saqarTvelo da regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia
saqarTvelo da regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia saqarTvelo da regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia
saqarTvelo da regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia jonatan uiTli ECMI-is samuSao moxseneba # 42 ivnisi, 2009 w. umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI) ECMI saTavo ofisi: Sifbriuke 12 (kompagnietor) D-24939 flensburgi, germania tel: +49-(0) 461-14 14 9-0 faqsi +49-(0) 461-14 14 9-19 vebgverdi: http://www.ecmi.de
- Page 2 and 3: ECMI-is samuSao moxseneba # 42 umci
- Page 4 and 5: I. Sesavali saqarTvelo mravalenovan
- Page 6 and 7: adreul 2000-ian wlebSi saxelmwifos
- Page 8 and 9: moxsenebis meore nawilSi ganxiluli
- Page 10 and 11: omis Semdgom, daaxloebiT 1920 wlisa
- Page 12 and 13: kavkasiuri bacburi naxuri, CrdiloaR
- Page 14 and 15: adgilobrivi ena, romelzec saubrobda
- Page 16 and 17: done da is, Tu ramdenad “dialeqti
- Page 18 and 19: 2. dacvis saWiroeba CamoTvlili eneb
- Page 20 and 21: erTi SexedviT, megruls da svanurs a
- Page 22 and 23: qarTvelis, rogorc eTnikurad eqskluz
- Page 24 and 25: ararsebobis gamo es Temebi TavianTi
- Page 26 and 27: sakuTari instrumentis Sesabamisad,
- Page 28 and 29: cxovrebaSi danergvis uzrunvelyofisk
- Page 30 and 31: 1. ganaTleba qartiis muxlSi 8.1, ke
- Page 32 and 33: ac Seexeba muxlis 8 sxva punqtebs,
- Page 34 and 35: saqarTvelos SemTxevaSi muxlSi 9 moc
- Page 36 and 37: warmomadgenlobiT da aRmasrulebel or
- Page 38 and 39: 4. mediis saSualebebi saqarTvelos x
- Page 40 and 41: sWirdeba regionalur an umciresobaTa
- Page 42 and 43: finansuri mxardaWera naklebad savar
- Page 44 and 45: teritoriebze, sadac es enebi farTod
- Page 46 and 47: evr qveyanaSi, romlebmac ukve moaxd
- Page 48 and 49: ) "teritoria, romelzedac gamoiyeneb
- Page 50 and 51: gamoricxva, SezRudva an upiratesobi
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
<strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>qartia</strong><br />
jonat<strong>an</strong> uiTli<br />
ECMI-is samuSao moxseneba # 42<br />
ivnisi, 2009 w.<br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> sakiTxebis <strong>evropuli</strong> centri (ECMI)<br />
ECMI saTavo ofisi: Sifbriuke 12 (kompagnietor) D-24939 flensburgi, germ<strong>an</strong>ia<br />
tel: +49-(0) 461-14 14 9-0 faqsi +49-(0) 461-14 14 9-19 vebgverdi: http://www.ecmi.de
ECMI-is samuSao moxseneba # 42<br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> sakiTxebis <strong>evropuli</strong> centri (ECMI)<br />
saavtoro uflebebi 2009 wlisTvis ekuTvnis <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> sakiTxbis<br />
evropul centrs (ECMI)<br />
gamoqveynebulia 2009 wlis ivnisSi <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> sakiTxebis <strong>evropuli</strong><br />
centris mier (ECMI)<br />
ISSN: 1435-9812<br />
2
sarCevi<br />
I. Sesavali..........................................................................................................................................................4<br />
II. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si enobrivi mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba......................8<br />
1. nawilis II-is gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> moculoba....................................................................................8<br />
2. <strong>da</strong>cvis saWiroeba....................................................................................................................................18<br />
3. <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> qartiis<br />
nawili II-is Sesabamisad...................................................................................................................20<br />
III. enobrivi uflebebi <strong>da</strong> samoqalaqo integracia..........................................24<br />
1. g<strong>an</strong>aTleba.......................................................................................................................................................30<br />
2. marTlmsajulebis sistema.................................................................................................................33<br />
3. saxelmwifo xelisuflebis org<strong>an</strong>oebi............................................................................35<br />
4. mediis saSualebebi..............................................................................................................................38<br />
5. kultura..........................................................................................................................................................41<br />
6. ekonomikuri saqmi<strong>an</strong>obebi...............................................................................................................43<br />
7. sazRvarTSorisi gacvla................................................................................................................44<br />
8. nawili III-is gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> Sejameba.......................................................................................44<br />
IV. <strong>da</strong>skvna.........................................................................................................................................................45<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi 1:<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>qartia</strong>..................................47<br />
3
I. Sesavali<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong> mravalenov<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong> mravaleTnikur sazogadoebas<br />
warmoadgens. mraval <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enaze saubroben <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si, maT<br />
Sorisa: afxazuri, osuri, azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli, somxuri, rusuli, ukrainuli,<br />
kurm<strong>an</strong>ji (qurTuli), CeCnuri (qisturi), otom<strong>an</strong>uri Turquli, pontiuri<br />
berZnuli, siriuli, avaruli, wova-TuSuri <strong>da</strong> udinuri. amis gar<strong>da</strong>,<br />
qarTuli mosaxleobis umetesoba saubrobs oTx g<strong>an</strong>sxvavebul enaze –<br />
qarTuli, megruli, sv<strong>an</strong>uri <strong>da</strong> lazuri – Tumca isini ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
adgilobriv enebs warmoadgenen <strong>da</strong> ar gamoiyeneba weriTi formiT.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciis me-8 muxlis T<strong>an</strong>axmad, oficialuri saxelmwifo<br />
ena aris qarTuli, afxazeTSi aseve afxazuri. <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> umetesi<br />
nawili gamoiyeneba mxolod qveynis calkeul regionebSi.<br />
1999 wlis aprilSi, evropis sabWoSi gawevri<strong>an</strong>ebisas, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m<br />
valdebuleba aiRo, xeli moewera <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong><br />
evropul <strong>qartia</strong>ze <strong>da</strong> misi ratificireba moexdina gawevri<strong>an</strong>ebi<strong>da</strong>n erTi<br />
wlis g<strong>an</strong>mavlobaSi. Tumca evropis saWoSi gawevri<strong>an</strong>ebi<strong>da</strong>n aTi wlis Semdeg,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s arc <strong>qartia</strong>ze mouweria xeli <strong>da</strong> arc misi ratificireba<br />
mouxdenia.<br />
am sakiTxis <strong>da</strong>yovnebis ramodenime mizezi arsebobs. erT-erTi maTg<strong>an</strong>i<br />
aris is, rom prezident eduard SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis bolo periodSi,<br />
romelic sabolood 2003 wlis noemberSi vardebis revoluciiT <strong>da</strong>mTavr<strong>da</strong>,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong> nel-nela kargav<strong>da</strong> stimuls, ufro sruli integracia moexdina<br />
evropul struqturebT<strong>an</strong>. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s gawevri<strong>an</strong>ebas evropis sabWoSi 1999<br />
wels xelmZRv<strong>an</strong>elob<strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s parlamentis Tavmjdomare zurab<br />
Jv<strong>an</strong>ia, romelic evropul struqturebT<strong>an</strong> integraciis mxar<strong>da</strong>mWeri iyo.<br />
Tumca 2001 wlis bolosaTvis, Jv<strong>an</strong>ia <strong>da</strong> misi momxreebi warmoadgendnen<br />
opozicias <strong>da</strong> eduard SevardnaZis ukiduresad izolirebuli<br />
mTavrobisaTvis evropis sabWoSi srulyofili monawileoba ar iyo<br />
prioriteti. vardebis revoluciis Semdeg, pro-<strong>evropuli</strong> politikuri<br />
4
orientacia aRdgenil iqna <strong>da</strong> 2005 wlis bolos parlamentma erovnul<br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis CarCo-konvenciis ratificireba moaxdina. am<br />
mniSvnelov<strong>an</strong>i nabijis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mTavroba ar gamoxatavs<br />
mondomebas moaxdinos <strong>enebis</strong> qartiis ratifikacia.<br />
Seyovnebis erT-erTi mizezi aris qarTulenov<strong>an</strong>i mosaxleobis<br />
umravlesobaSi gavrcelebuli sazogadoebrivi azri, romelsac mxars uWers<br />
parlamentarebis <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo moxeleebis didi nawili. ena Zali<strong>an</strong><br />
politizirebuli sakiTxia <strong>da</strong> qarTul enas miniWebuli aqvs TiTqmis wmin<strong>da</strong><br />
statusi, rogorc qarTuli eris arsebobis wyaros. enis centralurma<br />
poziciam eTno-nacionalur politikur SexedulebaSi apogeas miaRwia 1980-<br />
i<strong>an</strong>i wlebis bolos <strong>da</strong> 1990-i<strong>an</strong>i wlebis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukideblobisTvis brZolis periodSi, Tumca igi dResac aqtualuria.<br />
amavdroulad, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoyeneba g<strong>an</strong>isazRvreba<br />
qarTuli umravlesobis mier rogorc Secdoma, romelic saWiroebs<br />
Sesworebas. amas agreTve emateba is azri, rom erovnuli umciresobebi<br />
warmoadgenen Tavisebur “mesame kolonas”, romelTa erTguleba<br />
saxelmwifos mimarT arasdros ar aris gar<strong>an</strong>tirebuli. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
mosaxleobis umravlesobisTvis filosofiur gamowvevas warmoadgens imis<br />
gaTviTcnobiereba, rom <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi warmoadgenen qveynisTvis<br />
kulturuli simdidris wyaros.<br />
Tumca, es ideologiuri midgoma ar aris erTaderTi mizezi imisa, rom<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m dRemde ar moawera xeli <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>qartia</strong>s. agreTve arsebobs<br />
sakmaod praqtikuli sakiTxi, SeiZleba Tu ara, erTi mxriv, integraciis<br />
miznebis <strong>da</strong>, meore mxriv, <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> waxalisebis, SeT<strong>an</strong>xmeba.<br />
erTi<strong>an</strong>i sazogadoebis, <strong>an</strong>u demosis, romelic efuZneba cnebas “Cven, eri”,<br />
Seqmnis sakiTxSi <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s ZiriTad problemas warmoadgens erTi<strong>an</strong>i enis<br />
ararseboba, romelzec mTeli eri isaubrebs. es sakiTxi<br />
problematuriaATiTqmis yvela yofili sabWoTa kavSiris respublikisaTvis.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si es problema g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebuli simwvaviT <strong>da</strong>dga 1990-i<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
5
adreul 2000-i<strong>an</strong> wlebSi saxelmwifos sisustis gamo, rasac <strong>da</strong>emata<br />
geografiulad izolirebuli araqarTulenov<strong>an</strong>i mosaxleobis qveynis<br />
samoqalaqo cxovrebaSi integraciis warumatebeli mcdelobebi. 2002 wlis<br />
mosaxlebis saerTo aRweriTi monacemebis T<strong>an</strong>axmad, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s erovnuli<br />
umciresobebis mxolod 31%-i Tavisuflad flobs qarTul enas; 1979 wels<br />
es maCvenebeli 19,5% Seadgen<strong>da</strong> 1 . procentuli zr<strong>da</strong> Zali<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>balia,<br />
g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebiT, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom erovnuli umciresobebis mravalma<br />
warmomadgenelma <strong>da</strong>tova qvey<strong>an</strong>a <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis miRebis Semdeg <strong>da</strong><br />
logikuria <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom isini vinc cu<strong>da</strong>d flobdnen <strong>an</strong> saerTod ar<br />
flob<strong>da</strong> qarTul enas, eqnebo<strong>da</strong>T wasvlis yvelaze didi mizezi. amitom,<br />
SesaZlebelia, rom es <strong>da</strong>bali zr<strong>da</strong>c ki (19,5%-<strong>da</strong>n 31%-mde) aris ufro<br />
imigraciis Sedegi, vidre saxelmwifo enis gaumjobesebuli codnis<br />
maCvenebeli. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, rom TiTqmis yvela beWdviTi masala<br />
<strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo dokumenti qveyndeba qarTul enaze, bevr TemSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
umciresobebis enebze molaparake mosaxleobaa koncentrirebuli, romlebic<br />
cu<strong>da</strong>d flobs <strong>an</strong> saerTod ar flobs qarTul enas, imyofebi<strong>an</strong> informaciul<br />
vakuumSi <strong>da</strong> mciredi warmodgena aqvT qvey<strong>an</strong>aSi mimdinare movlenebze. es<br />
g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebiT miesa<strong>da</strong>geba qvemo qarTlsa <strong>da</strong> samcxe-javaxeTSi mcxovreb<br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong> somxur Temebs, sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparake<br />
sazogadoebasTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTiabeli iyo sakuTari Tavis azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong><br />
somxur, <strong>da</strong> ara qarTul kulturul sivrcesT<strong>an</strong> mimxrobis tendencia.<br />
samoqalaqo integraciis problemis ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta mdgomareobs<br />
WeSmaritad mravalenov<strong>an</strong>i sazogadoebis g<strong>an</strong>viTarebaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c instituciur<br />
doneze arsebobs orenovnebis (bilingualizmis) waxalisebis tendencia <strong>da</strong><br />
ar aqvs adgili izolacionizmis <strong>da</strong> sazogado sfero<strong>da</strong>n <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
<strong>enebis</strong> aRmofxvras. <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparake mosaxleobisTvis<br />
saWiroa motivaciis Seqmna, g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebiT axalgazr<strong>da</strong> TaobisTvis, raTa<br />
1 wyaroebi: <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mosaxleobis 2002 wlis<br />
pirveli erovnuli sayovelTao aRweris Sedegebi; <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s ssr-is centraluri statistikuri<br />
uwyeba, sabWoTa kavSiris mosaxleobis aRweris Sedegebi 1979 wlisTvis <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s respublikaSi<br />
(Tbilisi, 1980 w.).<br />
6
maT survili hqondeT iswavlon qarTuli ena <strong>da</strong> am gziT integrireba<br />
moaxdinon qveynis socialur, ekonomikur <strong>da</strong> politikur cxovrebaSi.<br />
amavdroulad, saWiroa <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparake mosaxleobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rwmuneba, rom saxelmwifo namdvilad afasebs maT enebs <strong>da</strong> kulturas <strong>da</strong><br />
ar aqvs “faruli gegma”, moaxdinos maTi asimilacia.<br />
MTumca, erTis mxriv, qarTuli sazogadoeba xasiaTdeba samoqalaqo<br />
integraciis sferoSi gamocdilebis ar qoniT <strong>da</strong> didi enobrivi Temebis<br />
metnaklebad g<strong>an</strong>calkevebuli g<strong>an</strong>viTarebiT – rogoricaa qarTvelebi,<br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>elebi qvemo qarTlSi <strong>da</strong> somxebi samcxe-javaxeTSi, ufro patara<br />
enobriv jgufebs naklebi saSualeba hqon<strong>da</strong>T sakuTari kulturuli<br />
TviTmyofadobis Ses<strong>an</strong>arCuneblad <strong>da</strong> SeiZleba asimilacia maT xelsayrel<br />
piroba<strong>da</strong>c ki CaeTvalaT - es yvelaze metad miesa<strong>da</strong>geba Zalze<br />
mcirericxov<strong>an</strong> enobriv Temebs, rogoricaa, magaliTad, udinebi, wova-TuSebi,<br />
avarebi <strong>da</strong> asirielebi, romlebsac naklebad gaaCniaT SesaZlebloba miscen<br />
sakuTar Svilebs g<strong>an</strong>aTleba mSobliur enaze. am umciresobebs, somxebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>elebisg<strong>an</strong> g<strong>an</strong>sxvavebiT, ar aqvT monaTesave saxelmwifo, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
gaaJRereben Tavis problemas, <strong>da</strong> praqtikulad ar gaaCniaT sakuTari enis<br />
SenarCunebis saSualeba. amitom saWiroa <strong>da</strong>uyoneblivi <strong>da</strong> aqtiuri zomebis<br />
miReba, am <strong>enebis</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>sarCenad. <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong><br />
<strong>evropuli</strong> qartiis meore nawilSi aRwerilia meq<strong>an</strong>izmi, romelic am miznis<br />
miRwevas SesaZlebels xdis.<br />
winamdebare moxseneba gayofilia or nawilad. pirvelSi me g<strong>an</strong>vixilav<br />
im <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> SenarCunebis sakiTxs, romlebsac<br />
gaqroba emuqreba. es exeba ara marto zemoTCamoTvlil <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebs,<br />
aramed sam regionalur qarTul enasac – megrul, sv<strong>an</strong>ur <strong>da</strong> lazur enebs,<br />
rac politikurad sakamaToa, radg<strong>an</strong> maTi aRiareba g<strong>an</strong>sxvavebul enebad<br />
SeiZleba interpretirebul iqnas, rogorc muqara qarTuli eris erTi<strong>an</strong>obis<br />
mimarT. am moxs<strong>enebis</strong> pirvel nawilSi g<strong>an</strong>xiluli iqneba am <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva<br />
enebrovi qartiis meore nawilSi aRwerili meq<strong>an</strong>izmebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
7
moxs<strong>enebis</strong> meore nawilSi g<strong>an</strong>xiluli iqneba is enebi, romlebzec<br />
saubroben didi, teritoriulad kompaqturi erovnuli umciresobebi,<br />
kerZod, azerbaij<strong>an</strong>elebi <strong>da</strong> somxebi. saWiroa am <strong>enebis</strong> mxar<strong>da</strong>WerisTvis im<br />
regionebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c isini farTod gamoiyeneba, konkretuli zomebis miReba.<br />
problema isaa, rom saWiroa maTi sazogado cxovrebaSi gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> iseTi<br />
xelSewyoba, rom zi<strong>an</strong>i ar miadges qarTuli enis saxelmwifo statuss <strong>an</strong><br />
xeli ar SeeSalos azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli <strong>da</strong> somxuri umciresobebis integracias<br />
qarTul sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. amisTvis saWiroa g<strong>an</strong>vixiloT, Tu<br />
rogor SeiZleba enobrivi qartiis mesame nawilis debulebebis gamoyeneba am<br />
<strong>enebis</strong> mimarT.<br />
II. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si enobrivi mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba<br />
enobrivi qartiis ZiriTadi konceptualuri principi albaT aris<br />
“<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> aRiareba kulturuli simdidris<br />
gamoxatulebad” (muxli 7.1a). am principi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, SeiZleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enis <strong>da</strong>kargva qveynis<br />
kulturuli simdidrisTvis <strong>da</strong>nakargia. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, enobrivi<br />
mravalferovneba g<strong>an</strong>ixileba, rogorc faseuloba, romelic <strong>da</strong>cvas<br />
saWiroebs. moxs<strong>enebis</strong> am nawilis miz<strong>an</strong>ia <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s enobrivi<br />
mravalferovnebis g<strong>an</strong>xilva, Tavi<strong>da</strong>n imis g<strong>an</strong>sazRvrebiT, Tu ra<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi arsebobs <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad,<br />
qartiis nawili II–is gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> moculobis g<strong>an</strong>sazRvra; Semdeg am <strong>enebis</strong><br />
winaSe aresebuli safrTxeebis Seswavla <strong>da</strong> bolos, imis g<strong>an</strong>xilva, Tu<br />
rogor SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas nawili II am enebT<strong>an</strong> mimarTebaSi <strong>da</strong> ra<br />
meq<strong>an</strong>izmebi arsebobs maTi <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>viTarebisTvis.<br />
1. nawili II-is gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> moculoba<br />
J<strong>an</strong>-mari vurlingis T<strong>an</strong>axmad, enobrivi qartiis meore nawili (<strong>an</strong>u muxli 7)<br />
gulisxmobs mis gamoyenebas yvela regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enis<br />
8
mimarT. 2 magram, es varaudi, Tavis mxriv, iwvevs kiTxvas, Tu ras warmoadgens<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> ena. aq sayuradRebo muxls warmoadgens<br />
muxli 1a, romelSic naTqvamia:<br />
am qartiis miznebisTvis:<br />
a. “<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi” aris is enebi, romlebic:<br />
i. tradiciulad gamoiyeneba saxelmwifos garkveul teritoriaze misi<br />
moqalaqeebis mier, romlebic Seadgenen saxelmwifos <strong>da</strong>narCen mosaxleobaze<br />
ricxobrivad ufro patara jgufs; <strong>da</strong><br />
ii. g<strong>an</strong>sxvavdeba saxelmwifos oficialur enis/<strong>enebis</strong>g<strong>an</strong>;<br />
amaSi ar Sedis saxelmwifos oficialuri enis/<strong>enebis</strong> dialeqtebi <strong>an</strong><br />
migr<strong>an</strong>tTa enebi.<br />
cxrilSi 1 (ix. qvemoT) mocemulia <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si arsebuli <strong>da</strong><br />
aRiarebuli yvela enis CamonaTvali, maT Sorisaa enebi, romlebic yvelaze<br />
metad akmayofileben enobrivi qartiis muxlSi 1a Camoyalibebul<br />
kriteriumebs, <strong>da</strong> agreTve enebi, romlebic ar Seesabameba maT cxramet enas.<br />
sinamdvileSi Seesabameba muxlSi 1-Si CamoTvlil kriteriumebs: afxzuri,<br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli, somxuri, rusuli, osuri, kurm<strong>an</strong>ji, ukrainuli, CeCnuri,<br />
urum Turquli, ponturi berZnuli, asiriuli neo-aramauli, boht<strong>an</strong>uri neo-<br />
arameuli, avaruli <strong>da</strong> bacburi. momdevno cxra ena – germ<strong>an</strong>uli, polonuri,<br />
boSuri, moldovuri, estonuri, latvuri, litvuri, Cexuri <strong>da</strong> bulgaruli.<br />
udinuri ena SesZloa CaiTvalos sasazRvro SemTxvevad. Udinuri,<br />
romelzec saubroben <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s yvarlis raionis sofel oqtomberSi,<br />
mniSvnelov<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvas saWiroebs <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi zomebis gatarebis gareSe,<br />
SesaZloa mkv<strong>da</strong>r enad iqces. sinamdvileSi, am enaze mxolod sam sofelSi<br />
saubroben (erT - qarTul zemoTxsenebul sofelSi <strong>da</strong> or - azerbaij<strong>an</strong>Si<br />
mdebare sofelSi). Tumca <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si arsebuli udinuri ena ar SeiZleba<br />
miCneul iqnes tradiciul enad, radg<strong>an</strong> es ena Semot<strong>an</strong>il iqna migr<strong>an</strong>tebis<br />
mier azerbaij<strong>an</strong>i<strong>da</strong>n, romlebic gadmosaxldnen <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si I msoflio<br />
2 J<strong>an</strong>-mari vurlingi, <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>qartia</strong>: kritikuli komentari<br />
(strasburgi: evrosabWos gamomcemloba, 2005 w.).<br />
9
omis Semdgom, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 1920 wlisaTvis. aqve un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom<br />
Sefasebis praqtikis mixedviT, magaliTisaTvis: makedoniuri ena serbeTSi <strong>da</strong><br />
Cexuri slovakeTSi, enobrivi qartiis eqspertTa komitetma, I msoflio omis<br />
<strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdgom gavrcelebuli enebi, regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
enebad miiCnia. Sesabimasad, udinuri ena ar eqvemdebare <strong>regionaluri</strong><br />
qartiiT <strong>da</strong>cvas. dRev<strong>an</strong>delobis gaTvaliswinebiT, igi SeiZleba ramodenime<br />
weliwadSi qartiis <strong>da</strong>cvis qveS moeqces.<br />
<strong>da</strong>narCeni oTxi ena – latviuri, Cexuri, boSuri <strong>da</strong> moldovuri,<br />
