mravaleTnikuri saqarTvelo

ogor vicxovreT 

erTad XX saukuneSi 

saqarTveloSi

saswavlo masalebis krebuli momzadebulia proeqtis `tolerantobis mSenebloba 

saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT~ farglebSi, holandiis sagareo saqmeTa 

saministros centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis socialuri transformaciis 

programis (matra) dafinansebiT 

evroklio/matras proeqti 2008/2011 

rogor vicxovreT erTad XX saukuneSi saqarTveloSi 

29 samuSao furceli (gakveTili) istoriis interaqtiuli swavlebisaTvis 

koordinatorebi 

ioke van der leu-rurdi, evroklios _ istoriis pedagogTa evropuli asociaciis 

aRmasrulebeli direqtori, proeqtis mTavari menejeri 

stiven stigersi, blandin smilanski, patrik barkeri, evroklios _ istoriis pedagogTa 

evropuli asociaciis samdivnos wevrebi, proeqtis menejerebi 

nana cixisTavi, elene meZmariaSvili, profesorebi, istoriis maswavlebelTa 

saqarTvelos asociacia, proeqtis koordinatorebi 

proeqtis adgilobrivi eqspertebi 

Tea qarCava, erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris istoriis eqsperti 

levan axvlediani, erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris gazeT 

`dialogis~ proeqtis menejeri 

giorgi gaxelaZe, profesori, ilias universiteti 

saerTaSoriso eqspertebi 

rumiana kuSeva, mTavari eqsperti, profesori, informaciisa da praqtikos pedagogTa 

momzadebis departamentis direqtori, evroklio-s proeqtis èvropis dialogi, 

kulturis cisartyela momavlisaTvis~ koordinatori, bulgareTi 

robert maieri, doqtori, ufrosi mecnier-TanamSromeli, georg ekertis 

saxelmZRvaneloebis kvlevis saerTaSoriso instituti, braunSvaigi, germania 

eial navehi, profesori, israelis demokratiis institutis ufrosi mecnier- 

TanamSromeli, politikuri saganmanaTleblo proeqtis xelmZRvaneli, israeli 

viken Ceteriani, doqtori, programa CIMERA-s direqtori, Sveicaria 

elma hasimbegoviCi, humanitarul mecnierebaTa magistri, evroklio-s saresurso 

wignis `Cveulebrivi xalxi araCveulebriv qveyanaSi. yoveldRiuri cxovreba bosniahercogovinaSi, 

xorvatiasa da serbiaSi 1945-1990 wlebSi~ Tanaredaqtori, bosniahercogovina 

margaret gestsdotiri, islandiis universiteti, reikiavikis armulis kolejis 

istoriis pedagogi, evroklios yofili prezidenti da sabWos wevri, islandia 

din smarti, profesori, dasavleT inglisis universiteti, bristoli, evroklios 

yofili prezidenti, evroklios sabWos wevri, britaneTis istoriis maswavlebelTa 

saganmanaTleblo qselis (HTEN) mdivani da istoriis swavlis, swavlebisa da kvlevis 

saerTaSoriso Jurnalis saredaqcio kolegiis wevri, didi britaneTi 

Zintra liepina, pedagogi, istoriis swavlebis meTodisti, evroklios sabWos yofili 

wevri, istoriis pedagogTa latviis asociaciis wevri, latvia 

oliver raisneri, doqtori, adamianis uflebaTa programis menejeri, evrokomisiis 

delegacia saqarTveloSi, germania 

ineke veldhuis-meesteri, damoukidebeli konsultanti istoriis swavlebis 

meTodologiaSi, istoriis pedagogTa holandiis asociacia, niderlandebi 

fransuaz kompanie, doqtori, kulturis organizaciisa da menejmentis departamenti, 

sociologiis fakulteti, vriies universiteti, amsterdami, niderlandebi 

tomas Serloki, profesori, vest pointis samxedro akademia, amerikis SeerTebuli 

Statebi 

iulia kuSneriova, pedagogi, istoriis swavlebis meTodisti, evroklio/matras proeqtis 

`kulturebis mozaika~ Tanaavtori, istoriis maswavlebelTa moskovis asociacia, 

ruseTi 

irina kostiuki, pedagogi, istoriis swavlebis meTodisti, evroklio/matras proeqtis 

„axali droeba, axali istoria“ koordinatori, nova_doba, istoriis maswavlebelTa 

ukrainis asociacia, ukraina

saredaqcio kolegia 

rumiana kuSeva (mTavari redaqtori), elisabed CubiniSvili, nina zulumiani, manana 

SeyilaZe, evelina mamedova, oliver raisneri (konsultanti) 

avtorebi 

jgufi: multieTnikuri saqarTvelo 

nino Ciqovani (jgufis xelmZRvaneli), marlen Sengelia, zurab laoSvili (1), seda 

melkumiani (2; 3), nona WiRlaZe (4), elene bodaveli (5; 6), nana soloRaSvili (7), 

qeTevan qvliviZe (8), Sorena xecuriani (9) 

jgufi:Oojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba 

naira mamukelaSvili (jgufis xelmZRvaneli; 15; 16), nugzar molaSvili (10) 

nargiz nabieva, elura alieva (11), madona miqelaZe (12), nana agasaSvili (13), lamara 

margoSvili (14) 

jgufi:Omigracia 

cira CikvaiZe (jgufis xelmZRvaneli; 18; 22; 23), ia xubaSvili (17; 23), lela 

kakaSvili, oTar janeliZe (19; 20), amiran jamagiZe (21) 

jgufi:Oreligia 

beso lorTqifaniZe (jgufis xelmZRvaneli; Tanaavtori 24-28), naTia fircxalava 

(Tanaavtori 24-26), qeTevan sturua (Tanaavtori 27, 28), naTia namiWeiSvili, nugzar 

bardaveliZe (29) 

rukebi Seadgina manana SeyilaZem 

didi madloba niderlandebis samefos mTavrobas, matras programas proeqtis 

dafinansebisaTvis 

gamomcemlobis redaqtori _ naTela Tuxareli 

dizaini da kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa _ mavra bancuri 

istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociacia (imsa) 

krebuli ganTavsebulia imsa-s vebgverdze www.imsa.ge 

ISBN 978-9941-0-3633-0

Zvirfaso megobaro, 

am wignis daxmarebiT gaigeb, Tu rogor vicxovreT erTad XX saukuneSi Cvens 

samSobloSi _ saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva erovnebisa da religiuri mrwamsis 

adamianebma. es wigni dagafiqrebs kiTxvebze: ra gavlena iqonia wina saukunis 

mniSvnelovanma istoriulma movlenebma Cvens Tanacxovrebaze? ratom miiCnevdnen 

gansxvavebuli erovnebisa da rwmenis adamianebi Tavs Cveni qveynis sruluflebian 

moqalaqeebad an ra uSlida maT xels amaSi? rogor moaxerxes mcirericxovanma 

erebma da religiuri mimdinareobebis warmomadgenlebma TavianTi TviTmyofadobis 

SenarCuneba? ram Seuwyo an SeuSala amas xeli? ra roli iTamaSes maT saqarTvelos 

XX saukunis istoriaSi da a.S. 

amisaTvis gaecnobi sxvadasxva saxis wyaroebs, romlebic dajgufebulia oTxi didi 

Temis _ mravalerovani saqarTvelo, ojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba, migracia 

da religia _ mixedviT. es is Temebia, romelTa gacnoba Sen gverdiT mcxovreb 

sxvadasxva erovnebisa da rwmenis adamians ufro axlobels gaxdis. darwmundebi, 

rom erovnuli da religiuri mravalferovneba Cveni samSoblos simdidrea, rom 

mxolod mSvidobiani Tanacxovreba, urTierTgageba, erTmaneTis kulturis, adaT- 

Cvevebis, tradiciebisa da Rirebulebebis codna, urTierTpativiscema qveynis 

warmatebuli ganviTarebis sawindaria. 

yoveli gakveTili moicavs sakvanZo da ganmazogadebel kiTxvebs, sxvadasxva saxis 

wyarosa da mravalferovan davalebebs. sakvanZo kiTxva dagexmareba aRmoaCino 

gakveTilis mTavari idea, ganmazogadebeli ki _ am ideis irgvliv msjelobasa da 

daskvnebis gamotanaSi. wyaroebi ise aris SerCeuli, rom erTsa da imave sakiTxze 

zogjer gansxvavebul Sexedulebas gaecno. davalebebi sxvadasxva sakiTxisadmi 

sakuTari damokidebulebis CamoyalibebaSi dagexmareba. 

am wignis SeqmnaSi bevrma adamianma miiRo monawileoba. avtorebi sxvadasxva 

erovnebisa da mrwamsis warmomadgenlebi arian, magram yvelas erTi mizani 

amoZravebda. imedi gvaqvs, es wigni erTmaneTis, sxvadasxva erovnebis saqarTvelos 

moqalaqeebis ukeT gacnobaSi dagexmareba da urTierTpativiscemas gaswavlis.

ogor vicxovreT erTad 

XX saukuneSi saqarTveloSiY 

29 samuSao furceli (gakveTili) istoriis 

interaqtiuli swavlebisaTvis 

mravaleTnikuri saqarTvelo 

1. „Tbilisuri ezo“ ................................................................................................................6 

2. CavabareT Tu ara tolerantobis gamocda avbedobis Jams? .......10 

3. duxoborebi saqarTveloSi .....................................................................................14 

4. „kavkasiuri ezo“ sofel baraleTSi.............................................................16 

5. cxinvali 1990–iani wlebis dasawyisamde – 

erTianoba mravalferovnebaSi ........................................................................20 

6. ra moxda TbilisSi 1956 wlis 9 marts? ................................................24 

7. 1989 wlis 9 aprili ........................................................................................................26 

8. Tbilisis melpomena 

(XX saukunis Tbilisis Teatraluri cxovreba) .......................... 30 

9. edemis baRi „samxreTis cimbirSi“ .................................................................. 34 

ojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba 

10. Sereuli qorwinebebi saqarTveloSi XX saukunis 

meore naxevarSi ................................................................................................................. 38 

11. erTi quCa marneulSi ...................................................................................................42 

12. xalxTa `WianWvelebis bude“ CaqvSi ..............................................................46 

13. udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi ..................................................... 50 

14. qistebi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi ............................................................. 54 

15. espaneli bebiis istoria .......................................................................................... 58 

16. eTnokonfliqtebi da bavSvebi ............................................................................62

migracia 

17. `gayofili lukma~ ...........................................................................................................66 

18. mudmivad samSoblos ZiebaSi 

(mesxeTidan deportirebulebi) ..........................................................................70 

19. rusTavi – „ormoci Zmis“ qalaqi ..................................................................... 78 

20. àgorebuli qvebi~ (ekologiuri migrantebi saqarTveloSi) 84 

21. medlis ori mxare: qarTvelebi da osebi 

(XX saukunis 90-iani ww) ...........................................................................................90 

22. sami qalis dRiuri: 

baltiispirelebis bedi saqarTveloSi .....................................................94 

23. `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris?~: 1990-iani wlebis emigracia .....102 

religia 

24. kanoni da realoba .......................................................................................................106 

25. „uRmerTo“ saqarTvelo ............................................................................................108 

26. faruli locva ..................................................................................................................112 

27. TanamSromloba Tu Seuwynarebloba?! .......................................................116 

28. saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebisTvis ......................................................120 

29. kaTolikebi XX saukunis quTaisSi .............................................................124

6 


1. `Tbilisuri ezo~ 

a) 

sakvanZo kiTxva: ras niSnavs `Tbilisuri ezo~? 

wyaro 1. Tbilisis mosaxleobis erovnuli Semadgenloba 

1930-ian wlebSi Tbilisis mosaxleobis umetesobas warmoadgendnen qarTvelebi, 

somxebi da rusebi. danarCeni eTnikuri jgufebidan Tavisi raodenobiT gamoir- 

Ceodnen osebi, qurTebi, berZnebi, ebraelebi, azerbaijanelebi da ukrainelebi. 

,,Tbilisi~, ekonomikur-geografiuli gamokvleva, Tb., 1989, gv.128. 

wyaro 2. XX saukunis dasawyisis Tbilisuri saxli, ezo da quCa 

b)

wyaro 3. `Semosavliani saxlebis~ * mdebareoba TbilisSi XX saukunis dasawyisSi 

„შემოსავლიანი სახლების“ მდებარეობა თბილისში 

md. vere 

12 

kus tba 

პირობითი აღნიშვნები 

1... თბილისის უბნები 

„შემოსავლიანი 

სახლების“ 

მდებაჽეობა 

davaleba 1: 

lisis tba 

md. wavkisisxevi 

14 

11 

1. კჽანისი 

2. ოჽთაჭალა 

3. ხაჽფუხი 

4. აბანოთუბანი 

5. კალა 

6. სოლოლაკი 

7. კალოუბანი 

8. გაჽეთუბანი 

9. მთამინდა 

10. ვეჽე 

11. ვაკე 

12. ბაგები 

13. საბუჽთალო 

14. დელისი 

13 

9 

6 

10 

8 

26 

7 

5 

4 

3 

27 

28 

29 

1 

15 

2 

15. ვაშლიჯვაჽი 

16. დიღომი 

17. დიდი დიღომი 

18. ავჭალა 

19. გლდანი 

20. მუხიანი 

21. ავშნიანი 

23 24 

22 

22. ალექსანდეჽსდოჽფი 

23. დიდუბე 

24. ნაძალადევი 

25. ზღვისუბანი 

26. კუკია 

27. ჩუღუჽეთი 

28. ჽიყე 

16 

17 

1. moZebne rukaze Tbilisis is ubnebi, sadac e.w. ,,Semosavliani saxlebi~ arsebobda. 

2. ivaraude, ratom gaCnda aseTi saxlebi da ra istoriulma movlenebma Seuwyo 

amas xeli? 

* XIX saukunis meore naxevridan, Tbilisis swrafi zrdis gamo, gavrcelda ramdenimesarTuliani gasaqiravebel 

binebiani saxlebi, romlebsac Semosavlian saxlebs uwodebdnen. 

25 

md. mtkvari 

30 

29. ისანი 

30. ვაჽკეთილი 

31. საჯეიჽნო 

32. ნავთლუღი 

33. ლოჭინი 

34. ფონიჭალა 

32 

20 

34 

md. mtkvari 

Tbilisis zRva 

19 

18 

21 

33 

31 

7 

mravaleTnikuri saqarTvelo

8 


wyaro 4. ingliseli diplomati Tbilisis Sesaxeb 

…. . . iq cxovroben ara marto qarTvelebi, aramed rusebi, somxebi, sparse- 

lebi, TaTrebi, cota evropelebi, saxeldobr, germanelebi, frangebi da sxvani 

. . .…Tbilisi iseTi qalaqia, sadac adamianma SeiZleba icxovros ise, rom sevda 

ar stanjavdes . . .…… 

davaleba 2: 

ser jon oliver uordropi (1864-1948), ingliseli diplomati. 

ganmarte, wyaro 4-is mixedviT, ras SeiZleba niSnavdes uordropis gamonaTqvami 

Tbilisis Sesaxeb? 

wyaro 5. yoveldRiuri cxovreba Tbilisur ezoSi 

a) davibade da gavizarde veraze, wilkanis q. #7-Si (axlandeli RambaSiZis 

quCa). iq vcxovrobdi XX saukunis 30-iani wlebidan, 33 wlis ganmavlobaSi. 

es iyo lamazi, orsarTuliani saxli, sadac Svidi ojaxi cxovrobda. Cveni 

ezo gamoirCeoda mravalerovani mosaxleobiT. iq vcxovrobdiT qarTvelebi, 

polonelebi, rusebi, somxebi da azerbaijanelebi. erTmaneTTan imdenad kargi 

damokidebuleba gvqonda, rom davnaTesavdiT naTelmironobiT. Cveni ojaxebis 

saxlis kari arc ki iketeboda, mxolod quCis kars ketavdnen. erTxel, maxsovs 

skolidan davbrundi. Cemi ojaxis wevrebi Sin ar damxvdnen. Cvenma polonelma 

mezoblebma SemipatiJes da gamimaspinZldnen kidec. 

Tu romelime mezobels stumari Camouvidoda da Sin aravin daxvdeboda, aucileblad 

meore mezobeli SeipatiJebda xolme. diasaxlisebi erTad midiodnen 

bazarSi da saRamoobiT Cais svamdnen. Tumca iyo xolme uTanxmoebac, magram 

ZiriTadad yofiTi problemebis gamo. 

b) 

interviu Tbilisis mcxovrebTan izolda robaqiZesTan, 77 wlis, 

Caiwera S. xecurianma, 2009 wlis 26 seqtemberi. 

qurTebis qorwili

g) 20 weli vicxovre e.w. ,,Semosavlian saxlSi~, romelsac Cven italiur saxls 

veZaxdiT. aseT ezoSi davibade da Cemi bavSvobis megobrebic osebi, somxebi, 

ukrainelebi, qarTvelebi, berZnebi da azerbaijanelebi iyvnen. maxsovs Cveni papebi 

aRdgomas erTmaneTs saaRdgomo kvercxebis WaxuniT ulocavdnen. qalebic 

megobrobdnen, Tumca sarecxis gamo konfliqtic mosdiodaT (isini erTmaneTs 

ejibrebodnen, vis ufro qaTqaTa sarecxi eqneboda). mamakacebi nardis TamaSiTa 

da qeifiT irTobdnen Tavs, bavSvebi ki erTmaneTis enaze vsaubrobdiT. yoveldRiur 

cxovrebaSi SeviswavleT somxebma qarTuli, qarTvelebma somxuri, azerbaijanuli 

da ukrainuli enebi. 

Tbilisis mcxovrebis 48 wlis rita saakianis interviu. 

Caiwera S.xecurianma, 2009 wlis 26 seqtemberi. 

d) Cvens ezoSi ukve meramdene Taoba daibada XX saukunis dasawyisidan dRemde. 

erTad cxovrobdnen Cveni papebi, mamebi, Cemi Taoba da axla Cveni Svilebic. 

magram unda iTqvas, rom 1990-iani wlebidan mezoblebma masobrivad daiwyes 

saqarTvelodan wasvla. ebraeli israelSi wavida, rusi mezobeli qaliSvilebma 

waiyvanes ruseTSi, zogierTi somexi germaniaSi wavida. maTi gadinebis Ziri- 

Tadi mizezebi ekonomikuri da socialuri viTareba iyo. am mezoblebis binebi 

SemdgomSi afxazeTidan devnilebma iyides. 

Tbilisis mcxovrebis 53 wlis qeTevan gvinCiZis interviu. 

Caiwera S.xecurianma, 2009 wlis 26 seqtemberi. 

davaleba 3: 

1. daasaxele mravaleTnikuri mosaxleobis Tanacxovrebis dadebiTi mxareebi. 

2. monaxe wyaroSi 5 a, g, d fraza, romelic uordropis azrs adasturebs. 

3. ivaraude, ra roli iTamaSa msgavsi atmosferos SeqmnaSi `Semosavlianma 

saxlebma~? 

4. dawere vikipediisTvis mokle informacia `Tbilisur ezoebze~ da moamzade 

is vebgverdze dasadebad. 

5. gaiTamaSeT scena Tbilisuri ezos cxovrebidan. 

BB 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: raSi gamoixateba Tbilisuri ezoebis gansakuTrebuli 

koloriti? 

9 


10 


2. CavabareT Tu ara tolerantobis 

gamocda avbedobis Jams 

sakvanZo kiTxva: SeiZleba Tu ara eTnokonfliqtebis fonze keTilmezoblobis 

SenarCuneba? 

wyaro 1. 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisis konfliqtis Sedegebi cxinvalis 

SemogarenSi 

davaleba 1: 

a. konfliqtis zona, b. sofeli ergneTi, 

1993 wlis noemberi 1992 wlis aprili 

daakvirdi wyaro 1-s. eTnokonfliqtis ra Sedegebi Cans fotosuraTebze da, 

Seni azriT, ra darCa kadrs miRma? 

wyaro 2. oficialuri informacia ergneTis bazrobaze 

1996 wels amoqmedda èrgneTis bazroba~, sadac gaCaRebuli iyo kontraban- 

duli saqonliT vaWroba. igi swrafad iqca didi Semosavlis wyarod. savaraudod, 

am bazrobis gavliT, saqarTveloSi Semoedineboda da saqarTvelodan 

cxinvalis regionis gavliT ruseTSi gadioda miliard dolaramde Rirebulebis 

kontrabanduli saqoneli. ergneTis bazrobis meSveobiT danarCen saqarTveloSi 

narkotikebi da iaraRi vrceldeboda. 

gayinuli konfliqtebi, 1994-1999 wlebi. 

http://www.report.smr.gov.ge/chapter2.html

wyaro 3. ergneTis bazrobis adgilmdebareoba 

wyaro 4. ergneTis bazrobis 

satelituri 

suraTi (2001 w.) 

wyaro 5. ergneTis bazrobaze 

davaleba 2: 

a b 

avtori: zurab laoSvili 

1. gaaanalize wyaroebi 3, 4 da 5. riT axsni ergneTis bazrobis arsebobas? 

rogor axsni mis adgilmdebareobas? ratom SeiZleba miviCnioT ergneTis 

bazroba TavisTavad Seqmnil saxalxo bazrobad? 

2. aRwere wyaro 5 a da b. erTi SexedviT, ra STabeWdilebas tovebs gareSe damkvirvebelze 

es fotoebi? 

11 


12 


wyaro 6. ergneTis bazrobis movaWris mogonebebi 

2003 wels, bedis sacdelad, benzinmzidiT ufulod CavediT ergneTis bazrobaze. 

iq sruliad SemTxveviT SevxvdiT cxinvalel osebs, romlebmac benzini 

SemogvTavazes, Tanxas ki realizaciis Semdeg gadavixdidiT. daTqmul vadaSi 

fuli CavutaneT da ase avawyeT biznesi. male naTel-mironebic gavxdiT. 

interviu Tbilisel moqalaqe levan petriaSvilTan, 48 wlis, 

Cawera marlen Sengeliam, 2009 wlis 5 oqtomberi. 

wyaro 7. xelisufleba cxinvalis regionSi viTarebis gamwvavebis Sesaxeb 

2004 wlis agvistosTvis cxinvalis regionSi mdgomareoba ukiduresad gamwvavda. 

samarTaldamcavebma daiwyes qmediTi RonisZiebebis gatareba kontrabandis 

aRsakveTad. 

vardebis revoluciis Semdgomi periodis angariSi, 2008 wlis ianvari, 

http://diaspora.ge/files/faili/chapter4.html 

wyaro 8. ergneTis bazrobis teritoria 2004 wels 

davaleba 3: 

1. gansazRvre, wyaroebis 2-7 mixedviT, rogor afasebdnen ergneTis bazrobas 

saxelmwifo organoebi da sazogadoeba? 

2. Camoayalibe Seni sakuTari pozicia ergneTis bazrobis arsebobasTan dakav- 

SirebiT. 

wyaro 9. xelisufleba ergneTis bazrobis daxurvis Sedegebis Sesaxeb 

cxinvalis regionis konfliqtis zonaSi arsebuli ergneTis bazrobis daxurvam 

da kontrabanduli gzebis gadaketvam sabaJo Semosavlebi mkveTrad gazarda 

da sabaJo gegmebis Sesrulebam [2004w.-red.] ianvar-agvistoSi 107% Seadgina. 

cxin valis regionSi arsebuli kontrabanduli tvirTbrunvis gamo saqarTvelos 

120 milioni aSS dolaris zarali adgeboda yovelwliurad. 

`sivil jorjia~, 2004 wlis 2 seqtemberi

wyaro 10. damoukidebeli eqsperti ergneTis bazrobis mniSvnelobaze 

roca cxinvalSi ergneTis bazroba iyo, osuri mosaxleoba qarTuli mxarisken 

iyo gadmoxrili _ lari trialebda, nebismieri qarTveli gadadioda cxinvalis 

regionSi da iqidan ruseTSic midioda. qarTul-osur soflebs Soris 

iyo vaWroba, mimosvla, Sereuli qorwinebebi. ndoba iyo aRdgenili, cxinvalSi 

ukve qarTuli laparaki ismoda. perspeqtiva arsebobda. 

afxazeTis mimarTulebiTac saWiroa ergneTis bazrobis msgavsi ram, rom ra- 

RaciT davainteresoT. ra Tqma unda, ukanonoba, iaraRi da narkotikebi ar unda 

iyos, magram narkotikebis Semotanis gamo bazroba ar unda daiketos. 

eqsperti konfliqtologi paata zaqareiSvili. gazeTi `rezonansi~, 

2008 wlis 23 marti. 

wyaro 11. adgilobrivi mcxovrebi ergneTis bazrobis Sesaxeb 

mimaCnia, rom ergneTis bazrobis daxurva iyo danaSauli da ara Secdoma. 

ramdeni xalxi iyo dasaqmebuli? es aucilebeli iyo Cveni xalxis xelaxali 

urTierTobisa da damegobrebisaTvis. moSales im motiviT, rom korufcias vebrZviTo. 

korufcias ise unda ebrZolo, rom xalxi umuSevari datovo? 

interviu ergneTidan devnil Salva kasraZesTan, 82 wlis, 

Cawera zurab laoSvilma, 2008 wlis 25 agvisto. 

wyaro 12. qarTveli Jurnalistebi ergneTis bazrobis daxurvis Sedegebis 

Sesaxeb 

TiTqos Znelia imsjelo axla am Temaze, magram ergneTis bazrobis fenomeni 

qarTul-osuri pirdapiri urTierTobebisaTvis, TumcaRa cudi formebiT, 

magram uaRresad momgebiani iyo. imis magivrad, rom am urTierTobebisaTvis 

legitimuri xasiaTi miecaT, ergneTis bazrobis daketvam qarTul-osuri urTierTobebis 

wyveta gamoiwvia. 

davaleba 4 

ramaz abaiSvili, gazeTi `lanCxuTi~, 2009 wlis 24 ianvari. 

daiyaviT movaWreebisa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis jgufebad. 

a) gaaanalizeT wyaroebi 9-12 da CamoayalibeT jgufSi SeTanxmebuli mosazreba 

ergneTis bazrobis arsebobis an daxurvis mizanSewonilobis Sesaxeb. 

b) xelisuflebaSi rom iyo, ras moimoqmedebdi, saxelmwifos interesebidan 

gamomdinare? 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ramdenad SeiZleboda, rom ergneTis 

bazrobis msgavsi adgili yofiliyo konfliqtSi monawile mxareebis, 

erTdroulad, gamTiSveli da gamaerTianebeli? 

13 


14 


3. duxoborebi saqarTveloSi 

samcxe-javaxeTi, sofeli gorelovka 

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor SeZles duxoborebma * TviTmyofadobis 

Senar Cuneba XX saukunis saqarTveloSi? 

wyaro 1. saqarTveloSi duxoborebis dasaxlebis istoria. 

XVIII saukunis miwuruls mefis ruseTSi religiuri seqtebi idevneboda. miiCnevdnen, 

rom seqtis mimdevrebi, jarSi samsaxursa da gadasaxadebze uaris 

TqmiT, aryeven saxelmwifos safuZvels, ris gamoc maT warudgines ultimatumi: 

an mieRoT marTlmadidebloba, an CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi gadasaxlebuliyvnen. 

1839 -1845 wlebSi duxoborebi dasaxlebulebi iyvnen saqarTvelos or region- 

Si: samcxe-javaxeTsa da qvemo qarTlSi. aq maT garkveuli SeRavaTebi miiRes: 

gaTavisufldnen religiuri devnisagan, gadasaxadebisa da samxedro samsaxurisagan. 

javaxeTSi sul 495 ojaxi, 4097 duxoboris SemadgenlobiT, dasaxlda. 

XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi duxoborebi misdevdnen 

cxenebis moSenebas, mecxvareobas, yvelis warmoebas. duxoborebis meurneobebi 

saferxe da CorTiT mosiarule cxenebis msxvili mimwodeblebi gaxdnen. 

davaleba 1: 

ala beJenceva. duxoboris qveyana, gamomcemeli _ saerTaSoriso kulturul- 

saganmanaTleblo kavSiri `rusuli klubi“, Tbilisi, 2007, gv. 100, 

http://www.ecmicaucasus.org/upload/publications/working_paper_35_rus.pdf (rusul enaze). 

1. wyaro 1-is mixedviT: 

a) daasaxele samcxe-javaxeTSi duxoborebis gadasaxlebis mizezebi. 

b) CamoTvale duxo borebisaTvis tradiciuli meurneobis dargebi. gaixsene 

samcxe-javaxeTis geografiuli pirobebi da axseni, ratom misdevdnen isini, 

ZiriTadad, mesaqonleobas. 

wyaro 2. duxoborebi koleqtivizaciis wlebSi 

sabWoTa koleqtivizaciis procesSi, duxoborebisaTvis tradiciuli disciplinis 

wyalobiT, maTi kolmeurneobebi male yvelis mwarmoebel yvelaze 

momgebian meurneobebad gadaiqca. 

hedvig lomi, duxoborebi saqarTveloSi: miwis mflobelobis da eTnosTa Sorisi ur- 

TierTobebis sakiTxis kvleva ninowmindis raionSi. evropuli centri umciresobebis 

sa kiTxebSi, samuSao moxseneba 35, noemberi, 2006, gv. 5 (rusul enaze). 

davaleba 2: 

daasaxele, XX saukunis romeli wlebi igulisxmeba wyaroSi 2? 

* duxoborebi _ eTnikuri rusebi, romlebic cxovroben ruseTSi, kavkasiasa da kanadaSi. sityva 

„duxo bori“ niSnavs „sulisTvis mebrZols“. marTlmadidebluri seqta, romelic 1780-ian wlebSi warmoiSva. 

uars amboben religiur simbolikaSi eklesiaze, sasuliero pirebze. maTTvis RmerTi yvela adamianSia.

wyaro 3. duxoborebis skola sofel gorelovkaSi 

wyaro 4. duxoborebis religiuri tradiciebi 

davaleba 3: 

gorelovkaSi arsebuli rusuli 

skola aSenebulia cnobili rusi mwerlis 

lev nikolozis Ze tolstois 

SemowirulobiT. 

ala beJenceva, gasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 100. 

rodesac Cveni winaprebi gorelovkaSi damkvidrdnen, 

maT daaarses kalmikovebis saxli 

anu „obolTa TavSesafari“, sadac xanSiSesuli 

duxoborebi da oblebi cxovrodnen da sadac 

isini religiur ritualebs aRasrulebdnen. 

1930 wlidan daiwyo religiis devna, magram 

morwmuneebi farulad ikribebodnen sakvirao 

locvaze. Cveni sulieri tradiciis safuZvelia 

fsalmunebi da Tavis daxra. 

duxoborebis religiuri simboloebia: puri, 

ma rili da doqi wyliT, romlebsac fsalmunis 

kiTxvisas magidaze dgamen. 

interviu liubov deminovasTan, 53 wlis, Caiwera 

seda melkumianma, 2010 wlis 5 marti. 

1. gansazRvre, wyaroebis 1–4 mixedviT, ra iyo duxoborebis dasaxlebebSi 

yvelaze mniSvnelovani: meurneoba, ena, religia Tu kidev sxva? 

2. gaixsene da CamoTvale, XX saukunis mniSvnelovani politikuri movlenebi. 

Seicvala Tu ara duxoborebis cxovreba maT fonze? daasa buTe Seni mosazreba. 

15 


16 wyaro 5. duxoborebis gansaxleba saqarTveloSi XX saukunis bolos 


დუხობორების განსახლება საქართველოში 


სახელმიფო საზღვაჽი 

ჽაიონული საზღვაჽი 

ჽაიონული ენჽი 

დუხობოჽების სოფელი (დასახლება) 

ფჽჩხილებში მოემულია ძველი სახელოდებები 

ა ს პ ი ნ ძ ი ს რაი ო ნ ი 

თ უ რ ქ ე თ ი 

davaleba 4: 

ბორჯომის 

რაიონი 

ახალქალაქი 

ოჽლოვკა 

ამბოვკა 

ფაჽავნის ბა 

ნინოწმინდა 

(ბოგდანოვკა) 

სპასოვკა 

გოჽელოვკა 

ეფჽემოვკა 

ჽოდიონოვკა 

მადათაფის ბა 

სამება 

(ჽოიკოე) 

1. monaxe rukaze duxoborebis gansaxlebis adgilebi. daasaxele, gorelovkis 

garda, kidev sad cxovroben isini? 

wyaro 6. duxoborebis raodenoba saqarTveloSi 

14000 

12000 

10000 

8000 

6000 

4000 

2000 

0 

4097 

13000 

ალკის ყალსა. 

1841 1887 1928 1937 

წალკა 

დმანისი 

hedvig lomi, duxoborebi saqarTveloSi: miwis mflobelobis da eTnosTaSorisi 

urTierTobebis sakiTxebis kvleva ninowmindis raionSi, evropuli centri umciresobebis 

sakiTxebSi, samuSao moxseneba #35, noemberi, 2006 weli; ala beJenceva, qveyana 

duxoboria, gamomcemeli _ sarTaSoriso kulturul-saganmanaTleblo kavSiri „rusuli 

klubi“, Tbilisi, 2007 (rus.). 

ვაკე 

თ ე თ რ ი წ ყ ა როს რაიონი 

ს ო მ ხ ე თ ი 

5485 

3301 

ბ ო ლ ნ ი ს ი ს რ ა ი ო ნ ი

wyaro 7. duxobori mosaxleobis statistika ninowmindis raionSi 

1990-2010 ww 

weli 1990 1995 2000 2002 2006 2010 

gorelovka 1667 883 586 599 432 193 

orlovka 387 195 132 125 101 

spasovka 332 63 49 46 19 

efremovka 227 29 19 18 18 

sameba 327 13 10 10 8 

ninowminda 150 133 58 

rodionovka 300 7 5 

sul 3531 1316 796 816 767 193 

monacemebi mogvawodes adgilobrivi Temis wevrebma (avt.). saqarTvelos statistikis 

departaments ar gaaCnia calkeuli monacemebi erovnuli umcirobebebis Sesaxeb 

soflebSi, garda 2002 wlisa. 

davaleba 5: 

Camoayalibe wyaroebis 6 da 7 mixedviT, kiTxvebi, romlebic giCndeba statistikur 

monacemebSi asaxul tendenciebTan dakavSirebiT. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra uwyobda xels mcirericxovani eTnikuri 

da religiuri jgufebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas? 

17 


18 


4. „kavkasiuri ezo“ sofel baraleTSi 

sakvanZo kiTxva: ramdenad iyo sofeli baraleTi XX saukunis 

saqarTveloSi „kavkasiuri ezos“ magaliTi? 

wyaro 1. saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa uflebebis Sesaxeb 

muxli 38. saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi Tanaswori arian socialur, ekonomikur, 

kulturul da politikur cxovrebaSi, ganurCevlad maTi erovnuli, eTnikuri, 

religiuri Tu enobrivi kuTvnilebisa. saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod 

aRiarebuli principebisa da normebis Sesabamisad. maT ufleba aqvT Tavisuflad, 

yovelgvari diskriminaciisa da Carevis gareSe ganaviTaron TavianTi 

kultura, isargeblon dedaeniT pirad cxovrebaSi da sajarod”. 

davaleba 1: 

saqarTvelos konstitucia, 1995. 

1. xazi gausvi konstituciis muxlSi im sityvebs, romlebic miuTiTebs sxvadasxva 

eTnikuri jgufis Tanabar uflebebze saqarTveloSi. 

wyaro 2. sofel baraleTis mcxovrebi Tavisi soflis Sesaxeb 

_ mogviyeviT, rogori iyo soflis cxovreba Tqveni axalgazrdobis dros? 

_ baraleTi Zalian Zveli sofelia. es erT-erTi sofelia axalqalaqis 

raionSi Sereuli mosaxleobiT: aq odiTgan, gverdigverd cxovroben somxebi da 

qarTvelebi. sofeli Cveulebrivi cxovrebiT cxovrobda. soflis mcxovreblebi 

miwaTmoqmedebas misdevdnen. saxlebs, ZiriTadad, erTsarTulians – qvisgan 

aSenebdnen. wyali mdinareSi imdenad sufTa iyo, rom mas dasalevad iyenebdnen. 

mdinareze oTxi wisqvili iyo aSenebuli. 

_ soflis mcxovreblebi gansxvavdebodnen sarwmunoebiT? 

_ diax, magram es xels ar uSlida erTad cxovrebas. dabali saxlebis 

fonze amayad idga qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebi, rogorc mSvidobisa da 

siyvarulis, sikeTisa da keTilSobilebis garantia. eklesiebze dRemde SemorCa 

warwerebi qarTul da somxur enebze. mama barsegis da mama petres (xmalaZis) 

saflavis qvebi eklesiebTan am dromde inaxeba. 

_ albaT, sofeli gayofili iyo qarTul da somxur nawilebad? 

_ ara, qarTvelebi da somxebi gverdigverd cxovrobdnen da cxovroben. isini 

aRniSnaven Sobas da aRdgomas, xolo aRdgomidan me-40 dRes amaRlebas. 

