ERuTuSan - Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia

Ka n d u n g a n 

Co n t e n t s 

Perutusan Menteri Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi 

Message from the Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation 

Perutusan Ketua Setiausaha 

Message from the Secretary General 

Perutusan Ketua Pengarah 

Message from the Director General 

Wawasan, Misi, Objektif & Piagam Pelanggan 

Vision, Mission, Objectives & Client Charter 

Organisasi & Pengurusan 

Organisation & Management 

Peningkatan Sistem Pencerapan Cuaca & Rangkaian Pemantauan 

Enhancing Weather Observation System & Monitoring Networks 

Perkhidmatan Cuaca, Iklim dan Yang Berkaitan Alam Sekitar 

Weather, Climate and related Environmental Services 

i. Ramalan Cuaca 

Weather Forecasting 

ii. Pembenihan Awan 

Cloud Seeding 

iii. Meteorologi Lautan dan Oseanografi 

Marine Meteorology & Oceanography 

iv. Meteorologi Alam Sekitar 

Environmental Meteorology 

v. Data dan Maklumat Kaji Iklim 

Data and Climatological Information 

vi. Meteorologi Pertanian 

Agrometeorology 

Seismologi dan Tsunami 

Seismology and Tsunami 

Penyelidikan & Pembangunan Teknikal 

Research & Technical Development 

Pembangunan Sumber & Infrastruktur 

Resources & Infrastructure Development 

Kesedaran Awam dan Pameran 

Public Awareness and Exhibition 

Peristiwa Cuaca Ekstrem 

Extreme Weather Events 

Kalendar Peristiwa 

Calendar of Events 

Senarai Pejabat & Stesen Meteorologi 

List of Meteorological Offices & Stations 

2 

4 

6 

10 

14 

18 

30 

30 

42 

43 

44 

46 

47 

50 

58 

64 

74 

80 

86 

92

Saya berbesar hati untuk menyampaikan perutusan 

bagi Laporan Tahunan Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia 

(JMM), iaitu salah satu daripada 28 agensi dan jabatan 

di bawah Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi 

(MOSTI). 

Pada tahun 2008, JMM dan kakitangannya telah 

melaksanakan tugas dengan jayanya dalam memikul 

tanggungjawab yang diamanahkan terutamanya bagi 

memantau dan membekalkan amaran awal cuaca 

buruk, gempa bumi dan bencana tsunami kepada 

negara. Amaran awal ini telah membantu agensi-agensi 

mitigasi dan pengurusan bencana, terutamanya Majlis 

Keselamatan Negara, Polis DiRaja Malaysia, Jabatan 

Pertahanan Awam, Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran, 

Jabatan Alam Sekitar dan agensi lain yang terlibat dalam 

mengurangkan kesan buruk bencana alam seperti banjir, 

laut bergelora, kemarau, jerebu dan bencana alam lain 

kepada masyarakat. 

MOSTI akan terus meningkatkan keupayaan agensiagensinya 

termasuk JMM bagi membekalkan 

perkhidmatan sains yang berkualiti tinggi kepada negara 

dan rakyat. Pada tahun 2008, JMM telah melaksanakan 

37 projek pembangunan di bawah RMK-9, dengan 

peruntukan sebanyak RM27 juta, bagi meningkatkan 

mutu ramalan dan sistem pemantauan gempa bumi. 

Melalui Akademi Sains Malaysia, MOSTI juga telah 

menyiapkan penilaian kebangsaan tentang risiko gempa 

bumi dan tsunami di Malaysia. MOSTI melalui Dana 

Sains telah meluluskan dua projek berkaitan ramalan 

cuaca kepada para penyelidik universiti tempatan yang 

memberi manfaat jangka panjang kepada sumber 

pengetahuan sains yang diperlukan JMM. 

2 

Laporan Tahunan 2008 Annual Annual Report Report 2008 2008 

MEnTERI SaInS, 

TEKnOLOgI dan InOVaSI 

Minister o f sC i e n C e, 

te C h n o l o g y a n d in n o v a t i o n 

pE 

R u T u S a n 

Message 

I am pleased to write a few words for the 2008 Annual 

Report of the Malaysian Meteorological Department 

(MMD), one of the 28 departments and agencies under 

the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation 

(MOSTI). 