savaraudod ar akmayofilebs kriteriums, vinai<strong>da</strong>n warmoadgenen migr<strong>an</strong>tTa<br />
mier Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT axlax<strong>an</strong>s gavrcelebul enebs, <strong>an</strong>u umetswilad sabWoTa<br />
periodSi. idiSuri, romelzec saubrobs ebraelTa mosaxleobis mcire<br />
nawili <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si, aseve sul axlax<strong>an</strong>s iqna wamoweuli wina pl<strong>an</strong>ze,<br />
rogorc ebrauli ploretariatis ena <strong>da</strong> aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, ver<br />
akmayofilebs kriteriums.<br />
cxrili 1: <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si<br />
ena enobrivi ojaxi saubroben mosaxleobis<br />
ricxvi,<br />
romelic<br />
mSobliur<br />
enad<br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli<br />
qvejgufi,<br />
Turquli<br />
somxuri Trakiuli<br />
qvejgufi, indo<strong>evropuli</strong><br />
miiCnevs 3<br />
adgilmdebareoba<br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>elebi 283,632 marneulis, bolnisis,<br />
dm<strong>an</strong>isis raionebi<br />
(mosaxleobis 50%-ze<br />
meti). agreTve<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>bnis, sagarejos,<br />
lagodexis <strong>da</strong><br />
Telavis raionebi<br />
(10%-ze meti).<br />
somxebi 235,653 axalqalaqis <strong>da</strong><br />
ninowmindis raionebi<br />
(90%-ze meti), walkis<br />
3 monacemebSi ar Sedis afxazeTisa <strong>da</strong> samxreT oseTis regionebSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s saxelmwifos ver axorcielebs mmarTvelobas <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c ar arsebobs mosaxleobis<br />
aRweris uaxlesi monacemebi. wyaroebi: (azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli, somxuri, ukrainuli <strong>da</strong> rusuli <strong>enebis</strong>Tvis)<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s statistikis saxelmwipo departamenti, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mosaxleobis 2002 wlis pireveli<br />
erovnuli sayovelTao aRweris Sedegebi (Tbilisi: 2003 w.); (sxvebisTvis) miaxlovebuli monacemebi,<br />
miRebuli ECMI-is Sefasebebi<strong>da</strong>n 2006-2009 wlebisTvis.<br />
10
afxazuri Crdilo<strong>da</strong>savlur<br />
kavkasiuri<br />
rusuli slavuri<br />
qvejgufi, indo<strong>evropuli</strong><br />
osuri ir<strong>an</strong>uli<br />
qvejgufi, indo-<br />
<strong>evropuli</strong><br />
kurm<strong>an</strong>ji ir<strong>an</strong>uli<br />
qvejgufi, indo-<br />
<strong>evropuli</strong><br />
ukrainuli slavuri<br />
qvejgufi,<br />
<strong>evropuli</strong>indo-<br />
CeCnuri<br />
naxuri qvejgufi,<br />
(qisturi) kavkasiuri<br />
idiSi germ<strong>an</strong>uli,<br />
indo-<strong>evropuli</strong><br />
germ<strong>an</strong>uli germ<strong>an</strong>uli,<br />
indo-<strong>evropuli</strong><br />
polonuri <strong>da</strong>savlur<br />
slavuri, indo<strong>evropuli</strong><br />
boSuri indo-ir<strong>an</strong>uli,<br />
indo-<strong>evropuli</strong><br />
11<br />
raioni (50%-ze meti).<br />
agreTve axalcixis <strong>da</strong><br />
aspinZis raionebi<br />
(10%-ze meti). didi<br />
ricxvia agreTve<br />
TbilisSi.<br />
afxazebi <strong>da</strong>ax. 3,500 aWara, Tbilisi,<br />
rusTavi<br />
rusebi, zogierTi<br />
sxva<br />
umciresobac,<br />
g<strong>an</strong>sakuTr.,<br />
Tbiliseli<br />
somxebi <strong>da</strong> osebi<br />
83,007 yvela mTavari<br />
qalaqis centri,<br />
g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebiT<br />
Tbilisi; zogierTi<br />
soflis regionebi,<br />
g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebiT<br />
kaxeTsa <strong>da</strong><br />
ninowmindis<br />
raionebSi<br />
osebi 31,381 kaxeTi, Si<strong>da</strong> qarTli,<br />
mcxeTa-mTiuleTi<br />
qurTebi/iezidebi <strong>da</strong>ax. 10,000 Tbilisi, Telavi,<br />
sxva urb<strong>an</strong>uli<br />
teritoriebi<br />
ukrainelebi 5,466 mTavari<br />
centrebi,<br />
qalaqebis<br />
g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebiT baTumi<br />
qistebi <strong>da</strong>ax. 7,000 axmetis<br />
Tbilisi<br />
raioni,<br />
ebraelebi
kavkasiuri<br />
bacburi naxuri, CrdiloaRmosavluri<br />
kavkasiuri<br />
udinuri lekuri,<br />
CrdiloaRmosavluri<br />
kavkasiuri<br />
moldovuri romaulgerm<strong>an</strong>uli,<br />
indo-<strong>evropuli</strong><br />
estonuri balto-finuri,<br />
uraluri<br />
latviuri baltiuri, indo<strong>evropuli</strong><br />
Litvuri baltiuri, indo-<br />
<strong>evropuli</strong><br />
Cexuri <strong>da</strong>savlurslavuri,indo-<br />
<strong>evropuli</strong><br />
bulgaruli samxreTslavuri,indo-<br />
<strong>evropuli</strong><br />
lekuri lekuri,<br />
CrdiloaRmosavluri<br />
kavkasiuri<br />
megruli qarTveluri,<br />
samxreT<br />
kavkasiuri<br />
sv<strong>an</strong>uri qarTveluri,<br />
samxreT<br />
kavkasiuri<br />
lazuri qarTveluri,<br />
samxreT<br />
kavkasiuri<br />
wova-TuSebi
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 40,0000-<strong>da</strong>n 50,0000-mde megrul enaze molaparake a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>i<br />
cxovrobs, rac Seadgens qveynis mTli<strong>an</strong>i mosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 10%-s 4 .<br />
lazuri ena gasagebia imaTTvis, vinc saubrobs megrulad <strong>da</strong> piriqiT.<br />
lazuri enis mflobelebis umravlesoba cxovrobs dRev<strong>an</strong>del TurqeTSi<br />
(sa<strong>da</strong>c es ena cnobilia, rogorc lazuriuli), Tumca qarTul sasazRvro<br />
sofel sarfSi, <strong>da</strong> agreTve, axlomdebare kvariaTis <strong>da</strong> gonios soflebSi<br />
cxovrobs lazurad molaparake ramodenime aseuli a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>i. sv<strong>an</strong>ur enaze<br />
molaparake mosaxleoba koncentrirebulia Crdilo-<strong>da</strong>savleT<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si, sv<strong>an</strong>eTis mTi<strong>an</strong> regionSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c 20,000-ze meti macxovrebeli<br />
cxovrobs.<br />
megruli, sv<strong>an</strong>uri <strong>da</strong> lazuri enebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d sasaubro enebia, Tumca<br />
ramodenime folkloruli teqsti, rogoricaa, magaliTad, SoTa rusTavelis<br />
epikuri poema “vefxistyaos<strong>an</strong>i”, ga<strong>da</strong>iTargmna megrul enaze qarTuli <strong>an</strong>b<strong>an</strong>is<br />
gamoyenebiT. qarTvel enaTmecnierTa Soris arsebobs tendencia, g<strong>an</strong>ixilon<br />
es enebi, rogorc dialeqtebi <strong>da</strong> ara calke enebi. megruli, sv<strong>an</strong>uri <strong>da</strong><br />
lazuri <strong>enebis</strong> aRiarebaze uaris Tqmas aqvs Zlieri politikuri motivi,<br />
romelic efuZneba im azrs, rom aseTi nabiji safrTxes uqmnis qarTvelebis,<br />
rogorc mTli<strong>an</strong>i eris, erTi<strong>an</strong>obas. aq g<strong>an</strong>sxvaveba dialeqtsa <strong>da</strong> enas Soris<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>mwyvetia, vinai<strong>da</strong>n enebi eqvemdebarebi<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvas enobrivi <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> qartiis meore nawilis mixedviT, maSin roca<br />
saxelmwifo enis/<strong>enebis</strong> dialeqtebi amas ar eqvemdebarebi<strong>an</strong>.<br />
am sakiTxis politikuri mgrZnobiarobis axsna SeiZleba qarTvelebis<br />
umetesobis gonebaSi arsebuli asociaciiT “ersa” <strong>da</strong> “enas” Soris, <strong>da</strong><br />
agreTve imiT, Tu rogor eqceodnen megrul identurobas uaxloes<br />
istoriaSi. Sua saukuneebi<strong>da</strong>n moyolebuli me-19 saukunis <strong>da</strong>sawyisamde,<br />
roca <strong>saqarTvelo</strong> ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi Sevi<strong>da</strong>, megruli iyo<br />
4 ix. lorens broersi, “vin ari<strong>an</strong> megrelebi? ena, identuroba <strong>da</strong> politika <strong>da</strong>savleT <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si”<br />
(moxseneba erTa Seswavlebis asociaciis meeqvse wliuri konvenciisTvis, 2001 w.)<br />
http://www.bonetweb.com/caucasus/KV/OECAUC/mingreli<strong>an</strong>s.pdf<br />
13
adgilobrivi ena, romelzec saubrob<strong>da</strong> samegrelos <strong>da</strong> nawilobriv<br />
dRev<strong>an</strong>deli afxazeTis TiTqmis mTeli mosaxleoba. mxolod sasuliero<br />
elitis mcirericxov<strong>an</strong>i kasta am regionebSi iyeneb<strong>da</strong> qarTuls, rogorc<br />
literaturul enas. me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi rusma eTnografebma<br />
<strong>da</strong>iwyes megrelebis calke eTnikur jgufad klasifikacia, <strong>da</strong>narCen qarTul<br />
sazogadoebasT<strong>an</strong> arsebuli enobrivi g<strong>an</strong>sxvavebebis safuZvelze, ramac<br />
Zlieri protesti gamoiwvia qarTul inteligenciaSi. es kamaTi gagrZel<strong>da</strong><br />
sabWoTa kavSiris <strong>da</strong>arsebis Semdegac. mosaxleobis sruliad sakavSiro<br />
aRweraSi, romelic Catar<strong>da</strong> 1926 wels, megrelebi, sv<strong>an</strong>ebi, lazebi <strong>da</strong><br />
aWarlebi iyvnen klasificirebuli, rogorc calke erovnebebi (народности),<br />
g<strong>an</strong>sxvavebuli qarTvelebisg<strong>an</strong>. amave dros (rac grZeldebo<strong>da</strong> 1930-i<strong>an</strong> ww-<br />
mde) gamodio<strong>da</strong> presa megrul enaze, adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi komunisturi<br />
partiis ideologiis gavrcelebis mizniT. Tumca, 1939 wels mosaxleobis<br />
xelaxali aRwerisas megrelebis klasifikacia mox<strong>da</strong> iseve, rogorc<br />
qarTvelebisa, <strong>da</strong> megruli presa gauqm<strong>da</strong>. 5<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom megrelebis calke erovnebad kvalifikaciis<br />
mcdelobaze uari iTqva, qarTul inteligenciaSi <strong>da</strong>rCa STabeWdileba, rom<br />
moskovi awyobs SeTqmulebas qarTveli eris “gayofasa <strong>da</strong> batonobaze”.<br />
megruli sakiTxis irgvliv arsebuli polemika kvlav wamoiWra <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
mier <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg. afxazeTSi omis Semdeg, romlis<br />
Sedegad afxazeTma moipova de-faqto <strong>da</strong>moukidebloba Tbilisisg<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
mox<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 250 aTasi qarTvelis g<strong>an</strong>devna, afxazuri mxare Seeca<strong>da</strong><br />
megruli enis popularizacias <strong>da</strong> galis raionSi rusul-afxazur-megrul<br />
gazeTis gamoqveynebac ki sca<strong>da</strong>. 6 am moqmedebis naTeli miz<strong>an</strong>i iyo galis<br />
raionSi ramodenime <strong>da</strong>rCenili qarTuli ojaxis <strong>da</strong>rwmuneba imaSi, rom<br />
sakuTari Tavi CaeTvalaT megrelebad <strong>da</strong> ara qarTvelebad. qarTulma mxarem<br />
miiRo es faqti, rogorc mtrobis aqti.<br />
5 broersi “vin ari<strong>an</strong> megrelebi?”<br />
6 iqve.<br />
14
amitom, ar aris gasakviri, rom nebismieri saubari <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si<br />
megruli, sv<strong>an</strong>uri <strong>an</strong> lazuri <strong>enebis</strong>Tvis xelisSemwyobi meq<strong>an</strong>izmebis<br />
Semot<strong>an</strong>aze qarTuli moxeleebis <strong>da</strong> inteligenciis mxir<strong>da</strong>n eWviT <strong>an</strong> sulac<br />
mtrulad miiReba. magaliTad, lorens broers xazs usvams 1999 wels<br />
Jurnal “literaturul <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si” <strong>da</strong>beWdili murm<strong>an</strong> leb<strong>an</strong>iZis leqsis<br />
nawyvetis Targm<strong>an</strong>s:<br />
`viT de<strong>da</strong>- mtkvarT<strong>an</strong> Woroxs <strong>da</strong> engurs,<br />
rions <strong>da</strong> texurs, iors <strong>da</strong> aragvs,<br />
agreTve- enas, qarTulT<strong>an</strong> megruls,<br />
. 7<br />
xma amoiRos ufleba ar aqvs”<br />
amitom ismis ZiriTadi sakiTxi - aris Tu ara saWiro megruli, sv<strong>an</strong>uri<br />
<strong>da</strong> lazuri <strong>enebis</strong> regionalur enebad CaTvla <strong>da</strong> amis Sedegad maTTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis uzrunvelyofa <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> enobrivi <strong>evropuli</strong> qarti-is<br />
T<strong>an</strong>axmad. formalurad, “<strong>regionaluri</strong> ena” ar aris calke termini qartiis<br />
farglebSi; ar SeiZleba misi g<strong>an</strong>calkeveba “<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
<strong>enebis</strong>” erTgvari “g<strong>an</strong>uyofeli” terminisg<strong>an</strong>. kerZod, “<strong>regionaluri</strong> ena” ar<br />
niSnavs “dialeqtur naxevrad-enas”. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, zogierTi saxelmwifo,<br />
rogoricaa germ<strong>an</strong>ia, niderl<strong>an</strong>debi <strong>da</strong> poloneTi (ix. qvemoT), mas zustad<br />
amgvarad g<strong>an</strong>ixilaven <strong>da</strong> miaCniaT, rom saWiroa im <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva, romelTa<br />
mflobelebi ar miakuTvneben sakuTar Tavs erovnul umciresobas.<br />
problema isaa, rom Zali<strong>an</strong> xSirad sakiTxi, aris Tu ara konkretuli<br />
ena <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli Tu dialeqti, aris politikuri. SesaZlebelia <strong>enebis</strong><br />
g<strong>an</strong>xilva, rogorc dialeqtebis, maTi oficialuri aRiarebis garkveuli<br />
formiT, <strong>an</strong> – maqs vainraixis cnobili formulirebiT – “dialeqtebad<br />
jaris T<strong>an</strong>xlebiT”. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, arsebobs ramdenime obieqturi kriteriumi,<br />
romlis mixedviTac ena g<strong>an</strong>irCeva dialeqtisag<strong>an</strong>, kerZod, esaa msgavsobis<br />
7 iqve. aRs<strong>an</strong>iSnavia, rom mdinare mtkvari miedineba TbilisSi, sxvebi ki <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s sxva regionebSi.<br />
15
done <strong>da</strong> is, Tu ramdenad “dialeqti” <strong>da</strong> is “mSobeli ena”, romlis nawilic<br />
pirveli SeiZleba iyos, gasagebia erTm<strong>an</strong>eTisTvis. amis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, arsebobs<br />
bevri magaliTi, rodesac adgilobrivi ena ukve sakmaod <strong>da</strong>Sorebulia<br />
“mSobeli enisg<strong>an</strong>”, magram mainc iTvleba dialeqtad (aq SeiZleba gavixsenoT<br />
italiuri “dialeqtebis” magaliTi, rogoricaa napolit<strong>an</strong>o). amitom, xSirad<br />
dialeqti iTvleba enad, Tu igi ibeWdeba <strong>da</strong> iTvleba ara ubralod<br />
adgilobriv enad, aramed literaturul enad, <strong>an</strong> Tu ena ramdenadme mainc<br />
sargeblobs prestiJiT.<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>qartia</strong>, am mxriv sakmaod<br />
bundov<strong>an</strong>ia, Tumca Seicavs <strong>regionaluri</strong> enis <strong>da</strong> dialeqtis erTm<strong>an</strong>eTisg<strong>an</strong><br />
garCevis ramodenime miTiTebas. J<strong>an</strong>-mari vurlingis enobriv <strong>qartia</strong>ze<br />
„kritikuli komentaris“ T<strong>an</strong>axmad:<br />
dialeqtebi, rogorc mocemuli enis vari<strong>an</strong>tebi. aseTi variaciebi erTi enis<br />
farglebSi SeiZleba iyos metad <strong>an</strong> naklebad aSkara, rac <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia istoriul,<br />
geografiul <strong>an</strong> socialur aspeqtze. erTi g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebiT mniSvnelov<strong>an</strong>i fatqori<br />
aris konkretul enaze molaparake pirTa subieqturi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuloba, rom isini<br />
laparakoben erTi<strong>da</strong>igive enaze, es <strong>da</strong>jerebuloba xSirad g<strong>an</strong>isazRvreba politikuri<br />
konteqstiT. 8<br />
qveynebma, romlebic xeli moaweres <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
<strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>qartia</strong>-s, gamoiyenes <strong>qartia</strong> im adgilobrivi <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>sacavad,<br />
romlebic ari<strong>an</strong> <strong>regionaluri</strong> enis <strong>da</strong> dialeqtis sazRvarze. magaliTad,<br />
niderl<strong>an</strong>debSi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvites qartiis nawilis II gamoyeneba limburgis<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> enis <strong>da</strong>sacavad (limburgiuli), romelic xSirad<br />
g<strong>an</strong>isazRvreba, rogorc hol<strong>an</strong>diuris dialeqti. amis msgavsad, germ<strong>an</strong>iam<br />
gamoiyena qartiis nawilebi II <strong>da</strong> III qve<strong>da</strong> germ<strong>an</strong>ulT<strong>an</strong> mimarTebaSi<br />
(Niederdeutsch <strong>an</strong> Plattdeutsch), romelic agreTve xSirad g<strong>an</strong>isazRvreba, rogorc<br />
adgilobrivi ena. amis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, qartiis muxlis 15 T<strong>an</strong>axmad, evropis<br />
sabWos generaluri mdivnisTvis wardgenil pirvelad periodul <strong>an</strong>gariSSi<br />
8 vurlingi, <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>qartia</strong>: kritikuli komentari, gv. 63<br />
16
germ<strong>an</strong>iis mTavrobam gamoiyena qve<strong>da</strong> germ<strong>an</strong>ulis 16-e saukunamde arsebuli<br />
weriTi enis statusi, misi CarTvis gamarTlebisTvis. 9 sxva germ<strong>an</strong>uli<br />
dialeqtebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, bavariuli, ar iyo CarTuli.<br />
rac Seexeba megruls, sv<strong>an</strong>ursa <strong>da</strong> lazur enebs, mxolod obieqtur<br />
kriteriumebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiTac Znelia imis <strong>da</strong>mtkiceba, rom isini mxolod<br />
qarTuli enis dialeqtebi ari<strong>an</strong>, vinai<strong>da</strong>n isini ar ari<strong>an</strong> gasagebi qarTuli<br />
enis mcodneebisTvis. amis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, is faqti, rom maT ar gaaCniaT<br />
<strong>da</strong>mwerloba <strong>da</strong> Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT <strong>da</strong>bali prestiJi aqvT, amcirebs subieqtur <strong>da</strong><br />
politikuri aspeqtebs maTi regionalur enebad aRiarebis winaaRmdeg.<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, evropis sabWos evropaSi regionalur <strong>an</strong> umciresobebis <strong>enebis</strong><br />
eqspertTa komiteti, romelic axorcielebs qartiis Sesrulebis<br />
monitorings, aZlevs saSualebas saxelmwifoebsa <strong>da</strong> maT mosaxleobas<br />
<strong>da</strong>dginon g<strong>an</strong>sxvaveba <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebsa <strong>da</strong> dialeqtebs<br />
Soris. erT-erTi kriteriumi im faqtis g<strong>an</strong>sazRvrisTvis, aris Tu ara<br />
“dialeqti” <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> ena, aris am enaze molaparake<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>ebis misi aRqma calke enad (ix. vurlingis citata zemoT). meores<br />
mxriv, <strong>da</strong>bali prestiJis problema ar un<strong>da</strong> gamoyenebul iqnas argumentad<br />
imisaTvis, rom ar iqnas <strong>da</strong>culi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> ena, vinai<strong>da</strong>n<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> ena tradiciulad naklebi prestiJiT<br />
sargeblobs, vidre st<strong>an</strong><strong>da</strong>rtizirebuli enebi evropis bevr nawilSi. am<br />
moxs<strong>enebis</strong> miz<strong>an</strong>i ar gaxlavT qarTuli mTavrobisTvis imis miTiTeba,<br />
CaiTvalos Tu ara megruli, sv<strong>an</strong>uri <strong>da</strong> lazuri ena regionalur enebad.<br />
magram, mogvi<strong>an</strong>ebiT me SemogTavazebT ramodenime wina<strong>da</strong>debas, rogor<br />
SeiZleba am <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mTavroba ga<strong>da</strong>wyvets, aRiaros<br />
isini.<br />
9 evrosabWos generaluri mdivnisadmi gagzavnili perioduli <strong>an</strong>gariSi qartiis me-15 punqtis<br />
Sesabamisad: germ<strong>an</strong>ia (Council of Europe, MIN-LANG/PR 2000 (1), Strasbourg 20 November 2000) www.coe.int<br />
17
2. <strong>da</strong>cvis saWiroeba<br />
CamoTvlili enebi<strong>da</strong>n g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebul <strong>da</strong>cvas saWiroeben is enebi,<br />
romlebic naklebad gamoiyeneba. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si mcire ricxov<strong>an</strong> enobriv<br />
Temebs ar gaaCniaT seriozuli meq<strong>an</strong>izmebi sakuTari enis <strong>da</strong>cvis <strong>da</strong><br />
g<strong>an</strong>viTarebis uzrunvelyofisTvis. sabWoTa sag<strong>an</strong>m<strong>an</strong>aTleblo sistema<br />
aZlev<strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebul privilegiebs garkveul enebs, kerZod ki im enebs,<br />
romlebzec saubrob<strong>da</strong> administratiul-teritoriuli erTeulis erovneba<br />
(respublika, avtonomiuri respublika <strong>da</strong> avtonomiuri regioni), ufro<br />
mcirericxov<strong>an</strong> enobriv Temebs ki mouwodebdnen esaubraT <strong>an</strong> rusulad, <strong>an</strong> im<br />
respublikis titularuli erovnebis enaze, romelSic cxovrobdnen. ase<br />
magaliTad, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si rusul, azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul, somxur, afxazur <strong>da</strong> osur<br />
skolebSi mimdinareob<strong>da</strong> swavla Sesabamis enebze; iezidebi, berZnebi,<br />
asirielebi <strong>da</strong> udinebi <strong>da</strong>diodnen rusul <strong>an</strong> qarTul skolebSi <strong>da</strong> maT<br />
mouwodebdnen elaparakaT ufro farTod gavrcelebul enebze. mas Semdeg,<br />
rac <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m moipova <strong>da</strong>moukidebloba 1991 wels, is mcire saSualebebi,<br />
romlebic arsebob<strong>da</strong> mcirericxov<strong>an</strong>i umciresobebis enis <strong>da</strong> kulturis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sacavad, amoiwura <strong>da</strong>fin<strong>an</strong>sebis ararsebobis gamo. dRes afxazeTis <strong>da</strong><br />
samxreT oseTis teritoriebis gareT arsebobs mxolod rusuli,<br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli <strong>da</strong> somxuri skolebi. sxva <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
<strong>enebis</strong> SenarCunebasa <strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>viTarebaze mimarTuli qmedebebi xorcieldeba<br />
mxolod kerZo asociaciebis <strong>da</strong> fondebis mier (xSirad maT ar aqvT<br />
sakmarisi <strong>da</strong>fin<strong>an</strong>seba).<br />
dRes <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si yvelaze didi riskis qveS ari<strong>an</strong> is enebi, a)<br />
romlebzec laparakobs mosaxleobis yvelaze mcire raodenoba; b) ar aqvT<br />
saxelmwifo <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s farglebis gareT, sa<strong>da</strong>c es ena aris oficialuri<br />
saxelmwifo ena. albaT, yvelaze didi safrTxe emuqreba bacbur <strong>da</strong> udinur<br />
enebs. bacbur enaze laparakoben wova-TuSebi axmetis raionis sofel zemo<br />
alv<strong>an</strong>Si, aRmosavleT <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si. es ena miekuTvneba kavkasiuri <strong>enebis</strong><br />
naxur jgufs, romelSic agreTve Sedis CeCnuri <strong>da</strong> inguSuri enebi (ix.<br />
18
cxrili 1). im faqtT<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, rom wova-TuSebis umetesoba Tavs<br />
qarTvelebad Tvlis, TviT TemSic arsebob<strong>da</strong> winaaRmdegoba bacburi enis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis mimarT, imis SiSiT, rom jgufs CaTvli<strong>an</strong> araqarTvelebad. mSoblebs<br />
ar sur<strong>da</strong>d bavSvebisTvis eswavlebinad bacburi ena, <strong>da</strong> dRes mxolod<br />
ufrosi Taoba iyenebs am enas erTm<strong>an</strong>eTT<strong>an</strong> saubrisas. 10 arsebobs<br />
mniSvnelov<strong>an</strong>i safrTxe, rom Semdegi Taoba aRar ilaparakebs am enaze.<br />
agreTve gaqroba emuqreba udinur enas, romelic aris kavkasiuri<br />
alb<strong>an</strong>uris T<strong>an</strong>amedrove STamomavali – enis, romelsac sakuTari<br />
<strong>da</strong>mwerloba hqon<strong>da</strong>. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si erTaderTi sofeli, sa<strong>da</strong>c cxovroben<br />
udinebi – sofeli oqtomberi yvarlis raionSi aris erT-erTi, msoflioSi<br />
arsebuli sami sofli<strong>da</strong>n, sa<strong>da</strong>c laparakoben udinur enaze (<strong>da</strong>narCeni ori<br />
aris soflebi nij <strong>da</strong> oRuz azerbaij<strong>an</strong>Si). udinur enaze molaparake<br />
mosaxleobas aseve emuqreba qarTulenov<strong>an</strong> mosaxleobasT<strong>an</strong> asimilacia, rac<br />
