iii_tomi.pdf
iii_tomi.pdf iii_tomi.pdf
ar unda gvesmodes, rom gaaRrmavao enis gamomsaxvelobiTi unari, anda, Tundac – gaamdidrao enis leqsika. aramed aq TviT qarTuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas unda vxedavdeT `ena-azrovnebis~ ganviTarebiT (`gananaTlao enaÁ da queyanaÁ qarTvelTa~), enobrivi msoflxedviT, kulturis amaRlebiT. TviT `enac~, viTarca termini, farTo Sinaarsis Semcveli unda yofiliyo da niSnavda `ena-azrovnebas~. aseT gagebas mxars dauWers giorgi aTonelis Sesaxeb giorgi mciris Tqmuli sityvebi – `srulyo naklulovnebaÁ enisa CuenisaÁo~. yovelive es sakuTriv enobrivi (leqsikur-gramatikuli) momentebis ganviTarebas ki ar uaryofs, aramed adasturebs kidevac. `ena~ rom sulieri SinaarsiT SeiZleba esmodeT, amas sxva epizodebic cxadyofs. am TvalsazrisiT SevxedoT erT cnobil epizods. bavSvobisas eqvTime yofila bizantiis samefo karze. etyoba, aq qarTuli sakmaod daviwynia. ioanes dauxsnia mcirewlovani eqvTime mZevlobisagan, ulumbos mTaze wauyvania da mis aRzrdas Sesdgomia. `pirvelad qarTuli swavla aswavla da mere berZnulad gaaswavlao~ (T. XIII). im dros eqvTime Zlier avad gamxdara. am faqts avtori sagangebo mniSvnelobas aniWebs: mSobliuri enis daviwyebam eqvTime daasneulao. magram male mis sulier wiaRSi `damarxuli ena qarTuli~ saswaulebrivi ZaliT gacocxlebula. eqvTimes uxilavs, rom RvTismSobeli gamocxadebia mas da qarTulad Sesityvebia. `movkvdebi, dedofaloo~, _ eubneba eqvTime. `da viTarca ese vTqu, _ ambobda TviTon eqvTime, _ mipyrao xelsa da mrqua: `aRdeg, nu geSinin da qarTulad xsnilad ubnobdio~. mSobliuri enis dabrunebas eqvTime ganukurnavs. rogorc vxedavT, agiografia evangeluri lazares aRdginebis msgavsad aRwers am ambebs. lazare aRadgina qristem, eqvTime – RvTismSobelma. magram TviT lazares aRdgineba qristes aRdgomas moaswavebda. eqvTimes aRdgineba simbolurad sulieri sityvis aRdginebas emsgavseba (roca gacocxlda masSi qarTuli sityva, momakvdavi eqvTimec gankurnebula). aq kidev erTi analogiaa. warmodgenilia Suasaukuneobrivi odigitiriis (gzis maC-venebeli RvTismSoblis) msgavsi suraTi. odigitiriis kompoziciebs Tavisi Sinaarsi aqvT. RvTismSoblis dedoba gaazrebulia rogorc yrmisTvis cxovrebis gzis Cveneba. yrma aris qriste, anu `RmrTisa sityva~, logosi. odigitiriis kompoziciebze RvTismSobeli mas xels SeaSvelebs da amiTaa gamoxatuli gzaze dayeneba. asea aqac: RvTismSobelma `upyra xeli~ eqvTimes da gzaze daayena, sulier gzaze. es moaswavebda, rom eqvTimeSi daisadgura sulierma sityvam (`mieriTgan dauyeneblad, viTarca wyaroÁ, aRmodin uwmides yovelTa qarTvelTasa~ (T. XIII). sulier-xorcieli aRdgineba SeigrZno mSobliuri enis wyalobiT. aRniSnul epizodSi imdroindeli saxismetyvelebis kvalobaze gamoxatulia azri: adamianSi misi wilxvedri suliereba arsebobs mSobliuri enis wyalobiT. ena mxolod sulieri Zala ki araa, aramed xorcieli bunebis masuldgmulebelicaa, e. i. adamianis suliT-xorcieli simrTelis safuZvelia. avtori rom ar erideba mkveTr da STambeWdav evangelur analogiebs, amas eqvTimes fericvalebis epizodic gviCvenebs. es epizodic gamocalkevebuladaa CarTuli nawarmoebSi. es moxda fericvalebis dRes. mTawmindelTa wesi iyo am dRes Ramis Tevad mTaze asvla. mTawmindelebma eqvTimesTan erTad Rame gaaTenes da diliT yvela iq myofma ixila eqvTime, `viTarca cecxli mgznebare~. yvelani zarma Seipyro. bolos TviTon eqvTimem daamSvida