_ bolo xans Tu Seicvala urTierTobebi sofelSi? 

_ qarTvelebsa da somxebs Soris? ara. veravin gaixsenebs erTaSoris konfliqtebs 

da daZabulobas. Cveni sofeli ori xalxis tradiciebisa da religiis 

urTierTpativiscemis cocxali magaliTia. 

interviu sofel baraleTis mcxovrebTan silva makarianTan, 55 wlis, 

Caiwera seda melkumianma, 2009 wlis 15 ivnisi.

davaleba 2: 

1. amowere interviudan is faqtebi, romlebic, Seni azriT, sofel baraleTSi 

qarTvelebisa da somxebis mSvidobian Tanacxovrebaze metyvelebs. 

2. airCie erTi fraza, romelic maT mSvidobian Tanaarsebobas axasiaTebs. 

3. ganixileT, Tqveni Sexedulebebis msgavseba da gansxvaveba. 

wyaro 3. baraleTis Zeglebi 

a) baraleTis somxuri eklesia, b) baraleTis qarTuli eklesia, g) baraleTis 

XIX s. samnaviani bazilika, XI s. qva-jvari 

davaleba 3: 

1. daakvirdi baraleTis somxuri da qarTuli eklesiebis fotosuraTebs. ra 

msgavsebas xedav maT Soris da riT SegiZlia amis axsna? 

2. ipove interviuSi informacia wyaros 3 g dasasaTaureblad. 

3. moawyeT diskusia: ra TamaSobs mTavar rols sxvadasxva eTnikuri da religiuri 

jgufebis mSvidobian TanacxovrebaSi – sakanonmdeblo garantiebi Tu 

xangrZlivi erToblivi cxovrebisas SeZenili gamocdileba? 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ras niS navs „kavkasiuri ezo“ da ratom miiCneven 

mas sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis ur TierT pativiscemis simbolod? 

19 


20 


5. cxinvali 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde 

_ erTianoba mravalferovnebaSi 

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen sxvadasxva erovnebis adamianebi 

cxinvalSi 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde? 

wyaro 1. cxinvalSi ebraelebis dasaxlebis Sesaxeb 

istorikosi zaqaria WiWinaZe (1853-1931) miuTiTebs, rom ,,cxinvalSi ebraelebi 

im droidan dasaxldnen, roca qarTlSi movidnen. ebraelebi Zveladgan cxinvals 

ufro vaWrobis mxriT mohkidebian. cxinvalSi qarTvel ebraelTa ricxvi didi iyo. 

mixeil cotniaSvili, cxinvalis istoriisaTvis, gamomcemloba ,,staliniri~ * , 

1961, gv. 92. 

wyaro 2. qarTul-osuri skolis istoria 

me-19 saukunis 80-ian wlebSi cxinvalis inteligenciam daiwyo Tanxis Segroveba 

skolis Senobis SesaZenad. saqvelmoqmedo saqmianobas saTaveSi Caudgnen 

efemia maCabeli da qeTevan Juruli. es Senoba ebraelebis ubanSi, sakolmeurneo 

bazarTan SeiZines. masSi orklasiani saswavlebeli gaixsna. swavlis survili 

asma moswavlem gamoTqva. klasebis naklebobis gamo 82 bavSvi miiRes. swavla 

1881 wels daiwyo. es Senoba SemdgomSi gaWirvebulTa sacxovrebel binebad 

gaunawilebiaT. pirveli msoflio omis damTavrebis Semdeg Senoba kvlav skolas 

daeTmo. erTxans qalTa qarTuli saSualo skola iyo, mere me-4 saSualo 

skola, romelic 1990 wlamde funqcionirebda. 

mixeil cotniaSvili, cxinvalis istoria, gamomcemloba ,,irisToni~, 

1986, gv. 157. 

wyaro 3. cxinvalis qarTul-osuri skolis Senoba 

* staliniri _ dRevandeli cxinvalis saxelwodeba 1934-1961 wlebSi.

wyaro 4. qarTul-osuri skolis pedagogebi 

wyaro 5. kulturuli cxovrebis Sesaxeb samxreT oseTis avtonomiur 

olqSi 1980-iani wlebis bolos 

a) olqSi aris sul 109 klubi, osuri da qarTuli dramatuli Teatrebi, 

samecniero-kvleveTi instituti, samxreT oseTis pedagogiuri instituti, biblioTeka, 

muzeumi, samxatvro saswavlebeli, samxatvro skola, samusiko saswavlebeli, 

profteqnikumi da teqnikuri saswavleblebi, samxatvro galerea, 

saxelmwifo muzeumi (mxareTmcodneobis). 

„qarTveli da osi xalxebis urTierTobis istoriidan“, sazogaoeba „codna“, 

Tbilisi, 1991, gv. 130. 

b) gamodioda qarTuli gazeTi ,,sabWoTa oseTi~, romelsac 52 TanamSromeli 

emsaxureboda. aq megobrulad muSaobdnen qarTvelebi, osebi, somxebi, ebraelebi. 

iyvnen iseTebic, romlebsac meuRleebi qarTvelebi an osebi hyavdaT. gamodioda 

gazeTebi ,,soveton irisoni“, ,,sovetskaia osetia“, yovelTviuri Jurnali 

,,fidiuagi”. 

davaleba 1: 

sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis 

pedagogebi, dajildovebuli 

ordenebiTa da medlebiT. bevrs 

miniWebuli hqonda saqarTvelos 

damsaxurebuli maswavleblis 

wodeba. 

iqve, gv. 131. 

warmoidgine, rom xar kvleviTi jgufis wevri, proeqtis farglebSi. Seni 

mizania ipovo pasuxi kiTxvaze: ra akavSirebda erTmaneTTan adamianebs, cxinvalSi 

mSvidobiani cxovrebisas? 

ukve moZiebuli gaqvs wyaroebi 1-5. 

a) daazuste, ra informacia moipoveba wyaroebSi 1-5 qalaq cxinvalis mosaxleobis 

erovnul mravalferovnebaze? 

b) imsjele, ramdenad sandoa es informacia? 

g) monaxe informacia, rom ebraelebi calke cxovrobdnen da ivaraude, iyo Tu 

ara es damaxasiaTebeli sxva erovnebebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis? 

d) gamoTqvi mosazreba kulturuli cxovrebis rolze qalaqisa da regionis 

mosaxleobis mSvidobian TanaarsebobaSi. 

21 


22 wyaro 6. cxinvalis mcxovreblebis mogonebebi sxvadasxva erovnebis 

mezoblebTan urTierTobis Sesaxeb 


a) XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi cxinvalidan israelSi TiTqmis yvela ebraeli 

wavida. maTi sasaflaos mimxedavi aravin darCa. me da Cemi mezobeli nina buzalaZe 

yovel kviras mivdiodiT iq da Cveni mezobeli ebraelebis saflavebs 

vuvlidiT. axla ki mTlianad aris ganadgurebuli rogorc qarTvelebis, aseve 

ebraelebisa da osebis saflavebi. omi yvelafers anadgurebs... 

eTer daTaSvili, 75 wlis, cxinvalidan devnili. 

b) adre, sanam cxinvalSi vcxovrobdiT, Cems 11 wlis biWunas saswrafo operacia 

dasWirda. aucilebeli iyo misi gadayvana TbilisSi, ris saSualebac imJamad 

ar gvqonda. Cveni gaWirvebis Sesaxeb Seityo osma mezobelma zaur filievma, 

romelmac dauyovnebliv SemomTavaza daxmareba fuliT da Tavisi manqaniT TbilisSi, 

respublikur saavadmyofoSi migviyvana. Cemi Svilis gadarCenas swored 

mas vumadli. 

revaz kaxniaSvili, 62 wlis, sofel kexvis mcxovrebi, amJamad devnili. 

g) cxinvali lamazi da patara qalaqi iyo, TiTqmis yvela erTmaneTs scnobda. 

Cven Soris ar iyo eTnikuri dapirispireba. maxsendeba Cemi mezobeli zema 

bogaeva, romelmac saxlis pirobebSi ludis gamoxda maswavla. 

eTer cotniaSvili, 66 wlis, cxinvalidan devnili. 

d) maxsendeba, patara viyavi da Cemi ojaxi geris wminda giorgis saxelobis 

salocavSi wavida. dedam xabizginebi daacxo. waviyvaneT cxvari, sanTlebi 

waviReT da wavediT. mezoblebTan erTad gavSaleT sufra. Cven Soris 

qarTvelebic iyvnen, Tumca, maSin erovnebas aravin aqcevda yuradRebas. sxvadasxva 

erovnebis bavSvebi erT skolaSi (qarTul da osur seqtorebze) vswavlobdiT 

da megobaric bevri gvyavda: ebraelebi, qarTvelebi, somxebi. axla ki 

guli mtkiva. politikuri daZabulobis gamo, bevrma miatova sacxovrebeli, 

Tumca, Cems amxanagebTan kavSiri dResac ar gamiwyvetia. zogic internetis 

saSualebiT movnaxe. 

anJela xugaevi, 54 wlis, cxinvalidan devnili. 

interviuebi Caiwera nona WiRlaZem 2009 wlis ivnisSi. 

davaleba 2: 

proeqtze muSaobis meore etapze Seni jgufis wevrebma ramdenime interviu 

aiRes (wyaro 6). 

1. SeiswavleT isini da daaxarisxeT axali informacia Semdegi kiTxvebis 

mixedviT: 

y vin mogcaT interviu, maTi asaki? 

y am mogonebebis mixedviT, ra yofila maTTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani? 

y ra faqtebi mowmobs maT yoveldRiur mSvidobian cxovrebas? 

y teqstebidan SearCieT am interviuebis saerTo saTauri.

2. wyaroebis 1-6 safuZvelze jgufebSi ganixileT, ra faqtorebi uwyobda xels 

cxinvalis mosaxleobis mSvidobian Tanaarsebobas? 

3. warmoadgineT Tqveni muSaobis Sedegebi prezentaciis, sagazeTo statiis, 

ad gilobrivi telearxis JurnalistTan intervius an radiogadacemaSi gamosvlis 

saxiT (airCieT erT-erTi). 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra aerTianebda cxinvalis mcxovreblebs 

1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde? 

23 


24 


6. ra moxda TbilisSi 

1956 wlis 9 marts? 

sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom miiRes monawileoba 1956 wlis 9 martis 

movlenebSi sxvadasxva erovnebis warmomadgenlebma? 

wyaro 1. saqarTvelos istoriis saxelmZRvanelo 1956 wlis 9 martis 

movlenebis mizezis Sesaxeb 

... 1956 wlis TebervalSi komunisturi partiis XX yrilobaze ioseb stalinis 

pirovnebis kultis Sesaxeb moxsenebiT gamovida nikita xruSCovi... stalinis 

kritikis dros xazi esmeboda mis qarTvelobas... TiTqos stalinis mier 

ganxorcielebul represiebSi mniSvnelovan rols qarTuli fenomeni asrulebda. 

aseTi uecari da aseTi mkveTri Semobruneba axalgazrdebisaTvis gaugebari 

gaxda. stalinis kritikas qarTveli axalgazrdoba sakuTari erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis 

Seuracxyofad aRiqvamda. 1956 wlis 3 martidan Tbilisis umaRles 

saswavleblebSi imarTeboda calkeuli manifestaciebi... 5 marts ki studentebi 

quCaSi gamovidnen. maT dedaqalaqis mosaxleobis didma nawilma auba mxari. 

saprotesto moZraoba moedo mTel saqarTvelos... 

TbilisSi gamarTul mravalaTasian mitingze moiTxovdnen stalinis kritikisa 

da qarTveli eris Seuracxyofis Sewyvetas... 

saqarTvelos istoria, XX saukune. saxelmZRvanelo istoriis fakultetis 

studentebisaTvis, Tb., 2003, gv. 181-182. 

wyaro 2. oficialuri gancxadeba 9 marts daniSnuli mitingebis Sesaxeb 

dRes, 9 marts, respublikis sawarmoebSi, dawesebulebebsa da saswavlebleb- 

Si dRis 1 saaTze gaimarTeba i. b. stalinis gardacvalebis mesame wlisTavisadmi 

miZRvnili mitingebi. 

gancxadeba gazeTSi `komunisti~, 1956 weli, 9 marti, #58. 

wyaro 3. 9 martis movlenebis monawileTa mogonebebi 

a) gaixseneT Tundac xalxiT gaWedili leninis [dR. Tavisuflebis _ red.] 

moedani, roca tribunidan mowodeba gaisma – partiulebo, SevficoT stalins 

erTgulebao, rogor gawiT lda moedani partbileTebis SuqiT. gaixseneT, sxvadasxva 

eris warmomadgenelTa erTad yofna da erTsulovneba Tbilisis im 

mSfoTvare dReebSi. 

Tengiz buaCiZe. 1956 wlis 9 martis tragediidan, krebulSi: 

`9 marti, 1956 kadrSi da kadrgareT~, Tb., 2001, gv. 91. 

b) ...garda imisa, rom xalxiT datvirTuli sabargo manqanebi zedized midian 

da modian, yvela manqana gabmulad ukravs sayvirs... mTeli qalaqi gareT 

aris gamosuli. amas emateba saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela raionidan asobiT da 

aTasobiT Camosuli adamiani... xSirad vxvdebi gund-gundad mdgar sxva erovnebis 

warmomadgenlebs. isini erTad Sehyara saerTo interesma, an zogad kavkasiuri 

damcirebis grZnobam. 

a. wereTeli, 9 martis monawilis dRiurebidan. Tb, 1994, gv. 20.

g) Svidi wlis viyavi, roca 1956 wlis 9 martis ambebi moxda. vcxovrobdi Zer- 

Jinskis quCis #22-Si, italiur ezoSi, sadac cxovrobdnen qarTvelebi, somxebi, 

ebraelebi, qurTebi... Cveni ezo mTavrobis saxlis mopirdapire mxares iyo. roca 

tankebi rusTavelze gadiodnen, Cven es yvelaferi gvesmoda da quCaSi yvela 

mezobeli gamovediT. jariskacebma ar CagviSves rusTavelis gamzirze. rusTavelidan 

ismoda srolis da yvirilis xma. demonstrantebi centraluri telegrafisaken 

midiodnen. sami biWi Cveni ezodan ukan ar dabrunebula. mSoblebma 

sad ar mimarTes, magram pasuxs ver iRebdnen. maT saerTod ver gaiges, sad 

dakrZales isini. am samidan erTi iyo somexi _ sergo, qarTveli – zurabi da 

erTic ebraeli, romlis saxeli aRar maxsovs. 

davaleba 1: 

interviu julieta atoianTan, 61 wlis, 

Caiwera elene bodavelma, 2010 wlis 24 ianvari. 

1. daaxasiaTe, ra tipis aris wyaroebi 1-3? 

2. wyaroebidan 1-3 gamoyavi yvela movlena, romelic 1956 wlis 9 martTan aris 

dakavSirebuli. 

3. Seni azriT, raze metyvelebs is faqti, rom samgloviaro mitingis Sesaxeb 

gancxadeba oficialur presaSi gamoqveynda? 

4. CamoTvale, saqarTveloSi tradiciulad mcxovrebi romeli eTnikuri jgufebi 

igulisxmeba dokumentSi naxsenebi studentebisa da dedaqalaqis mosaxleobaSi? 

wyaro 4. saqarTvelos istoriis saxelmZRvanelodan 

...1956 wlis martSi... Tbilisis demonstraciebi da mitingebi sabWoTa kavSiris 

politikurma xelmZRvanelobam oficialuri kursis dagmobad miiCnia. moskovSi 

SeSindnen, rom moZraoba ufro farTo xasiaTs miiRebda. nikita xruSCovma 

saqarTvelos dasja gadawyvita. 1956 wlis 9 marts TbilisSi armiam samxedro 

teqnikis gamoyenebiT umowyalod daxvrita mSvidobiani demonstracia. 

vaCnaZe, m., guruli, v., saqarTvelos istoria IX klasi, Tb., 2004, gv. 132. 

wyaro 5. 1956 wlis 10 martis sagazeTo statiebis ZiriTadi saTaurebi: 

`sabWoTa kavSiris komunisturi partiis centralur komitetsa da ssr kav- 

Siris ministrTa sabWoSi~; `partiis XX yrilobis gadawyvetileba moqmedebis 

sabrZolo programaSi~; àRvkveToT formalizmi socialistur SejibrebaSi~ 

(gazeTi `komunisti~ # 59). ì.b. stalinis gardacvalebis mesame wlisTavi~; 

`marSali ju de gaemgzavra Tbilisidan~; `saqarTvelos mSromelebi pativs 

scemen i.b. stalinis xsovnas~; `fotoaparati Cvens qveyanaSi~; `didi horizontebi“ 

(gazeTi àxalgazrda komunisti~, #30.). 

davaleba 2: 

1. gaaanalize informacia da gamoitane daskvna im dros presis rolze. 

2. axseni, rogor SeeZloT gaegoT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi mcxovreb 

adamianebs, rac TbilisSi moxda? daasabuTe Seni mosazreba. 

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26 


wyaro 6. monacemebi daRupulTa Sesaxeb 

1956 wlis 9 marts daRupulTa siidan 

Tengiz SaniZe (erovnebiT qarTveli) _ 16 wlis, rkinigzis #1 saSualo skolis 

me-9 klasis moswavle, komkavSiris komitetis mdivani, moskovis ucxo enaTa (franguli 

ena) kursebis msmeneli (dauswrebeli). 

guliko svani (erovnebiT qarTveli) _ 19 wlis, studenti. 

levan xangulovi (erovnebiT somexi) _ 16 wlis, me-8 klasis moswavle. 

kiazo WanturiZe (erovnebiT qarTveli) _ 16 wlis, me-9 klasis moswavle. 

iuza wereTeli (erovnebiT qarTveli) _ 18 wlis, 

guram tunievi (erovnebiT osi) _ 20 wlis, me-11 klasis moswavle. iyo kargi 

sportsmeni. 

kote bajiaSvili (erovnebiT qarTveli) _ 26 wlis 

boris zargariani (erovnebiT somexi) _ 20 wlis, muSaobda 31-e saaviacio qarxanaSi 

zeinklad. 

(unda aRiniSnos, rom pirvelad wyaroSi ar aris miTiTebuli daRupulTa 

erovneba _ avt.). 

a) 

vefxvaZe g., 9 marti, 1956 kadrSi da kadrgareT. Tb., 2001, gv. 77-81. 

wyaro 7. 9 martis mitingi da demonstracia 

b)

davaleba 3: 

1. Camoayalibe informacia, romelic wyaroebidan 6 da 7 miiRe. 

2. ivaraude axalgazrdebis am movlenebSi monawileobis motivi. 

3. axseni, ratom iyo miuRebeli stalinis Seuracxyofa 1950-iani wlebis 

saqarTvelos axalgazrdobis nawilisTvis? 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: raze metyvelebs eTnikuri umci resobebis 

monawileoba sabWoTa saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebSi? 

27 


28 


7. 1989 wlis 9 aprili 

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor vibrZodiT erTad saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis? 

wyaro 1. oficialuri informacia mitingebis Sesaxeb 

. . . afxazeTis ambebiT gamowveuli bunebrivi SeSfoTeba ukiduresi mimarTulebis 

gaerTianebebma gamoiyenes saerTo viTarebis gasamwvaveblad TbilisSi, sadac 

ramdenime dRea, antisabWouri xasiaTis usanqcio mitingebi da demonstraciebi 

ewyoba... respublikis mTavrobis saxlis win mdebare moedanze yoveldRiurad 

Tavs iyris aTasobiT adamiani... avrceleben yovelgvar dezinformacias, mitingis 

monawileebs mouwodeben kanonsawinaaRmdego moqmedebisaken, uwesrigobisaken... 

gazeTi `komunisti~, # 83, 1989 w. 9 aprili. 

wyaro 2. saqarTvelos istoriis saxelmZRvanelo 9 aprilis movlenebis 

Sesaxeb 

... sabWoTa kavSiris xelmZRvaneloba SeaSfoTa saqarTveloSi erovnuli 

moZraobis aRmavlobam, romelmac sul ufro gamokveTili antisabWoTa xasia- 

Ti miiRo. TbilisSi mimdinare movlenebs SeiZleboda gavlena moexdina sxva 

respublikebze... moskovSi miiRes gadawyvetileba TbilisSi mitingebis ZaliT 

aRkveTis Sesaxeb. 1989 wlis 9 aprils gamTeniisas TbilisSi, mTavrobis saxlis 

win, specdaniSnulebis razmma momwamlavi gazisa da mesangreTa niCbebis gamoyenebiT 

daarbia mSvidobiani momitingeebi. 

vaCnaZe, m., guruli, v., saqarTvelos istoria, IX klasi, Tb., 2004, gv. 133. 

wyaro 3. 9 aprilis tragediis istoriidan 

9 aprilis tragediam didi gamoxmaureba gamoiwvia farTo sazogadoebaSi. 

Cveni mSromelebisa da inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi iTxoven sinaTle moefinos 

sinamdviles, SeviswavloT da gamovamzeuroT is mizezebi, ramac dRes 

ubedurebamde migviyvana. 

saqarTvelos mTavrobam ...aRniSna, rom gasul dRe-RameSi daisaxa TbilisSi, 

respublikis sxva qalaqebsa da raionebSi situaciis stabilizaciis tendencia... 

unda gavaaqtiuroT brZola eqstremistulad ganwyobil pirebTan, mopiketeebTan, 

moxuligno elementebTan... 

gazeTi `komunisti~, #85, 1989 w. 12 aprili. 

davaleba 1: 

Seadare erTmaneTs gazeTisa da saxelmZRvanelos informacia 9 aprilis 

Sesaxeb. gaakeTe amis Semdeg daskvna. 

wyaro 4. mimarTva qarTveli xalxisadmi 

qarTvel xalxTan varT! 

am tragikul da glovis dReebSi Cven, araqarTuli erovnebis warmomadgenlebi, 

mtkiced vacxadebT: cruoben isini, vinc ambobs, TiTqos saqarTveloSi aRmocenebuliyos 

antirusuli ganwyobileba... viRac-viRacebi avrceleben cilismwameblur 

xmebs saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, Cven unda viyoT erTad... viRacebs marTlac

surT grZeldebodes krizisuli mdgomareoba, SuRli Camoagdon erovnebaTa Soris, 

magram xalxis umravlesoba amas aRSfoTebiT gmobs. saqarTvelo mTeli 

Tavisi mravalsaukunovani istoriiT gviCvenebs WeSmarit stumarTmoyvareobas. 

msoflios verc erTi xalxi ver daikvexnis, imden erovnebas Seefarebinos Tavi 

erT muWa miwaze, ramdenic qarTvelma xalxma Seifara... zogierTi Cvengani, Sereuli 

qorwinebis Svilebi, aq gavCndiT, zogni axla Camovidnen, magram Cven siamayiT 

vacxadebT, rom varT saqarTvelos suverenuli respublikis moqalaqeni... Cven 

mivmaTavT yvela moqalaqes, yvela erovnebis Svils mowodebiT: SevmWidrovdeT, 

raTa SevumsubuqoT qarTvel xalxs Tavs datexili ubedureba... 

xels aweren: v. domuxovski – saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis metalurgiis 

institutis mecnier TanamSromeli; i. roitmani, i. kovaliovi, 

J. gureviCi _ fizikis institutis ufrosi mecnier TanamSromlebi; o. iudini – amave 

institutis wamyvani TanamSromeli; g. kroiveci – saqarTvelos politeq nikuri institutis 

maswavlebeli `9 aprili~, Tb., 1990, gv. 130. 

davaleba 2: 

1. daadgine wyaros tipi. romeli socialuri fenis warmomadgenlebi arian 

dokumentis avtorebi? 

2. ra aris mimarTvis ZiriTadi gzavnili? ra aris misi Tavisebureba? 

wyaro 5. 1989 wlis 9 aprili 

a) darbevis win b) darbevis Semdeg 

davaleba 3: 

aRadgine, wyaros 5 a, b, g mixedviT, 

9 aprilis istoriuli movlenebi. 

g) xsovnis dRe 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: rogor SeiZleba gaxdes damoukideblobisaTvis 

brZola sxvadasxva erovnebis gamaerTianebeli? 

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30 


8. Tbilisis melpomena * 

(XX saukunis Tbilisis Teatraluri cxovreba) 

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor gamoxatavda Teatraluri cxovreba XX 

saukunis Tbilisis mravalerovan iersaxes? 

wyaro 1. cota ram Tbilisis Teatrebis istoriidan 

y 1845 wlis 20 seqtembers kavkasiis mefisnacvalma mixeil voroncovma TbilisSi 

gaxsna rusuli Teatri, romelsac 1934 wels aleqsandre griboedovis 

saxeli mieniWa. 

y XX saukuneSi am TeatrSi moRvaweobdnen giorgi tovstonogovi, kote marjaniSvili, 

aleqsandre wuwunava, dimitri aleqsiZe, mixeil TumaniSvili, 

giga lorTqifaniZe, robert sturua, gizo Jordania da sxva cnobili re- 

Jisorebi. Teatris literaturuli xelmZRvaneli iyo grigol robaqiZe, 

speqtaklebisTvis musikas werda zaqaria faliaSvili, dekoraciebs qmnidnen 

elene axvlediani da lado gudiaSvili... 

y 1850 wlis 2 ianvars TbilisSi, gimnaziis patara darbazSi dadgmul giorgi 

erisTavis piesaSi ,,gayra~ qarTvel msaxiobebTan erTad TamaSobda 

somexi msaxiobi g. SanSiani. speqtakls mravlad hyavda rogorc qarTveli, 

aseve, somexi mayurebeli. 

y 1858 wels TbilisSi somxuri Teatri daarsda. es faqti gevorq CmSkianis 

saxels ukavSirdeba. XX saukunis dasawyisSi TbilisSi moRvaweobda 

Tbiliseli, warmoSobiT somexi, mwerali gabriel sundukiani, romelic 

werda: ,,me vSromobdi ori Cemi samSoblos, Tanabrad Zvirfasi eris 

qarTvelTa da somexTa scenisaTvis~. 

y 1872 wels meidanze, metexis cixis pirdapir, barenbekovis qarvaslis 

sardafSi, azerbaijaneli inteligenciis erTi jgufis iniciativiTa da 

monawileobiT, pirvelad daidga komedia ,,arabeTis xanis veziri~’, mirza 

faTali axundovis piesis ,,lenkoranis xanis veziris Tavgadasavlis~ 

mixedviT. 

vasil kiknaZe, qarTuli dramatuli Teatris istoria, Tb., 2001, gv.59; 

suren avCiani, qarTul somxuri Teatraluri urTierTobebi, Tb., 1960, gv.75. 

m. babunaSvili, oqtombris revolucia da qarTuli xelovneba, Jurnali 

„sabWoTa xelovneba“, 1957, #10, gv. 12. 

* melpomena – berZnulad `cekva-simReriT Seqebas~ niSnavs; berZnul miTologiaSi zevsisa da 

mnemosinas asuli _ erT-erTi cxra muzidan, tragediisa da sasceno xelovnebis mfarveli qal- 

RmerTi. gamoisaxeboda vazis foTlebiT morTuli, dafnis gvirgviniT, tragikuli niRbiT, kombliT 

xelSi; 2) sasceno xelovnebis simbolo.

wyaro 2. qarTuli dramatuli sazogadoebis afiSa (XX saukunis dasawyisi) 

wyaro 3. azerbaijanuli Teatris Sesaxeb 

azerbaijanuli Teatris speq taklis 

afiSa, romelSic qa lebis rols 

mamakacebi asru lebdnen* 

1912-1947 wlebSi TbilisSi funqcionirebda 

azerbaijanuli saxalxo 

saxli, romelic narimanovis 

klubis saxeliTac iyo cnobili. 

iq, msoflio klasikis nimuSebTan 

erTad, idgmeboda azerbaijanuli 

piesebi. baqodan iwvevdnen azerbaijanulenovan 

profesional msaxiobebs. 

maTTan erTad scenaze 

TamaSobdnen sxvadasxva erovnebis 

msaxiobebi, romlebic kargad 

flobdnen azerbaijanul enas. magaliTad, 

saqarTvelos saxalxo 

artisti taso abaSiZe azerbaijanel 

kolegebTan erTad warmatebiT 

monawileobda azerbaijanul 

warmodgenebSi. 1922 wels Teatrs 

mirza faTali axundovis saxelo- 

bis saxelmwifo azerbaijanuli Teatris statusi mieniWa. dasi xSirad mogzaurobda 

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva qalaqsa da sofelSi. * 

alxan bineToRli, saubrebi Teatrze, baqo, 2009, gv. 14. 

* muslimuri sarwmunoebis mixedviT, qalebs TeatrSi msaxioboba ekrZalebodaT, amitom qalebis rols 

qalis tansacmelSi gadacmuli kacebi TamaSobdnen. 

31 


32 


wyaro 4. rusTavelis Teatris istoria 

1920 wlis 27 ivliss, 

saqarTvelos 

demokratiuli respublikis 

mTavrobis 

gadawyvetilebiT, 

qarTul Teatrs gadaeca 

iuzbaSevis saxlis 

yvela darbazi 

da meore sarTuli. 

es iyo amJamindeli 

rusTavelis Teatris 

Senoba, sadac warmodgenebs 

marTavda, 

agreTve, rusuli 

Teatri ,,tarto” da 

somxuri drama. dReebi 

ase ganawil da: kvira 

saRamo, samSabaTi, 

xuTSabaTi da SabaTi 

SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxel mwifo Teatri 

– qarTul dramas; orSabaTi, paraskevi da kvira dila – rusul Teatrs, oTx- 

SabaTi – somxur Teatrs. 

wyaro 5. somxuri Teatris Sesaxeb 

vasil kiknaZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi gv. 458. 

saqarTveloSi 

mcxov reb somex dramatur 

gebs, romlebic 

qarTulad werdnen, 

Ta vianTi wvlili 

Seh qondaT qarTuli 

Te atris warmatebis 

saq meSi. aseTi iyo goreli 

somexi zurab 

antonovi, romlis 

li teraturul-dra maturgiuliSemoqmedeba 

qarTul scenaze 

gaifurCqna. somxur 

Te at rSi aqtiurad 

moR vaweobda cnobi- 

Tbilisis somxuri Teatri 

li qar Tveli msaxiobi 

vaso abaSiZe. misi 

Semoqmedeba cocxali 

gansaxie rebaa qarTvel da somex xalxTa megobruli urTierTobisa. 

suren avCiani, dasaxelebuli naSromi gv. 79.

wyaro 6. internacionaluri speqtaklebi 

a) Cvens TeatrSi sundukianis ,,pepoSi~ efemias rols qarTulad TamaSobda 

msaxiobi medea Caxava, danarCeni dasi ki mTlianad somxurad TamaSobda. iyo 

piriqiTac _ rusTavelis Teatris scenaze speqtakl ,,pepoSi~ rusTavelis dasi 

TamaSobda qarTulad, xolo pepos rols somxur enaze asrulebda saqarTvelos 

saxalxo artisti artem lusiniani. aseTi gasvlebi Cveni TeatrisaTvis 

didi zeimi iyo. am speqtaklebze orive TeatrSi qarTveli da somexi mayurebeli 

erTad dadioda. 

interviu saqarTvelos damsaxurebul artististTan robert ovanesianTan, 

Caiwera nana soloRaSvilma, 2009 wlis 20 seqtemberi. 

b) XX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi soxumSi viyaviT gastrolebze. soxumis Teatris 

scenaze viTamaSeT Seqspiris ,,otelo~. pirveli moqmedeba iTamaSa rusTavelis 

Teatris qarTulma dasma qarTul enaze, meore moqmedeba _ Tbilisis somxuri 

Teatris dasma somxur enaze, xolo mesame moqmedeba _ afxazeTis dasma 

afxazur enaze. speqtakls mayurebelic mravalerovani hyavda da yvelasgan mxolod 

siTbo da sixaruli igrZnoboda. CemTvis saamayoa, rom somxuri Teatris 

scenaze ilia WavWavaZis ,,glaxis naambobSi~ akaki vasaZis partniori viyavi: igi 

mamis rols TamaSobda, me _ Tamros. es udidesi bedniereba iyo. 

davaleba 1: 

interviu msaxiob serik SekoianTan, Caiwera nana soloRaSvilma, 

2009 wlis 24 seqtemberi. 

SeqmeniT 5 jgufi da moamzadeT statia, wyaroebis 1-6 mixedviT, XX saukunis 

dasawyisis erT-erTi Tbilisuri gazeTisaTvis. 

TiToeuli jgufi wers 

y rusuli Teatris 

y qarTuli Teatris 

y somxuri Teatris 

y azerbaijanuli Teatris 

y gazeTis korespondentis 

saxeliT. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: rogor emsaxureboda `Tbilisis melpomena~ 

Tanacxovrebas mravalkulturul qalaqSi? 

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9. edemis baRi `samxreTis cimbirSi~ 

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori urTierToba iyo saqarTveloSi Camosaxlebul 

rusebsa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris XX saukunis dasawyisSi? 

wyaro 1. sagarejos raionis mosaxleoba 

80 

70 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

70 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

davaleba 1: 

XX saukunis dasawyisi 

XXI saukunis dasawyisi 

qarTvelebi 

somxebi 

azerbaijanelebi 

rusebi 

germanelebi 

da sxva 

qarTvelebi 

azerbaijanelebi 

rusebi 

somxebi 

osebi 

da sxva 

1. Seadare monacemebi. ra cvlilebebi moxda sagarejos raionis mosaxleobis 

eTnikur SemadgenlobaSi XX saukunis dasawyisidan XXI saukunis dasawyisamde? 

2. ivaraude, ra iyo am cvlilebebis mizezi?

wyaro 2. umiwo rusi glexebis gadmosaxlebis istoria 

Tavad malxaz andronikaSvils, saxelmwifo bankidan aRebuli valis ga- 

dauxdelobis gamo, 1908 wels auqcioniT gaeyida 13 aTasi desetina miwa axlan- 

deli bogdanovkis, araSendisa da kaWreTis midamoebSi. 

1909 wels gaRatakebuli, umiwo rusi glexebis 120 komli donispireTi- 

dan mindor oleSi Camosaxlda - axlandeli sof. bogdanovkis teritoriaze. 

axalmoSeneebma sofels bogdanovka uwodes, radgan ruseTis xelisufalTagan 

muqTad Caigdes baraqiani qarTuli miwa. isini ambobdnen: es sikeTe RmerTma 

mogvca - ,,bog dal”-o. maT magaliTze didZali rusi umiwawylo glexoba moawyda 

aqaurobas da ase gaCnda xutorebi: ,,makaevka,” ,,alandara,” ,,meore alandara,” 

,,gvozdeevka,” ,,saldatski xutori” da ,,zelionoe pole”. magram pirveli 

msoflio omis dawyebisTanave axalmoSeneebi am xutorebidan aiyarnen da isev 

samSobloSi dabrundnen. mxolod bogdanovka darCa dRemde. 

interviu sagarejos mcxovrebi aleqsandre elerdaSvilTan, 82 wlis, 

Caiwera qeTevan qvliviZem, 2009 wlis 12 ivnisi. 

wyaro 3. sofel bogdanovkis rusuli skolis Sesaxeb 

leonti vasilis Ze zubaSevskis iniciativiT, sofelSi rusuli skola gaixsna. 

TandaTan skolaSi qarTveli bavSvebic momravldnen. maT rusul enaze 

swavla uWirdaT. qarTvelma mSoblebma skolaSi qarTuli seqtoris gaxsnac 

moiTxoves. soflis maswavleblis qeTevan kutibaSvilisa da misi meuRlis 

revaz orvelaSvilis didi mondomebiT, 1966 wels soflis rusul skolaSi 

qarTuli seqtoric gaixsna. 

bogdanovkaSi mezobeli soflebidan: Siblianidan, verxvianidan, yandauridan, 

kakabeTidan, Wermidan qarTvelebi Camosaxldnen. TandaTan soflis mosaxleobis 

ZiriTadi nawili qarTuli gaxda. rusi da berZeni mcxovrebnic saukeTesod 

floben qarTul enas. skolaSi rusul enaze swavlis moTxovna ukve naklebi 

iyo. Sedegad, soflis rusuli skola gauqmda. 

interviu sof. bogdanovkis mcxovreb ivane uSakovTan, 82 wlis, 


wyaro 4. rusi axalmosaxleebis cxovrebis Sesaxeb 

a) 61 wlis vera stefanes asul Sirina: winaT am sofels malxazovka erqva, 

1940 wlidan ki krasnogorka hqvia. Cemi winaprebi aq pirveli pirveli msoflio 

omis win saratovis mxaridan gadmoasaxles. mizezi Cveni mrwamsi iyo _ malaknebi 

varT. sofelSi adre baptisti malaknebic iyvnen. isini wyliT naTlobas 

iRebdnen. Cven, malaknebi, sityviT viRebT naTlobas. malaknebs eklesia ar 

gvaqvs. `samlocvelo saxli~ yofili skolis SenobaSi gvqonda. sabWoTa periodSi 

aq klubi gaxsnes, malaknebs sxva, calke mdgomi Senoba misces, SemoRobes. 

axla sofelSi sul ori moxuci qaliRa darCa, vinc `samlocvelo saxlSi~ 

dadis da biblias kiTxulobs. 