sakuTari enis <strong>da</strong>viwyebas niSnavs.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom uSualod ar emuqrebaT g<strong>an</strong>adgurebis safrTxe,<br />
arsebobs sxva mcirericxov<strong>an</strong>i lingvisturi jgufebic, romlebic aseve<br />
SeiZleba asimilirdnen <strong>an</strong> am enebze molaparake pirTa ricxvma Seuqceva<strong>da</strong>d<br />
Semcirdes droTa g<strong>an</strong>mavlobaSi. magaliTisTvis asiriuli Temi gamodgeba.<br />
misi <strong>da</strong>axloebiT meoTxedi koncentrirebulia mcxeTa-mTi<strong>an</strong>eTis patara<br />
sofel q<strong>an</strong><strong>da</strong>Si.; magram, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, vinai<strong>da</strong>n ar arsebobs asiriul<br />
enaze saswavlo <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba, bavSvebi <strong>da</strong>di<strong>an</strong> qarTul skolaSi, mezobel<br />
qarTvelebT<strong>an</strong> erTad. Sedegad axalgazrdebi iviwyeben asiriuli enas. maSin,<br />
roca ufro did TemSi arsebuli asirielebis umravlesoba laparakobs<br />
mSobliur enaze, mxolod umciresobas SeuZlia wera sakuTari <strong>an</strong>b<strong>an</strong>iT.<br />
asiriuli ena <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mwerloba ar iswavleba skolebSi, igi mxolod Taobi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
Taobaze zepirad ga<strong>da</strong>dis; <strong>da</strong> rasakvirvelia, gar<strong>an</strong>tia imisa, rom ena am<br />
gziT SenarCundeba, ar arsebobs.<br />
10 wyaro: tom trieris mier Catarebuli savele samuSaoebi, 2006 wlis ivlisi.<br />
19
erTi SexedviT, megruls <strong>da</strong> sv<strong>an</strong>urs ar emuqreba <strong>da</strong>viwyebis safrTxe,<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n sakmao raodenobis a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>ebi iyeneben maT. magram lazurad<br />
molaparake Temi <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si Zalin mcirericxov<strong>an</strong>ia <strong>da</strong> saWiroebs <strong>da</strong>cvas.<br />
megruli <strong>da</strong> sv<strong>an</strong>uris mcodne <strong>da</strong> maTze molaparake a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>ebis ricxvmac<br />
SeiZleba drTa g<strong>an</strong>mavlobaSi swrafad <strong>da</strong>iklos, Tu magaliTad, im<br />
regionebs, sa<strong>da</strong>c am enebze dRes aqtiurad laparakoben, globaluri<br />
cvlilebebi Seexo. amdenad, riski arsebobs, vinai<strong>da</strong>n es enebi ar<br />
warmoadgenen instituciuri <strong>da</strong>cvis sag<strong>an</strong>s <strong>da</strong> meorec, imitom, rom<br />
adgilobrivi mosaxleoba maT g<strong>an</strong>ixilavs, rogorc “meorexarisxov<strong>an</strong>”,<br />
“soflur” enebs, romelTa mimarT pativiscema naklebia. vinai<strong>da</strong>n mosaxleoba<br />
tovebs sv<strong>an</strong>eTis <strong>da</strong> samegrelos soflebs samuSaos Zebnis mizniT, mSoblebma<br />
SeiZleba momavalSi aRar gaamaxvilon yuradReba maTi Svilebis mier<br />
mSobliuri enis codnaze, CaTvli<strong>an</strong> ra mas <strong>da</strong>brkoleba<strong>da</strong>c ki<br />
g<strong>an</strong>viTarebisTvis. qveomoT aRwerilia amgvari <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis <strong>da</strong> maTT<strong>da</strong>mi<br />
prestiJis asamaRleblad SemuSavebuli meq<strong>an</strong>izmebi.<br />
3. <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> qartiis II<br />
nawilis Sesabamisad<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> qartiis II nawili<br />
warmoadgens <strong>da</strong>cvis meq<strong>an</strong>izms <strong>enebis</strong>a, romlebic gaqrobis safrTxis winaSe<br />
dg<strong>an</strong><strong>an</strong>. am nawilSi mocemulia zogadi amoc<strong>an</strong>ebi <strong>da</strong> principebi, romlebic<br />
qartiis wevrma saxelmwifoebma un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinon aRniSnuli <strong>enebis</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis mizniT. nawili II-Si mocemuli zogadi principi emyareba im Teziss,<br />
rom <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi warmoadgens kulturuli<br />
simdidris gamoxatulebas (muxli 7.1a, ix. zemoT) <strong>da</strong> am faqtis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, gulisxmobs mtkice zomebis gatarebas maTi <strong>da</strong>cvis <strong>da</strong><br />
g<strong>an</strong>viTarebis mizniT (muxli 7.1g). amdenad, nawili II gulisxmobs ara<br />
mxolod <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> mimarT toler<strong>an</strong>tul<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas (muxli 7.3), aramed sazogadoebriv <strong>da</strong> pirad cxovrebaSi<br />
maT aqtiur waxalisebas (muxli 7.1 d).<br />
20
am principebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT nawilSi II (muxli 7) mocemulia am<br />
mimarTulebiT gasatarebeli konkretuli nabijebi: 1) uzrunvelyofa imisa,<br />
rom qveynis teritoriul-administraciuli <strong>da</strong>yofa ar abrkolebs<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> xelSewyobas (muxli 7.1b); 2) qveynis<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva nawilSi mcxovreb erTi<strong>da</strong>imave lingvisturi jgufebis<br />
warmomadgenelTa <strong>da</strong> aseve, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva lingvisturi jgufebis<br />
warmomadgenelTa Soris kavSirebis SenarCunebis <strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>viTarebis<br />
xelSewyoba (muxli 7.1e); 3) <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> swavlebis<br />
<strong>da</strong> Seswavlis xelSewyoba (muxli 7.1v) <strong>da</strong> am SesaZleblobis micema im<br />
moqalaqeTaTvis, visTvisac <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi ar<br />
warmoadgens mSobliurs, magram aqvT survili am <strong>enebis</strong> Seswavlisa (muxli<br />
7.1g); 4) universitetebsa <strong>da</strong> sxva samecniero <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebSi regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze swavlis <strong>da</strong> samecniero kvlevebis warmoebis<br />
xelSewyoba (muxli 7.1T); 5) tr<strong>an</strong>snacionaluri gacvliTi programebis<br />
g<strong>an</strong>xorcieleba im qveynebT<strong>an</strong>, romlebSic laparakoben imave regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze (muxli 7.1i); 6) regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze<br />
saubris SezRudvebis faqtebis aRmofxvra (muxli 7.2); <strong>da</strong> 7) uzrunvelyofa<br />
imisa, rom regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze mosaubre jgufis<br />
saWiroebebs <strong>da</strong> survilebs jerov<strong>an</strong>i yuradReba eqceva, saukeTeso<br />
SemTxvevaSi ki, arsebobs am jgufebis interesTa <strong>da</strong>mcveli Sesabamisi<br />
struqturebi.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>sT<strong>an</strong> mimarTebaSi mniSvnelov<strong>an</strong>ia im rolis fsiqoligiuri<br />
konceptualizacia, romelsac <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi<br />
asruleben sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. mixeil saakaSvilis TaosnobiT<br />
qveynis saTaveSi mosul axal xelisuflebas gauZnel<strong>da</strong> “samoqalaqo<br />
integraciad” wodebuli saWiroebis gamokveTa. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom jer<br />
kidev bolomde naTlad ar aris gamokveTili, Tu ras gulisxmobs liderTa<br />
axali Taoba am terminSi, saxezea ori ZiriTadi tendencia. pirveli<br />
gulisxmobs “demosis” konsoli<strong>da</strong>cias, romelic efuZneba saerTo<br />
Rirebulebebs <strong>da</strong> qarTuli enis saerTo codnas; meore ki mdgomareobs<br />
21
qarTvelis, rogorc eTnikurad eqskluziuri cnebis SecvlaSi axali<br />
yovlismomcveli koncefciiT, rac Tavis TavSi yvela erovnebis moqalaqes<br />
aerTi<strong>an</strong>ebs.<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> qartiis muxli 7,<br />
romelic regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebs kulturuli simdidris<br />
gamoxatulebad aRiarebs (muxli 7.1a), xels uwyobs “kulturuli kavSirebis<br />
g<strong>an</strong>viTarebas regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparake <strong>da</strong><br />
saxelmwifoSi mcxovreb sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva enaze molaparake jgufebs Soris” (7.1e),<br />
SesaZleblobas uqmnis moqalaqeebs, romelTaTvisac <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi ar warmoadgens mSobliurs, magram survili aqvT am<br />
<strong>enebis</strong> swavlisa, Seiswavlon isini (7.1g) <strong>da</strong> xels uwyobs universitetebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva samecniero <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebSi regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze<br />
swavlas <strong>da</strong> samecniero kvlevebis warmoebas – yovelive es warmoadgens<br />
samoqalaqo integraciis Semadgenel komponentebs. muxli 7-is<br />
g<strong>an</strong>xorcieleba saSualebas miscems yvela moqalaqes, Camoyalibdnen<br />
mravalenov<strong>an</strong> sazogadoebad, romlis wevroba g<strong>an</strong>isazRvreba samoqalaqo <strong>da</strong><br />
ara eTnikuri kriteriumiT.<br />
muxli 7-Si mocemuli ufro konkretuli nabijebi, romelic<br />
gulisxmobs <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> aqtiuri gamoy<strong>enebis</strong><br />
xelSewyobas, warmoadgens sasargeblo meq<strong>an</strong>izms gaqrobis safrTxis qveS<br />
myofi <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis TvalsazrisiT. sakiTxis <strong>da</strong>yeneba imgvarad, rom<br />
araqarTuli enebi skolebsa <strong>da</strong> universitetebSi ara mxolod erovnul<br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> warmomadgenlebis mier iswavlebodes (ix. muxli 7.1g)<br />
moemsaxureba ormag miz<strong>an</strong>s. pirveli: <strong>da</strong>icav<strong>da</strong> Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mcirericxov<strong>an</strong>i<br />
lingvisturi jgufebis enebs, imis uzrunvelyofiT, rom aRniSnul enebze<br />
molaparake moqalaqeTa Svilebi g<strong>an</strong>aTlebas mSobliur enaze miiReben. meore<br />
mxriv, <strong>da</strong> rac aseve mniSvnelov<strong>an</strong>ia, qarTvelebisTvis araqarTuli <strong>enebis</strong><br />
Seswavlis ideis propag<strong>an</strong>dis gziT amaRldeba sazogadoebrvi cnobiereba im<br />
sakiTxSi, rom es enebi ara gareSe <strong>da</strong> ucxoa, aramed garkveulwilad<br />
22
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s ekuTvnis <strong>da</strong> amdenad, misi memkvidreobis nawilia. am<br />
mosazrebis g<strong>an</strong>mtkicebis erT-erTi gza iqnebo<strong>da</strong> saskolo programaSi sagnis<br />
- “<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s <strong>enebis</strong> Seswavla” Set<strong>an</strong>a, rac saSualebas miscem<strong>da</strong> qarTuli<br />
skolis yvela moswavles, Seeswavla sul mcire erTi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> ena (cxrilSi 1 CamoTvlilTag<strong>an</strong>). es midgoma gamodgebo<strong>da</strong><br />
agreTve <strong>da</strong>cvis meq<strong>an</strong>izmad Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mcirericxov<strong>an</strong>i lingvisturi<br />
jgufebis <strong>enebis</strong>a; msgavsi midgoma SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas<br />
universitetebSic.<br />
es midgoma SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas megrul, sv<strong>an</strong>ur <strong>da</strong> lazur<br />
enebT<strong>an</strong> mimarTebaSi. qarTuli enis swavlebis modulSi SeiZleba Set<strong>an</strong>il<br />
iqnas qarTuli (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s) <strong>enebis</strong> swavleba (<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si arsebuli<br />
<strong>enebis</strong> nacvlad, ix. zemoT); adgilobrivi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> Set<strong>an</strong>a<br />
qarTul lingvistikaSi gaaRrmaveb<strong>da</strong> zoga<strong>da</strong>d “qarTulis” koncefts misi<br />
mravalmxrivi arsiT <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>an</strong>eitraleb<strong>da</strong> arsebul SiSs imasT<strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, rom mag. megrulis <strong>an</strong> sxva adgilobrivi <strong>enebis</strong> Seswavla<br />
safrTxes Seuqmnis qarTulenov<strong>an</strong>i sazogadoebis erTi<strong>an</strong>obas. amgvari<br />
iniciativa Seesabameba qartiis preambulaSi mocemul or ZiriTad princips:<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvam <strong>da</strong> waxalisebam zi<strong>an</strong>i ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
miayenos oficialur enebsa <strong>da</strong> maTi Seswavlis aucileblobas; <strong>da</strong><br />
aRniSnuli <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva mniSvnelov<strong>an</strong>i Senat<strong>an</strong>ia arsebuli<br />
mravalferovnebis g<strong>an</strong>samtkiceblad erovnuli <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis <strong>da</strong><br />
teritoriuli mTli<strong>an</strong>obis farglebSi.<br />
muxli 7 Seicavs agreTve garkveul nabijebs, romelTa g<strong>an</strong>xorcieleba<br />
SeiZleba rTuli aRmoCndes <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisuflebisTvis. upirveles<br />
yovlisa, muxli 7.1i tr<strong>an</strong>snacionaluri T<strong>an</strong>amSromlobis Sesaxeb<br />
winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTs atarebs, vinai<strong>da</strong>n SeiZleba interpretirebul iqnas,<br />
rogorc separatizmis safrTxis Semcveli mimarTuleba. kerZod, es SiSi<br />
ukavSirdeba samcxe-javaxeTis somxur <strong>da</strong> qvemo qarTlis azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul<br />
mosaxleobas. samoqalaqo integraciis mimarTulebiT realuri progresis<br />
23
ararsebobis gamo es Temebi Tavi<strong>an</strong>Ti kulturuli kavSirebiT ufro metad<br />
integrirebulni ari<strong>an</strong> monaTesave qveynebis mosaxleobasT<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong> SiSi<br />
efuZneba im mosazrebas, rom am monaTesave jgufebis sazRvrebsSorisi<br />
T<strong>an</strong>amSromlobis kidev ufro meti xelSewyobiT qveynis SigniT integracias<br />
SeiZleba safrTxe <strong>da</strong>emuqros. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, muxlSi 7.1 mocemuli<br />
mosazrebis formulirebam, romelic mouwodebs “Sesabamisi<br />
tr<strong>an</strong>snacionaluri gacvlebis xelSewyobisken” (xazgasma Cemia), SeiZleba<br />
garkveuli berketi misces qartiis monawile qvey<strong>an</strong>as sakuTar qmedebebSi am<br />
sakiTxT<strong>an</strong> mimarTebaSi. <strong>da</strong> bolos, Tu gava<strong>an</strong>alizebT somexi <strong>da</strong><br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>eli mosaxleobis sazRvarTaSoris gacvlebT<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul<br />
potenciur riskebs, SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom magaliTad, Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
mcirericxov<strong>an</strong>i lingvisturi jgufebis warmomadgenelTa kontaqtebi<br />
monaTesave farTo diasporebT<strong>an</strong> Zalze sasargebloa, radg<strong>an</strong> saSualebas<br />
iZleva ukeT iqnas Seswavlili <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mwerlobebi <strong>da</strong><br />
gaRrmavdes maTi kvleva.<br />
III. enobrivi uflebebi <strong>da</strong> samoqalaqo integracia<br />
g<strong>an</strong>vixiloT meore ZiriTadi gamowveva, romelic <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m un<strong>da</strong><br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wras qartiis <strong>da</strong>nergvis gzaze: rogor moxdes <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> g<strong>an</strong>viTarebis xelSewyoba imgvarad, rom safrTxe ar<br />
Seeqmnas qarTuls, rogorc saxelmwifo enas <strong>an</strong> erovnul <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
qarTul sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi integracias qarTuli enis (sxva <strong>enebis</strong><br />
xarjze) swavlebis aucileblobis TiTqos<strong>da</strong> erTgvari Serbilebis gamo.Aaq<br />
igulisxmeba kompaqturad <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli umciresobebi, romlebmac ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
ar ici<strong>an</strong> qarTuli – rogoricaa axalqalaqisa <strong>da</strong> ninowmindis somxuri<br />
mosaxleoba (javaxeTi), qvemo qarTlis azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli mosaxleoba <strong>da</strong><br />
yofili samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri respublikis osuri mosaxleoba.<br />
winamdebare naSromSi me ar g<strong>an</strong>vixilav samxreT oseTSi qartiis SesaZlo<br />
g<strong>an</strong>xorcielebis perspeqtivas <strong>an</strong> osuri enis <strong>da</strong>cvasT<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul<br />
konkretul nabijebs. g<strong>an</strong>xorcieldeba Tu ara saerTod es <strong>qartia</strong> samxreT<br />
24
oseTSi <strong>da</strong> konkretulad rogor g<strong>an</strong>xorcieldeba igi – es mTli<strong>an</strong>ad<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia arsebuli grZelvadi<strong>an</strong>i konfliqtis saboloo mogvarebaze.<br />
wina nawilSi aRwerili qartiis II nawilis miReba garkveulwilad<br />
TavisTavad ga<strong>da</strong>Wri<strong>da</strong> qarTul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli umciresobebis<br />
integrirebis urTierTsawinaaRmdego amoc<strong>an</strong>ebs, <strong>da</strong>icav<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>aviTareb<strong>da</strong><br />
ra amavdroulad <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebs. magaliTad, muxlSi 7.1.e mocemuli<br />
mowodebis “kulturuli kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>myareba qvey<strong>an</strong>aSi mcxovreb, sxva<br />
enebze mosaubre jgufebT<strong>an</strong>” xelSewyobisken mimarTuli nabijebi ufro<br />
metad moaaxloveb<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong> ara <strong>da</strong>abrkoleb<strong>da</strong> erovnul integracias. aseve,<br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli <strong>da</strong> somxuri <strong>enebis</strong> swavlebis ideis propag<strong>an</strong><strong>da</strong> ara marto<br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> Soris, aramed eTnikur qarTvelebSi efuZneba im princips,<br />
rom es enebi <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s lingvisturi memkvidreobis Semadgeneli nawilia.<br />
amgvari midgoma xels Seuwyob<strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si mcxovreb araT<strong>an</strong>abar<br />
pirobebSi myofi Temebis ufro metad gaerTi<strong>an</strong>ebas, vidre <strong>da</strong>Sorebas.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom muxliT 7.1v g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli moTxovna “<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> Sesabamis etapebze Seswavlis <strong>da</strong> swavlebis saT<strong>an</strong>ado<br />
formebis <strong>da</strong> saSualebebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb” SesaZloa sag<strong>an</strong>gaSo<br />
signalad aJRerdes imaTTvis, vinc erTaderT prioritetad qarTuli enis<br />
g<strong>an</strong>viTareba-<strong>da</strong>nergvis xelSewyobas miiCnevs, - is faqti, rom<br />
pasuxismgeblobas <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> swavlebis<br />
xelSewyobaze ara mezobeli saxelmwifoebi, aramed swored qarTuli<br />
saxelmwifo iRebs sakuTar Tavze, - arsebuli status qvos garRvevas<br />
aRniSnavs. sadReisod saswavlo masalebi somxur <strong>da</strong> azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul enebze<br />
somxuri <strong>da</strong> azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli skolebis umravlesobas baqo<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> erevni<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
<strong>da</strong> ara Tbilisi<strong>da</strong>n moewodebaT. muxlis 7.1 saT<strong>an</strong>ado amoqmedebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> swavlebaze kontrols <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
saxelmwifo aiRebs.<br />
qartiis sakv<strong>an</strong>Zo nawili, romelic Seexeba somxuri <strong>da</strong> azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli<br />
<strong>enebis</strong> xelSewyobas, esaa nawili III (muxlebi 8-14). qartiis muxlis 3.1<br />
mixedviT, qartiis monawile TiToeulma saxelmwifom ratifikaciis<br />
25
sakuTari instrumentis Sesabamisad, un<strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>sazRvros romel regionalur<br />
<strong>da</strong> umciresobis enebs Seexeba nawili III. muxlis 3.1 mixedviT g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli<br />
TiToeuli <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enisTvis muxli 2.2 moiTxovs<br />
minimum 35 punqts <strong>an</strong> qvepunqts muxlebi<strong>da</strong>n 8-14, maT Soris, minimum 3 punqti<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iqnas aRebuli muxlebi<strong>da</strong>n 8 <strong>da</strong> 12; <strong>da</strong> minimum 1 punqti muxlebi<strong>da</strong>n 9,<br />
10, 11 <strong>da</strong> 13. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom Teoriulad SesaZlebelia arc erTi<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> ena ar iqnas arCeuli nawili III_<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong><br />
moxdes mxolod nawili II-is ratificireba (rogorc es mox<strong>da</strong> kviprosis<br />
magaliTze), naklebad savaraudoa, rom eqspertTa komiteti axsnis amgvar<br />
nabijs, rogorc Sesabamiss qartiis suliskveTebasT<strong>an</strong>, miznebT<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
principebT<strong>an</strong>; miT umetes, rom <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s SemTxvevaSi aSkarad arsebobs<br />
ramodenime ena, romelic nawili III-Si g<strong>an</strong>sazRvrul <strong>da</strong>cvis sferos<br />
g<strong>an</strong>ekuTvneba. rogorc vurlingi aRniSnavs, “vinai<strong>da</strong>n <strong>qartia</strong> mouwodebs wevr<br />
qveynebs nawili III-is aucilebeli minimumis Sesrulebas TiToeul enasT<strong>an</strong><br />
mimarTebaSi, uaris g<strong>an</strong>cxadeba nawili III-is Sesrulebaze Zali<strong>an</strong> waagavs<br />
SemovliTi gzis Ziebas pasuxismgeblobis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad, <strong>da</strong> amdenad<br />
k<strong>an</strong>onis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis mcdelobad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.” 11<br />
amdenad, saxelmwifom un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitos, romel enebs irCevs nawili<br />
III-T<strong>an</strong> SesabamisobaSi. vurlingma g<strong>an</strong>sazRvra sami ZiriTadi kriteriumi,<br />
romlis mixedviTac un<strong>da</strong> SeirCes <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> ena nawil<br />
III-T<strong>an</strong> mimarTebaSi: 1) aRniSnul enaze un<strong>da</strong> laparakobdes a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>ebis sakmao<br />
raodenoba, 2) un<strong>da</strong> arsebobdes sul mcire erTi teritoria mainc, sa<strong>da</strong>c am<br />
enaze molaparake a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>ebi kompaqturad saxloben, 3) am enaze molaparake<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>ebi aqtiurad un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen mowadinebuli, <strong>da</strong>icv<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>aviTaron<br />
sakuTari ena. 12 am kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT naTelia, rom<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s SemTxvevaSi, azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli <strong>da</strong> somxuri enebi yvelaze metad<br />
miesa<strong>da</strong>geba nawil III-s. am or enaze sakmao raodenobis a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>ebi<br />
11 vurlingi, <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>qartia</strong>, kritikuli komentari, gv. 81<br />
(Woehrling, The Europe<strong>an</strong> Charter for Regional <strong>an</strong>d Minority L<strong>an</strong>guages: Critical Commentary, 81)<br />
12 iqve, gv. 140.<br />
26
laparakoben, <strong>da</strong> mxolod am or enaze molaparake a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>ebi cxovroben<br />
kompaqturad qveynis konkretul regionebSi.<br />
rusuli ena aseve mniSvnelov<strong>an</strong> rols asrulebs <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
socialur <strong>da</strong> politikur cxovrebaSi, rogorc uwin sabWoTa kavSiris<br />
sivrceSi moqmedi ZiriTadi ena <strong>da</strong> erovnebaTSorisi komunikaciis ena<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si cxovrobs <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 83,000 a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>i,<br />
