iii_tomi.pdf
iii_tomi.pdf iii_tomi.pdf
xedviT. Yyofiereba miCneulia sikeTed da xazgasmulia, rom Semoqmeds Seqmnilni uyvars, viTarca mamas Svilni. dadebiTi damokidebulba xorcieli sinamdvilisadmi Sua saukuneebis ideologiis safuZvelSive devs. religiur sistemaTa grZel istoriul rigSi qristianobaa is religia, romelmac RmerTi Cveulebrivi adamianisagan Sobilad aRiqva, Cvenive msgavsi xorcieli arsebobiT Semosa, miwier sinamdvileSi acxovra da jvarcmulis eklis gvirgvini adamianTan xeliT daadga Tavze. `Tavisi TavganwirviT adamianebisaTvis, xorcSesxmiT, RmerTma usasrulo faseuloba mianiWa Tvi- Toeul adamins, gaaTanabra igi TavisTan~ (n. dimitrieva). amisdakvalad, Sua saukuneebis xelovnebaSi sxeulis silamaze, materialuri sinamdvile daCrdilulia ara TavisTavad, aramed sulier samyarosTan SedarebiT da SepirispirebiT. `samyaro sulisa gamarjvebas zeimobs garegan samyaroze... da amis kvalobaze xorcieleba ufasurdeba~ (hegeli). sulieri interesebisa da xorciel swrafvaTa Sejaxebis gzaze Sua saukuneebis xelovnebis gmiri maRldeba ukanasknelze. Tu materialur-xorcieli yofna araraobaa, ueWvelia da TavisTavad cxadi, misi aseTobis mtkicebas naklebi fasi aqvs. araraobaze maRalia yvelaferi, rac mis miRma devs. esTetikurad zemoqmedi is amaRlebuloba SeiZleba iyos, roca mniSvneloba da fasi aqvs imas, razedac maRldebian (magaliTad, sicocxles, mitanils samSoblos samsxverploze). adamianis grZnobad-materialuri mxare sulier-RvTaebrivTan SedarebiT da SepirispirebiT aris dabali Sua saukuneebis ideologiisaTvis. Sedareba-Sepirispireba da kontrasti am epoqis xelovnebis principuli stilisturi niSania. sailustraciod SeiZleba warmovidginoT ori sibrtye sivrceSi, erTi dabla da meore maRla. qveda sibrtye amqveyniur-materialur arsebobas ganasaxierebs, zeda – sulier-RvTaebrivs. qristianuli xelovnebis nawarmoebi ar arsebobs rogorc esTetikuri sagani, Tu ar aris am ori sibrtyis Sepirispireba-kontrastis TvalsaCino gancda, mTlianoba, roca isini erTmaneTs moiTxoven da uaryofen. rac ufro cxadia orive sibrtyis realobis Segneba, miT ufro Zlieria mxatvruli gancda. sulier-idealuris simaRle miwier-materialuris SedarebiTi sidabliT aRiqmeba da piriqiT. personaJma cocxal gancdebad gamovlenili tkiviliT unda gaiaros aRniSnuli manZili or sibrtyes Soris, ra- Ta nawarmoebma mizans miaRwios. gmirisagan am gzis, am winaaRmdegobis daZlevis suraTi aqcevs nawarmoebs mxatvrul movlenad. Tu ar aris qveda sibrtyis cxadi, TvalsaCino gancda, maSin aRar aris manZilis SegrZneba, aRar aris winaaRmdegoba. e. i. aRar aris esTetikuri sagani. Sepirispireba-kontrastis (antiTezis) stilisturi Strixi iqedan momdinareobs, rom arseboba moazrebulia winaaRmdegobad da brZolad da ara uSfoTvel harmoniad (amis Taobaze zeviT ukve iTqva). Semoqmedma `jaWvi saukuneTa, _ ityvis erTi imdroindeli filosofosi, _ viTarca ulamazesi poema, Seamko erTgvar antiTezaTagan~ (avgustine). qarTuli hagiografiuli literaturis ZeglTa stilistur sistemaSi kontrastis principi TvalSi gvecema yvelgan da yvelaferSi; sxeuli da suli, sikvdili da sicocxle, saiqio da saaqao, keTili da boroti, sinaTle da sibnele, _ ase antiTezisurad wamodgeba mkiTxvelis warmosaxvaSi mTeli sinamdvile. iakob xanZTelis Txzulebis gmiri – SuSaniki cixeSi gamomwyvdeuli eubneba mnaxvelT: `Wirisa amisa wil Cemisa qristeman mommadlos me sixaruli, satanjvelTa amaT wil – gansuenebaÁ, guemaTa amaT CemTa da TrevaTa da SeuracxebaTa – mivemTxÂo me didebasa da pativsa ca- Ta Sina dausrulebelsa~. kontrastis formiTaa gamarTuli SuSanikis mimarTva varsqenisadmi (`ara Tu me aRmemarTa xati igi...~), sadac pitiaxSis sarwmunoebriv-saxelmwifoebriv Ralats misi mamis – arSuSas – mamuliSviluri Rvawli upirispirdeba. `abos wamebis~ kompoziciaSic ki SeiniSneba kontrastis principi. nawarmoebis pirveli Tavis didi nawili sagangebod muqi saRebavebiTaa Sesrulebuli, imas warmosaxavs, rom qarTvelni arabTa uRelqveS `ganilevian da iryevian, viTarca lerwamni 18