XX saukunis 90-ian wlebamde krasnogorka sufTa rusuli sofeli iyo. 

mxolod rusebi vcxovrobdiT. politikuri viTarebis arevis Semdeg, gansakuTrebiT, 

mxedrionis TareSis periodSi, sofeli dacarielda _ zogi Tbilis- 

35 


36 


Si an rusTavSi gadasaxlda, zogic ruseTSi wavida. malaknebs didi oja xebi 

gvqonda: TiTo ojaxSi 10 Svili mainc izrdeboda. dedaCems, Sirina nadeJda 

andreevnas, 7 Svili, 37 SviliSvili da 7 SvilTaSvili hyavda. axla biZaSvilebi 

asze metni varT. gafantulebi varT ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris. 

aq mcxovrebma rusebma qarTuli saerTod ar ician. ar iyo amis aucilebloba. 

b) 81 wlis anastasia gluSkova: mamaCems qarTvelebi Zalian uyvarda. mec 

Zalian miyvars qarTvelebi. kargad, Zalian kargad vcxovrobdiT erTad. XX 

saukunis 90-ian wlebSi mTel saqarTveloSi ganukiTxaoba rom iyo, rusebs 

gvaSinebdnen: wadiT aqedan, Torem qarTvelebi dagxocaveno. bevrs SeeSinda, 

wavida ruseTSi. Cven arsad wavsulvarT. rusebi saxlebs rom hyiddnen, ramdenime 

saxli viyide Cemi SvilebisaTvis, rom arsad wasuliyvnen. 

rusebi aq kargad vcxovrobdiT. mwvelavad vmuSaobdi. 10 Svili gavzarde, 

uamravi jildoc maqvs miRebuli: 1979 wels, rogorc gamarjvebuls, premiad 100 

kilogrami xorci gamomiweres, damsves TviTmfrinavze da moskovSi saxalxo 

meurneobis miRwevaTa gamofenaze gamiSves 9 dRiT. Jurnalma `krestiankam~ 

ydaze Cemi suraTic dabeWda. namdvilad bednieri cxovreba mqonda. mdidaric 

viyavi – yvela Cems Svils Zvirfasi logini da xaliCebi miveci. 

interviu sof. krasnogorkis mcxovreblebTan 


wyaro 5. sof. krasnogorkis malaknebis saojaxo yofa

davaleba 2: 

1. gaarkvie, wyaroebis 2 da 4 mixedviT, ra iyo dRevandeli sagarejos raionis 

sofel bogdanovkasa da mezobel soflebSi rusuli mosaxleobis Camosaxlebis 

mizezebi? 

2. wyaroebidan 3 da 4 miRebuli informaciis mixedviT, gansazRvre rogor warimarTa 

rusi axalmosaxleebis urTierToba adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan? 

moitane magaliTebi. 

3. ipove argumentebi, miiCnevda Tu ara sagarejos raionis rusi mosaxleoba 

`samxreTis cimbirs~ Tavis samSoblod? 

4. wyaroebis 2-5 mixedviT, isaubreT malaknebis cxovrebis wesisa da tradiciebis 

Sesaxeb. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ratom iTvleboda saqarTvelo anu `samxre- 

Tis cimbiri~ edemis baRad? 

37 


38 

ojaxi 

10. Sereuli qorwinebebi 

saqarTveloSi XX saukunis 

meore naxevarSi 

sakvanZo kiTxva: romelma politikurma procesebma iqonia gavlena 

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis eTnikuri Semadgenlobis cvlilebaze XX 

saukunis meore naxevarSi? 

wyaro 1. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis Sesaxeb meore msoflio omis dros 

…mosaxleoba did daxmarebas uwevda partiul, komkavSirul da sabWoTa organoebs 

evakuirebuli bavSvebis mowyobasa da aRzrdaSi. 1942 wels patronaJze 

ayvanil iqna 2340, xolo Svilad 320 bavSvi [...] 

...miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleobis raodenoba Seivso bunebrivi 

namatiT da mtris mier droebiT okupirebuli raionebidan evakuirebuli 

mosaxleobiT, romlis nawili saqarTveloSi damkvidrda, omis wlebSi saqarTvelos 

mosaxleoba Semcirda [...] 

saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t.VIII, Tb., 1980, gv. 232, 271. 

wyaro 2. qarTuli mxatvruli filmi meore msoflio omis Semdeg Sereuli 

ojaxis Sesaxeb 

qarTuli mxatruli filmi àraCveulebrivi gamofena~ mogviTxrobs meore 

msoflio omis dros ruseTidan saqarTveloSi evakuirebuli rusi gogonas 

glafira ogurcovasa da qarTveli moqandakis – aguli erisTavis siyvarulisa 

da ojaxuri cxovrebis ambavs. 

a) aguli erisTavis mama pipinia b) aguli, pipinia da agulis oTxi 

vagon-barakidan saxlSi vaJi ulocavs dedas 

miacilebs sarZlos. mexuTe vaJis gaCenas 

kadrebi qarTuli mxatvruli filmidan „araCveulebrivi gamofena“, 

reJisori e. Sengelaia, 1968 w.

davaleba 1: 

1. ivaraude, ra iyo filmis Seqmnis idea? 

2. monaxe saerTo wyaroebSi 1-2 motanil magaliTebSi. 

3. daaskveni, romeli istoriuli movlenebi axdenda gavlenas Sereuli qorwinebebis 

zrdaze saqarTveloSi? 

wyaro 3. ojaxebis (Sinameurneobebis * ) ganawileba erovnebis mixedviT 

(sadac yvela wevri erTi erovnebisaa) 

(statistikis departamentis monacemebi) 

erovneba 1979 1989 2002 

1 qarTveli 750430 817875 837535 

2 afxazi 14985 16590 92 

3 osi 29736 28533 4875 

4 somexi 84234 74253 49229 

5 rusi 70104 56326 8018 

6 azerb. 44325 56668 60623 

7 berZeni 17533 17916 2918 

8 sxva 12935 14226 8092 

SeniSvna: 2002 wels afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikasa da cxinvalis regionSi 

mosaxleobis sayo velTao aRwera ar Catarebula. 

wyaro 4. ojaxebi (Sinameurneobebi), sadac wevrebi sxvadasxva erovnebisaa 


1979 w. 1989 w. 2002 w. 

yvela ojaxi 1150836 1243677 1040515 

erTi erovnebis 1030716 1092349 971384 

Sereuli 120120 151328 69131 

160000 

140000 

120000 

100000 

80000 

60000 

40000 

20000 

davaleba 2: 

gamoiangariSe Sereul qorwinebaTa procentuli maCvenebeli 

1979 1989 2002 

* Sinameurneoba _ ase uwodeben oficialur dokumentebSi ojaxs. 

0 

120120 

151328 

69131 

1979 w. 1989 w. 2002 w. 

39 

ojaxi

40 

ojaxi 

wyaro 5. Sereuli ojaxebi qarTvelis monawileobiT (statistikis departamentis 

monacemebi) 

20000 

15000 

10000 

5000 

0 

19325 

davaleba 3: 

Sinameurneobebi, sadac wevrebi sxvadasxva erovnebisaa 

2163 

15013 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

1. wyaroebis 3-5 mixedviT, daadgine ra cvlilebebi moxda saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 

eTnikur SemadgenlobaSi. 

2. Seadare Sereuli qorwinebis statistikaSi arsebuli cvlilebebi mosaxleobis 

eTnikuri Semadgenlobis imdroindel monacemebs. 

3. gadanomre Sereuli ojaxebi maTi raodenobis mixedviT 

wyaro 6. Sereuli ojaxebi (Sinameurneobebi) qalaqad da soflad 


100000 

80000 

60000 

40000 

20000 

0 

11501 

2229 2046 

8050 

93719 90750 

26404 

davaleba 4: 

gamoiangariSe soflad da qalaqad mcxovrebi Sereuli ojaxebis procentuli 

maCvenebeli 

32896 

8804 

1979 w. 1989 w. 2002 w. 

1979 1989 2002 

1. qarTveli da rusi 

2. qarTveli da afxazi 

3. qarTveli da somexi 

4. qarTveli da osi 

5. qarTveli da azerbaijaneli 

6. qarTveli da berZeni 

7. qarTveli da sxv. 

8. qarTvelis gareSe 

qalaqebSi 

soflebSi 

50225 

18906

davaleba 5: 

imsjeleT, ratom aris qalaqSi meti Sereuli ojaxi, vidre sofelSi? 

wyaro 7. kiTxvari-interviu 

1. saxeli, gvari 

2. erovneba 

3. dabadebis adgili da weli 

4. ganaTleba 

5. meuRlis erovneba 

6. sad gaicaniT Tqveni meuRle? 

7. rodis iqorwineT? 

8. ra wesiT Sesrulda qorwineba? 

9. sad cxovrobT amJamad? 

1. irina xaldeeva 

2. rusi 

3. xaSuri, 1933 w. 

4. umaRlesi 

5. qarTveli, Tengiz barnaveli 

6. meuRle gavicani TbilisSi 

7. oTxi wlis Semdeg 

8. xeli movawereT 

9. TbilisSi 

10. Svilebi gvyavs 

11. qarTulad da rusulad 

12. Svilebma rusuli kargad ician 

13. aranairi, Cvens Svilsac rusi 

coli hyavs 

14. ara 

15. saqarTvelo Cemi samSobloa 

davaleba 6: 

10. gyavT Tu ara Svilebi? 

11. ra enaze laparakobT ojaxSi? 

12. ician Tu ara Tqvenma Svilebma 

Tqveni mSobliuri ena? 

13. SegqmniaT ojaxSi problemebi 

Tqveni araqarTvelobis gamo? 

14. sazogadoebis mxridan? 

15. miiCnevT Tu ara saqarTvelos 

Tqvens samSoblod? 

1. maxnur aSurova 

2. azerbaijaneli 

3. bolnisis r-ni, sof. darbazi, 1943 w. 

4. umaRlesi, rusuli enis pedagogi 

5. qarTveli, giorgi valiSvili 

6. meuRle gavicani q. kaspSi, skolaSi 

7. Zalian male, imave wels 

8. xeli movawereT 

9. vcxovrobT TbilisSi 

10. ori asuli da erTi vaJi 

11. ojaxSi vlaparakobT qarTulad 

da azerbaijanulad 

12. orive ena kargad ician 

13. arasodes 

14. ara, gansakuTrebul siyvaruls 

vgrZnob mezoblebisgan 

15. ra Tqma unda 

interviu Caiweres n. molaSvilma da n. nabievam, 2009 wlis 8 da 16 oqtomberi. 

1. airCie pasuxebidan erT-erTi fraza am interviuebis dasasaTaureblad. 

2. gaixsene saqarTvelosa da msoflios istoriidan cnobili Sereuli (dinastiuri) 

qorwinebebi? 

3. airCie interviudan is kiTxvebi, romlebic yvelaze mniSvnelovnad migaCnia 

da daasabuTe Seni arCevani. 

4. intervius safuZvelze gansazRvre, ra aris Sereuli ojaxis yvelaze rTuli 

problema da SesTavaze misi gadaWris Seneuli gzebi. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra istoriuli movlenebi axdenda gavlenas 

Sereuli qorwinebebis dinamikaze? 

41 

ojaxi

42 

ojaxi 

11. erTi quCa marneulSi 

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo sxvadasxva eTnikuri da religiuri 

jgufis Tanacxovrebis tradiciebi marneulSi XX saukunis bolos? 

wyaro 1. marneulis raioni XX saukunis bolos 


სახელმიფო საზღვაჽი 

ჽაიონული საზღვაჽი 

სამხაჽეო ენჽი 

ჽაიონული ენჽი 

სოფელი 

ბოლნისი 

მდ. ხჽამ ი 

მდ. მაშავეჽა 

ბ ო ლ ნ ი ს ი ს რ ა ი ო ნ ი 

ახქეჽფი 

ს 

davaleba 1: 

ოფჽეთი 

მდ. ალგეთი 

თ ე თ რ ი წ ყ ა რ ო ს რ ა ი ო 

მდ. შულავეჽი 

სადახლო 

ხოჯოჽნი 

ნ ი 

თამაჽისი 

შაუმიანი 

გ ა რ დ ა ბ ნ ი ს რ ა ი ო ნ ი 

ყიზილ-აჯლო 

შულავეჽი 

მარნეული 

ალგეთი 

მდ. დებედა 

ქაფანახჩი 

ოჽჯონიკიძე 

ქუჽთლაჽი 

კასუმლო 

ყაჩაღანი 

ო მ ხ ე თ ი 

მარნეულის რაიონი 

ქვემო ყულაჽი 

რუსთავი 

მდ. ალგეთი 

მდ. ხჽამი 

1. gansazRvre, romel raionebs da ucxo qveynebs esazRvreba marneulis raioni? 

2. ra gavlenas axdens raionis amgvari mdebareoba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis 

erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobebze? 

მდ. მკვაჽი 

გარდაბანი 

ა ზ ე რ ბ ა ი ჯ ა ნ ი

wyaro 2. marneulis raionis mosaxleoba 

eTnikuri 

Semadgenloba 

1979 1989 2002 

azerbaijanelebi 72965/72,6% 91923/76,3% 98245/79% 

qarTvelebi ? ? 9503 / 8% 

somxebi ? ? 9329 / 7,9% 

berZnebi ? ? 396 / 0,3% 

rusebi ? ? 523 / 0,4% 

sxva ? ? 112 / 0,1% 

saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti 

davaleba 2: 

1. gaixsene, ra cvlilebebi moxda saqarTveloSi 1980-90-ian wlebSi? 

2. daalage es cvlilebebi qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT. 

3. Seiswavle cxrili da ivaraude, ra iyo marneulis raionis mosaxleobis 

eTnikuri Semadgenlobis cvlilebis mizezebi. 

wyaro 3. pirveli eklesia da pirveli meCeTi marneulSi rusTavelis quCaze 

daviT aRmaSeneblis eklesia (1999-2000) meCeTi (1998-2000) 

davaleba 3: 

axseni, ra procesebze metyvelebs am sakulto nagebobebis mSeneblobis Tari- 

Rebi? 

43 

ojaxi

44 

ojaxi 

wyaro 4. qarTul-azerbaijanuli ojaxis tradiciebi 

_ sad gaicaniT erTmaneTi? 

_ institutis damTavrebis 

Semdeg orivem daviwyeT muSaoba 

bolnisis raionis sofel 

akaurtaSi da swored iq gavicaniT 

erTmaneTi. 1950 wels 

davqorwindiT. gvyavs 9 SviliSvili, 

6 SvilTaSvili. 

_ aRniSnavT Tu ara qristianul 

da muslimur dResaswaulebs? 

_ aravin aravis uSlis aRniSnos 

nacionaluri da religiuri 

dResaswaulebi. magaliTad, Cven vzeimobT `novruz-bairam~, romelic 

gazafxulis mosvlis simboloa. dResaswaulamde 4 kviriT adre yovel ojaxSi 

TefSze yrian xorbals da svel dolbands afareben, rom gaRvivdes da gauSvas 

fesvebi, Semdeg amodis pirveli mwvane aRmonaceni _ gazafxulis mauwyebeli. 20 

da 21 marts xorbals saxelwodebiT `semeni~ kraven wiTeli bafTiT, amzadeben 

tradiciul flavs, „semeni“ garSemo yrian Txils da tkbileuls da anTeben 

imden sanTels, ramdeni kacic aris ojaxSi. ymawvilebi da gogonebi agdeben 

karebqveS qudebs da Casafrebulebi elodebian, roca maT qudebs tkbileuliT 

aavseben. saRamoTi ki ikribebian didi koconis garSemo, mRerian, cekvaven, egebebian 

gazafxuls. roca koconi bJutvas iwyebs, axtebian mas. 

Cven erTad avRniSnavT saero da ojaxur dResaswaulebs _ muslimurs da 

qristianuls. sufraze tradiciuli qarTuli da azerbaijanuli kerZebia, vmReriT, 

vcekvavT erTad. 

interviu marneulSi rusTavelis quCaze mcxovreb, qarTvel mariam artemis asul 

TarxniSvilze daqorwinebul, mamed abdula oRli mamedovTan, 

Caiweres nargiz nabievam da eliura alievam, 2009 wlis 5 aprili. 

davaleba 4: 

1. Seni azriT, mamedovebis ojaxSi novruz-bairams religiuri dResaswaulis 

mniSvnelobiT zeimoben, Tu mas ufro saojaxo dResaswaulis mniSvneloba 

aqvs? 

2. moZebne wyaroSi 4 Seni mosazrebis damadasturebeli sityvebi.

wyaro 5. azerbaijanul-berZnuli ojaxis tradiciebi 

_ Tqven qristiani brZandebiT, 

qmari - mahmadiani. ra rwmenas misdeven 

Tqveni Svilebi? 

_ samTave Svili mahmadianebad 

aRvzardeT. 

_ aRniSnavT Tu ara qristianul 

da muslimur dResaswaulebs? 

_ diax, aRvniSnavT. erT-er- 

Ti yvelaze didi qristianuli 

dResaswaulia _ aRdgomis 

dResaswauli, anu qristes na- 

Teli kviradRe. is ganekuTvneba 

egreT wodebul gardamaval 

dResaswaulebs da aRiniSneba pirvel kviradRes gazafxulis savse mTvaris 

Semdeg, romelic gazafxulis buniaobis Semdeg dgeba. aRdgomisTvis mzadeba 

iwyeba didi marxvis pirveli dReebidan. yovel ojaxSi TefSebze Tesaven xorbals, 

romelic dResaswaulisTvis aRmonacendeba. dResaswaulze Rebaven kvercxebs, 

acxoben paskas, midian eklesiaSi. 

sanam vaJi muslim cols moiyvanda, Cven ufro aRdgomas avRniSnavdiT, axla 

ki avRniSnavT `novruz-bairams~. 

davaleba 5: 

interviu marneulSi mcxovreb azerbaijanel aiaT ismailis Ze ismailovze 

gaTxovil, wavkisis mkvidrTan berZen maria porfiriadisTan, 

Caiweres nargiz nabievam da eliura alievam, 2009 wlis 6 aprili. 

1. gaaanalize wyaro 5: 

a) axseni, riT iyo ganpirobebuli is faqti, rom im ojaxSi, sadac yvela mamakaci 

muslimia, aRniSnavdnen aRdgomas? 

b) ganixile, ra religiuri tradiciebi Camoyalibda am ojaxSi? 

2. wyaroebSi 4 da 5 mocemuli fotosuraTebis mixedviT, Seadare, ra aris 

saerTo am ori religiuri dResaswaulis aRniSvnis tradiciaSi? 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra aris marneulSi sxvadasxva eTnikuri 

Tu religiuri jgufis urTierTobis damaxasiaTebeli niSani? 

45 

ojaxi

46 

ojaxi 

12. xalxTa `WianWvelebis bude~ 

CaqvSi 

sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom eZaxian Caqvs xalxTa `WianWvelebis budes~? 

wyaro 1. ucxoeli mecnieri kavkasiis mosaxleobis Sesaxeb 

kavkasiis mxare mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT udavod dedamiwis uSesaniSnaves 

kuTxed unda vcnoT. misma geografiulma mdebareobam evropisa da aziis Sesayarze, 

...eTnografiulma da istoriulma niSandoblivma Taviseburebebma [...] Seu- 

Zlebelia interesi ar aRgviZras [...] Zveli qveynis adamianTa rasebi, aziidan 

evropisaken rom miedinebodnen, kavkasiaze an mis gverdiT Caiqrolebdnen da aq 

tovebdnen TavianT axalSenebs, romlebic Semdeg erTmaneTsa da adgilobriv 

mosaxleobaSi iTqvifebodnen da uamrav calkeul erovnebas qmniddnen. swored 

amitom ewoda kavkasias xalxTa `WianWvelebis bude~. 

k.riteri, miwismflobelTa istoria, wignSi: d. baqraZe, arqeologiuri mogzauroba 

guriasa da aWaraSi, Tbilisi, 1864, gv. 1. 

wyaro 2. rogor iqmneboda Caqvi 

a) sofel CaqvSi wvimisagan Tavi SevafareT fleTili qvis did orsarTulian 

saxls, romelic kramitiT iyo daxuruli, rogorc saukeTeso saxlebis umetesoba. 

[...] es saxli ekuTvnoda agilobriv memamules xusein-beg beJan-oRlis 

anu beJaniSvils [...] saxlis gverdiT iyo mdidari da sakmaod vrceli Celtikis, 

anu brinjis yana, romelic xusein-begs wliurad 300 qisa Semosavals aZlevs. 

dimitri baqraZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 18. 

b) ruseTis saimperatoro ojaxs mTels imperiaSi didZali mamulebi hqonda 

mflobelobaSi, romlis marTvisTvis Seqmnili iyo specialuri saufliswulo uwyeba. 

... XIX saukunis 80-90-ian wlebSi saufliswulo uwyebis moxeleebis arCevani 

Caqvis xeobaze SeCerda, rac SemTxveviTi ar yofila. xeobis saerTo farTobi 

16378 desetinas aRwevda, sadac 205 komli cxovrobda. mTels olqSi Caqvis xeoba 

nayofieri miwebiT gacilebiT mdidari iyo, xolo mosaxleoba _ SedarebiT mcire. 

o. TurmaniZe, saadgilmamulo urTierTobebi samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi 

osmalTa batonobis xanaSi, baTumi, 2001, gv. 119. 

g) saufliswulo uwyeba CaqvSi mamulebis SeZenas 1894 wels Seudga. jer e.w. 

saxazino miwebi daisakuTra, Semdeg muhajirTa mitovebul miwebs daepatrona. 

qcsa, f.130, a.1.s.184. 

d) CaqvSi 1951 wlidan vcxovrob. aq adre Waobi iyo. gavrcelebuli iyo malaria. 

Tavdapirvelad, am teritoriebze (oRond ufro SemaRlebul adgilebze) 

rusma maRalCinosnebma agarakebi aiSenes. maxsovs ramdenime gvari _ voroncovi, 

popovi, soloviovi, solovcovi da baTumis botanikuri baRis damaarsebeli 

krasnovi. swored maT Camoiyvanes Cinelebi lao jinjaos xelmZRvanelobiT. 

igi CaqvSi 1926 wlamde cxovrobda. misma Svilma meuRled Caqvis Cais sabWo- 

Ta meurneobis direqtoris zaqaria TuSmaliSvilis qaliSvili SeirTo. muSaxeli 

mimdebare soflebidan CamohyavdaT, Semdeg ukve daiwyes sxvadasxva ju-

is adamianebis Camosaxleba. gaWirvebuli adamianebi sixaruliT modiodnen 

da asrulebdnen umZimes samuSaos, oRond lukma-puri hqonodaT. xalxi saerTo 

sacxovrebelSi cxovrobda da samuSaoc sezonuri xasiaTis iyo. Semdeg, nawili 

mudmivad dasaxlda... ase davsaxldiT erTad... 

interviu Caqvis mcxovrebTan vaxtang kutubiZesTan, 83 wlis, 

Caiwera madona miqelaZem, 2009 wlis 22 dekemberi. 

wyaro 3. Caqvis mravaleTnikuri mosaxleobis Sesaxeb 

CaqvSi 1949 wlidan vcxovrob. aq 14 erovnebis adamianebi iyvnen dasaxlebuli: 

qarTvelebi (qristianebi da muslimebi), rusebi, berZnebi, somxebi, ukrainelebi, 

azerbaijanelebi, qurTebi, bulgarelebi, latvielebi, litvelebi, estonelebi, 

uzbekebi, CeCnebi, osebi, moldovelebi... CaqvSi xalxi masobrivad 1930-ian wleb- 

Si Camoasaxles, roca ruseTSi saSineli SimSili iyo. sabWoTa periodSi aq 

qalTa kolonia * iyo. is Senoba dResac SemorCenilia. swored maT amuSavebdnen 

Waobis amosaSrobad da Cais plantaciebis gasaSeneblad. dro gadioda. xalxi 

TandaTan saerTo sacxovreblebidan binebSi gadaiyvanes. maT sakuTari meurneobebic 

moiwyves. 1960-iani wlebidan ukve kerZo saxlebic gaCnda. 

interviu Caqvis mcxovrebTan, meore msoflio omis veteranTan, 88 wlis 

akaki beWvaiasTan, Caiwera madona miqelaZem, 2009 wlis 22 dekemberi. 

wyaro 4. Caqvis Cais meurneobis muSebi, 1949 w. 

wyaro 5. ,,gamomyevi, gogo colad...!”, Caqvi, 1965 w. 

* kolonia _ qalTa sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebuleba. 

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wyaro 6. oficialuri statistikuri monacemebi Caqvis mosaxleobis 

Sesaxeb 

2009 wlis aRweriT, mosaxleobis raodenoba CaqvSi 10 567 adamians Seadgens. 

maTgan daaxloebiT 2500-ze meti macxovrebeli sxva erovnebisaa. mosaxleobis 

eTnikuri Semadgenloba ase gamoiyureba: qarTvelebi, rusebi, somxebi, berZnebi, 

ukrainelebi, bulgarelebi, CeCnebi, azerbaijanelebi, osebi, moldovelebi, 

latvielebi, litvelebi. 

davaleba 1: 

Caqvis gamgeobis mier mowodebuli informacia, 2009 wlis 10 aprili. 

1. wyaroebSi 2 (a, b, g, d) da 3 mocemul informaciaSi xazi gausvi sakvanZo 

sityvebs, romlebic xsnis XX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi CaqvSi mosaxleobis 

Casaxlebis mizezebs. 

2. axseni, miuxedavad sirTuleebisa, ratom gadawyvites CaqvSi droebiT Casaxlebulma 

adamianebma iq darCena? 

3. wyaroebis 1-6 da mixedviT, romel yvelaze saintereso faqtebs gamoiyenebdi 

Caqvis Sesaxeb narkvevis _ `me Tavs ucxod ar miviCnev~ dawerisas? 

wyaro 7. CaqvSi turizmis ganviTarebisa da misi Sedegebis Sesaxeb 

a) turizmi mosaxleobis axal talRas uyris saTaves: aq uamravi adamiani 

Camodis; sxvadasxva erovnebis, sxvadasxva religiis. nawili uZrav qonebas 

iZens da saxldeba, zogi sezonurad, zogi ki mudmivad. Caqvis mosaxleobis 

Wreli Semadgenloba ar Semcirebula, piriqiT, ufro ,,gaWrelda“. daematnen 

Turqebi, Cinelebi, arabebi da sxva. Tumca Cinelebi aq adrec cxovrobdnen... 

b) mSvidobiani Tanacxovreba, TavisTavad, turizmis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels, 

maSasadame, mosaxleobis ekonomikur gaZlierebas. es ori faqtori urTierTgadajaWvulia 

da erTis dakargva meores ganadgurebas iwvevs. 

interviu Caqvis mcxovreb istorikos i. gorgilaZesTan, Caiwera madona miqelaZem, 

2009 wlis 15 dekemberi. 

davaleba 2: 

1. wyaro 7-is mixedviT, gansazRvre, ra aris avtorisaTvis mTavari sxvadasxva 

erovnebis adamianebis TanacxovrebaSi?

wyaro 8. Caqvelebi TavianTi dasaxlebis Sesaxeb 

a) v. torosiani, 74 wlis: CaqvSi arasodes momxdara konfliqti eTnikur Tu religiur 

niadagze. Cven ar gvqonia imis SegrZneba, rom gansxvavebulebi varT 

erTmaneTisagan. erTad vcxovrobdiT e.w. barakebSi (maSin kerZo saxlebi an 

aseTi sacxovrebeli korpusebi ar iyo) da Wirsa da lxins erTmaneTs vuziarebdiT. 

b) o. WaRaliZe, 63 wlis: me ar maxsovs dapirispirebis arc erTi faqti. Cven 

ar varT konfliqturebi. meorec, yvelas erTnairad gviWirda. aq Camosuli 

yvela adamiani Tanaswori iyo gaWirvebisa da malariiT sikvdilis winaSe. 

vis ecala gansxvavebis moZebnisasTvis? 

g) i. fiodorovi, 40 wlis: Tavs ar vgrZnob ucxod da Tu minda Caqvidan 

wasvla, es mxolod ekonomikuri faqtoridan gamomdinare, magram ara samudamod!!! 

1990-ian wlebSi, roca daixura Cais fabrikebi, funqcionireba 

Sewyvita Caisa da citrusebis meurneobam, Caqvi masiurad datoves rusebma, 

berZnebma, somxebma da a.S. iciT, ramdeni dabrunda ukan? bevri. iciT, 

ratom? maT versad ver ipoves is siTbo, megobroba da urTierTTanadgoma, 

rogoric CvenTan viciT. 

davaleba 3: 

interviu CaqvelebTan, Caiwera madona miqelaZem, 2009 wlis 5 marti. 

1. wyaroSi 8 (a, b, g) ipove fraza, romelsac gamoiyenebdi Caqvze statiis sa- 

Taurad. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra aris saWiro imisaTvis, rom adamianebi 

mSvidobianad cxovrobdnen mravaleTnikur qalaqSi? 

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13. udiebi XX saukunis 

qarTul garemoSi 

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen udiebi XX saukunis qarTul 

garemoSi? 

wyaro 1. udiebis gansaxleba sabWoTa kavSirSi 1989 wlis aRweris 

mixedviT 

wyaro 2. udiebis raodenoba ssrk-Si 1989 wlisaTvis 

azerbaijani 6125 TurqmeneTi 32 

ruseTi 1102 tajikeTi 31 

saqarTvelo 793 moldaveTi 16 

yazaxeTi 366 belorusia 15 

ukraina 109 latvia 15 

uzbekeTi 46 yirgizeTi 2 

statistikuri monacemebi aRebulia wignidan: g. Cavadovi, udilari, baqo, 1999 (rus.).

wyaro 3. udiebis gansaxleba sabWoTa kavSirSi XX saukuneSi 

udiebis gansaxlebis dinamika sabWoTa kavSirsa da saqarTveloSi 

10000 

9000 

8000 

7000 

6000 

5000 

4000 

3000 

2000 

1000 

0 

2500 

0 

3700 

0 

5900 

800 

7000 

8652 

1926 w. 1959 w. 1970 w. 1979 w. 1989 w. 2002 w. 

800 

793 

udiebi ssrk-Si 

udiebi 


diagrama Sedgenilia statistikuri monacemebis safuZvelze wignidan „eTnosebi 

saqarTveloSi“, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 210–211. 

wyaro 4. udiebis Sesaxeb 

a) 1920-1922 wlebSi azerbaijanelebsa da somxebs Soris saSineli omi, xocva- 

Jleta daiwyo. mamam, cnobilma sazogado moRvawem, udi xalxi moarida iqaurobas 

da, saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebiT, saqarTveloSi Camoasaxla. 

maT Soris iyvnen somxebi da erTi germanul-ukrainuli ojaxi. 

interviu leila zinovis asul silikaSvilTan, 81 wlis, Caiwera n. agasaSvilma, 

2009 wlis 4 ivnisi. 

b) udi xalxi kompaqturad dasaxlebulia mxolod sam sofelSi, romelTagan 

oriAazerbaijanis teritoriaze mdebareobs _ varTaSeni da niji, xolo erTi 

saqarTveloSi – zinobiani (yvarlis raioni). udma xalxma, miuxedavad mravali 

Wir-varamisa, qristianuli rwmena da mSobliuri ena dRemde Semoinaxa. 

davaleba 1: 

evgeni jeiraniSvili, udiuri ena, Tb., 1971, gv. 3. 

1. wyaroebis 1, 2 daxmarebiT: 

a) gaarkvie, sabWoTa kavSiris romel respublikebSi ar cxovrobdnen udiebi? 

b) daasaxele, romel respublikaSi cxovrobs yvelaze meti udi da axseni, 

Seni azriT, ratom? 

2. wyaro 3-is mixedviT: 

a) daadgine udiebis raodenobis cvlilebis tendencia sabWoTa kavSirsa da 

saqarTveloSi; 

b) ivaraude am tendenciebis mizezebi. 

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wyaro 5. udi sazogado moRvawis z. silikaSvilis 1924 wlis 22 aprilis 

mimar Tva ganaTlebis saxalxo komisars: 

saCqarod da sayuradRebod ganaTlebis 

saxalxo komisars (stili daculia) 

asli saqarTvelos: 

1. aRmasrulebel centralur komitets 

2. saxalxo komisarTa sabWos 

3. komunisturi partiis centralur 

komitets 

4. axalgazrdaTa komkavSiris centralur 

komitets 

5. profesiuli kavSiris prezidiums 

6. bavSvTa TavSesafaris komitets da 

7. gazeT `komunistis~ redaqcias 

udiebis axal sofelSi daarsdes axali 

tipis sasoflo skola Svidwledi, 

msgavsad germanuli sasoflo skolisa, 

saca sasoflo skolaSi moswavle iswavlis 

Svid wels, dReSi ki imecadinebs 

Svid saaTs. sam saaTs swavlobs zogad 

sagnebs – sazogadod ganaTlebisas, oTx 

saaTs ki fizikurad Sromas da varjiSobs 

skolis sazogadod mowyobil fermaSi, 

bostanSi, venaxSi, safutkreSi da sxva. 

davaleba 2: 

udi sazogado moRvawe 

z. silikaSvili 

saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis centraluri arqivi f. 300, ad1 17106, gv. 56. 

imsjele, wyaro 5-is mixedviT, rogori pirobebi Seiqmna saqarTveloSi 1920ian 

wlebSi udi axalgazrdobis ganviTarebisaTvis, maTi gadasaxlebis Semdeg? 

wyaro 6. udiebis warmomadgenlebi 

davaleba 3: 

XX saukunis 30-iani wlebi, Zmebi beJaniSvilebi. 

marcxniv, eqimi mixeili, marjvniv mewarme, agurkeramikis 

qarxnis direqtori, Salva, SuaSi 

diplomati, griSa, skkp ck-is baltiispireTis 

qveynebis ganyofilebis gamge. 

e. neSumaSvili, vin arian udinebi, Tb., 2 02, gv. 94 

imsjele, ra faqtorebma Seuwyo xeli, rom udiebi sazogadoebis aqtiuri 

wevrebi gamxdariyvnen?

wyaro 7. udiuri damwerlobisa da enis Sesaxeb 

a. albanuri * damwerlobis nimuSi 

interviudan profesor zaza aleqsi- 

ZesTan, Caiwera n. agasaSvilma, 

Jurnali „Tbiliselebi“, #6, 2003. 

b. udiuri enis problema 

dRes-dReobiT sofel zinobianSi 

TiTqmis aravin saubrobs udiurad. 

yvela laparakobs qarTulad, radgan 

yovel ojaxSi aris qarTveli 

rZali an qarTveli siZe. ase dro- 

Ta ganmavlobaSi udiuri ena daikargeba. 

amitom saWiroa, rom adamianebma, 

romlebic kargad flo ben 

enas, gamoiyenon swavlebis Tanamedrove 

saSualebebi da udiu ri enis 

swavlebis kursi Seadginon. 

interviu leila aleqsandres as. 

silikaSvilTan, 72 wlis, Caiwera 

n. agasaSvilma, 2009 wlis 7 ivnisi. 

davaleba 4: 

imsjeleT, ra gziT axerxeben udiebi TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas? 

wyaro 8. sagnebi, romlebsac udiebi Tanamedrove skolaSi swavloben 

# sagani I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX jami 

1 qarTuli ? ? 7 8 9 8 9 42 

2 maTematika 5 6 4 4 4 4 4 31 

3 rusuli ena 3 3 3 3 3 15 

inglisuri ena 1 1 5 6 6 4 4 27 

4 istoria 2 2 3 3 4 14 

geografia 1 2 3 3 9 

samoqalaqo 2 2 

5 fizika 2 2 4 

qimia 

biologia 

6 fiz.aRzrda 

xelovneba 

musika 

Sroma 

7 istoria 

udiuri ena 

religiis istoria da kultura 

davaleba 5: 

1. gaecani wyaros 8. ra enebs swavloben sofel zinobianis Tanamedrove skolaSi? 

gaakeTe daskvna saaTobrivi badis Sedarebis safuZvelze. 

2. imsjeleT, ramdenad xels uwyobs aseTi ganaTleba imas, rom udi mozardi 

Tanamedrove sazogadoebis sruluflebiani wevri gaxdes? 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra faqtorebs SeuZlia mcirericxovani 

xalxebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis xelSeuwyoba? 

* sinas mTaze aRmoCenili xelnaweris safuZvelze, mecnierebma daaskvnes, rom albanuri da udiuri 

damwerloba erTi da igivea. 

