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Tornike ambobda: `me CemTa codvaTaTvis Sevimose saxe ese... sworad sikudilisa mZime ars ese saqme Cem zeda~. (T. 5). gaugzavnes vedrebis wignebi daviT kurapalats. `kurapalatsa winaSe moiwia Tornik~. kurapalatma `friad ganixara~. `spasalarad Tornik ganaCines~: man `aota skliarosi da vidre sparseTamde meot wariqcia~. `ukuniqca da moikiTxa kurapalati~. Semdeg mefeebs Sexvda da `kualad mTawmidasve moiqca lavrad didisa aTanasessa~. `maSin miscnes mefeTa zemoni queyanani saberZneTisani kurapalatsa~ (T. VI). es sayovelTaod cnobili ambebi mowodebulia rogorc nawarmoebis erT-erTi centraluri epizodi. igi mniSvnelovania bizantiisa da saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis, TviT iveronisaTvis. faqtobrivad, am ambebma gansazRvra sabolood iveronis daarseba. es yvelaferi mravalmxrivaa naCvenebi Cvens samecniero literaturaSi (k. kekeliZe, i. javaxiSvili, l. menabde). yuradRebas mivaqcevT sxva aspeqts. es didi istoriuli Sinaarsis Semcveli epizodi aris nawili saqarTvelos klasikuri warsulisa. klasikur warsuls Cven vuwodebT erovnuli istoriidan gamorCeul movlenebsa Tu pirovnebebs, romlebic gansaz- Rvraven eris raobas, mis saxes. klasikuri warsulis saerTo suraTis daxvewa saukuneTa manZilze xdeba. TandaTanobiT dgindeba, Tu ra unda ganekuTvnebodes mas. cxadia, hagiografiuli mwerlobis idealebs mTlianad waruval faseulobad Tvlian. magram es exeba aRmsareblobiTi Sinaarsis mqone movlenebs. skliarosis winaaRmdeg brZolis mniSvneloba ki swored erovnuli TvalsazrisiT ganusazRvravT. qarTvelTa klasikuri warsulis saerTo suraTi pirvelad Camoayaliba anton bagrationma Tavis `wyobilsityvaobaSi~. igi emyareboda kulturul-religiur koncefcias. iveronelebs aq jerovani yuradReba eTmoba. Semdgom cdas erovnuli klasikuri warsulis saerTo suraTis Seqmnisa warmoadgens grigol orbelianis `sadRegrZelo~. gaocebas iwvevs, rom `sadRegrZeloSi~ gandidebul gmirTa Soris ar gvxvdeba Tornike erisTavi, romelmac bizantiis dammarcxebeli barda skliarosi daamarcxa da romlis wyalobiT daaarsa iveroni da ganivrco qveyana. `sadRegrZeloSi~ mocemuli klasikuri warsuli mowodebulia saerTo kulturul-istoriuli TvalTaxedviT. metadre mas marTebda Tornikes RvawlTa aRwera. aRniSnuli xarvezis amovsebaa akaki wereTlis `Tornike erisTavi~. meore epizodi Tornikes saomar ambavTa Txrobis Taobaze uCveulo fsiqologizmis Semcvelia. hagiografias aqvs Tavisi fsiqologizmi, umeteswilad sasoebis, mitevebis, daTmenis Tu sxva gancdebis Semcveli. magram TornikesTan dakavSirebuli erTi faqti araa Cveulebrivi ram. Tornikes ver moexerxebina `nebisa Tvisisa gankveTa~ da amas TviTonve grZnobda da wuxda. mis survilebSi mxolod sikeTe Canda. did mxedarTmTavars Tavisi Tavi ver daemorCilebina. igi xom `wyobaTa Sina aRzrdil iyo da salaSqroTa saqmeTa~. roca omidan dabrunda, monasterSi salaSqro ambebs yveboda xolme, es ki yovlad miu- Rebeli iyo. ioane didxans aras eubneboda. ar surda wyenineba. magram ioanesTan kvaldakval mihqondaT mis mier monaTxrobi ambebi da ukve moTmenac SeuZlebeli gamxdara. maSin ioanes gadauwyvetia TavdaWera Seekadrebina TornikesaTvis. Tanac grZnobda, rom Tornike Txrobas iolad ver daiSlida, amitom mTliani akrZalva uSedego iqneboda da uTxovnia, rom sxvasTan rogorme Tavi Seekavebina, da, Tu maincdama inc mogonebani moeZaleboda, gabriel xucesisaTvis eambna. avtori Tanac saWirod Tvlis SeniSnos: `xucesi igi eseviTari kaci iyo, romelsa pirsa missa msoflioÁ sityuai ara gamovidodao~ (T. VII).qarTuli klasikuri warsulis nawilad unda CaiTvalos cnobili epizodic: ioanes gadawyvetileba `spaniad~ ganmgzavrebisa, radgan espaneTis iberebTan kavSiri Cveni istoriis mniSvnelovan Taviseburebebs qmnis. dRevandel mecnierebaSic yuradReba eqceva qarTvelebis kavSirs `dasavleTis iberebTan~, romelTa STamomavlebadac miCneulia baskebi. `ioanesa da eqvTimes cxovrebaSi~ naTqvamia: `Semdgomad Tornikis micvalebisa ganizraxa netarman mamaman Cuenman ioane, raÁTa aRiRos Ze Tvisi da ravdennime mowafeni 142

