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mas kibesa winamZRurobisasa aRiyvanes da saydarsa wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa efTvimessa dasues. da sanTeli sasanTlesa zeda dadges~. magram arc winamZRvrobis pativi da uReli Seuwynarebia advilad giorgis, `aramed yovliTa ZaliTa TÂsiTa winaaRudgeboda, rameTu samgzis wil-ugdes orTa ZmaTaA sxuaTa Tana, viTarca iyo wesi monastrisai... da samgzisve mas xuda~. simdable-krZalvis impulss giorgi aTonelis pirovnebaSi erTxel kidev Seebr- Zoleba moZRvrisadmi morCilebis grZnoba. 9 wlis winamZRvrobis Semdeg giorgis, `vinaÁTgan ara eneba winamZRurobaÁ, aramed mosurne iyo Tavisa TÂsisa Tana myudroebiT yofasa da evltoda SfoTTa da amboxebaTa, amisaTvis farulad yovelTagan sivltolaÁ ixumia~ da Sav mTaze gaipara, Tavis moZRvars, giorgi Seyenebuls, gamoecxada. am ukanasknelisagan giorgi aToneli `didad ibrala~ (daituqsa) `datevebisaTÂs pirmetyuelTa cxoarTa... amis mizezisaTÂs brZanebiTa moZRurisa TÂsisaÁTa kualadaca mTawmidasve movida, da iZulebiTa yovelTa ZmaTaÁTa kualad Ãel-yo saqmesa winamZRurobisasa~. amgvarad, Tumc iZulebiT pativ-didebas jer simdable-krZalvis impulsma sZlia, magram bolos igic daiTrguna morCilebis grZnobiT. yoveldRiur yofiT sinamdvileSi `cxovrebaTa~ mTavari gmirisagan simdable-myudroebis saTnoebis niWi imaSi gamovlindeba, rom, magaliTad, serapion zarzmeli `tkbiliTa da daSniTa (morCili, mozave, Tanaxma, g. f.) ÃeliTa ixilveboda mdgomared xuroTa Tana saeklesioTa, rameTu iyo friad Semkul wesiTa xuroobisaTa~; grigol xanZTels `SromaÁ didad uyuarda~, monastris baR-venaxebSi `dRe da Rame Ãeli- Ta TÂsiTa iqmoda~; eqvTime aToneli `odesca raime saeroi saqme arn monastrisaÁ, TÂnier ucaloebisa Tanave gavidis gina Tu navisa gamozidvasa, gina Tu navi movidis xuarbliTa, gina Tu venaxTa asarvasa, gina Tu ajojvas, gina Tu sTulebasa~; Tumca eqvTime yvela saqmeSi kargad Caxeduli iyo, `garna didiTa simdabliTa TÂsiTa, TÂnier kiTxÂsa araras iqmoda~. pativmoyvareoba-simdablis dapirispireba `cxovrebaTa~ mTavari gmiris pirovneba- Si ufro mwvave, dramatul iers ar iRebs. sxva personaJis Sinagani cxovreba ki xSirad xdeba asparezi dapirispirebul sawyisTa mZafri Sejaxebisa. qedmaRloba-simdablis motivTa dramatul Sexlas gviTvaliswinebs `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~ is epizodi, zenons rom Seexeba. zenoni, mogviTxrobs merCule, samcxeli didi aznauri iyo, `RvTismsaxurebiT aRzrdili da siwmidiT iqceoda. da swadda monazonebaÁ...~ mSoblebi rom gardaicvalnen, mamuli da qoneba zenonsa da mis das dautoves. zenoni fiqrobda, rom `mamuli da deduli monagebi~ disTvis daenarCunebina, xolo TviTon Semonazvnebuliyo. `da viTar amas ganizraxvida zenon, daÁ igi misi eSmakisa ganmarjuebiTa SeacTuna vinme ukeTurman kacman da Rame yovel warvidis SavSeTs, xolo zenon, viTarca cna, SeiWura saWurveliTa martod da amÃedrda cxensa da devna-uyo. da viTar didi queyanai vlo, Tqua gulsa TÂssa, viTarmed: `var me Wabuk saxelovan da romelsa vsdev, friad Seuracx ars, daRacaTu vewio da movkla, sabrÃe ars sulisa CemisaÁ, da ukeTu cudad ukunviqce saxed Cemda, sircxÂl ars Cemda, aramed aRTqumaÁ monazonebisaÁ aw aRusrulo ufalsa~. da axovan iqmna netari ese, rameTu monagebTa datevebaÁ sisxlTa daTxevasa emsgavsebis. da daiwera juari ÂorcTa TÂsTa da waremarTa saRmrTosa mas gzasa~, grigols daemowafa. Cven winaSea fsiqologiurad sakmaod mZafri situacia. pativmoyvareobaSelaxuli didi aznauri `SeuWurva~, `amxedrda~, `devna-uyo~ dis Semacdenels, raTa Suri iZios, sastikad dasajos. `viTar didi queyanaÁ vlo~, ganrisxebam iklo, gonierebam imZlavra. zenoni Tavis Tavs esaubreba. am monologSi jer wodebrivi ampartavnoba xmianobs – maRali aristokrati (`Wabuk saxelovan~) var da mdabiosTan (`Seuracxi~) Sebma ar mekadrebao; mere zneobrivi motivi eRobeba gaafTrebis vnebas, _ rom movkla, suls waviwymedo; bolos Tavmoyvareobac warmoCndeba – uSedegod Sin dabruneba sircxviliao. es Sinagani Widili imiT mTavrdeba, rom Tavmdabloba – Tvinierebis grZnoba amarcxebs qedmaRloba-mrisxanebis vnebas, zenoni monasters miaSurebs. mwerali garkveviT ambobs, rom gmiri amaRlda miwierebaze: `axovan iqmna netari ese, rameTu mona- 102

