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ls, amJamad ki mters – WaSnagirs, romelic fatmans avTandilTan waaswrebs da mefesTan dabezRebas daemuqreba. fatmani uambobs avTandils Tavis saidumlos, romlis gaTqmasac WaSnagiri emuqreboda: mas Savi monebis xelidan uxsnia ucxo mzeTunaxavi da Tavis saxlSi malulad Seunaxavs. mis qmars, uSno da uRirs usens, simTvraleSi mefesTan dautrabaxia Sin mzeTunaxavis yola da igi mefisTvis miugvria. ucxo mze- Tunaxavs vinaoba ar gaumxelia arc misi moamage fatmanisaTvis, arc mefisTvis. igi ar iSorebda erT ucxo rides da dReniadag cremls Rvrida. mefem gadawyvita, igi colad mieca Tavis ZisaTvis, romelic imxanad omSi iyo. magram qalma mxneoba gamoiCina, fatmanis naCuqari Zvirfasi TvalmargalitiT mcvelebi moqrTama da fatmanisve daxmarebiT Rame qalaqidan gaipara. gzad igi jadoqrebis – qajebis laSqars Seupyria. nestani qajebs miuval cixeSi daumwyvdeviaT, raTa momavalSi SerTon amJamad mcirewlovan ufliswuls. avTandili TinaTinze fiqriT, `malviT cremlsa swvims~ fatmanis sarecelze, Tan fatmans dawvrilebiT ekiTxeba qajebis ambavs. meore dRes avTandili `saWabukoTi~ (raindis samosiT) ewveva bednier fatmans, Tavis vinaobasa da Tavisi mgzavrobis mizans umxels. nestanis bedis SemobrunebiT gaxarebuli fatmani qajeTSi grZneul monas gzavnis, romelic nestans anugeSebs da misgan fatmanisa da tarielisadmi mowerili ori `wigni~ moaqvs. sityvebiT _ `Cemi nu gagva, xeli egreca xeldebis~ (Cemi nu genaRvleba, gaxelebuli mainc gaxelebulia), fatmani aCqarebs avTandils, romelic qaje- Tis amRebi gmirebis mosayvanad midis. avTandili tarielTan brundeba. gamoqvabulSi, romelic tariels odesRac dev- TaTvis waurTmevia, gmirebi pouloben sam saswaulebriv abjars; ors TviTon itoveben, mesames ki fridonisaTvis inaxaven. samive gmiri fridonis samasi moymis TanxlebiT mTvarian RamiT miadgeba qajeTis cixes. aqve gamarTul TaTbirSi airCeven brZolis gegmas. fridons hsurs sabliT SeaRwios cixeSi. magram am gegmas uaryofen, radgan mtrebi abjris Cxaruns gaigoneben da sabels gadaWrian. avTandils unda vaWrulad Caicvas, qajTa qalaqSi Seiparos da Tavis megobrebs RamiT cixis karebi gau- Ros. magram am gegmasac ar miiReben, radgan qalaqSi atexili brZolisas SeiZleba nestanma sarkmlidan gadmoixedos da mebrZolebSi tarieli ver dainaxos, rac Wabuks mis TvalSi Crdils miayenebs. tarielis winadadebiT dilas sami mxridan uteven cixes, iReben mas da nestans aTavisufleben. am brZolaSi gansakuTrebul gmirobas tarieli iCens. cixes gulanSaros mefes aZleven, xolo napovn simdidres – fatmans. tarieli hficavs avTandils, rom, sanam mas TinaTins ar SerTavs, TviTon Tavis nestans `ar eqmareba~. samiveni nestanTan erTad midian arabeTs, sadac tarieli sTxovs rostevans avTandilis patiebasa da misTvis TinaTinis colad micemas. rostevanis Tanxmobas qorwili da sayovelTao bedniereba mohyveba. siuJetis originalobis sakiTxi rusTaveli Tavisi poemis siuJets `sparsul ambad~ gvacnobs. `vefxistyaosnis~ prologSi naTqvamia: ese ambavi sparsuli, qarTulad naTargmanebi, viT margaliti oboli, xelis-xel sagogmanebi, vpove da leqsad gardavTqvi... Tumca sityva `Targmaneba~ Zvel qarTulSi sxva enaze gadaRebasac niSnavs da ganmarteba-komentirebasac, metad saeWvoa, rom am strofSi igi pirveli mniSvnelobiT ar iyos naxmari. maSasadame, rusTaveli Tavis wyarod asaxelebs sparsul ambavs (unda vigulisxmoT: literaturul nawarmoebs, radgan zepir gadmocemas `Targmanis~ cneba ar miudgeba), romelic mis dros qarTulad gadmoRebuli yofila da, Zvirfasi margalitis msgavsad, msmenelidan msmenelze gadadioda. sxvagan prologSi rusTaveli ambobs, rom man `ambad naTqvami~ `wyobil margalitad~ aqcia, e.i. prozauli ambavi galeqsa. poetis am gancxadebas TiTqos amagrebs isic, rom poemis moqmedeba muslimanur qveynebSi iSleba da poemis TiTqmis yvela personaJis saxelic an sparselebsa da arabebSi gavrcelebuli saxelebia, an am enebSi etimologia moeZebnebaT. 204