qarTagan ZlierTa~. saerTo SiSisa da erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi suliskveTebis mouZlurebis am muq fonze naTlis svetad aRimarTeba STagonebuli saxe im kacisa, romelic `ara Tu pirveliTganve Cuengani iyo, aramed umecari, sarwmunoebisagan Cuenisa ucxoÁ, ucxoÁTa SjuliTa movida da qristesa RmerTsa Cuensa, Seemecna~. Aavtori mimarTavs mowames: `Sen ugunurTa maT SemwirvelTa SenTa (Senma mkvlelebmao) maxÂli- Ta da cecxliTa umetÀs alisa gangabrwyinves... Sen naTesavTa SenTa ucxo da gangdebul gyves, xolo qristeman ismaitelTa Soris (mahmadianTa Soris), viTarca vardi ekalTagan, gamogarCia...~ antiTezisis efeqtzea gamiznuli saba iSxnelis is mimarTva bagrat kurapalatisadmi (`cxovreba grigol xanZTelisa~), sadac beri xelmwifis meufebas, droiTa da sivrciT Semofargluls, upirispirebs RvTaebis Zlevamosilebas, dausazRvrels, maradiuls. giorgi mcire, avtori `giorgi aTonelis cxovrebisa~, Tavis gmirs ase warmogvi- Cens: `kaci zecisaÁ da angelozi queyanisaÁ~; `yrmaÁ, moxucebulobiTa Semkuli, da Wabuki, siberiTa ganSuenebuli~; `aman netarman kacman sakÂrvelman da kacTa bunebisa uzeSTaes SeukadrebelTa Semkadrebelman~; `mravliTa RoniTa da vedrebiTa ver uZlo SepyrobaÁ SeupyrobelisaÁ mis da iZlia mZle uZlevelisagan...~ da mravali sxva. rac mTavaria, kontrastul ganwyobilebaTa da swrafvaTa Sejaxebis asparezia hagiografiul gmirTa arseboba. maT oqro-vercxls, pativs, saxels, Tanamdebobas aRuTqvamen – isini tanjvasa da sikvdils amjobineben (`wamebaTa~ Janri); maT simdidre, fufuneba, dideba da Zalaufleba eliT isini siRaribes, simdables, uxmauro cxovrebas, mokrZaleba-morCilebas irCeven (`cxovrebani~). dramatuli simZafriT sacnaurdeba winaaRmdegoba sxeulisa da sulisa, miwierisa da zeciurisa. qristianoba ar uaryofs am qveyanas, materialur sinamdviles, magram miiCnevs, rom miwieri cxovrebis bevri mxare Tavis TavSi Seicavs SesaZleblobas iqces Cvens mtrad. gonebis mkacr kontrols daumorCilebeli miwieri buneba azianebs sulier cxovrebas. umaRles Zlevamosilebad saxareba imas ki ar miiCnevs, saerTod aRikveTo da moaSTo xorcieli swrafvani, moakvdino sxeuli, e. i. gaeqce mters, aramed SeebrZolo mas, dasZlio winaaRmdegoba, gonierebis mkacr kontrols dauqvemdebaro xorcieli survili, Sen ibatono imaze, rac Senze cdilobs gabatonebas. arc erTi xorcieli moTxovnileba TavisTavad ar iTvleba borotebad, zomierebis farglebSi maTi dakmayofileba bunebrivadaa miCneuli. isini mtrad iqcevian, roca gabatondebian adamianze, moralur sazRvrebs dagvaviwyeben (Tanamdeboba – tiranad gvaqcevs, Wamasmis survili _ qurdad). miiCnevdnen, rom adamianebi Cvensave SigniT davatarebT erTob saSiS mters (mdabal xorciel survilebs). da Tu brZola momxdur mterTan, garegan winaaRmdegobasTan, mainc mTavrdeba, `brZola Cvens sulSi grZeldeba TviT sikvdilamde~ (tertuliane). winaaRmdegoba da brZola saukeTeso `mesa~ da mdabal `mes~ Soris, am brZolaSi mopovebuli gamarjveba iTvleba did gamarjvebad. Sinagani winaaRmdegobiTa da brZoliT ixsneba gza zeciuri amaRlebisa. Aadamianis kerZo, piraduli swrafvani Sua saukuneebis literaturuli