da ivltodes spaniad (rameTu pirveliTganve unda SuRlianobaÁ da SfoTi, garna Tavs edva mun Jamamde Tornikis aSenebisaTvis da raÁTa SeiZinos suli misi), rameTi asmioda, viTarmed qarTvelni aramciredni naTesavni da erni mkvidr arian mun~ (T. IX). misulan avidosSi (mcire aziis dasavleTiT saporto qalaqSi). espaneTs aqedan midiodnen gemebi. avidosis gamgebeli ioanes megobari yofila. mas mefeTa gareSe ver gaubedavs ioanes gaSveba da konstantinopols gaumgzavrebia. aq ki didi TxovniT yvelani iverons miubrunebiaT. esaa pirveli da erTaderTi moxsenieba uZveles qarTul prozaSi espaneTis iberebisa, anu qarTvelebisa, rogorc mas Zveli qarTuli wyaroebi uwodebs. marTalia, es mizandasaxuloba ar ganxorcielebula, magram mniSvnelovania isic, rom aseTi kavSiris survili arsebobda. aleqsandre janeliZis sityviT, ioane `gaudga gzas ukeTesi samSoblos saZebradao~. iveronelebi im dros, etyoba, interesdebodnen xalxTa genealogiis sakiTxebiT, risi gamoxatulebacaa `xalxTa modgmis wignis~ nawilebis qarTulad gadmoReba. aq TviT `keltiberebic~ ase iwodebian – `qarTvelni dasavlisani~. aseT axloblobas xedavdnen dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis iberTa Soris. nawarmoebidan Cans, xan sruliad aSkarad, xan Tundac qveteqstSi sagulveblad, rom giorgi aTonelis winaSe dgas sakiTxi – rani varT? es kiTxva sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT warmodgeba. ai, kidev erTi miniSneba am rigis sakiTxebiT dainteresebisa. giorgi aToneli wers: `Cuen, viTarca xedavT, zRvisa raiTurTiT gamocdilebai arai guaqvs da Cueni yoveli gasaromeli zRviT Semovalso~ (T. VII). es erovnul naklad miaCnia giorgi aTonels, Tanac amas iseT konteqstSi ambobs, romelic gviCvenebs, rom amiTac iyo gamowveuli berZenTa momravleba iveronSi da aqedan gamomdinare savalalo Sedegebi, ber- ZenTa mier iveronis miTviseba. giorgi aToneli ar faravs, rom qarTvelTaTvis didi sikeTis gverdiT damaxasiaTebelia erTmaneTis gautanloba, SuRli, Ralati saerTo-saqveyno saqmisa, Tumca igi zogaderovnul naklad ar aformulirebs, msgavsad daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosisa, romelic aRniSnavs: `naTesavi qarTvelTa orgul-buneba ars pirveliTgan Tvis- Ta ufalTa, rameTu raJams gamdidrdnen, gansuqden, mSvidoba povon da gansueneba, iwyeben ganzraxvad borotisa, viTarca mogviTxrobs Zveli matiane qarTlisaÁ~. istorikosi saero cxovrebas exeba, giorgi aToneli ki sasulieros da aqac SuRli da gautanlobaa. marTlacda, did safiqrals aRuZravda yvelas qarTvelTa urTierTSuRli. roca iveroni ukve damkvidrda rogorc axali savane, roca gamoikveTa misi mravalmxrivi mizandasaxulobani, roca ioanes, viTarca yovelive amis Tavkacs, ufleba hqonda didi kmayofileba egrZno, moxda ise, rom ioane iZulebuli Seiqna mietovebina iqauroba, xeli aeRo yvelaferze. Zalze sagulixmoa, rom saqarTveloSiac ver modis da espaneTis `qarTvelebTan” wasvlas apirebs. erovnuli naklovanebebiTaa axsnili isic, rom ivironis arsebobas safrTxe Seqmnia. es berZenTa simdabliT momxdara, magram aranaklebi brali qarTvelebsac miuZRodaT. eqvTimem rom winamZRvroba datova, ivironis xelmZRvaneli gamxdara giorgi. mas imTaviTve Seucvlia eqvTimes mier dafuZnebuli wes-gangebani (swored amiT aixsneba is, rom giorgi aToneli metad dawvrilebiT gadmoscems eqvTimes mier damkvidrebul wesebs). qarTvelTagan iSviaTi rodi iyo isic, rac giorgi winamZRvarma Caidina: qarTvelebi daamdabla da berZnebi Seiyvara da moamravla. giorgi aToneli amis axsnasac erovnul fsiqologiaSi eZebs da daaskvnis: `adre SeviryeviTo da mimosluasa moswrafed SevudgebiTo da amiT mizeziTa friad vavnebT TvisTaca sulTa da adgilsaca~ (T. XXIV). yovelive amis Semdeg daiwera is cnobili Zeglisdeba, romelic nawarmoebs erTvis bolos. literaturul-esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT, mwerlobis Seswavlis mizania warsul- 143

