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tesa da beatriCes pirispir dgoma maradiuli naTlis winaSe (Sdr. nestanis sityvebi: `dRisiT da RamiT vxedvide mzisa elvaTa krTomasa~). maSasadame, yvelgan igulisxmeba maradiuli naTlis maradiuli xilva. giorgi aTonelis warmodgeniT, wmindanebi naTliT aRvsilni arian (`winaSe mis brwyinven maradis~). giorgi aTonelis saxismetyvelebaSi xSirad iCens Tavs naTlis esTetika, romelic saerTod ganmsazRvrelia qar- Tuli esTetikis specifikisa. didad gazrdilia mwerlobis Rirsebis Segneba giorgi aTonelTan. igi wers: `romelTa-igi iRuawes da aRwernes cxorebani maTni da Ruawlni da Sromani, keTilad xsenebul arian~ (T. I). hagiografiis erT-erTi umTavresi esTetikuri principia gamonagonis uaryofa. SuasaukuneebisaTvis am princips fundamentaluri wanamZRvrebi hqonda. igi gulisxmobda idealuris gamovlenas realurobaSi. mwerlis roli mxolod is iyo, rom amgvari faqtisaTvis adgili mieCnia dro-sivrcul ganzomilebaSi. yovelive amas gulisxmobda giorgi aToneli, roca werda: `Cven TaviT TvisiT araraÁ aRgviweriao~ da es ioane damaskelis TiTqmis pirdapiri ganmeorebaa (`me CemiT arafers vityvio~). mwerloba wesis aRsrulebaa. igi movaleobaa, RvTaebrivic da kacobrivic, ufro kacobrivi, radganac `winaSe RmrTisa yovelive cxad ars da saCino~ (`ara jer-viCineT mouxseneblad datoebaÁ cxorebisa maTisaÁ da mamaTaca CemTa sulierTa mibrZanes amisi xel-yofa~. T. I). `raodenime movixsenoT da sxuai-igi davacadoT, raÁTa ara friadi simravle werilisa iqmnas da sawyino viqmnneT mkiTxvelTa da msmenelTa~, (T. I) – wers g. aToneli. esec zogadesTetikur principebs ganekuTvneba. aseTia mokled Teoriul sakiTxTa is sfero, romelsac `ioanesa da eqvTimes cxovreba~ eyrdnoba. `caTa mobaZavni~ `aRmarTnes eklesiani caTa mobaZavni~, _ asea mowodebuli Tavdapirvelad iveronis daarseba giorgi aTonelis mier. im dros yovelgvar Sedarebas sruliad konkretuli Sinaarsi hqonda, romelic garkveul moZRvrebas emyareboda. amis mixedviT, eklesia unda warmovidginoT rogorc cebis wyeba. es `cebi” iwyeba eklesiis kedlebis dablidan da maRldeba gumbaTamde. freskebi kedlebze ganlagebulia amisdakvalad. sxvadasxva eklesia sxvadasxva simaRlis cas ganasaxovnebda, mas `hbaZavda~. mTeli iveroni caTa sistemas emsgavseboda. caTa ierarqiis warmodgena xdeboda maTze wmindanTa ganawilebisaTvis. igulisxmeba, rom iveronelebi TavianTi RvawliT miiswrafodnen siwmindis caTaken (aseTi sul 7 caa). nawarmoebSi miniSnebiT Cans me-8 cac, sadac xdeba pirispir dgoma wmindanTa sulebisa RvTaebis winaSe. zemoaRniSnuli gamoTqma – `caTa mobaZvani~ Zalze gavrcelebuli iyo. erT nawarmoebSi beTlemze naTqvamia: dRes beTlemi `zecisa mobaZav iqmna, varskvlavTa wil angelozni maqebelad hqonan, mzisa wil mzeÁ igi simarTlisaÁ~. originaloba imdroindeli xelovnebis mizani ar iyo, radgan, pol valeris kvalobaze Tu vityviT, arsebobs originalobaze mniSvnelovani ram da esaa universaloba. taZrebi, freskebi da hagiografiuli Txzulebani originaluria mxolod Tavisi konkretuli SinaarsiT da amasTan didad mniSvnelovani principebia dakavSirebuli. umTavresia sulierebis xorcSesxma. am mizniT, nawarmoebis dasawyisSi warmoidgineba `caTa mobaZvani~ taZarni, sadac damkvidrdebian ioane da eqvTime. iveronis daarsebis ambebi konkretulad qvemoTaa moTxrobili, magram dasawyisSi misi saerTo saxe asea warmodgenili: `lavraÁ ese didebuli da yovliTa Suenierebi- Ta Semkuli da yovliTa samkauliTa gaSuenebuli, romeli-ese mravliTa SromiTa da ofliTa aRaSenes maT netarTa gansasueneblad sulTa mravalTa, romelsac Sina aRhmarTes eklesiani caTa mobaZavni da aRavsnen igini wignTa mier RmrTiv-sulierTa da ganabrwyinvnes igini xatTa mier patiosanTa~. aseT daxasiaTebaSi lavris aRmsareb- 140

