iii_tomi.pdf
iii_tomi.pdf iii_tomi.pdf
losofiuri motivirebacaa. da rac arsebiTia, Tanaxmad axali epoqis interesisa analitikuri da praqtikuli kvlevisadmi, borotis ar arsebobis Teza poemaSi aris ara mxolod Teologiur-metafizikuri gansjis, aramed praqtikul-eqsperimentuli Ziebis sagani: nadirobisas naxuli ucnauri ucxo moyme da misi saswaulebrivi gaqroba rostevanma boroti Zalis mosvlad CaTvala. TinaTini Teologiuri argumentiT umtkicebs mamas sapirispiros: keTili Semoqmedi RmerTi borots ar Seqmnidao (`borotimca rad Seeqmna keTilisa Semoqmedsa!~). magram am TvalsazrisSi dasarwmuneblad praqtikul Ziebas wamoiwyebs – ucxo moymis saZebrad xangrZlivi vadiT agzavnis avTandils da ambobs: `vera hpoveb, davijereb, iyo Ture uCinari~. amgvarad, rusTvelis filosofiur msoflmxedvelobaSi Cans Taviseburi sinTezi areopagelidan momdinare neoplatonizmisa da gviandel SuasaukuneebSi aristotelianuris saxeliT cnobili metafizikuri azrovnebisa da misi maRalganviTarebuli qristianuli Teologiis bazaze gaazreba. am TaviseburebiTac Cans, rom poetis msoflmxedvelobaSi renesansuli horizontebi ikveTeba da mis paralelad evropul literaturaSi isev dante aligieri warmoCindeba. amqveyniuri realobis faseulobaSi darwmuneba, adamianuri samyaros silamazis WeSmariti Semecneba, adamianuri gonebis, inteleqtisadmi ndobis gamocxadeba rusTvelis SemoqmedebaSi uSualod da winaaRmdegobis gareSe erwymis tradiciul qristianul ideals _ sulis ukvdavebis, keTili da mowyale Semoqmedis maradiulobisa da sikvdilis Semdeg am usasrulo RvTaebasTan Serwymis rwmenas. esec renesansuli ideebis pirveli afeTqebis Taviseburebaa, rac imas niSnavs, rom rusTvelTan tradiciuli Suasaukuneobrivi idealebi, qristianuli rwmenis ZiriTadi postulatebi harmoniulad erwymis amqveyniuri realobis faseulobis renesansul ideals. vefxistyaosnis msoflmxedveloba Suasaukuneobrivisa da renesansulis harmoniaa. amgvari darwmuneba ormag _ adamianur da RvTaebriv _ idealSi Sinagani sidiadisa da simSvidis Rrma gancdiT unda yofiliyo garemoculi. es msoflmxedvelobiTi Taviseburebac unda ganapirobebdes im did poeturobas, rasac vefxistyaosani dRemde inarCunebs. vefxistyaosani misi Tanamedrove da uSualod momdevno Tu winamorbedi didi literaturuli qmnilebebidan erT-erTi pirvelTagania, romelic yvelaze meti gaazrebiTa da TanmimdevrobiT gamokveTs axal msoflSegrZnebas _ Suasaukuneebis transcendentul msoflmxedvelobaSi moazrebul romantikuli Seferilobis realistur xedvas. rusTveli Cveni Tanamedrove epoqiseuli azrovnebis axalgazrdobaa. igi, cxovrebiseul silamazes, siZlieres da umaRles sulier-emociur idealebs mindobili, ocnebobs adamianis bednierebaze da am bednierebas, saukuno sasufevelTan erTad, sikeTis amqveyniur zeimSi da adamianis mier adamianis siyvarulSi xedavs. vefxistyaosnis poetikuri samyaro uSualod agrZelebs da aviTarebs erTi mxriv, qarTuli xalxuri poeziisa da, meore mxriv, mdidari qarTuli sasuliero literaturis _ himnografiis tradiciebs. amave dros igi sazrdoobs aRmosavluri, sparsul-arabuli epikisa da lirikis mdidari tradiciebiT. rusTvelis