gmiris modelSi aucileblad Semodis. igi winaaRmdegobaSi aRmoCndeba idealurTan, sayovel- TaosTan. Sinagani gaorebisa da tkivilis gziT gmiri maRldeba piradulze, romelsac fasi da mniSvneloba aqvs. rac ufro realuria am faseulobis Segneba, miT ufro mZafria winaaRmdegobis tkivili. kerZo, miwier-piraduli sawyisi harmoniulad ki ar erwymis da msWvalavs zogads, idealurs, aramed emsaxureba mas, rogorc sayrdeni, kvarcxlbeki, romelzedac aRimarTeba monumenturi saxe idealisa. kerZo Tu xorcieli Tavisi araarsebiTobiTa da SedarebiTi faseulobiT amkvidrebs arsebiTobasa da amaRlebulobas zogadisas, sulierisas. amaRlebuloba Sinagani tkivilisa da gaorebis daZlevasa da moxsnas gulisxmobs idealSi. sulieri sinaze, netareba da sixaruli sasuliero literaturis gmirTa saxeebSi rom gamokrTis, aris sixaruli tanjvasa da tkivilze gamarjvebisa, gaorebis daZleviT gawonasworebuli sulisa. igi gamoixateba cremliani RimiliT. `cremli 19
- Page 2 and 3: g a m o c d e b i s e r o v n u l i
- Page 4 and 5: S e s a v a l i `maswavleblis bibli
- Page 6 and 7: entaciasTan erTad, qarTul kulturas
- Page 8 and 9: RmerTi, `romeli hyofs simdablesa ma
- Page 10 and 11: ne) zviadi maRalfardovnebisagan. io
- Page 12 and 13: ad aRmoCnda, rom igi RmerTia~. miwi
- Page 14 and 15: met xans rom grZeldeba, TiTqmis mTl
- Page 16 and 17: movediT, Zmano, STavixedneT saflavT
- Page 20 and 21: mianiSnebs kaeSans, Rimili - naTels
- Page 22 and 23: axali drois Teologiuri azrovneba eT
- Page 24 and 25: nawarmoebi, mxolod esTetikuri TvalT
- Page 26 and 27: lis moxmareba ki ar ikrZaleba, aram
- Page 28 and 29: wmindanis ltolva wmindanobisaken, m
- Page 30 and 31: viT garejelis mowafe lukiane cxadad
- Page 32 and 33: arc mxolod TanamedroveTa zogadi dam
- Page 34 and 35: `cxovrebaTa~ gmiri Tavidanve nebayo
- Page 36 and 37: zurgs aqceven, uSurvelad gascemen q
- Page 38 and 39: X-XI ss-Si asketizmis esTetikis gam
- Page 40 and 41: SemosZarcvia suls, didi Zalisxmevis
- Page 42 and 43: `saSen masalad~ iSviaTad iyenebs ko
- Page 44 and 45: om, stereotipi nakli ki ar aris amg
- Page 46 and 47: azriT, `qarTuli hagiografiis dasawy
- Page 48 and 49: Zlieri damakavSirebeli rgoli iyo bi
- Page 50 and 51: ne Sesagragnelad mCuari wmidaÁ wmi
- Page 52 and 53: iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wameba~ 52
- Page 54 and 55: aris dakavSirebuli, wmindani uwmind
- Page 56 and 57: `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ hagiografiisaT
- Page 58 and 59: uli sulis gamarjveba xorcze. mowame
- Page 60 and 61: qorwinebac. amave dros, `samkauli~
- Page 62 and 63: qristianobas ar darTvia mwvalebluri
- Page 64 and 65: mogvianebiT gaCndeba bzari samyaros
- Page 66 and 67: mentebi. idealisaken mimaval gzaze
xedviT. Yyofiereba miCneulia sikeTed da xazgasmulia, rom Semoqmeds Seqmnilni uyvars,<br />
viTarca mamas Svilni. dadebiTi damokidebulba xorcieli sinamdvilisadmi Sua<br />
saukuneebis ideologiis safuZvelSive devs. religiur sistemaTa grZel istoriul<br />
rigSi qristianobaa is religia, romelmac RmerTi Cveulebrivi adamianisagan Sobilad<br />
aRiqva, Cvenive msgavsi xorcieli arsebobiT Semosa, miwier sinamdvileSi acxovra<br />
da jvarcmulis eklis gvirgvini adamianTan xeliT daadga Tavze. `Tavisi TavganwirviT<br />
adamianebisaTvis, xorcSesxmiT, RmerTma usasrulo faseuloba mianiWa Tvi-<br />
Toeul adamins, gaaTanabra igi TavisTan~ (n. dimitrieva).<br />
amisdakvalad, Sua saukuneebis xelovnebaSi sxeulis silamaze, materialuri sinamdvile<br />