gebTa datevebaÁ sisxlTa daTxevasa emsgavsebis~, ase rom, siamayesa da pativmoyvareobaze amaRlebas mowameobrivi tanjvis analogiurad saxavs hagiografi. kaci, romelic sulieri cxovrebisaTvis (berobisaTvis) emzadeboda, saRvTo samarTals amarjvebinebs siamaye-Surisgebis demonze. ra ganasxvavebs, ganmartavs qristianuli eTika, im adamians, romelic Seuracxyofs, imisagan, vinc, Seuracxyofili, imasve akeTebs, rac mas uyves. iyo bolo Seuracxmyofeli, araviTar SeRavaTs ar ganiWebs, mitevebis motivad ar gamodgeba: `dro da adgili ar ganasxvavebs imas, rac erTi da imave TvisebiTaa SeerTebuli~ (tertuliane). daZabul, vnebaTaRelviT damuxtul suraTs xatavs `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~ avtori, roca javaxeTis krebis ambavs mogviTxrobs. kreba mowveul iqna imis gamo, rom samcxis gamgebelma didma aznaurma mirianma `mZlavr samcxisa eriTa Ze TÂsi daadgina kaTalikozad Tana-dgomiTa da kurTxeviTa mcirediTa epikoposTaÁTa~. episkoposTa umravlesoba arsens, viTarca `mZlavrebiT dadgenils~, ar scnobda kaTolikosad. am Tvalsazriss krebaze yvelaze mtkiced gamoxatavda efrem mawyvereli. `xolo netarman grigol farulad mouwoda netarsa efrems da hrqua mas: `Svilo, pativsa magas wmidisa mRdelT-mTavrobisasa gafuceb, nu uSli sulierad Zmasa Sensa arsenis~. xolo man hrqua: `wmidao mamao, ver egebis ZmaTa CemTa episkoposTa cilobaÁ samarTlisaTÂs, da meca Semindve, rameTu ara var amieriTgan arsenis cxovari da araca igi Cemi mwyemsi~. aseT rTul situaciaSi, roca saqmis empiriul-faqtobrivi garemoebani efrems nebas ar aZlevs winaaRmdegoba (`cilobaÁ~) gauwios sulier Zmebs, igi eurCeba sulier mamas. xolo grigoli, viTarca moZRvari, simdable-morCilebis grZnobas mimarTavs, roca mowafes mkacrad (`mksinvared~) eubneba: `ukeTu amas iqm, efrem, me uvar myav, vi- Ta ara Seni moZRuari var~. xolo netari efrem sityuasa mas zeda sulierisa mamis da moZRurisasa atirda da hrqua: `ficxel ars brZanebaÁ ese, ganmkueTel ufroÁs maxÂilisa. Aaw nebaÁ Seni iyavn da nu nebaÁ Cemi, wmidao RmrTisao~. rogorc vxedavT, pativmoyvareoba-urCobis vneba efrem mawyverelis pirovnebaSi aq ise mZlavrad xmianobs, rom moZRvari iZulebulia, mis gasaneleblad simkacresa da ukidures Rones mimarTos. xolo imas, Tu ra daujda mowafes moZRvris nebas damorCileboda da Tavisi siamaye daeTrguna, merCulis maRali poeturi xelovnebis wyalobiT sruliad cxadad SevigrZnobT personaJis qceviTac (`efrem... atirda...~) da replikiTac: Seni sityvebi, moZRvaro, maxvilze ufro hkveTs da ararad aqcevs Cems nebas... miwieri moZRvris zemoqmedebiT aq efremi uzenaesi moZRvris xats imosavs, RvTisagan momaval sxivs, pirvelcodviT gawyvetils, aRadgens Tavis TavSi. efremis sulieri mzera aq pirdapir ebjineba gankacebuli RmerTis RaRadiss: `rameTu gardamovxed zeciT, ara raÁTa vyo nebaÁ Cemi, aramed nebaÁ momavlineblisa Cemisa mamisaÁ~ (ioane, 6. 38; maTe, 26. 39). magram am sulier simaRlemde ragvari ZalisxmeviT, ra tkiviliT miikvlevs gzas efremi, es fsiqologiuri simarTliT aRbeWdil scenaSi sacnaurdeba CvenTvis. sacnaurdeba grigolisTvisac. igi kargad grZnobs, rom morCilebis gamomxatvel sityvebSi mowafisa pirovnuli nebis aRkveTiT gamowveuli simZimilia Cagubebuli. amitom amSvidebs aseTi rudunebiT, mSobliseuli Tanalmobis grZnobiT moZRvari atirebul mowafes: `efrem sanatrelo, gisminen qristeman, raÁca iTxoo misgan Sen, umankoo guliTa da wrfelo gonebiTa, mimsgavsebulo moZRuarsa Sensa qristesa...~ hagiografiuli Txzulebis mTavari gmiri, romelsac Tavad ukve daumarcxebia qedmaRlobis demoni, xSirad ai aseT Znel situaciaSi gaCndeba Tavisi mowafis gverdiT, simdable-morCilebis niWs aRviZebs masSi, pativmoyvareobis Tu urCobis vnebis daTrgunvaSi exmareba. qristianuli swavleba kategoriulad moiTxovs marTlmorwmunisagan, moZRvars mihyves, `rameTu igini iRviZeben sulTa TquenTaTvis~ (ebraelTa, 13. 17). ioane da eqvTime aTonelebis `cxovreba~, am TvalsazrisiT, ramdenime sagulisxmo epizods gviTvaliswinebs. erTgan moTxrobilia didi mxedarTmTavris, Tornikes aTonze mosvlisa da Semonazvnebis ambavi. man monasterSi didi ganZi moitana, `romeli-igi yovelive mamisa TÂsisa sulierisa iovanes ÃelT misca da Tavi TÂsi srulad 103