The year 2008 has seen the MMD excelling in carrying 

out its duties and responsibilities to monitor and 

provide early warnings on severe weather, earthquakes 

and tsunami hazards that affected the country. These 

early warnings have helped the disaster mitigation 

and management agencies, in particular the National 

Security Council, the Royal Malaysian Police, the National 

Civil Defence Department, the Department of Drainage 

and Irrigation, the Department of Environment and 

other related agencies to reduce the adverse impacts of 

natural disasters such as floods, rough seas, drought, 

haze and other natural hazards to the communities. 

MOSTI will continue to enhance the capabilities of its 

agencies including the MMD to provide high quality 

scientific services to the nation. In 2008, a total of 

37 development projects under the Ninth Malaysia 

Plan were implemented by the MMD, with a budget of 

RM27 million, to improve the weather forecasting and 

earthquake monitoring system of the Department. 

Through the Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM), 

MOSTI also completed a national assessment of the 

earthquake and tsunami risks to Malaysia. MOSTI 

through its Science Fund also awarded two projects 

on weather forecasting to researchers in our local 

universities which in the long term will benefit the 

scientific knowledge required by the MMD.

JMM juga agresif dalam meningkatkan keperluan 

sumber manusia dan keupayaan kakitangannya bagi 

memenuhi permintaan perkhidmatan yang dibekalkan 

Jabatan. Pada tahun 2008, pengambilan 52 pegawai 

baru dilaksanakan. JMM juga telah menghantar lima 

pegawainya bagi melanjutkan pelajaran di peringkat 

MSc dan PhD di institusi tempatan dan luar negara. 

MOSTI melalui dana Pembangunan Modal Insan 

(HCD) akan terus memberi sokongan meningkatkan 

pembangunan modal insan di JMM. Kemahiran dan 

tenaga kerja yang membudayakan sains merupakan 

prasyarat menghasilkan perkhidmatan sains yang 

berkesan. Bagi memastikan MOSTI merealisasikan 

hasratnya menjadi peneraju utama dalam kajian sains 

dan transformasi inovasi, kakitangan MOSTI dan JMM 

perlu menyemai budaya inovatif dan kreatif. 

Perlu diingatkan bahawa kecuaian manusia terhadap 

banjir, kilat dan pelbagai bencana alam yang lain telah 

mengakibatkan kehilangan nyawa setiap tahun. Bagi 

mengatasi masalah ini dan mengurangkan kemusnahan 

harta benda akibat bencana alam, JMM bersamasama 

agensi utama pengurusan bencana negara, 

terutamanya Majlis Keselamatan Negara, Polis DiRaja 

Malaysia dan NGO yang terlibat dalam peredaan dan 

mitigasi bencana telah menjalankan kempen kesedaran 

awam tentang bencana alam. Pada 2008, sebanyak 

19 kempen kesedaran awam telah dilaksanakan JMM 

dan kempen ini diteruskan lagi pada tahun 2009. 

Akhir kata, saya mengucapkan selamat berjaya kepada 

JMM, pihak pengurusannya serta seluruh kakitangan 

yang pada setiap masa telah mengekalkan etika kerja 

baik dan komitmen tinggi sepanjang menjalankan tugas 

kepada negara. Saya yakin JMM akan terus cemerlang 

dalam perkhidmatannya. 

“Menjuarai penerokaan saintifik, menganjak inovasi.” 

JabaTan MeTeoroLogi MaLaysia 

Malaysian Meteorological Department 

The MMD is also aggressively enhancing its human 

resource requirements and capabilities to meet the 

expanding demands of its services. In 2008, 52 new 

officers were recruited. The MMD also sent five of its 

officers for further studies at the MSc and PhD levels, 

both at local institutions and universities overseas. 

MOSTI through its Human Capital Development (HCD) 

Fund will continue to support the MMD in its human 

capital development as a skilled and scientifically cultured 

workforce is a pre-requisite for effective scientific 

services. In order for MOSTI to realise its aim of leading 

and championing scientific research and innovation 

transformation, the staff of MOSTI and MMD must be 

inculcated with the culture of innovation and creativity. 