miuxedavad amisa, rusTavelis bibliografiuli cnoba mainc ndobas ar imsaxurebs ara marto imitom, rom msgavs siuJets sparsuli literatura ar icnobs (sparsuli literaturis specialistis i. maris mier Catarebuli Zieba, sagazeTo gancxadebis gamoyenebiT uSedego aRmoCnda), aramed, pirvel rigSi, imitom, TviT siuJeti, rogoric is dRes Cvens xelTaa, Tavisi xasiaTisda mixedviT ar gulisxmobs raime literaturul prototips, miT umetes, ar gulisxmobs mas im kulturul sferoSi, romelsac sparsuli klasikuri literatura ekuTvnis. ara marto Tavisi ideuri mizandasaxulobiTa da ganwyobilebiT, aramed siuJetis agebis mxrivac poema warmoudgenelia qalis rainduli kultisa da qalis gandidebis gareSe, rac rusTavelis droisa da misi winaxanis sparsuli epikisaTvis srulebiT ucxoa, xolo rusTavelis mSobel qar- Tul kulturaSi sxva wyaroebidanacaa cnobili. siuJetis ganviTarebaSi arsebiTi roli ekuTvnis qalis mier misi motrfiale raindisTvis sagmiro Rvawlis d a v a - l e b i s motivs; mTavar gmirTa orsave wyvilSi qali xelmwifea, an taxtis memkvidre, xolo mamakaci – misi qveSevrdomi an TiTqmis misi toli Tavisi sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobiT, magram ara masze maRla mdgomi an misi savsebiT toli. mTavar gmirTa siyvaruli poemaSi warmoadgens erTgvarad uTanasworo kavSirs, xolo poemis gmiri qalebisadmi Tayvaneba, rac `vefxistyaosnis~ erTi umTavresi motivia, qalis Tayvanebasa da mefis Tayvanebas aerTianebs. amgvari satrfialo koncefcia ara marto ar gvxvdeba sparsul epikaSi, aramed pirdapir winaaRmdegobaSia mis suliskveTebasTan. TviT evropis saraindo epikaSic ki, romelsac qalis socialuri rolisa da uflebisadmi Seudareblad ufro meti pativiscema axasiaTebs, vidre sparsul epikas, raindi colad irTavs sxva saxelmwifos mefe qals, romelsac igi manamde xifaTisagan ixsnis, magram ara Tavis mefes. `vefxistyaosnis~ am motivis warmoSoba SeiZleba aixsnas mxolod rogorc konkretuli istoriuli faqtis anarekli: saqarTveloSi Tamaris mefobisa (1184-1213). Tamaris Zlevamosilebasa da RvTismoSiSobasTan erTad, saxotbo poeziisa da matianeebis mowmobiT, Tamaris karze miRebuli yofila misi mSvenierebis qebac da misgan sulwaRebulobis aRsarebac. amgvari aRsareba `vefxistyaosnis~ prologSic aris (8,10,19). poemis motivebs istoriul viTarebasTan isic aaxloebs, rom Tamaris qmari daviT soslani marTlac Tamaris gvaris kaci da misi qveSevrdomi iyo (Sdr. nestanisa da tarielis ambavi). amgvarad, prologis meore literaturul-istoriuli cnoba, romelic arsebiTad ewinaaRmdegeba zemomotanils – rom rusTavels `qvemore~ (e.i. poemaSi) Tamaris saxeli `SefarviT~ uTqvams da uqia (19) – ufro sarwmunoa, vidre pirveli. Tamaris saxeli poemis ZiriTad teqstSi (prologisa da epilogis gareSe) arsad naxsenebi ar aris. Tamaris `qeba~ poemaSi, maSasadame, SeiZleba mdgomareobdes mxolod poemis siu- Jetis agebasa da personaJebis saxeTa Seqmnisas misi pirovnebisa da biografiis Strixebis gamoyenebaSi. Tu poemis ambavs am aSkarad SeTxzul motivebs gamovaklebT, maSin Znelia miRebul naSTsa da dRes arsebul siuJets Soris igiveobis niSani daisvas. amgvarad, sakiTxi originaloba-Targmnilobis Sesaxeb exeba ara siuJets mis mTlianobaSi, agebuls saerTo koncefciasa da saerTo eTosze, aramed mxolod masSi Semaval calkeul elementebs, rogoricaa vefxistyaviani moymis xetiali tye-RreSi, qalis gataceba zRvis gaRma, qajebis miuvali cixe, megobrisagan megobris daxmareba da sxva amgvari. SedarebiT met safuZvels originaloba-nasesxobis sakiTxis dasmisaTvis iZleva, saerTod, tarielis saxesTan dakavSirebuli epizodebi, vinaidan tarielisadmi damokidebulebis mxriv poemis sakuTriv teqstsa da prolog-epilogis literaturul-istoriul miTiTebebs Soris erTgvari disproporcia SeiniSneba: prologsa da epilogSi an tarielia mxolod win wamoweuli, rogorc poemis mTavari gmiri (6,7), an samive gmiri erTad ixsenieba, im dros roca sakuTriv teqstSi mTavari gmiri, arsebiTad, arc erTia da arc sami, aramed ori (tarieli da avTandili). rac Seexeba avtoris zemoT citirebul bibliografiul cnobas, igi advilad aixsneba im SemTxvevaSic, Tu sinamdvileSi araviTari safuZveli ara aqvs. fiqtiuri li- 205