isini. esaa adamianis umaRlesi sulieri amaRleba. magram TviT faqti adamianis RvTaebrivi amaRlebisa maRalsulierebis kults amkvidrebda. rogorc cnobilia, nawarmoebSi CarTulia eqvTimes TargmanTa nusxa. albaT, am nusxis CarTvas mxolod bibliografiuli mizani ar hqonia. igi warmogvidgens eqvTimes sulier raobas. samonastro eTikis garda, maTSi saero eTikis problematikac iCens Tavs. am mxriv, mTeli Semdegdroindeli qarTuli mwerloba eqvTimes eyrdnoboda, magaliTad, sulxan-saba orbelianis `swavlani~ didadaa davalebuli eqvTimes Targmanebisgan. nawarmoebSi didi adgili eTmoba eqvTimes mier SemoRebul wes-gangebas. iSviaTia, rom agiografiul TxzulebaSi ase srulad Candes samonastro wesebi. Tanac, es wes-gangebani nawarmoebis sruliad organuli nawilia. umetesad isini 146
akrZalvebs Seica-vs da am akrZalvebisas Zalze kargadaa gaTvaliswinebuli adamianis buneba. magali-Tad, aris erTi aseTi erTgvarad moulodneli SeniSvna: trapezze (anu samonastro purobaze) Turme eqvTime Tavad gausinjavda xolme gemos Rvinos da mere mevaJines – Rvinis mnes etyoda: `Zmao, amaT ZmaTa nugeSinis sacemeli sxuaÁ ara sadaiT aqus amis trapezisagan kide. ukueTu subuqi Rvino iyos, yola nu urTav wyalsa, da ukueTu saSuvali iyos, jerisaebr urTe~ (T. XIX). aseve gaTvaliswinebuli iyo sibere da uZlureba adamianisa, raTa mas Sesaferisi SeRavaTebi miniWeboda. `humanizmis im simaRlemde, romelzedac Cvens avtors vxedavT, ar asula arc erTi warmomadgeneli berZnul-bizantiuri asketikuri praqtikisa~, _ werda k. kekeliZe. humanizmi Canda ioanes anderZSiac: `stumris moyvarebasa nu daiviwyebTo da raca RmerTsa eboZos, glaxakTa miupyrobdiTo” (T. VII). aq ori ram moqmedebs: kanoni da madli. kanoni Zveli aRTqmidan modis, madli-evangeluria. kanoni iTxovs damnaSavis dasjas. dasja ki ar unda Sediodes idealSi. ideali mitevebaa, esaa madli. godolSi (koSkSi) miuxda eqvTimes erTi monazoni da misi ori mowafe daxoca. is avsulobiT daisaja, xolo mebostnes, romelsac aseve ewada eqvTimes mokvla, monaniebiT Seendo. ramdenime sakiTxs gvsurs yuradReba mivaqcioT giorgi aTonelis cnobili sityvebidan – `TargmnilTa misTa wignTa sitkboebaÁ, vi- Tarca nestvi, aramed saberZneTisa-saca, rameTu balahvari da abukuraÁ da sxuanica xmamaRali, oxris yovelsa queyanasa ara xolo qarTlisasa, raodenime werilni qar- Tulidan Targmnna berZnulad`. esec klasikuri warsulis gansakuTrebuli faqti iyo. cxadia, giorgi aTonelma kargad icoda, Tu ras warmoadgenda, magaliTad, `sibrZne balavarisa~ da ras niSnavda misi Targmna qarTulisagan berZnulad. ioane iTvaliswinebda `qarTuli enis~ (ena-azrovnebis) naklovanebas eqvTimes mTargmnelobiTi amocanebis gansazRvrisas. `sibrZne balavarisa~ unikaluri tipis hagiografiuli Txzulebaa. igi Seicavs religiis udidesi warmomadgenlis budas cxovrebis qristianul gadamuSavebas. pirvelad daiwera arabulad. arabulidan iTargmna qarTulad, xolo qarTulidan eqvTime aTonelma berZnulad Targmna. berZnulidan Targmnes laTinurad da sxva enebzedac. ase gavrcelda igi mTel msoflioSi. es nawarmoebi erT-erTi rgolia indur da qristianul samyaroTa dasakavSireblad. es kavSiri eqvTimes Targmanma ganaxorciela. gaiba aseTi xazi: induri samyaro – arabuli Targmani – qarTuli Targmani da berZnuli da a. S. es moaswavebda, rom saqarTveloze dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis dasakavSireblad mxolod saqaravno gzebi ki ar gadioda, aramed