lobiTi raobis gverdiT, aranaklebadaa warmoCenili misi mSveniereba, misi kulturul-saganmanaTleblo mxare. eqvTimes saxis idealizebac xdeba ZiriTadad misi kulturul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobiT, misi mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobiT. es sruliadac ar niSnavs, rom imdroindel nawarmoebSi aRmsareblobiTi Rvawli araa umTavresi. saqme isaa, Tu rogor erwymis erTi meores, rogor iTavseben isini erTmaneTs da raoden farTovdeba idealizebis formebi. Tavdapirveli eklesia ioane maxareblis saxelze auSenebiaT `udabnosa Sueniersa~. ioane maxarebeli unda CaTvliliyo ioane aTonelis mfarvelad (saxelTa Tanxvedrac SemTxveviTi ar iyo xolme). amitom simbolurad, ioane aTonelSi ioane maxareblis saxe SeiZleboda amoekiTxaT. ioanes saero cxovreba nawarmoebSi TiTqmis ara Cans. Cans mxolod mcire ram. `ese netari mamaÁ Cueni iovane iyo naTesaviT qarTveli, mSobelTa da papaTaiTgan didebuli da warCinebuli da saCinoÁ mTavarTa Soris daviT kurapalatisaTa, mxne da axovani da ganTqmuli wyobaTa Sina, maRali da Suenieri hasakiTa... da gulis-xmis yofiTa~ (T. II). iqve avtori dasZens: ioane iyoo `friad sayvareli da sakuTari keTilad xsenebulisa daviT kurapalatisao~. Txroba ase grZeldeba: datovao `meuRle da Svilni Tvisni da naTesavni~ da `aRi- Ro juari mxarTa TvisTa zedao~ (T. II); amis mere – oTxTa eklesia, ulumbos mTa da Semdeg aToni, aTanases lavra. Semdeg – iveronis daarseba; es aRiwereba aseTi kiTxvis fonze – rani varT? pasuxi aseTia: `kacni varT saxelovanni da qarTvelni mogvmarTebeno~ (T.VII) da amitom gadawyvites monastris daarsebao. hagiografiaSi bevri ramaa iseTi, rac ara Cans, magram igulisxmeba da mis mier aixsneba movlenaTa mTeli arsi. magaliTad, yovelgvari Semoqmedeba sibrZnis ZaliT xdeba. `igavTa~ wignSi weria: `sibrZneman iSena Tavisa Tvisisa saxli, da queSE Seudga mas Svidni suetni~ (9, 11). `sibrZne gamosavalTa zeda iqebin~ (Sdr. g. merCule, Tavi I). esaa RvTaebrivi sibrZne. giorgi aTonelis nawarmoebSi Tornikes saxes bevri saidumloeba axlavs. igi `Tvinier cnobisa mefeTaÁsa idumal mTawmidas movida~ (T. III). aTanase didi icnobdao Tornikes saqmeebs. es fraza bevr raimes Tavis adgils aniWebs. aTanase aTonis udidesi moRvawe iyo. misi savane did lavrad (`megiste lavra~) iwodeboda da yvelasaTvis sanimuSo iyo aTonze. misi cxovreba sulier ideals ganasaxovnebda. giorgi aToneli personaJebs warmoaCens ara erTiani gabmuli TxrobiT, aramed ramdenime sanimuSo epizodiT, mniSvnelovani, sailustracio faqtebiT. bevr sxva raimes igi uTqmelad tovebs. Tornikes Sesaxeb ori umTavresi epizodia: erTi, barda skliarosTan dakavSirebuli da meorec – TornikesaTvis samxedro ambebis moyolis akrZalva. pirveli epizodi sayovelTaod cnobilia, upirveles yovlisa, akaki wereTlis `Tornike erisTavis~ wyalobiT, romlis pirvelwyaro `ioanesa da eqvTimes cxovreba~ unda yofiliyo. `mas Jamsa iqmna gandgomilebaÁ skliarosisaÁ da xmeliT kerZo yoveli daipyra da mefeni da dedofali Sewyudeulad iyvnes qalaqsa Sina didiTa WiriTa da iwroebiTa~ (T. IV). bizantiis maSindel mdgomareobaze sul esaa naTqvami da amiTac sakmaod mkveTradaa naCvenebi Znelbedobani. Semdeg: sevastoforis xeliT gagzavnili werili da Tornikes mowveva samefo karze (nawyveti am werilidan bizantiis istoriis pirveladi wyaroebia, radgan isini motanili iqneboda ucvlelad. aseTi iyo g. aTonelis me- Todi). Semdegaa ioanes vedreba Tornikesadmi – ekisra berZen-qarTvelTa laSqris mTavarsardloba, razedac Tornike ar Tanxmdeboda. ioane ganumartavs Tornikes, rom amiT `didsa risxvasa movawevT Cuen zeda da monastersa amas zedao~ (T. IV). bolos Tornike daiTanxmes. igi gaemgzavra konstantinopolSi, samefo karze. `mefeni da dedofali zeaRudges, pativiT moikiTxes da gverdiT daisves~. (T. 5). dedofali vedrebiT `ferxTa Seuvrdes~. 141