It must also be noted that human carelessness with 

regards to floods, lightning and other natural hazards 

has resulted in loss of lives. To overcome this and to 

minimise the loss of properties due to natural disasters, 

the MMD together with leading disaster management 

agencies in the country, in particular the National 

Security Council, the Royal Malaysian Police and NGOs 

involved in natural disaster relief and mitigation, have 

been carrying out public awareness campaign on natural 

hazards and disaster. In 2008, a total of 19 awareness 

campaigns were carried out by the MMD and these 

campaigns have been continued in 2009. 

Lastly, I would like to wish all the best to the management 

and staff members of the MMD who have always 

displayed a strong commitment and good work ethics in 

performing their duties. I am confident that the MMD 

will continue to excel in the years to come. 

“Championing scientific discovery, transforming 

innovation.” 

(Datuk Seri Dr. Maximus Johnity Ongkili, JP) 

Menteri Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi 

Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation 

3

Saya berbangga kerana Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia 

(JMM) meneruskan tradisi menerbitkan laporan 

tahunannya yang merupakan ringkasan pencapaian 

hasil kerja bagi tahun 2008. Saya ingin mengambil 

kesempatan ini mengucapkan terima kasih kepada JMM 

kerana memberikan saya peluang untuk menyampaikan 

perutusan dalam Laporan Tahunan 2008. 

JMM merupakan salah satu jabatan di bawah 

Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi (MOSTI) yang 

bertanggungjawab memberikan perkhidmatan amaran 

awal kepada negara berkaitan cuaca, iklim, seismik dan 

pelbagai bencana berkaitan air. Walaupun kedudukan 

negara kita terlindung daripada bahaya bencana alam 

utama seperti taufan, gempa bumi yang kuat dan 

gunung berapi, namun negara dan perairan pantai kita 

masih terdedah kepada ancaman hujan lebat monsun 

yang boleh mengakibatkan banjir besar, ribut petir, 

ribut tropika, iklim dan cuaca ekstrem serta pelbagai 

bencana alam yang lain. Dalam hal ini, dedikasi JMM 

dan kakitangannya dalam membekalkan perkhidmatan 

kepada negara secara 24 jam sepanjang tahun adalah 

amat dihargai. 

Prestasi penyampaian perkhidmatan oleh JMM kian 

meningkat dari masa ke semasa. Beberapa tahun lalu, 

JMM telah mempertingkatkan keupayaannya untuk 

membekalkan ramalan iklim bermusim kepada negara di 

mana ianya penting bagi mengurangkan risiko bencana. 

JMM juga telah mempertingkatkan penilaian gempa 

bumi yang berkeupayaan menjana tsunami apabila 

gempa kuat berlaku di zon subduksi di sekitar rantau 

kita. 

Sebagai Ketua Setiausaha MOSTI, saya amat komited 

dan menyokong usaha-usaha untuk mempertingkatkan 

kebolehan JMM dalam membekalkan perkhidmatan 

cuaca, iklim, berkaitan air dan seismik kepada negara. 

Peningkatan keragaman dan perubahan iklim telah 

menjadikan tugas meramal cuaca dan iklim menjadi lebih 

mencabar dan memerlukan pembangunan kepakaran 

yang tinggi di kalangan pegawai. Sehubungan dengan 

4 


pE 

R u T u S a n 

Message 

KETua SETIauSaHa KEMEnTERIan SaInS, 

TEKnOLOgI dan InOVaSI 

se C r e ta ry ge n e r a l o f Ministry o f 

sC i e n C e, te C h n o l o g y a n d in n o v a t i o n 

I am proud that the Malaysian Meteorological Department 

(MMD) has continued the tradition of publishing its 

annual report to summarise its achievement and work 

for the year 2008. I would like to take this opportunity 

to thank the MMD for giving the opportunity to me to 

deliver a message for their 2008 Annual Report. 