ls, amJamad ki mters – WaSnagirs, romelic fatmans avTandilTan waaswrebs da mefesTan<br />

dabezRebas daemuqreba. fatmani uambobs avTandils Tavis saidumlos, romlis<br />

gaTqmasac WaSnagiri emuqreboda: mas Savi monebis xelidan uxsnia ucxo mzeTunaxavi<br />

da Tavis saxlSi malulad Seunaxavs. mis qmars, uSno da uRirs usens, simTvraleSi<br />

mefesTan dautrabaxia Sin mzeTunaxavis yola da igi mefisTvis miugvria. ucxo mze-<br />

Tunaxavs vinaoba ar gaumxelia arc misi moamage fatmanisaTvis, arc mefisTvis. igi<br />

ar iSorebda erT ucxo rides da dReniadag cremls Rvrida. mefem gadawyvita, igi<br />

colad mieca Tavis ZisaTvis, romelic imxanad omSi iyo. magram qalma mxneoba gamoiCina,<br />

fatmanis naCuqari Zvirfasi TvalmargalitiT mcvelebi moqrTama da fatmanisve<br />

daxmarebiT Rame qalaqidan gaipara. gzad igi jadoqrebis – qajebis laSqars Seupyria.<br />

nestani qajebs miuval cixeSi daumwyvdeviaT, raTa momavalSi SerTon amJamad<br />

mcirewlovan ufliswuls.<br />

avTandili TinaTinze fiqriT, `malviT cremlsa swvims~ fatmanis sarecelze, Tan<br />

fatmans dawvrilebiT ekiTxeba qajebis ambavs. meore dRes avTandili `saWabukoTi~<br />