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14. qistebi XX saukunis 


sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor aRiqvams qistebs Tanamedrove qarTuli sazogadoeba? 

wyaro 1. xanSi Sesuli qisti mamakacebi 

wyaro 2. qisti mwerali sakuTari xalxis Sesaxeb 

jer kidev XX saukunis 90-ian wlebamde cota vinmem Tu icoda, rom pankisSi 

cxovrobda CeCnuri warmoSobis xalxi, romelic mama-papur adaT-wesebs misdevs. 

aqvs mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli mentaliteti, gamoirCeva gamokveTili 

stumar-maspinZlobiT, maRal-moraluri da zneobrivi etiketiT. am xalxis warmomadgenlebs 

pankisSi ewerebaT qisti. magram aseTi erovneba saqarTveloSic 

da sabWoTa kavSirSic arsad fiqsirdeba. mosaxleobis aRwerisas, erovnebis 

grafaSi qisti iwereboda, mSobliuri ena _ qarTuli, amitom qarTvelebad 

aRiwerebodnen. skolaSi vaJa-fSavelas poemebis personaJi qistebi ise aRiqmebodnen 

qarTveli moswavleebis SegnebaSi, rogorc qarTveli. arc muslimuri 

aRmsarebloba iwvevda gaucxoebas, radgan qarTvelTa zogierTi tomic (ingiloebi, 

fereidnelebi, aWarlebi) islams aRiarebdnen. oraswlianma cxovrebam 

saqarTveloSi, qarTulma kulturam iseTi Zlieri zegavlena iqonia CeCnur 

tomze, rom Camoyalibda CeCnur-qarTuli eTnosi, romelic TavisSi atarebda 

rogorc qarTul, ise CeCnur kulturas. 

xaso xangoSvili, qistebi (istoriul-popularuli narkvevi), 

Tb., 2005, gv. 9-10.

wyaro 3. qarTveli mwerali qistebis Sesaxeb 

arc Cven varT fanatikosi qristianebi da arc qistebi arian fanatikosi 

muslimanebi. Cven yvelani mainc warmarTi mTiulebi varT. qistebSi nadirobis 

dros ar maxsovs vinmes uari eTqvas qarTuli Rvinis dalevaze. pankisel qistebze 

xom zedmetia saubari. qarTvelebisadmi guliT mindobilni, metwilad, qar- 

Tuli cxovrebis wess arian naziarebni. 

jer kidev mTaSi cxovrebis dros erTi znisa da xasiaTis xalxs, bevri 

ram hqonda saerTo. pankisSi Camosaxlebis Semdeg ki bevri ram SeiTvises baris 

qarTvelebisagan da gansxvavebulic bevri aRaraferi darCa imdenad, rom 

isini SesaZlebelia saqarTvelos erT tomadac movixsenioT. rogorc amas eTnografebi 

varaudoben, uxsovar dros gayrili maTi gzebi TiTqmis SeerTda. 

davaleba 1: 

interviu mweral besik xaranaulTan, 

Caiwera l. margoSvilma, 2009 wlis 27 Tebervali. 

1. wyaro 2-isa da 3-is mixedviT daaxasiaTe qistebi: a) religiuri; b) eTnikuri; 

g) teritoriuli niSnebis mixedviT. 

2. saskolo programidan daasaxele vaJa-fSavelas poemebi, romelTa persona- 

Jebi qistebi arian. 

3. ganixile qistebisa da xevsurebis saerTo wes-Cveulebebi vaJa-fSavelas poemebis 

mixedviT. 

4. ipove wyaroebSi 2 da 3 informacia, romelic adasturebs qistebisa da 

qarTvelebis saerTo wes-Cveulebebs. 

wyaro 4. qistebis sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb 

a) pankisis xeobaSi mcxovrebi duiselebi amJamad mahmadianur sarwmunoebas 

aRiareben. qristianul Cveu lebas, romelic gamahmadianebamde hqondaT da aRiarebdnen 

mainc kidev ar sTmoben. 

dRemde did dResaswaulad aqvT darCenili „nijuai“, „ooRua“ da „sinii“, 

romlebic eTanxmeba qristianul dResaswaulebs: Sobas, aRdgomasa da naTlis- 

Reba-wyalkurTxevas. 

informacia maTe albuTaSvilis wignidan, „pankisis xeoba“, Tb., 2005. 

55 

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b) minareTi duisSi da mariam RvTismSoblis eklesia joyoloSi (pankisis 

xeoba) 

g) interviu pankisis xeobis sofel joyoloSi mariam RvTismSoblis eklesiis 

momvlel lado cxadaZesTan 

l batono lado, Tqven qarTuli warmoSobis brZandebiT. gviTxariT Tqvens 

Sesaxeb, ramdeni xania pankisSi cxovrobT? 

– marTalia, Cemi winaprebi imereTidan arian da warmoSobiT qarTveli var. 

Cemi didi papa biWia cxadaZe Terjolis raionidan yofila. mas kaci Semoakvda 

da iZulebuli gaxda imereTi daetovebina da kaxeTSi gadmosuliyo. axmetaSi 

miwebi SeiZina, mataneli qalic SeirTo da aq dasaxlda. eyola ori vaJiSvili 

arCili da vaso da sami qaliSvili. orive biWma sasuliero ganaTleba miiRo. 

saswavleblis dasrulebis Semdeg vaso ganaweses joyolos mariam RvTismSoblis 

saxelobis eklesiaSi da maTe albuTaSvilTan erTad diakvnad msaxurobda. 

Cvenc swored misi STamomavlebi varT. 

l dRes Tqven romeli aRmsareblobis xarT? 

– me winaprebis religia SenarCunebuli maqvs da qristiani var. meuRle qisti 

myavs da muslimia. oTxi Svili myavs ori maTgani qristiania, ori ki muslimi. 

l sainteresoa, ojaxSi romel religiur dResaswaulebs aRniSnavT? 

_ yvela dResaswauli mixaria da maTi aRniSvnac msiamovnebs. rogorc qristianul, 

ise muslimur dResaswaulebs aRvniSnavT.

Cemi religiis gamo aravis Sevuwuxebivar. muslimebi duisidan, joyolodan 

CemTan xSirad saxlSi mosulan, erTad gviqeifia, gvimegobria. arc aqedan wasvlis 

survili gamCenia rodisme, miuxedavad imisa, rom Cvens imerel naTesavebs 

mivageniT da iq Cveni didi papis oda _ saxlic Zveleburi saxiT SenarCunebuli 

dagvxvda. me aqaur xalxs kargad Sevewyve. 

d) interviu joyoloSi mcxovreb, imereli diakvanis vaso cxadaZis STamomavalTan 

vaxtang cxadaZesTan 

l batono vaxtang, warmogvidgineT Tqveni Tavi. 

– me var imeruli warmoSobis kaci, myavs meuRle da xuTi Svili, xuTives 

mivaRebine umaRlesi ganaTleba, samma maTganma javaxiSvilis universiteti war- 

CinebiT daamTavra. axla var 79 wlis. pankisSi Cemi papa movida pirvelad, diakvanad 

moRvaweobda joyolos eklesiaSi,SeirTo qisti qali da mec misi STamomavali 

var. 

l Tqveni winaprebi qristianebi iyvnen, Tqven ra aRmsareblobis xarT? 

– me musulmani var. Cemi xuTive Svilic muslimia, kacs erTi rjulis unda 

swamdes.an unda iyos qristianulad monaTluli an musulmurad. me Cemi surviliT 

miviRe islami, ZaliT miRebuli rwmena rwmena ar aris. 

l ojaxSi romeli religiis dResaswaulebs aRniSnavT? 

– islamur dResaswaulebs, ise ki, ra Tqma unda. aRdgomis dros SeiZleba 

rame kerZi, saWmeli damzaddes. 

l dRevandeli gadasaxedidan rogor fiqrobT, qarTveli xarT, Tu qisti? 

– marTalia imereli var modgmiT, magram amJamad qisti var. pasportSi ki miweria 

qarTveli, magram laparaki, zne-Cveuleba, adaT-wesebi, yvelanairi miqcevmoqceva, 

gaTxov-gamoTxoveba yvelaferi mahmadianuri wesis mixedviT gvaqvs. 

am xalxma unda damkrZalos da damasaflavos. 

davaleba 2: 

interviu Caiwera l. margoSvilma, 2009 wlis 15 oqtomberi. 

1. axseni, wyaro 4-is safuZvelze, ras efuZneba qristianebisa da muslimebis 

urTierToba sofel joyoloSi? 

a) Seadare wyaro 4-is interviuebi da daadgine ra naTesauri kavSiria lado 

da vaxtang cxadaZeebs Soris? 

b) riT axsni pankiseli qistebis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas _ SeinarCunon 

winaparTa sarwmunoeba an piriqiT, miiRon axali sarwmunoeba? 

2. Camoayalibe kavkasiis xalxebis saerTo wes-Cveulebebisa da mentalitetis 

Camoyalibebis mizezebi. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: eTnikuri, religiuri da enobrivi 

siWrele – kavkasiuri kulturis simdidrea Tu problemebis wyaro? 

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15. espaneli bebiis istoria 

sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom iqca saqarTvelo samSoblod espaneTidan 

evakuirebuli bavSvebisaTvis? 

wyaro 1. vikipedia francisko frankos Sesaxeb 

1936 wlis 18 ivliss espaneTSi daiwyo samoqalaqo omi. msxvili qalaqebis umravlesobaSi 

saxalxo frontis winaaRmdeg samxedroebma frankos meTaurobiT moawyes 

amboxeba, Sedegad `swrafi gamarjveba~ ver ganxorcielda. orive mxarem daiwyo àraswor 

mxares moxvedrili~ Tavisi politikuri mowinaaRmdegeebis daxvreta. 

vikipedia, francisko franko 

wyaro 2. qarTuli presa espaneTis movlenebis Sesaxeb 

germaneli da italieli faSistebi espaneTSi Sevidnen espaneli faSistebis 

dasaxmareblad. 

gazeTi `komunisti~, agvisto, 1936 w. 

davaleba 1: 

xazi gausvi wyaroebSi 1 da 2 im istoriul movlenebs, romlebmac frankos 

reJimis mowinaaRmdegeebs samSoblos datoveba aiZula. 

wyaro 3. didi sabWoTa enciklopedia espaneTis movlenebis Sesaxeb 

mTel msoflioSi gaCaRda espanel respublikelTa solidarobis moZraoba. 

ssr kavSirma espaneTis respublikas aRmouCina mravalmxrivi daxmareba. icavda 

espaneli xalxis interesebs èrTa ligaSi~, gzavnida espaneTSi sakveb produqtebs, 

aseve sxvadasxva saxis SeiaraRebas. espaneTSi ibrZoda 2000-ze meti 

sabWoTa moxalise, ZiriTadad tankistebi da mfrinavebi. 

didi sabWoTa enciklopedia, t.10, gv.504, sveti 1500. 

wyaro 4. skp(b) ck-is * politbiuros dadgenileba, oqmi #51, 1937, 5 agvisto: 

miviRoT asturieli [espaneTis erT-erTi regioni _red.] bavSvebi _ 1000 adamiani. 

bavSvebis miRebis organizacia daevalos amx. eJovs ** . 

i.b. stalini 

wyaro 5. ssrk saxkomsabWos 1937 wlis 16 seqtembris dadgenileba 

1. espaneli bavSvebis ganTavsebis, aRzrdisa da swavlebis, administraciulsameurneo 

momsaxurebis mTeli samuSao daekisros saxkomsabWos, saxkomebis 

piradi pasuxismgeblobiT 

2. samedicino momsaxureba dawesebulebebisa, sadac imyofebian espaneli bav- 

Svebi, daevalos ssr kavSiris jandacvis saxalxo komisariats 

3. araugvianes 15 oqtombrisa espaneli bavSvebis adgilsamyofeli, romelic ar Seesabameba 

saswavlo miznebs, Seicvalos amisaTvis gankuTvnili dawesebulebebiT. 

ssrk-is narkomsabWos Tavmjdomare molotovi 

davaleba 2: 

gansazRvre, wyaroebis 3-5 mixedviT, ra daxmarebas uwevda sabWoTa kavSiri 

respublikur espaneTs, ra iyo am daxmarebis mizezebi da miznebi? 

* skp(b) ck _ sakavSiro komunisturi partiis (bolSevikebisa) centraluri komiteti. 

** nikoloz eJovi _ sabWoTa saxelmwifo da politikuri moRvawe.

wyaro 6. espaneli bavSvebisa da pedagogebis erT-erTi pirveli nakadi 

saerTaSoriso pionerTa banakSi (arteki, ukraina) 

luis fernandesi, pirvel 

rigSi marcxnidan 

meoTxe. mogvianebiT igi 

cxovrobda da moRvaweobda 

saqarTveloSi. 

davaleba 3: 

ivaraude, wyaro 6-is mixedviT, rogor grZnobdnen espaneli bavSvebi Tavs 

sabWoTa kavSirSi. 

wyaro 7. espaneli bebiis Tavgadasavali 

dedaCemis deda, tereza sagarsasu garmendia, daibada espaneTSi. misi mama 

nikasio sagarsasu gem `pilaios~ kapitani iyo. mas mWidro kavSiri hqonda komunistur 

dajgufebasTan. 1936 wels igi frankistebma daxvrites, xolo deda _ 

xosefina garmendia, RvTis wyalobiT, gadarCa. mas sami Svili darCa. 1937 wels 

daiwyo espaneTidan bavSvebis evakuacia. bebiaCemi da misi da-Zma jer safrangeTSi, 

xolo iqidan gemiT `feliqs ZerJinskiT~ leningradSi aRmoCndnen.Ameore 

msoflio omis dros bavSvebi leningradis blokadaSi moyvnen. blokadis 

Semdeg bavSvebis nawili taSkentSi gadaiyvanes. aq erTi weli maT safeiqro saqmes 

aswavlidnen. am periodSi TbilisSi gaixsna sarTav-satrikotaJo kombinati. bebia- 

Cemi, misi da-Zma da sxva espanelebi, daaxloebiT 40-50-mde axalgazrda, kombinatSi 

samuSaod gagzavnes. konbinatSi bebiaCemma gaicno papaCemi _ gaioz aleqsandres Ze 

laliaSvili. maT SeuRleba gadawyvites. 

bebiaCemis sityvebidan vici, rom is moxvda araCveulebriv qarTul tradiciul 

ojaxSi, sadac mas didi siyvaruliTa da siTboTi Sexvdnen. aq iswavla man 

qarTuli ena da siyvaruli samSoblos mimarT. is Tavis samSoblod saqarTvelos 

miiCnevda da sul ambobda: `netav yvela qarTvels ise uyvardes saqarTvelo, 

rogorc me~. 

1952 wels espaneTis radiom gamoacxada sabWoTa kavSirSi gadayvanili 

cocxlad gadarCenili espaneli bavSvebis gvarebi. xozefina garmendiam mxolod 

maSin Seityo, rom misi samive Svili gadarCa. mas Semdeg Svilebis Zebna 

daiwyo da mxolod 1967 wels SeZlo maTTvis xmis miwvdena. 

interviu anuki maCaiZesTan, tereza sagarsasu garmendias SviliSvilTan, Caiwera 

naira mamukelaSvilma, 2010 wlis 20 maisi. 

davaleba 4: 

1. axseni, wyaroebis 1-7 safuZvelze, rogor moxvdnen tereza sagarsasu garmendia 

da misi Tanamemamuleebi saqarTveloSi? 

2. Seadgine yvela im movlenis qronologiuri cxrili, romlebic tereza sagarsasu 

garmendias beds Seexo. 

3. Camowere is uaryofiTi da dadebiTi movlenebi, romlebmac terezas bedi 

gansazRvra. 

59 

ojaxi

60 

ojaxi 

wyaro 8. bavSvebis evakuacia espaneTidan sabWoTa kavSirSi 1937 wels 

davaleba 5: 


სსრკ 

დედაქალაქი 

ქალაქი 

ფრანკოს რეჟიმი ესპანეთში 

ფინეთი 

ლენინგრადი 

ბავშვების ევაკუაცია ესპანეთიდან 

ნორვეგია 

საბჭოთა კავშირში 1937 წელს 

ესტონეთი 

მოსკოვი 

ბ ა ლ ტ ი ი ს ზ ღ ვ ა 

შვედეთი 

რესპუბლიკელები ესპანეთში 

ესპანელი ბავშვების ევაკუაციის 

მარშრუტი ზღვით 

ესპანელი ბავშვების გადაადგილება 

საბჭოთა კავშირის ტერიტორიაზე 

ლატვია 

დანია 

ლიტვა 

ჩრდილოეთის 

ზღვა 

რ ს ფ ს რ 

ბ ე ლ ო რ უ ს იის 

miuTiTe rukaze tereza sagarsasu garmendiasa da misi Tanamemamuleebis 

marSrutis ZiriTadi punqtebi. 

ს ს რ 

ირლანდია 

პოლონეთი 

დიდი 

ბრიტანეთი 

გერმანია 

ნიდერლანდები 

ბელგია 

ყ ა ზ ა ხ ე თ ი ს ს ს რ 

უ კ რ ა ი ნ ი ს ს ს რ 

ჩეხოსლოვაკია 

მოლდ. 

სსრ 

უნგრეთი 

ავსტრია 

შვეიცარია 

საფრანგეთი 

რუმინეთი 

კასპიის 

იუგოსლავია 

სანსებასტიანი 

შ ა ვ ი ზ ღ ვ ა 

ყირგიზეთის 

ზღვა 

თბილისი 

ბულგარეთი 

ალბანეთი 

სსრ 

ტაშკენტი 

თ უ რ ქ მ ე ნ ე თ ი ს ს ს რ 

უ ზ ბ ე კ ე თ ი ს ს ს რ 

ი ტ ა ლ ი ა 

საბერძნეთი თ უ რ ქ ე თ ი 

მადრიდი 

ტაჯიკეთის 

სსრ 

ე ს პ ა ნ ე თ ი 

პორტუგალია 

შ უ ა ზ ღ 

ხ მ ე ლ თ ა 

ვ ა

wyaro 9. „qarTveli espanelebi“ 

sarTav-satrikotaJo kombinatSi bevri espaneli muSaobda. umravlesobam Sereuli 

ojaxi Seqmna. saqarTveloSi kargad cnobili momRerali xose suaresi erTerTi 

aseTi Sereuli espanur-qarTuli ojaxis Svilia. igi qarTul filmSic iyo 

gadaRebuli ansambl „mziuris“ bavSvebTan erTad. rodesac kombinatSi raime RonisZieba 

imarTeboda, espanelebi aqtiur monawileobas iRebdnen. dario suaressa 

da luis fernandess vokaluri dueti hqondaT Camoyalibebuli da espanur simRerebs 

asrulebdnen. qarTul filmSi _ `Rimilis biWebi~ _ erT-erT epizodSi maTi 

simRera `bandera roxa~ JRers. luis fernandesi mxatvari iyo. igi kombinatis 

kulturis saxlSi bavSvebs xatvas aswavlida, misi aRsazrdelebi xSirad gamofenebsac 

marTavdnen. amave dros, igi multiplikatoric iyo. misi Seqmnilia cnobili 

multiplikaciuri filmi ò, moda, moda~. tereza sagarsasu, romelic espaneTis 

komunisturi partiis wevri iyo da uSualo kontaqti hqonda espaneTis kompartiis 

liderTan dolores ibarurisTan, espanur saTvistomos xelmZRvanelobda. `qarTveli 

espanelebi~, rogorc maT uwodebdnen, xSirad ikribebodnen ojaxebTan erTad. 

interviu lamara WanWaleiSvilTan, sarTav-satrikotaJo kombinatis yofil Tanam- 

SromelTan, Caiwera naira mamukelaSvilma, 2009 wlis 1 seqtemberi. 

wyaro 10. tereza sagarsasu espanuri 

saTvistomos Sekrebaze 

wyaro 11. 2008 wlis agvistos omis Semdeg 

2008 wlis agvistoSi, rodesac rusul-qarTuli konfliqti daiwyo, telefonze 

damireka Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis espanuri enis profesorma adela 

martinesma. man miTxra, rom espaneTis saelCos gadawyvetilebiT saqarTveloSi 

mcxovrebi yvela espaneli Tavisi memkvidreebiT, sarkozis TviTmfrinaviT safrangeTSi, 

xolo iqidan espaneTSi unda gadaeyvanaT. saaTnaxevarSi ukve aeroportSi 

viyaviT, xolo or saaTSi parizSi. Tvenaxevari bilbaoSi vcxovrobdiT. espaneTis 

mTavroba yvelanair pirobebs gvTavazobda, gvaZlevdnen binas, gviniSnavdnen did 

pensiebs. dedaCemi daJinebiT moiTxovda saqarTveloSi dabrunebas. misi argumentebi 

iyo: verasodes ver vuRalateb im xalxis suls, vinc mimiRo, gamzarda da pirovnebad 

Camomayaliba. saqarTvelo CemTvis meore ki ara, pirveli samSobloa. 2008 

wlis seqtembris bolos ukve saqarTveloSi viyaviT, xolo 2009 wlis 30 ivniss 

deda gardaicvala. 

interviu marina laliaSvilTan, tereza sagarsasus qaliSvilTan, 

Caiwera naira mamukelaSvilma, 2010 wlis 5 maisi. 

davaleba 6: 

1. dasaxele, wyaroebis 7, 9, 10-is mixedviT, ra saqmianobas eweodnen tereza 

sagarsasu da misi Tanamemamuleebi saqarTveloSi? 

2. axseni, wyaroebis 7-11 mixedviT, ratom Tvlida tereza sagarsasu saqarTvelos 

Tavis samSoblod? 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: romel istoriul movlenebs SeuZlia 

gavlenis moxdena calkeuli adamianebis bedze? 

61 

ojaxi

62 

ojaxi 

16. eTnokonfliqtebi 

da bavSvebi 

sakvanZo kiTxva: 1990-iani wlebis ra istoriulma movlenebma iqonia 

gavlena bavSvebis cxovrebis pirobebze saqarTveloSi? 

wyaro 1. daarqvi saxeli! 

davaleba 1: 

sur. 1 

sur. 2 

1. ganixile fotosuraTebze gamosaxuli bavSvebis cxovrebis yvela detali. 

2. moifiqre fotosuraTebis saTaurebi.

wyaro 2. konfliqtis regionebidan devnili bavSvebis bedi 

a) Teo, osi, 17 wlis 

eqvs wlamde ojaxSi vizrdebodi. samaCabloSi eTnokonfliqtis Semdeg saxli 

dagvewva. mama konfliqtis dros dameRupa. male dedac momikvda.Mmere quCaSi 

aRmovCndi. erTma qalma amiyvana Svilad da mzrdida. mas zaira dedas veZaxi. is 

rom ara, axla quCaSi viqnebodi. 

b) vaso, rusi, 11 wlis 

afxazeTis konfliqtis Semdeg mSoblebs avcdi, bavSvTa saxlSi mimiyvanes, 

mogvianebiT gairkva, rom dedaCemi, warmoSobiT rusi, ruseTSi gamgzavrebula, 

mamaCemma ki sxva colo SeirTo. bavSvTa saxls ver Sevegue da gavipare. amJamad 

quCaSi vcxovrob amxanagebTan erTad. erT mitovebul saxlSi vaTev Rames. iq 

deni da gaTboba ar aris. Ffuls bazrobaze vSoulob. xan tvirTs vezidebi, 

xanac vqurdob. 

g) ana, qarTveli, 16 wlis 

rva wlis viyavi, rodesac Cemi ojaxi iZulebuli iyo Tavisi sacxovrebeli 

adgili daetovebina. mamaCemi qarTvelia, deda ki afxazi myavs. rodesac dedam 

mamas Tavis naTesavebTan gadasvla SesTavaza, mamam uari ganacxada da sxva 

ltolvilebTan erTad umZimesi gziT TbilisSi Camosvla mogvixda. sanam binas 

mogvcemdnen, TbilisSi raRac mitovebul SenobaSi mogvixda cxovreba, sadac 

Suqic ki ar iyo. mamas didxans ar hqonda mudmivi samuSao, deda ki fiqrobda, 

rom radgan erovnebiT afxazia, saqarTveloSi mas samuSaos aravin miscems da 

arc ucdia misi moZebna. maxsovs erTxans imdenad gagviWirda, rom saskolo 

wignebic ki ver miyides da mTeli Tve uwignod davdiodi skolaSi. Cemi asakis 

nacnobebic ar gvyavda TbilisSi, rom wignebi vinmes eTxovebina. 

gazeTi ,,alia~, 2005 weli, 23-25 ivlisi 

d) nino, qarTveli, 12 wlis 

mama afxazeTis omSi dameRupa. deda saberZneTSi gaemgzavra samuSaos saZebnelad. 

Mavadmyof bebiasTan erTad marto vcxovrob. vpatronob mas. ojaxSi 

yvelafers me vakeTeb. rodesac bebia cudad aris, Rameebsac vaTeneb. amis gamo 

skolasac xSirad vacden. 

davaleba 2. 

interviu Caiwera m. kirvaliZem,…2009 wlis 6 maisi. 

1. wyaroSi 2 a, b, g, d: 

a) xazi gausvi winadadebebs, romlebic am bavSvebis mdgomareobis mizezebze 

metyvelebs. 

b) ganixile bavSvebis yoveldRiuri cxovreba. 

2. imsjele Semdeg sakiTxebze: 

a) ra aris saerTo am mozardebis biografiaSi? 

b) rogor SeiZleba daexmaros sazogadoeba da saxelmwifo eTnokonfliqtebis 

Sedegad dazaralebul bavSvebs? 

63 

ojaxi

64 

ojaxi 

wyaro 3. bavSvTa soflis * mcxovreblebis istoria 

a) manana, 9 wlis 

omSi mamis gardacvalebis Semdeg ukve 6 welia, rac bavSvTa sofelSi vcxovrob. 

aq dedam 3 wlis asakSi momiyvana. oTxi da myavs. isini Cemze ufrosebi 

arian da dedasTan cxovroben. deda xSirad makiTxavs. bavSvTa sofelSi CemTan 

erTad erT ojaxSi cxovroben sxvadasxva erovnebis bavSvebi. skolaSi erTad 

davdivarT. Cemi sayvareli sagania maTematika. Tavisufal dros vTamaSob, ver- 

Tobi, xan televizors vuyureb. 

b) giorgi, 12 wlis 

6 wlis viyavi, rodesac babuam bavSvTa sofelSi momiyvana. mSoblebi gardacvlili 

myavs, babuac gardamecvala da axla deida makiTxavs xolme. Aaq, 

ojaxSi Svidni vcxovrobT: sami da, sami Zma da deda. Nnamdvili da-Zma ar myavs. 

davdivar skolaSi. yvelaze metad maTematika miyvars. Aroca Tavisufali dro 

maqvs, xan kompiuters vTamaSob, xan fexburTs da teniss. Mminda momavalSi arqiteqtori 

gavxde. vawyobT sxvadasxva RonisZiebebs. AbavSvTa sofelSi modian 

stumrebi sxvadasxva qveynebidan da agreTve qarTuli kompaniebidan. Zalian 

kmayofili var aq cxovrebiT.M 

interviu Caiwera m. kirvaliZem,…2009 wlis 17 aprili. 

davaleba 3: 

1. daasaxele, wyaro 3-is mixedviT, vin daexmara dazaralebul bavSvebs? 

2. axseni, ratom unda iyos dainteresebuli saxelmwifo da sazogadoeba mozardi 

Taobis problemebis gadawyvetiT? 

3. ganixileT sakiTxi, vin unda izrunos dazaralebul mozardebze: 

a) saxelmwifom; 

b) sazogadoebam. 

g) ipoveT argumentebi wyaroSi 3. 

wyaro 4. kanonebi bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb 

a) ,,bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia’’ 

muxli 20 

bavSvs, romelic droebiT an mudmivad moklebulia ojaxur garemos anda misive 

interesebidan gamomdinare, ar SeiZleba darCes aseT garemoSi, ufleba aqvs 

sargeblobdes saxelmwifos gansakuTrebuli mfarvelobiTa da daxmarebiT; 

muxli 6, 24, 26, 31 

konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben, rom yvela bavSvs aqvs: ganviTarebis, 

socialuri usafrTxoebis, sacxovreblis, samedicino momsaxurebiT 

sargeblobis, ganaTlebis, informirebulobis, TamaSis, dasvenebis, Zalebis aRdgenis, 

kulturul cxovrebaSi monawileobis ufleba. 

* bavSvTa sofeli _ saerTaSoriso saqvelmoqmedo organizacia, romelic 

saqarTveloSi 1989 wels daarsda. 2011 wlisTvis 2 bavSvTa sofeli funqcionirebda.

muxli 27 

monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben yvela bavSvis uflebas uzrunvelyofili 

iyos cxovrebis iseTi doniT, romelic aucilebelia misi fizikuri, gonebrivi, 

sulieri, zneobrivi da socialuri ganviTarebisaTvis. 

b) saqarTvelos konstitucia, Tavi II _ saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. Aadamianis 

ZiriTadi uflebani da Tavisufleba 

M 

muxli 35 

yvelas aqvs ganaTlebis miRebisa da misi formis arCevis ufleba. dawyebiTi 

da sabazo ganaTleba savaldebuloa. Mmoqalaqeebs ufleba aqvT kanoniT dadgenili 

wesiT da gansazRvrul farglebSi saxelmwifo saswavlebelSi miiRon 

saSualo, profesiuli da umaRlesi ganaTleba. 

g) kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb 

muxli 3 

saqarTveloSi zogadi ganaTlebis sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTadi 

miznebia: 

a) moswavlis erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebis mqone, Tavisufal 

pirovnebad CamoyalibebisaTvis saWiro pirobebis Seqmna; 

b) moswavlis gonebrivi da fizikuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba, aucilebeli 

codniT uzrunvelyofa... 

muxli 22 

saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs sruli zogadi ganaTlebis miRebas. moswavlis 

ganaTlebis saxelmwifo dafinanseba zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi 

grZeldeba 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi. 

davaleba 4: 

1. Seusabame wyaroebSi 1, 2, 3 miTiTebuli magaliTebi im dokumentebs, romlebic 

wyaroSi 4 (a, b, g) aris mocemuli. 

2. daadgine am uflebebidan, romeli xorcieldeboda eTnokonfliqtebis Sedegad 

dazaralebul bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT? 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra gavlena iqonia 1990-iani wlebis eTnokonfliqtebma 

saqarTveloSi bavSvebis bedze? 

65 

ojaxi

66 

migracia 

17. `gayofili lukma~ 

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen erTad qarTvelebi da 

ukrainelebi saqarTveloSi 1930-40-ian wlebSi? 

wyaro 1. ukrainaSi SimSilis Sesaxeb 

1932 weli ukrainaSi saocrad gvalviani iyo. yvelaferi ganadgurda, rasac momdevno 

wels eniT auwereli SimSiloba mohyva. SimSils Seewira aTasobiT ukrainelis 

sicocxle. man imsxverpla Cemi 28 wlis dedac, sxva axloblebi. adamianebi 

iZulebuli gaxdnen mietovebinaT mSobliuri adgilebi da SimSilisagan xsnis gza 

sxvagan eZebnaT. bevri maTgani maSin saqarTveloSi Camovida, maT Soris, Cvenc _ mamaCveni 

da sami mcirewlovani bavSvi. nikolaevidan Tbomavalma foTSi Camogviyvana. 

SimSilisagan daosebulebs siaruli ar SegveZlo, gemidan sakaciT gadmogviyvanes. 

qarTvelebma dagvayenes fexze, ukanasknel lukmas gviyofdnen, binac migviCines. 

Uukraineli Jurnalistis mixeil gluSCenkos naambobi. gazeTi `Tbilisi,~ 1990 w., 8 maisi. 

wyaro 2. meore msoflio omis dros evakuaciis Sesaxeb 

saqarTvelos mcxovrebTa raodenoba meore msoflio omis periodisaTvis 

sagrZnoblad gaizarda, faSisturi germaniis mier okupirebuli ukrainisa Tu 

centraluri ruseTis raionebidan ltolvili mosaxleobis xarjze. saqarTvelom 

Seikedla frontispira zonidan evakuirebuli mravali sabavSvo saxli. 

qarTulma ojaxebma iSviles upatronod darCenili rusi, ukraineli, belorusi 

Tu sxva erovnebis aseulobiT mozardi. 

o. janeliZe, saqarTvelos axali da Tanamedrove istoria, Tb., 2009, gv. 176. 

wyaro 3. saxelmwifos RonisZiebebi frontispira zonebidan mosaxleobis 

evakuaciis Sesaxeb 

ssr kavSir-germanias Soris omis dawyebidan axlo xanebSi faSistebis samxedro 

warmatebebma aucilebeli gaxada frontispira zonidan mosaxleobis, samrewvelo 

sawarmoebis, zogierTi dawesebulebis, mza produqciis, nedleulisa 

da sxva faseulobaTa evakuacia aRmosavleTis raionebSi. 

1941 wlis 24 ivniss, sak. kp (b) centraluri komitetisa da saxkomsabWos dadgenilebiT, 

Seiqmna evakuaciis sabWo l. kaganoviCis TavmjdomareobiT. imave wlis 26 

seqtembers evakuaciis sabWosTan Camoyalibda mosaxleobis evakuaciis sammarTvelo. 

Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos saxkomsabWosTan daarsda respublikis teritoriaze 

evakuirebuli mosaxleobis daxmarebis mudmivi komisia, specialuri saevakuacio 

sammarTvelo da sxva adgilobrivi struqturebi. 1942 wlis noemberSi Seiqmna 

saqarTveloSi evakuirebuli ojaxebis dabinavebis mTavrobis komisia. 

e. kupataZe, evakuirebuli samrewvelo sawarmoebis, dawesebulebebisa da mosaxleobis 

miReba da ganlageba saqarTveloSi sabWoTa kavSiris didi samamulo omis periodSi. 

1941-1945 ww, Tb., 1978, gv. 14-17, 68. 

wyaro 4. evakuirebulebis cxovrebis Sesaxeb 

omi rom daiwyo 6 wlis viyavi. deda ukraineli myavda, mama _ rusi, ami tom 

pataraobidanve vicodi rusulica da ukrainulic. mamaCemi 1941 wlis ivnisidanve 

frontze imyofeboda. roca Cemi soflidan mosaxleobis evakuacia ganxorciel-

da me da dedaCemi CvenTvis sruliad ucxo garemoSi, saqarTveloSi CamovediT 

da maxaraZis raionis sofel SromaSi aRmovCndiT. 

deda male Caeba aqauri kolmeurneobis muSaobaSi. me maSin saskolo asaki ar 

mqonda, sofelSi ki sabavSvo baRi jerac ar arsebobda, ris gamoc, xSirad, im 

ojaxSi moxuc bebia anikosTan vrCebodi, romelmac Cven Segvikedla. 

me qarTuli ar mesmoda, bebias _ Cemi ena. mezoblad Cemi asakis gogo cxovrobda, 

saTamaSod gadmodioda, magram erTmaneTs bevrs verafers vagebinebdiT 

da ufro metad gabutulebiviT viyaviT. Cveni urTierTobis ena, sanam salaparako 

qarTuls viswavlidi, Rimili iyo. 

interviu Tbilisis mcxovreb genadi petrenkosTan, 75 wlis, pensioneri, 

Caiwera oTar janeliZem, 2010 wlis 8 ianvari. 

wyaro 5. evakuirebulebi foTSi 

q. foTma omis dros aTasobiT evakuirebuli miiRo, ZiriTadad, odesidan, 

sevas topolidan, nikolaevidan da sxv. qalaqi patara iyo. yvelas dabinaveba saxelmwifo 

nagebobebSi SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda da xelmZRvanelobam mimarTa kerZo 

saxlebis mflobelT, SeekedlebinaT es adamianebi. isini didi gulisxmierebiT 

gamoexmaurnen am Txovnas. qalaqSi ar darCenila arc erTi, TviT patara xis 

saxlic ki, sadac ar CaesaxlebinaT evakuirebulni. patara samoTaxian saxlSi, 

CvenTan erTad cxovrobda samxedro mosamsaxuris pavle SevCenkos ojaxi. 

vcxovrobdiT simWidroveSi, magram rogorc erTi ojaxi. 

eqim venera jobavas mogonebidan: Jurnali `Русский клуб,~ Тб., 2008, #5, gv. 12. 

davaleba 1: 

1. amowere wyaroebidan 1-5 is sityvebi/frazebi, romlebic asaxavs 1930-40-ian 

wlebSi ukrainelTa saqarTveloSi migraciis mizezebs. 

2. xazi gausvi wyaroebSi 1-5 frazebs, romlebic gamoxatavs qarTuli mosaxleobis 

damokidebulebas evakuirebuli ukrainelebis mimarT. 

3. airCie erTi romelime fraza, romliTac SeiZleba am samuSao furclis 

dasaTaureba. 