gebTa datevebaÁ sisxlTa daTxevasa emsgavsebis~, ase rom, siamayesa da pativmoyvareobaze<br />

amaRlebas mowameobrivi tanjvis analogiurad saxavs hagiografi. kaci, romelic<br />

sulieri cxovrebisaTvis (berobisaTvis) emzadeboda, saRvTo samarTals amarjvebinebs<br />

siamaye-Surisgebis demonze. ra ganasxvavebs, ganmartavs qristianuli eTika,<br />

im adamians, romelic Seuracxyofs, imisagan, vinc, Seuracxyofili, imasve akeTebs,<br />

rac mas uyves. iyo bolo Seuracxmyofeli, araviTar SeRavaTs ar ganiWebs, mitevebis<br />

motivad ar gamodgeba: `dro da adgili ar ganasxvavebs imas, rac erTi da imave TvisebiTaa<br />

SeerTebuli~ (tertuliane).<br />

daZabul, vnebaTaRelviT damuxtul suraTs xatavs `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~<br />

avtori, roca javaxeTis krebis ambavs mogviTxrobs. kreba mowveul iqna imis gamo,<br />

rom samcxis gamgebelma didma aznaurma mirianma `mZlavr samcxisa eriTa Ze TÂsi daadgina<br />

kaTalikozad Tana-dgomiTa da kurTxeviTa mcirediTa epikoposTaÁTa~. episkoposTa<br />

umravlesoba arsens, viTarca `mZlavrebiT dadgenils~, ar scnobda kaTolikosad.<br />

am Tvalsazriss krebaze yvelaze mtkiced gamoxatavda efrem mawyvereli. `xolo<br />

netarman grigol farulad mouwoda netarsa efrems da hrqua mas: `Svilo, pativsa magas<br />

wmidisa mRdelT-mTavrobisasa gafuceb, nu uSli sulierad Zmasa Sensa arsenis~.<br />