(raindis samosiT) ewveva bednier fatmans, Tavis vinaobasa da Tavisi mgzavrobis mizans<br />

umxels. nestanis bedis SemobrunebiT gaxarebuli fatmani qajeTSi grZneul monas<br />

gzavnis, romelic nestans anugeSebs da misgan fatmanisa da tarielisadmi mowerili<br />

ori `wigni~ moaqvs. sityvebiT _ `Cemi nu gagva, xeli egreca xeldebis~ (Cemi nu genaRvleba,<br />

gaxelebuli mainc gaxelebulia), fatmani aCqarebs avTandils, romelic qaje-<br />

Tis amRebi gmirebis mosayvanad midis.<br />

avTandili tarielTan brundeba. gamoqvabulSi, romelic tariels odesRac dev-<br />

TaTvis waurTmevia, gmirebi pouloben sam saswaulebriv abjars; ors TviTon itoveben,<br />

mesames ki fridonisaTvis inaxaven. samive gmiri fridonis samasi moymis TanxlebiT<br />

mTvarian RamiT miadgeba qajeTis cixes. aqve gamarTul TaTbirSi airCeven brZolis<br />

gegmas. fridons hsurs sabliT SeaRwios cixeSi. magram am gegmas uaryofen, radgan<br />

mtrebi abjris Cxaruns gaigoneben da sabels gadaWrian. avTandils unda vaWrulad<br />

Caicvas, qajTa qalaqSi Seiparos da Tavis megobrebs RamiT cixis karebi gau-<br />

Ros. magram am gegmasac ar miiReben, radgan qalaqSi atexili brZolisas SeiZleba<br />

nestanma sarkmlidan gadmoixedos da mebrZolebSi tarieli ver dainaxos, rac Wabuks<br />

mis TvalSi Crdils miayenebs. tarielis winadadebiT dilas sami mxridan uteven cixes,<br />

iReben mas da nestans aTavisufleben. am brZolaSi gansakuTrebul gmirobas tarieli<br />

iCens. cixes gulanSaros mefes aZleven, xolo napovn simdidres – fatmans. tarieli<br />

hficavs avTandils, rom, sanam mas TinaTins ar SerTavs, TviTon Tavis nestans<br />

`ar eqmareba~. samiveni nestanTan erTad midian arabeTs, sadac tarieli sTxovs rostevans<br />

avTandilis patiebasa da misTvis TinaTinis colad micemas. rostevanis Tanxmobas<br />

qorwili da sayovelTao bedniereba mohyveba.<br />

siuJetis originalobis sakiTxi<br />

rusTaveli Tavisi poemis siuJets `sparsul ambad~ gvacnobs. `vefxistyaosnis~ prologSi<br />

naTqvamia:<br />

ese ambavi sparsuli, qarTulad naTargmanebi,<br />

viT margaliti oboli, xelis-xel sagogmanebi,<br />

vpove da leqsad gardavTqvi...<br />

Tumca sityva `Targmaneba~ Zvel qarTulSi sxva enaze gadaRebasac niSnavs da ganmarteba-komentirebasac,<br />

metad saeWvoa, rom am strofSi igi pirveli mniSvnelobiT ar<br />

iyos naxmari. maSasadame, rusTaveli Tavis wyarod asaxelebs sparsul ambavs (unda<br />

vigulisxmoT: literaturul nawarmoebs, radgan zepir gadmocemas `Targmanis~ cneba<br />

ar miudgeba), romelic mis dros qarTulad gadmoRebuli yofila da, Zvirfasi margalitis<br />

msgavsad, msmenelidan msmenelze gadadioda. sxvagan prologSi rusTaveli<br />

ambobs, rom man `ambad naTqvami~ `wyobil margalitad~ aqcia, e.i. prozauli ambavi galeqsa.<br />

poetis am gancxadebas TiTqos amagrebs isic, rom poemis moqmedeba muslimanur<br />

qveynebSi iSleba da poemis TiTqmis yvela personaJis saxelic an sparselebsa da<br />

arabebSi gavrcelebuli saxelebia, an am enebSi etimologia moeZebnebaT.<br />

204

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