iii_tomi.pdf

aSkaraa, klasikuri qarTuli leqsis saTave da pirvelwyaro aris qarTuli xalxuri
sityviereba, Zvel-qarTuli xalxuri poezia. amas adasturebs rogorc damTxveva
klasikuri Zvel-qarTuli leqsisa xalxur leqsTan, ise TviT is garemoeba, rom klasikuri
qarTuli leqsi Tavisi ritmuli aRnaqvsiT adeqvaturad upasuxebs qarTul enaSi
mocemuls bunebriv prozodias.
amrigad Zvel-qarTuli leqsis zemoT-dasaxelebuli sami saxeobidan (1_klasikuri
qarTuli leqsi, 2 _ sagalobelTa `marcvledi~, 3 _ `wyobili sityva ricxvedi~), ZiriTad
qarTulad misaCnevia pirveli, romlis warmoqmna qarTuli enis wiaRSi momxdara.
masSi ar SeiniSneba ucxour (berZnul, aRmosavlur) leqsTwyobaTa raime Zireuli,
formaciis mimcemi gavlena.
rac Seexeba meore saxeobas (sagalobelTa `marcvledi~), mis formirebaze, rogorc
Semdeg davinaxavT, uSualo gavlena hqonda berZnul leqsTwyobas.
Tu rogori warmoSobisaa mesame saxeoba Zvel-qarTuli leqsisa (`wyobili sityva
ricxvedi~), es kiTxva araa savsebiT naTeli. am Taviseburs umarcvledo leqss paraleli
aqvs Zvel aRmosavlur leqsTwyobaSi semuri enebisa. magram mTeli rigi garemoebaTa
gvafiqrebinebs, rom es leqsTwyoba ar unda iyves nasesxebi qarTulSi, aramed
qarTul niadagze warmoqmnili. yovel SemTxvevaSi aRsaniSnavia is uaRresad mniSvnelovani
faqti, rom uZvelesi qarTuli folkloruli teqstebi, Setanili leonti
mrovelis TxzulebaSi `cxoreba qarTvelTa~, am mesame leqsTwyobas warmogvidgens.
safiqrebeli xdeba, rom am arqauli tipis umarcvledo leqsis saxiT Cven gvaqvs is
arqauli qarTuli leqsTwyoba, romelic win uswrebda muxledovani qarTuli leqsis
saboloo Camoyalibebas. warmoqmna qarTuli leqsTwyobis am adrindeli saxeobisa
uZveles epoqas, arqaul antikur xanas unda miekuTvnos.
silaburi muxledi klasikuri qarTuli leqsisa.
qarTuli klasikuri leqsis metruli struqturis safuZvels Seadgens ara terfi
(rogorc es gvaqvs tonursa da qvantiteturs metrul leqsTwyobaSi), aramed silaburi
muxledi sxvadasxva zomisa, or-marcvledidan cxra-marcvledamde, romlebic erTmaneTisagan
ganiyofeba mudmivi cezurebiT. Tavisi muxledovani wyobiT qarTuli klasikuri
leqsi gansxvavdeba Zvel-qarTuli leqsis danarCeni ori saxeobisagan:
Zveli qarTuli leqsis meore saxeobaSi (e. i. sagalobelTa marcvledSi), yoveli
taepi warmoadgens erTs mTlians, ukveTels silabur erTeuls (romelic grZel taepebSi
ganiyofeba moZravi cezuriT); taepi araa aq danawevrebuli (gankveTili) mkvidr,
ucvlel muxlebad (mudmivi cezuriT).
rac Seexeba Zveli qarTuli leqsis mesame saxeobas (`wyobil-sityvas~), igi rogorc
movixseneT, sruliad gansxvavebuls saleqso sistemas warmoadgens, romelic
emyareba ara marcvledovan wyobas, aramed Sinaarsobliv-taepobriv ritmikas.
silaburi muxledebis saxeobani.
klasikur qarTul leqsSi Cven gvaqvs silabur muxledTa Semdegi saxeobani:
mokle muxledebi: 2-marcvledi;
3-marcvledi;
saSualo muxledebi: 4-marcvledi;
5-marcvledi;
6-marcvledi (daqtiluri, bolo-spondeuri, reuli);
7-marcvledi(bolo-daqtiluri, bolo-qoreuli, reuli);
grZeli muxledebi: 8-marcvledi;
9-marcvledi.
mokle muxledebi, qarTuli enis bunebrivi prozodiis Tanaxmad, ar hqmnian sazomebis
uwyvetel serias (oriani an samiani dimetrebi, oriani an samiani trimetrebi,
oriani an samiani tetrametrebi, da a. S.); mokle muxledebi Sedis rogorc Semadgeneli
nawili SenaerT sazomebSi (saSualo da grZel muxledebTan SekavSirebiT). amas
garda, mokle muxledebi gvxvdeba damoukidebeli muxled-taepebis _ monometrebis saxiT
(oriani monometri da samiani monometri iambikonebisa).
162