esTetikuri fenomeni upiratesad hiperboluri da simboluri poeturi saxeebiT iqmneba (astraluri simbolika, cxovelTa samyaros simbolika, Zvirfas, patiosan qvaTa da mcenareTa samyaros simbolika). poeturi semantikidan gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania metaforuli metyveleba, agreTve ganmeoreba, paralelizmi, epiTeti. rusTvels tradiciul poetikaSi Seaqvs sakuTari xelwera. gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobia igi poeturi leqsikis (arsebiTi saxelisagan zmnuri da zedsarTavuli formebis warmoeba: `mze aRar mzeobs~, `ena enda~, `disaganca ufro desi~) da poeturi sintaqsis sferoSi (moqmedebis eqspresiulobis gamosaxatavad zmnuri formebis siuxve da makavSirebel sityvaTa Semcireba: `mterTa eqadda, wyreboda, igineboda, Cioda~). vefxistyaosani qarTuli poetikis normad iTvleba leqsTwyobis sferoSic. Suasaukuneebis epikuri stilisagan gansxvavebiT, aq moxsnilia monotonuroba, rac miiRweva rusTveluri poeturi sazomis _ Sairis ori variantis monacvleobiT. am saleqso formis sawyisebi dasturdeba ara mxolod qarTul xalxur zepirsityvierebaSi, aramed TviT literaturul tra- 248
diciaSi jer kidev IX saukunidan. rusTvelTan igi srulyofis zenits aRwevs. maRali Sairi _ 16 marcvliani striqonis TiToeuli naxevartaepi cezurebiT dayofilia 4 marcvlian muxlad (4/4//4/4) _ ufro eqspresiuli ritmiT xasiaTdeba, xolo dabali Sairi (3/5//3/5; 5/3//5/3) Tavisi SedarebiT dinji ritmikiT upiratesad epikur mbobasa da filosofiur sentenciebs miesadageba. SeniSnulia, rom rusTveliseuli maRali Sairis simetriuli strofebi dabali Sairis asimetriuli strofebiT Senacvlebisas gadadis maqsimaluri harmoniis anu e.w. oqros kveTis SefardebaSi: naxevartaepis marcvalTa raodenoba _ 8 iseT mimarTebaSia did ritmul monakveTSi marcvalTa raodenobasTan – 5, rogorc es ukanaskneli marcvalTa raodenobasTan mcire monakveTSi _ 3) .rusTveluri Sairis TiToeuli strofi oTxi striqonisagan Sedgeba, romlebic erTmaneTTanaa SeriTmuli. riTma upiratesad or da sammarcvliania, Tumca gvxvdeba oTx da xuTmarcvliani riTmebic. vefxistyaosanma popularoba qarTul sazogadoebaSi, rogorc Cans, sakmaod adre moipova. XIV saukunidan moyolebuli qarTul xelnawerTa aSiebze ukve vxvdebiT poemis calkeul taepTa minawerebs; rac qarTvel samRvdeloTa mier poemiseuli nawyvetebis zepir citirebazec metyvelebs. qarTuli sazogadoebrivi yofis garkveul periodSi sagulvebelia erTgvari moZraoba poemis winaaRmdeg, rac savaraudebelia XVI saukunis evropaSi arsebuli qristianuli radikalizmis erTgvari gamoZaxilic iyos. yovel SemTxvevaSi, poemis Cvenamde moRweuli Zveli xelnawerebi mxolod XVII saukuniT TariRdeba da erTi redaqciisaa, erTi gadamuSavebidan momdinareobs. igi Seicavs danarT Sesaval strofs, romelic poemas sasuliero literaturidan gansxvavebul saero nawarmoebad warmoadgens da mkiTxvels misi msoflxedvidan gamijvnas urCevs. magram amave dros misi, rogorc saerTo nawarmoebis, wakiTxvis Tu gavrcelebis uflebasac iZleva. yvela Zveli xelnaweri Seicavs e.w. vrceli redaqciis teqsts. poemis pirvel beWdur, 