The MMD is one of the scientific departments under the 

Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) 

tasked to deliver services related to early warnings to the 

country on weather, climate, seismic and water-related 

hazards. Although our country is shielded to some 

extent from major natural hazards such as typhoons, 

very strong earthquakes and volcanoes, however our 

territories and coastal waters are not spared from the 

threat of heavy monsoonal rains that can lead to severe 

floods, very severe thunderstorms, tropical storms, 

climate and weather extremes and other natural 

hazards. We should appreciate the dedication of MMD 

and its staff in delivering its services to the nation on a 

24 - hourly basis throughout the year which has helped 

keep the nation safe from natural hazards. 

The department is gaining in strength in its capabilities 

to deliver services. Over the past year, the MMD has 

improved its capability to deliver seasonal climate 

forecasts to the nation which is important for disaster 

risk reduction. It has also improved in its assessment of 

tsunami potential when a strong earthquake occurs in 

the subduction zones surrounding our region. 

In my capacity as the Secretary-General of MOSTI, I 

am committed to further improve the capability of the 

MMD in delivering its weather, climate, water-related, 

and seismic-related services to the country. Enhanced 

climate variability and change has made the task of 

weather and climate forecasting more demanding and 

this requires development of higher expertise among its 

staff. I am committed to provide greater access to the

itu, MOSTI telah memperuntukkan dana pembangunan 

modal insan bagi membolehkan JMM membangunkan 

keperluan sumber manusia agar menjadi antara yang 

terbaik di dunia. 

Jaringan kepakaran dan kerjasama antarabangsa 

merupakan salah satu bidang yang dapat memberi 

manfaat kepada JMM ke arah menjadi pusat 

meteorologi terkemuka di rantau ini. Saya menggalakkan 

agar kakitangan JMM terlibat aktif dalam kerjasama 

antarabangsa kerana pemantauan cuaca, iklim dan 

gempa bumi serta khidmat amaran awal memerlukan 

hubungan kerjasama yang erat untuk berjaya. Seiring 

ke arah mencapai status negara maju pada 2020, 

kita juga perlu menunjukkan kepimpinan di peringkat 

antarabangsa dalam bidang meteorologi dan geofizik. 

Syabas dan tahniah kepada JMM di atas penglibatan 

aktif dalam ASEAN Sub-Committee on Meteorology 

and Geophysics (SCMG), ESCAP/WMO Typhoon 

Committee, World Meteorological Organisation 

(WMO), Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the 

Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean Tsunami Warning and 

Mitigation Systems dan Intergovernmental Panel on 

Climate Change (IPCC). 

Peningkatan kerjasama dengan institusi pengajian 

tinggi tempatan, agensi-agensi pengurusan bencana 

dan jabatan-jabatan perkhidmatan sains juga adalah 

sama penting. Hubungan erat JMM dengan kumpulankumpulan 

penyelidik tempatan daripada Universiti 

Malaya, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Universiti Sains 

Malaysia, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia dan Akademi 

Sains Malaysia perlu diteruskan lagi pada masa-masa 

yang akan datang. Hubungan kerjasama yang rapat 

dengan agensi-agensi seperti Majlis Keselamatan 

Negara, Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran, Jabatan 

Alam Sekitar, Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains, Jabatan 

Ukur dan Pemetaan dan Agensi Remote Sensing telah 

membolehkan JMM memberikan perkhidmatan yang 

lebih berkesan kepada negara. 

Dalam meningkatkan penyampaian perkhidmatan 

kepada masyarakat, saya menyarankan agar JMM 

terus bekerjasama dengan NGO dan kerajaan tempatan 

agar khidmat yang diberikan lebih difahami dan dihargai 

oleh orang awam. Ini akan dapat membantu masyarakat 

tempatan membuat keputusan melalui kefahaman yang 

lebih baik tentang amaran awal yang dikeluarkan JMM. 

Akhir kata, saya ingin sekali lagi berterima kasih kepada 

pihak pengurusan dan semua kakitangan JMM atas 

dedikasi dan khidmat mereka kepada bangsa dan 

negara. 



human capital developments (HCD) fund under MOSTI 

to enable MMD to develop its required human resource 

to be among the best in the world. 