lobiTi raobis gverdiT, aranaklebadaa warmoCenili misi mSveniereba, misi kulturul-saganmanaTleblo<br />

mxare. eqvTimes saxis idealizebac xdeba ZiriTadad misi kulturul-saganmanaTleblo<br />

saqmianobiT, misi mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobiT. es sruliadac<br />

ar niSnavs, rom imdroindel nawarmoebSi aRmsareblobiTi Rvawli araa umTavresi.<br />

saqme isaa, Tu rogor erwymis erTi meores, rogor iTavseben isini erTmaneTs da<br />

raoden farTovdeba idealizebis formebi.<br />

Tavdapirveli eklesia ioane maxareblis saxelze auSenebiaT `udabnosa Sueniersa~.<br />

ioane maxarebeli unda CaTvliliyo ioane aTonelis mfarvelad (saxelTa Tanxvedrac<br />

SemTxveviTi ar iyo xolme). amitom simbolurad, ioane aTonelSi ioane maxareblis<br />

saxe SeiZleboda amoekiTxaT.<br />

ioanes saero cxovreba nawarmoebSi TiTqmis ara Cans. Cans mxolod mcire ram.<br />

`ese netari mamaÁ Cueni iovane iyo naTesaviT qarTveli, mSobelTa da papaTaiTgan<br />

didebuli da warCinebuli da saCinoÁ mTavarTa Soris daviT kurapalatisaTa, mxne<br />

da axovani da ganTqmuli wyobaTa Sina, maRali da Suenieri hasakiTa... da gulis-xmis<br />

yofiTa~ (T. II). iqve avtori dasZens: ioane iyoo `friad sayvareli da sakuTari keTilad<br />

xsenebulisa daviT kurapalatisao~.<br />

Txroba ase grZeldeba: datovao `meuRle da Svilni Tvisni da naTesavni~ da `aRi-<br />