4. Seavse cxrili im informaciis gamoyenebiT, romelic wyaroebidan 1-5 miiRe. 

ukrainelTa saqarTveloSi migraciis 

mizezebi (miuTiTe wyaros nomeri) 

saerTo siZneleebi, romelsac awydebodnen 

evakuirebuli ukrainelebi da saqarTvelos 

danarCeni mosaxleoba 

1930-iani ww 1940-iani ww wyaroSi miTiTebuli Seni azriT, savaraudo 

67 

migracia

68 

migracia 

wyaro 6. bavSvebis evakuacia 

....1942 wlis noembrisaTvis saqarTveloSi aRricxuli iyo 4452 evakuirebuli 

udedmamo bavSvi. unda vivaraudoT, rom mSoblebTan da naTesavebTan erTad, 

saqarTveloSi evakuirebuli bavSvebis raodenoba aTjer mainc aRemateboda 

udedmamod evakuirebuli bavSvebis ricxvs. ...marto 1941-1942 wlebSi qarTul 

skolebTan 50 klasi gaixsna evakuirebuli bavSvebisaTvis. 

e. kupataZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 98. 

wyaro 7. saqarTvelos statistikuri sammarTvelos monacemebi 1941-1942 

wlebSi saqarTveloSi evakuirebuli samxedro mosamsaxureTa 

ojaxis wevrebis Sesaxeb 

# TariRi 

samxedro mosamsaxureTa ojaxis wevrebi, romlebic 

evakuirebuli iyvnen saqarTveloSi (aTasobiT) 

frontispira qalaqebidan 

frontispira soflis 

raionebidan 

1 1941 w. dekembrisaTvis 25 5 30 

2 1942 w. 1 ianvrisaTvis 27 7 34 

3 1942 w. 1 TebervlisaTvis 31 11 42 

4 1942 w. 1 martisaTvis 32 11 43 

5 1942 w. 1 aprilisaTvis 32 11 43 

6 1942 w. 1 maisisaTvis 28 9 37 

7 1942 w. 1 ivnisisaTvis 25 7 32 

8 1942 w. 1 agvistosaTvis 24 7 31 

sul 

saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis saxelmwifo arqivi, fondi 334, anaw. 2, saqm. #45, 

furc. 44, 46, 60, 77, 82, 98, 115. 

wyaro 8. mosaxleobis evakuacia frontis zurgSi, 1941 w. 

http://rtemes.livejournal.com/11661. 

v. podSivailovis foto 

davaleba 2. 

http://www.yk.kz/news/show/4475 

1. daiTvale, ramdeni evakuirebuli Camovida 1942 wlis 1 agvistosaTvis 

saqarTveloSi? 

2. ivaraude wyaroebis 6-8 mixedviT, ra gavle nas moaxdenda evakuaciis mas- 

Stabebi saqarTvelos mosaxleobis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze?

wyaro 9. ukrainidan evakuirebulTa gansaxleba saqarTveloSi 1941-1945 

wlebSi 

davaleba 3: 

უკრაინიდან ევაკუირებულთა განსახლება 

საქართველოში 1941-1945 წლებში 

1. rukis mixedviT daadgine: 

quTaisi 

r s f s r 

s a q a r T v e l o s s s r 

ozurgeTi gori 

beTania 

kojori 

s o m x e T i s s s r 


სსჽკ 

ევაკუაიის პუნქები 

ევაკუიჽებულთა განსახლების 

ადგილები 

ევაკუიჽებულთა საბავშვო 

სახლები 

a z e r b a i 

a) saqarTvelos romel qalaqebSi iyrida Tavs ukrainidan evakuirebuli 

mosaxleoba? 

b) romel punqtebSi daasaxles evakuirebuli ojaxebi? 

g) bavSvTa romel saxlebSi daabinaves evakuirebuli bavSvebi, daadgineT am 

dawesebulebebis raodenoba; 

2. dawere mokle werili foTSi evakuirebuli Seni ukraineli Tanatolis 

saxeliT, romlis gagzavna mas Tavis megobrebTan an naTesavebTan surs. 

3. gaarkvie, cxovroben Tu ara Sens mSobliur qalaqSi an sofelSi evakuirebuli 

ukrainelebis STamomavlebi. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra aris samuSao furclis saTauris 

gzavnili? 

j a n i s s s r 

69 

migracia

70 

migracia 

18. mudmivad samSoblos ZiebaSi 

(mesxeTidan deportirebulebi) 

sakvanZo SekiTxva: ratom èZeben~ dRemde deportirebuli mesxebi 

TavianT samSoblos? 

davaleba 1: 

daiyaviT sam jgufad: 

pirveli jgufi _ saxelmwifo struqturebi da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi. 

meore jgufi _ deportirebuli mesxebi 

mesame jgufi _ saqarTvelos sazogadoeba 

gaecaniT Tqveni jgufisTvis gankuTvnili wyaroebis pakets da moawyeT mrgvali 

magida-diskusia Temaze: `deportirebuli mesxebi samSoblos mudmiv ZiebaSi~. 

wyaroebi jgufisaTvis 1. saxelmwifo struqturebi da 

saerTaSoriso organizaciebi 

wyaro 1.1. deportaciis Sesaxeb 

saqarTvelos ssr-is TurqeTTan mosazRvre raionebSi cxovrobs Turquli mosax- 

leoba. wlebis ganmavlobaSi, am mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawili, romelic 

naTesaur kavSirSia TurqeTis mosazRvre raionebis mcxovreblebTan, amJRavnebs 

emigraciul ganwyobas, eweva kontrabandas da TanamSromlobs TurqeTis dazvervasTan 

agentebis gadmobirebisa da bandituri jgufebis SeqmnisaTvis. 

saqarTvelos ssr monakveTze ssrk-is sazRvris dacvis gaZlirebis mizniT, 

sabWoTa kavSiris Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariati mizanSewonilad miiCnevs 

gadaasaxlos axalcixis, adigenis, aspinZis, axalqalaqis, bogdanovkis 

raionebidan da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis zogierTi sasoflo sabWodan 

Turqebis, qurTebis da xemSilebis 16700 ojaxi, sul 86 000 suli yazaxeTis, uzbekeTisa 

da yirgizeTis ssr-Si. 

* lavrenti beria _ ssrk-is Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisari. 

l. berias * werili stalins, 

#789/6, 24 ivlisi, 1944 weli.

wyaro 1.2. sabWoTa kavSiris dros gamocemuli brZanebulebebi 

TariRi organo maregulirebeli aqti SeniSvna 

1956 w. 

28 aprili 

1987 w. 

8 dekemberi 

1991 w. 

7 marti 

ssrk-is uzenaesi 

sabWos 

prezidiumis 

brZanebuleba 

#135/142, 

muxli@2. 


ministrTa 

sabWos 

dadgenileba 

#600 

ssrk-is uzenaesi 

sabWos 

dadgenileba, 

muxli@2 

„specgadasaxlebasTan dakavSirebuli 

SezRudvebis moxsna yirimeli TaTrebis, 

balkarebis, Turqebis – 

ssrk-is moqalaqeebi, qurTebis, xemSilebisa 

da maTi ojaxis wevrebisaTvis, romlebic 

gadasaxlebulni iyvnen didi samamulo 

omis dros”. 

„1987-1988 wlebSi saqarTvelos ssr-Si 

mesxTa im ojaxebis organizebuli Camosaxlebis 

Sesaxeb, romelTac survili aqvT 

mudmivad sacxovreblad Camovidnen saqar- 

TveloSi sxva mokavSire respublikebidan~ 

sakanonmdeblo aqtebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb 

ssrk-is umaRlesi sabWos 1989 wlis 14 

noembris deklaraciis _ „iZulebiT gadasaxlebuli 

xalxebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli 

represiuli aqtebis, ukanonod da 

danaSaulebrivad cnobisa da xalxebis 

uflebebiT uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb”_ 

safuZvelze. 

gauqmdes: 

1956 wlis 

28 aprilis 

brZanebuleba, 

muxli@2; 

http://reksin.ru/news/news040406.shtml.html; http://kpd.nvrsk.ru/bib/tm/4-07-03.htm; 

http://www.cidct.org.ua/uk/publications/deport2/235.html (Targmani rusulidan). 

wyaro 1.3. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebi 

Tari- 

Ri 

18 

maisi, 

1993 w. 

organo maregulire- 

beli aqti 


meTauris 

e.SevardnaZis 

gankarguleba 

#106 

SeniSvna 

TbilisSi, deportirebuli mesxebis 

STamomavlebisaTvis, Seiqmna qarTuli 

enisa da saqarTvelos istoriis 

adaptaciis centri. 

1994 w. daarsda repatriaciis samsaxuri, 

rogorc saxelmwifo struqtura. 

dekemberi, 

1996 w. 


prezidentis 

e.SevardnaZis 

brZanebuleba 

„saqarTveloSi 

deportirebuli 

da 

repatrirebuli 

mesxebis 

samarTlebrivi 

da socialuri 

problemebis 

gadaWris 

saxelmwifo 

programis 

damtkicebis 

Sesaxeb“ 

... samcxe-javaxeTidan ... gasaxlebuli 

qarTvelebis eTnocidi, ganxorcielda 

maTi deportaciis gziT ssrk- 

Si maSin arsebuli reJimis mier, 

radgan saqarTvelos ssr-s ar hqonda 

realuri suvereniteti. 

damoukidebeli demokratiuli 

saqarTvelo miznad isaxavs 

dasaxelebuli mosaxleobis gaTelili 

uflebebis reabilitacias maTi 

repatraciisa da eTnocidis Sedegebis 

TandaTanobiTi aRmofxvris gziT. 

http://www.ca-c.org/journal/cac-02-1999/st_19_mamulija.shtml 

71 

migracia

72 

migracia 

wyaro 1.4. saqarTvelos valdebulebebi evrosabWos mimarT 

¾ 1999 w. 27 ianvari _ evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleis mosazreba #209 

valdebulebebi: 

II. e: 

y miRebul iqnas samarTlebrivi baza, romelic dauSvebs deportirebuli 

mesxi mosaxleobis repatriaciasa da integracias (gawevrianebidan ori 

wlis ganmavlobaSi); 

y daiwyos repatriaciis da integraciis procesi (gawevrianebidan sami wlis 

ganmavlobaSi); 

y dasruldes mesxi mosaxleobis repatriaciis procesi (gawevrianebidan 

Tormeti wlis ganmavlobaSi). 

¾ 1999 w. 27 aprili _ saqarTvelo gawevrianda evropis sabWoSi; 

wyaro 1.5. kanoni repatriaciis Sesaxeb 

http://www.msa.gov.ge 

http://www.portal.coe.ge 

muxli 1. am kanonis mizania yofili ssrk-is mier XX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi 

saqarTvelos ssr-idan iZulebiT gadasaxlebul pirTa da maT STamomavalTa 

saqarTveloSi dabrunebisaTvis samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis Seqmna. am kanoniT 

dadgenili repatriaciis sistema efuZneba istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgenas, 

Rirseuli da nebayoflobiTi dabrunebis principebs da iTvaliswinebs etapobriv 

repatriacias. 

muxli 3. repatriantis statusis mosapoveblad Sesabamisi ganacxadis 

wardgenis uflebis mqone pirebi 

muxli 8. repatriantis statusis miniWeba 

muxli 9. saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis miReba repatriantis statusis safuZvelze 

muxli 10. repatriantis statusis SeCereba da Sewyveta. 

saqarTvelos kanoni. yofili ssrk-is mier XX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos 

ssr-dan iZulebiT gadasaxlebul pirTa repatriaciis Sesaxeb #5261 – rs 

(2007 wlis 11 ivlisi)

wyaroebi jgufisaTvis 2. deportirebuli mesxebi 

wyaro 2.1. mesxebis mogonebebi 

a) es moxda 1944 wlis 15 noembers. jariskacebi SemoiWrnen Cvens saxlSi dilis 

3 saaTze da gvibrZanes gavyolodiT ise, rom Zlivs movaswariT tansacmlis 

Cacma. Cven mogvaTavses satvirTo vagonebSi vmgzavrobdiT 40 dRis ganmavlobaSi 

saWmlisa da Tbili tansacmlis gareSe. maxsovs, xalxi balaxs Wamda, rom 

gadarCeniliyo. bevri daiRupa SimSilisa da daavadebebisagan. me vnaxe rogor 

isrodnen jariskacebi gvamebs pirdapir vagonebidan. dRemde ver ganvTavisufldi 

im dReebis koSmarebisagan. 

osman Mmexriev-yuraZe, http://www.osce.org/photos/show_photos.php 

b) [Sua aziaSi] gadasaxlebul mesxebSi dawesebuli iyo komendantis saaTi. 

Cven ar gvqonda ufleba, rom gadavsuliyaviT erTi soflidan meoreSi. yovel 

saRamos ufrosebi xels awerdnen Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis adgilobriv 

ganyofilebaSi. [ase iyo 1956 wlamde] 

kamila nuritdinova (goCaZe), wignidan `mesxebi – usamSoblo adamianebi~, Tb., 2008, 

gv. 203, masala moamzada klara baraTaSvilma. 

g) 1956 wels moixsna specgadasaxlebis reJimi da mesxebi fiqrobdnen, rom movida 

ganTavisufleba ...xelisufleba, aZlevda ra pasportebs yofil specgadasaxlebulebs, 

TviTneburad ucvlida mesxebis qarTul gvarebs, maT pasportebSi uwerda 

sxvadasxva erovnebas. ase magaliTad, mamaCemi, latifSax baraTaSvili, Cawerili 

iqna rogorc azerbaijaneli, Cem Zmas marats, romelic daibada deportaciaSi, 

mianiWes „uzbekis“ erovneba. iyvnen „Turqebi“, „TaTrebi“ da TviT „kavkasielic“ 

ki. araerTi mcdelobis Semdeg mamaCemma moaxerxa, CemTvis, erTaderTisaTvis Cveni 

didi ojaxidan, rodesac davibade deportaciaSi, Caewera „qarTveli“. 

klara baraTaSvili, http://georgia.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/16599 

d) 1956 wels moxsnes sakomendanto meTvalyureoba. 1957 wels Cven wamovediT 

uzbekeTidan ... matarebliT TurqmeneTamde, iqidan – baqoSi. iq ar gavCerebulvarT 

– pirdapir saqarTveloSi. Tumca CvenTvis ar iyo nebadarTuli saqarTveloSi 

Sesvla, Cven mainc wavediT, iqneb gagvmarTleboda .... Tbilisidan wavediT 

maxaraZeSi, Cais kolmeurneobaSi... zugdidSic vcxovrobdiT. megrelebma 

kargad migviRes. mesxeTSi kvlav ar SeiZleboda da Cven wavediT azerbaijanSi, 

kirovabadSi... 1988 wels Sromis saxelmwifo komitetma daiwyo mesxebisagan 

gancxadebebis Segroveba, romlebsac surdaT mesxeTSi gadasaxleba da Cven, 

beriZeebis ojaxi, marat baraTaSvilisa da abuzar safarovis ojaxebi viyaviT 

pirveli mercxlebi, romlebic davsaxldiT mesxeTSi... Cven viyideT saxli Cvens 

mSobliur sofel mugareTSi... 

azo beriZe, wignidan `mesxebi – usamSoblo adamianebi~, Tb., 2008, gv.243, masala 

moamzada klara baraTaSvilma. 

wyaro 2.2. ferRanis tragedia 

a) 1989 wlis ivnisSi, ferRanis dablobSi (uzbekeTi) mcxovrebi gadasaxlebuli 

mahmadiani mesxebi masiuri xocva-Jletis msxverplni gaxdnen. sabWoTa 

kavSiris mTavrobis mier centralur ruseTSi daaxloebiT 17 aTasi adamianis 

73 

migracia

74 

migracia 

[`Turqi-mesxebis~] evakuacia ganxorcielda... naxevari wlis Semdeg deportirebulebi 

iZulebulebi gaxdnen sakuTari usafrTxoebis mizniT uzbekeTis sxva 

raionebic daetovebinaT, radgan konfliqti erovnuli niSniT grZeldeboda.... 

gadasaxleba mimdinareobda ZiriTadad azerbaijansa da ruseTSi, mcire nawili 

gadavida ukrainasa da yazaxeTSi. 

saqarTvelos parlamentis aparati, kvleviTi departamenti, analitikuri ganyofileba, 

2005; http://www.parliament.ge/files/1005_15713_452804_turqi-mesxebi-TEXT.pdf 

b) erT-erTi versiis mixedviT, yvelaferi daiwyo CxubiT uzbekebsa da Turq- 

-mesxebs Soris, romlis drosac daiRupa axalgazrda uzbeki... ferRanidan 

evakuaciamde dazaralebuli Turqebis ojaxebi gahyavdaT samxedro poligonze 

qalaqgareT, sadac maT darbevebisagan icavdnen. 

g) 

uzbekeTSi mcxovre bi 

mesxeTidan deportirebulebi. 

ferRanis samxedro 

poligonze – ruseT 

Si gamgzavrebamde. 

aleqsandr osipovi, „ferRanis mogonebebi“ 20 wlis Semdeg. 

ugakveTilo istoria? 09.06.2009 (Targmani rusulidan.). 

http://www.ferghana.ru/article.php?id=6197 

wyaro 2.3. deportirebuli mesxebis mdgomareoba krasnodaris mxareSi 

(ruseTi) 

krasnodaris mxareSi 1989 [fenRanis tragediis Semdeg-red.] wlidan faqtobrivrad 

cxovrobs 15 aTasi deportirebuli mesxebi, maTgan mxolod 4000 aqvs 

moqalaqeoba [...]…maT ar SeuZliaT mudmiv samsaxurSi muSaoba, maTi qorwineba 

oficialurad ar registrirdeba da kanonieri safuZveli ar gaaCnia; srulad 

moklebulni arian socialur dacvas (ar eZlevaT pensia da daxmareba) 

da samedicino dazRvevis sistemas [...]…maT ar SeuZliaT referendumSi da 

arCevnebis arcerT doneze monawileobis miReba[...] zogierT skolaSi arsebobs 

segregaciis problema: devnilebis Svilebs erT klasSi iReben da maT SedarebiT 

dabali donis ganaTlebas aZleven. mSobliuri enis swavlebaze saerTod 

saubaric araa [...] 

saqarTvelos parlamentis aparati, kvleviTi departamenti, 

analitikuri ganyofileba, 2005; 

http://www.parliament.ge/files/1005_15713_452804_turqi-mesxebi-TEXT.pdf

wyaro 2.4. mesxeTis mosaxleobiobis deportacia da repatriacia. 

მესხეთის მოსახლეობის 

დეპორტაცია და რეპატრიაცია 

რ ს ფ ს რ 

შავი 

ზღვა 

თურქეთი 

საქართველოს 

სსრ 

სომხეთის 

სსრ აზერბაიჯანის 

სსრ 

ერაყი 


ერევანი 

ი 

კ ა ს პ ი ი ს ზ ღ ვ ა 

რ 

ბაქო 

ყ ა ზ ა ხ ე თ ი ს ს ს რ 

ა ნ ი 

არალის 

აშხაბადი 

wyaro 2.5. saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli mesxebi 

ზღვა 

უ ზ ბ ე კ ე თ ი ს ს ს რ 

თ უ რ ქ მ ე ნ ე თ ი ს ს ს რ 

ტაშკენტი 

ფერღანა 

ტაჯიკეთის სსრ 

დუშანბე 


სსჽკ 



დეპოჽაია 1944 ელს 


ჽეპაჽიაია 1956 ელს 

ფრუნზე 

ალმაათა 

ა ვ ღ ა ნ ე თ ი 

ჩ ი ნ ე თ ი 

¾ 1980–1990-iani wlebidan saqarTveloSi 2 000-mde repatrianti mesxia Semosuli: 

y TbilisSi (8 ojaxi) 

y xaSuris raionSi (3 ojaxi) 

y goris raionis sofel wiTelubanSi (5 ojaxi) 

y samtrediis raionis sofel ianeTis me–9 ubanSi (30 ojaxi) 

y ozurgeTis raionis sofel nasakiralSi (32 ojaxi) 

y samcxe-javaxeTSi (50 ojaxi /165 kaci: axalcixe 38, adigeni 12, abasTumani 12) 

¾ 2010 wlis ianvrisTvis saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT 

gadaadgilebul pirTa gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministroSi Sesulia 

repatrirebulTa 841 gancxadeba: 

• azerbaijanidan _ 5348 

• TurqeTidan _ 118 

ყირგიზეთის სსრ 

• ruseTidan _ 62 

• sxvadasxva qveynidan _ 313 

http://\meskhebi.wordpress.com/2011/01/24 mesxebis-gza-ucxoeTidan. 

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wyaroebi jgufisaTvis 3. saqarTvelos sazogadoeba 

wyaro 3.1. qarTveli inteligenciis mimarTva saqarTvelos kompartiis 

centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivnis eduard SevardnaZisadmi, 

1979 w. Tebervali 

Cven, qvemore xelmomweri, qarTveli inteligenciis erTi nawili, qarTveli 

sazogadoebis saxeliT vacxadebT, rom mesxebis Turqad wodebas aranairi 

safuZveli ar gaaCnia da am sisuleles bolo unda moeRos. sabWoTa kavSiris 

umaRlesi sabWos 1968 wlis 30 maisis da 1974 wlis 9 ianvris brZanebebiT, am sawyali 

xalxis dabruneba unda momxdariyo, magram mainc ferxdeba. gadasaxlebulma 

mesxebma sabWoTa mTavrobas ramdenimejer mimarTes, magram mizans ver miaRwies. 

moskovSi Casulebs mudam TbilisSi abrunebdnen.…umorCilesad gTxovT, Cveni 

Txovna gaiTvaliswinoT da Cveni RviZli Zmebis dasabruneblad yvelaferi 

iRonoT. 

xels aweren: giorgi Citaia, sergi jiqia, vaxtang beriZe, arnold Ciqobava, 

akaki SaniZe, paata guguSvili, giorgi meliqiSvili, oTar jafariZe, guram 

mamulia, zurab cincaZe, revaz jafariZe, jansuR Carkviani, guram asaTiani, 

kamilakorinTeli, akaki baqraZe, muxran maWavariani, revaz inaniSvili, uCa 

jafariZe, giga lorTqifaniZe, merab berZeniSvili, aleqsi maWavariani, revaz 

TabukaSvili, daviT ToraZe... 

giga qamuSaZe, ianeTSi repatrirebuli mosaxleobis Turquli metyvelebis 

Taviseburebani, disertacia, Tbilisi, 2006, gv.23-24. 

wyaro 3.2. qarTveli inteligenciis warmomadgenlebis mosazreba mesxebis 

deportaciaze 

a) 1944 wels danaSauli Caidines adamianebis, da ara eTnosis mimarT. rac Seexeba 

deportirebulTa moTxovnas saqarTveloSi Camosaxlebaze, minda xazgasmiT 

aRvniSno, amis uflebamosileba maT ara aqvT. erTaderTi, risi moTxovnac logikuria, 

es aris winaparTa kerZo sakuTrebaze memkvidreobis principis dacva, rac 

unda Sefasdes da materialuri kompensaciis saxiT aunazRaurdes deportirebulTa 

STamomavlobas. saqarTvelos ufleba aqvs deportirebulTa is nawili 

Semoiyvanos, romelic mas saimedod miaCnia. Cveni arCevani upirobod maTze unda 

SeCerdes, vinc Tavs qarTvelad aRiarebs. iseTi adamianebis Camosaxleba, vinc 

Tavs Turqad miiCnevs, saqarTvelos sikvdils niSnavs.…maT unda SevaswavloT ena, 

Cvens istoriasa da kulturas vaziaroT, movaxdinoT qarTuli eTnosis sxeulSi 

maTi integrireba. evrosabWos rekomendacia _ 2012 wlamde saqarTveloSi mahmadiani 

mosaxleobis mTlianad Semosaxlebaze, miuRebelia. 

nodar naTaZe, filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, e.w. Turqi mesxebi, gaz. „dilis 

gazeTi“, 20 oqtomberi, 2003; http://www.sapikhvno.org/viewtopic.php?t=2115. 

b) istoriam isini „damnaSaveebad“ cno imis gamo, rom isini cxovrobdnen jer 

ruseT-TurqeTis, xolo Semdeg sabWoTa kavSir-TurqeTis sazRvarze, xolo qarTvelma 

xalxma, romelic moklebuli iyo realur suverenitets, ver SeZlo maTi dacva... 

qarTveli eris eTnikuri mSeneblobis gzaze mesxebis problema warmoadgens 

Cvens arcTu iol memkvidreobas. am memkvidreobis gaazreba da masze zrunva – 

aris istoriuli pasuxismgebloba im Taobisa, romelic gauZRveba XXI saukuneSi 

ganaxlebul saqarTvelos. amaSi mdgomareobs saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politikis 

arsi deportirebili da saqarTveloSi repatrirebuli mesxebis mimarT... 

guram mamulia, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politikis koncefcia deportirebuli da 

saqarTveloSi repatrirebuli mesxebis mimarT. istoria da Tanamedroveoba. 

http://www.ca-c.org/journal/cac-02-1999/st_19_mamulija.shtml

g) muslimi mesxebi, Cvens msgavsad, iyvnen saqarTvelos sruluflebiani moqalaqeebi 

da isini arasamarTlianad, barbarosulad gaasaxles samSoblodan 1944 

wels […] maTTvis uaris Tqma reabilitaciaze, repatriaciaze ara marto ukanonoba 

da usamaTlobaa, aramed warmoadgens im danaSaulis axal dakanonebas, 

romelic Caidines stalinma da beriam da romelic moraluri TvalsazrisiT 

ufro mZime danaSaulia, radgan axla mas sCadis ara marto xelisufleba, aramed 

xalxi, is adamianebi, romlebic, ueWvelia, Tavis Tavs miiCneven demokratebad, 

qristianebad, adamianis uflebebis damcvelebad da a.S. ... Tu saxelmwifo, 

xalxi srulad gaiazrebs am problemas da izrunebs dabrunebulebze, kerZod, 

maTi adaptaciis procesze, maT usafrTxoebaze da a.S., es imuSavebs saqarTvelos 

sasargeblod. 

naira gelaSvili, mwerali, `kavkasiuri saxlis~ direqtori, gazeTi àxali Taoba~, 

#35, 31.10-2.11. 2000. 

wyaro 3.3. istorikosis mosazreba deportirebuli mesxebis sakiTxze 

1944 wels qvemo qarTlis mkvidri arc erTi azerbaijaneli da arc erTi 

mahmadiani aWareli ar gausaxlebiaT. TaTarTa, anu „Turq mesxTa“, winaprebis 

gadasaxlebas religiuri da eTnikuri safuZveli ar hqonia. ubralod, esoden 

destruqciuli Zalis sazRvarze datoveba TviT sabWoTa kavSirisTvisac ki 

safrTxes warmoadgenda. somxebiT mWidrod dasaxlebul regionSi maTi dabinaveba 

ueWvelad gamoiwvevs konfliqts. 

svimon masxaraSvili, gazeTi `kviris palitra~, 7 maisi, 2007. 

wyaro 3.4. qarTuli media deportirebuli mesxebis Sesaxeb 

„mSobliur soflebSi unda davbrundeT“, reportaJi ianeTis mecxre ubnidan 

1975 wels dabrunebul mesxTa nawili samtrediaSi dasaxlda. maSin yirgizeTidan, 

yazaxeTidan da azerbaijanidan ramdenime ojaxi sakuTari surviliT erTdroulad 

gadmosaxlda. komunistebma isini pirutyvis mosaSenebel kompleqsSi 

samuSaod kompaqturad daasaxla. 26 saxlisgan Semdgar sofelSi, romelsac Semdeg 

ianeTis mecxre ubani ewoda, 30 mahmadiani mesxi ojaxebiT Sesaxlda. 

ukve wlebia, dasaxlebaSi sazogadoebrivi transporti ar funqcionirebs. … 

am dasaxlebis Sesaxeb mezobel samtrediaSic ki bevrs araferi smenia. mecxre 

ubanSi qarTulad mxolod mozardebi saubroben.…29 wlis ganmavlobaSi aq 

arcerTi Sereuli ojaxi ar Seqmnila. 

mesxebis saarsebo saSualeba mecxoveleoba da soflis meurneobaa. TiToeuli 

ojaxi, sadac minimum rva wevri cxovrobs, heqtarze met miwis farTobs 

amuSavebs. hyavs aTobiT cxvari, Zroxa, qaTami. 

„cudad ar vcxovrobT, magram aq mainc ver davrCebi. rogorc ki saSualeba 

momecema, Cems mSobliur sofelSi, varxanSi davbrundebi. iq unda movkvde, iq 

unda davimarxo”, _ acxadebs malxaz baxtaZe. 

sxvagvarad fiqroben mecxre ubanSi mcxovrebi axalgazrdebi. 

„ar minda axalcixeSi cxovreba. aq mirCvenia. Cemi mSoblebic apireben mesxeTSi 

wasvlas, magram ar gavyvebi maT”, _ ambobs mecxre klasis moswavle gagi WinWaraZe. 

Tamuna uCiZe, samtredia, gazeTi „samxreTis karibWe“, 2004. 

http://www.regions.ge/2&newsid=391&year=2009&position=news_main&q=samtredia 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ratom gaasaxla saxelmwifom saqarTvelodan, 

xolo Semdeg daabruna mosaxleobis garkveuli nawili? 

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19. rusTavi _ òrmoci Zmis~ qalaqi 

sakvanZo SekiTxva: saidan warmoiSva rusTavis zedmetsaxeli òrmoci 

Zmis~ qalaqi? 

wyaro 1. rusTavSi rusebis gadasaxlebis Sesaxeb 

mamaCemi, ivan Mmixeilis Ze ovadovski, xersonidan iyo. igi jer sevastopolSi 

muSaobda, xolo samamulo omis dawyebisas _ Celiabinskis metalurgiul qarxanaSi. 

Mmas, rogorc gamocdil specialists misces „broni“ * da amitom frontze 

ar wauyvaniaT. 1944 wlis TebervalSi mama, ise rom misTvis arc ki ukiTxavT, 

surda Tu ara, samuSaod gadaiyvanes rusTavSi, rusTavis metalurgiuli qarxnis 

mSeneblobaze. me am dros aTi wlis viyavi, Cemi umcrosi da – Tamara ki samis. 

Tavdapirvelad, mxolod mama Cavida. mogvianebiT, es Zalian kargad maxsovs, 11 

ivniss, Cvenc _ deda, bebia, Cemi da da me _ Cagviyvanes eSeloniT rusTavSi. maSin 

rusTavi triali mindori iyo, mxolod karvebi da sami barakis tipis saxli idga. 

Cven erT-erT saxlSi mogvces erTi patara oTaxi, radgan mama daniSnes centraluri 

samSeneblo laboratoriis ganyofilebis ufrosad. Cvens win karvebSi, 

aseve, sabWoTa kavSiris sxvadasxva adgilebidan gadmoyvanili ojaxebi cxovrobdnen, 

yovelgvar pirobebs moklebulni. gardabansa da rusTavs Soris iyo dasaxleba, 

romelsac „roza luqsemburgs“ eZaxdnen. iq germanelebi cxovrobdnen, 

romlebic omis dros gaasaxles. mogvianebiT, maT mier datovebul erT-erT saxlSi 

Cven Segvasaxles. noemberSi gavagrZele swavla rusul skolaSi, romelic 

maSin erTaderTi iyo da sadac sabWoTa kavSiris sxvadasxva kuTxidan Camosuli 

ojaxebis bavSvebi swavlobdnen. skolaSi gvaswavlidnen qarTuls. 

interviu qalaq rusTavis mkvidrTan zoia ovadovskaiasTan, 

Caiwera cira CikvaiZem, 2009 wlis 29 maisi. 

wyaro 2. rusTavis #1 skolis 1951-1952 wlis kursdamTavrebulTa sia 

* broni _ gankarguleba, romliTac Tavisufldebodnen omSi gawvevidan. 

** MC _ niSnavs skolis vercxlis medalze damTavrebas.

wyaro 3. rusTavis #1 skolis moswavleebi 

a) 1951-1952 wlis kursdamTavrebulTa foto 

dganan (marcxnidan marjvniv): Tamara 

safronova _ rusi; iuri tiSaevi 

_ rusi; viqtor liagi ni _ rusi; 

maria nikolaeva _ rusi, duxabori; 

tolik rotenbergi _ germaneli ebraeli; 

zoia ovadovskaia – rusi; sxedan 

(marcxnidan marjvniv): liudmila 

beregova _ yazaneli Ta Ta ri; Tamara 

Cuba _ ukraineli; gi o rgi luarsabis- 

Ze _ qarTveli, ge o g rafiis maswavlebeli; 

isai aleqsis-Ze skrinikovi _ 

rusi, ma Te ma ti kis mas wav lebeli, klasis 

dam ri ge be li; iuri fiodo ris Ze 

_ uk rai ne li, fizi kis maswavlebeli; 

maria aleqsis asuli tibicaeva _ osi, 

litera tu ris mas wavlebeli. 

b) zoia ovadovskaias mowmoba oTxi klasis damTavrebis Sesaxeb 

fotoebi zoia ovadovskaias arqividan. 

wyaro 4. rusTavis rusuli skolis Senoba da abra 

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wyaro 5. rusTavis #1 skolis daarsebis istoria 

1943 wels saqarTvelos sxvadasva kuTxidan CamosulTaTvis pirveli skola 

gaixsna. misi sruli dasaxeleba iyo yarais (axlandeli gardabnis) raioni, sof. 

rusTavis rusuli arasruli saSualo skola. 

skola ganTavsebuli iyo barakis tipis SenobaSi, romlis saerTo farTs 

warmoadgenda 58 m 2 da sami saklaso oTaxiT Semoifargleboda. 

qarTvel bavSvTa raodenobis zrdis gamo 1946-1947 saswavlo wels funqcionireba 

daiwyo qarTulma klasma, xolo 1948 wels amave skolaSi pirvelad 

gaixsna qarTuli arasruli saSualo skola, romlis direqtoradac dainiSna 

qsenia zarqua. 

wyaro 6. mravalerovani rusTavis Sesaxeb 

www.rustavi.ge 

rusTavis pirveli saSualo skola, (19 agvisto, 2009 weli). 

me viyavi #1 skolis direqtori 1969-87 wlebSi. Cvens skolaSi, Tu ar va- 

Warbeb, ocdaToTxmeti erovnebis, daaxloebiT, 1 400 moswavle swavlobda. iyo 

Zalian megobruli ganwyoba ara marto Cvens skolaSi, aramed mTels qalaqSi. 

rusTavi iseTi internacionaluri iyo, rom mas „ormoci Zmis“ qalaqs eZaxdnen. 

interviu qalaq rusTavis mkvidrTan, #1 saSualo skolis direqtorTan natalia sanoZesTan, 

Caiwera cira CikvaiZem, 2009 wlis 29 maisi. 

wyaro 7. dadgenileba rusTavis metalurgiuli qarxnis mSeneblobis 

Sesaxeb 

ssrk saxkomsabWosa da sakavSiro kp(b) centraluri komitetis 1940 wlis 12 

seqtembris #1677 dadgenilebis _ „saqarTveloSi amierkavkasiis metalurgiuli 

qarxnis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb“ – aRsrulebisaTvis _ Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos ssr 

saxkomsabWo da saqarTvelos kp(b) centraluri komiteti adgens: 

eTanxmeba ssrk saxkomsabWos specialuri komisiis daskvnas, raTa saqarTvelos 

ssr-Si amierkavkasiis metalurgiuli qarxnis mSeneblobisaTvis SeirCes 

moedani navTisWalaSi, romelic esazRvreba q.Tbiliss navTluRis raionSi. 

„saqarTveloSi amierkavkasiis metalurgiuli qarxnis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb” 

saqarTvelos ssr sax.kom. sabWosa da saqarTvelos kp(b) centraluri komitetis 

dadgenileba, 14 oqtomberi, 1940 w. 

wyaro 8. rusTavis metalurgiuli qarxnisTvis kadrebis mozidvis 

Sesaxeb 

a) partiuli lideris mogonebebi 

omamde qarxnis ZiriTadi obieqtebis daproeqteba ver moeswro da maTi saZirkvelic 

ki ar Cagviyria [...] 1944 wlis 23 marts gamovida Tavdacvis saxelmwifo 

komitetis dadgenileba, romliTac amierkavkasiis metalurgiuli qarxnis 

mSenebloba axldeboda, magram axldeboda „rkinizis sadgur rusTavTan mdebare 

moedanze“ Tbilisidan 26-27 kilometris daSorebiT [...] 1944 wels qarxnis 

daproeqteba mimdinareobda. 1 agvistosaTvis moedanze ukve mzad iyo saerTo 

sacxovreblebi 9 000 mSeneblisaTvis [...] seqtembrisTvis ukve mzad iyo saerTo 

sacxovrebeli 22 aTasi muSisaTvis da 9000 kv. metri sabinao farTobi sainJinro-teqnikuri 

muSakebisa da maTi ojaxebisaTvis [...] 2-3 weliwadSi qarxanas unda 

mieRo kvalificiur muSaTa da specialistTa kadrebi, romlebic mas aamoqmedebdnen. 

aseTi kadrebi respublikas ar gaaCnda [...] saqarTvelos udidesi sawarmo 

mTel xalxs unda aeSenebina [...] es niSnavda, rom metalurgTa momavali qalaqis 

mosaxleobac respublikis yvela istoriuli provinciidan gamosulTa

Senadnobi iqneboda. yvela did regions 150-250-mde kaci unda gamoegzavna, saSualo 

da mcires ki _ 50-dan 100-mde. gasawvevebs winaswar ganemartaT, rom isini 

igzavnebodnen kvalifikaciis misaRebad, raTa Semdeg rusTavis metalurgiul 

qarxanaSi emuSavaT da rom amis gamo wiTel armiaSi samsaxuridan Tavisufldebodnen. 