Tornike ambobda: `me CemTa codvaTaTvis Sevimose saxe ese... sworad sikudilisa<br />

mZime ars ese saqme Cem zeda~. (T. 5). gaugzavnes vedrebis wignebi daviT kurapalats.<br />

`kurapalatsa winaSe moiwia Tornik~. kurapalatma `friad ganixara~. `spasalarad<br />

Tornik ganaCines~: man `aota skliarosi da vidre sparseTamde meot wariqcia~. `ukuniqca<br />

da moikiTxa kurapalati~. Semdeg mefeebs Sexvda da `kualad mTawmidasve moiqca<br />

lavrad didisa aTanasessa~.<br />

`maSin miscnes mefeTa zemoni queyanani saberZneTisani kurapalatsa~ (T. VI).<br />

es sayovelTaod cnobili ambebi mowodebulia rogorc nawarmoebis erT-erTi centraluri<br />

epizodi. igi mniSvnelovania bizantiisa da saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis,<br />

TviT iveronisaTvis. faqtobrivad, am ambebma gansazRvra sabolood iveronis daarseba.<br />

es yvelaferi mravalmxrivaa naCvenebi Cvens samecniero literaturaSi (k. kekeliZe,<br />

i. javaxiSvili, l. menabde).<br />

yuradRebas mivaqcevT sxva aspeqts. es didi istoriuli Sinaarsis Semcveli epizodi<br />

aris nawili saqarTvelos klasikuri warsulisa. klasikur warsuls Cven vuwodebT<br />

erovnuli istoriidan gamorCeul movlenebsa Tu pirovnebebs, romlebic gansaz-<br />

Rvraven eris raobas, mis saxes. klasikuri warsulis saerTo suraTis daxvewa saukuneTa<br />

manZilze xdeba. TandaTanobiT dgindeba, Tu ra unda ganekuTvnebodes mas. cxadia,<br />

hagiografiuli mwerlobis idealebs mTlianad waruval faseulobad Tvlian. magram<br />

es exeba aRmsareblobiTi Sinaarsis mqone movlenebs. skliarosis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZolis mniSvneloba ki swored erovnuli TvalsazrisiT ganusazRvravT.<br />

qarTvelTa klasikuri warsulis saerTo suraTi pirvelad Camoayaliba anton bagrationma<br />