xolo man hrqua: `wmidao mamao, ver egebis ZmaTa CemTa episkoposTa cilobaÁ samarTlisaTÂs,<br />

da meca Semindve, rameTu ara var amieriTgan arsenis cxovari da araca igi<br />

Cemi mwyemsi~.<br />

aseT rTul situaciaSi, roca saqmis empiriul-faqtobrivi garemoebani efrems nebas<br />

ar aZlevs winaaRmdegoba (`cilobaÁ~) gauwios sulier Zmebs, igi eurCeba sulier<br />

mamas. xolo grigoli, viTarca moZRvari, simdable-morCilebis grZnobas mimarTavs,<br />

roca mowafes mkacrad (`mksinvared~) eubneba: `ukeTu amas iqm, efrem, me uvar myav, vi-<br />

Ta ara Seni moZRuari var~. xolo netari efrem sityuasa mas zeda sulierisa mamis<br />

da moZRurisasa atirda da hrqua: `ficxel ars brZanebaÁ ese, ganmkueTel ufroÁs maxÂilisa.<br />

Aaw nebaÁ Seni iyavn da nu nebaÁ Cemi, wmidao RmrTisao~. rogorc vxedavT, pativmoyvareoba-urCobis<br />

vneba efrem mawyverelis pirovnebaSi aq ise mZlavrad xmianobs,<br />

rom moZRvari iZulebulia, mis gasaneleblad simkacresa da ukidures Rones mimarTos.<br />

xolo imas, Tu ra daujda mowafes moZRvris nebas damorCileboda da Tavisi<br />

siamaye daeTrguna, merCulis maRali poeturi xelovnebis wyalobiT sruliad cxadad<br />

SevigrZnobT personaJis qceviTac (`efrem... atirda...~) da replikiTac: Seni sityvebi,<br />

moZRvaro, maxvilze ufro hkveTs da ararad aqcevs Cems nebas...<br />

miwieri moZRvris zemoqmedebiT aq efremi uzenaesi moZRvris xats imosavs, RvTisagan<br />

momaval sxivs, pirvelcodviT gawyvetils, aRadgens Tavis TavSi. efremis sulieri<br />

mzera aq pirdapir ebjineba gankacebuli RmerTis RaRadiss: `rameTu gardamovxed<br />

zeciT, ara raÁTa vyo nebaÁ Cemi, aramed nebaÁ momavlineblisa Cemisa mamisaÁ~ (ioane,<br />

6. 38; maTe, 26. 39). magram am sulier simaRlemde ragvari ZalisxmeviT, ra tkiviliT<br />

miikvlevs gzas efremi, es fsiqologiuri simarTliT aRbeWdil scenaSi sacnaurdeba<br />

CvenTvis. sacnaurdeba grigolisTvisac. igi kargad grZnobs, rom morCilebis gamomxatvel<br />

sityvebSi mowafisa pirovnuli nebis aRkveTiT gamowveuli simZimilia Cagubebuli.<br />

amitom amSvidebs aseTi rudunebiT, mSobliseuli Tanalmobis grZnobiT moZRvari<br />

atirebul mowafes: `efrem sanatrelo, gisminen qristeman, raÁca iTxoo misgan Sen,<br />

umankoo guliTa da wrfelo gonebiTa, mimsgavsebulo moZRuarsa Sensa qristesa...~<br />

hagiografiuli Txzulebis mTavari gmiri, romelsac Tavad ukve daumarcxebia qedmaRlobis<br />

demoni, xSirad ai aseT Znel situaciaSi gaCndeba Tavisi mowafis gverdiT,<br />

simdable-morCilebis niWs aRviZebs masSi, pativmoyvareobis Tu urCobis vnebis daTrgunvaSi<br />

exmareba. qristianuli swavleba kategoriulad moiTxovs marTlmorwmunisagan,<br />

moZRvars mihyves, `rameTu igini iRviZeben sulTa TquenTaTvis~ (ebraelTa, 13. 17).<br />

ioane da eqvTime aTonelebis `cxovreba~, am TvalsazrisiT, ramdenime sagulisxmo<br />

epizods gviTvaliswinebs. erTgan moTxrobilia didi mxedarTmTavris, Tornikes<br />

aTonze mosvlisa da Semonazvnebis ambavi. man monasterSi didi ganZi moitana, `romeli-igi<br />

yovelive mamisa TÂsisa sulierisa iovanes ÃelT misca da Tavi TÂsi srulad<br />

103

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