Greater international networking and collaboration is 

another area I believe the MMD can greatly benefited 

from its quest to be a leading Centre in the region. I 

encourage the staff of the MMD to be actively engaged in 

international collaboration and cooperation as weather, 

climate and earthquake monitoring and early warning 

services require such collaboration to be successful. 

As we progress towards a developed country status by 

2020, we too need to show international leadership in 

the area of meteorology and geophysics. I am pleased 

to note the active involvement of the MMD in the 

ASEAN Sub-Committee on Meteorology and Geophysics 

(SCMG), the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee, 

the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), the 

Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Indian 

Ocean and Pacific Ocean Tsunami Warning and 

Mitigation Systems and the Intergovernmental Panel on 

Climate Change (IPCC). 

Enhanced collaboration with our local academic 

institutions of higher learning and other disaster 

management and related scientific services departments 

are equally important. I am happy to note the greater 

engagement with national research groups at University 

of Malaya, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Universiti 

Sains Malaysia, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and with the 

Academy of Sciences Malaysia. The close collaboration 

and coordination with the National Security Council, the 

Department of Drainage and Irrigation, the Department 

of Environment, the Department of Minerals and 

Geoscience, the Department of Mapping and Survey 

and Remote Sensing Agency has enabled the MMD to 

deliver more effective services to the country. 

In enhancing its services to the community, I would 

encourage the MMD to continue to work with the NGOs 

and local governments to enable its services be better 

understood and appreciated by the people. This would 

help empower the local community in making informed 

decisions through their better understanding of the 

early warnings provided by the MMD. 

In conclusion, I would like to thank the management and 

staff of the MMD for their dedication and service to the 

nation and its people. 

Dato’ Madinah Mohamad 

Ketua Setiausaha Kementerian Sains, Teknologi Dan Inovasi 

Secretary General, Ministry of Science, Technology And Innovation 

5

Keragaman cuaca dan perubahan iklim terus berlaku 

dan mengakibatkan cuaca ekstrem meningkat berlaku 

di negara ini. Pada awal tahun 2008 banjir monsun 

yang teruk telah melanda negeri Pahang dan timur 

laut Johor. Manakala pada Jun 2008, bandaraya 

Kuala Lumpur telah mengalami dua episod banjir kilat, 

walaupun kali ini keadaannya kurang teruk berbanding 

banjir yang berlaku pada tahun 2007 disebabkan 

langkah-langkah pencegahan awal diambil oleh Kerajaan. 

Pada November dan Disember 2008, hujan monsun 

yang lebat telah mengakibatkan banjir di Kelantan dan 

Terengganu. Amaran hujan lebat yang dikeluarkan oleh 

JMM telah membantu agensi pengurusan bencana 

negara mengambil langkah dan membuat persiapan 

yang sewajarnya. 

Di bawah kepimpinan dan visi Menteri Sains Teknologi 

dan Inovasi iaitu Y.B. Datuk Seri Dr. Maximus Johnity 

Ongkili dan Timbalan Menteri Sains Teknologi dan 

Inovasi iaitu Y.B. Tuan Haji Fadillah Yusof, JMM terus 

meningkatkan keupayaan sistem amaran awal sebagai 

panduan kepada pembuat keputusan serta agensiagensi 

pengurusan bencana. Ketepatan amaran hujan 

lebat semasa monsun timur laut telah meningkat 

kepada 85%. JMM juga menyedari banyak kehilangan 

nyawa berlaku setiap tahun terutama ketika musim 

banjir monsun. 