1712 wlis, gamocemaSi dastambulia e.w. mokle redaqciis teqsti, romelic vrceli redaqciis kritikuli gadamuSavebiT unda iyos miRebuli. mokle redaqcias vrcelTan SedarebiT dasasrulSi aklia 3 didi ambavi, romelTac gagrZelebebs uwodeben. isini rusTvelis xelidan gamosuli ar unda iyos, yovel SemTxvevaSi, Cvenamde moRweuli saxiT. amaze metyvelebs mkveTri gansxvaveba vefxistyaosnisa da e.w. gagrZelebaTa mxatvruli struqturebisa: sxvaoba msoflmxedvelobiT sistemaSi, darRveva vefxistyaosnis kompoziciis stilisa, personaJTa xatvis pirobiTobis mxatvruli struqturis moSla. vefxistyaosnis gavrceleba saqarTvelos sazRvars gareT XIX saukunidan iwyeba; rac erTgvarad qar- Tuli sazogadoebis mier sakuTari kulturis da erovnuli meobis yvelaze didi fenomenis evropul sivrceSi gatanisaTvis ZalisxmeviTaa ganpirobebuli. evropaSi gamoqveynebuli vefxistyaosnis pirveli Targmanebia: polonuri (kazimir lapCinskisa, 1863w. varSava), germanuli (artur laistisa, 1889w.drezdeni, laipcigi), inglisuri (marjori uordropisa, 1912w. londoni). dResdReobiT rusTvelis poema Targmnilia msoflios mraval enaze da zogierT maTganze _ ramdenimejer. rogorc irkveva, vefxistyaosnis ambis evropaSi gatanis mcdeloba adrec yofila. rusTvelis poemis mTavari Seyvarebuli wyvilis ambavi siuJetur wyarodaa gamoyenebuli Seqspiris Tanamedrove inglisel dramaturgTa _ fransis bomontisa da jon fletCeris mier. XVII saukunis pirveli aTeulis dasasruls inglisis samefo Teatris scenaze gamoCnda ori piesa _ `filasteri~ da `mefe da ara mefe,~ romlebic mTeli saukunis manZilze didi popularobiT sargebloben. im saukunis axali dramaturguli Janris _ tragikomediis formirebaSi yvelaze metad mniSvnelovani bomontisa da fletCeris es ori Txzulebaa. orive maTganis fabula nestanisa da tarielis romantikuli istoriis ZiriTadi siuJeturi koordinatebis safuZvelzea agebuli, rac aseve mJRavndeba inglisuri piesebis calkeuli epizodebis rusTvelis poemasTan mimarTebiTac. vefxistyaosani qarTuli fenomenis umaRles gamovlinebad rCeba dRevandel saqarTveloSic. 249
- Page 198 and 199: sasiyvarulo ambebi cudad moqmedebs
- Page 200 and 201: prozad Targmnili `visramiani~ _ mso
- Page 202 and 203: didebulebisa rcxveniaT. tarieli iZu
- Page 204 and 205: ls, amJamad ki mters - WaSnagirs, r
- Page 206 and 207: teraturuli wyaros damowmeba imisTvi
- Page 208 and 209: mwyobr SenobaSi, romlis mizania, Te
- Page 210 and 211: adamianis arsebobis Zireul sakiTxeb
- Page 212 and 213: koncefciis es Tavisebureba aisaxeba
- Page 214 and 215: nebis, misi simdidris mtkicebaSia,
- Page 216 and 217: 2. `raca vis ra bedma misces, dasje
- Page 218 and 219: 25. `viT moixmaros monaman patronsa
- Page 220 and 221: aRniSnuli kontrasti aixsneba ara du
- Page 222 and 223: platoni da rusTveli 222 baCana breg
- Page 224 and 225: am qveynad yvelafers Tavisi garkveu
- Page 226 and 227: eqstazi poetur simRerebad da sagalo
- Page 228 and 229: SevCerdebi mxolod erTze. movitan or
- Page 230 and 231: arbarosTa msaxvral xelsac ki gadaur
- Page 232 and 233: unebrivad unda migvaCndes, rom `vef
