravali `me~.
- Page 302 and 303: mo sayvarelo, imyofebi sada? qveskn
- Page 304 and 305: 8. principi, rom adamiani ixatebode
- Page 306 and 307: nen, `marTlis Tqma~ iyo. Teoriulad
- Page 308 and 309: didsa iqmian mefeni puroba-darbazob
- Page 310 and 311: daviT guramiSvilma qarTul poeziaSi
- Page 312 and 313: sebaa. vaJa arasodes aravisi Taname
avi, beJanis da maniJes ambavi da sxv.) `Sahname~ da vefxistyaosani Janrobrivad sxvadasxva<br />
tipis nawarmoebebia. sxvadasxvaa isini Sinaarsobrivadac. `Sahname~ qarTulad<br />
niSnavs `mefeTa wigns~. marTlac, aq moTxrobilia iranel mefeTa Tavgadasavali mi-<br />
Turi periodidan Cveni welTaRricxvis me-7 saukunemde (iranSi arab-muslimanTa batonobis<br />
damyarebamde). Janrobriv-Sinaarsobrivi sxvadasxvaobis miuxedavad, am or<br />
Txzulebas Soris mainc SeiniSneba zogierTi msgavseba. magaliTad, `Sahnames~ umTavresi<br />
falavani ros<strong>tomi</strong> tarielis msgavsad vefxvis tyavs atarebda samoselad. `SahnameTi~<br />
vefxvis tyavi niSania gmirobisa da mamacobisa. vefxistyaosniT ki vefxvis tyavis<br />
simbolika principulad gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobis mqonea. mSvenieri vefxvis<br />
saxe tariels agonebda nestans (`rome vefxi Svenieri saxed misad damisaxavs, amad miyvars<br />
tyavi misi, kabad Cemad mominaxavs~), vefxvis tyavis samosiT tarieli TiTqo xorcielad<br />
ukavSirdeboda nestans, xolo sulierad xom misgan mudmiv ganuyreli iyo.<br />
ros<strong>tomi</strong> da avTandili sagmiro-safalavno moRvaweobisas saSualebad iyenebdnen xerxs.<br />
rostomma vaWris tansacmeli gadaicva da ucxoel sovdagrad SeniRbuli ewvia<br />
Turamis qveyanas, rom gamoexsna tyveobaSi myofi beJani. avTandili jer iyo da va-<br />
WarTuxucesis rolSi moevlina gulanSaros, vaWrulad gadacmuli apirebda qajeTis<br />
cixeSi Separvas nestanis gasaTavisufleblad. unda SevniSnoT, rom vaWrad gadacmis<br />
motivi moaruli motivia, romelic farTod aris gavrcelebuli msoflio literaturaSi.<br />
misi erTi varianti cnobilia `balavris sibrZniT~, romelic qarTulad Camoyalibda<br />
ara ugvianes me-9-10 saukuneebisa (vaWrad gadacmulma balavarma moaxerxa iodasafis<br />
sasaxleSi SeRweva da ufliswulTan ganmartoeba qristianuli moZRvrebis<br />
saqadageblad). vefxistyaosnisagan gansxvavebiT `Sahname~ aris uaRresad zRaprulfantastikuri<br />
xasiaTis nawarmoebi, sadac did rols asruleben avi sulebi da jadosnuri<br />
Zalebi. amisda miuxedavad, iranul eposSic garkveulad ganviTarebulia ise-<br />
Ti ideebi, romlebic niSandoblivia vefxistyaosnisaTvis (vaJkacobis idealizacia,<br />
qveynis gaerTianebisa da patronebisadmi – mefeebisadmi – morCilebis qadageba, sam-<br />
Soblos siyvaruli da mtrebis winaaRmdeg daundobeli brZolis saWiroeba, keTili<br />
da boroti Zalebis brZola da a. S.). oRond es motivebi sxvadasxvagvarad da sxvadasxva<br />
siuJetur-Sinaarsobriv masalazea gaSlili Sahnamesa da vefxistyaosanSi. sanimu-<br />
Sod SeiZleba SevCerdeT keTilisa da boroti Zalebis brZolis ideaze. es idea asaxuli<br />
aqvs Zveli da axali drois ara erT gamoCenil msoflio mwerals rogorc aRmosavleTSi,<br />
ise dasavleTSi. vefxistyaosnis mixedviT keTili Zalebis daucxromeli<br />
brZolis Sedegad qajeTis cixeSi (borotebis samyaroSi) gamomwyvdeuli nestani (sikeTis<br />
simbolo) ganTavisuflda, `borotsa sZlia keTilman, arseba misi grZelia~.<br />
rusTveli aviTarebs borotze keTilis gamarjvebis optimistur Tvalsazriss. `SahnameSi~<br />
(`Sahnames~ pirvel nawilSi) borot Zalas arsebiTad asaxierebs Turamis mxare,<br />
keTils – irani. uTavbolo omebi mimdinareobs sisxlisZiebisa da SurisZiebis niadagze.<br />
ufliswulma Turma veragulad mokla Tavisi umcrosi Zma, keTili da saTno ireji.<br />
amis gamo iranelebma Suri iZies (sisxli iZies) Turanelebze. erTxans mSvidoba<br />
damyarda. magram Turanelma afrasiobma kvlav muxanaTurad daRvara keTilSobili<br />
iraneli ufliswulis siaoSis marTali sisxli. axali, xangrZlivi brZolebis lozungad<br />
iqca SurisZieba siaoSisaTvis. `Sahnames~ bolo nawilSi moTxrobilia ahrimanis<br />
(boroti RmerTis) saSineli naSieris muslimani dampyroblebis ZalmomreobiTi<br />
batonobis damyareba iranis qveyanaSi. firdousi imiT amTavrebs Tavis uzarmazar poemas,<br />
rom gamarjveba rCeba borot Zalebs (borot dampyroblebs). es pesimisturi idea<br />
mkafiod gamosWvivis `Sahnamedan~. SurisZiebis motivi Tavidan bolomde gasdevs firdousis<br />
poemas, am poemis siuJetis magistralur xazs. rusTvelisaTvis ucxoa Suris-<br />
Ziebis (sisxlisZiebis) motivi, am motivs aviTareben mxolod vefxistyaosnis interpolatorebi<br />
da gamgrZeleblebi.<br />
264
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