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is gacocxleba, anu imis garkveva, Tu ra ar ekuTvnis warsulidan mxolod istorias, raa CvenTvisac axlobeli. esTetikuri mniSvneloba SeiZleba hqondes istoriul faqts TviT Tavisive istoriuli SinaarsiT. am TvalsazrisiT, `ioanesa da eqvTimes cxovrebaSi~ araerTi mniSvnelovani faqtia. igulisxmeba ara is movlenebi, romlebic nawarmoebSi mxatvruladaa xorcSesxmuli, aramed isini, romlebic uamisodac esTetikurad mimzidvelia. bunebrivad daismis kiTxva: ra xdeba istoriul movlenaTa esTetizaciis safuZveli? calkeuli maTgani ukve aRvniSneT. magaliTad, esaa movlenaTa mikuTvneba erovnuli klasikuri warsulisadmi. movlena Tu klasikuri warsulis nawilia, igi erovnul SegnebaSi uTuod esTetizebulia. sxva faqtorebic arsebobs, magram Cven amjerad yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT erT-erT maTganze. mas pirobiTad vuwodoT `ganumeorebelobis esTetizacia~. magram amas gansakuTrebuli ganmarteba dasWirdeba, roca sityva hagiografias exeba. erTi SexedviT, gamoricxuli unda iyos hagiografiaSi ganumeoreblobis esTetizacia, radganac pirovneba mas ainteresebs ara ise, rogorc iyo, aramed ise, rogorc unda yofiliyo. es cnobili da gavrcelebuli tendenciaa. swored aq Semodis erTi qmediTi tendencia, romelic emyareba erTjeradobis cnobil evangelur princips:Psaswaulebi erTjeradia, erTjeradia Sesaqme, erTjeradia qristeSoba, aRdgoma, amaRleba d a. S. amis kvalobaze erTjeradia yovelive is, rac hagiografiul personaJebs Seexeba da egeve gansazRvravs erTjeradobis faseulobas. asea `sanqcirebuli~ agiografiaSi ganumeorebloba. hagiografiaSi ganumeoreblobis esTetizacia SeiZleba iyos swored is, rom konkretuli movlena umaRles kanonzomierebaTa gamovlenad iTvleba. es xdeba pirovnebaTa ganumeoreblobis esTetizaciis safuZveli. dRes aqtualuria interesi pirovnebisadmi, pirovnul-individualuri ganumeoreblobisadmi. yovelive es iTxovs, rom adamianobaze fiqrisas mxolod zogad kanonzomierebaze da kanonebze ki nu vfiqrobT, aramed Tavad pirovnebaze vifiqroT, cocxal pirovnebaze. pirovnebaSia adamianis arseba. nawarmoebSi pirovnebis ganumeorebloba sxvadasxvagvarad Cans. amisi nimuSia eqv- Times mTargmnelobis Semdegi daxasiaTebac: `egeviTari Targmani, gareSe maT pirvel- Tasa, arRara gamoCinebul ars enasa Cuensa da vhgoneb, Tu arcaRa gamoCinebad ars~ (T. XIII). es sityvebi aSkarad ganumeoreblobas gamoxatavs (amisTana mTargmneli arca yofila da, vgoneb, arc iyoso). mTeli Tavisebureba imdroindeli azrovnebisa sibrZnisadmi damokidebulebaSi mJRavndeba. esTetikur zemoqmedebad iTvleba `sibrZnis~ zemoqmedeba. roca vexebiT tipur Suasaukuneobriv Zegls, iqneba es hagiografiuli Txzuleba, freska, xati, miniatura, sagalobeli Tu taZari, viTvaliswinebT, rom absoluturad yvelaferi simboluria: mTeli Sinaarsi, yvela detali Tu nebismieri mimarTeba. romaeli beri leoni da qarTveli gabrieli erTmaneTs ugeben, Tumca erTmaneTis ena srulebiT ar ician (rasac sagangebod aRniSnavs avtori; leonma arc sxva romelime ena icoda, Tavisi enis garda). `ubnobdian sityviTa saRmrToÁTao~. ezra mTawmindelis sagalobelSi vkiTxulobT: ucxo ars smena, sxviTa eniTa zraxva mRvdel-Suenieris gabrielisi, raJams ena, romeli ar icoda, esma. es sityvebi Sesulia ezra mTawmindelis nawarmoebSi `(Sesxma) wmidisa mamis Cuenisa, iovane qarTvelisaÁ, romelman aRaSena mTawmidas didi lavra qarTvelTa~. gabrielis saxe aq erT iambikoSia warmodgenili da gamoyofilia swored es faqti. sulierebiTaa aRbeWdili eqvTimes daxasiaTebani himnografiaSi: etrfiale Sen sibrZnesa, sanatrelo, da Seiyvare igi ufroÁs yovlisa, romlisaTvisca ganisuena SenTana da vercxl rCeul yo ena Seni brwyinvale, 144

