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koncefciis es Tavisebureba aisaxeba. qali rusTavelisaTvis araa arc simbolo, arc Cvenze maRali arseba: igi principSi Cveni tolia da siyvarulic amamaRlebeli da ganmwmendi Zalaa TavisTavad – Tu gnebavT, fsiqologiurad – da ara imis gamo, rom is Cvenze maRali sawyisiskenaa mimarTuli. amamaRlebelia TviT grZnoba da ara misi sagani. am ganwyobilebaSi uTuod aisaxeba Rrma qristianuli tradiciac, romelsac rusTaveli sxva konteqstSi Taviseburi perifraziT ixseniebs, roca mociquls (pavles) miawers sityvebs `siyvaruli agvamaRlebs~. imiT, rom siyvaruli rusTavelisa- Tvis aris ara Tavdaviwyebis, TviTmospobis, individualobidan gasvlis afeqti, aramed pirovnebis ganmtkicebisa da gamdidrebis afeqtia, romlis gaZlierebasac RmerTs SesTxoven (2), rusTavelis samijnuro koncefcia, mis TanamedroveTa Soris yvelaze axlos dantesTan dgas, miuxedavad siyvarulis im mistikuri gaazrebisa, romelic am ukanasknels Tavis `xsnis eposSi~ _ `RvTaebriv komediaSi~ aqvs mocemuli. saerToa siyvarulis warmodgena rogorc gamakeTilSobilebeli da amamaRlebeli Zalisa mas- Si pirovnulobis sruli SenarCunebiT, rac siyvarulis am koncefciaTa yvelaze axleburi da Tanamedrove adamianis fsiqikuri wyobisTvis yvelaze axlobeli Strixia. qalTa saxeebi magram, Tu rusTavelisTvis qali principSi Cveni tolia, es ar niSnavs, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ gmiri qalebi, romelTa trfobasac igi umReris, ar gamoirCevian gansakuTrebuli niSan-TvisebebiT, rac maT mamakac gmirebze maRla ayenebT da miT poemaSi aRweril trfobas damatebiTi niuansiT amdidrebs: nestani da TinaTini ar arian m x o l o d adamianebi da qalebi, romelTa grZnobis cvalebadobas rusTaveli erTgulad xatavs. isini rogorc socialurad (mefobiT), ise pirovnuli TvisebebiT umaRlesi rangis qalebi arian, srulyofis iseT doneze mdgomni, rom maTdami trfobis Sebedvac gmirobaa. maTi trfoba mxolod srulyofis umaRles safexurze mdgom adamians SeuZlia. amitom is, vinc maT etrfis, umaRles moralursa da fizikur srulyofas unda eswrafos. `aw rasaca me maRirseb, xorcieli ara Rirs a~, _ eubneba tarieli nestans da es sityvebi kargad gamoxataven im ZiriTad princips, romelsac poemaSi aRwerili trfoba emyareba: esaa srulyofili, idealuri adamianebis trfoba, romelic sqesTa Soris siyvarulTan erTad umwvervalesi srulyofis winaSe aRtacebasa da misken swrafvasac moicavs. tradiciiT miRebulia, rom orive qal-gmirs – nestansa da TinaTins – poetur prototipad Tamar mefe hyavT, xolo maTdami trfobis aRweras – Tamarisadmi poetis trfoba. am SexedulebaSi daeWvebis safuZveli dRes ar arsebobs Tundac im mZafri da wrfeli kilos gamo, romliTac poeti prologSi Tamaris siyvaruls aRiarebs. magram, miuxedavad orive am personaJis absoluturi unaklobisa da maTdami trfobis idealurobisa, rusTaveli mainc axerxebs, rom maTs pirovnebasac da vaJi gmirebis maTdami damokidebulebasac TavisTavadi individualuri ieri misces, ganasxvavos ori samyaro, sadac eseni sufeven da romelsac eseni ganasaxiereben. nestanis samyaro namdvili sisxlis da xorcis ferebSia naxati. es brZolis, vnebebis, sabediswero swrafvaTa Sejaxebis samyaroa, romelTa Soris siyvaruli ar aris erTaderTi. am samyaroSi batonobs da nestans asaxierebs v e f x i s xati-simbolo (`rome vefxi mSvenieri saxed misad damisaxavs~ 657), rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom nestanisa da tarielis damokidebuleba ufro rTulia, vidre mxolod trfoba da urTierTswrafva. es ori gansxvavebuli nebis, ori amayi da TavmoTne pirovnebis dapirispirebaa. TinaTinis samyaro, piriqiT, naTelia da harmoniuli. aq mzis xati-simbolo batonobs – es TviTkmari naTeli, romelsac arc xsna sWirdeba, arc `lxinnakluloba sWirs~. Tina- Tinis samyaroSi naklebia mxatvroba, vidre nestanisaSi, da metia poezia. es ori Tanabrad srulyofili, magram gansxvavebuli samyaro poemaSi erT mtkice mTlianobadaa Sekruli ara marto siuJeturad, aramed emociurad: avTandilis Rvawli da gancdebis mTeli gama, roca man erTi miatova da meorisTvis Tavis dadeba gadawyvita, Tavis dramatizms swored am dapirispirebis wyalobiT iZens. 212