romelTaTvisac rusuli ena mSobliuria (ix. cxr. 1) <strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
mosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>axloebiT naxevari kargad saubrobs rusulad, vinai<strong>da</strong>n<br />
maTTvis rusuli meore enas warmoadgens. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si<br />
ar arsebobs regioni, sa<strong>da</strong>c rusulenov<strong>an</strong>i mosaxleobis geografiuli<br />
koncentracia iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, amdenad, Znelia rusul enas mivusa<strong>da</strong>goT nawili III,<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n mis garkveul punqtebSi nagulisxmevia specifiurad konkretul<br />
teritoriebze mosaxle a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>Ta jgufebi (ix. qvemoT). amasT<strong>an</strong>, rusuli<br />
enisTvis g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebuli yuradRebis miqcevam SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>akninos<br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli <strong>da</strong> somxuri <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvisken mimarTuli Zalisxmeva. amis<br />
mizezia is, rom rusuli ena ise<strong>da</strong>c araformalurad gamoiyeneba am<br />
regionebis (qvemo qarTli <strong>da</strong> javaxeTi) adgilobriv administraciul<br />
org<strong>an</strong>oebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c zemoTaRniSnuli enebi warmoadgens mSobliurs; <strong>da</strong><br />
amdenad, rusuli enis g<strong>an</strong>viTarebis xelSewyobam SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>Trgunos<br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli <strong>da</strong> somxuri <strong>enebis</strong> gamoy<strong>enebis</strong>ken mimarTuli mcdelobebi.<br />
<strong>da</strong>bolos, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisuflebis Zalisxmeva mimarTulia iqiTken, rom<br />
qarTuli, <strong>da</strong> ara rusuli ena, gaxdes erovnebaTaSorisi komunikaciis ena; <strong>da</strong><br />
am WrilSi rusuli enis <strong>da</strong>nergvis xelSewyobam – enisa, romelic ise<strong>da</strong>c<br />
farTod gamoyeneba erovnuli umciresobebis mier – SeiZleba im principis<br />
sawinaaRmdegod imuSaos, romlis mixedviTac <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
<strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva ar un<strong>da</strong> mimdinareobdes oficialuri enis (<strong>enebis</strong>) sazi<strong>an</strong>od.<br />
nawili III-s amoc<strong>an</strong>a mdgomareobs qartiis wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis<br />
“saxelmZRv<strong>an</strong>elos” SeqmnaSi, romelSic mocemuli iqneba konkretuli<br />
nabijebi, mimarTuli <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> sazogadoebriv<br />
27
cxovrebaSi <strong>da</strong>nergvis uzrunvelyofisken. muxlSi 8 mocemulia regionalur<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze swavlis xelSewyoba “saxelmwifo enisTvis<br />
(<strong>enebis</strong>Tvis) zi<strong>an</strong>is miy<strong>enebis</strong> gareSe”. muxlebi 9, 10 <strong>da</strong> 11 gulisxmobs<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoyenebas sasamarTlo sistemaSi,<br />
saxelisuflo-administraciul org<strong>an</strong>oebsa <strong>da</strong> masmediaSi. muxlSi 12<br />
mocemulia zomebis nusxa, romlebic un<strong>da</strong> gatardes kulturul<br />
saqmi<strong>an</strong>obaTa sferoSi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong><br />
wasaxaliseblad. muxli 13 exeba ekonomikur <strong>da</strong> socialur sferoebs <strong>da</strong><br />
iTvaliswinebs lingvistur safuZvelze arsebuli SezRudvebis aRmofxvras<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> waxalisebas fin<strong>an</strong>sebis, biznesisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> socialuri <strong>da</strong>cvis sferoSi. bolos, muxli 14 exeba sazRvarTaSoris<br />
gacvlebs <strong>da</strong> moicavs ormxriv <strong>da</strong> mravalmxriv SeT<strong>an</strong>xmebaTa Sesrulebis <strong>da</strong><br />
sazRvarTSorisi T<strong>an</strong>amSromlobis waxalisebisken mimarTul zomebs msgavsi<br />
lingvisturi Temebis <strong>da</strong>saaxloeblad sazRvrebs orive mxares.<br />
nawili III-is muxlebis umetesoba moiazrebs qveynis mTel teritorias.<br />
amdenad, muxlis 8.1 cxrave qvepunqti, e.i. muxlis 8 aTi punqti<strong>da</strong>n cxra<br />
gulisxmobs “teritorias, sa<strong>da</strong>c gamoiyeneba aRniSnuli enebi”. aseve, muxlis<br />
9.1 oTxive qvepunqti (muxlis 9 eqvsi punqti<strong>da</strong>n <strong>an</strong> qvepunqti<strong>da</strong>n oTxi) exeba<br />
mxolod “im sasamarTlo olqebs, sa<strong>da</strong>c mcxovrebTa raodenoba, romlebic<br />
iyeneben regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebs, amarTlebs qvemoT<br />
g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli zomebis miRebas”. muxli 10 kidev ufro metad<br />
<strong>da</strong>konkretebulia, ToTxmeti punqti Tu qvepunqti mocemuli TxuTmeti<strong>da</strong>n<br />
exeba administraciul raionebs, sa<strong>da</strong>c cxovrobs <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
umciresobebis enebze molaparake mosaxleobis iseTi sakmarisi raodenoba,<br />
romelic amarTlebs qvemoT g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli zomebis miRebas” (muxlebi 10.1 <strong>da</strong><br />
10.2) <strong>an</strong> im teritoriis farglebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c gamoiyeneba <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi”. (muxli 10.3). <strong>an</strong>alogiurad, muxli 11-is didi nawili<br />
(cxra punqti<strong>da</strong>n Tu qvepunqti<strong>da</strong>n Svidi), muxli 12 (aTi punqti<strong>da</strong>n Tu<br />
qvepunqti<strong>da</strong>n rva) <strong>da</strong> muxli 13 (cxra punqti<strong>da</strong>n Tu qvepunqti<strong>da</strong>n xuTi) exeba<br />
“teritoriebs, sa<strong>da</strong>c gamoiyeneba (Sesabamisi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong>)<br />
28
enebi”. mxolod muxli 14 (ori qvepunqti) ar Seicavs punqts (qvepunqts),<br />
romelic muxlSi gaTvaliswinebul saqmi<strong>an</strong>obebs zRu<strong>da</strong>vs konkretuli<br />
teritoriis farglebSi.<br />
zogma wevrma saxelmwifom airCia nawili III miesa<strong>da</strong>gebina mxolod<br />
mocemul regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enaze molaparake im jgufisTvis,<br />
romelic saxlobs qveynis konkretul teritoriaze. ase magaliTad,<br />
germ<strong>an</strong>iam qartiis ratifikaciis instrumentSi g<strong>an</strong>sazRvra, rom nawili III<br />
gamoyenebul iqneba konkretul regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebT<strong>an</strong><br />
mimarTebaSi, konkretul teritoriaze - länder. 13 miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, am midgomis<br />
gamoyeneba marTebulia mxolod maSin, rodesac saxelmwifo asrulebs<br />
sakuTar qvotas, Sedgenils oc<strong>da</strong>Txumeti punqti<strong>da</strong>n <strong>an</strong> qvepunqti<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
romlebic vrceldeba qveynis mTel teritoriaze. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
xelisuflebam un<strong>da</strong> gaacnobieros es piroba, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ga<strong>da</strong>wyvets<br />
miusa<strong>da</strong>gos nawili III azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong> somxur enebs qveynis mTel<br />
teritoriaze <strong>an</strong> mxolod im administraciul raionebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c mosaxleoba<br />
aqtiurad laparakobs am enebze.<br />
msgavsad nawili II-sa, qartiis nawili III-is gamoyenebam ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
SezRudos erovnul <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> qveynis socialur, ekonomikur <strong>da</strong><br />
politikur cxovrebaSi integrirebis procesi. piriqiT, rogorc naCvenebi<br />
iqneba qvemoT, nawili III-is bevri muxli, faqtobrivad, xels uwyobs<br />
integracias. imisTvis, rom TvalnaTliv <strong>da</strong>vrwundeT rogor, saWiroa<br />
gava<strong>an</strong>alizoT TiToeuli muxli <strong>da</strong> saTiTaod g<strong>an</strong>vixiloT iseTi sferoebi,<br />
rogoricaa g<strong>an</strong>aTleba, sasamarTlo, administraciuli org<strong>an</strong>oebi, media,<br />
kultura <strong>da</strong> sazRvarTSorisi T<strong>an</strong>amSromloba. qvemoT moyv<strong>an</strong>ili <strong>an</strong>alizi<br />
cxadyofs, rom es muxlebi SeiZleba misa<strong>da</strong>gebul iqnas a) martivad; b)<br />
qarTulis, rogorc saxelmwifo enis integratiuli rolisadmi zi<strong>an</strong>is<br />
miy<strong>enebis</strong> gareSe.<br />
13<br />
evrosabWos generaluri mdivnisadmi gagzavnili perioduli <strong>an</strong>gariSi qartiis me-15 punqtis<br />
Sesabamisad: germ<strong>an</strong>ia<br />
29
1. g<strong>an</strong>aTleba<br />
qartiis muxlSi 8.1, kerZod, punqtebSi a-v, mocemulia sami ZiriTadi gza<br />
g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis sistemaSi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoy<strong>enebis</strong><br />
TvalsazrisiT: pirveli gza (i) gulisxmobs monolingvistur g<strong>an</strong>aTlebas, e.i.<br />
g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis sistemas, romelic mTli<strong>an</strong>ad agebulia regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enaze, meore gza (ii) gulisxmobs orenov<strong>an</strong> (bilingvistur)<br />
g<strong>an</strong>aTlebas; xolo mesame gza (iii) gulisxmobs regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
enis swavlebis Set<strong>an</strong>as saswavlo programaSi. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s SeTxvevaSi (i) <strong>da</strong><br />
(iii) gzebi ar gamodgeba. pirveli imitom, rom im regionebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c erovnuli<br />
umciresobebi ari<strong>an</strong> geografiulad koncentrirebuli, <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enaze<br />
laparakoben Sin <strong>da</strong> amdenad, (i) gza niSnavs imas, rom bavSvebs praqtikulad<br />
aRar eqnebaT <strong>an</strong> Zalze mcired eqnebaT Sexeba oficialur enasT<strong>an</strong>.<br />
<strong>an</strong>alogiurad, (iii) gza ar aris gamosadegi, vinai<strong>da</strong>n misi gamoyeneba<br />
nagulisxmevia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> ena<br />
imdenad sustad aris g<strong>an</strong>viTarebuli, rom am enaze sag<strong>an</strong>m<strong>an</strong>aTleblo<br />
sagnebis mniSvnlov<strong>an</strong>i nawilis warmodgena praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. 14 im<br />
TemebisTvis, romlebisTvisac <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi<br />
mSobliuria, (iii) gza gamousadegaria.<br />
orenov<strong>an</strong>i g<strong>an</strong>aTleba (ii gza) sinamdvileSi yvelaze metad miesa<strong>da</strong>geba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s regionebs, rogorcaa samcxe-javaxeTi <strong>da</strong> qvemo qarTli, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
erovnul <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> warmomadgenlebi kompaqturad ari<strong>an</strong> g<strong>an</strong>saxlebuli.<br />
es faqti a<strong>da</strong>sturebs integraciis saWiroebas saxelmwifo enis sruli<br />
kompetenciis safuZvelze. muxlSi 8 a-d moyv<strong>an</strong>ilia orenov<strong>an</strong>i g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis<br />
sistema, sa<strong>da</strong>c Sesabamisi axsna-g<strong>an</strong>martebebi oficialur enaze<br />
paralelurad T<strong>an</strong> gasdevs regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enaze swavlebas<br />
skolamdeli asaki<strong>da</strong>n. es mimarTuleba warmoadgens garRvevas dRv<strong>an</strong>deli<br />
situacii<strong>da</strong>n, rodesac araqarTuli skolebis moswavleebi (mag., rusuli,<br />
14 vurlingi, <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>qartia</strong>, kritikuli komentari, gv. 148, 151<br />
(Woehrling, The Europe<strong>an</strong> Charter for Regional <strong>an</strong>d Minority L<strong>an</strong>guages: Critical Commentary, 148, 151)<br />
30
somxuri <strong>da</strong> azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli skolebis moswavleebi) iReben Zalze mcire<br />
odenobiT (<strong>an</strong> Zalze cudi xarisxiT) g<strong>an</strong>aTlebas oficialur enaze, miT<br />
umetes, <strong>da</strong>bal klasebSi. saT<strong>an</strong>ado g<strong>an</strong>xorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, amdenad,<br />
muxlis 8.1 mixedviT swavleba oficialur enaze gaumjobesdeba imis<br />
uzrunvelyofis xarjze, rom oficialuri ena intensiurad Seiswavleba<br />
sabavSvo baRSi Tu skolaSi swavlebis <strong>da</strong>wyebis pirveli dReebi<strong>da</strong>nve. am<strong>an</strong><br />
xeli un<strong>da</strong> Seuwyos orenovnebas <strong>da</strong> integraciis process.<br />
<strong>an</strong>alogiurad, sauniversiteto g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis sistemaSi, muxlis 8.1e(ii)<br />
saT<strong>an</strong>ado misa<strong>da</strong>gebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas pozitiuri stimuli<br />
integraciis mimarTulebiT. universitetebi, g<strong>an</strong>sxvavebuli eTnikuri <strong>da</strong><br />
lingvisturi bazisis studentebis Tavmoyris Sedegad SeiZleba gaxdes<br />
idealuri garemo imaTTvis, vinc sustad laparakobs saxelmwifo enaze –<br />
qarTulenov<strong>an</strong> studentebT<strong>an</strong> urTierTobis Sedegad isini advilad<br />
aimaRleben saxelmwifo enis codnis dones. gavimeorebT, rom gza muxli<br />
8.1(i) un<strong>da</strong> gamoiricxos, vinai<strong>da</strong>n sauniversiteto g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis mxolod<br />
eqskluziurad regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze miwodebam SeiZleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>abrkolos samoqalaqo integeraciis procesi. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, saswavlo<br />
modulis regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze miwodeba (Cvens SemTxvevaSi,<br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong> somxur enebze) studentTa orive jgufisTvis – maTTvis,<br />
visTvisac es enebi mSobliuria <strong>da</strong> qarTulenov<strong>an</strong>i studentebisTvis (myxli<br />
8.1.eii-sT<strong>an</strong> SesabamisobaSi) aragzis r ewinaaRmdegeba integraciis amoc<strong>an</strong>as;<br />
amasT<strong>an</strong> igi aRvivebs toler<strong>an</strong>tulobas <strong>da</strong> pativiscemas sxva <strong>enebis</strong> mimarT.<br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli <strong>da</strong> somxuri <strong>enebis</strong> saswavlo kursebi am SemTxvevaSi un<strong>da</strong><br />
moewyos odnav saxecvlilad imaTTvis, vinc swavlobs am enebs, rogorc<br />
meore mSobliurs – <strong>an</strong>u, Tu imaTTvis, visTvisac es enebi mSobliur enebs<br />
warmoadgens, aqcenti un<strong>da</strong> gakeTdes filologiisa <strong>da</strong> literaturis<br />
gaRrmavebul swavlebaze, zemoTaRniSnul SemTxvevaSi ki ZiriTadi fokusi<br />
zogad leqsikasa <strong>da</strong> gramatikaze gakeTdeba. Tumca, erToblivi leqcia-<br />
seminarebis ricxvi orive jgufis monawileobiT gaizrdeba universitetis<br />
zr<strong>da</strong>-gafarToebasT<strong>an</strong> erTad.<br />
31
ac Seexeba muxlis 8 sxva punqtebs, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisuflebas ar gaaCnia didi kompetencia mozrdilTa<br />
(arasauniversiteto) g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis sistemaSi, SesaZlebelia muxli 8.1v (iii)<br />
gzis gamoyeneba, (e.i. <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong>, rogorc<br />
mozrdilTa <strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>grZobiTi swavlebis sagnad SeTavazeba). muxlebis 8.1a <strong>da</strong><br />
8.1v <strong>da</strong>nergvis saWiroebis gaTvaliswinebiT, muxli 8.1T aseve aucilebelia,<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n uzrunvelyofs qartiis nawili III-iT g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli <strong>enebis</strong> efeqtur<br />
swavlebas.<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si garkveuli Zalisxmeva iqna<br />
mimarTuli <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze swavlebis xelSesawyobad; ilia WavWavaZis<br />
ucxo enaTa fakultetze funqcionirebs somxuri, azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli <strong>da</strong><br />
rusuli <strong>enebis</strong> seqtorebi, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d imaTTvis, vinc araqarTul skolebSi<br />
maswavleblad apirebs muSaobas. 15 <strong>an</strong>alogiurad, muxli 8.1i, romelic<br />
mouwodebs Seiqmnas “saze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelo org<strong>an</strong>o <strong>an</strong> org<strong>an</strong>oebi, romlebic<br />
pasuxismgebelni iqnebi<strong>an</strong> <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> swavlebis<br />
SemoRebisa <strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>viTarebis sferoSi moRweuli progresis monitoringze <strong>da</strong><br />
maT mier mokvleuli Sedegebis Sesaxeb peroduli moxsenebebis Sedgenaze,<br />
romlebic SemdgomSi sajarod gamoqveyndeba” ar Seicavs araviTar<br />
winaaRmdegobebs <strong>da</strong> misi g<strong>an</strong>xorcieleba mxolod gazrdis gatarebuli<br />
zomebis efeqturobas. <strong>da</strong> bolos, muxli 8..2, romelic iTvaliswinebs nawili<br />
III-iT g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> xelSewyobas<br />
teritoriebze, sa<strong>da</strong>c es enebi tradiciulad ar gamoiyeneba, SeiZleba<br />
gamoyenebul iqnas im SeTxvevaSi, Tu “regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enaze<br />
molaparake pirTa raodenoba amas amarTlebs”. iseve, rogorc zemoT, es ar<br />
un<strong>da</strong> warmoadgendes problemas qarTuli samTavrobo struqturebisTvis.<br />
15 sadReisod azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul seqtorze swavlobs 17 studenti; 19 eTnikuri somexi <strong>da</strong> 53 sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
erovnebis studenti swavlobs somxur <strong>da</strong> rusul seqtorebze. sul ramdenime wlis winaT umaRlesi<br />
g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis TiTqmis yvela <strong>da</strong>wesebulebaSi funqcionireb<strong>da</strong> rusuli fakultetebi, 2005 wels es<br />
fakultetebi <strong>da</strong>ixura, oficialuri mizeziT, moTxovnis ararsebobis gamo.<br />
32
amdenad, muxli 8-is 10 punqti<strong>da</strong>n SesaZlebelia <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m<br />
<strong>da</strong>amtkicos rva <strong>an</strong> cxra punqti (Tu CavTvliT muxls 8.1v iii.), qvemo qarTlsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> javaxeTSi mcxovrebi azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli <strong>da</strong> somxuri Temebis<br />
warmomadgenelTa integraciis <strong>da</strong>ubkroleblad. muxli 8, saT<strong>an</strong>ado<br />
amoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi (e.i. gzebis ii SerCevisas) xels Seuwyobs orenovnebis<br />
g<strong>an</strong>viTarebas <strong>da</strong> oficialuri enis ara <strong>da</strong>brkolebas, aramed swavlebas<br />
araqarTvelebisTvis adreuli asaki<strong>da</strong>n. muxlSi 8 arsebobs erTaderTi<br />
punqti, romlis amoqmedeba jerjerobiT miz<strong>an</strong>Sewonilia ga<strong>da</strong>idos (muxli<br />
8.1z) <strong>da</strong> igi exeba istoriis <strong>da</strong> kulturis swavlebas imgvarad, rogorc es<br />
aisaxa regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze. istoriis swavleba samxreT<br />
kavkasiaSi Zalze sakamaTo sakiTxia <strong>da</strong> xSirad gamoiyenebo<strong>da</strong> ama Tu im<br />
erovnuli jgufis eTno-nacionalisturi miswrafebebis gasamarTleblad.<br />
amdenad, istorikosTa Soris zogadi konsensusis miRwevamde albaT upri<strong>an</strong>i<br />
iqneba ga<strong>da</strong>idos am muxlis ratificireba, raTa ar gaRvivdes x<strong>an</strong>grZlivi<br />
istoriuli SeuT<strong>an</strong>xmeblobebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva konkretul sakiTxebT<strong>an</strong><br />
mimarTebaSi.<br />
2. marTlmsajulebis sistema<br />
qartiis muxlSi 9 mocemulia RonisZiebaTa CamonaTvali (romelTag<strong>an</strong> zogi<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mokrZalebulia), romlebic exeba <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
<strong>enebis</strong> gamoyenebas sisxlis samarTlis, samoqalaqo <strong>da</strong> adminsitraciuli<br />
samarTlis warmoebaSi. rogorc aucilebel minimums, muxli moiTxovs, rom<br />
sasamarTlo warmoebSi monawile mxareebs im teritoriebze, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
gamoiyeneba <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi, mieceT TviTgamoxatulebis<br />
saSualeba mSobliur enebze <strong>da</strong> am uflebis mosapoveblad ar <strong>da</strong>sWirdeT<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiTi xarjebis gaReba. es, rasakvirvelia, ar niSnavs imas, rom<br />
oficialuri ena kargavs sasamarTlo sistemaSi gamoyenebul oficialuri<br />
enis statuss.<br />
33
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s SemTxevaSi muxlSi 9 mocemuli eqvsi punqti<strong>da</strong>n xuTis –<br />
muxli9.1a(ii), muxli9.1b(ii), muxli9.1g(ii), muxli9.1d(ii) <strong>da</strong> muxli9.3 amoqmedeba<br />
<strong>da</strong>kaSirebulia ramodenime teqnikur problemasT<strong>an</strong>. muxlebSi 9.1a(ii),<br />
muxli9.1b(ii), muxli9.1g(ii)) <strong>da</strong> muxli9.1d(ii) mocemuli moTxovnebi<br />
gaTvaliswinebulia arsebuli k<strong>an</strong>onmdeblobiT. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s konstituciis<br />
T<strong>an</strong>axmad (muxli 85.2), samarTalwarmoebisas “piri, romelmac ar icis<br />
saxelmwifo ena, uzrunvelyofili un<strong>da</strong> iyos Tarjimnis momsaxurebiT” <strong>da</strong><br />
konstituciiT <strong>da</strong>dgenili es punqti aseve g<strong>an</strong>mtkicebulia 1997 wlis k<strong>an</strong>oniT<br />
“zogadi sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” (muxli 10), romelic aseve azustebs, rom<br />
“Targm<strong>an</strong>T<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli <strong>da</strong>naxarjebi <strong>da</strong>ifareba saxelmwifo<br />
biujeti<strong>da</strong>n”. es k<strong>an</strong>oni moicavs samarTlis, samoqalaqo <strong>da</strong> administraciul<br />
samarTalwarmoebas. Tumca, muxlSi 9 mocemul Sesabamis punqtebs aseve exeba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis muxli 73.4-is Sesworebebi<br />
(miRebulia 1999 wels, ZalaSi Sevi<strong>da</strong> 2000 wels), romelic, moiTxova ra, rom<br />
“im SemTxvevaSi, Tu g<strong>an</strong>acxadi <strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>interesebuli mxaris mier<br />
[administraciuli samarTalwarmoebisTvis] warmodgenili sxva dokumenti ar<br />
aris Sesrulebuli saxelmwifo enaze, mxarem un<strong>da</strong> warmoadginos misi<br />
notarialuri wesiT <strong>da</strong>mowmebuli Targm<strong>an</strong>i”, faqtobrivad, gulisxmobs, rom<br />
administraciul samarTalwarmoebaSi Targm<strong>an</strong>ze pasuximsmgebloba <strong>da</strong><br />
xarjebi ekisreba regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enaze molaparake pirs. ufro<br />
metic, konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebuli muxli 85.2, romelic gulisxmobs<br />
imas, rom “pirebi, romlebmac ar ici<strong>an</strong> saxelmwifo ena, samarTalwarmoebisas<br />
uzrunvelyofili iqnebi<strong>an</strong> Tarjimnis momsaxurebiT”, kidev ufro<br />
gaRrmavebulia qartiis muxliT 9, romlic T<strong>an</strong>axmad, sasamarTlo saqmis<br />
warmoebaSi monawile mxareebma SeiZleba gamoiyenon Sesabamisi <strong>regionaluri</strong><br />
<strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> ena im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu am mxareebma ici<strong>an</strong> saxelmwifo<br />
ena.<br />
muxli 9.3, romelic iTvaliswinebs iuridiuli dokumentebis somxur <strong>da</strong><br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul enebze Targmnis uzrunvelyofas, aseve ar aris problematuri.<br />
qarTuli k<strong>an</strong>onmdeblobis codnis donis amaRleba qvemo qarTlsa <strong>da</strong> samcxe-<br />
34
javaxeTSi kompaqturad <strong>da</strong>saxlebul azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong> somxur Temebs Soris<br />
mxolod gazrdi<strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi am Temebis<br />
warmomadgenelTa monawileobis xarisxs. marTlac, es uk<strong>an</strong>askneli<br />
warmoadgens kidec rigi qarTuli arasamaTavrobo org<strong>an</strong>izaciebis miz<strong>an</strong>s <strong>da</strong><br />