Rirso, da ganamdidren Sen cis-kideni. esaa iambiko zosime mTawmindelis nawarmoebidan – `dasdebelni wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa efTvimi mTawmindelisani~. wminda eqvTime `misi naxeli oden kma ars saTnoebaTa misTa simaRlisa gamoCinebad~ (T. I). `man gananaTla qarTvelTa enaÁ da queyanaÁ~ (T. I). ufro gvian nawarmoebis siRrmeSi (T. XXII) mocemulia misi garegnuli daxasiaTeba: `iyo wmindaÁ mamaÁ Cueni efTvimi saxiTa myudro da gonebiTa wrfel da mdabal da suliTa ganaTlebul da wmida da guamiTa Zlier~. es araa personaJis Cveulebrivi daxasiaTeba. esaa eqvTimes freskuli saxe da ara Cveulebrivi portreti. portretze mTavaria pirovnebis fizikuri Tvisebebi da misive sulieri buneba am fizikuri niSnebis mixedviT SeiZleba warmovidginoT sul sxva freska. aq mTavaria suliereba. masze fizikuri niSnebi Zalze mcirea. aq suli batonobs. eqvTime aTonelis umTavresi damsaxureba oria: iveronis wes-gangebis dafuZneba da mTargmneloba. ZiriTadi mainc Targmna iyo. swored Targmans gulisxmobs – `man gananaTla qarTvelTa enaÁ da queyanaÁ~. `gananaTla~ mociqulebriv (`ganmanaTleblur~) Tvisebebsac iTvaliswinebs. amnairi simbolika pirdapiri azriT ar unda gavigoT, aq mniSvnelobs zogadi ideali (`sveto da simtkiceo... axalo mociquloo~, _ ase mimar- Tavs sagalobelSi eqvTimes basil mTawmindeli). unda davfiqrdeT, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba hqonia Targmans qarTuli mwerlobisaTvis. xSirad igi Tavisi mniSvnelobiT originalur mwerlobasac ki ar Camouvardeboda. es upirvelesad exeba bibliis mTargmnelebs, im literatorebs, romlebmac qarTulad gadmonerges bizantiuri mwerloba, giorgi aTonels, efrem mcires, ioane petriws, `visramianis~ mTargmnels, anton bagrations, `gardamavali xanis~ did ganmanaTlebel daviT batoniSvils, ivane maCabels da uaRresad warmatebuli dRevandeli mTargmnelobiTi kulturis mraval warmomadgenels. eqvTimes adreuli cxovreba iyo mzadeba didi Targmanebis gansaxorcieleblad da Semdeg xdeba ideis xorcSesxma. Zalze mniSvnelovania erTi garemoeba. sakiTxi ase daismis: arsebiTad riTia idealizebuli eqvTimes saxe? eqvTime iyo iveronis erT-erTi pirveli winamZRvarTagani (pirveli iyo ioane, meore _ eqvTime). man daamyara iveronSi wes-gangebani da, TiTqosda, misi gaidealebis ZiriTadi safuZvelic swored es unda yofiliyo. sinamdvileSi, idealizebulia is, rom eqvTimem uari Tqva monastris xelmZRvanelobaze da mTlianad mTargmnelobas mieca (T. XXII). `winamZRurobasa Sina dahyo aTormeti weli da samasisa sulisa zrunvaÁ da didisa lavrisa gangebaÁ da mTawminelTa ufroÁsni sauravni mis netarisa mier iurvebodes. da Tvissa kanonsa didsa da mZimesa Zlierad aRasrulebda. da amis yovlisa Tana keTilsa mas Sromasa Targmanebisasa ara daacadebda, arca scemda gansuenebasa Tavsa Tvissa, aramed yovladve iWirvin da RameTa aTevn, rameTu ufroisni wignni RamiT sanTliTa uTargmnian~ (T. XIII). mis TanamoRvawe iveronelebsac sjerodaT, rom eqvTimes umTavresi misia mTargmneloba iyo (T. XXVI). upirvelesad swored am mxriv ganadidebs mas giorgi aToneli. iSviaTia, rom hagiografiaSi wmindanobis SaravandediT ZiriTadad mTargmnelobiTi RvawlisTvis SeemosaT pirovneba. SeiZleboda yovelive es agvexsna giorgi aTonelisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli saazrovno siaxleebiT, magram albaT sxva faqtorebsac sWirdeba gaTvaliswineba. sakiTxi gasagebi iqneboda, rom idealizacia damyareboda eqvTimes mier bibliuri wignebis Targmnas, amiT SeiZleboda wmindanad aRiareba, rogorc dasavleTSi ieronimesi, laTinuri vulgatis avtorisa. magram eqvTimes Targmanebs vulgatis mniSvneloba ar moupovebia. TviTon giorgi aTonelma saWirod CaTvala Tavidanve eTargmna oTxTavi da daviTni, romlebic eqvTimesac hqonda naTargmni (mxolod apokalifsi ar uTargmnia giorgi aTonels). giorgi aTonelis sityvebi eqvTimem `gananaTlao qarTvelTa enaÁ~ mxolod ise ki 145