orive es idealuri gmiri qali – amdenad msgavsi da amdenad gansxvavebuli – maTi motrfiale gmirebis mxriv iracionaluri, movlenaTa Cveulebrivi logikis gareT mdgomi damokidebulebis sagania. avTandils Sexvedris bednier wuTebSic mSvenieri satrfos winaSe gulistkivili, daukmayofilebloba, grZnobaTa siWarbiT gamowveuli tanjva ereva (126, 707, 962), xolo TinaTinis ganmasaxierebeli mze misTvis aseTive or- Wofuli, lxenisa da tanjvis Semcveli grZnobis wyaroa. wam-wam mobrundis, iajdis misTvis mzisave mzobasa, uWvretdis, Tvalni ver moxsnnis, Tu moxsnnis, mihxdis cnobasa (631 ix. agreTve 955) da piriqiT: Rame alxendis, dRe sjidis, elis Casvlasa mzisasa, ra wyali naxis, gardaxdis, uWvretdis Wavlsa wylisasa. tarielisa da nestanis damokidebulebaSic trfiali da winaaRmdegobis grZnoba, erTianoba da dapirispirebuloba iracionaluradaa Sezavebuli erTmaneTTan, rac maT urTierTobas Tavidanve dahyveba, Tavis kulminacias ki tarielisgan vefxis mokvlis scenaSi aRwevs: xrmali gavtyorce, gardviWer, vefxi Sevipyar xeliTa, mis gamo kocna mominda, vin mwvavs cecxliTa cxeliTa, miRrinvida da mawyenda brWaliTa sisxlTa mRvreliTa, veRar gavuZel, igica movkal guliTa xeliTa. am orWoful ambivalentur damokidebulebaSi poemis gmir idealur mefe-qalTadmi yvelaze mkveTrad vlindeba avtoris subieqtivizmi – vlindeba ise Zlier, rom eWvsac ki aRZravs, Tu ramdenad kanonieria `vefxistyaosnis~ avtors, misi suliskveTebisda mixedviT, epikosi vuwodoT. gulistkivilamde misuli aRtaceba-aRtyineba srulyofil mefe-qalis winaSe `vefxityaosnis~ yvelaze pirovnuli hangia, romelic prologis lirikul strofebs (10, 19) da poetis saqarTvelodan gadaxvewis legendebs exmaureba. dabali siyvaruli garda idealuri siyvarulisa, poemaSi metad realur ferebSi daxatulia araidealuri, Cveulebrivi siyvarulic, romelic rogorc gamoxatvis stiliT, ise Tavis eTikuri bunebiT pirvelis mkveTrze mkveTr kontrasts Seadgens (fatman-avTandilis romani). rom rusTaveli maincdamainc hgmobdes avTandils fatmanTan kavSirisaTvis, roca satrfos Ralats mas megobris interesebi ukarnaxebs, es Zalian saeWvoa, Tu ar SeuZlebeli: rainduli (`sakaro~) siyvarulis mcnebebi saerTod da rusTavelisa ker- Zod, ar ewinaaRmdegeba maRali satrfos SemTxveviTs Ralats naklebi socialuri mdgomareobisa da naklebi pirovnuli brwyinvalebis qalTan (amas isic mowmobs, rom arc asmaTs da arc nestans ar aSfoTebT tarielis Tanxmoba asmaTis moCvenebiTs samijnuro winadadebebze), avTandilis sulieri tanjvac fatmanis sarecelze, amgvarad, mxolod satrfosadmi erTgulebis Rrmad adamianuri grZnobis nakarnaxevia da ara socialuri an eTikuri akrZalvisa. magram es epizodi yvelaze sainteresoa rusTavelis suliskveTebis dasaxasiaTeblad ara avTandilis grZnobaTa gamoxatvis mxriv, aramed fatmanis grZnobaTa gamoxatviT. renesansul vaWarTa qalaqs, mxiarulsa da mdidar gulnaSaros aseTive renesansuli suliskveTeba Seefereba qalisa da kacis urTierTobaSi. da, marTlac, fatmans, Turme, sCvevia msubuqi romanebi, radgan misi mdidari qmari `mWle aris da Tvalad nasi~. rusTavelis damokidebuleba fatmanis am Tavisufali flirtisadmi, iseve rogorc saerTod vaWarTa bednieri qalaqisadmi, uaryofiTia, ukeT – ironiuli; es aris qedmaRluri damokidebuleba aristokratisa, romlisTvisac mTeli vaWarTa samyaro mdabali samyaroa. es `vefxistyaosans~ mkveTrad asxvavebs bokaCios suliskveTebis renesansuli literaturisagan, romelic qalaquri yofisa da msubuqi xorcieli kavSiris scenebs aseTive realizmiT xatavs. g a n - w y o b i l e b a avtorisa, nawarmoebis paTosi, iq, rogorc wesi, am xorciel siamovnebaTa mxarezea. rusTavelis poemis paTosi, piriqiT, am sma-gaxarebis meorexarisxov- 213