erovnul <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> kompaqturi <strong>da</strong>saxlebis adgilebSi am mizniT<br />
saerTaSoriso donorebic muSaoben.<br />
muxlSi 9 mxolod muxli 9.2 SeiZleba iyos ramdenadme<br />
winaaRmdegobrivi, vinai<strong>da</strong>n gulisxmobs regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze<br />
Sedgenili iuridiuli dokumentebis legalizacias. am punqtma SeiZleba<br />
gamoiwvios oponireba qarTuli samTavrobo struqturebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n, im<br />
mizeziT, rom SeiZleba safrTxe Seeqmnas qarTuls, rogorc oficialur<br />
saxelmwifo enas.<br />
3. saxelmwifo xelisuflebis org<strong>an</strong>oebi<br />
muxlis 10 g<strong>an</strong>xorcielebisas, romelic sajaro samsaxurSi regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enis gamoyenebas Seexeba, arsebobs ori SesaZlo midgoma.<br />
ufro metad ambiciuri midgoma iqnebo<strong>da</strong> nawili III-iT g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli<br />
<strong>enebis</strong>Tvis erTgvari kvazi-oficialuri statusis miniWeba im geografiuli<br />
regionebis administraciul org<strong>an</strong>oebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c es enebi farTod gamoiyeneba.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si es gza Zalze Tamam midgomad CaiTvlebo<strong>da</strong> im mizeziT, rom<br />
<strong>da</strong>knindebo<strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo enis roli. Tumca, muxlis 10 qvepunqtebi ar<br />
moiTxovs amgvar midgomas; es punqtebi gulisxmobs imas, rom <strong>regionaluri</strong><br />
<strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas adgilobriv<br />
xelisuflebasa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebas Soris urTierTobisas. rogorc vurlingi<br />
aRniSnavs, Cven un<strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>vasxvavoT adgilobrivi xelisuflebis org<strong>an</strong>oebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sazogadoebas Soris gare urTierTobebisas <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi<br />
administraciis org<strong>an</strong>oebs Soris Si<strong>da</strong> urTierTobebisas gamoyenebuli ena.<br />
momdevno g<strong>an</strong>sxvaveba un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgindes adgilobrivi xelisuflebis<br />
35
warmomadgenlobiT <strong>da</strong> aRmasrulebel org<strong>an</strong>oebs Soris. 16 muxlis 10<br />
gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT SezRuduli vari<strong>an</strong>ti iqnebo<strong>da</strong>: a) <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> ufleba adgilobrivi xelisuflebis<br />
org<strong>an</strong>oebsa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebas Soris gare urTierTobebisas, magram ara<br />
aucileblad - adgilobrivi administraciis org<strong>an</strong>oebs Soris Si<strong>da</strong><br />
urTierTobebisas; <strong>da</strong> b) am <strong>enebis</strong> gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> ufleba adgilobrivi<br />
xelisuflebis warmomadgenlobiT org<strong>an</strong>oebSi, magram ara aucileblad –<br />
aRmasrulebel org<strong>an</strong>oebSi. Eamgvari midgoma arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>akninebs saxelmwifo enas <strong>da</strong> SeiZleba warmatebiT iqnas gamoyenebuli<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli enis adgilobrivi xelisuflebis<br />
org<strong>an</strong>oebSi gamoy<strong>enebis</strong>Tvis zi<strong>an</strong>is miy<strong>enebis</strong> gareSe.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong> advilad Seasrulebs yvela pirobas zemoTaRniSnuli,<br />
ufro metad SezRuduli midgomis gamoyenebiT, rac gulisxmobs muxli 10-is<br />
TxuTmeti punqti<strong>da</strong>n cxra punqtis Sesrulebas, kerZod, 10.1a ii., 10.1b, 10.2b,<br />
10.2d, 10.2z, 10.2z, 10.3, 10.4 <strong>da</strong> 10.5. aq yvelaze metad sayurdReboa muxlebi 10.1<br />
<strong>da</strong> 10.2 (a-v), romlebic exeba adgilobrivi administraciis org<strong>an</strong>oebSi<br />
urTierTobaTa enas <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi xelisuflebis org<strong>an</strong>oebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
sazogadoebas Soris urTierTobebisas gamoyenebul enas. aq muxlebi 10.2g <strong>da</strong><br />
10.2e ar gamodgeba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>sTvis, vinai<strong>da</strong>n aq adgilobriv<br />
TviTmmarTvelobaSi arsebobs arCeuli warmomadgenlebisg<strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>kompleqtebuli mxolod erTi Sre. 17 muxlSi 10.2 arsebuli es g<strong>an</strong>sxvaveba<br />
“regionalur” <strong>da</strong> “adgilobriv” struqturebs Soris amdenad ar gamodgeba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s SemTxvevaSi (ix. <strong>da</strong>narTi 1). <strong>da</strong>matebiT am muxlebT<strong>an</strong>,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m SeiZleba g<strong>an</strong>axorcielos muxli 10.2z (gulisxmobs<br />
geografiuli <strong>da</strong>saxelebebis regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze<br />
gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> uflebas) <strong>da</strong> muxli 10.5 (gvarebis regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
enebze gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> uflebas), vinai<strong>da</strong>n es nabijebi Seesatyviseba qartiis<br />
muxls 11, romelic <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m ukve <strong>da</strong>amtkica. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m aseve<br />
16<br />
vurlingi, <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>qartia</strong>, kritikuli komentari, gv. 183<br />
17<br />
iqve, gv. 186.<br />
36
SeiZleba gamoiyenos qartiis muxli 10.3 (qvepunqti g), romelic saSualebas<br />
aZlevs regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparake pirebs Seit<strong>an</strong>on<br />
g<strong>an</strong>cxadi amave enebze im teritoriebze, sa<strong>da</strong>c es enebi farTod gamoiyeneba;<br />
<strong>da</strong> muxli 10.4 (qvepunqti a, b. <strong>da</strong> g), romelic gulisxmobs (orenov<strong>an</strong>i)<br />
personalis <strong>da</strong>niSvnas adgilobriv administraciul org<strong>an</strong>oebSi<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> codniT.<br />
rasakvirvelia, qartiis suliskveTebasT<strong>an</strong> SesabamisobaSi,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisuflebam un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>dgas aqtiuri nabijebi aRniSnuli<br />
RonisZiebebis saT<strong>an</strong>adod g<strong>an</strong>xorcielebisTvis. sak<strong>an</strong>onmdeblo cvlilebebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT aRniSnuli qvepunqtebis miReba moiTxovs Sesworebis Set<strong>an</strong>as<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s org<strong>an</strong>uli k<strong>an</strong>onis “adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb”<br />
muxlSi 10 (miRebulia 2005 w)., romlis T<strong>an</strong>axmad, “adgilobrivi<br />
xelisuflebis org<strong>an</strong>oebis samuSao enas <strong>da</strong> saqmis warmoebis ena<br />
warmoadgens <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s saxelmwifo ena”. SesworebaSi un<strong>da</strong> aisaxos<br />
Sesabamisi gamonaklisi warmomadgenlobiT org<strong>an</strong>oebT<strong>an</strong> mimarTebaSi. metic,<br />
muxlis 10.4 g<strong>an</strong>xorcieleba moiTxovs <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisuflebisg<strong>an</strong>,<br />
aqtiuri roli Seasrulos adgilobrivi administraciuli org<strong>an</strong>oebis<br />
kompetenturi orenov<strong>an</strong>i personaliT <strong>da</strong>kompleqtebaSi, xelisuflebis<br />
adgilobriv org<strong>an</strong>oebsa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebas Soris kavSirisa <strong>da</strong> Tarjimnebis<br />
uzrunvelyofis mizniT. rogorc winamdebare werilis avtorma wina<br />
werilSi aRniSna, aRniSnuli waaxalisebs orenov<strong>an</strong> g<strong>an</strong>aTlebas TemebSi,<br />
romelTa warmomadgenlebma ar icodnen <strong>da</strong> arc iyvnen <strong>da</strong>iteresebulni<br />
saxelmwifo enis SeswavliT. aseve, Seiqmneba orenov<strong>an</strong>i profesionalebis<br />
rezervi uwin marginalizebul eTnikur umciresobebSi. 18 yovelive es ki,<br />
sabolood, ki ar <strong>da</strong>abrkolebs, aramed gaaRrmavebs erovnuli integraciis<br />
process.<br />
18 ix. jonat<strong>an</strong> uitli, “<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> statusi <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si <strong>da</strong> sxva evropul qveynebSi<br />
arsebuli modelebis Sesabamisoba”, erovnul <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> centri, samuSao dokumenti<br />
#26, 2006 wlis marti - Jonath<strong>an</strong> Wheatley, “The Status of Minority L<strong>an</strong>guages in Georgia <strong>an</strong>d the Relev<strong>an</strong>ce of Models from<br />
Other Europe<strong>an</strong> States”, ECMI Working Paper #26 (March 2006). www.ecmi.de/download/working_paper_26.pdf.<br />
37
4. mediis saSualebebi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisuflebam ukve gamoxata masmediaSi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> survili. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s kulturis<br />
saministro afin<strong>an</strong>sebs gazeTebs <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze, rogoricaa<br />
somxurenov<strong>an</strong>i vrast<strong>an</strong>, azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ulenov<strong>an</strong>i gurjist<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong> rusulenov<strong>an</strong>i<br />
svobodnaia gruzia. ufro metic, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s k<strong>an</strong>onSi “mauwyeblobis<br />
Sesaxeb” 2008 wlis martSi Set<strong>an</strong>ili Sesworebebis T<strong>an</strong>axmad, sazogadoebrivi<br />
mauwyeblis <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 25% un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ixarjos yofili samxreT oseTis<br />
avtonomiur olqT<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong> afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikasT<strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sakiTxebis irgvliv programebis momzadebaze, <strong>da</strong> aseve<br />
programebis mauwyeblobaze <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze.” es mimarTuleba<br />
<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebulia agreTve <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mier axlax<strong>an</strong>s miRebul<br />
“Semwynareblobisa <strong>da</strong> samoqalaqo integraciis erovnul koncefciaSi”<br />
(<strong>da</strong>mtkic<strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mTavrobis mier 2009 wlis 29 aprils). 19 2005<br />
wli<strong>da</strong>n <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s televiziis pirveli arxi mauwyeblobs sainformacio<br />
programas moambe afxazur, osur, somxur, azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong> rusul enebze<br />
kviraSi erTxel, 30 wuTis g<strong>an</strong>mavlobaSi (g<strong>an</strong>sxvavebul enaze yoveldRe,<br />
plius mokle sainformacio programa rusul enaze yoveldRiurad). aseve<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>icema radio ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi dRis g<strong>an</strong>mavlobaSi zemoTaRniSnul enebze,<br />
aseve kurm<strong>an</strong>ji (qurTul enaze). <strong>da</strong>matebiT, uk<strong>an</strong>asknel wlebSi eTerSi gadis<br />
rigi programebisa <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> sakiTxebze, maT Soris Toq-Sou italiuri<br />
ezo, Sou Cveni <strong>saqarTvelo</strong> <strong>da</strong> dokumenturi filmebis seria eTnikur<br />
umciresobebze (multieTnikuri <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>).<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisuflebam mxari <strong>da</strong>uWira<br />
agreTve 2005 wels telekomp<strong>an</strong>ia al<strong>an</strong>ia TV-s Seqmnas, romlis miz<strong>an</strong>i iyo<br />
19<br />
toler<strong>an</strong>tulobis <strong>da</strong> samoqalaqo integraciis nacionaluri koncefcia, <strong>da</strong>mtkic<strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
mTavrobis mier 2009 wlis 29 aprils.<br />
38
informaciis gavrceleba rusul unaze samxreT oseTis separatistuli<br />
regionis mosaxleobisTvis. al<strong>an</strong>ia TV dRemde mauwyeblobs. 20<br />
erovnuli koncefciis miRebasT<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong> zemoTaRniSnul sak<strong>an</strong>onmdeblo<br />
cvlilebebT<strong>an</strong> Sesabamisad, SemuSavebulia <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze<br />
mauwyeblobis wilis mniSvnelov<strong>an</strong>i gazrdis gegmebi. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisuflebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n sazogadoebriv mauwyeblobaSi<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> CarTvis survili aSkaraa, dRemde am<br />
mimarTulebiT ga<strong>da</strong>dgmuli konkretuli nabijebi arcTu ise bevria. sabWoTa<br />
periodi<strong>da</strong>n tradiciulad centraluri xelisuflebis <strong>da</strong>fin<strong>an</strong>sebis qveS<br />
arsebuli, <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze gamocemuli gazeTebis <strong>da</strong>fin<strong>an</strong>seba bolo<br />
wlebSi Semcir<strong>da</strong>. 21 rac Seexeba saxelmwifo televizias, misi Senat<strong>an</strong>i<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> g<strong>an</strong>viTarebaSi arcTu imdenad<br />
sagrZnobia; kerZod, moambis eTerSi gasvlis dro (15.00) Sorsaa praim-<br />
Taimi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> vinai<strong>da</strong>n informacia erT enaze kviraSi mxolod erTxel gadis,<br />
SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom misi moculoba Zalze mwiria. <strong>da</strong> bolos, al<strong>an</strong>ia<br />
TV-s <strong>da</strong>aarseba sakamaTo sag<strong>an</strong>ia, vinai<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebuli mosazrebiT, igi<br />
miznad isaxav<strong>da</strong> ara marto osuri enis g<strong>an</strong>viTarebis xelSewyobas, aramed<br />
emsaxurebo<strong>da</strong> separatistuli reJimis sawinaaRmdego propag<strong>an</strong><strong>da</strong>s.<br />
nebismieri ga<strong>da</strong>dgmuli nabijiT <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisufleba<br />
a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, rom, faqtobirvad, ar ewinaaRmdegeba RonisZiebebs, romlebic<br />
emsaxureba masmediaSi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> ufro farTo<br />
<strong>da</strong>nergvas. metic, qartiis muxli 11 gulisxmobs kidev ufro meti stimulis<br />
micemas <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisuflebisTvis, gaagrZelos wamowyebuli<br />
iniciativebi <strong>da</strong> waaxalisos sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli kidev ufro<br />
gaaRrmavos mcdelobebi am mimarTulebiT. kidev erTxel, saxelmwifos ar<br />
20 moli korso, “satelevizio mauwyebloba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si misteriulia <strong>da</strong> badebs kiTxvebs”, evrazia<br />
insaiti, 2006 wlis 22 maisi (Moly Corso, ‘Television Station in Georgia Operates Mysteriously, Generates Controversy’<br />
(Eurasia Insight, 22 May 2006) http://www.eurasi<strong>an</strong>et.org/departiments/insight/articles/eav052206a.shtml<br />
21 mag., eTnikurad somexi parlamentaris v<strong>an</strong> baiburTis informaciiT (2006 wlis 27 i<strong>an</strong>vari), 2005 wels<br />
gazeTis vrast<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>fin<strong>an</strong>sebam Seadgina 15.000 lari, maSin rodesac, Cveulebriv, gazeTis <strong>da</strong>fin<strong>an</strong>seba<br />
Seadgen<strong>da</strong> 20.000 lars. http://www.media.ge/eng/news_detailed.php?id_numb=366<br />
39
sWirdeba regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze mauwyebeli tele <strong>da</strong> radio<br />
arxebis <strong>da</strong>arseba, sakmarisia is faqti, rom igi mxars uWers arsebul<br />
iniciativebs, miT umetes, rom mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera ar gamoixateba mxolod sityvebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> cariel JestebSi.Uukve ga<strong>da</strong>dgmul nabijebT<strong>an</strong> SesabamisobaSi,<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisuflebas SeuZlia imuSaos imis uzruvelyofaze, rom<br />
“teleradiomauwyeblebma warmoadginon programebi regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze” (muxli 11.1aiii), “waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> xeli Seuwyon<br />
radioprogramebis mauwyeblobas regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze<br />
regularul safuZvelze” (muxli11.1b ii), “waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> xeli Seuwyon<br />
satelevizio programebis mauwyeblobas regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
enebze regularul safuZvelze; (muxli 11.1g ii), ‘waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> xeli<br />
Seuwyon regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze audio <strong>da</strong> audiovizualuri<br />
naSromebis warmoebas <strong>da</strong> distribucias;” (muxli 11d), <strong>da</strong> “waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong><br />
xeli Seuwyon sagazeTo statiebis gamoqveynebas regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze regularul safuZvelze” (muxli 11e ii). muxlebi 11v <strong>da</strong><br />
11z, Seesabameba ra <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisuflebis mier g<strong>an</strong>xorcielebul<br />
iniciativebs, gulisxmobs mniSvnelov<strong>an</strong> fin<strong>an</strong>sur <strong>da</strong>xmarebas, risi gaRebac<br />
SeiZleba rTuli aRmoCndes saxelmwifosTvis dRev<strong>an</strong>del rTul viTarebaSi.<br />
Tu ar CavTvliT am punqtebs, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>amtkicos muxlis 11.1<br />
Svidi punqti<strong>da</strong>n xuTi mainc.<br />
rac Seexeba muxls 11.2 radio <strong>da</strong> telemauwyeblobis <strong>da</strong> beWduri<br />
mediasaSuualebebis miRebis uzrunvelofis Sesaxeb tr<strong>an</strong>ssasazRvro<br />
konteqstSi, es piroba azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong> somxur umciresobebT<strong>an</strong><br />
mimarTebaSi <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebulia. samcxe-javaxeTsa <strong>da</strong> qvemo qarTlSi<br />
mcxovrebi mosaxleoba iRebs radio <strong>da</strong> teleprogramebs baqo<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong><br />
erevni<strong>da</strong>n. maSin rodesac es situacia zogierTis azriT (qarTuli mxri<strong>da</strong>n)<br />
aixsneba rogorc erovnul <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> qarTul sazogadoebaSi<br />
integrirebis Semaferxebeli tendencia, mediis <strong>da</strong> kulturis sferoSi<br />
politikis SemuSavebaze pasuxismgebelma pirebma ki ar un<strong>da</strong> SezRudon<br />
erovnul <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> mier msgavsi mauwyeblobis miReba, aramed, amis<br />
40
sapirispirod, moizidon <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>aintereson isini qarTuli mauwyeblobiT –<br />
rogorc saxelmwifo enis swavlebis, aseve (sa<strong>da</strong>c aucilebelia) qarTuli<br />
telega<strong>da</strong>cemebis Sesabamis <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze sinqronuli Targm<strong>an</strong>is<br />
uzrunvelyofiT.<br />
<strong>da</strong> bolos, muxli 11.3, romelic exeba regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
enebze molaparakeTa interesebis warmodgenas mediis Tavisuflebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
pluralizmis uzrunvelyofaze pasuxismgebel saxelmwifo org<strong>an</strong>oebSi – am<br />
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnis mokle droSi <strong>da</strong>kmayofileba<br />
SeiZleba problematuri aRmoCndes, vinai<strong>da</strong>n amgvari org<strong>an</strong>oebis Seqmnaze<br />
saubari naadrevia jer Tavad qarTulenov<strong>an</strong> mediasT<strong>an</strong> mimarTebaSi.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si Tavisufali <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli mediis g<strong>an</strong>viTarebis<br />
istoria sul raRac aT wels iTvlis. amdenad, saxelmwifo struqturebis<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n jer kidev arsebobs sare<strong>da</strong>qcio politikaSi Carevis <strong>da</strong>, amdenad,<br />
mediis Tavisuflebis ara xelSewyobis, aramed SezRudvis tendencia. m<strong>an</strong>am,<br />
s<strong>an</strong>am es mdgomareoba normalizdeba naklebad savaraudoa, zemoTaRniSnulma<br />
nabijma raime Sedegi moit<strong>an</strong>os. jerjerobiT, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m SeiZleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>akmayofilos muxli 11-is cxra punqti<strong>da</strong>n eqvsi.<br />
5. kultura<br />
sabWoTa kavSiris dros arsebob<strong>da</strong> mTeli rigi kulturuli<br />
org<strong>an</strong>izaciebisa, romlebic warmoadgendnen <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si mcxovreb<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva erovnul <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebs <strong>da</strong> kulturebs. amdenad, arsebobs<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze mimdinare kulturul saqmi<strong>an</strong>obaTa<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris precedenti. mTavari problema aq isaa, rom sabWoTa kavSiris<br />
<strong>da</strong>Slisa <strong>da</strong> misi T<strong>an</strong>amdevi ekonomikuri krizisis Sedegad umravlesoba<br />
aRniSnuli org<strong>an</strong>izaciebisa <strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>iSala, <strong>an</strong> funqionaluroba <strong>da</strong>karga<br />
<strong>da</strong>fin<strong>an</strong>sebis ararsebobis gamo. naTelia, rom saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong>fin<strong>an</strong>sebis<br />
ararsebobisas/SezRudvisas prioritetulad kulturul saqmi<strong>an</strong>obaTa<br />
41
fin<strong>an</strong>suri mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera naklebad savaraudoa. amdenad, fin<strong>an</strong>suri problemis<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>, principulad, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s saxelisuflo org<strong>an</strong>oebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n raime<br />
sxva saxis winaaRmdegobas adgili ar aqvs qartiis muxli 12-is mTxovnebT<strong>an</strong><br />
mimarTebaSi.<br />
faqtobrivad, qarTuli saxelmwifo struqturebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n arsebobs<br />
myari mizezebi, raTa SesaZleblobaTa farglebSi moxdes kulturis sferos<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera rogorc qarTul, aseve azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong> somxur enebze.<br />
upirveles yovlisa, aqcenti keTdeba kulturul saqmi<strong>an</strong>obaTa xelSewyobaze,<br />
romlebic ar aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli did fin<strong>an</strong>sur <strong>da</strong>naxarjebT<strong>an</strong>. mxolod<br />
muxli 12.1T moixseniebs fin<strong>an</strong>sur sakiTxs <strong>da</strong> principSi, am qvepunqtiT<br />
gaTvaliswinebul saqmi<strong>an</strong>obaTa <strong>da</strong>fin<strong>an</strong>seba SeiZleba ga<strong>da</strong>idos ekonomikuri<br />
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebamde. meore mxriv, muxli 12-is zogi punqti<br />
Seicavs zomebs, romlebic pir<strong>da</strong>pir emsaxureba samoqalaqo intgraciis<br />
miznebs. kerZod, muxli 12.1b <strong>da</strong> g, rac gulisxmobs saTargm<strong>an</strong>o, dublirebis,<br />
post-sinqronizaciisa <strong>da</strong> subtitrirebis saqmi<strong>an</strong>obisaTvis <strong>da</strong>xmarebis<br />
gawevas qarTulenov<strong>an</strong>i mosaxleobisTvis azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong> somxur enebze<br />
Seqmnili naSromebisadmi xelmisawvdomobisa <strong>da</strong> aseve, qarTuli filmebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> literaturis azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong> somxurenov<strong>an</strong>i mosaxleobisTvis<br />
xelmisawvdomobis mizniT – <strong>da</strong>exmareba mosaxleobis umravlesobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> Temebis <strong>da</strong>axloebas. metic, g<strong>an</strong>xorcieleba muxlSi 12.1e<br />
aRwerili zomebisa, romelTa gatareba miz<strong>an</strong>Sewonilia im mizniT, rom<br />
kulturul saqmi<strong>an</strong>obaTa g<strong>an</strong>maxorcielebel saxelwifo org<strong>an</strong>oebSi<br />
muSaobdes Sesabamis regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enaze molaparake<br />