is gacocxleba, anu imis garkveva, Tu ra ar ekuTvnis warsulidan mxolod istorias,<br />

raa CvenTvisac axlobeli. esTetikuri mniSvneloba SeiZleba hqondes istoriul faqts<br />

TviT Tavisive istoriuli SinaarsiT.<br />

am TvalsazrisiT, `ioanesa da eqvTimes cxovrebaSi~ araerTi mniSvnelovani faqtia.<br />

igulisxmeba ara is movlenebi, romlebic nawarmoebSi mxatvruladaa xorcSesxmuli,<br />

aramed isini, romlebic uamisodac esTetikurad mimzidvelia.<br />

bunebrivad daismis kiTxva: ra xdeba istoriul movlenaTa esTetizaciis safuZveli?<br />

calkeuli maTgani ukve aRvniSneT. magaliTad, esaa movlenaTa mikuTvneba erovnuli<br />

klasikuri warsulisadmi. movlena Tu klasikuri warsulis nawilia, igi erovnul<br />

SegnebaSi uTuod esTetizebulia. sxva faqtorebic arsebobs, magram Cven amjerad<br />

yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT erT-erT maTganze. mas pirobiTad vuwodoT `ganumeorebelobis<br />

esTetizacia~. magram amas gansakuTrebuli ganmarteba dasWirdeba, roca sityva<br />

hagiografias exeba. erTi SexedviT, gamoricxuli unda iyos hagiografiaSi ganumeoreblobis<br />