daCrdilulia ara TavisTavad, aramed sulier samyarosTan SedarebiT da SepirispirebiT.<br />
`samyaro sulisa gamarjvebas zeimobs garegan samyaroze... da amis kvalobaze<br />
xorcieleba ufasurdeba~ (hegeli). sulieri interesebisa da xorciel swrafvaTa<br />
Sejaxebis gzaze Sua saukuneebis xelovnebis gmiri maRldeba ukanasknelze.<br />
Tu materialur-xorcieli yofna araraobaa, ueWvelia da TavisTavad cxadi, misi<br />
aseTobis mtkicebas naklebi fasi aqvs. araraobaze maRalia yvelaferi, rac mis miRma<br />
devs. esTetikurad zemoqmedi is amaRlebuloba SeiZleba iyos, roca mniSvneloba da<br />
fasi aqvs imas, razedac maRldebian (magaliTad, sicocxles, mitanils samSoblos<br />
samsxverploze).<br />
adamianis grZnobad-materialuri mxare sulier-RvTaebrivTan SedarebiT da SepirispirebiT<br />
aris dabali Sua saukuneebis ideologiisaTvis. Sedareba-Sepirispireba<br />
da kontrasti am epoqis xelovnebis principuli stilisturi niSania. sailustraciod<br />
SeiZleba warmovidginoT ori sibrtye sivrceSi, erTi dabla da meore maRla. qveda<br />
sibrtye amqveyniur-materialur arsebobas ganasaxierebs, zeda – sulier-RvTaebrivs.<br />
qristianuli xelovnebis nawarmoebi ar arsebobs rogorc esTetikuri sagani, Tu ar<br />
aris am ori sibrtyis Sepirispireba-kontrastis TvalsaCino gancda, mTlianoba, roca<br />
isini erTmaneTs moiTxoven da uaryofen. rac ufro cxadia orive sibrtyis realobis<br />
Segneba, miT ufro Zlieria mxatvruli gancda. sulier-idealuris simaRle miwier-materialuris<br />
SedarebiTi sidabliT aRiqmeba da piriqiT. personaJma cocxal gancdebad<br />
gamovlenili tkiviliT unda gaiaros aRniSnuli manZili or sibrtyes Soris, ra-<br />
Ta nawarmoebma mizans miaRwios. gmirisagan am gzis, am winaaRmdegobis daZlevis suraTi<br />
aqcevs nawarmoebs mxatvrul movlenad. Tu ar aris qveda sibrtyis cxadi, TvalsaCino<br />
gancda, maSin aRar aris manZilis SegrZneba, aRar aris winaaRmdegoba. e. i.<br />
aRar aris esTetikuri sagani.<br />
Sepirispireba-kontrastis (antiTezis) stilisturi Strixi iqedan momdinareobs,<br />
rom arseboba moazrebulia winaaRmdegobad da brZolad da ara uSfoTvel harmoniad<br />
(amis Taobaze zeviT ukve iTqva). Semoqmedma `jaWvi saukuneTa, _ ityvis erTi imdroindeli<br />
filosofosi, _ viTarca ulamazesi poema, Seamko erTgvar antiTezaTagan~ (avgustine).<br />
qarTuli hagiografiuli literaturis ZeglTa stilistur sistemaSi kontrastis<br />
principi TvalSi gvecema yvelgan da yvelaferSi; sxeuli da suli, sikvdili da sicocxle,<br />
saiqio da saaqao, keTili da boroti, sinaTle da sibnele, _ ase antiTezisurad<br />
wamodgeba mkiTxvelis warmosaxvaSi mTeli sinamdvile. iakob xanZTelis Txzulebis<br />
gmiri – SuSaniki cixeSi gamomwyvdeuli eubneba mnaxvelT: `Wirisa amisa wil<br />
Cemisa qristeman mommadlos me sixaruli, satanjvelTa amaT wil – gansuenebaÁ, guemaTa<br />
amaT CemTa da TrevaTa da SeuracxebaTa – mivemTxÂo me didebasa da pativsa ca-<br />
Ta Sina dausrulebelsa~.<br />
kontrastis formiTaa gamarTuli SuSanikis mimarTva varsqenisadmi (`ara Tu me<br />
aRmemarTa xati igi...~), sadac pitiaxSis sarwmunoebriv-saxelmwifoebriv Ralats misi<br />
mamis – arSuSas – mamuliSviluri Rvawli upirispirdeba.<br />
`abos wamebis~ kompoziciaSic ki SeiniSneba kontrastis principi. nawarmoebis pirveli<br />
Tavis didi nawili sagangebod muqi saRebavebiTaa Sesrulebuli, imas warmosaxavs,<br />
rom qarTvelni arabTa uRelqveS `ganilevian da iryevian, viTarca lerwamni<br />
18
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