orive es idealuri gmiri qali – amdenad msgavsi da amdenad gansxvavebuli – maTi<br />

motrfiale gmirebis mxriv iracionaluri, movlenaTa Cveulebrivi logikis gareT mdgomi<br />

damokidebulebis sagania. avTandils Sexvedris bednier wuTebSic mSvenieri satrfos<br />

winaSe gulistkivili, daukmayofilebloba, grZnobaTa siWarbiT gamowveuli<br />

tanjva ereva (126, 707, 962), xolo TinaTinis ganmasaxierebeli mze misTvis aseTive or-<br />

Wofuli, lxenisa da tanjvis Semcveli grZnobis wyaroa.<br />

wam-wam mobrundis, iajdis misTvis mzisave mzobasa,<br />

uWvretdis, Tvalni ver moxsnnis, Tu moxsnnis, mihxdis cnobasa<br />

(631 ix. agreTve 955)<br />

da piriqiT:<br />

Rame alxendis, dRe sjidis, elis Casvlasa mzisasa,<br />

ra wyali naxis, gardaxdis, uWvretdis Wavlsa wylisasa.<br />

tarielisa da nestanis damokidebulebaSic trfiali da winaaRmdegobis grZnoba,<br />

erTianoba da dapirispirebuloba iracionaluradaa Sezavebuli erTmaneTTan, rac<br />

maT urTierTobas Tavidanve dahyveba, Tavis kulminacias ki tarielisgan vefxis mokvlis<br />