3 000 axalgazrda samxreTis (igulisxmeba ruseTis da ukrainis _ 

red.) metalurgiul qarxnebSi gaigzavna (praqtikis gasavlelad _ red.), 2000 _ 

respublikis sawarmoebSi moewyo. 

b) Tavdacvis saxelmwifo komitetis dadgenileba 

k. Carkviani, gancdili da naazrevi, Tb., gv. 344-355. 

qarxanaSi mTlianad damTavrebis Semdeg, unda muSaobdes sul 9200 kaci, aqedan 

8 400 muSa da 800 sainJinro-teqnikuri muSaki [...] 

neba daerTos Tavdacvis saxelmwifo komitets Catardes respublikaSi samxed 

ro uwyebis meSveobiT 1926 wels dabadebuli 5000 gasawvevis mobilizacia, 

maTi Savi metalurgiis saxalxo komisariatis gankargulebaSi gadacemiT, 

amierkavkasiis metalurgiul qarxanaSi samuSaod. 

Tavdacvis saxelmwifo komitets centraluri komitetisagan, 

23 ivnisi, 1944 w. 

wyaro 9. qarTveli axalgazrdebi miemgzavrebian ruseTisa da ukrainis 

metalurgiul qarxnebSi, 1944 w. 

rusTavis mxareTmcodneobis 

muzeumis fondi 

wyaro 10. mSenebelTa Casvla rusTavSi 

omis pirveli xuTwledis periodSi saqarTveloSi yovelwliurad tardeboda 

muSaTa organizebuli Segroveba. saqarTvelos yvela raionSi (avtonomiuri er- 

Teulebis CaTvliT) Segrovda 20 aTasamde muSa [...] Mmarto 1950 wels saqarTvelos 

mrewvelobisa da mSeneblobisaTvis organizebuli Segrovebis wesiT miRebuli 

8 aTasi kacidan trest `metalurgmSens~ gadaeca 3 aTasi muSa[...] qarxnis 

mSeneblobis mTel manZilze (ufro metad ki mis pirvel xanebSi) igzavnebodnen 

moZme respublikebidan, gansakuTrebiT, ruseTsa da ukrainidan metalurgiuli 

qarxnebis mSenebeli kadrebi – inJiner-teqnikuri personali da kvalificiuri 

muSebi. 

jer kidev 1944 wels rusTavis mSeneblobaze Camovida mSenebelTa didi 

jgufi, romelic Celiabinskisa da tagilis metalurgiuli qarxnebis agebaSi 

iRebda monawileobas. mSenebel muSaTa es kategoria, e.i. sxva respublikebidan 

Camosuli kvalificiuri muSebi, rusTavis mSeneblebis Tumca mcire, magram 

udavod maRalnayofieri ujredi iyo. 

q. TofuriZe, rusTavi, Tb., gv. 61. 

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wyaro 11. qalaq rusTavis warmoqmnis Sesaxeb 

saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis brZanebuleba saqarTvelos 

ssr gardabnis raionis daba rusTavis qalaq rusTavad gardaqmnis Sesaxeb 

gamoeyos saqarTvelos ssr gardabnis raions daba rusTavi da gardaiqmnas 

respublikuri daqvemdebarebis qalaqad. 

saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis brZanebuleba, 

19 ianvari, 1948 w.,QTbilisi. 

wyaro 12. rusTavis mSeneblobis istoria 

a) adgili, sadac rusTavis metalurgiuli 

qarxana aSenda, 1944 w. 

b) Tavdapirvelad, karvebis qalaqi 

gaCnda, marti, 1944 w. 

saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, fondi saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, fondi 0-28329 

0-21778 

g) zoia ovadovskaias ojaxi axal saxlTan, 1949 w. 

ojaxis arqividan 

d) Tanamedrove rusTavi 

metalurgiuli qarxnisa da qalaq rusTavis mSenebloba erTdroulad daiwyo 

da paralelurad mimdinareobda [...] 1946 wlis zafxulisaTvis rusTavSi 3000 

mcxovrebi iTvleboda. pirveli mosaxleni umetesad mSeneblebi iyvnen, axlo 

momavalSi rusTavSi unda damkvidrebuliyvnen pirvel samrewvelo sawarmoTa 

– metalurgiuli qarxnis damxmare saamqroebis muSebi. maTTvis mzaddeboda 14 

saxli da erTi saerTo sacxovrebeli [...] qalaqis zrdasa da gafarToebasTan 

erTad intensiurad viTardeboda axali saskolo Senobebis, axali sabavSvo ba- 

Rebisa da internatebis mSenebloba. 1948-49 saswavlo wels rusTavSi 4 skola 

iyo: 2 saSualo skola (aqedan erTi muSa axalgazrdobis), erTi – rvawliani, 

da erTic – dawyebiTi. 

1952 wels qalaqis 11 skolaSi 2500-ze meti moswavle swavlobda, xolo 1953- 

1954 saswavlo wels rusTavis skolebis raodenobam 16-s miaRwia da moswavleTa 

ricxvma 3 500-s gadaaWarba. 

q. TofuriZe, rusTavi, Tb., gv. 112-113.

wyaro 13. rusTavis mosaxleobis eTnikuri Semadgenloba 1950 wlisaTvis 

erovneba raodenoba % 

qarTveli 6193 56.15 

afxazi 150 1.36 

osi 452 4.1 

rusi 1807 10.2 

somexi 535 4.85 

azerbaijaneli 858 5.97 

ukraineli 544 4.93 

berZeni 165 1.5 

ebraeli 92 0.83 

qurTi 41 0.37 

sxva erovneba 192 1.74 

sul 11 029 

rusTavis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis fondi 

wyaro 14. Tbilisisa da rusTavis mosaxleoba 1930-1950-ian wlebSi 

Qqalaqis dasaxeleba 

davaleba 1: 

Mmosaxleoba aTasobiT 

1939 w. 

17 ianvrisaTvis 

1959 w. 

19 ianvrisaTvis 

Tbilisi 519,2 694,7 

rusTavi _ 64,7 

saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t.VIII, 1980, gv. 477. 

1. dawereT scenari da `gadaiReT~ dokumenturi filmi qalaq rusTavze. 

filmis ZiriTadi siuJetebia: 

a) rusuli skola rusTavSi 

b) rusTavis mSeneblebi 

2. daiyaviT or jgufad, airCieT TqvenTvis saintereso erTi siuJeti; ganixileT, 

ra aris Tqveni filmis mTavari mizani da CamoayalibeT sakvanZo SekiTxva, 

romelzec gsurT pasuxis miReba 

a) SearCieT filmisTvis saWiro wyaroebi. 

b) warmoadgineT filmis 5-8 kadri. 

siuJeti 1. rusuli skola rusTavSi 

• originaluri saTauri 

• skolis Seqmnis istoria 

• saintereso movlenebi da faqtebi 

skolis cxovrebidan 

• moswavleebi, maswavleblebi da a.S. 

siuJeti 2. rusTavis mSeneblebi 

• originaluri saTauri 

• qalaqis Seqmnis istoria 

• saintereso movlenebi da faqtebi 

qalaqis cxovrebidan 

• qalaqis mSeneblebi da a.S. 

g) Seicvala Tu ara siuJetis sakvanZo SekiTxvis formulireba da filmis 

saTauri? Tu Seicvala, CamoayalibeT axali sakvanZo SekiTxva da saTauri. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra roli iTamaSa migraciulma procesebma 

mravalerovani rusTavis SeqmnaSi? 

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20. àgorebuli qvebi~ (ekologiuri 

migrantebi saqarTveloSi) 

sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom iqca ekomigrantebis gansaxlebis sakiTxi 

erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobis problemad saqarTveloSi? 

wyaro 1. svaneTSi ekologiuri katastrofis Sedegebis Sesaxeb 

1987 wels svaneTi bolo wlebis yvelaze mZime zamTris mowme gaxda. 

ianvarSi ramdenime sofeli 3-dan 5 metramde Tovlis safarqveS aRmoCnda. 

daaxloebiT 2 000 saxli zvavSi mohyva, xolo 85 adamiani gardaicvala. gansakuTrebiT 

dazaralda mestiisa (zemo svaneTi) da lentexis (qvemo svaneTi) 

raionebi. soflebTan kavSiri gawyda. riskis zonidan 16000 adamiani iqna 

evakuirebuli. 

luara niJaraZe, svanebis migracia da misi gansaxlebis arealebi, Tbilisis 

universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1999, gv. 13-17. 

wyaro 2. ekomigrantebis gansaxlebis arealis Sesaxeb 

1981 wlidan dRevandlamde [2006 w.] gansaxlebis saxelmwifo programis farglebSi 

daaxloebiT 11000 ojaxi gadaasaxles (daaxloebiT 60000 adamiani), 

ZiriTadad, aWarisa da svaneTis maRalmTliani regionebidan. amave periodSi, 

migrantTa daudgeneli raodenoba, ZiriTadad, aWaridan damoukideblad gadasaxlda 

saqarTvelos sxva mxareebSi, maTi mSobliuri regionebis mosaxleobiT 

gadatvirTulobisa da mciremiwianobis gamo. 1980-ianebSi da 1990-iani 

wlebis dasawyisSi ekomigrantTa mimRebi ZiriTadi regionebi iyo kaxeTi, imereTi, 

samegrelo, Sida qarTli, guria, samcxe da javaxeTi. mogvianebiT, 1990iani 

wlebis meore naxevridan moyolebuli, migrantTa ZiriTadi mimRebi gaxda 

qvemo qarTli. 

saqarTvelos ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros wliuri angariSi, 

2006 weli.

wyaro 3. ekomigracia saqarTveloSi 1981-2006 wlebSi 

ეკომიგრაციები საქართველოში 1981-2006 წლებში 

გაგრა !( 

!( 

გუდაუთა 

მესტია 

!( 

!( 

სოხუმი 

!( 

გულრიფში 

ლენტეხი 

!( 

ქვემო სვანეთი 

რ ა ჭ ა - ლ უ ჩ ხ უ მ ი 

!( 

გალი 

!( 

ონი 

!( 

ცაგერი 

!( 

სტეფანწმინდა 

!( 

!( 

!( 

!( 

!( 

ზუგდიდი 

ამბროლაური 

რ უ ს ე თ ი ს ფ ე დ ე რ ა ც ი ა 

ა ფ ხ ა ზ ე თ ი 

ზემო სვანეთი 

ოჩამჩირე 

წალენჯიხა 

ჩხოროწყუ 

მარტვილი 

ჯავა 

!( 

!( 

!( 

წყალტუბო !( 

ტყიბული 

ხონი 

სამეგრელო 

მცხეთა- 

მთიანეთი 

შიდა 

საჩხერე 

1 9 8 7 - 2 0 0 6 

ჭიათურა 

!( !( 

სენაკი 

!( 

ხობი 

!( 

!( 

კ 

ცხინვალი 

!( 

თერჯოლა 

!( 

ზესტაფონი 

!( 

ქუთაისი 

სამტრედია 

!( 

აბაშა 

შავი ზღვა 

!( 

!( 

ფოთი 

თიანეთი 

!( 

!( 

!( 

დუშეთი 

ახალგორი 

1989-2006 

ი მ ე რ ე თ ი 

!( 

!( 

ლანჩხუთი 

ახმეტა 

!( 

ქარელი 

!( 

ბაღდათი 

ვანი 

!( 

გორი 

!( 

!( 

ხაშური 

ყვარელი 

!( 

!( 

ხარაგაული 

!( 

ჩოხატაური 

!( 

კასპი 

!( 

თელავი 

!( 

!( 

ოზურგეთი 

გ უ რ ი ა 

ქობულეთი !( 

ლაგოდეხი 

მცხეთა 

ბორჯომი 

!( 

!( 

!( 

გურჯაანი 

!( 

საგარეჯო 


!. 

!( 

!( 

!( 

!( 

ადიგენი ახალციხე 

!( 

!( 

!( 

!( 

ხელვაჩაური ქედა შუახევი 

!( 

წალკა თეთრიწყარო 

ასპინძა 

!( 

ხულო 

ბათუმი 

სიღნაღი 

!( 

დედოფლისწყარო 

ა ხ ე თ ი 

ქართლი 

!( 

სამცხე- 

1981-2006 

1998 - 2 0 06 

ა ჭ ა რ ა 

რუსთავი 

!( 

მარნეული 

!( 

!( 

გარდაბანი 

!( 

ბოლნისი 

ახალქალაქი 

!( 

- ჯავახეთი ქვემო - ქართლი 

!( 

დმანისი 



სამხარეო ცენტრი 

რაიონული ცენტრი 

!( 

ნინოწმინდა 

ბ ა ი ჯ ა ნ ი 

ა ზ ე რ 

ს ო მ ხ ე თ ი 

თ უ რ ქ ე თ ი 

სახელმწიფო საზღვარი 

ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკის 

საზღვარი 

სამხარეო საზღვარი 

რაიონული საზღვარი 

ეკომიგრაციების მიმართულება 

85 

migracia

86 

migracia 

davaleba 1: 

1. CamoTvale is faqtorebi, romlebic gaxda, an SeiZleba gaxdes ekologiuri 

migraciis gamomwvevi mizezi? 

2. wyaroebis 1-3 mixedviT, rukaze miuTiTe raionebi, romelTa mcxovreblebi 

ekologiuri migrantebi aRmoCndnen. 

3. daadgine, saqarTvelos ZiriTadad, romeli raionebi SearCies ekologiuri 

migrantebis Casaxlebis adgilebad da ivarude, ratom? 

wyaro 4. ekomigrantebis gansaxlebis gamocdilebidan 

1981-1988 wlebSi (aWaridan _ red.) Camosuli mosaxleoba metwilad aspinZisa 

da adigenis raionebSi Caasaxles. es regionebi ori mizeziT iyo mimzidveli 

migrirebuli mosaxleobisaTvis. pirvel rigSi imitom, rom isini mTian aWarasTan 

axlosaa. meore mxriv imitom, rom am raionebSi Casaxlebis istoriuli 

gamocdileba ukve arsebobs 1940-iani wlebidan, rodesac mesxebi iZulebiT iqnen 

deportirebulni Sua aziaSi da maT nacvlad saqarTvelos sxva nawilebidan 

Camoasaxles aq xalxi. is faqti, rom samcxis qarTuli mosaxleobis umetesoba 

regionSi axlaxans (1980-ian ww. _ red.) Casaxlda, bevri migrantis azriT, ufro 

stumarTmoyvares xdis am regions axalCamosulTaTvis. 

saqarTvelos parlamentisaTvis wardgenili saxalxo damcvelis angariSi, 

23 dekemberi, 2005 w. 

wyaro 5. ekomigrantebisa da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis urTierTobis 

Sesaxeb 

a) qvemo qarTli da samcxe-javaxeTi eTnikurad araqarTveli mosaxleobiT 

kompaqturad dasaxlebuli mxareebia. samcxe-javaxeTi upiratesad somxuria, gansakuTrebiT 

javaxeTis regioni (axalqalaqisa da ninowmindis raionebi), alagalag, 

rusi duxoborebis, berZnebis da mkvidri qarTvelebis mcirericxovani 

dasaxlebebiT. qvemo qarTlis sam raionSi (marneulSi, dmanissa da bolnisSi) 

eTnikuri azerbaijanuli mosaxleoba dominirebs, xolo walkis raioni somxebiT, 

qarTvelebiTa da berZnebiTaa dasaxlebuli. erovnuli umciresobebiT kompaqturad 

dasaxlebul regionebSi ekomigrantebis talRa xSirad daZabulobas 

iwvevs. gansxvavebuli socialuri da kulturuli sawyisebis mqone ekomigrantebi 

adgilobriv TemTan integraciis gzaze xSirad seriozul problemebs awydebian 

da arajerovnad Semzadebul mimReb TemSi axalCamosaxlebulTa mimarT 

eWvebi da undobloba Cndeba. Sesabamisad, adgilobrivebsa da axalCamosaxlebulebs 

Soris cudi urTierToba viTardeba. 

tom trieri, medea turaSvili, ekologiuri mizezebiT adgilnacval pirTa gansaxleba, 

arsebuli problemis gadawyveta Tu axlis Seqmna? krebuli èkomigracia 

saqarTveloSi 1981-2006 ww~, Tb., 2007, gv.6. 

b) 1989-1991 wlebSi 215 ojaxi moamzades CasaxlebisaTvis, magram faqtobrivad 

mxolod 159 dasaxlda. gadmosaxlebulTa did nawils axal klimatTan, 

socialur da politikur mdgomareobasTan adaptacia gauWirda da umetesobam 

regioni datova. gamonakliss mxolod spasovkaSi Casaxlebulebi warmoadgenen. 

aq kompaqturad Casaxlebulma ekomigrantebma darCena moaxerxes. rac Seexeba 

sxva soflebSi Casaxlebul migrantebs, axalCasulebi sami barieris winaSe

aRmoCndnen, romlebmac maT am soflebSi (gorelovka, efremovka, orlovka da 

sameba) mudmivad darCenas SeuSala xeli. pirveli iyo klimati, romelic aq 

Zalze mZimea, zamTarSi temperatura -25 gradusamde ecema da gzebi didTovlobis 

gamo Svid Tves Caketilia. meorec, zog SemTxvevaSi, gansakuTrebiT araekologiuri 

mizeziT migrirebulni, soflis cxovrebas - miwis damuSavebas Tu 

saqonlis moSenebas _ ar iyvnen Cveulni. dabolos, maTi Casaxlebis adreul 

wlebSi SidaeTnikuri situacia gansakuTrebiT daZabuli iyo. ase rom, ekomigrantebma 

metwilad datoves es soflebi da sadReisod [2000 w.] mxolod ramdenime 

qarTuli ojaxia iq darCenili. Tumca, bevrma ekomigrantma ninowmindisa 

da axalqalaqis raionebSi Casaxlebis pirvelsave wlebSi datova Casaxlebis 

adgilebi. 

hedvig lomi, duxoborebi saqarTveloSi, kvleva ninowmindis raionSi miwis mflobelobis 

da intereTnikuri urTierTobebis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, samuSao moxseneba #35, 

noemberi, 2006 w. 

davaleba 2: 

1. gansazRvre wyaroebis 4-5 mixedviT, romeli faqtorebi iyo gaTvaliswinebuli 

da romeli ara ekomigrantTa gansaxlebis adgilebis SerCevisas 1980-90ian 

wlebSi? 

2.Aaxseni, ra SeiZleba iyos ekomigrantebis axal sacxovrebel adgilebze 

warmatebuli Casaxlebis winapiroba? 

3. SeimuSaveT ekomigrantebis warmatebuli Casaxlebis Tqveni versiebi da 

warmoadgineT klasis winaSe. 

wyaro 6. ekomigrantebis cxovreba axal adgilebze 

a) samTawyaroSi (dedofliswyaros raioni) aWarlebi 1979-1980 wlebSi xulodan 

da Suaxevidan Camosaxldnen. maTi soflis Tavkacebma (uxucesebma) kaxeTSi 

daaTvalieres adgilebi da airCies sad unda dasaxlebuliyvnen. arCevani 

maTi sameurneo saqmianobis mixedviT gakeTda – radgan ZiriTadad mesaqonleebi 

iyvnen, iseTi adgili airCies, sadac uxvi saZovrebi iyo. Semdeg Camovidnen im 

ojaxebis ufrosebi, romlebic Camosaxlebas apirebdnen da Tavad moizomes sakarmidamo 

nakveTebi. am droisaTvis sofelSi ukve cxovrobdnen 1930-ian wlebSi 

saingilos sofel alibeglodan da yorangelidan Camosaxlebuli qarTvelebi. 

mosulebi pirvelad vagonebSi dasaxldnen da daiwyes saxlebis mSenebloba. 

Tavidan Zalian gauWirdaT, radgan ver eguebodnen klimats da meurneobis 

aqaur tradiciebs. mamaCemma nikoloz TagoSvilma Cvens mezoblebs piradad 

aswavla venaxis gasxvla, movla da baRCeulis moyvana. miuxedavad imisa, rom 

qristianebi ar iyvnen, amis gamo ukmayofileba ar gvqonia. salocavad pirvel 

xanebSi zaqaTalas raionSi dadiodnen. dRes, aq dabadebuli Taoba umetesad 

qristiania. bavSvebi qristianul saeklesio ritualebSic ki Rebuloben 

monawileobas. gaxSirda Sereuli qorwinebebi. adre micvalebulebs aq ar krZalavdnen, 

aWaraSi miasvenebdnen. axla Cveni soflis sasaflaos gverdze Tavisi 

sasaflao aqvT. erTmaneTTan WirSic da lxinSic yovelTvis davdivarT da mosulebad 

TiTqmis aRaravis vTvliT. 

interviu varlam TagoSvilTan, samTawyaros sajaro skolis direqtorTan, 55 wlis, 

Caiwera amiran jamagiZem, 2009 wlis 5 agvisto. 

87 

migracia

88 

migracia 

b) Cven marneulisa da gardabnis raionebSi, svaneTSi 1987 wlis didTovlobisas, 

uSgulidan da mulaxidan CamovsaxldiT. Tavdapirvelad, daaxloebiT, 106 

ojaxi. sacxovrebeli adgilebi Cvenma uxucesebma Camosaxlebamde airCies. sofel 

jandaris maxloblad, dausaxlebel adgilze, daarsda Cveni sofeli, romelsac 

lemSveniera daerqva. dRes aq 500-mde ojaxi vcxovrobT. jandaris adgilobrivi 

azerbijaneli mosaxleoba Cvens Camosvlas Tavidan dadebiTad Sexvda, magram 

qveyanaSi gamefebulma maSindelma areulobam Cvens mezoblobas mainc daasva 

daRi. gvqonda patara gaugebrobebi, romelic ZiriTadad miwisa da sarwyavi wylis 

gamo xdeboda, Tumca am 23 wlis ganmavlobaSi urTierTobebi TandaTan umjobesdeba. 

unda aRiniSnos, rom Sereuli qorwinebebisa da danaTesavebis arcerTi 

SemTxveva ar yofila. Cveni aq dasaxlebis mTavari problema mainc aradamakmayofilebeli 

sacxovrebeli pirobebia _ saxlebi, romlebic CvenTvis maSin aaSenes 

uxarisxo iyo, umravlesoba dResac daumTavrebelia. magaliTad, soflis skolas 

dResac ar aqvs kanalizacia. udidesi problemaa sarwyavi wyali. 

interviu oTar niJaraZesTan, sofel lemSvenieras mcxovrebTan, 48 wlis, 

Caiwera amiran jamagiZem, 2009 wlis 29 agvisto. 

wyaro 7. ekomigrantebisa da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis urTierTobis 

erTi magaliTi 

2004 wlis maisSi sofel qvemo xarebaSi Semdgari fexburTis matCi _ sofel- 

Si mcxovreb aWarel da sofel kizilkalisadan Camosul somex bavSvebs Soris 

_ CxubSi gadaizarda. msxverpli ar yofila, magram ramdenime adamiani daiWra. 

Sejaxebis Semdeg aWarlebi Camovidnen TbilisSi, sadac maT saprotesto demonstracia 

moawyves. incidentis gamoZiebis dros, somxebma da berZnebma ganacxades, 

rom aWarlebi maT uflebebs arRvevdnen, maSin roca aWarlebi acxadeben, 

rom somxebi da berZnebi regionSi qarTvelebis cxovrebas ewinaaRmdegebian. 

jonaTan uitli, konfliqtis ganeitraleba walkis raionSi, saqarTveloSi: migracia, 

saerTaSoriso intervencia da saxelmwifos roli, samuSao moxseneba #36, dekemberi, 

2006, gv. 9. 

wyaro 8. ekomigrantebis sacxovrebeli saxlebi 

a) sofeli disveli b) sofeli lemSveniera 

g) xatisofeli

wyaro 9. ukumigracia aWaris mTian raionebSi 

xulosa da Suaxevis gamgeobebis mier mowodebuli monacemebi, 

2006 wlis oqtomberi. 

wyaro 10. 1980-ian wlebSi ekomigrantebisaTvis axali soflis mSeneblobis 

programis Sesaxeb 

1980-iani wlebis dasawyisidan saxelmwifo programebiT ganisazRvra saqarTvelos 

17 raionSi 55 axali soflis aSeneba. 

unda aSenebuliyo 5094 saxli, faqtobrivad, aSenda 3090 saxli, romelTagan 

dasaxlebulia 2723. danarCeni 367 Senoba carielia. 1724 saxli dausrulebelia, 

xolo 280 saxlis mSenebloba arc dawyebula. 

monacemebi motanilia ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros 2006 wlis angariSidan. 

tom trieri, media turaSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi gv. 14. 

davaleba 3: 

1. daaskveni, wyaros 6 mixedviT, riT iyo ganpirobebuli aWaridan dedofliswyaroSi 

Casaxlebuli ekomigrantebis warmatebuli gansaxleba? 

2. axseni, wyaroebis 8-10 mixedviT, urTierTobis ra problemebs awydebodnen 

adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi da ekomigrantebi, romelTa gadaWra maT damoukideblad 

ar SeeZloT? 

3. gaarkvie, ra aris ekomigrantebisa da adgilobriv mcxovrebTa dapirispirebis 

ZiriTadi mizezebi? 

4. gansazRvre, ra saxis sayofacxovrebo da ekonomikuri mizezebi ganapirobebs 

ekomigrantTa maRal denadobas (ukumigracias) pirveladi Casaxlebis 

adgilebidan? 

5. daasaxele, wyaro 9-is mixedviT, raioni da periodi, rodesac yvelaze 

maRali iyo ukumigraciis done. 

6. SeimuSave jgufebSi ekomigrantTa problemebis gadaWris RonisZiebebi. 

7. moawyeT SemuSavebuli RonisZiebebis prezentacia da ganixileT saerTo 

poziciebi. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: rogori unda iyos xelisuflebis politika 

da sazogadoebis pozicia, raTa ekomigrantebis adaptaciisaTvis 

xelsayreli garemo Seiqmnas? 

89 

migracia

90 

migracia 

21. medlis ori mxare: qarTvelebi 

da osebi (1980-90-iani wlebi) 

sakvanZo SekiTxva: ratom gaxda politikuri liderebis sajaro 

gamosvla eTnikuri jgufis migraciis mizezi? 

wyaro 1. osi politikuri lideris gamoxmaureba 1980-iani wlebis bolos 

afxazeTis movlenebze 

Zvirfaso afxazo megobrebo! 

... Cven imeds gvinergavs ,,afxazeTis sakiTxis” samarTliani da saboloo gadawyvetis 

perspeqtiva. amas ki ZaluZs Seqmnas de faqto tolfasovani pariteti 

precedenti e.w. mokavSire da sxva avtonomiur warmonaqmnebs Soris. ... 

Cvens aRtacebas iwvevs mamacoba, erTianoba da darazmuloba afxazi xalxisa, 

romelic araviTar kompromisze ar midis sakiTxSi, romelic mis winaSe dgas 

istoriis mocemul monakveTSi _ sakiTxi sruli, upirobo erovnuli suverenitetis 

aRdgenisa [...] 

,,adamon nixasis~ wevrebi iseve, rogorc mTeli osi xalxi, daZabulad da TanagrZnobiT 

adevnebs Tvalyurs afxazeTis movlenebs. amis wadils aRgviZravs 

oseTisa da afxazeTis socialur-ekonomikuri viTarebis sakmaod didi msgavseba, 

raSic SegveZlo kidev erTxel davrwmunebuliyaviT, roca wavikiTxeT afxazi 

xalxis werili XIX partiuli konferenciisadmi, raSic gvarwmunebs Cveni 

xalxebis kulturul-istoriuli da mravalsaukunovani kontaqtebi..., agreTve 

is sakmaod mniSvnelovani faqti, rom Cven amayi, damoukidebeli sulis mTieli 

xalxebi varT. am sulis gatexva ki Cven gmirobiTa da tanjviT aRsavse istoriaSi 

mravalricxovan ,,stumarTagan~ verc erTma ver SeZlo. miT ufro dRes 

ver SeZlebs amas veravin imaTagan, vinc fsevdoritorikuli najRabniT ikvebeba 

da erovnuli zviadobis gacveTili droSiT cdilobs ,,dahyavi da ibatones~ 

principiT imoqmedos. magram Cveni uryevobis sawindaria Cveni megobroba da 

jerjerobiT mxolod moraluri mxardaWera Cveni mamaci afxazi megobrebisa 

da Zmebisa. oseTis xalxi Tqven mxars giWerT – mxars giWerT Cveni xelmZ- 

Rvanelobac, oRond mas jer simamace ar hyofnis. 

a. CoCievi, adamon nixasi (saxalxo kreba), q. cxinvali. samxreTi oseTi, gaz.eTi ,,bzifi“, 

gudauTa, 4 aprili, 1989 w.; gazeTi ,,literaturuli saqarTvelo”, 5 maisi, 1989 w. 

wyaro 2. 1990 wlis karikatura 

gazeTi `Sansi~, 2 dekemberi, 1990 w.

wyaro 3. qarTul gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli gazeT ,,sovetos irisTonis” 

saredaqcio statia a. CoCievis werilze 

a. CoCievis werilis gamoqveynebam `SeiZleba warmoSvas arasasiamovno tendenciebi 

respublikis erTaSoris urTierTobaTa ganviTarebaSi... 

vis aZlevs xels amgvari werilebis wera da gamoqveyneba? am kiTxvas erTaderTi 

pasuxi SeiZleba gaeces: es sWirdebaT maT, visac swadia erTaSoris 

SuRlis gaRviveba, qarTvelTa da osTa Zmuri urTierTobis moSla. ai, ratom 

gmobs olqis (samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi _ red.) sazogadoeba am werilis 

gamoqveynebis faqts, gmobs werilis avtors. rogorc gamoirkva, es werili 

piradad a. CoCievma dawera da amaze araferi icodnen araformaluri gaerTianeba 

,,adamon nixasis” prezidiumis wevrebmac ki. amitom a. CoCievis es mosazreba 

mTeli osi xalxis azrad ar unda CavTvaloT. 

dRes, ise rogorc arasdros, aucilebelia ufro xSirad mivapyroT Tvali 

qarTvelTa da osTa urTierTobis istorias, romelic mdidaria WeSmariti Zmobis, 

urTierTTanadgomisa da urTierTgagebis magaliTebiT. 

istoriulma xvedrma Cven imdenad dagvakavSira, rom Cvens mravalerovan kav- 

SirSi tradiciaTa, kulturaTa siaxlovis da naTesaur urTierTobaTa aseTi 

sxva magaliTi ar arsebobs. 

gazeTi `literaturuli saqarTvelo,~ 12 maisi, 1989 w. 

wyaro 4. qarTveli politikuri lideri zviad gamsaxurdia 1980-iani 

wlebis bolos saqarTveloSi Seqmnil viTarebaze 

roca Cven vebrZviT afxazi da osi eqstremistebis Zaladobas, maT mier istoriis 

gayalbebas, vamxelT maT mier qarTvelTa Seviwrovebis faqtebs _ es 

helsinkis xelSekrulebis SesrulebisaTvis brZolaa [...] vibrZviT mSvidobiani 

politikuri brZolis gziT, vamxelT usamarTlobas, ukanonobas Cveni sazogadoebriv-politikuri 

cxovrebis yvela sferoSi. 

[...] Cven axla katastrofuli demografiuli mdgomareoba gvaqvs [...] gaZlierda 

azerbaijanuli eqspansia qarTl-kaxeTSi, gaZlierda osuri separatizmi 

e.w. samxreT oseTSi, sadac qarTul mosaxleobas osuri Sovinizmi emuqreba. 

oseTis saxalxo fronti, e.w. àdamon nixasi,~ aqezebs osur mosaxleobas, 

avrcelebs moskovidan Camotanil rukebs, sadac aRmosavleT saqarTvelo alanTa 

qveynad aris gamocxadebuli da amtkicebs, TiTqos istoriuli samaCablo 

osuri miwa-wyalia, sadac osebi XIII saukuneSi ki ar Camosaxldnen, rogorc 

cnobilia saqarTvelos istoriaSi, aramed aq viTomdac odiTgan mkvidrobdnen. 

amis Sedegad grZeldeba àdamon nixasis~ provokatorTa agresiuli mitingebi. 

qarTvelTagan moiTxoven TavianTi miwa-wylis datovebas. 

nawyveti zviad gamsaxurdias interviudan, gazeTi àxalgazrda komunisti~, 

14 seqtemberi, 1989 w. 

wyaro 5. gancxadeba cxinvalSi dagegmili mitingis Sesaxeb 

dRes 15 saaTze istoriul samaCabloSi, dRevandeli samxreT oseTis avtonomiur 

olqSi, cxinvalis centrSi, adgilobrivi qarTveli mosaxleobis iniciativiT 

gaimarTeba sanqcirebuli mitingi. mitingis monawileobis msurvelebi 

dRes dilis 9 saaTidan Seikribebian sportis sasaxlesTan da kinos saxlTan, 

sadac mobilizebuli iqneba transporti. 

gazeTi „axalgazrda komunisti“, 23 noemberi, 1989 w. 

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wyaro 6. informacia cxinvalSi dagegmili mitingis CaSlis Sesaxeb 

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva formalur Tu araformalur sazogadoebriv 

organizaciaTa warmomadgenlebis monawileobiT 23 noembers istoriul 

samaCabloSi, q. cxinvalSi unda Catarebuliyo mitingi, romlis mizanic iyo 

qarTvel da os erebs Soris warmoSobili seriozuli konfliqtis mogvareba, 

rom dawyebuliyo konstruqciuli dialogi. magram samSvidobo misia ar 

Sedga. Tbilisidan da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan Casuli momitingeebi 

qarTlSi ar SeuSves (?!). amitom cxinvalSi mivlinebulma Cvenma specialurma 

korespodentebma ver SeZles dagegmili reportaJis momzadeba. 

gazeTi àxalgazrda komunisti~, 25 noemberi, 1989 w. 

wyaro 7. cxinvalis misadgomebTan, 23 noemberi, 1989 w. 

http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/content/article/1885523.html 

wyaro 8. sabWoTa jariskacebi cxinvalis misadgomebTan, 23 noemberi, 1989 w. 

http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/content/article/1885523.html

wyaro 9. cxinvalidan devnilis dRiuridan 

2 ianvari, 1991 weli... zamTris susxiani dRea... bedoba dRe... bednierebac 

damekveba da ubedurebac... bednieri var, gogona SemeZina, patara maka. Zalian 

lamazi gogonaa... ubeduri ki im faqtiT, rom guSin Cveni saxli gadawves 

cxinvalSi... arada, ra kargi mezobloba da urTierToba gvqonda Cven, qarTvel 

da os ojaxebs... Cven erTmaneTisaTvis keTili mezoblebi viyaviT, erTmaneTs 

mxarSi vudeqiT WirSic da lxinSic... axla ki tanze SerCenili samosis amara 

iZulebulebi varT Cems sofelSi, mSoblebTan varianSi davsaxldeT... RmerTo, 

Sen iyav Semwe Cveni keTili mezoblobis aRdgenisa... 

davaleba 1: 

amonaridi piradi dRiuridan (mariam maisuraZe, sofeli variani). 

daiyaviT jgufebad. gaecaniT wyaroebs 1_9 da SeasruleT Semdegi davalebebi: 

1. opiziciis politikuri liderebis mimarTvebSi (wyaroebi 1, 4) moniSneT 

frazebi, winadadebebi, romlebic: 

a) aRvivebs erebs Soris daZabulobas; 

b) xels uwyobs konfliqtis mogvarebas; 

2. periodul gamocemaSi (wyaro 2) gamoqveynebuli informaciis mixedviT, 

gansazRvreT xelisuflebis pozicia da SeadareT is opoziciis liderebis 

Tvalsazriss. 

3. daakvirdiT wyaroebs 7, 8 da gansazRvreT: 

a) rogori ganwyoba ikiTxeba am fotoebze: mSvidobiani? Zaladobrivi? 

b) ra ikiTxeba fotoze (wyaro 8) warmodgenil lozungze? ra qmedebebisaken 

mouwodebs aseTi lozungi? 

4. wyaroebis 1–9 mixedviT gansazRvreT: istoriuli movle nebis ganviTarebis 

mizezebi 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi? gaixseneT, ra migraciuli procesebi mohyva 

am movlenebs? ras SecvlidiT, raTa movlenebi sxva gziT ganviTarebuliyo? 

jgufebSi Sesrulebuli samuSao warudgineT klass. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra gavlena iqonia 1980-iani wlebis bolosa 

da 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisis movlenebma saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 

migraciul procesebze? 

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22. sami qalis dRiuri: 

baltiispirelebis bedi 


sakvanZo SekiTxva: ra pirobebi iyo baltiispirelebis integraciisaTvis 

XX saukunis qarTul sazogadoebaSi? 