- Page 234 and 235: Su noi già il ciel dischiudesi…
- Page 236 and 237: usTavelis esTetika (nawyvetebi) 236
- Page 238 and 239: vefxistyaosnis centraluri saxeebi,
- Page 240 and 241: stilis xelovneba. mas sdevnian esTe
- Page 242 and 243: ogor SeviswavloT da rogor vaswavloT
- Page 244 and 245: personaJis emocia, amaRlebulis esTe
- Page 246 and 247: as qadagebs. rusTveli msoflmxedvelo
- Page 250 and 251: avTandilis galoba 250 griver farula
- Page 252 and 253: dambadebeli usazRvro trfialebiT ems
- Page 254 and 255: avTandili Teurgia, xelovania, mTel
- Page 256 and 257: siaxle, Sen Semagulvane Secodebisa
- Page 258 and 259: ni, rac niSnavs giJs, Smags. roca S
- Page 260 and 261: xosrovis Svilma mariamisagan, mefe-
- Page 262 and 263: iT moindoma man Sirinis monadireba,
- Page 264 and 265: avi, beJanis da maniJes ambavi da s
- Page 266 and 267: isagan itanjeboda. sneulma maspinZe
- Page 268 and 269: nizebul redaqcias. aq TiTqmis mTlia
- Page 270 and 271: kaco-sagmiro da sapatronymo idealeb
- Page 272 and 273: xedoT~ samyaros, rom maSinve vigrZn
- Page 274 and 275: xibli arakad Tqmisa 274 vaxtang gog
- Page 276 and 277: sulxan-sabas zneobrivi mrwamsis gag
- Page 278 and 279: adaTic. axaldabadebul vaJs aZleven
- Page 280 and 281: as, yoyloCinobas, umadurobas, flido
- Page 282 and 283: wignebSia gamokveTili. WeSmarit Tav
- Page 284 and 285: ganpirobebulia raimegvari motiviT,
- Page 286 and 287: `daviTianis~ avtori skefsisis Semwy
- Page 288 and 289: i poeziis saunjidan unda iyos amozi
- Page 290 and 291: luri qali RvTiur Zalad iqceva, real
- Page 292 and 293: turi TviTgardasaxvani, (`gind meZin
- Page 294 and 295: 2. rogorc aRvniSneT, `daviTianSi~ b
- Page 296 and 297: li gansazRvravda da Semdeg miawerda
diciaSi jer kidev IX saukunidan. rusTvelTan igi srulyofis zenits aRwevs. maRali<br />
Sairi _ 16 marcvliani striqonis TiToeuli naxevartaepi cezurebiT dayofilia 4<br />
marcvlian muxlad (4/4//4/4) _ ufro eqspresiuli ritmiT xasiaTdeba, xolo dabali<br />
Sairi (3/5//3/5; 5/3//5/3) Tavisi SedarebiT dinji ritmikiT upiratesad epikur mbobasa da<br />
filosofiur sentenciebs miesadageba. SeniSnulia, rom rusTveliseuli maRali Sairis<br />
simetriuli strofebi dabali Sairis asimetriuli strofebiT Senacvlebisas<br />
gadadis maqsimaluri harmoniis anu e.w. oqros kveTis SefardebaSi: naxevartaepis marcvalTa<br />
raodenoba _ 8 iseT mimarTebaSia did ritmul monakveTSi marcvalTa raodenobasTan<br />
– 5, rogorc es ukanaskneli marcvalTa raodenobasTan mcire monakveTSi _<br />
3) .rusTveluri Sairis TiToeuli strofi oTxi striqonisagan Sedgeba, romlebic<br />
erTmaneTTanaa SeriTmuli. riTma upiratesad or da sammarcvliania, Tumca gvxvdeba<br />
oTx da xuTmarcvliani riTmebic. vefxistyaosanma popularoba qarTul sazogadoebaSi,<br />
rogorc Cans, sakmaod adre moipova. XIV saukunidan moyolebuli qarTul<br />
xelnawerTa aSiebze ukve vxvdebiT poemis calkeul taepTa minawerebs; rac qarTvel<br />