personali, xels Seuwyobs orenovnebis g<strong>an</strong>viTarebas <strong>da</strong> droTa<br />
g<strong>an</strong>mavlobaSi, saxelmwifoSi orenov<strong>an</strong>i inteligenciis Camoyalibebas,<br />
romelmac SeiZleba Seasrulos qarTul <strong>da</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> kulturebs Soris<br />
<strong>da</strong>makavSirebeli xidis roli. amdenad, muxli 12-Si moyv<strong>an</strong>ili zomebis<br />
Sesrulebam SeiZleba integratiuli roli iTamaSos qarTul<br />
sazogadoebaSi. SezRuduli fin<strong>an</strong>suri resursebiTac ki <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
SeuZlia muxli 12-Si moyv<strong>an</strong>ili yvela punqtis Sesruleba, gar<strong>da</strong> 12.1T<br />
qvepunqtisa (e.i. Sesrulebas eqvemdebareba aTi punqti<strong>da</strong>n cxra).<br />
42
6. ekonomikuri saqmi<strong>an</strong>obebi<br />
rogorc vurlingi aRniSnavs, muxli 13, romelic exeba regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoyenebas ekonomikur <strong>da</strong> socialur saqmi<strong>an</strong>obebSi,<br />
emsaxureba or ZiriTad miz<strong>an</strong>s: pirveli – SezRudvebis aRmofxvra<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoyenebasT<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT socialur<br />
<strong>da</strong> ekonomikur sferoebSi, <strong>da</strong> meore – im saqmi<strong>an</strong>obaTa mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera, romlebic<br />
waaxalisebs regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoyenebas am sferoebSi 22 .<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s SemTxvevaSi pirveli miznis miRweva ufro advilia, vidre<br />
meoresi. amis mizezia is, rom sabWoTa kavSiris <strong>da</strong>Slis Semdgom<br />
saxelmwifos gavlena <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s ekonomikaze ufro metad formaluria,<br />
vidre oficialuri <strong>da</strong> amdenad, saxelmwifos rolis institucionalizacia<br />
ekonomikur cxovrebaSi jer adreul etapebs iTvlis. amdenad, sadReisod,<br />
ekonomikuri saqmi<strong>an</strong>obebis g<strong>an</strong>maxorcielebeli instituciebis Si<strong>da</strong><br />
regulirebis Sesacvlelad muxlebiT 13.1b, 13.1g, 13.1d, 13.2a <strong>an</strong>d 13.2b<br />
g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli konkretuli zomebis SemoReba naklebad moit<strong>an</strong>s Sedegs.<br />
muxli 13.2e, romelic emsaxureba informaciis gavrcelebas regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze momxmarebelTa uflebebis sferoSi, savaraudod, aseve<br />
arapraqtikulia, zoga<strong>da</strong>d “momxmarebelTa uflebebis” cnebis irgvliv<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s mosaxleobis naklebad gacnobierebulobis gamo. Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
advilad Sesasrulebeli moTxovnebi mocemulia muxlSi 13.1a, romelic<br />
iTvaliswinebs imgvari k<strong>an</strong>onmdeblobis gauqmebas, romelic krZalavs <strong>an</strong><br />
zRu<strong>da</strong>vs <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoyenebas dokumentebSi,<br />
romlebic exeba ekonomikur <strong>an</strong> socialur cxovrebas; muxli 13.2.g, romelic<br />
iTvaliswinebs <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoy<strong>enebis</strong><br />
uzrunvelyofas socialuri <strong>da</strong>cvis <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebSi, rogoricaa<br />
saavadmyofoebi; <strong>da</strong> muxli 13.2.d, romelic iTvaliswinebs, rom usafrTxoebis<br />
instruqciebi Sedgenil iqnas regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze im<br />
22 vurlingi, <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>qartia</strong>, kritikuli komentari, gv. 224 -<br />
Woehrling, The Europe<strong>an</strong> Charter for Regional <strong>an</strong>d Minority L<strong>an</strong>guages: A Critical Commentary, 224.<br />
43
teritoriebze, sa<strong>da</strong>c es enebi farTod gamoiyeneba. amdenad, <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s<br />
SeuZlia Seasrulos muxli 13-is cxra punqti<strong>da</strong>n sami.<br />
7. sazRvarTSorisi gacvlebi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s uaxlesi istorii<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, kerZod ki, samxreT<br />
oseTsa <strong>da</strong> afxazeTSi 1990 wlebis samoqalaqo omebiT gamowveulma<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s iurisdiqciis <strong>da</strong>kargvam sazRvarTSorisi gacvlebis sakiTxi<br />
metad problematuri gaxa<strong>da</strong>. es sakiTxi aseve arsebiTia samcxe-javaxeTisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> qvemo qarTlis azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong> somxurenov<strong>an</strong> mosaxleobasT<strong>an</strong><br />
mimarTebaSi, romlebic esazRvrebi<strong>an</strong> sakuTar monaTesave saxelmwifoebs. am<br />
Temebis geografiuli g<strong>an</strong>Tavseba, iredentizmis SiST<strong>an</strong> erTad niSnavs, rom<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisufleba Tavs Seikavebs sazRvarTSorisi gacvlebis<br />
xelSwyobisken mimarTuli zomebis gatarebisg<strong>an</strong> - erTi mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si mcxovreb azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong> somxurenov<strong>an</strong> lingvistur<br />
umciresobebsa <strong>da</strong> meore mxri<strong>da</strong>n, azerbaij<strong>an</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> somxeTSi mcxovreb<br />
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong> somxur enebze molaparake mosaxleobas Soris. T<strong>an</strong>ac,<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom amgvari gacvlebi mainc iwarmoeba <strong>da</strong> swored es badebs<br />
SiSs, rom es umciresobebi ufro ukeT ari<strong>an</strong> integrirebuli Tavi<strong>an</strong>T<br />
monaTesave qveynebis socialur <strong>da</strong> kulturul cxovrebaSi, vidre<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s socialur <strong>da</strong> kulturul cxovrebaSi. amdenad, am etapze<br />
aRniSnuli zomebis gatareba CaiTvleba integraciis sawinaaRmdegod<br />
mimarTul qmedebad. amasT<strong>an</strong>, arsebuli kavSirebis sixSiris<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, amgvari zomebis gatareba zedmetic kia. amdenad, naklebad<br />
savaraudoa, rom <strong>saqarTvelo</strong> sakuTar Tavze aiRebs muxlSi 14 moyv<strong>an</strong>ili<br />
punqtebis Sesrulebas.<br />
8. nawili III-is gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> Sejameba<br />
am nawilSi me gamovavline, Tu rogorc SeiZleba <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m miusa<strong>da</strong>gos<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> qartiis nawili III<br />
44
azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli <strong>da</strong> somxuri <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvas, samoqalaqo integraciisa <strong>da</strong><br />
‘demosis’ konsoli<strong>da</strong>ciis ideebisadmi zi<strong>an</strong>is miy<strong>enebis</strong> gareSe, rac efuZneba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si mcxovrebi yvela moqalaqis, <strong>da</strong> ara erTi erovnebiT<br />
g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli Temis - sazogadoebriv gaerTi<strong>an</strong>ebas. piriqiT, nawili III-is<br />
g<strong>an</strong>xorcielebis Sedegad SeiZleba xeli Seewyos integraciis processs<br />
orenov<strong>an</strong>i g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis SemoRebiT adreuli asaki<strong>da</strong>n, <strong>da</strong> orenov<strong>an</strong>i<br />
inteligenciis CamoyalibebiT – romelsac Seadgenen <strong>da</strong>saqmebuli<br />
maswavleblebi, mTargmnelebi <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebasT<strong>an</strong> urTierTobebze<br />
pasuxismgebeli pirebi. amgvari nabijebi, imedia, erTm<strong>an</strong>eTT<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>aaxlovebs<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si mcxovreb g<strong>an</strong>sxvavebul lingvistur Temebs. <strong>da</strong>skvnis saxiT<br />
min<strong>da</strong> avRniSno, rom <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>m SeiZleba miiRos qartiis nawili III-is 42<br />
punqti, rac 7 punqtiT aRemateba aucilebel minimums - 35 punqts. esenia:<br />
muxlebi 8.1a (ii), 8.1b (ii), 8.1g (ii), 8.1d (ii), 8.1e (ii), 8.1T, 8.1i, 8.2, 9.1a (ii), 9.1b (ii), 9.1g<br />
(ii), 9.1d, 9.3, 10.1a (ii)., 10.1b, 10.2b, 10.2d, 10.2v, 10.2z, 10.3, 10.4a, 10.4b, 10.4g, 10.5, 11.1a<br />
(iii), 11.1b (ii), 11.1g (ii), 11d, 11e (i), 11.2, 12.1a, 12.1b, 12.1g, 12.1d, 12.1e, 12.1v 12.1z, 12.2,<br />
12.3, 13.1a, 13.2g <strong>an</strong>d 13.2d. es saSualebas miscems <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s xelisuflebas<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitos, Tu ramdeni punqtis miReba surs sabolood, g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebiT ki<br />
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom azerbaij<strong>an</strong>ul <strong>da</strong> somxur enebT<strong>an</strong> mimarTebaSi<br />
SesaZloa g<strong>an</strong>sxvavebuli modulebis ratificireba, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu<br />
xelisufleba <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi lingvisturi jgufebis warmomadgenlebi<br />
eT<strong>an</strong>xmebi<strong>an</strong> g<strong>an</strong>sxvavebul mdgomareobas aRniSnul or enasT<strong>an</strong> mimarTebaSi.<br />
IV. <strong>da</strong>skvna<br />
winadebare naSromSi me gamovavline, Tu rogor Seuwyobs xels<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>qartia</strong> ara mxolod gaqrobis<br />
winaSe mdgari, yvelaze mcirericxov<strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvas, aramed<br />
moaxdens <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT farTod gamoyenebadi - azerbaij<strong>an</strong>uli<br />
<strong>da</strong> somxuri <strong>enebis</strong> institucionalizacias samoqalaqo integraciis saboloo<br />
miznisTvis zi<strong>an</strong>is miy<strong>enebis</strong> gareSe.<br />
45
evr qvey<strong>an</strong>aSi, romlebmac ukve moaxdines qartiis ratificireba,<br />
oficialur enaze (enebze) laparakobs praqtikulad yvela moqalaqe.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelo</strong>Si ki, saxelmwifo enis arasakmarisma codnam <strong>da</strong>abrkola<br />
erovnul <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> integracia <strong>da</strong> gamoiwvia SiSi, rom “Cven, eri” cnebis<br />
matarebeli cnobierebis naklebobam SeiZleba Seaferxos<br />
saxelmwifoebriobis Camoyalibeba. <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s SemTxvevaSi, amdenad,<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>qartia</strong> gulmodgined un<strong>da</strong><br />
iqnas ga<strong>an</strong>alizebuli, raTa maqsimaluri <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis <strong>da</strong> zedmiwevniTi<br />
<strong>an</strong>alizis Sedegad sworad SeirCes qartiis nawili III-is Semadgeneli<br />
punqtebi imisTvis, raTa gatarebuli zomebis Sedegad erovnuli<br />
umciresobebis warmomadgenlebma ar <strong>da</strong>kargon qarTuli enis Seswavlis<br />
survili. rogorc wina nawilSi vaCvene, punqtebi SeiZleba SeirCes imgvarad,<br />
raTa ki ar Seferxdes, aramed xeli Seewyos samoqalaqo integracias <strong>da</strong><br />
saxelmwifo enis swavlebas imaTTvis, visTvisac qarTuli ena ar<br />
warmoadgens mSobliurs.<br />
fun<strong>da</strong>menturi gamowveva <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>sTvis, qartiis ratificirebamde<br />
periodSi, atarebs ufro metad fsiqologiur, vidre teqnikur xasiaTs.<br />
qartiis filosofia efuZneba im mosazrebas, rom <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi warmoadgens konkretuli qveynis erovnuli<br />
memkvidreobis nawils; rac ayalibebs qveynis moqalaqeobis swored<br />
samoqalaqo <strong>da</strong> ara eTnikuri niSniT g<strong>an</strong>sazRvrul koncefcias, romlis<br />
<strong>da</strong>mkvidrebac iseT qveynebSi, rogoricaa <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>, sa<strong>da</strong>c eTnikuri<br />
nacionalizmi istoriulad mZlavr mamoZravebel Zalas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> -<br />
rTulia. gamowveva <strong>saqarTvelo</strong>s saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong> qarTuli<br />
sazogadoebisTvis mdgomareobs im faqtis safuZvli<strong>an</strong>ad gaazrebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
gulwrfelad gacnobierebaSi, rom <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi<br />
warmoadgens kulturuli simdidris, <strong>da</strong> ara eTnikuri qarTvelebis<br />
interesebisadmi mimarTuli safrTxis gamoxatulebas.<br />
46
<strong>da</strong>narTi 1: <strong>evropuli</strong> <strong>qartia</strong> <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong><br />
Sesaxeb<br />
strasburgi, 2. X. 1992<br />
preambula<br />
qvemore xelmomweri evropis sabWos wevri saxelmwifoebi, iTvaliswineben ra,<br />
rom evropis sabWos miz<strong>an</strong>ia mis wevrebs Soris ufro didi erTi<strong>an</strong>obis miRweva,<br />
kerZod, im idealebisa <strong>da</strong> principebis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> realizaciis mizniT,<br />
romlebic warmoadgenen maT saerTo memkvidreobas;<br />
iTvaliswineben ra, rom evropis istoriuli <strong>regionaluri</strong> Tu <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
<strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva, romelTag<strong>an</strong>ac zogierTs saboloo gaqroba emuqreba, xels uwyobs<br />
evropis kulturuli simdidrisa <strong>da</strong> tradiciebis SenarCunebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
g<strong>an</strong>viTarebas; iTvaliswineben ra, rom pirad <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enis gamoyeneba warmoadgens xelSeuxebel<br />
uflebas, romelic Seesabameba samoqalaqo <strong>da</strong> politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
gaerTi<strong>an</strong>ebuli erebis saerTaSoriso paqtiT gaTvaliswinebul principebs <strong>da</strong><br />
aseve, evropis sabWos a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>is uflebaTa <strong>da</strong> ZiriTad TavisuflebebaTa <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
konvenciis suliskveTebas;<br />
mxedvelobaSi iRben ra euTos mier Sesrulebul samuSaos, kerZod ki 1957 wlis<br />
helsinkis <strong>da</strong>skvniT aqtsa <strong>da</strong> 1990 wlis kopenhagenis Sexvedris dokuments; xazs<br />
usvamen ra kulturuli urTierTobebisa <strong>da</strong> mravalenovnebis Rirebulebas <strong>da</strong><br />
iTvaliswineben ra imas, rom <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvam <strong>da</strong><br />
waxalisebam zi<strong>an</strong>i ar un<strong>da</strong> miayenos oficialur enebsa <strong>da</strong> maTi Seswavlis<br />
aucileblobas; acnobiereben ra, rom evropis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveynebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
regionebSi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> maTTvis xelis<br />
Sewyoba warmoadgens mniSvnelov<strong>an</strong> wvlils demkratiisa <strong>da</strong> kulturuli<br />
mravalferovnebis principebze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli evropis mSeneblobisaTvis,<br />
erovnuli suverenitetisa <strong>da</strong> teritoriuli mTli<strong>an</strong>obis \ farglebSi;<br />
mxedvelobaSi iReben ra specifikur pirobebsa <strong>da</strong> istoriul tradiciebs<br />
<strong>evropuli</strong> saxelmwifoebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva regionebSi, SeT<strong>an</strong>xmdnen Semdegze:<br />
nawili I<br />
muxli 1 – g<strong>an</strong>sazRvrebebi<br />
am qartiis miznebisaTvis:<br />
a) "<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi" niSnavs enebs, romlebic:<br />
i. tradiciulad gamoiyenebi<strong>an</strong> saxelmwifos Sesabamis teritoriaze am<br />
saxelmwifos moqalaqeebis mier, romlebic ricxobrivad ufro patara jgufs<br />
warmoadgenen, vidre am saxelmwifos <strong>da</strong>narCeni mosaxleoba; <strong>da</strong><br />
ii. g<strong>an</strong>sxvavdebi<strong>an</strong> saxelmwifos oficialuri enisag<strong>an</strong> (<strong>enebis</strong>ag<strong>an</strong>); igi ar moicavs<br />
saxelmwifos oficialuri enis dialeqtebsa <strong>da</strong> arc migr<strong>an</strong>tebis enebs;<br />
47
) "teritoria, romelze<strong>da</strong>c gamoiyeneba <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis ena"<br />
niSnavs geografiul raions, sa<strong>da</strong>c aRniSnuli ena gamoxatvis saSualebas<br />
warmoadgens im raodenobis xalxisaTvis, rom am qartiiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>mcavi <strong>da</strong> xelSemwyobi zomebis miReba gamarTlebuli iyos;<br />
g) "ara-teritoriuli enebi" niSnavs saxelmwifos moqalaqeebis mier<br />
gamoyenebul enebs, romlebic g<strong>an</strong>sxvavdebi<strong>an</strong> saxelmwifos <strong>da</strong>narCeni<br />
mosaxleobis mier gamoyenebuli enis <strong>an</strong> <strong>enebis</strong>ag<strong>an</strong>, magram romlebic, Tumca<br />
tradiciulad gamoiyenebi<strong>an</strong> saxelmwifos teritoriaze, ver gaigivdebi<strong>an</strong><br />
romelime konkretul raionT<strong>an</strong>.<br />
muxli 2 – valdebuleb<strong>an</strong>i<br />
1. TiToeuli mxare valdebulebas iRebs gamoiyenos II nawilis debulebebi mis<br />
teritoriaze gamoyenebuli yvela regionuli <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enis mimarT,<br />
romelic akmayofilebs 1-l muxlSi mocemul g<strong>an</strong>sazRvrebas.<br />
2. TiToeuli mxare valdebulebas iRebs, me-3 muxlis T<strong>an</strong>axmad ratifikaciis,<br />
miRebis <strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>mtkicebis dros g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli TiToeuli enis mimarT gamoiyenos<br />
qartiis III nawili<strong>da</strong>n SerCeuli ar<strong>an</strong>akleb oc<strong>da</strong>TxuTmeti punqti <strong>an</strong> qve-punqti,<br />
romelTa Soris arCeuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos me-8 <strong>da</strong> me-12 muxlebi<strong>da</strong>n ar<strong>an</strong>akleb sam-sami<br />
punqti <strong>da</strong> me-9, me-10, me-11 <strong>da</strong> me-13 muxlebis TiTo punqti mainc.<br />
muxli 3 - praqtikuli RonisZiebebi<br />
1. TiToeuli xelSemkvreli mxare saratifikacio, miRebis <strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>mtkicebis<br />
sigelSig<strong>an</strong>sazRvravs TiToeul regionalur <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enas <strong>an</strong><br />
oficialur enas, romelic mTels mis teritoriaze <strong>an</strong> teritoriis nawilSi<br />
naklebad aris gamoyenebuli <strong>da</strong> romelTa mimarTac moxdeba me-2 muxlis me-2<br />
punqtis Sesabamisad SerCeuli punqtebis gamoyeneba.<br />
2. nebismier mxares, mogvi<strong>an</strong>ebiT nebismier dros SeuZlia Seatyobinos<br />
generalur mdiv<strong>an</strong>s, rom igi iRebs qartiis nebismieri punqtis debulebebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamomdinare valdebulebebs, romlebic ar ari<strong>an</strong> g<strong>an</strong>sazRvrulni saratifikacio,<br />
miRebis <strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>mtkicebis sigelSi, <strong>an</strong> igi gamoiyenebs winamdebare muxlis 1-l<br />
punqts sxva regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>an</strong> sxva oficialuri <strong>enebis</strong> mimarT,<br />
romlebic naklebad gamoiyenebi<strong>an</strong> mis mTels teritoriaze <strong>an</strong> teritoriis<br />
nawilSi.<br />
3. wina punqtiT g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli valdebulebebi g<strong>an</strong>ixileba ratifikaciis, miRebis<br />
<strong>an</strong> mowonebis Semadgenel nawilad <strong>da</strong> aqvs igive iuridiuli Zala Setyobinebis<br />
gagzavnis TariRi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
muxli 4 - <strong>da</strong>cvis arsebuli reJimebi<br />
1. araferi, gaTvaliswinebuli am qartiiT, SeiZleba axsna-g<strong>an</strong>martebuli iqnas<br />
imgvarad, rom izRudebodes, <strong>an</strong> irRveodes a<strong>da</strong>mi<strong>an</strong>is uflebaTa <strong>evropuli</strong><br />
konvenciiT uzrunvelyofili romelime ufleba.<br />
2. am qartiis debulebebi zegavlenas ar moaxdenen ufro xelsayrel<br />
debulebebze, romlebic exebi<strong>an</strong> <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> statuss<br />
<strong>an</strong> umciresobebisadmi kuTvnili pirebis samarTlebriv reJims, romelic<br />
SeiZleba arsebobdes xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoSi <strong>an</strong> uzrunvelyofili iyos<br />
Sesabamisi ormxrivi <strong>an</strong> mravalmxrivi saerTaSoriso SeT<strong>an</strong>xmebebiT.<br />
48
muxli 5 - arsebuli valdebuleb<strong>an</strong>i<br />
araferi, gaTvaliswinebuli am qartiiT, SeiZleba axsna-g<strong>an</strong>martebuli iqnas<br />
imgvarad, rom iZleodes raime saqmi<strong>an</strong>obaSi CarTvis <strong>an</strong> raime saqmi<strong>an</strong>obis<br />
g<strong>an</strong>xorcielebis uflebas, rac winaaRmdegobaSi iqneba gaerTi<strong>an</strong>ebuli erebis<br />
qartiis miznebT<strong>an</strong> <strong>an</strong> saerTaSoriso samarTliT <strong>da</strong>dgenil sxva<br />
valdebulebebT<strong>an</strong>, saxelmwifoTa suverenitetisa <strong>da</strong> teritoriuli mTli<strong>an</strong>obis<br />
principis CaTvliT.<br />
muxli 6 – informacia<br />
mxareebi valdebulebas iReben ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveloba gauwion, rom Sesabamisi<br />
xelisuflebis org<strong>an</strong>oebi, org<strong>an</strong>izaciebi <strong>da</strong> pirebi informirebulni iyvnen am<br />
qartiiT <strong>da</strong>dgenili uflebebisa <strong>da</strong> movaleobebis Sesaxeb.<br />
nawili II<br />
me-2 muxlis 1-li punqtis Sesabamisad g<strong>an</strong>saxorcielebeli miznebi <strong>da</strong><br />
principebi<br />
muxli 7 - miznebi <strong>da</strong> principebi<br />
1. <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> mimarT, im teritoriebze, romlebze<strong>da</strong>c<br />
aseT enebs iyeneben <strong>da</strong> TiToeuli enis mdgomareobis Sesabamisad, mxareebi<br />
Tavi<strong>an</strong>Tpolitikas, k<strong>an</strong>onmdeblobasa <strong>da</strong> praqtikul saqmi<strong>an</strong>obas aageben Semdeg<br />
miznebsa <strong>da</strong> principebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT:<br />
a) <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> aRiareba kulturuli simdidris<br />
gamoxatulebad;<br />
b) TiToeuli <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enis geografiuli arealis<br />
pativiscema imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom arsebuli <strong>an</strong> axali administraciuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>yofa <strong>da</strong>brkolebas ar warmoadgendes Sesabamisi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
umciresobis enis xelSewyobisaTvis;<br />
g) <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> xelSesawyobad ga<strong>da</strong>mWreli moqmedebis<br />
aucileblobis aRiareba, maTi <strong>da</strong>cvis mizniT;<br />
d) zepiri <strong>da</strong> werilobiTi formiT, sajarod <strong>da</strong> pirad cxovrebaSi <strong>regionaluri</strong><br />
<strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> xelSewyoba <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> waxaliseba;<br />
e) qartiiT mocul sferoebSi regionul <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparake<br />
jgufebsa <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifoSi imave <strong>an</strong> msgavs enaze molaparake jgufebs Soris<br />
kavSiris SenarCuneba <strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>viTareba, iseve, rogorc kulturuli<br />
urTierTobebis <strong>da</strong>myareba saxelmwifoSi sxva jgufebT<strong>an</strong>, romlebic iyeneben<br />
g<strong>an</strong>sxvavebul enebs;<br />
v) Sesabamisi formebisa <strong>da</strong> saSualebebis uzrunvelyofa yvela Sesabamis<br />
safexurze <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> swavlebisa <strong>da</strong> SeswavlisaTvis;<br />
z) <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enis Sesaswavlad pirobebis Seqmna im raionSi<br />
mocxovrebi pirebisaTvis, sa<strong>da</strong>c gamoiyeneba Sesabamisi ena, Tuki Sesabamisi<br />
pirebi ver saubroben am enaze <strong>da</strong> aqvT misi Seswavlis survili;<br />
T) universitetebsa <strong>an</strong> <strong>an</strong>alogiur institutebSi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
<strong>enebis</strong> Seswavlisa <strong>da</strong> gamokvlevis xelSewyoba;<br />
i) am qartiiT mocul sferoebSi tr<strong>an</strong>snacionaluri gacvlebis Sesabamisi<br />