1. litvelebi saqarTveloSi 

wyaro 1.1. litvelebis saqarTveloSi dasaxlebis istoria 

y pirveli cnobebi saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi litvelebis Sesaxeb XIX saukunis 

meore naxevridan gvxvdeba. zogi aq msaxurobda, sxvebi gadmoasaxles. 

aq mcxovreb litvelTa Soris iyvnen maswavleblebi, eqimebi, inJinrebi, 

farmacevtebi, mosamsaxureebi, romlebic mefis ruseTis xelisuflebam 

(maSin litva ruseTis imperiis Semadgeneli nawili iyo) `samsaxuris 

sasargeblod~ ruseTis sxva adgilebidan gadmoiyvana. 

y 1912 w. daarsda urTierTdaxmarebis litvuri sazogadoeba. Tavmjdomared 

airCies me-4 vaJTa gimnaziis maTematikis maswavlebeli pranas dailide. 

y litvelebis ricxvma amierkavkasiaSi gansakuTrebiT imata pirveli msoflio 

omis dros. eseni iyvnen ltolvilebi da gadmosaxlebulebi, aseve 

litveli jariskacebi, romlebsac mefis xelisufleba kavkasiis frontze 

TurqeTis winaaRmdeg saomrad gzavnida. 

y yvelaze mravalricxovani iyo litvelTa Tbilisis kolonia. yvela 

amierkav kasieli litveli TbilisSi moxvedras cdilobda. aqve Seiqmna 

kavkasiis lit velTa sabWo, romlis ZiriTad saqmianobas warmoadgenda 

litvelTa registri reba da aRricxva, litvelTa samSobloSi dabrunebis 

organizeba, ris Sedegadac sakuTar qveyanaSi 10 aTasi adamiani dabrunda. 

y litvelTa sabWo, faqtobrivad, warmoadgenda litvis araoficialur sakonsulos 

amierkavkasiaSi. 1918 wlis 30 agvistos pranas dailide dainiSna 

litvis sruluflebian warmomadgenlad saqarTveloSi, romelsac Tavisi 

Tanamemamuleebis uflebebi unda daecva. 

Jurn. „Лучше знатъ друг друга“, Тб., 2009, gv. 51.

wyaro 1.2. saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi litveli qalis mogoneba 

davibade litvaSi, qalaq kaunasSi. davamTavre 

kaunasis samedicino instituti. CemTan erTad swav 

lobda Temur qaruxniSvili _ Cemi momavali meu- 

R le. 1970 wels kaunasSi davqorwindiT, Semdeg ki 

TbilisSi CamovediT. muSaoba daviwye janmrTelobis 

dacvis saministroSi. gvyavs ori Svili. Cemi 

meuRle gorgasalis ordenis kavaleria. davi cavi 

sakandidato disertacia. maqvs umaRlesi ka tego 

riis eqimi-kardiologis wodeba. amasTanave var 

litvuri sazogadoebis `rutas~ Tavmjdomare. es 

organizacia oficialurad dare gis trirda 1996 

wels TbilisSi. is iren jiqiam daaarsa. 

`ruta~, romelic 60-mde wevrs iTvlis, mniSvnelovani mxardaWeriT sar geblobs 

litvidanac da litvis saelCodanac. gvigzavnian wignebs, filmebs, DVD 

diskebs, plakatebs. arsebobs specialuri proeqtebi, romelTa mizania msoflioSi 

gafantul litvelebs, maT Soris, saqarTveloSic mWidro kavSiri hqondeT 

samSoblosTan, raTa SeinarCunon ena, tradiciebi, samzareulo, dResaswaulebi, 

mTel msoflioSi vrceldeba Jurnalebi. diasporasTan funqcionirebs sakvirao 

skola, romelic yovelwliurad afinansebs Cvens litvel-qarTvel bavSvebs, 

raTa gaemgzavron litvaSi sazafxulo banakebSi da 2-3 kvira daisvenon. 

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi yvela litvelis Svilebi qarTul skolebSi swavloben. 

ZiriTadad ojaxebi Sereulia. sazogadoebis wevrTa umravlesoba 

qarTvelebze gaTxovili litveli qalebia. 

interviu zinaida qaruxniSvilTan, Caiwera ia xubaSvilma, 2009 wlis 10 oqtomberi. 

wyaro 1.3. litvuri sazogadoebis `rutas~ roli qarTul-litvuri ur- 

TierTobis saqmeSi 

a) 2002 wels `rutas~ TaosnobiT sazeimod aRniSna litvuri literaturis 

klasikosis antanas vienolis-Jukauskasis dabadebidan 120 wlis iubile. sazeimod 

gaixsna memorialuri dafa im afTiaqis Senobaze, sadac is muSaobda TbilisSi 

yofnis dros 1903-1905 wlebSi. kavkasiur saxlSi moewyo mwerlis xsovnis 

saRamo. naCvenebi iqna litveli klasikosis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis 

amsaxveli dokumenturi filmi. 

b) 1998 wlis ivlisSi diasporis folklorulma 

ansamblma - `ruta zaligi~ - monawileoba miiRo 

mTeli msoflios litvelTa cekvisa da simReris 

rigiT meore festivalSi, romelic vilniusSi Catarda. 

diasporis cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovan RonisZiebas 

warmoadgenda litvis kulturis dReebi 

saqarTveloSi. 

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96 g) 2006 wels litvuri wignebis fondis mxardaWeriT, romelic daarsebulia 

litvis respublikis kulturisa da sportis ganviTarebis fondTan, qarTul 

enaze gamoica Tanamedrove litvuri proza `Cemi velebi~. 

2008 wels damTavrda proeqti, romlis mizanic iyo qarTulad Targmniliyo 

litvuri simRerebi, folkloruli istoriuli simRerebi, romlebSic asaxulia 

nacionaluri adaT-wesebi. Pproeqti dafinansebuli iyo litvis saxelmwifos 

mier. wignis mxatvari, redaqtori da proeqtis avtoric qarTvelebi iyvnen. 

migracia 

Jurnali `Лучше знатъ друг друга~, Тб., 2009, gv. 43, 51. 

wyaro 1.4. religiis roli litvelTa cxovrebaSi 

litvis saxelmwifo religia kaTolikobaa. wina saukuneebSi kaTolikuri 

eklesia cdilobda ar daeSva qorwineba arakaTolikebs Soris. dReisaTvis 

col-qmris erToblivi mrwamsi ojaxis keTildReobis mniSvnelovan pirobad 

iTvleba, magram miuxedavad amisa, eklesia ar ewinaaRmdegeba Sereul qorwinebas. 

Zalian bevria saerTo qristianuli wes-Cveuleba, iqneba es taZrebis, binis 

Tu sxvadasxva nivTis kurTxeva, dakrZalvis ritualebi. 

2. latvielebi saqarTveloSi 

Jurnali `saqarTvelos qalebi~, Tb., 2006, gv. 44-45. 

wyaro 2.1. latvielebis diasporis istoria saqarTveloSi 

a) latvielTa pirveli didi diaspora TbilisSi pirveli msoflio omis Semdeg 

Camoyalibda. oficialurad sazogadoeba daregistrirebuli iyo mixailovis 

prospeqtis # 180-Si (axlandeli daviT aRmaSeneblis # 180). sabWoTa xelisuflebis 

damyarebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi gamovida kanoni ucxoel moqalaqeTa 

Sesaxeb, romlebsac qveyana unda daetovebinaT. latvielebs, sxva ucxoelebis 

msgavsad, qoneba CamoerTvaT da isini deportirebul iqnen samSobloSi. 

Jurnali `Лучше знать друг друга~, Тб., 2009, gv. 45. 

b) latvielTa meore diasporis daarseba meore msoflio oms ukavSirdeba. 

1940 wlis 17 ivniss sabWoTa jarebis mier latviis okupaciis Semdeg, sasamarTlos 

gareSe, latviidan sabWoTa kavSiris mTel teritoriaze, maT Soris, 

saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebam daaxloebiT 20 aTasi adamiani gadaasaxla. 

1941-1945 wlebSi germanelma nacistebma latvia daipyres. 1945 wlis 8 

maiss sabWoTa jarebma gaaTavisufles latvia germaneli nacistebisagan. 1949 

wlis 25 marts sabWoTa xelisuflebam meored ganaxorciela deportacia da 

sabWoTa kavSiris Soreul teritoriebze, maT Soris, saqarTveloSic, gadaasaxla 

43 aTasi adamiani. TbilisSi latvielebi dasaxldnen germanul koloniaSi, 

romelic mdebareobda didubeSi, baRis quCaze. 

http:// www. Acadbib./ v/

g) latviidan saqarTveloSi Camosuli emigrantebi TbilisSi dasaxldnen 

da xelaxla daiwyes cxovreba. maT gaxsnes maRaziebi, afTiaqebi. maT Soris 

yvelaze cnobili iyo evgenis zemelis afTiaqi. latvielebi muSaobdnen TeatrebSi, 

saxelosnoebSi da a.S. gansakuTrebiT didi roli iTamaSes latvielma 

inJinrebma saqarTvelos eleqtrofikaciis saqmeSi. 

Ppeteris urkevici iyo amierkavkasiis samoqalaqo aviaciis pirveli ministri. 

misi Svilebi da SvilTaSvilebi SromiT saqmianobas dResac agrZeleben 

saqarTveloSi. arnold zibergsi 40 weli muSaobda qarxana `centrolitis~ direqtoris 

moadgiled. Aarturs griSansma ki mTeli Tavisi saqmianoba qarTuli 

sahaero transportis ganviTarebas daukavSira. 1941-43 wlebSi saqarTvelos kinostudiaSi 

mxatvar-dekoratorad muSaobda mxatvari roman suta. igi filmis 

`giorgi saakaZis~ mxatvar-konsultanti iyo. 

Информасионний Календарь, 2003 w. 

d) latvielTa diaspora saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sxva diasporebTan SedarebiT 

mcirea [...] ZiriTadi nawili umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone asakovani xalxia. 

Bbevr maTgans samecniero xarisxic aqvs. maTma Taobam SeinarCuna latviuri ena. 

maTi Svilebi da SvilTaSvilebi ki ZiriTadad qarTulad, ufro naklebad ki 

latviurad saubroben. Aamitomac diasporasTan moqmedebs sakvirao skola, sadac 

swavloben latviur enas, simRerebsa da cekvebs. diasporis wevrebi icmeven nacionalur 

tansacmels da monawileobas iReben sxvadasxva koncertsa da festivalSi, 

romlebsac saqarTveloSi nacionaluri umciresobebi marTaven [...] 

ukanasknel wlebSi latviam diaspora aRiara Tavis Semadgenel nawilad. organizaciis 

wevrebs sistematurad iwveven latviaSi konferenciebze, simRerisa 

da cekvis dResaswaulebze, romlebic yovel 4 weliwadSi erTxel imarTeba. 

latviis ulamazes adgilebSi Seiqmna sazafxulo banakebi, sadac msoflios 

yvela qveynidan iwveven latviel ojaxTa sam Taobas [...] 

interviu regina koleda-iakobiZesTan Caiwera ia xubaSvilma, 2009 wlis 12 oqtomberi. 

wyaro 2.2. saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi latvieli qalis bedi 

a) davibade rigaSi. davamTavre latviis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikis 

fakulteti, moskovis saxelmwifo universitetis aspirantura. aspiranturaSi 

swavlis dros gavicani Cemi momavali meuRle daviT iakobiZe (SemdgomSi 

saqarTvelos finansTa ministri, romlis xelmowerac aris qarTuli fulis 

– laris erTe ulze _ red.) da davqorwindiT. 1975 wels rigaSi sakandidato 

disertacia davicavi. vkiTxulobdi leqciebs saqarTvelos politeqnikur 

institut sa da puSkinis saxelobis saxelmwifo pedagogiur institutSi, 1990 

wlidan ki Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi. 

b) latvielTa diaspora 1994 wels Cemi uSualo TaosnobiT daarsda. mas 

ian rainisis poemis saxelwodeba – Ave Sol (dideba mzes) davarqviT. amiT Cven 

gvinda vTqvaT, rom msoflios mze aerTianebs da araviTari dayofa sikeTemde 

ar migviyvans. Cveni diasporis saxelwodeba amave dros mokle gzavnilicaa: 

Segnebam imisa, rom Cven jer adamianebi varT da mere latvielebi, qarTvelebi, 

rusebi Tu somxebi. latvielTa sazogadoeba 200 wevrs iTvlis. var latviis 

sapatio konsuli saqarTveloSi. 

interviu regina koleda-iakobiZesTan Caiwera ia xubaSvilma, 2009 wlis 12 oqtomberi. 

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wyaro 2.3. qarTul-latviuri Sereuli ojaxebis Sesaxeb 

a) meore msoflio omis Semdeg Camosulma latvielebma qarTvelebTan qorwinebiT 

Sereuli ojaxebi Seqmnes. ase gaCnda qarTul-latviuri ojaxebi. Sereul 

ojaxebSi qals damatebiTi 

pasuxismgebloba akisria. 

man Svilebi ise unda aRzardos, 

rom isini erTnairi pasuxismgeblobiT 

moekidon orive erovnebis 

kulturasa da tradiciebs. 

latviur-qarTul ojaxebSi ar 

momxdara bavSvebis rusifikacia. 

maTi umravlesoba swavlobda 

latviuri diasporis warmomadgenlebi 

da swavlobs qarTul skoleb- 

Si da SesaniSnavad flobs qar- 

Tul enas. piradad Cems ojaxSi 

patara globaluri samyaro arsebobs; 

vsaubrobT qarTul, rusul, 

latviur da inglisur enebze. 

Cemma vaJma, romelic rigaSi 

daibada, qarTveli gogona SeirTo colad, TbilisSi dabadebuli qaliSvili, 

nino iakobiZe ki latviels gahyva colad. nino 2004 wlidan Tavmjdomareobs 

latviis qarTul sazogadoebas `samSoblo~. sazogadoebaSi saqarTvelodan repatrirebuli 

yvela adamiania gawevrianebuli. 

b) unda iTqvas, rom latvieli qalebisaTvis arc Tu ise advilia qarTuli 

kulturisa da tradiciis miReba, magram ojaxis faseuloba nebismier situacias 

agvarebs. Sereul ojaxebSi iSviaTad ismis kiTxva: vin ukeTesia, qarTveli 

Tu latvieli? bavSvebs SesaniSnavad esmiT, ra aris kargi da ra cudi. problema 

ojaxSi araa. 

interviu regina koleda-iakobiZesTan, Caiwera ia xubaSvilma, 

2009 wlis 12 oqtomberi. 

wyaro 2.4. latviuri diasporis kulturuli saqmianoba 

latviuri diasporis pirveli erToblivi RonisZieba iyo ligos dResaswauli, 

romelsac warmarTuli istoriuli fesvebi aqvs da aRniSnaven yoveli wlis 

23 da 24 ivniss. es aris Ramis dResaswauli koconebiT, ludiTa da yveliT. am 

dros maTi saxlis karebi Riaa mezoblebisTvis, megobrebisa da SemTxveviTi 

stumrebisTvisac ki. latvielebi Caketili da individualizmiT gamorCeuli 

xalxia. maT arasodes ucxovriaT Temebad, amitomacaa ligos zeimi gansakuTrebuli 

datvirTvis. ligo erTianobis zeimia da misi aRniSvna martoobaSi ar 

SeiZleba. zeimis damTavrebis Semdeg irkveva, vin ukeTesi maspinZeli iyo. 

interviu regina koleda-iakobiZesTan, Caiwera ia xubaSvilma, 

2009 wlis 12 oqtomberi.

3. estonelebi saqarTveloSi 

wyaro 3.1. estonuri diasporis istoria saqarTveloSi 

jer kidev XIX saukuneSi afxazeTSi gaCnda estonuri dasaxlebebi. dRes 

saqarTveloSi cxovrobs patara estonuri diaspora. rogorc wesi, am adamianebs 

ormagi moqalaqeoba aqvT, romlebsac erTnairad uyvarT estoneTic da saqarTveloc. 

estonuri diasporis xelmZRvanelia regina kaxiZe, romelic dainteresebul 

pirebs estonur enas aswavlis da mTargmnelobiT saqmianobasac eweva. 

wyaro 3.2. estonelebis dasaxleba gagris raionSi 

Jurnali `Лучше знать друг друга~, Тб, 2009. gv. 92. 

sabWoTa periodSi, jer kidev meore msoflio omamde estonelebis erT-erTi 

dasaxleba iyo gagris raionSi, salmenis soflis sabWosTan arsebuli stalinis 

saxelobis kolmeurneoba. zogi aq sakuTari nebiT gadmosaxlda, rodesac 

siduxWiresa da mciremiwianobas gamoeqca, zogi ki iZulebis wesiT daasaxles, 

rogorc sasjeli. 

wyaro 3.3. estoneli qalis mogonebebi 

iuta palmi 

salmenis soflis sabWosTan 

arsebuli stalinis 

saxelobis kolmeurne 

qalebi vazis nargevebs 

uvlian, 1940 w. 

saqarTvelos ero vnuli 

arqivi, kino- 

foto-fono ganyofileba, 

salmenis soflis 

sabWos albomi, 

A37. 

a) davibade 1944 wlis 16 Tebervals estoneT- 

Si, qalaq piarnuSi. mama _ eduard palmi Teatris 

cnobili reJisori iyo. igi 1945 wels cimbirSi 

gadaasaxles da samgzis gaqcevis mcdelobisaTvis 

daxvrites. 1962 wels talinSi davamTavre skola. 

viyavi qalTa kalaTburTis gundis kapitani. skolis 

damTavrebisTanave Cems gundTan erTad moskovSi 

gavemgzavre, sadac tardeboda sabWoTa kav- 

Siris Cempionati kalaTburTSi. iq gavicani Cemi 

momavali meuRle daviT bedia, romelic qarTvel 

kalaTburTelTa gundis `dinamos~ kapitani iyo. ma- 

Sin 18 wlis viyavi, daviTi ki 19-is. moskovis Semdeg 

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gvqonda mimowera. 1963 wels davqorwindiT. sacxovreblad TbilisSi gadmovedi. 

qarTulis Seswavla daviwye. 1973 wels davamTavre i. WavWavaZis saxelobis 

ucxo enaTa saxelmwifo pedagogiuri instituti germanuli enis specialobiT 

da muSaoba daviwye literaturuli Targmanis mTavar saredaqcio kolegiaSi. 

myavs ori Svili; gogona inga da vaJi _ daviTi. 

b) bunebam enebis advilad Seswavlis niWiT damajildova. vflob 6 enas, vxatav 

da vmReri. 1975 wels pirvelad vTargmne estonur enaze n. dumbaZis `didro~, 

1977 wels talinSi gamovida misi moTxrobebis krebuli saxelwodebiT `mze~, 

Semdeg vTargmne r. inaniSvilis moTxrobebi, n. dumbaZis romani `maradisobis 

kanoni~, a. kusraSvilis, o. WilaZis, n. lorTqifaniZis, g. rCeuliSvilis, g. petriaSvilis 

nawarmoebebi. vTargmne, aseve, m. javaxiSvilis `kvaWi kvaWantiraZe~. 

mTargmnelobiTi gamocdileba damexmara da 1981 wels daviwye SoTa rusTavelis 

`vefxistyaosnis~ Targmna, romelic aTi wlis Semdeg davasrule. es poema 

estoneTSi ramdenjerme gamoica. 

g) me ar mjera im adamianebis, vinc amayad acxadebs: `me ori samSoblo maqvs~. 

samSoblo erTia. Mme Zalian miyvars saqarTvelo, am qveynis moqalaqe var, magram 

Cemi samSoblo estoneTia. gana SeiZleba gulgrili viyo im miwisadmi, 

sadac davibade da gavizarde, sadac vcxovrobdi. mxolod maSin xar Seni sam- 

Soblos erTguli, Tu mudam gexsomeba is. 

d) iuta palmi-bedia damakavSirebeli xidi gaxda estoneT-saqarTvelos 

mxatvrul-literaturuli saqmianobis sferoSi. misi saxeli estoneTis enciklopediaSia 

Setanili. igi 1996 wels gardaicvala. 

iuta palmis mogonebidan, Jurnali `Лучше знать друг друга~, Тб, 2009, gv. 92. 

wyaro 3. 4. tartus universitetis iubile TbilisSi 

2008 wlis oqtomberSi aRiniSna tartus universitetis 375 wlis iubile. Aam 

xnis ganmavlobaSi iq daaxloebiT 500 qarTveli swavlobda. es sazeimo TariRi 

TbilisSic aRiniSna. mixeil TumaniSvilis saxelobis kinomsaxiobTa TeatrSi 

moewyo estoneTis cekvis ansamblis gastrolebi. am saRamoze estonuri diasporis 

xelmZRvanels saqarTveloSi regina kaxiZes gadaeca estoneTis respublikis 

mexuTe klasis `TeTri varskvlavi~ samSoblosa da estoneli xalxis 

winaSe damsaxurebisaTvis. 

iqve.

davaleba: 

daiyaviT sam jgufad 

y litveli qalis mogonebebi 

y latvieli qalis mogonebebi 

y estoneli qalis mogonebebi 

da mocemuli wyaroebis daxmarebiT dawereT erTi furceli erT an or qvemoT 

miTiTebul Temaze: 

a) yoveldRiuri cxovreba 

b) urTierToba qarTul garemosTan 

g) axal garemoSi cxovrebis siZneleebi 

d) sazeimo dReebi 

e) litvelebis/latvielebis/estonelebis moRvaweoba. saqarTveloSi datovebuli 

kvali 

TiToeulma jgufma warmoadgineT muSaobis Sedegebi. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra aris saerTo saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi 

baltiispireli qalebis bedSi? 

101 

migracia

102 

migracia 

23. `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris~: 

1990-iani wlebis emigracia 

sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom tovebdnen saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi samSoblos 

1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi? 

wyaro 1. emigrantebis eTnikuri Semadgenloba 

saqarTvelodan wasuli emigrantebis umetes nawils erovnuli umciresobebi 

Seadgens. magaliTisaTvis movitanT 1992 wlis monacemebs. es periodi emigraciis 

gansakuTrebuli intensiurobiT gamoirCeoda. saqarTvelodan gasul 

pirTa 60%-s rusebi da ukrainelebi Seadgens. maTi umetesoba qalaqelebi arian. 

saqarTvelodan wasul azerbaijanelTa umetoba soflelebia [...] emigraciaSi 

wasuli somxebis didi nawili ruseTSi an ucxoeTSi gadaixvewa. osebis 

migraciuli aqtiuroba 1992 wels iyo da ganpirobebuli iyo qarTul-osuri 

konfliqtis eskalaciiT. 

guram svaniZe, emigracia saqarTelodan da misi gamomwvevi mizezebi (sociologiuri 

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi), iuridiuli Jurnali, 1998, #1, gv. 71-73. 

davaleba 1: 

1. ganixileT, ra movlenebi moxda saqarTveloSi 1991-1992 wlebSi, ramac, 

Tqveni azriT, aiZula es adamianebi saqarTvelodan wasuliyvnen? 

2. daadgineT maTi Tanmimdevroba. 

wyaro 2. qarTuli kuponis mimarT ucxouri valutis kursi 

ucxouri valuta 

1993 w. 

23 seqtemberi 

1994 w. 

27 ianvari 

inglisuri girvanqa sterlingi 18,468.07 kuponi 227,119.58 kuponi 

germanuli marka 7,489.61 kuponi 106,949.09 kuponi 

aSS dolari 12,047.00 kuponi 185,675.00 kuponi 

franguli franki 2,146.48 kuponi 31,428.33 kuponi 

100 rusuli rubli 1,140.00 kuponi 1,110.00 kuponi 

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier dadgenili ucxouri valutis kursi qarTuli 

kuponis mimarT, 1993 wlis 23 seqtemberi da 1994 wlis 27 ianvari.

wyaro 3. saqarTvelos respublikis erovnuli bankis gamgeobis dadgenileba 

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis 100 000 Rirebulebis nominalis 

kuponis mimoqcevaSi gamoSvebis Sesaxeb 

gamoSvebul iqnes mimoqcevaSi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis kuponi – 100 000 

Rirebulebis nominaliT.P 

bankis prezidenti n. javaxiSvili 

Tbilisi, 25 Tebervali, 1994 w. . 

wyaro 4. gancxadeba gazeTSi eleqtroenergiis miuwodeblobis Sesaxeb 

Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo! 

gasul SabaTs, 5 marts, Cveni gazeTi isev da isev eleqtroenergiis mouwodeblobis 

gamo ver gamovida! kidev erTxel (es ukve meramdened) gixdiT bodiSs 

da gulwrfelad vwuxvarT, rom saqenergos mouqneli, uniaTo muSaobis gamo, 

mdgomareoba ver gamovasworeT! iqneb dReidan mainc... 

gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~, #35 (838), 8 marti, 1994 w. 

wyaro 5. cxovrebis xarisxis indeqsi, 2005 w. 

adgili qveyana cxovrebis xarisxi 

(10 qulidan) 

1 irlandia 8.333 

22 saberZneTi 7.163 

85 somxeTi 5.422 

86 azerbaijani 5.377 

87 saqarTvelo 5.365 

111 zimbabve 3.892 

davaleba 2: 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality-of-life_index 

Seafase, wyaroebis 2-5 mixedviT, saqarTveloSi arsebuli ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. 

wyaro 6. afxazeTis respublikis konstitucia, 1994 wlis 26 noemberi 

Cven, afxazeTis xalxi, vaxorcilebT ra sakuTari TviTgamorkvevis uflebas... 

sazeimod vacxadebT da vadgenT am konstitucias [...] 

Mmuxli 1. 

respublika afxazeTi (afsni) aris suverenuli, demokratiuli, samarTlebrivi 

saxelmwifo, romelic Camoyalibda xalxTa Tavisufali TviTgamorkvevis 

uflebiT [...] 

regionuli konfliqtebi saqarTveloSi _ samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi, afxaze- 

Tis assr (1989-2005). politikur-samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli, Tb., 2005, gv.194-195. 

103 

migracia

104 

migracia 

wyaro 7. samxreT oseTis respublikis konstitucia (ZiriTadi kanoni), 

1993 wlis 2 noemberi 

samxreT oseTis xalxi, gamoxatavs ra Tavisuflebisa da demokratiisadmi 

swrafvas, [...] acxadebs ra samxreT oseTis respublikas suverenul saxelmwifod 

da erTa Tanamegobrobis Tanasworuflebian subieqtad, iRebs am konstitucias, 

Cveni xalxisa da saxelmwifos ZiriTad kanons... 

gazeTi „Южная Осетия”, #132, 8 dekemberi, 1993 w. 

wyaro 8. saqarTvelos parlamentis dadgenileba afzazeTSi konfliqtis 

mowesrigebis RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb, 1996 wlis 17 aprili 

[...] separatistebis mier organizebuli terorisa da aparteiduli reJimis 

msxverpli gaxdnen aseve afxazeTis berZnebi, ebraelebi, rusebi, ukrainelebi, 

somxebi da TviT afzaxebic, romelTa erTi nawili iZulebuli gaxda mietovebina 

saxl-kari da Tavi Seefarebina saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebisa da raionebisaTvis, 

sazRvargareTis qveynebisaTvis. 

Pparlamentis uwyebebi. saqarTvelos parlamentis yovelkvireuli Jurnali, 1996, #5-6, gv.56. 

davaleba 3: 

Seafase, wyaroebis 6-8 mixedviT, saqarTveloSi arsebuli politikuri vi- 

Tareba. 

wyaro 9. respublikaSi moqmedebs sagangebo wesebi 

... im mZime kriminogenuli viTarebis Taobaze, ris gamoc aucilebeli gaxda 

respublikaSi sagangebo wesebis SemoReba. 8 TveSi registrirebulia 12 850 

sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli, moxda 573 ganzrax mkvleloba, 200-ze meti sxeulis 

ganzrax mZime dazianeba, Cadenilia 2000-mde Zarcva-yaCaRoba, respublikis 

sxvadasxva regionSi saavtomobilo da sarkinigzo magistralebze daTareSoben 

SeiaraRebuli bandebi, romelTa Soris gansakuTrebiT aqtiuroben sxvadasxva 

ukanono SeiraRebuli dajgufebebi... danaSaulis 60%-ze meti cecxlsasroli 

iaraRis gamoyenebiT aris Cadenili. 

interviu saqarTvelos respublikis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrTan, policiis generalmaiorTan 

jemal miqelaZesTan. gazeTi „saqarTvelos respulika,“ 

21 seqtemberi, 1993 w., #207, gv. 3. 

wyaro 10. emigrantebis mdgomareoba sazRvargareT 

[...] vizebis vadis gasvlis Semdeg saberZneTSi Casuli emigrantebi, ZiriTadad 

ki, ojaxis marCenali qalebi, sxvadasxva asakis adamianTa tyveobaSi xvdebian. 

yvelaze mZime samuSaod bavSvebisa da loginad Cavardnili moxucebis movla 

iTvleba. Tumca, gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi aqac aris. 

emigranti qalebi, umetesad, gamiznulad midian am nabijze. Tumca, zogjer 

ufulod da upasportod, ucxo enis armcodneni, Ria cis qveS, bedis anabara 

rCebian. vinc ena icis, mas meti fasi aqvs. amdenad Seuracxyofas ar iTmens. 

axalbedebs ki, romlebsac enis barieris gamo ùenoebs~ uwodeben, didxans uwevT 

lodini, vidre maTTvis misaReb samsaxurs iSovian. amitom ojaxSi fulis 

gamogzavnis nacvlad, valebs igroveben. 

nino cxoiZe, mdidari berZnebi sxvebze metad qarTvel qalebs endobian. 

trefikingi, Tu iZulebiTi monoba?!, Jurnali èmigranti”, #2, 5-19 ivlisi, 2004 w.

wyaro 11. gazeTi kulturuli da sportuli cxovrebis Sesaxeb 1990-iani 

wlebis Sua xanis saqarTveloSi 

a) cameti wlis ganSorebis Semdeg mSobliur TbilisSi 4 agvistos Tbilisis 

musikaluri centri da simfoniuri orkestri umaspinZlebs cnobil qarTvel 

diriJors herbert fon karaianis saxelobis konkursis erTad-erT qarTvel 

laureats, amJamad ki, samxreT koreis cnobili orkestrisa da erovnuli saopero 

Teatris mTavar diriJors vaxtang Jordanias. 

gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~, # 89, 25 ivlisi, 1995 w. 

b) tradiciuli karates qarTveli ostatebi amerikis Ria Cemtionatze imsaxureben 

oc medals, maTi sen-sei paata WeliZe ki Cemtionatis saukeTeso mwvrTnelis 

did oqros medals. 

gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~, #89, 25 ivlisi 1995 w. 

davaleba 4: 

1. daiyaviT jgufebad da wyaroebis 1-11 mixedviT. 

SeavseT Canawerebis furceli 1. 

Canawerebis furceli #1 

ra mniSvnelovani movlenebi iyo saqarTveloSi 1990-ian wlebSi? 

TariRi 

politikuri 

movlenebi 

Eekonomikuri 

movlenebi 

socialuri 

movlenebi 

yoveldRiuroba 

2. TiToeulma jgufma daasaxelos xuTi mizezi, ris gamoc SeiZleboda 

saqarTvelos datoveba an darCena. 

CawereT es mizezebi Canawerebis furcelze #2. 

-5 

-4. 

-3 

Canawerebis furceli #2. 

ratom tovebdnen saqarTvelos 1992-1993 wlebSi 

-2 

+2 

-1 0 +1 

_ saqarTvelos datovebis + darCenis 5 mizezi 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: SeZles Tu ara 1990-iani wlebis emigrantebma 

sxva saqarTvelos naxva? 

+3 

+4 

+5 

105 

migracia

106 

religia 

24. kanoni da realoba 

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo sabWoTa saxelmwifos religiuri 

politika 1920-40-ian wlebSi? 

wyaro 1. saxalxo komisarTa sabWos dekreti saxelmwifos religiur 

po litikaze 

1. eklesia saxelmwifosgan gamoyofilia... 

3. TiToeul moqalaqes SeuZlia iwamos nebismieri religia, an ar iwamos arc 

erTi... 

5. uzrunvelyofilia religiuri ritualebis Tavisuflad aRsruleba, Tu isini 

ar arRvevs sazogadoebriv wesrigs da sabWoTa respublikis kano nebs. 

9. skola gamoyofilia eklesiisgan. yvela saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv, 

aseve, kerZo saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, sadac saero-saganmanaTleblo sagnebi 

iswavleba, religiuri mrwamsis swavleba ikrZaleba. 

saxalxo komisarTa sabWos dekreti, 23 ianvari, 1918 weli. 

wyaro 2. v. i. lenini aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb 

Cemi azriT, religia nebismieri adamianis piradi, kerZo saqmea da saxelmwifo 

masSi ar unda ereodes. amave dros, partiis wevrisTvis religiis mimarT 

damokidebuleba ar aris piradi saqme. saxelmwifos araferi esaqmeba religiasTan 

_ yvela adamiani Tavisufalia da SeuZlia iwamos nebismieri religia 

an ar iwamos arc erTi, e. i. iyos aTeisti, uRmerTo, rogorc Cveulebriv aris 

yvela socialisti. 

v. i. lenini, sabWoTa xelisuflebis morigi amocanebi, 

1918 weli, gamomc. `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tbilisi, 1969, gv. 17. 

wyaro 3. l. n. trocki * saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierTobaze 

saxelmwifo eklesiisgan damoukideblad unda viTardebodes. Cven qveynis 

feodaluri gadmonaSTebisgan gaTavisuflebisaken miviswrafiT. droa sam- 

Rvdeloebis arseboba dasruldes. Cveni warmateba mxolod eklesiisgan damoukideblad 

aris SesaZlebeli. 

l. n. trocki, permanentuli revolucia, 

moskovi, 1918, gv. 12 (rusul enaze). 

* l. n. trocki _ bolSevikebis erT-erTi lideri. v. i. leninTan erTad meTaurobda 1917 wlis 

oqtombris revolucias.

davaleba 1. 

1. wyaroebis 1, 2, 3 daxmarebiT axseni, ras niSnavs, Seni azriT, èklesia gamoeyo 

saxelmwifos~? 

2. gansazRvre wyaroebs 1-3 Soris, romels aqvs sakanonmdeblo Zala? 

3. wyaroebSi 2 da 3 xazi gausvi winadadebebs, romlebSic gamoxatulia sab- 

WoTa liderebis damokidebuleba religiis mimarT. 

4. gaarkvie sabWoTa moqalaqeebis romeli jgufis interesebia daculi am wyaroebSi? 

5. Camoayalibe argumentebi bolSevikebis religiuri politikis sasargeb lod 

da sawinaaRmdegod. 

6. Seni azriT, ra rols aniWebdnen religias bolSevikebis liderebi: 

a) adamianebis pirad cxovrebaSi 

b) revoluciur partiaSi 

g) saxelmwifoSi 

wyaro 4. eklesiebis ngreva 1920-40-iani wlebis sabWoTa kavSirSi 

a) 

b) 

107 

religia

108 

religia 

davaleba 2. 

1. Seni azriT, vin SeiZleba yofiliyvnen adamianebi, gadaRebuli dangreuli 

eklesiebis fonze? 

2. ipove kavSiri wyaroebs 1-4 Soris da warmoidgine, rom im dros iq iyavi; 

gamoxate Seni damokidebuleba fotoebze gamosaxuli procesis mimarT, Tu 

xar: 

a) moxuci adamiani 

b) axalgazrda moxele 

g) Seni asakis mozardi. 

3. wyaroebSi 1-3 monaxe winadadebebi, romlebic imdroindeli lozungebisaTvis 

gamogadgeba, magaliTad, `Zirs eklesia, gaumarjos aTeizms!~ da moifiqre 

sapirispiro Sinaarsis lozungebi. 

wyaro 5. saxelmwifos religiuri politikis Sedegebi TbilisSi 

igive adgili dRes 

a) aleqsandre nevelis 

sa xelobis taZari golovinis 

(axl. rusTavelis) 

prospeqtze

) Siituri meCeTi avlabris xidTan igive adgili dRes 

g) kirxes * germanuli eklesia igive adgili dRes 

marjaniSvilis moedanze 

davaleba 3: 

ganmarte wyaroze 5 (a,b,g) asaxuli movlenebi. ratom angrevdnen eklesiebs, 

samlocveloebs saqarTveloSi? 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra monawileobas iRebdnen qarTveli 

bolSevikebi saxelmwifos religiuri politikis ganxorcielebaSi? 

* kirxes eklesia _ 1944 wels TbilisSi germanel tyveebs daangrevines 1897 wels agebuli wm. 

petres da pavles saxelobis luTeruli eklesia (kirxe). 

109 

religia

110 

religia 

25. ùRmerTo saxelmwifo~ 

sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom ebrZoda sabWoTa saxelmwifo yvela 

aRmsareb lobis adamians 1920-30-ian wlebSi? 

wyaro 1. 1920-30-iani wlebis sabWoTa plakatebi 

a) `religia-sawamlavia; daicavi bavSvebi~ b) `religia adamianebs abruebs~ 

g) `Zirs religiuri dResaswaulebi~

davaleba 1: 

1. aRwere TiToeuli plakati cal-calke: ra aris maTi Sinaarsi? vin da ra 

obieqtebia maTze gamosaxuli? 