samRvdeloTa mier poemiseuli nawyvetebis zepir citirebazec metyvelebs. qarTuli<br />
sazogadoebrivi yofis garkveul periodSi sagulvebelia erTgvari moZraoba poemis<br />
winaaRmdeg, rac savaraudebelia XVI saukunis evropaSi arsebuli qristianuli radikalizmis<br />
erTgvari gamoZaxilic iyos. yovel SemTxvevaSi, poemis Cvenamde moRweuli<br />
Zveli xelnawerebi mxolod XVII saukuniT TariRdeba da erTi redaqciisaa, erTi<br />
gadamuSavebidan momdinareobs. igi Seicavs danarT Sesaval strofs, romelic poemas<br />
sasuliero literaturidan gansxvavebul saero nawarmoebad warmoadgens da mkiTxvels<br />
misi msoflxedvidan gamijvnas urCevs. magram amave dros misi, rogorc saerTo<br />
nawarmoebis, wakiTxvis Tu gavrcelebis uflebasac iZleva. yvela Zveli xelnaweri<br />
Seicavs e.w. vrceli redaqciis teqsts. poemis pirvel beWdur, 1712 wlis, gamocemaSi<br />
dastambulia e.w. mokle redaqciis teqsti, romelic vrceli redaqciis kritikuli gadamuSavebiT<br />
unda iyos miRebuli. mokle redaqcias vrcelTan SedarebiT dasasrulSi<br />
aklia 3 didi ambavi, romelTac gagrZelebebs uwodeben. isini rusTvelis xelidan gamosuli<br />
ar unda iyos, yovel SemTxvevaSi, Cvenamde moRweuli saxiT. amaze metyvelebs<br />
mkveTri gansxvaveba vefxistyaosnisa da e.w. gagrZelebaTa mxatvruli struqturebisa:<br />
sxvaoba msoflmxedvelobiT sistemaSi, darRveva vefxistyaosnis kompoziciis stilisa,<br />
personaJTa xatvis pirobiTobis mxatvruli struqturis moSla. vefxistyaosnis<br />
gavrceleba saqarTvelos sazRvars gareT XIX saukunidan iwyeba; rac erTgvarad qar-<br />
Tuli sazogadoebis mier sakuTari kulturis da erovnuli meobis yvelaze didi fenomenis<br />
evropul sivrceSi gatanisaTvis ZalisxmeviTaa ganpirobebuli. evropaSi gamoqveynebuli<br />
vefxistyaosnis pirveli Targmanebia: polonuri (kazimir lapCinskisa,<br />
1863w. varSava), germanuli (artur laistisa, 1889w.drezdeni, laipcigi), inglisuri (marjori<br />
uordropisa, 1912w. londoni). dResdReobiT rusTvelis poema Targmnilia msoflios<br />
mraval enaze da zogierT maTganze _ ramdenimejer.<br />
rogorc irkveva, vefxistyaosnis ambis evropaSi gatanis mcdeloba adrec yofila.<br />
rusTvelis poemis mTavari Seyvarebuli wyvilis ambavi siuJetur wyarodaa gamoyenebuli<br />
Seqspiris Tanamedrove inglisel dramaturgTa _ fransis bomontisa da jon<br />
fletCeris mier. XVII saukunis pirveli aTeulis dasasruls inglisis samefo Teatris<br />
scenaze gamoCnda ori piesa _ `filasteri~ da `mefe da ara mefe,~ romlebic mTeli<br />
saukunis manZilze didi popularobiT sargebloben. im saukunis axali dramaturguli<br />
Janris _ tragikomediis formirebaSi yvelaze metad mniSvnelovani bomontisa<br />
da fletCeris es ori Txzulebaa. orive maTganis fabula nestanisa da tarielis romantikuli<br />
istoriis ZiriTadi siuJeturi koordinatebis safuZvelzea agebuli, rac<br />
aseve mJRavndeba inglisuri piesebis calkeuli epizodebis rusTvelis poemasTan mimarTebiTac.<br />
vefxistyaosani qarTuli fenomenis umaRles gamovlinebad rCeba dRevandel saqarTveloSic.<br />
249
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