iii_tomi.pdf

platoni da rusTveli
222
baCana bregvaZe
`vefxistyaosnis~ prologis kidev erTi _ meTerTmete strofi (`raca visca bedman
misces, dasjerdes da mas ubnobdes~...) gvimowmebs, rom rusTveli kargad icnobda
platonis socialur Teoriasac, gadmocemuls mis utopiur `saxelmwifoSi~
(`Politeiva~) mkiTxvelis sayuradRebod unda SevniSnoT, rom gansaxilveli strofis
dedaazri karga xania, rac davukavSireT `saxelmwifos~ socialur doqtrinas. amitomac
aq TiTqmis mTlianad gadmogvaqvs Cveni gamokvlevis _ `antikuri civilizaciis
gvirgvini~ _ erT-erTi qveTavi, 1 romelSiac zemoxsenebuli problemaa ganxiluli da
gaanalizebuli.
saxelmwifo, platonis mixedviT, erTi mTliani organizmia, romlis asoebic sazogadoebis
calkeuli fenebi, socialuri jgufebi Tu individualuri wevrebi arian
TavianTi mkveTrad gamokveTili, TavisTavadi da erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli funqciebiT,
da mxolod maTi harmoniuli Tanxmoba, maTi erToblivi TanamSromloba gansazRvravs
saxelmwifoebrivi organizmis sijansaResa da sicocxlisunarianobas.
`Cven, _ ityvis ufro gvian romis didi imperatori, _ TanamSromlobisa da Tanamo-
RvaweobisTvis varT Seqmnilni, rogorc xelebi, fexebi, quTuToni, zeda da qveda ybebi,
amitom urTierTwinaaRdgoma bunebis winaaRmdeg aRZvrasa niSnavs, magram vinc gmobs
da gaurbis moyvass, winaaRmdgomic igia misi~. 2 (aRsaniSnavia, rom qristianoba ber-
Znul-romauli stoicizmis meSveobiT, TiTqmis sityva-sityviT gaiziarebs am platonur
koncefcias: `viTarca erTsa mas guamsa mraval asoeb aqus, xolo asoebsa mas yovelsa
ara igive saqme aqus, egreca Cuen yovelni erT guam varT qristes mier, xolo
TviTeulni erTierTas asoeb varT~). 3
ara marto SinaaSliloba, ara marto sazogadoebis wevrTa urTierT winaaRmdeg
aRZvra, _ aramed maTi funqciebis urTierTaRrevac saxelmwifosaTvis udidesi ubedurebis
saTaved gvevlineba. aTenis, iseve rogorc bevri sxva berZnuli polisis
demokratia ki funqciaTa swored amnair aRrevas uwyobda xels. politikuri cxovrebis
ukiduresi demokratizacia, rogorc gvimowmebs aristotele, TandaTanobiT totaluri
Tanasworuflebianobis, ufro sworad, totaluri uuflebobis, saxelmwifoebrivi
dezorganizaciis, usaxo, upirovno da uprincipo brbois SeuzRudav mbrZaneblad,
e. w. `oxlokratiad~, anu faqtiur anarqiad iqceva. 4 es katastrofa garduvalia,
vinaidan TviT saxelmwifo wes-wyobileba, romelic Tanabrad upirispirdeba gonebasac
da bunebasac, Tavis TavSive imarxavs daSlisa da gadagvarebis Tesls. mkacri
TanmimdevrobiT gviCvenebs platoni, rogor uwyobs xels TanamSromlobisa da Tanaarsebobis
eTikur sawyisTa rRveva, saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebis mamoZravebel stimulad
martooden materialuri dainteresebis miCneva da sazogadoebis calkeuli fenebisa
Tu kerZo moqalaqeTa specifikuri funqciebis urTierTaRreva maxinji socialuri
sistemebis _ timokratiis, oligarqiis, demokratiis, tiraniis aRmocenebas, ma-
Ts erTmaneTSi gadasvlasa da, bolos, maTsave wiaRSi uricxvi sazogadoebrivi borotebis
_ zneobrivi mankierebis, ekonomiuri rutinis, politikuri anarqiis TandaTanobiT
momwifebasa da ganviTarebas. 5
rogor SeiZleba am borotebis acileba Tavidan? ranair saSualebebs unda mivmar-
ToT saimisod, rom adamianebi TavianT Slegur vnebebsa da survilebs, angarebian
1 ix. Pplatoni, timeosi, Tb., 1994, gv. 265-269.
2 markus avreliusi, fiqrebi, II, 1.
3 pavle, romaelTa mimarT, XII, 4-5.
4 ix. Н. Кареев, Государство-город античного мира. СПБ., 1903, стр. 131.
5 ix. `saxelmwifo~, VIII: timokratia - 545 c-550 c; oligarqia - 550 c-557 a; demokratia - 557 a-562
a; 564 d-565 d; tirania - 562 a-564 c; 565 d-569 e; IX - 572 d-580 b.