sulier urTierTobaTa gzebic. `ioanesa da eqvTimes~ saxismetyvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia erTi sruliad gamokveTili Tavisebureba: nawarmoebi TiTqosda ganerida `mxatvruli xerxebis~ moxmobas, ganerida sityvakazmulobiT faqtebis Semkobas. avtoris rwmeniT, eqvTimesTan dakavSirebuli faqtebi TavisTavad arian mravlismetyvelni, TviT faqtebi Sinaganad Seicaven esTetikuri zemoqmedebis Zalas. zogadad es yvela hagiografiuli Txzulebis Tvisebaa, Tumca sxvagan Zalze xSirad gvxvdeba tropuli metyveleba, sityvakazmuli wiaRsvlani, rasac ganerideba giorgi aToneli. giorgi aTonelis stili, romelic ar igrZnoba, metaforulad rom vTqvaT, wminda wylis gamWvirvalebiT naTelyofs siRrmiseul movlenebs. 147
- Page 96 and 97: `wminda ninos cxovrebis~ mTeli saxi
- Page 98 and 99: nebis Tavisuflebis kvalobaze, adami
- Page 100 and 101: veles yovlisa, qedmaRlobis qveS, ro
- Page 102 and 103: mas kibesa winamZRurobisasa aRiyvan
- Page 104 and 105: uar-yo... egeviTarman man ganTqumul
- Page 106 and 107: ZTaSi stumrad mosul berebs erTxel g
- Page 108 and 109: kefaliisaTvis gamarTul disputSi mon
- Page 110 and 111: ogorc varaudoben, Txzuleba dawerili
- Page 112 and 113: ogorc aRniSnaven, ioane sabaniZis T
- Page 114 and 115: gulisa Tquenisani maspinZel eqmeniT
- Page 116 and 117: qarTvelebs siyvaruliT `haboTi~ Seuc
- Page 118 and 119: TavSi sabanisZe eklesiaSi Semokrebi
- Page 120 and 121: keTilad Semmzadebel sulnelTa maT sa
- Page 122 and 123: omelic macxovarTan erTad gaakres jv
- Page 124 and 125: qarTlSi WeSmarit qristianad dabrune
- Page 126 and 127: qarTuli agiografia ioane sabanisZe,
- Page 128 and 129: msoflios `yurea~. amas exmianeba na
- Page 130 and 131: welTaRricxvis win. amas emateba 786
- Page 132 and 133: ul RirsebaTa warmoCenas yovelTvis S
- Page 134 and 135: swavlulni ufroÁs gulisxmier hyuen,
- Page 136 and 137: cxli ese queyanaisaÁ, aramed viTar
- Page 138 and 139: pirispirebas). 2. erovnuli TviTgacn
- Page 140 and 141: tesa da beatriCes pirispir dgoma ma
- Page 142 and 143: Tornike ambobda: `me CemTa codvaTaT
- Page 144 and 145: is gacocxleba, anu imis garkveva, T
- Page 148 and 149: giorgi merCulis `grigol xanZTelis c
- Page 150 and 151: ogoricaa samebis arsi, mwvalebloba
- Page 152 and 153: giorgi merCulis Txzulebis mTavari g
- Page 154 and 155: missa cis-sartyelis saxed, Sueniera
- Page 156 and 157: gasaTavisufleblad SeimarTnen wmida
- Page 158 and 159: `sulier-mxatvrul Rvwas~ (`naTeli mi
- Page 160 and 161: leqsis saxelwodebad Zvel-qarTul mwe
- Page 162 and 163: aSkaraa, klasikuri qarTuli leqsis s
- Page 164 and 165: eziis Zeglebi proziT aris naweri? e
- Page 166 and 167: 3 (antistrofi) 4 (antistrofi) STah
- Page 168 and 169: II kavSiri Zvel-qarTuli himnografiu
- Page 170 and 171: isa, musikaluris kompoziciebiT. am
- Page 172 and 173: da ara mxolod saleqso sazomebisa; s
- Page 174 and 175: 1 (strofi) 2 (antistrofi) mÃdom me
- Page 176 and 177: da zusti saxelwodeba qarTuli leqsis
- Page 178 and 179: Zala eklesiebSi Tavisufali improviz
- Page 180 and 181: adamianisaTvis gaixsnas ideis Sinaa
- Page 182 and 183: cxadia, naTqvami imas ar niSnavs, r
- Page 184 and 185: intonaciur xmovanebas nawarmoebis t
- Page 186 and 187: daviTis TqmiT, man elinTa mier RmrT
- Page 188 and 189: uria xeTelis colTan _ bersabesTan.