formebis xelSewyoba, im <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> xelSesawyobad,<br />
romlebic identuri <strong>an</strong> msgavsi formiT gamoiyenebi<strong>an</strong> or <strong>an</strong> met saxelmwifoSi.<br />
2. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben aRkveTon, Tu jer ar aRukveTavT, regionalur<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> mimarT nebismieri gaumarTlebeli gamorCeva,<br />
49
gamoricxva, SezRudva <strong>an</strong> upiratesobis miniWeba, romelic miznad isaxavs am<br />
<strong>enebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>viTarebisaTvis xelis SeSlas <strong>an</strong> safrTxeSi Cagdebas.<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> sasargeblod specialuri zomebis miReba,<br />
romlebic miznad isaxaven am enebze molaparakeTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>narCen mosaxleobas<br />
Soris T<strong>an</strong>asworobis xelSewyobas <strong>an</strong> romlebic saT<strong>an</strong>adod iReben<br />
mxedvelobaSi am <strong>enebis</strong> g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebul pirobebs, ar CaiTvleba diskriminaciis<br />
aqtad ufro gavrcelebul enebze molaparakeTa mimarT.<br />
3. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben Sesabamisi RonisZiebebiT xeli Seuwyon<br />
urTierTgagebas qveynis yvela lingvistur jgufs Soris <strong>da</strong> kerZod, Tavi<strong>an</strong>T<br />
qveynebSi uzrunvelyofili g<strong>an</strong>aTlebisa <strong>da</strong> profesiuli momzadebis miznebs<br />
Soris CarTon <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> mimarT pativiscema, gageba<br />
<strong>da</strong> toler<strong>an</strong>tuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba <strong>da</strong> aseve waaxalison masmedia imave miznebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxvisaTvis.<br />
4. <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> mimarT erovnuli politikis<br />
g<strong>an</strong>sazRvrisas, mxareebi mxedvelobaSi miiReben am enebze molaparake jgufebis<br />
saWiroebebsa <strong>da</strong> maT mier gamoTqmul survilebs. waxalisdeba maT mier,<br />
aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, iseTi org<strong>an</strong>oebis Seqmna, romlebic, xelisuflebis<br />
org<strong>an</strong>oebs rCevebs miscemen regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebT<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul<br />
yvela sakiTxze.<br />
5. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben arateritoriuli <strong>enebis</strong> mimarT mutatis<br />
mut<strong>an</strong>dis gamoiyenon, zemo 1 - 4 punqtebSi mocemuli principebi. amasT<strong>an</strong>, am<br />
enebT<strong>an</strong> mimarTebaSi, winamdebare qartiis asamoqmedeblad misaRebi zomebis<br />
xasiaTi <strong>da</strong> masStabi g<strong>an</strong>isazRvreba moqnili wesiT, aRniSnul enebze molaparake<br />
jgufebis saWiroebebisa <strong>da</strong> survilebis gaTvaliswinebiTa <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />
tradiciebisa <strong>da</strong> specifikuri Taviseburebebis pativiscemiT.<br />
nawili III<br />
me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtiT aRebuli valdebulebebis Sesabamisad <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> xelSewyobis zomebi<br />
muxli 8 – g<strong>an</strong>aTleba<br />
1. g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis sferoSi mxareebi valdebulebas iReben im teritoriebze, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
aseTi enebi gamoiyeneba, am enaTag<strong>an</strong> TiToeulis mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo enis (<strong>enebis</strong>) swavlebisaTvis zi<strong>an</strong>is miy<strong>enebis</strong> gareSe:<br />
a)<br />
i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon skolamdeli g<strong>an</strong>aTleba Sesabamis regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze;<br />
ii. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon skolamdeli g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis arsebiTi nawili Sesabamis<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze; <strong>an</strong><br />
iii. gamoiyenon zemo i <strong>da</strong> ii qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi im<br />
moswavleTa mimarT mainc, romelTa ojaxebic iTxoven amas <strong>da</strong> romelTa<br />
raodenobac sakmarisad CaiTvleba; <strong>an</strong><br />
iv. Tu saxelmwifo xelisuflebis org<strong>an</strong>oebs ara aqvT pir<strong>da</strong>piri kompetencia<br />
skolamdeli g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis sferoSi, xeli Seuwyon <strong>da</strong> waaxalison i-<strong>da</strong>n iii-mde<br />
qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebis gamoyeneba;<br />
b)<br />
50
i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi g<strong>an</strong>aTleba Sesabamis regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze;<br />
ii. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis arsebiTi nawili Sesabamis<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze; <strong>an</strong><br />
iii. uzrunvelyon Sesabamisi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enis <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi<br />
g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis programaSi CarTva mecadineobaTa g<strong>an</strong>rigis Semadgenel nawilad; <strong>an</strong><br />
iv. gamoiyenon i-<strong>da</strong>n iii-mde qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi<strong>da</strong>n erTerTi<br />
im moswavleTa mimarT mainc, romelTa ojaxebic iTxoven amas <strong>da</strong> romelTa<br />
raodenobac sakmarisad CaiTvleba;<br />
g)<br />
i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon saSualo g<strong>an</strong>aTleba Sesabamis regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze;<br />
ii. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon saSualo g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis arsebiTi nawili Sesabamis<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze; <strong>an</strong><br />
iii. uzrunvelyon Sesabamisi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enis saSualo<br />
g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis programaSi CarTva mecadineobaTa g<strong>an</strong>rigis Semadgenel nawilad; <strong>an</strong><br />
iv. gamoiyenon zemo i-<strong>da</strong>n iii-mde qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
erT-erTi im moswavleTa mimarT mainc, romlebic, <strong>an</strong> saT<strong>an</strong>ado SemTxvevebSi,<br />
romelTa ojaxebic iTxoven amas <strong>da</strong> romelTa raodenobac sakmarisad<br />
CaiTvleba.<br />
d)<br />
i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon teqnikuri <strong>da</strong> profesiuli g<strong>an</strong>aTleba Sesabamis<br />
regonalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze; <strong>an</strong><br />
ii. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon teqnikuri <strong>da</strong> profesiuli g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis arsebiTi<br />
nawili Sesabamis regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze; <strong>an</strong><br />
iii. teqnikuri <strong>da</strong> profesiuli g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis sferoSi uzrunvelyon, rom Sesabamisi<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> swavleba iyos mecadineobaTa g<strong>an</strong>rigis<br />
Semadgeneli nawili; <strong>an</strong><br />
iv. gamoiyenon zemo i-<strong>da</strong>n iii-mde qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
erT-erTi im moswavleTa mimarT mainc, romlebic, <strong>an</strong> saT<strong>an</strong>ado SemTxvevebSi,<br />
romelTa ojaxebic iTxoven amas <strong>da</strong> romelTa raodenobac sakmarisad<br />
CaiTvleba.<br />
e)<br />
i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon sauniversiteto <strong>da</strong> sxva saxis umaRlesi g<strong>an</strong>aTleba<br />
Sesabamis regionalur Tu <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze; <strong>an</strong><br />
ii. uzrunvelyon saSualebebi am <strong>enebis</strong> Sesaswavlad universitetis <strong>an</strong> umaRlesi<br />
g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis erT-erTi sagnis formiT;<br />
iii. Tuki umaRlesi g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis institutebis mimarT saxelmwifos rolis<br />
mizeziT ver moxerxdeba i <strong>da</strong> ii qve-punqtebis g<strong>an</strong>xorcieleba, waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong><br />
neba <strong>da</strong>rTon regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze sauniversiteto <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />
formis umaRlesi g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis miRebis <strong>an</strong> am <strong>enebis</strong> sauniversiteto <strong>an</strong> umaRlesi<br />
g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis sagnebad swavlebis SesaZlebobebis uzrunvelyofas;<br />
v)<br />
i. miiRon zomebi mozrdilTaTvis <strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis gagrZelebisaTvis kursebis<br />
Casatareblad, romlebSic swavleba mTli<strong>an</strong>ad <strong>an</strong> nawilobriv g<strong>an</strong>xorcieldeba<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze;<br />
ii. uzrunvelyon, rom aseTi enebi iyos mozrdilTa <strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>grZobiTi g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis<br />
sagnebi, <strong>an</strong>;<br />
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iii. Tu xelisuflebis org<strong>an</strong>oebs pir<strong>da</strong>piri kompetencia ara aqvT mozrdilTa<br />
g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis sferoSi, xeli Seuwyon <strong>da</strong> waaxalison, rom aseTi enebi<br />
warmoadgendnen mozrdilTa <strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>grZobiTi g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis disciplinebs.<br />
z) miiRon zomebi, rom uzrunvelyofili iqnas im istoriisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis<br />
swavleba, romelic asaxulia regionalur <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enaSi;<br />
T) uzrunvelyon maswavlebelTa ZiriTadi <strong>da</strong> Semdgomi profesiuli momzadeba,<br />
rac moiTxoveba im punqtebis g<strong>an</strong>saxorcieleblad, romlebic miRebulni ari<strong>an</strong><br />
mxaris mier a-<strong>da</strong>n g-mde punqtebs Soris.<br />
i) Seqmn<strong>an</strong> saze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelo org<strong>an</strong>o <strong>an</strong> org<strong>an</strong>oebi, romlebic pasuxismgebelni<br />
iqnebi<strong>an</strong> <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> swavlebis SemoRebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
g<strong>an</strong>viTarebis sferoSi moRweuli progresis monitoringze <strong>da</strong> maT mier<br />
mokvleuli Sedegebis Sesaxeb peroduli moxsenebebis Sedgenaze, romlebic<br />
SemdgomSi sajarod gamoqveyndebi<strong>an</strong>.<br />
2. rac Seexeba g<strong>an</strong>aTlebas im teritoriebze, sa<strong>da</strong>c tradiciulad ar<br />
gamoiyenebi<strong>an</strong> <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi, mxareebi valdebulebas<br />
iReben neba <strong>da</strong>rTon, waaxalison <strong>an</strong> uzrunvelyon regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
enebze <strong>an</strong> am <strong>enebis</strong> swavleba g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis yvela Sesabamis safexurze, Tu<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enaze molaparakeTa raodenoba amas amarTlebs.<br />
muxli 9 - sasamarTlo org<strong>an</strong>oebi<br />
1. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, im sasamarTlo olqebis mimarT, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
mcxovrebTa raodenoba, romlebic iyeneben regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebs,<br />
amarTlebs qvemoT g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli zomebis miRebas am enaTag<strong>an</strong> TiToeulis<br />
mdgomareobis Sesabamisad <strong>da</strong> im pirobiT, rom winamdebare punqtiT<br />
uzrunvelyofili SeRavaTebi mosamarTlis mier ar un<strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>ixilebodes<br />
iseTebad, romlebic abrkoleben marTlmsajulebis saT<strong>an</strong>adod g<strong>an</strong>xorcielebas:<br />
a) sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi:<br />
i. uzrunvelyon, rom sasamarTloebi erT-erTi mxaris TxovniT axorcielebdnen<br />
samarTalwarmoebas regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze; <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong><br />
ii. braldebulisaTvis uzrunvelyon misi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enis<br />
gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> ufleba; <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong><br />
iii. uzrunvelyon, rom werilobiTi Tu zepiri Txovnebi <strong>da</strong> mtkicebulebebi ar<br />
g<strong>an</strong>ixilebodnen miuReblad mxolod im safuZvelze, rom isini<br />
formulirebulni ari<strong>an</strong> regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enaze; <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong><br />
iv. Txovnis safuZvelze awarmoon samarTalwarmoebasT<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
dokumentebi Sesabamis regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze, aucileblobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, Tarjim<strong>an</strong>Ta <strong>da</strong> mTargmnelTa gamoyenebiT Sesabamis pirebze<br />
zedmeti xarjebis <strong>da</strong>kisrebis gareSe;<br />
b) samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebaSi:<br />
i. uzrunvelyon, rom sasamarTloebi erT-erTi mxaris TxovniT axorcielebdnen<br />
samarTalwarmoebas regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze; <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong><br />
ii. neba <strong>da</strong>rTon, rom samarTalwarmoebis monawilis sasamarTloSi pira<strong>da</strong>d<br />
gamocxadebisas, mas SeeZlos misi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enis gamoyeneba<br />
misTvis <strong>da</strong>matebiTi xarjebis <strong>da</strong>kisrebis gareSe; <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong><br />
iii. neba <strong>da</strong>rTon, rom moxdes dokumentebisa <strong>da</strong> mtkicebulebebis warmoeba<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi Tarjim<strong>an</strong>Ta<br />
<strong>da</strong> mTargmnelTa gamoyenebiT;<br />
g) administraciul sakiTxebze samarTalwarmoebaSi:<br />
52
i. uzrunvelyon, rom sasamarTloebma erT-erTi mxaris TxovniT g<strong>an</strong>axorcielon<br />
samarTalwarmoeba regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze; <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong><br />
ii. neba <strong>da</strong>rTon, rom samarTalwarmoebis monawilis sasamarTloSi pira<strong>da</strong>d<br />
gamocxadebisas mas SeeZlos misi <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enis gamoyeneba<br />
misTvis <strong>da</strong>matebiTi xarjebis <strong>da</strong>kisrebis gareSe; <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong><br />
iii. neba <strong>da</strong>rTon, rom moxdes dokumentebisa <strong>da</strong> mtkicebulebebis warmoeba<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, Tarjim<strong>an</strong>Ta<br />
<strong>da</strong> mTargmnelTa gamoyenebiT;<br />
d) ga<strong>da</strong>dg<strong>an</strong> nabijebi, raTa uzrunvelyon, rom zemo a <strong>da</strong> b punqtebis i <strong>da</strong> iii<br />
qvepunqtebisa <strong>da</strong> Tarjim<strong>an</strong>Ta <strong>da</strong> mTargmnelTa nebismier aucilebel gamoyenebas<br />
Sedegad ar mohyves <strong>da</strong>matebiTi xarjebis <strong>da</strong>kisreba Sesabamis pirebze.<br />
2. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben:<br />
a) ar uaryon saxelmwifoSi momzadebul sasamarTlo dokumentTa iuridiuli<br />
Zala mxolod imis gamo, rom, isini Sedgenilni ari<strong>an</strong> regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
umciresobis enaze; <strong>an</strong><br />
b) mxareebma Tavi<strong>an</strong>T Soris urTierTobebSi ar uaryon momzadebul sasamarTlo<br />
dokumentTa iuridiuli Zala mxolod imis gamo, rom isini Sedgenilni ari<strong>an</strong><br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enaze <strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyon, rom maTi gamoyeneba<br />
SesaZlebeli iyos mesame mxareTa winaaRmdeg, romlebic ar iyeneben am enebs, im<br />
pirobiT, rom dokumentebis Sinaarsi un<strong>da</strong> gaecnoT maT im pirebis mier,<br />
romlebic moixmoben am dokuments; <strong>an</strong><br />
g) mxareebma Tavi<strong>an</strong>T Soris urTierTobebSi ar uaryon qvey<strong>an</strong>aSi momzadebul<br />
sasamarTlo dokumentTa iuridiuli Zala, mxolod im safuZvelze, rom isini<br />
Sedgenilni ari<strong>an</strong> regionalur <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enaze.<br />
3. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben xelmisawvdomi gaxadon regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze yvelaze mniSvnelov<strong>an</strong>i erovnuli sak<strong>an</strong>onmdeblo teqstebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> kerZod, isini, romlebic exebi<strong>an</strong> am enebze molaparakeebs, Tuki am teqstebis<br />
mier sxva ram ar aris <strong>da</strong>dgenili.<br />
muxli 10 - xelisuflebis administraciuli org<strong>an</strong>oebi <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo<br />
samsaxurebi<br />
1. saxelmwifos im administraciul raionebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c cxovrobs <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
umciresobebis enebze molaparake mosaxleobis iseTi sakmarisi raodenoba,<br />
romelic amarTlebs qvemoT g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli zomebis miRebas, <strong>da</strong> TiToeuli enis<br />
mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, im zomiT, riTac<br />
es obieqturad SesaZlebeli iqneba:<br />
a)<br />
i. uzrunvelyon, rom xelisuflebis administraciulma erTeulebma gamoiyenon<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobebis enebi; <strong>an</strong><br />
ii. uzrunvelyon, rom am org<strong>an</strong>oTa moxeleebma, romlebic kontaqtSi Sedi<strong>an</strong><br />
sazogadoebasT<strong>an</strong>, gamoiyenon <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi im pirebT<strong>an</strong><br />
urTierTobebSi, romlebic mimarTaven maT am enebze; <strong>an</strong><br />
iii. uzrunvelyon, rom regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparakeebs<br />
SeZloT werilobiTi <strong>an</strong> zepiri mimarTvebis wardgena <strong>da</strong> am enebze Sedgenili<br />
pasuxebis miReba;<br />
iv. uzrunvelyon, rom regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparakeebs<br />
SeeZloT am enebze Sedgenili werilobiTi <strong>an</strong> zepiri mimarTvebis wardgena; <strong>an</strong><br />
v. uzrunvelyon, rom regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparakeebs<br />
SeeZloT am enebze Sedgenili dokumentis wardgena <strong>da</strong>dgenili wesiT;<br />
53
) xelmisawvdomi gaxadon farTod gamoyenebuli administraciuli teqstebi <strong>da</strong><br />
formebi regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze <strong>an</strong> orenov<strong>an</strong>i versiebiT;<br />
g) neba <strong>da</strong>rTon xelisuflebis administraciul org<strong>an</strong>oebs Seadginon<br />
dokumentebi regionalur <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enaze.<br />
2. xelisuflebis im adgilobriv <strong>da</strong> regionalur org<strong>an</strong>oTa mimarT, romelTa<br />
teritoriazec mosaxleobis regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparakeTa<br />
raodenoba iseTia, rom amarTlebs qvemoT g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli zomebis miRebas,<br />
mxareebi valdebulebas iReben neba <strong>da</strong>rTon <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> waaxalison:<br />
a) regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoyeneba xelisuflebis <strong>regionaluri</strong><br />
<strong>an</strong> adgilobrivi org<strong>an</strong>oebis saqmi<strong>an</strong>obis farglebSi;<br />
b) regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparakeTa SesaZlebloba<br />
waradginon am enebze Sedgenili zepiri <strong>an</strong> werilobiTi mimarTvebi;<br />
g) xelisuflebis <strong>regionaluri</strong> org<strong>an</strong>oebis mier maTi oficialuri<br />
dokumentebis gamoqveyneba Sesabamis regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebzec;<br />
d) xelisuflebis adgilobrivi org<strong>an</strong>oebis mier maTi oficialuri<br />
dokumentebis gamoqveyneba Sesabamis regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebzec;<br />
e) xelisuflebis <strong>regionaluri</strong> org<strong>an</strong>oebis mier maT Sekrebebze gamarTuli<br />
g<strong>an</strong>xilvebisas <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoyeneba, amasT<strong>an</strong>,<br />
saxelmwifos oficialuri enis (<strong>enebis</strong>) gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> gamoricxvis gareSe;<br />
v) xelisuflebis adgilobrivi org<strong>an</strong>oebis mier maT Sekrebebze gamarTuli<br />
g<strong>an</strong>xilvebisas <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoyeneba, amasT<strong>an</strong>,<br />
saxelmwifos oficialuri enis (<strong>enebis</strong>) gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> gamoricxvis gareSe;<br />
z) aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, oficialur enaze (enebze) saxelebT<strong>an</strong> erTad<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze adgilebis saxelwodebaTa tradiciuli <strong>da</strong><br />
swori formebis gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> miReba.<br />
3. xelisuflebis administraciuli org<strong>an</strong>oebis <strong>an</strong> maTi saxeliT moqmedi<br />
pirebis mier uzrunvelyofili saxelmwifo samsaxurebis mimarT, mxareebi<br />
valdebulebas iReben, maTi teritoriis farglebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c gamoiyenebi<strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi, TiToeuli enis mdgomareobis Sesabamisad<br />
<strong>da</strong> im zomiT, riTac es obieqturad SesaZlebeli iqneba:<br />
a) uzrunvelyon <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoyeneba samsaxuris<br />
uzrunvelyofisas; <strong>an</strong><br />
b) neba <strong>da</strong>rTon regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparakeebs waradginon<br />
Txovna <strong>da</strong> miiRon pasuxi am enebze; <strong>an</strong><br />
g) neba <strong>da</strong>rTon regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparakeebs waradginon<br />
am enebze Sedgenili Txovna.<br />
4. 1-li, me-2 <strong>da</strong> me-3 punqtebi<strong>da</strong>n maT mier miRebuli debulebebis<br />
asamoqmedeblad mxareebi valdebulebas iReben miiRon Semdegi erTi <strong>an</strong> meti<br />
zoma:<br />
a) ga<strong>da</strong>Targmna <strong>an</strong> Tarjimnoba, rodesac es moiTxoveba;<br />
b) saT<strong>an</strong>ado moxeleTa <strong>da</strong>saqmeba saxelmwifo samsaxurSi <strong>da</strong> aucileblobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, maTi <strong>da</strong> sxva saxelmwifo moxeleTa profesiuli momzadeba;<br />
g) <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enis mcodne saxelmwifo samsaxuris moxeleTa<br />
Txovnebis maqsimalurad <strong>da</strong>kmayofileba maTi im teritoriaze <strong>da</strong>niSvnasT<strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, sa<strong>da</strong>c gamoiyeneba Sesabamisi ena.<br />
5. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben neba <strong>da</strong>rTon gvarebis gamoyenebasa <strong>da</strong> miRebas<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze, Sesabamisi pirebis Txovnis safuZvelze.<br />
muxli 11 – masmedia<br />
1. mxarebi valdebulebas iReben regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze<br />
molaparakeebisaTvis, im teritoriebze, sa<strong>da</strong>c gamoiyeneba es enebi, TiToeuli<br />
54
enis mdgomareobis Sesabamisad <strong>da</strong> im zomiT, riTac xelisuflebis org<strong>an</strong>oebi<br />
pir<strong>da</strong>pir <strong>an</strong> arapir<strong>da</strong>pir kompetenturni ari<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong> aqvT am sferoSi rolis<br />
Sesrulebis uflebamosileba, masmediis <strong>da</strong>moukideblobisa <strong>da</strong> avtonomiis<br />
principis pativiscemiT:<br />
a) im zomiT, riTac radio <strong>da</strong> televizia axorcieleben saxelmwifo samsaxuris<br />
funqciebs:<br />