Dalam usaha meningkatkan pemahaman tentang 

perubahan dan keragaman iklim di Malaysia, 

terutamanya aspek penyesuaian iklim semasa dan akan 

datang dan untuk meningkatkan ilmu pengetahuan di 

kalangan ahli akademik dan pengamal, JMM bersama 

Kementerian Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar, Akademi 

Sains Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia telah 

mengadakan konferens bertajuk Second National 

Conference on Extreme Weather and Climate Change: 

Understanding Science and Risk Reduction pada 14 

– 15 Oktober 2008 bertempat di PICC. JMM juga telah 

berjaya melengkapkan unjuran 100 tahun berskala 

kecil tentang keadaan iklim dari 2000-2099 dengan 

6 

KETua PEngaRaH 

di r e C t o r ge n e r a l 


pE 

R u T u S a n 

Message 

Climate variability and change continue to enhance the 

occurrence of weather extremes in our country. In the 

early part of January 2008, severe monsoon floods 

occurred in the Pahang and northeast Johore. In June 

2008, the city of Kuala Lumpur experienced two minor 

flash floods, although this time it was less severe than 

that which occurred in 2007 due to mitigation measures 

taken by the Government. In November and December 

2008, monsoonal rain resulted in floods in the states 

of Kelantan and Terengganu. The early warnings 

provided by the MMD had assisted the national disaster 

management agencies in taking early actions and made 

the necessary preparation accordingly. 

Under the leadership and vision of our able Minister of 

Science, Technology and Innovation, Y.B. Datuk Seri Dr. 

Maximus Johnity Ongkili and the Deputy Minister Y.B. 

Tuan Haji Fadillah Yusof, the Malaysian Meteorological 

Department (MMD) continued to improve its early 

warnings and guidance to decision makers and disaster 

management agencies. The accuracy of the rainfall 

warnings during the north east monsoon season has 

improved to 85%. The MMD noted the unnecessary 

continued loss of lives during the yearly monsoonal 

floods. 

In its efforts to better understand climate change and 

climate variability in Malaysia, in particular adaptation 

needs to current and future climate and to promote 

further exchange of recent scientific knowledge between 

the local academia and practitioners, the Department 

together with the Ministry of Natural Resources and 

the Environment (MNRE), the Academy of Sciences 

Malaysia and National University of Malaysia, hosted 

a 2-day “Second National Conference on Extreme 

Weather and Climate Change: Understanding Science 

and Risk Reduction” from 14-15 October 2008 at 

PICC, Putrajaya. The MMD also successfully completed 

a 100-year downscaling projection run of the future

menggunakan model PRECIS yang dibekalkan oleh Pusat 

Hadley United Kingdom. 

Dalam usaha meningkatkan ramalan jangka pendek 

(1-3 hari), JMM juga telah berjaya melaksana dan 

mengoperasikan model ramalan cuaca numerikal 

berskala meso WRF dengan resolusi 4 km. Bersamasama 

dengan model MM5, kedua-duanya menjadi tulang 

belakang ramalan jangka pendek yang dihasilkan. 

Kerjasama dengan pusat-pusat antarabangsa seperti 

Tokyo Climate Centre (TCC), the APEC Climate Centre 

(APCC) di Busan, Republic of Korea serta kesudian 

pusat-pusat antarabangsa seperti the European Centre 

for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), 

the Climate Prediction Centre of NOAA, USA dan 

the International Research Institute (IRI) untuk terus 

berkongsi maklumat dan ramalan cuaca telah 

membolehkan JMM menghasilkan tinjauan bermusim 

yang berkualiti dan lebih baik dengan ketepatan lebih 

kurang 65%. 

Pada awal tahun 2008, JMM telah mengoperasikan 

model luruan ribut versi Japan Meteorological Agency 

(JMA) dengan resolusi 1.8 km. Model ini membolehkan 

JMM meramalkan kejadian luruan ribut kesan daripada 

kemaraan taufan dan juga kenaikan aras laut yang 

disebabkan oleh tiupan angin monsun timur laut. 

Pada tahun 2008, JMM terus meningkatkan sistem 

pencerapan meteorologi. Ini termasuklah dengan 

melaksanakan tambahan 108 stesen pemantauan 

cuaca automatik di seluruh negara bagi melengkapkan 

39 stesen meteorologi utama sedia ada. Runway 

Visual Range (RVR) dan alat pengukuran angin 

juga telah dipasang di 16 lapangan terbang untuk 

mempertingkatkan infrasruktur meteorologi bagi tujuan 

keselamatan pendaratan dan pelepasan pesawat. 