scenaSi aRwevs:<br />

xrmali gavtyorce, gardviWer, vefxi Sevipyar xeliTa,<br />

mis gamo kocna mominda, vin mwvavs cecxliTa cxeliTa,<br />

miRrinvida da mawyenda brWaliTa sisxlTa mRvreliTa,<br />

veRar gavuZel, igica movkal guliTa xeliTa.<br />

am orWoful ambivalentur damokidebulebaSi poemis gmir idealur mefe-qalTadmi<br />

yvelaze mkveTrad vlindeba avtoris subieqtivizmi – vlindeba ise Zlier, rom eWvsac<br />

ki aRZravs, Tu ramdenad kanonieria `vefxistyaosnis~ avtors, misi suliskveTebisda mixedviT,<br />

epikosi vuwodoT. gulistkivilamde misuli aRtaceba-aRtyineba srulyofil mefe-qalis<br />

winaSe `vefxityaosnis~ yvelaze pirovnuli hangia, romelic prologis lirikul<br />

strofebs (10, 19) da poetis saqarTvelodan gadaxvewis legendebs exmaureba.<br />

dabali siyvaruli<br />

garda idealuri siyvarulisa, poemaSi metad realur ferebSi daxatulia araidealuri,<br />

Cveulebrivi siyvarulic, romelic rogorc gamoxatvis stiliT, ise Tavis<br />

eTikuri bunebiT pirvelis mkveTrze mkveTr kontrasts Seadgens (fatman-avTandilis<br />

romani). rom rusTaveli maincdamainc hgmobdes avTandils fatmanTan kavSirisaTvis,<br />

roca satrfos Ralats mas megobris interesebi ukarnaxebs, es Zalian saeWvoa, Tu ar<br />

SeuZlebeli: rainduli (`sakaro~) siyvarulis mcnebebi saerTod da rusTavelisa ker-<br />

Zod, ar ewinaaRmdegeba maRali satrfos SemTxveviTs Ralats naklebi socialuri<br />

mdgomareobisa da naklebi pirovnuli brwyinvalebis qalTan (amas isic mowmobs, rom<br />

arc asmaTs da arc nestans ar aSfoTebT tarielis Tanxmoba asmaTis moCvenebiTs<br />

samijnuro winadadebebze), avTandilis sulieri tanjvac fatmanis sarecelze,<br />

amgvarad, mxolod satrfosadmi erTgulebis Rrmad adamianuri grZnobis nakarnaxevia<br />

da ara socialuri an eTikuri akrZalvisa. magram es epizodi yvelaze sainteresoa<br />

rusTavelis suliskveTebis dasaxasiaTeblad ara avTandilis grZnobaTa gamoxatvis<br />

mxriv, aramed fatmanis grZnobaTa gamoxatviT. renesansul vaWarTa qalaqs, mxiarulsa<br />

da mdidar gulnaSaros aseTive renesansuli suliskveTeba Seefereba qalisa da kacis<br />

urTierTobaSi. da, marTlac, fatmans, Turme, sCvevia msubuqi romanebi, radgan misi<br />

mdidari qmari `mWle aris da Tvalad nasi~. rusTavelis damokidebuleba fatmanis<br />

am Tavisufali flirtisadmi, iseve rogorc saerTod vaWarTa bednieri qalaqisadmi,<br />

uaryofiTia, ukeT – ironiuli; es aris qedmaRluri damokidebuleba aristokratisa,<br />

romlisTvisac mTeli vaWarTa samyaro mdabali samyaroa. es `vefxistyaosans~ mkveTrad<br />

asxvavebs bokaCios suliskveTebis renesansuli literaturisagan, romelic qalaquri<br />

yofisa da msubuqi xorcieli kavSiris scenebs aseTive realizmiT xatavs. g a n -<br />

w y o b i l e b a avtorisa, nawarmoebis paTosi, iq, rogorc wesi, am xorciel siamovnebaTa<br />

mxarezea. rusTavelis poemis paTosi, piriqiT, am sma-gaxarebis meorexarisxov-<br />

213

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