- Page 190 and 191: erTmaneTisagan mkveTrad gansxvavdeb
- Page 192 and 193: SesZlebodaT mSobliuri kulturis sams
- Page 194 and 195: Sesxma da qeba ama Tu im `sulieri g
akrZalvebs Seica-vs da am akrZalvebisas Zalze kargadaa gaTvaliswinebuli adamianis<br />
buneba. magali-Tad, aris erTi aseTi erTgvarad moulodneli SeniSvna: trapezze (anu<br />
samonastro purobaze) Turme eqvTime Tavad gausinjavda xolme gemos Rvinos da mere<br />
mevaJines – Rvinis mnes etyoda: `Zmao, amaT ZmaTa nugeSinis sacemeli sxuaÁ ara sadaiT<br />
aqus amis trapezisagan kide. ukueTu subuqi Rvino iyos, yola nu urTav wyalsa,<br />
da ukueTu saSuvali iyos, jerisaebr urTe~ (T. XIX). aseve gaTvaliswinebuli iyo<br />
sibere da uZlureba adamianisa, raTa mas Sesaferisi SeRavaTebi miniWeboda. `humanizmis<br />
im simaRlemde, romelzedac Cvens avtors vxedavT, ar asula arc erTi warmomadgeneli<br />
berZnul-bizantiuri asketikuri praqtikisa~, _ werda k. kekeliZe. humanizmi<br />
Canda ioanes anderZSiac: `stumris moyvarebasa nu daiviwyebTo da raca RmerTsa<br />
eboZos, glaxakTa miupyrobdiTo” (T. VII).<br />
aq ori ram moqmedebs: kanoni da madli. kanoni Zveli aRTqmidan modis, madli-evangeluria.<br />
kanoni iTxovs damnaSavis dasjas. dasja ki ar unda Sediodes idealSi. ideali<br />
mitevebaa, esaa madli. godolSi (koSkSi) miuxda eqvTimes erTi monazoni da misi<br />
ori mowafe daxoca. is avsulobiT daisaja, xolo mebostnes, romelsac aseve ewada<br />
eqvTimes mokvla, monaniebiT Seendo. ramdenime sakiTxs gvsurs yuradReba mivaqcioT<br />
giorgi aTonelis cnobili sityvebidan – `TargmnilTa misTa wignTa sitkboebaÁ, vi-<br />
Tarca nestvi, aramed saberZneTisa-saca, rameTu balahvari da abukuraÁ da sxuanica<br />
xmamaRali, oxris yovelsa queyanasa ara xolo qarTlisasa, raodenime werilni qar-<br />
Tulidan Targmnna berZnulad`. esec klasikuri warsulis gansakuTrebuli faqti iyo.<br />
cxadia, giorgi aTonelma kargad icoda, Tu ras warmoadgenda, magaliTad, `sibrZne<br />
balavarisa~ da ras niSnavda misi Targmna qarTulisagan berZnulad. ioane iTvaliswinebda<br />
`qarTuli enis~ (ena-azrovnebis) naklovanebas eqvTimes mTargmnelobiTi<br />
amocanebis gansazRvrisas.<br />
`sibrZne balavarisa~ unikaluri tipis hagiografiuli Txzulebaa. igi Seicavs religiis<br />
udidesi warmomadgenlis budas cxovrebis qristianul gadamuSavebas. pirvelad<br />
daiwera arabulad. arabulidan iTargmna qarTulad, xolo qarTulidan eqvTime<br />
aTonelma berZnulad Targmna. berZnulidan Targmnes laTinurad da sxva enebzedac.<br />
ase gavrcelda igi mTel msoflioSi.<br />
es nawarmoebi erT-erTi rgolia indur da qristianul samyaroTa dasakavSireblad.<br />
es kavSiri eqvTimes Targmanma ganaxorciela. gaiba aseTi xazi: induri samyaro –<br />
arabuli Targmani – qarTuli Targmani da berZnuli da a. S. es moaswavebda, rom saqarTveloze<br />
dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis dasakavSireblad mxolod saqaravno gzebi<br />
ki ar gadioda, aramed sulier urTierTobaTa gzebic.<br />
`ioanesa da eqvTimes~ saxismetyvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia erTi sruliad gamokveTili<br />
Tavisebureba: nawarmoebi TiTqosda ganerida `mxatvruli xerxebis~ moxmobas,<br />
ganerida sityvakazmulobiT faqtebis Semkobas. avtoris rwmeniT, eqvTimesTan dakavSirebuli<br />
faqtebi TavisTavad arian mravlismetyvelni, TviT faqtebi Sinaganad<br />
Seicaven esTetikuri zemoqmedebis Zalas. zogadad es yvela hagiografiuli Txzulebis<br />
Tvisebaa, Tumca sxvagan Zalze xSirad gvxvdeba tropuli metyveleba, sityvakazmuli<br />
wiaRsvlani, rasac ganerideba giorgi aToneli. giorgi aTonelis stili, romelic<br />
ar igrZnoba, metaforulad rom vTqvaT, wminda wylis gamWvirvalebiT naTelyofs<br />
siRrmiseul movlenebs.<br />
147
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