esTetizacia, radganac pirovneba mas ainteresebs ara ise, rogorc iyo,<br />

aramed ise, rogorc unda yofiliyo. es cnobili da gavrcelebuli tendenciaa.<br />

swored aq Semodis erTi qmediTi tendencia, romelic emyareba erTjeradobis cnobil<br />

evangelur princips:Psaswaulebi erTjeradia, erTjeradia Sesaqme, erTjeradia<br />

qristeSoba, aRdgoma, amaRleba d a. S. amis kvalobaze erTjeradia yovelive is, rac<br />

hagiografiul personaJebs Seexeba da egeve gansazRvravs erTjeradobis faseulobas.<br />

asea `sanqcirebuli~ agiografiaSi ganumeorebloba. hagiografiaSi ganumeoreblobis<br />

esTetizacia SeiZleba iyos swored is, rom konkretuli movlena umaRles kanonzomierebaTa<br />

gamovlenad iTvleba. es xdeba pirovnebaTa ganumeoreblobis esTetizaciis<br />

safuZveli.<br />

dRes aqtualuria interesi pirovnebisadmi, pirovnul-individualuri ganumeoreblobisadmi.<br />

yovelive es iTxovs, rom adamianobaze fiqrisas mxolod zogad kanonzomierebaze<br />

da kanonebze ki nu vfiqrobT, aramed Tavad pirovnebaze vifiqroT, cocxal<br />

pirovnebaze. pirovnebaSia adamianis arseba.<br />

nawarmoebSi pirovnebis ganumeorebloba sxvadasxvagvarad Cans. amisi nimuSia eqv-<br />

Times mTargmnelobis Semdegi daxasiaTebac: `egeviTari Targmani, gareSe maT pirvel-<br />

Tasa, arRara gamoCinebul ars enasa Cuensa da vhgoneb, Tu arcaRa gamoCinebad ars~<br />

(T. XIII). es sityvebi aSkarad ganumeoreblobas gamoxatavs (amisTana mTargmneli arca<br />

yofila da, vgoneb, arc iyoso). mTeli Tavisebureba imdroindeli azrovnebisa sibrZnisadmi<br />

damokidebulebaSi mJRavndeba. esTetikur zemoqmedebad iTvleba `sibrZnis~<br />

zemoqmedeba. roca vexebiT tipur Suasaukuneobriv Zegls, iqneba es hagiografiuli<br />

Txzuleba, freska, xati, miniatura, sagalobeli Tu taZari, viTvaliswinebT, rom<br />

absoluturad yvelaferi simboluria: mTeli Sinaarsi, yvela detali Tu nebismieri<br />

mimarTeba.<br />

romaeli beri leoni da qarTveli gabrieli erTmaneTs ugeben, Tumca erTmaneTis<br />

ena srulebiT ar ician (rasac sagangebod aRniSnavs avtori; leonma arc sxva romelime<br />

ena icoda, Tavisi enis garda). `ubnobdian sityviTa saRmrToÁTao~.<br />

ezra mTawmindelis sagalobelSi vkiTxulobT:<br />

ucxo ars smena, sxviTa eniTa zraxva<br />

mRvdel-Suenieris gabrielisi, raJams<br />

ena, romeli ar icoda, esma.<br />

es sityvebi Sesulia ezra mTawmindelis nawarmoebSi `(Sesxma) wmidisa mamis Cuenisa,<br />

iovane qarTvelisaÁ, romelman aRaSena mTawmidas didi lavra qarTvelTa~. gabrielis<br />

saxe aq erT iambikoSia warmodgenili da gamoyofilia swored es faqti.<br />

sulierebiTaa aRbeWdili eqvTimes daxasiaTebani himnografiaSi:<br />

etrfiale Sen sibrZnesa, sanatrelo,<br />

da Seiyvare igi ufroÁs yovlisa,<br />

romlisaTvisca ganisuena SenTana<br />

da vercxl rCeul yo ena Seni brwyinvale,<br />

144

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