Tavis `wyobilsityvaobaSi~. igi emyareboda kulturul-religiur koncefcias.<br />

iveronelebs aq jerovani yuradReba eTmoba.<br />

Semdgom cdas erovnuli klasikuri warsulis saerTo suraTis Seqmnisa warmoadgens<br />

grigol orbelianis `sadRegrZelo~. gaocebas iwvevs, rom `sadRegrZeloSi~<br />

gandidebul gmirTa Soris ar gvxvdeba Tornike erisTavi, romelmac bizantiis dammarcxebeli<br />

barda skliarosi daamarcxa da romlis wyalobiT daaarsa iveroni da ganivrco<br />

qveyana. `sadRegrZeloSi~ mocemuli klasikuri warsuli mowodebulia saerTo<br />

kulturul-istoriuli TvalTaxedviT. metadre mas marTebda Tornikes RvawlTa aRwera.<br />

aRniSnuli xarvezis amovsebaa akaki wereTlis `Tornike erisTavi~.<br />

meore epizodi Tornikes saomar ambavTa Txrobis Taobaze uCveulo fsiqologizmis<br />

Semcvelia. hagiografias aqvs Tavisi fsiqologizmi, umeteswilad sasoebis, mitevebis,<br />

daTmenis Tu sxva gancdebis Semcveli. magram TornikesTan dakavSirebuli erTi<br />

faqti araa Cveulebrivi ram.<br />

Tornikes ver moexerxebina `nebisa Tvisisa gankveTa~ da amas TviTonve grZnobda<br />

da wuxda. mis survilebSi mxolod sikeTe Canda. did mxedarTmTavars Tavisi Tavi ver<br />

daemorCilebina. igi xom `wyobaTa Sina aRzrdil iyo da salaSqroTa saqmeTa~. roca<br />

omidan dabrunda, monasterSi salaSqro ambebs yveboda xolme, es ki yovlad miu-<br />

Rebeli iyo. ioane didxans aras eubneboda. ar surda wyenineba. magram ioanesTan<br />

kvaldakval mihqondaT mis mier monaTxrobi ambebi da ukve moTmenac SeuZlebeli gamxdara.<br />

maSin ioanes gadauwyvetia TavdaWera Seekadrebina TornikesaTvis. Tanac grZnobda,<br />

rom Tornike Txrobas iolad ver daiSlida, amitom mTliani akrZalva uSedego<br />

iqneboda da uTxovnia, rom sxvasTan rogorme Tavi Seekavebina, da, Tu maincdama<br />

inc mogonebani moeZaleboda, gabriel xucesisaTvis eambna.<br />

avtori Tanac saWirod Tvlis SeniSnos: `xucesi igi eseviTari kaci iyo, romelsa<br />

pirsa missa msoflioÁ sityuai ara gamovidodao~ (T. VII).qarTuli klasikuri warsulis<br />

nawilad unda CaiTvalos cnobili epizodic: ioanes gadawyvetileba `spaniad~<br />

ganmgzavrebisa, radgan espaneTis iberebTan kavSiri Cveni istoriis mniSvnelovan Taviseburebebs<br />

qmnis. dRevandel mecnierebaSic yuradReba eqceva qarTvelebis kavSirs<br />

`dasavleTis iberebTan~, romelTa STamomavlebadac miCneulia baskebi.<br />

`ioanesa da eqvTimes cxovrebaSi~ naTqvamia: `Semdgomad Tornikis micvalebisa ganizraxa<br />

netarman mamaman Cuenman ioane, raÁTa aRiRos Ze Tvisi da ravdennime mowafeni<br />

142

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