2. gansazRvre TiToeuli plakatis mizani, zegavlenis ra saSualebebia gamoyenebuli 

da mosaxleobis romel jgufebze zemoqmedebas iTvaliswinebs? 

3. axseni plakatebze mocemuli lozungebis Sinaarsi. 

4. ivaraude, vin aRiqvamda maT dadebiTad da vin _ uaryofiTad? 

wyaro 2. Tanamedrove ucxoeli avtoris gamokvleva 

emelian iaroslavskim 1925 wlisTvis Seqmna ùRmerToTa kavSiri~, romelic 

1929 wlisTvis `mebrZol uRmerToTa kavSirad~ gadakeTda. igi 1932 wlisTvis 

sakavSiro masStabiT 5 500 000 wevrs aerTianebda; man metad aqtiuri muSao ba 

gaSala. uSvebda samecniero Jurnals `religiis winaaRmdeg~ (1926-1941). mravalaTasiani 

tiraJiT gamodioda broSurebi, karikaturebi, plakatebi, rac gaTvlili 

iyo gansxvavebul socialur Tu politikur fenebze. aqtiurad mimdinareobda 

saeklesio rwmena-warmodgenebis da wes-Cveulebebis winaaRmdeg 

brZo la, raSic CarTes literatura, kino da Teatri. tardeboda antisaeklesio 

Tematikis konferenciebi, gamofenebi. 

Jan lui van reJemorteri, miSel lorani. 

eklesiis mdgomareoba sabWoTa sinamdvileSi (1917-1945), 

qristianuli kvlevebi, III, 2009, gv. 223-224. 

davaleba 2: 

1. Seni azriT, ra mizniT Seiqmna `mebrZol uRmerToTa kavSiri~? 

2. moZebne da gamoyavi wyaroSi 2 is winadadebebi, romlebic asaxavs saxelmwifos 

religiur politikas. 

3. wyarodan 2 airCie erTi winadadeba, romelic, Seni azriT, am dokumentis 

saTaurad gamodgeba. 

4. wyaroebis 1 da 2 mixedviT, CamoTvale, ra xerxebiT ebrZoda sabWoTa saxelmwifo 

sxvadasxva religias? Seni azriT, romeli iqneboda maT Soris yvelaze 

efeqturi da ratom? 

5. daiyaviT or jgufad. TiToeul jgufSi: 

a) CamoayalibeT 3-3 Sexeduleba, rogori unda iyos saxelmwifos damokidebuleba 

mosaxleobis religiuri uflebebisadmi; 

b) SeqmeniT plakati, romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba yvela morwmunis, 

aseve, aTeistebis Sexedulebebi da uflebebi. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: rogor axsni samuSao furclis saTaurs 

ùRmerTo saxelmwifo~? 

111 

religia

112 

religia 

26. faruli locva 

sakvanZo kiTxva: ra Sedegi mohyva religiuri politikis cvlilebas 

sabWoTa kavSirSi 1940-70-ian wlebSi? 

wyaro 1. sabWoTa xelisuflebis religiuri politikis cvlilebis 

Sesaxeb 

a) maSin, rodesac sabWoTa kavSiri seriozuli safrTxis winaSe aRmoCnda, 

saero da sasuliero xelisuflebam erToblivi da SeTanxmebuli nabiji gadadga 

sagareo safrTxis winaaRmdeg mosaxleobis dasarazmad. germaneli fa- 

Sistebis sabWoTa kavSirze TavdasxmisTanave samRvdeloebam mosaxleobas sab- 

WoTa kavSirisadmi patriotuli erTgulebisa da mtris winaaRmdeg gmiruli 

brZolisken mouwoda. mTavrobam gaauqma aTeisturi gaerTianebebi da mTlianad 

amoiRo antireligiuri gamocemebi, ris paraleluradac 1942 wels gamoqveynda 

saeklesio kalendrebi da sasuliero Sinaarsis Tematuri krebulebi. 

Jan lui van reJemorteri, miSel lorani, eklesiis mdgomareoba sabWoTa 

sinamdvileSi (1917-1945), qristianuli kvlevebi, III, 2009, gv. 226. 

b) 1945 wlis 5-16 dekembers saqarTvelos azerbaijanulma mosaxleobam, romelic 

religiuri TvalsazrisiT Siitebi iyvnen, Caatara religiuri dResaswauli 

`Saxsei-vaxsei“ * . gansakuTrebiT didi pompezurobiT Catarda is yaraiazis 

(igive gardabanis) raionSi, sadac monawileobas iRebdnen eqvsi soflis 

mcxovrebni... 

1950-ian wlebSi islamuri religia aWaraSi da, kerZod, baTumSi kidev ufro 

gaZlierda. ramazanis ** TveSi meCeTSi morwmuneTa raodenoba xSirad 300 kacs 

aRwevda, xolo `bairamobis“ *** dawyebamde meCeTSi Rames aTevda 400 adamiani, romelTa 

Soris mravali Camosuli iyo aWaris sxvadasxva soflidan. 1954 wels 

`bairamobis“ dResaswaulze morwmuneTa saerTo raodenobam 2500 miaRwia. 

a. sonRulaSvili, erovnuli umciresobani da konfesiebi saqarTveloSi, 

I, Tb., 2005, gv. 234. 

g) sabWoTa kavSirSi qristianuli eklesia Tavisufalia Sinaur saqmeebSi. mas 

rwmunebulTa meSveobiT xelsac uwyoben. eklesias wminda naSTebic daubrunes 

da umaRlesi Tu saSualo skolebic gauxsnes. sanTlis saxelosnoebisa da 

xateb-jvrebis sawyobis gaxsnis uflebac misces, wignebsa da Jurnalebsac ustambaven, 

litaniebsac **** amarTvineben. 

nawyveti saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis kalistrates (1932-1952) 

sityvidan, wignSi: v. ToraZe, n. ToraZe, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesia 

XIX da XX saukuneebSi, 1996, Tb., gv. 268. 

* Saxsei-vaxsei, igive aSura _ Siit muslimebTan imam huseinis moxsenieba, romelic 680 wels 

mokles. 

** ramazani _ muslimuri mTvaris kalendris me-9 Tve, rodesac morwmuneni inaxaven marxvas mzis 

amosvlidan Casvlamde 40 dRis ganmavlobaSi. 

*** bairamoba, igive yurban-bairami _ islamSi msxverplSewirvis dResaswauli. am dRes morwmuneebi 

klaven cxvrebs, saWmels urigeben gaWirvebulebs da maT, visTanac naCxubrebi arian. 

**** litania _ qristianobaSi, sayovelTao locva, romlis dros eklesias gars uvlian.

davaleba 1: 

1. moZebne wyaroSi 1 (a, b, g) sabWoTa kavSirSi axali religiuri politikis 

amsaxveli faqtebi. 

2. axseni, ratom hqonda saerTo pozicia eklesias da saxelmwifos omis wleb- 

Si? 

3. imsjele, wyaro 1-is safuZvelze, meore msoflio omis wlebsa da mis Semdeg 

religiuri politikis cvlilebis mizezebsa da Sedegebze. 

wyaro 2. xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli saxelmwifos eklesiisadmi 

damokidebulebis Sesaxeb 

sabunebismetyvelo mecnieruli codniT da religiasTan ideuri brZolis 

propagandis nacvlad, zogierT centralur da adgilobriv gazeTSi, aseve, 

zogierTi leqtorisa da momxseneblis gamosvlaSi daSvebulia Seuracmyofeli 

gamonaTqvamebi da gamoxdomebi im sasuliero pirebisa da morwmuneebis mimarT, 

romlebic religiur kultmsaxurebas ewevian; aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac presis 

furclebsa da propagandistebis sityvier gamosvlebSi zogierTi religiuri 

kultmsaxuri da morwmune yovelgvari safuZvlis gareSe gamoyvanilia 

adamianebad, romelTa politikuri ndoba ar SeiZleba. zogierT raionSi adgilobRivi 

organizaciebis da calkeuli pirebis mxridan xdeba religiuri 

gaerTianebebisa da jgufebis saqmianobaSi Careva, aseve, sasuliero wodebis 

mimarT uxeSi damokidebulebis SemTxvevebi. 

davaleba 2: 

nawyveti skkp ck* mdivnis n. xruSCovis werilidan, 

1954, 10 noemberi. 

1. daukavSire xruSCovis werili (wyaro 2) axal religiur politikas. 

2. moZebne wyaroebSi 1 (g) da 2 Seni mosazrebis damadasturebeli sityvebi. 

3. Seadare kaTalikos patriarqis kalistrates da n. xruSCovis gamonaTqvamebi. 

ramdenad Seesabameboda isini realobas? 

* skkp ck _ sabWoTa kavSiris komunisturi partiis centraluri komiteti 

113 

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114 

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wyaro 3. samoqalaqo uflebebis Sesaxeb 

saqarTvelos respublikis moqalaqeebs garantirebuli aqvT sindisis Tavisu- 

fleba, anu ufleba _ aRiarebdnen nebismier religias an ar aRiarebdnen araviTar 

religias, asrulebdnen sareligio ritualebs an eweodnen aTeistur 

propagandas. religiur rwmenasTan dakavSirebiT SuRlisa da siZulvilis gaRviveba 

akrZalulia. saqarTvelos respublikaSi eklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifosgan. 

saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis konstitucia, 

Tavi 7, muxli 50, Tbilisi, 1978. 

wyaro 4. religia 1970-iani wlebis saqarTveloSi 

saqarTvelos eklesia yovelwliurad gamoscems kalendrebs, sasuliero 

seminariis `saRvTismetyvelo krebuls“, sapatriarqos sainformacio 

biuletens, aseve uSvebs almanaxs `jvari vazisa“. es ilustrirebuli Jurnali 

1978 wlidan weliwadSi orjer gamoicema. gankuTvnilia ZiriTadad 

RvTismsaxurebisa da saeklesio aqtivisTvis. nawili vrceldeba ucxoeTSi. 

wyaro 5. Tanamedroveebis mogonebebi 

m. besonovi, marTlmadidebloba dRevandel dRes, moskovi, 

1990, gv. 89-90 (rusul enaze). 

a) 1973 wels, sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi, babuaCemi alievi ali maSadi 

hasan-oRli gardaicvala. dasaflavebis dRes locvis aRvlenis ufleba ar 

mogvces. es imitom moxda, rom misi yvela vaJi komunisturi partiis wevri 

iyo da eridebodaT xalxis dasanaxad molis moyvana. amitom is malulad 

oTaxSi SeviyvaneT, sadac Cumad loculobda; xalxma veraferi gaigo. mec 

Tavad partiis wevri viyavi da meCeTSi ar davdiodi, radgan samsaxuris dakargvis 

meSinoda. 

interviu eliura alievasTan (marneuli), 55 wlis, 

Caiwera b. lorTqifaniZem, 2009 wlis 7 ivlisi. 

b) sabWoTa periodSi kompartiis wevrebs eklesiaSi siaruli oficialurad 

ar ekrZalebodaT. Tumca, Tu raime Tanamdebobaze iyavi da eklesiaSi 

daginaxavdnen, an sayvedurs gamogicxadebdnen, an komunisturi partiidan 

gagricxavdnen, rac samsaxuris dakargvas niSnavda. amitom partiis wevrebi 

eridebodnen eklesiaSi siaruls. miuxedavad amisa, TiTqmis yvela naTlavda 

Svilebs. mec ase moviqeci da Cemi Svilebi malulad movnaTle. 

interviu oTar axmetelTan (Tbilisi), 78 wlis, 

Caiwera b. lorTqifaniZem, 2009 wlis 19 maisi

wyaro 6. religia 1960-70-iani wlebis sabWoTa satiraSi 

davaleba 3: 

Seadare wyaroebi 3-6 da gaakeTe daskvnebi. 

moifiqre yoveli karikaturisTvis sakuTari teqsti. 

a) _ rogor mkurnalobdiT? 

– ai amiT... 

b) is arc Tanaxmaa da arc winaaRmdegi, 

man ubralod Tvali aarida. 

kukriniksebis * plakatebi 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ratom loculobdnen sabWoTa saqarTveloSi 

farulad? 

* kukriniksi _ sami mxatvris _ mixeil kuprianovis, porfiri krilovisa da nikolai sokolovis 

fsevdonimi. 

115 

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116 

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27. TanamSromloba Tu 

Seuwynarebloba?! 

sakvanZo kiTxva: ramdenad iyo aRmsarebloba da erovnuloba konfliqtebis 

mizezi damoukidebel saqarTveloSi XX _ XXI saukuneebis 

mijnaze? 

wyaro 1. qarTveli mecnieri 1980-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi arsebul 

religiur viTarebaze 

erovnuli aqtivizaciis kvalobaze, gansakuTrebiT 1980-iani wlebis meore naxe- 

varSi, mravali umwvavesi problema dagvigrovda, romlebmac eTnokonfliqtebis 

saxiT iCina Tavi. amis mizezia, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi uyuradRebod rCeboda 

da `xalxTa urRvevi Zmobis” moCvenebiTi lozungis ukan iCqmaleboda uamravi mtkivneuli 

problema. mravali erovnuli da erovnebaTSorisi sakiTxi arasworad, 

mxolod administraciul-mbrZanebluri meTodebiT wydeboda. 

davaleba 1: 

a. sonRulaSvili, erovnuli umciresobani da konfesiebi saqarTveloSi, 

I, 2005, gv.209. 

gansazRvre, mecnieris azriT, romeli iyo eTnikuri konfliqtebis yvelaze 

mniSvnelovani mizezi? 

wyaro 2. sagazeTo statia eklesiis gamo religiur davaze 

samcxe-javaxeTis patara sofel ivlitaSi karga xania arsebobs religiur 

niadagze aRmocenebuli konfliqti. aqauri kaTolikebi da marTlmadideblebi 

ver iyofen taZars. amitom jerjerobiT, taZarSi loculobs morwmuneTa 

orive jgufi _ TerTmet saaTamde kaTolikebi, Ter Tmetis Semdeg _ marTlmadideblebi. 

xatebi da sxva siwmindeebic aseve Sereulia _ kaTolikuricaa da 

marTlmadidebluric. saqmis aseTi gadawyvetiT ukmayofiloa yvela. TiToeuli 

mxare cdilobs meore mxaris taZridan gandevnas: kaTolikebi irwmunebian,

om taZari maTi aSenebulia da amitom maTi kuTvnilebaa. marTlmadideblebis 

azriT, taZari maTi agebulia. orive mxare irwmuneba, rom aqvs sakuTari poziciis 

myari argumentebi. saqmes arTulebs isic, rom taZris kuTvnilebis 

sakiTxis gadawyetaSi erevian sxvadasxva politikuri da arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. 

kerZod, marTlmadidebeli winamZRvari da misi mrevli Civis, rom 

Tavisuflebis institutis da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier arian 

Sewuxebuli; am organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi sofelSi Cadian da mouwodeben 

mrevls, datovon taZari. aq igulisxmeba, rom SarSan kavkasiuri institutis 

iniciativiT, sazogadoebis sxvadasxva warmomadgeneli sof. ivlitaSi Cavida, 

radgan gavrcelda cnoba, rom marTlmadidebelma winamZRvarma taZris ezoSi 

dakrZaluli kaTolike misionerebis uZvelesi saflavebi asfaltis fenis qveS 

moaqcevina. winamZRvarma Casulebs ganumarta, rom mas mxolod keTili zraxvebi 

amoZravebda _ surda ukeT Seenaxa saflavebi. 

gazeTi àxali Taoba _ kviridan kviramde~, 

24-25 aprili, 2005 w. 

wyaro 3. presa religiuri konfliqtis Sesaxeb samxreT saqarTvelos 

erT-erT sofelSi 

axalqalaqis raionis somxur sofel winubanSi adgilobrivi kaTolikebi 

evangelist-ormocdaaTianelebs daupirispirdnen. sofelSi 300 mosaxlea, saidanac 

36 ormocdaaTianelia * , danarCeni ki kaTolikebi. gazeTis mixedviT, ormocdaaTianelebis 

mimarT gansakuTrebuli SeuwynareblobiT adgilobrivi ka- 

Tolike mRvdeli – mama poRos grigoriani gamoirCeva, romelic maT winaaRmdeg 

eklesiaSi qadagebs. man ormocdaaTianelebs `karitasis~ fondis humanitaruli 

daxmarebis miwodebac Seuwyvita. saqme iqamde mivida, rom kaTolike Tanasoflelebma 

ormocdaaTianelebs soflis sasaflaoze Sesvla aukrZles – sxva adgili 

moiTxoveTo. gairkva, rom soflis saSualo skolaSi mama poRosi religiis 

gakveTilebs atarebs, rac kanoniTaa akrZaluli; mRvdeli am faqts TviTonac 

ar uaryofs. 

ormocdaaTianelebma Tavisi uflebebis dasacavad saxalxo damcvelis 

ofiss miaSures. faqtebis gadamowmebis Semdeg aq CaTvales, rom adgili aqvs 

aSkara religiur diskriminacias da generalur prokuraturas mimarTes. 

davaleba 2: 

n. frangiSvili, kaTolikeebi ormocdaaTianelebis winaaRmdeg, 

gaz. `rezonansi~, 21 ianvari, 2006 w. 

1. wyaroebis 2 da 3 safuZvelze gansazRvre, ra aris religiuri jgufebis konfliqtis 

konkretuli mizezi? 

2. Seni azriT, ra aris am konfliqturi viTarebis mogvarebis gza? 

* ormocdaaTianelebi _ marTlmadidebluri eklesiis erT-erTi seqta. 

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118 

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wyaro 4. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gancxadeba romis kaTolikuri 

eklesiis mier saqarTvelos zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi 

axalgazrduli klubebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb 

mimdinare wlis 24 agvistos romis 

kaTolikuri eklesiis kardinali, 

vaSingtonis mTavarepiskoposi Teodore 

(makariki) Sexvda sruliad saqarTvelos 

kaTolikos-patriarqs uwmindes 

da unetares ilia II-s. Sexvedras, 

romelic saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi 

gaimarTa, eswrebodnen wminda saydris 

despani saqarTveloSi, mTavarepiskoposi 

monsinior klaudio gujeroti, 

kaTolikuri daxmarebis samsaxuris 

warmomadgenlebi, saqarTvelos samociqulo 

eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebi, 

sxva sasuliero da saero pirebi. 

saubari Seexo kaTolikuri daxmarebis 

samsaxuris mier SemoTava- 

sruliad saqarTvelos 

kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II 

zebul programas `vaSenoT momavali~, romelic iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos 

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi axalgazrduli klubebis Seqmnas. 

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias dauSveblad miaCnia, rom im qveyanaSi, 

romlis mosaxleobis absoluturi umravlesobac marTlmadidebelia, romis 

kaTolikuri eklesiis episkoposTa mier dafuZnebuli organizacia, saqarTvelos 

sapatriarqosTan SeuTanxmeblad, anxorcielebdes saganmanaTleb lo 

programas saero skolebSi, rodesac saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT isini religiisgan 

Tavisufalia. amgvari qmedebani safuZvlian ukmayofilebas iwvevs 

Cvens mosaxleobaSi da Crdils ayenebs romis saydarsa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel 

eklesias Soris arsebul tradiciul urTierTobas. 

Sexvedraze, romelic urTierTpativiscemis atmosferoSi warimarTa, naTlad 

gamoikveTa orive mxaris pozicia, romelTa Sejerebis Sedegad romis kaTolikuri 

eklesiis warmomadgenlobam ganacxada, rom aRniSnuli programa SeCerdeba. 

axali ambebis saagento, 25 agvisto, 2005 weli. 

wyaro 5. kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-isa da saqarTvelos eklesiis 

wminda sinodis mimarTva 

saqarTvelos Zlierebasa da eris erTobas dResac safuZvlad suliereba da 

zneobrioba unda daedos. amasTan aucilebelia TviTmyofadi cnobierebisa da 

kulturis SenarCuneba, romelic mTlianad qristianul msoflmxedvelobazea 

dafuZnebuli. amiT deda eklesia ar qadagebs karCaketilobas da odnavadac ar 

akninebs sxva qveynebTan urTierTobebis mniSvnelobas: piriqiT, yvelam kargad 

viciT, rom Cveni cxovrebis wesis Camoyalibebaze didi gavlena iqonia rogorc 

aRmosavleTma, ise dasavleTma, 

Cveni tradiciisTvis aseve miuRebelia Seuwynarebloba da agresia ucxo 

erebisa da aRmsareblobis warmomadgenlebisadmi. istoriulad saqarTveloSi 

arasodes yofila devna da Seviwroeba eTnikuri da religiuri niSniT. esaa 

mizezi imisa, rom aq mcxovrebi sxva erisa da sarwmunoebis warmomadgenlebi 

siyvaruliT arian ganmsWvalulni Cveni miwa-wylisa da xalxisadmi. 

`sapatriarqos uwyebani~, #35 (243), 5-11 seqtemberi, 2003 w.

wyaro 6. 

a) patriarqis viziti 

azerbaijanSi, religiaTaSorisi 

dialogi _ 

,,urTierTgagebidan TanamSromlobamde”, 

saer- 

TaSoriso konferencia, 

baqo, 2009 weli. 

b) 2008 wlis 29 seqtembers 12 eklesiis warmomadgenelma monawileoba miiRo 

mSvidobis kurTxevaSi eCmiaZinSi (somxeTi). 

davaleba 3: 

1. Seni azriT, ras gulisxmobs kaTolikos-patriarqi karCaketilobaSi? 

2. imsjeleT, motanil wyaroebSi sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis warmomadgenelTa 

Soris warmoqmnili davis gadawyvetis rogori xerxi moinaxa da SeuZliaT 

Tu ara, es ori magaliTi gamoiyenon sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis warmomadgenlebma 

Semdgomi urTierTobebisas. 

3. wyaros 6 (a, b) mixedviT gansazRvre, ra mizniT Seikribnen sxvadasxva religiis 

liderebi. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: istoriidan magaliTebis moSveliebiT, 

ra gavlenas axdens qveynis ganviTarebaze sxvadasxva religiis warmomadgenelTa 

TanamSromloba da urTierTSemwynarebloba? 

119 

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120 

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28. saqarTvelo 

marTlmadideblebisTvis?! 

sakvanZo kiTxva: ramdenad misaRebia fraza: saqarTvelo mxolod 

marTlmadideblebisTvis? 

wyaro 1. Tbilisi, 2010 weli, erT-erTi skolis kedeli 

davaleba 1: 

rogor fiqrobT, skolis kedelze moTavsebuli warwera aris Tu ara sxvadasxva 

aRmsareblobis adamianebisTvis Seuracxmyofeli? 

wyaro 2. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis religiuri Semadgenloba 

2002 wels saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamentma mosaxleobis 

religiurobis niSniT aRwera awarmoa, romlis Sedegebi 2004 wels gaxda 

cnobili. gairkva: saqarTvelos im teritoriis mosaxleoba, romelsac maSin 

centraluri xelisufleba akontrolebda, 4 375 535 suls iTvlida; marTlmadidebleblad 

Tavs 3 666 233 anu 83,9% Tvlida, kaToliked –34 727, anu 0,8%; 

somexTa samociqulo eklesiis wevrad –171 139, anu 3,9%; iudevelad – 3 541, anu 

0,1%; muslimad– 433 784, anu 9,9%; sxva religiis aRmsareblad – 28 631, anu sul 

0,8%; arcerTi religiis mimdevari ar iyo – 28 631, anu 0,6%. 

religiebi saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelTan arsebuli 

tolerantobis centri, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 11.

davaleba 1: 

1. rogor axsni saqarTveloSi amgvar religiur mravalferovnebas? 

2. moitane religiur niadagze warmoqmnili nebismieri konfliqturi viTareba 

saqarTvelos an msoflio istoriidan; konfliqtebis gadaWris ra gzebi 

gamoiyenes da ra Sedegebi mohyva maT? 

wyaro 3. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is mimarTva 

2005 w. noemberSi q. stambulSi Catarda saerTaSoriso konferencia `mSvidoba 

da Semwynarebloba~. konferencias sityviT mimarTa sruliad saqarTvelos 

kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmindesma da unetaresma ilia II-m. man mouwoda 

msoflios sxvadasxva religiis warmomadgenlebs gaerTiandnen da aqtiurad 

Seuwyon xeli erTa Soris ndobisa da urTierTpativiscemis aRdgenas. 

40% 

35% 

30% 

25% 

20% 

15% 

10% 

5% 

0 

38% 

22% 

biblioTeka da religiuri ganaTleba, Tbilisi, 2006, gv. 16. 

davaleba 2: 

1. ra roli SeiZleba iTamaSos eklesiam konfliqturi viTarebis mogvareba- 

Si Tanamedrove epoqaSi? vis SeuZlia kidev amgvari konfliqtebis mogvarebaSi 

monawileobis miReba? 

2. Seni azri, ra kavSirSia erTmaneTTan `mSvidoba da Semwynarebloba~? 

wyaro 4. kulturuli urTierTobis centris „kavkasiuri saxlis“ gamokiTxvis 

Sedegebi. 2004 wlis maisi 

gamoikiTxa Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis 170 studenti _ 65% mamakaci, 

35% qali; gamokiTxul Tagan marTlmadidebelia 96%, aTeisti _ 4%. 

religiuri rwmenis adamianebi, romlebTanac respondentebi 

ar isurvebdnen megobrobas 

grafiki #1 

8% 

7% 

ieRoveli baptisti muslimi budisti protes- sxva nebismi- arc erTi 

tanti eri marTlmadideblis 

garda 

4% 

1% 

17% 

3% 

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122 

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25% 

20% 

15% 

10% 

5% 

0 

religiuri rwmenis adamianebi, romlebTanac respondentebi 

ar isurvebdnen ojaxis Seqmnas 

(grafiki #2) 

23% 

16% 

17% 

13% 

ieRovel- baptist- muslim- budist- protes- sxva nebismi- arc erTTan 

Tan Tan Tan Tan tantTan erTan marTlmadideblis 

garda 

davaleba 3: 

1. daakavSire gamokiTxulTa pasuxebi wyaro 1-sTan da imsjele, ramdenad 

tolerantulia gamokiTxulTa ZiriTadi nawili. 

2. gamoxate Seni damokidebuleba am gamokiTxvis mimarT da Senc gaeci pasuxi 

imave kiTxvebs. 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: 

ratom unda izrunos qveynis mosaxleobis marTlmadidebelma umravlesobam 

sxva aRmsareblobis adamianebis uflebebze? 

4% 

2% 

4% 

22%

123 

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124 

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29. kaTolikebi 

XX saukunis quTaisSi 

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo quTaisis mosaxleobis damokidebuleba 

adgilobrivi kaTolikebis mimarT XX saukuneSi? 

wyaro 1. qarTveli kaTolikebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb 

kaTolike misionerebisa da qarTveli kaTolikebis erT-erT did damsaxurebad 

unda CaiTvalos imereTSi samkurnalo saqmis danergva da misi Semdgomi 

ganviTareba, saafTiaqo saqmis aRorZineba, mcire sawarmo fabrikebis danergva 

da ucxoeTis qveynebTan savaWro ekonomikuri urTierTobebis ganviTareba. isini 

aseve kargad Candnen kulturul da sazogadoebriv ganviTarebaSi. 

nugzar kvaracxelia, quTaiseli kaTolikebi XIX saukuneSi, saqarTvelos 

mecnierebaTa akademiis quTaisis n. berZeniSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo 

istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi. quTaisis muzeumis masalebi, krebuli XI, gv. 97. 

wyaro 2. quTaiseli kaTolikebis saqvelmoqmedo saqmianobis Sesaxeb 

quTaisis kaTolikoba aris swavla-ganaTlebis mimdevari. swavlas emsaxureba 

maTi eklesiac da yvelaferi, rac iq aris. aq hpoveben Svebas da mfarvelobas 

gvemulni, Ratakni, qvrivni, oxerni, moxucni da uqonelni. mis xidad ki xsenebuli 

eklesia aris gamxdari da mis SeZlebul mrevlTa wvlili, romelsac 

isini xSirad gaiReben xolme. 

z. WiWinaZe, kaTolikeTa eklesia saqarTveloSi, quTaisi, 1903, gv. 75. 

wyaro 3. quTaisis kaTolikuri eklesia

wyaro 4. kaTolike sasuliero pirebis moRvaweoba quTaisSi 

Cemi bavSvobis dros kaTolikeTa eklesiaSi mRvdeli don damiane saakaS- 

vili qalaqis yvela bavSvs uyvarda. axla, rom vukvirdebi, maocebs is damokidebuleba, 

romelic maSin kaTolike patrs hqonda xalxTan... imden SesaniSnav 

ambavs gviyveboda es `frangi mRvdeli~,... sxvaTaSoris, igi naklebad exeboda 

religiis sakiTxebs. misi Tema iyo saqarTvelos istoria... Cvenc warmoSobiT 

marTlmadidebeli bavSvebi, romlebic metad aTeisturad viyaviT ganwyobili, 

sulganabuli vusmendiT padres. 

davaleba 1: 

mamia asaTiani, geguTis Zelqvebi, 

gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tbilisi, 1968, gv. 335-336. 

1. gaecani wyaroebs 1-4, upasuxe kiTxvebs, miuTiTe Sesabamisi wyaro: 

a) rogor dasaxldnen kaTolikebi quTaisSi? 

b) rogori iyo adgilobrivi mosaxleobis damokidebuleba kaTolikeTa mimarT? 

g) ratom eZaxdnen padre don damiane saakaSvils `frang mRvdels~? 

2. aRwere kaTolikeTa saqmianoba da Seafase igi? 

3. airCie wyaro 4-dan erTi winadadeba, romliTac daasaTaurebdi narkvevs 

quTaisel kaTolikebze 

wyaro 5. kaTolikebis saganmanaTleblo moRvaweobis Sesaxeb 

XIX-XX saukuneebis mijnaze quTaisSi cnobili pirovneba iyo ioseb ivanes Ze 

ocxeli. 1892 wels man quTaisSi daaarsa sabavSvo baRi, romelic 1903 wlamde arsebobda. 

1901 wlidan iyo quTaisis saTavadaznauro skolis gamge, romelic 1904 

wels misi iniciativiT gimnaziad gadakeTda da sikvdilamde mas xelmZRvanelobda. 

ioseb ocxeli iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis 

quTaisis ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare. sxvasTan erTad, misi erT-erTi damsaxurebaa 

quTaisSi wignis gamomcemlobis `ganaTleba~ da `Skolas~ daarseba. 

nugzar kvaracxelia, quTaiseli kaTolikebi XIX s-Si, 

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis quTaisis n. berZeniSvilis saxelobis 

saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi. 

quTaisis muzeumis masalebi, krebuli XI, gv. 96. 

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wyaro 6. quTaisis guberniis Tavadaznauroba adgilobrivi skolis 

aRmzrdelze 

mis aRmatebulebas baton kavkasiis olqis mzrunvels 

quTaisis guberniis aznaurebisagan 

g a n c x a d e b a 

qvemore amisa xelis momwerni gTxovT miaqcioT Tqveni yuradReba quTaisis sa- 

Tavadaznauro skolas. adgilobrivma komitetma warmoadgina skolis inspeqtoris 

Tanamdebobaze kaci, Tumca umaRlesi ganaTlebiT, magram ara marTlmadidebluri 

sarwmunoebis. TavadaznaurTa skolaSi, romelic inaxeba TavadaznaurTa 

saSualebiT, swavlobs 500 bavSvi. yvelani quTaisis guberniis TavadaznaurTa 

Svilebia, sarwmunoebiT marTlmadidebelni... ar gvsurs Cveni Svilebis aRmzrdeli 

iyos kaTolike. batoni ioseb ocxeli WeSmariti kaTolikea.~ 

quTaisi, 1900 wlis 12 dekemberi 

xels awers 15 aznauri. 

ilia genZexaZe, ioseb ocxeli, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 

quTaisis filiali, 1989, gv.9. 

davaleba 2: 

gaecani wyaroebs 5 da 6. ganixile, ra Sedegi mohyveboda gancxadebas? daasabuTe 

Seni varaudi. 

wyaro 7. adgilobrivi Tavadaznauri qalis pasuxi 

ai xelT maqvs piri im samarcxvino gancxadebisa, im saocari mowmobisa, Cveni 

Tavadaznaurobis sibnelisa, sibeCavisa, gonebrivi sisustisa da sruli gamoTayvanebisa... 

ai moismineT, ras weren es vaJbatonebi mis aRmatebulebas kavkasiis 

olqis mzrunvels: ocxelis moSorebas Txouloben! xels awers TxuTmeti aznauri! 

eseni arian Tqveni mowinave mamuliSvilebi da keTilSobili aznaurebi?... 

zogjer me mrcxvenia, rom maT wodebas vekuTvni!.. 

taso lorTqifaniZe, mSobeli, Tengiz buaCiZis deda. 

Tengiz buaCiZe*, aRsareba, gamomcemloba `merani~, Tbilisi, 1986, gv. 21. 

davaleba 3. 

1. ipove wyaroSi 6 is sityvebi, romliTac quTaiselma qalbatonma gancxadebisadmi 

Tavisi damokidebuleba gamoxata. 

2. monaxe wyaroebSi 5 da 6 msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis niSnebi. 

3. ilia genZexaZis wignSi ìoseb ocxeli~ (quTaisi, 1989, gv. 9) miTiTebulia, 

rom aznaurTa gancxadebas Sedegi ar mohyolia. axseni, raze metyvelebs es? 

4. moitane da ganixile SenTvis cnobili msgavsi magaliTebi Tanamedroveobidan. 

* Tengiz buaCiZe _ quTaisis mkvidri, mwerali.

wyaro 8. zaqaria faliaSvilis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb 

a) didi saeklesio da sazogado moRvawe sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos 

patriarqi kalistrate cincaZe da saxelovani kompozitori zaqaria faliaSvili, 

aRmsareblobaTa sxvaobis miuxedavad, erTad iRvwodnen pedagogiur da 

saeklesio safuZvelze. z. faliaSvilma quTaisis kaTolikur eklesiaSi aRzrdilma, 

Semdgom _ Tbilisis feriscvalobis kaTolikuri taZris orRanistma 

da regentma, Tavs ido qarTuli marTlmadidebluri sagaloblebis Seswavla 

da damuSaveba. man saqarTveloSi pirvelma gadaiRo notebze `wminda ioane 

oqropiris wirvis wesi~ da Seadgina qal-vaJTa oTx xmaze mgalobeli gundi. 

nugzar papuaSvili, zaqaria faliaSvili _ mogoneba, 

gazeTi `saqarTvelos kaTolike~, Tbilisi, Jurnali `saba~, Tbilisi, 

#1, 1994, aprili, gv. 5. 

b) xom iciT `frangi“ var da roca `frangebis~ yuramde miva Saqro (zaqaria) 

sakuTari iniciativiT swers marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sagaloblebs, meti 

rom ar vTqva, ar momiwonebeno. sul sxva STabeWdileba moxdeba, roca gaigeben 

Saqro sazogadoebis davalebiT swers sagaloblebso,~ _ uTqvams kaTolikos 

patriarq kalistrate cincaZisaTvis zaqaria faliaSvils (1938 w). 

davaleba 4: 

nugzar papuaSvili, zaqaria faliaSvili _ mogoneba, Jurnali `saba~, 

#9 (21), 2004, seqtemberi, gv. 6. 

1. axseni wyaro 7-is safuZvelze: 

a) ras gulisxmobdnen Tanamedroveebi saxelwodeba `frangis~ qveS? 

b) risi eSinoda zaqaria faliaSvils? 

wyaro 9. saqvelmoqmedo fondis `saqarTvelos karitasis~ Sesaxeb 

15 welia moqmedebs quTaisSi da mTel saqarTveloSi kaTolikur eklesiasTan 

arsebuli saqvelmoqmedo fondi `karitasi~, romelic axorcielebs humanitarul 

proeqtebs. bavSvTa saganmanaTleblo centri, ufaso ambulatoria 

invalidTa da pensionerTaTvis, ufaso medikamentebi, Sin movlis sapatronaJo 

samsaxuri, devnilebis daxmarebis programa, ufaso sasadilo umweoTaTvis, 

puris sacxobi (30 dasaqmebuli). am proeqtebSi dasaqmebulTa absoluturi umravlesoba 

marTlmadidebelia. 

davaleba 5. 

interviu levan begiSvilTan, saqvelmoqmedo fondis `saqarTvelos karitasis~ 

xelmZRvanelTan, Caiwera naTia namiWeiSvilma, 2010, 5 ivnisi. 

1. Seadare wyaro 9 wina wyaroebs da axseni, ra cvlilebebi moxda kaTolikebsa 

da marTlmadideblebs Soris urTierTobaSi? 

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ratom Tvlidnen Tavs sxvadasxva konfesiis 

adamianebi, maT Soris, kaTolikebi, upirvelesad, WeSmarit quTaislebad? 

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mravaleTnikuri saqarTvelo

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