Sebagai sebahagian daripada usaha meningkatkan 

ketepatan dan kecekapan mengesan gempa bumi dan 

pengoperasian sistem amaran awal tsunami, JMM 

telah melaksanakan fasa kedua sistem amaran awal 

tsunami pada tahun 2008. Dalam fasa kedua ini, 

tiga tambahan stesen seismik telah dibangunkan iaitu 

di Bakun, Sarawak, Sapulut, Sabah dan di Jerantut, 

Pahang, 11 strong motion sensors yang dipasang di 

sekitar Lembah Klang dan Selangor, 15 tide gauges, 14 

kamera pantai dan 10 siren. JMM juga telah dengan 

jayanya memasang dua sistem analisis gempa bumi iaitu 

SISCOMP-3 yang dibekalkan oleh Geofon Germany dan 

Early Bird oleh Alaska Tsunami Warning System (ATWS). 

Pemasangan perisian sistem pengesan gempa bumi ini 

membolehkan JMM berkongsi pengisian maklumat dan 

mengesan serta menganalisis gempa bumi yang berlaku 

di rantau ini dengan lebih cepat dan tepat. 

MOSTI melalui Akademi Sains Malaysia (ASM) telah 

melengkapkan kajian mengenai “Risiko Gempa Bumi 

dan Tsunami di Malaysia”. Kajian ini dapat memberi 

kefahaman yang lebih baik kepada pengamal dan 



climate (2000-2099) using the PRECIS model supplied 

by the United Kingdom Hadley Centre. 

In its effort to improve the short range forecasts (1- 

3 days) the MMD also successfully implemented and 

operationalised the WRF mesoscale numerical weather 

prediction model at a resolution of 4 km. Together with 

the MM5 model, they form the backbone for the short 

range forecasts. 

Collaboration with regional centres especially the Tokyo 

Climate Centre (TCC), the APEC Climate Centre (APCC) 

at Busan, Republic of Korea, and the willingness of 

international centres especially the European Centre 

for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), 

the Climate Prediction Centre of NOAA, USA and the 

International Research Institute (IRI) to continue to 

share more information and forecasts has enabled the 

MMD to produce higher quality seasonal outlooks with 

the accuracy now at about 65% accuracy. 

In early 2008, the MMD also operationalised a version of 

the Japan Meteorological Agency’s storm surge model 

at 1.8 km resolution. This model will enable MMD to 

forecast impending storm surges due to typhoons as 

well as the piling of water off the Malaysian coast during 

the northeast monsoon. 

In 2008, the MMD also continued to enhance its 

meteorological observation systems. This consists of 

the implementation of an additional 108 unmanned 

automatic weather monitoring stations in the country 

to complement the existing 39 principal meteorological 

stations. Runway Visual Range (RVR) and wind 

measuring instruments are also being installed at 16 

airports to enhance meteorological infrastructure for 

aircraft landing and take off safety. 

As part of the ongoing efforts to improve the accuracy 

and timeliness of the earthquake detection and 

tsunami early warning system, the MMD commenced 

the implementation of the 2nd phase of the tsunami 

early warning system in 2008. This phase will see 

the installation of 3 additional seismic stations, i.e. at 

Bakun in Sarawak, Keningau in Sabah and Jerantut in 

Pahang, 11 strong motion sensors in the Klang Valley 

and Selangor regions, 15 tide gauges, 14 coastal 

cameras and 10 sirens nation wide. The MMD also 

successfully installed 2 additional earthquakes analysis 

system, i.e. the SISCOMP-3 provided by Geofon Germany 

and Early Bird provided by Alaska Tsunami Warning 

Centre (ATWC). The installation of these operational 

earthquakes detection system software has improved 

the capability of the MMD to provide faster and 

more accurate detection and analysis of earthquakes 

occurring in our region. 

MOSTI through ASM also completed the assessment 

study on “Earthquake and Tsunami Risks in Malaysia”. 

This study has provided a better understanding of the 

underlying risks and enabled practitioners and policy 

7

pembuat keputusan untuk membuat keputusan 

bermaklumat tentang mengurangkan gempa bumi dan 

tsunami. 