i. uzrunvelyon Tun<strong>da</strong>c erTi radio sadgurisa <strong>da</strong> satelevizio arxis Seqmna<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze; <strong>an</strong><br />
ii. waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> xeli Seuwyon Tun<strong>da</strong>c erTi radio sadgurisa <strong>da</strong> erTi<br />
satelevizio arxis Seqmnas regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze; <strong>an</strong><br />
iii. saT<strong>an</strong>adod uzrunvelyon, rom tele-radio mauwyeblobam warmoadginos<br />
programebi regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze;<br />
b)<br />
i. waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> xeli Seuwyon Tun<strong>da</strong>c erTi radio sadgurisa <strong>da</strong> erTi<br />
satelevizio arxis Seqmnas regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze; <strong>an</strong><br />
ii. waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> xeli Seuwyon radio programebis mauwyeblobas<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze regularul safuZvelze;<br />
g)<br />
i. waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> xeli Seuwyon Tun<strong>da</strong>c erTi sarelevizio arxis Seqmnas<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze;<br />
ii. waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> xeli Seuwyon satelevizio programebis mauwyeblobas<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze regularul safuZvelze;<br />
d) waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> xeli Seuwyon regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze audio<br />
<strong>da</strong>audiovizualuri naSromebis warmoebas <strong>da</strong> distribucias;<br />
e)<br />
i. waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> xeli Seuwyon regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze Tun<strong>da</strong>c<br />
erTi gazeTis Seqmnas <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> SenarCunebas; <strong>an</strong><br />
ii. waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> xeli Seuwyon sagazeTo statiebis gamoqveynebas<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze regularul safuZvelze;<br />
v)<br />
i. <strong>da</strong>faron im masmediis <strong>da</strong>matebiTi xarjebi, romlebic iyeneben regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebs, rodesac k<strong>an</strong>oniT zoga<strong>da</strong>d uzrunvelyofilia masmediis<br />
fin<strong>an</strong>suri <strong>da</strong>xmareba; <strong>an</strong><br />
ii. gamoiyenon fin<strong>an</strong>suri <strong>da</strong>xmarebis arsebuli zomebi regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze Seqmnili audiovizualuri nawarmoebebis mimarTac.<br />
z) mxari <strong>da</strong>uWiron im JurnalistTa <strong>da</strong> masmediis sxva moxeleTa profesiul<br />
momzadebas, romlebic iyeneben regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebs.<br />
2. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben uzrunvelyon mezobeli qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n im enaze<br />
radio <strong>da</strong> telemauwyeblobis pir<strong>da</strong>piri miRebis Tavisufleba, romelic<br />
gamoiyeneba <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enis identuri <strong>an</strong> msgavsi formiT <strong>da</strong><br />
ar <strong>da</strong>abrkolon radio <strong>da</strong> satelevizio mauwyeblobis gadmocema mezobeli<br />
qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n aseT enaze. amas gar<strong>da</strong>, isini valdebulebas iReben uzrunvelyon,<br />
rom SezRudvebi ar iqnas <strong>da</strong>wesebuli gamoxatvis Tavisuflebaze <strong>da</strong> beWdviTi<br />
presis meSveobiT informaciis Tavisufal cirkulaciaze im enaze, romelic<br />
gamoiyeneba <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enis identuri am msgavsi formiT.<br />
Zemoxsenebuli Tavisuflebebis g<strong>an</strong>xorcieleba, imis gamo, rom igi Seicavs<br />
movaleobebsa <strong>da</strong> pasuxismgeblobas, SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>eqvemdebaros iseT<br />
formalobebs, pirobebs, SezRudvebs <strong>an</strong> s<strong>an</strong>qciebs, romlebic<br />
gaTvaliswinebulni ari<strong>an</strong> k<strong>an</strong>oniT <strong>da</strong> aucilebelni ari<strong>an</strong> demokratiul<br />
sazogadoebaSi erovnuli uSiSroebis, teritoriuli mTli<strong>an</strong>obis <strong>an</strong><br />
sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis interesebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare uwesrigobis <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>naSaulis prevenciisaTvis, j<strong>an</strong>mrTelobisa <strong>da</strong> moralis <strong>da</strong> sxvaTa<br />
55
uflebebisa <strong>da</strong> reputaciis <strong>da</strong>cvisaTvis, konfidencialurad miRebuli<br />
informciis gamJRavnebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad, <strong>an</strong> sasamarTlos<br />
xelisuflebisa <strong>da</strong> miukerZoeblobis Ses<strong>an</strong>arCuneblad.<br />
3. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben uzrunvelyon, rom regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze molaparakeTa interesebi warmodgenilni iqn<strong>an</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
mxedvelobaSi iqn<strong>an</strong> miRebulni im<br />
org<strong>an</strong>oebis mier, romlebic SeiZleba Seiqmn<strong>an</strong> k<strong>an</strong>onis Sesabamisad masmediis<br />
Tavisuflebisa <strong>da</strong> pluralizmis uzrunvelsayofad.<br />
muxli 12 - kulturuli saqmi<strong>an</strong>oba <strong>da</strong> saSualebebi<br />
1. kulturuli saqmi<strong>an</strong>obisa <strong>da</strong> obieqtebis, g<strong>an</strong>sakuTrebiT, biblioTekebis,<br />
videoTekebis, kulturuli centrebis, muzeumebis, arqivebis, akademiebis,<br />
Teatrebisa <strong>da</strong> kinoTeatrebis, iseve rogorc literaturuli nawarmoebebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
kinomatografiuli produqciis, xalxuri Semoqmedebis, festivalebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
kulturis <strong>da</strong>rgebis mimarT, romlebic, inter alia, moicaven axali<br />
teqnologiebis gamoyenebas, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, rom im<br />
teritoriebze sa<strong>da</strong>c gamoiyenebi<strong>an</strong> aseTi enebi <strong>da</strong> im zomiT, riTac saxelmwifo<br />
xelisuflebis org<strong>an</strong>oebikompetenturni ari<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong> aqvT uflebamosileba <strong>an</strong><br />
asruleben rols am sferoSi:<br />
a) waaxalison <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli<br />
TviTgamoxatvis saSualebebi <strong>da</strong> iniciativebi <strong>da</strong> mxari <strong>da</strong>uWiron am enebze<br />
Seqmnili nawarmoebebisadmi xelmisawvdomebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saSualebebs;<br />
b) waaxalison regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze Seqmnili naSromebisadmi<br />
xelmisawvdomoba sxva enebSi saTargm<strong>an</strong>o, dublirebis, post-sinqronizaciisa <strong>da</strong><br />
subtitrirebis saqmi<strong>an</strong>obisaTvis <strong>da</strong>xmarebis gawevis gziT;<br />
g) waaxalison sxva enebze Seqmnili nawarmoebebisadmi xelmisawvdomoba<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze mTargmnelobiTi, dublirebis, postsinqronizaciisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> subtitrirebis saqmi<strong>an</strong>obisaTvis <strong>da</strong>xmarebis gawevis gziT;<br />
d) uzrunvelyon, rom sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis kulturuli saqmi<strong>an</strong>obis org<strong>an</strong>izaciisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mxar<strong>da</strong>WerisaTvis pasuxismgebelma org<strong>an</strong>oebma <strong>da</strong>aweson Sesabamisi<br />
<strong>an</strong>azRaureba <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> kulturis codnisa <strong>da</strong><br />
gamoy<strong>enebis</strong>aTvis im RonisZiebebSi, romlebsac isini wamoiwyeben <strong>an</strong><br />
romlebisTvisac isini uzrunvelyofen mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras;<br />
e) xeli Seuwyon im zomebs, romlebic miznad isaxaven rom, kulturuli<br />
saqmi<strong>an</strong>obis org<strong>an</strong>izaciisa <strong>da</strong> mxar<strong>da</strong>WerisaTvis pasuxismgebel org<strong>an</strong>oebs<br />
hyavdeT iseTi personali, romelic srulad flobs Sesabamis regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
umciresobis enas, iseve rogorc, mosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>narCeni nawilis enas (enebs);<br />
v) waaxalison <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> umcireobis enaze molaparakeTa warmomadgenlis<br />
monawileoba kulturuli saqmi<strong>an</strong>obisaTvis saSualebebis uzrunvelyofaSi <strong>da</strong><br />
maT <strong>da</strong>gegmvaSi;<br />
z) waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> mxari <strong>da</strong>uWiron iseTi org<strong>an</strong>os <strong>an</strong> org<strong>an</strong>oebis Seqmnas,<br />
romlebic pasuxismgebelni iqnebi<strong>an</strong> regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze<br />
Seqmnili nawarmoebebis Sekrebaze, aslis Senaxvasa <strong>da</strong> warmodgenaze <strong>an</strong><br />
gamoqveynebaze;<br />
T) aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, Seqmn<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> xeli Seuwyon <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>afin<strong>an</strong>son<br />
mTargmnelobiTi <strong>da</strong> terminologiis kvleviTi samsaxurebi, kerZod im mizniT,<br />
rom SenarCunebuli iqnas <strong>da</strong> g<strong>an</strong>viTardes Sesabamisi administraciuli,<br />
komerciuli, ekonomikuri, socialuri, teqnikuri <strong>an</strong> samarTlebrivi<br />
terminologia TiToeul regionalur <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enaSi.<br />
2. im teritoriebis mimarT, imaT gar<strong>da</strong>, sa<strong>da</strong>c tradiciulad gamoiyenebi<strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebi, Tuki regionalur <strong>an</strong> umciresobis enaze<br />
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molaparakeTa raodenoba amas amarTlebs, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben neba<br />
<strong>da</strong>rTon, waaxalison <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> uzrunvelyon Sesabamisi kulturuli saqmi<strong>an</strong>oba <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualebebi wina punqtis Sesabamisad.<br />
3. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben kulturis sferoSi maTi politikis<br />
sazRvargareT g<strong>an</strong>xorcielebisas, saT<strong>an</strong>do yuradReba miaqcion regionalur <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebs <strong>da</strong> im kulturas, romlis gamoxatulebac isini ari<strong>an</strong>.<br />
muxli 13 - ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> socialuri cxovreba<br />
1. ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> socialuri saqmi<strong>an</strong>obis mimarT, mxareebi valdebulebas<br />
iReben, mTeli qveynis masStabiT:<br />
a) aRmofxvr<strong>an</strong> maTi k<strong>an</strong>onmdeblobi<strong>da</strong>n nebismieri debuleba, romelic<br />
gasamarTlebeli mizezebis gareSe krZalavs <strong>an</strong> zRu<strong>da</strong>vs <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoyenebas dokumentebSi, romlebic exebi<strong>an</strong> ekonomikur <strong>an</strong><br />
socialur cxovrebas, kerZod SromiT kontraqtebs, <strong>da</strong> aseve, teqnikur<br />
dokumentebSi, iseTebSi rogoricaa produqtebis <strong>an</strong> aRWurvilobis gamoy<strong>enebis</strong><br />
instruqciebi;<br />
b) akrZalon komp<strong>an</strong>iaTa Si<strong>da</strong> regulaciebsa <strong>da</strong> kerZo dokumentebSi iseTi<br />
debulebebis CarTva, romlebic gamoricxaven <strong>an</strong> zRu<strong>da</strong>ven regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
umciresobebis enaTa gamoyenebas, sul mcire am enaze molaparakeebs Soris;<br />
g) ar <strong>da</strong>uSv<strong>an</strong> iseTi praqtika, romelic miznad isaxavs <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> Seferxebas ekonomikur <strong>an</strong> socialur<br />
saqmi<strong>an</strong>obasT<strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT;<br />
d) xeli Seuwyon <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong> waaxalison <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong><br />
gamoyeneba sxva saSualebebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulni ar ari<strong>an</strong> zemo qvepunqtebiT.<br />
2. ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> socialuri saqmi<strong>an</strong>obis mimarT, mxareebi valdebulebas<br />
iReben, im zomiT, riTac saxelmwifo xelisuflebis org<strong>an</strong>oebi kompetenturni<br />
ari<strong>an</strong>, im teritoriebze, sa<strong>da</strong>c gamoiyenebi<strong>an</strong> <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong><br />
enebi <strong>da</strong> imdenad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c es obieqturad miz<strong>an</strong>Sewonilia:<br />
a) CarTon maT safin<strong>an</strong>so <strong>da</strong> sab<strong>an</strong>ko regulaciebSi debulebebi, romlebic<br />
komerciul praqtikasT<strong>an</strong> SesabamisobaSi myofi procedurebis saSualebiT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>rTaven nebas <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoyenebas ga<strong>da</strong>xdis<br />
orderebis (Cekebi, veqselebi) <strong>an</strong> sxva fin<strong>an</strong>suri dokumentebis SedgenaSi, <strong>an</strong><br />
Sesabamis SemTxvevebSi, uzrunvelyon aseTi debulebebis g<strong>an</strong>xorcieleba;<br />
b) maTi kontrolis (saxelmwifo seqtoris) qveS myof ekonomikur <strong>da</strong> socialur<br />
seqtorSi org<strong>an</strong>izeba gauwion iseT saqmi<strong>an</strong>obas, romelic miznad isaxavs<br />
<strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> waxalisebas;<br />
g) uzrunvelyon, rom socialuri sferos obieqtebs, iseTebs rogorebicaa<br />
saavadmyofoebi, moxucebulTa saxlebi, TavSesafrebi, SeeZloT regionalur <strong>an</strong><br />
umciresobis enaze molaparake im pirebis miReba <strong>da</strong> maTT<strong>an</strong> urTierToba amave<br />
enaze, romlebsac esaWiroebaT movla avadmyofobis, asakis <strong>an</strong> sxva mizezebis<br />
gamo;<br />
d) Sesabamisi saSualebebiT uzrunvelyon, rom usafrTxoebis instruqciebi<br />
Sedgenili iyos regionalur <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebzec;<br />
e) uzrunvelyon, rom momxmarebelTa uflebebze saxelmwifos kompetenturi<br />
xelisuflebis org<strong>an</strong>oebis mier mowodebuli informacia xelmisawvdomi iyos<br />
regionalur <strong>da</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> enebze.<br />
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muxli 14 - sazRvarTSorisi gacvlebi<br />
mxareebi valdebulebas iReben:<br />
a) gamoiyenon arsebuli ormxrivi <strong>da</strong> mravalmxrivi SeT<strong>an</strong>xmebebi, romlebic maT<br />
akavSirebT im saxelmwifoebT<strong>an</strong>, sa<strong>da</strong>c igive ena gamoiyeneba identuri <strong>an</strong><br />
msgavsi formiT, <strong>an</strong> aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, ecadon <strong>da</strong>don aseTi<br />
SeT<strong>an</strong>xmebebi, imgvarad, rom waaxalison kontaqtebi erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave enaze<br />
molaparakeTa Soris Sesabamis saxelmwifoebSi kulturis, g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis,<br />
informaciis, profesiuli momzadebisa <strong>da</strong> Seuwyveteli g<strong>an</strong>aTlebis sferoebSi;<br />
b) <strong>regionaluri</strong> <strong>an</strong> <strong>umciresobaTa</strong> <strong>enebis</strong> sasargeblod xeli Seuwyon <strong>da</strong>/<strong>an</strong><br />
waaxalison tr<strong>an</strong>ssasazRvro T<strong>an</strong>amSromloba, kerZod, xelisuflebis<br />
regionalur <strong>an</strong> adgilobriv org<strong>an</strong>oebs Soris, romelTa teritoriebzec erTi<br />
<strong>da</strong> igive ena gamoiyeneba identuri <strong>an</strong> msgavsi formiT.<br />
nawili IV<br />
qartiis gamoyeneba<br />
muxli 15 - perioduli moxsenebebi<br />
1. mxareebi evropis sabWos generalur mdiv<strong>an</strong>s ministrTa komitetis mier<br />
g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli formiT warudgenen moxsenebas am qartiis II nawilis Sesabamisad<br />
maT mier gatarebuli politikis <strong>da</strong> III nawilis maT mier miRebul debulebaTa<br />
Sesabamisad g<strong>an</strong>xorcielebuli zomebis Sesaxeb. pirveli moxs<strong>enebis</strong> wardgena<br />
moxdeba Sesabamisi mxaris mimarT am qartiis ZalaSi Sesvli<strong>da</strong>n erTi wlis<br />
g<strong>an</strong>mavlobaSi, xolo Semdegi moxsenebebis wardgena moxdeba samwli<strong>an</strong>i<br />
intervalebiT pirveli moxs<strong>enebis</strong> Semdeg.<br />
2. mxareebi gamoaqveyneben Tavi<strong>an</strong> moxsenebebs.<br />
muxli 16 - moxsenebebis g<strong>an</strong>xilva<br />
1. evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnisaTvis me-15 muxlis Sesabamisad<br />
wardgenili moxsenebebis Semowmeba moxdeba me-17 muxlis Sesabamisad Seqmnili<br />
eqspertTa komitetis mier.<br />
2. xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoSi k<strong>an</strong>onierad Seqmnil org<strong>an</strong>oebsa <strong>da</strong> asociaciebs<br />
SeuZliaT miapyron eqspertTa komitetis yuradReba im sakiTxebze, romlebic<br />
exebi<strong>an</strong> mxaris mier am qartiis III nawilis Sesabamisad aRebul valdebulebebs.<br />
Sesabamis mxaresT<strong>an</strong> konsultaciebis gamarTvis Semdeg, eqspertTa komitets<br />
SeuZlia mxedvelobaSi miiRos informacia qvemo me-3 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
moxs<strong>enebis</strong> momzadebisas. am org<strong>an</strong>oebs <strong>an</strong> asociaciebs SeuZliaT SemdgomSic<br />
warmoadginon g<strong>an</strong>cxadebebi mxaris mier II Tavis Sesabamisad gatarebuli<br />
politikis Sesaxeb.<br />
3. 1-l punqtSi g<strong>an</strong>sazRvruli moxsenebebisa <strong>da</strong> me-2 punqtSi moxseniebuli<br />
informaciis safuZvelze, eqspertTa komiteti moamzadebs moxsenebas ministrTa<br />
komitetisaTvis warsadgenad.<br />
4. me-3 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli moxseneba, kerZod, Seicavs eqspertTa<br />
komitetis wina<strong>da</strong>debebs ministrTa komitetis mimarT am uk<strong>an</strong>asknelis mier<br />
Sesabamisi erTi <strong>an</strong> meti mxaris mimarT sitauaciiT moTxovnili rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis<br />
momzadebis Taobaze.<br />
5. evropis sabWos generaluri mdiv<strong>an</strong>i yovel or weliwadSi gaakeTebs detalur<br />
moxsenebas saparlamento asambleaze am qartiis gamoy<strong>enebis</strong> Taobaze.<br />
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muxli 17 - eqspertTa komiteti<br />
1. eqspertTa komiteti Sedgeba TiToeuli mxaris TiTo warmomadgenlisag<strong>an</strong>,<br />
romlebsac niSnavs ministrTa komiteti Sesabamisi mxaris mier wardgenili<br />
umaRlesi moraluri Tvisebebisa <strong>da</strong> qartiiT mocul sakiTxebSi aRiarebuli<br />
kompetenciis mqone pirTag<strong>an</strong> Semdgari sii<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
2. komitetis wevrebi iniSnebi<strong>an</strong> eqvsi wlis vadiT <strong>da</strong> SesaZlebeli iqneba maTi<br />
xelaxali <strong>da</strong>niSvna. wevri, romelic ver SeZlebs samsaxuris vadis gasrulebas,<br />
Seicvleba 1-li punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli proceduris Sesabamisad <strong>da</strong><br />
Semcvleli wevri imsaxurebs mis mier Secvlili wevris uflebamosilebis<br />
vadis amowurvamde.<br />
3. eqspertTa komiteti miiRebs Tavis reglaments. misi samdivnoTi momsaxureba<br />
uzrunvelyofili iqneba evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis mier.<br />
nawili V<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvniTi debulebebi<br />
muxli 18<br />
es <strong>qartia</strong> Riaa xelmosawerad evropis sabWos wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis. igi<br />
eqvemdebareba ratificirebas, miRebas <strong>an</strong> <strong>da</strong>mtkicebas. saratifikacio, miRebis <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>mtkicebis sigelebis deponireba xdeba evropis sabWos generalur mdiv<strong>an</strong>T<strong>an</strong>.<br />
muxli 19<br />
1. es <strong>qartia</strong> ZalaSi Sedis im Tvis pirvel dRes, romelic mosdevs samTvi<strong>an</strong>i<br />
vadis amowurvas TariRi<strong>da</strong>n, rodesac evropis sabWos xuTi wevri saxelmwifo<br />
me-18 muxlis debulebebis Sesabamisad gamoTqvams Tavis T<strong>an</strong>xmobas iyos<br />
valdebuli qartiiT.<br />
2. nebismieri sxva wevri saxelmwifos mimarT, romelic SemdgomSi gamoTqvams<br />
Tavis T<strong>an</strong>xmobas iyos valdebuli misiT, <strong>qartia</strong> ZalaSi Sedis im Tvis pirvel<br />
dRes, romelic mosdevs samTvi<strong>an</strong>i vadis amowurvas saratifikacio, miRebis <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>mtkicebis sigelis deponirebis TariRi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
muxli 20<br />
1. am qartiis ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, evropis sabWos ministrTa komitets<br />
SeuZlia miiwvios evropis sabWos arawevri saxelmwifo miuerTdes am <strong>qartia</strong>s.<br />
2. nebismieri mierTebuli saxelmwifos mimarT, <strong>qartia</strong> ZalaSi Sedis im Tvis<br />
pirvel dRes, romelic mosdevs samTvi<strong>an</strong>i vadis amowurvas mierTebis sigelis<br />
evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnisaTvis Cabarebis TariRi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
muxli 21<br />
1. nebismier mxares, xelmoweris <strong>an</strong> misi saratifikacio, miRebis, <strong>da</strong>mtkicebis <strong>an</strong><br />
mierTebis sigelis Ses<strong>an</strong>axad Cabarebisas, SeuZlia gaakeTos erTi <strong>an</strong> meti<br />
<strong>da</strong>Tqma am qartiis me-7 muxlis me-2-<strong>da</strong>n me-5-mde punqtebis mimarT. <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia<br />
sxva <strong>da</strong>Tqmebis gakeTeba.<br />
2. nebismier xelSemkvrel saxelmwifos, romelmac gaakeTa <strong>da</strong>Tqma wina punqtis<br />
Sesabamisad, SeuZlia mTli<strong>an</strong>ad <strong>an</strong> nawilobriv gamoiTxovos igi evropis sabWos<br />
generaluri mdivnis saxelze gakeTebuli Setyobinebis saSualebiT. uk<strong>an</strong><br />
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gamoTxova ZalaSi Sedis generaluri mdinis mier Setyobinebis miRebis<br />
TariRi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
muxli 22<br />
1. nebismier mxares nebismier dros SeuZlia moaxdinos am qartiis denonsacia<br />
evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis saxelze gakeTebuli Setyobinebis<br />
saSualebiT.<br />
2. aseTi denonsacia ZalaSi Sedis im Tvis pirvel dRes, romelic mosdevs<br />
eqvsTvi<strong>an</strong>i vadis amowurvas generaluri mdivnis mier Setyobinebis miRebis<br />
TariRi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
muxli 23<br />
evropis sabWos generaluri mdiv<strong>an</strong>i acnobebs evropis sabWos wevr<br />
saxelmwifoebs <strong>da</strong> nebismier saxelmwifos, romelic miuerTdeba am <strong>qartia</strong>s:<br />
a) nebismieri xelmoweris Sesaxeb;<br />
b) nebismieri saratifikacio, miRebis, <strong>da</strong>mtkicebis <strong>an</strong> mierTebis sigelis<br />
Ses<strong>an</strong>axad Cabarebis Sesaxeb;<br />
g) me-19 <strong>da</strong> me-20 muxlebis Sesabamisad am qartiis ZalaSi Sesvlis nebismieri<br />
TariRis Sesaxeb;<br />
d) me-3 muxlis me-2 punqtis debulebebis gamoy<strong>enebis</strong>as miRebuli nebismieri<br />
Setyobinebis Sesaxeb;<br />
e) nebismieri sxva aqtis, Setyobinebis <strong>an</strong> komunikaciis Sesaxeb, romelic exeba<br />
am <strong>qartia</strong>s. amis <strong>da</strong>sturad, qvemore xelmomwerebma, romlebic saT<strong>an</strong>adod iyvnen<br />
rwmunebulni, xeli moaweres winamdebare <strong>qartia</strong>s. Sesrulebulia strasburgSi<br />
1992 wlis noembris me-5 dRes inglisur <strong>da</strong> fr<strong>an</strong>gul enebze, orive teqsti aris<br />
T<strong>an</strong>abrad auTenturi Sedgenili TiTo egzemplarad, romelic inaxeba evropis<br />
sabWos arqivebSi. evropis sabWos generaluri mdiv<strong>an</strong>i ga<strong>da</strong>scems <strong>da</strong>mowmebul<br />
aslebs evropis sabWos TiToeul wevr saxelmwifos <strong>da</strong> nebismier saxelmwifos,<br />
romelic miwveulia miuerTdes am <strong>qartia</strong>s.<br />
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