Ro juari mxarTa TvisTa zedao~ (T. II); amis mere – oTxTa eklesia, ulumbos mTa da<br />

Semdeg aToni, aTanases lavra.<br />

Semdeg – iveronis daarseba; es aRiwereba aseTi kiTxvis fonze – rani varT? pasuxi<br />

aseTia: `kacni varT saxelovanni da qarTvelni mogvmarTebeno~ (T.VII) da amitom gadawyvites<br />

monastris daarsebao.<br />

hagiografiaSi bevri ramaa iseTi, rac ara Cans, magram igulisxmeba da mis mier aixsneba<br />

movlenaTa mTeli arsi. magaliTad, yovelgvari Semoqmedeba sibrZnis ZaliT xdeba.<br />

`igavTa~ wignSi weria: `sibrZneman iSena Tavisa Tvisisa saxli, da queSE Seudga<br />

mas Svidni suetni~ (9, 11). `sibrZne gamosavalTa zeda iqebin~ (Sdr. g. merCule, Tavi I).<br />

esaa RvTaebrivi sibrZne.<br />

giorgi aTonelis nawarmoebSi Tornikes saxes bevri saidumloeba axlavs. igi<br />

`Tvinier cnobisa mefeTaÁsa idumal mTawmidas movida~ (T. III). aTanase didi icnobdao<br />

Tornikes saqmeebs. es fraza bevr raimes Tavis adgils aniWebs. aTanase aTonis udidesi<br />

moRvawe iyo. misi savane did lavrad (`megiste lavra~) iwodeboda da yvelasaTvis<br />

sanimuSo iyo aTonze. misi cxovreba sulier ideals ganasaxovnebda.<br />

giorgi aToneli personaJebs warmoaCens ara erTiani gabmuli TxrobiT, aramed<br />

ramdenime sanimuSo epizodiT, mniSvnelovani, sailustracio faqtebiT. bevr sxva raimes<br />

igi uTqmelad tovebs. Tornikes Sesaxeb ori umTavresi epizodia: erTi, barda<br />

skliarosTan dakavSirebuli da meorec – TornikesaTvis samxedro ambebis moyolis<br />

akrZalva.<br />

pirveli epizodi sayovelTaod cnobilia, upirveles yovlisa, akaki wereTlis `Tornike<br />

erisTavis~ wyalobiT, romlis pirvelwyaro `ioanesa da eqvTimes cxovreba~ unda<br />

yofiliyo.<br />

`mas Jamsa iqmna gandgomilebaÁ skliarosisaÁ da xmeliT kerZo yoveli daipyra da<br />

mefeni da dedofali Sewyudeulad iyvnes qalaqsa Sina didiTa WiriTa da iwroebiTa~<br />

(T. IV). bizantiis maSindel mdgomareobaze sul esaa naTqvami da amiTac sakmaod mkveTradaa<br />

naCvenebi Znelbedobani. Semdeg: sevastoforis xeliT gagzavnili werili da<br />

Tornikes mowveva samefo karze (nawyveti am werilidan bizantiis istoriis pirveladi<br />

wyaroebia, radgan isini motanili iqneboda ucvlelad. aseTi iyo g. aTonelis me-<br />

Todi). Semdegaa ioanes vedreba Tornikesadmi – ekisra berZen-qarTvelTa laSqris<br />

mTavarsardloba, razedac Tornike ar Tanxmdeboda. ioane ganumartavs Tornikes, rom<br />

amiT `didsa risxvasa movawevT Cuen zeda da monastersa amas zedao~ (T. IV). bolos<br />

Tornike daiTanxmes. igi gaemgzavra konstantinopolSi, samefo karze. `mefeni da dedofali<br />

zeaRudges, pativiT moikiTxes da gverdiT daisves~. (T. 5). dedofali vedrebiT<br />

`ferxTa Seuvrdes~.<br />

141

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