JMM juga telah menganjurkan Second International 

Round-Table Dialogue on Earthquake and Tsunami Risk 

in Southeast Asia, the South China Sea and Western 

Pacific Marginal Seas pada 6 hingga 8 Oktober 2008 

di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Mesyuarat ini dihadiri oleh 88 

peserta antarabangsa, saintis tempatan, pengamal 

dan pengurus pengurusan bencana untuk sama-sama 

berkongsi penemuan baru mengenai tsunami dan gempa 

bumi yang berlaku di rantau ini. JMM juga telah menjadi 

tuan rumah dalam Fifth Session Intergovernmental 

Coordinating Group of the Indian Ocean Tsunami 

Warning and Mitigation System (IOTWS) pada 8-10 April 

2008 di PICC, Putrajaya sebagai sebahagian daripada 

usaha membentuk kerjasama serantau negara-negara 

di rantau Lautan Hindi terutamanya dalam bidang 

pembangunan, operasi dan keutuhan jangka panjang 

bagi IOTWS. 

JMM juga melatih 52 orang pegawai kajicuaca baru 

pada tahun 2008 demi memenuhi pengembangan 

perkhidmatan jabatan terhadap negara. Pada masa 

yang sama, JMM juga telah menghantar lima orang 

pegawainya untuk melanjutkan menyambung pelajaran 

ke peringkat yang lebih tinggi sebagai sebahagian 

daripada pembangunan modal insan yang berterusan. 

JMM akan terus memainkan peranannya secara 

konstruktif dan berusaha gigih untuk berkhidmat kepada 

negara dan rakyat dengan lebih baik. Saya mengambil 

kesempatan ini untuk menyatakan penghargaan dan 

rasa terima kasih kepada semua kakitangan JMM atas 

komitmen dan dedikasi ke arah mencapai matlamat 

yang telah ditetapkan oleh Kerajaan serta misi dan visi 

yang telah digariskan oleh jabatan dan juga MOSTI. 

8 

Dr. Yap Kok Seng 

Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia 

Director General, Malaysian Meteorological Department 

Laporan Tahunan 2008 Annual Report 2008 

makers to make informed decisions on earthquake and 

tsunami risks reduction. 

The MMD also organised a “Second International 

Round-Table Dialogue on Earthquake and Tsunami Risks 

in Southeast Asia, the South China Sea and Western 

Pacific Marginal Seas” from 6 to 8 October 2008 at 

Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The meeting brought together 

88 international and local scientists, practitioners 

and disaster management managers to share their 

new findings on tsunami and earthquake risks in the 

region. MMD also hosted the Fifth Session of the 

Intergovernmental Coordinating Group of the Indian 

Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (IOTWS) 

from 8-10 April 2008 at PICC, Putrajaya as part of its 

effort to forge regional cooperation among the Indian 

Ocean countries in the development, operationalisation 

and long term sustainability of the IOTWS. 

The MMD also recruited an additional 52 meteorological 

officers in 2008 to meet the expanding services the 

Department is providing to the nation. At the same time 

MMD sent five of its officers to pursue higher studies as 

part of its continued human capital development. 

MMD will continue to play its role constructively 

and strive to serve the nation and its people better. 

I would like to express my appreciation and gratitude 

to all members of the staff for their commitment and 

dedication towards achieving the objectives set by the 

Government and the mission and vision of the MOSTI 

and the Department.

WaWasan, Misi, oBJeKtif & 

PiagaM Pelanggan 

vi s i o n , Mission, oB J e C t i v e s 

& Cl i e n t Ch a r t e r

WaWasan 

Menjadi pusat meteorologi bertaraf dunia yang 

membekalkan perkhidmatan cemerlang di peringkat 

nasional dan antarabangsa. 

Misi 

Kami komited untuk membekalkan pelbagai khidmat 

meteorologi dan seismologi yang berkesan bagi 

memperbaiki perlindungan hayat, harta benda dan 

persekitaran, meningkatkan keselamatan di darat, 

laut dan udara, mempertingkatkan kualiti hidup dan 

pertumbuhan ekonomi mapan. 

obJekTif 

1. Membekalkan perkhidmatan meteorologi dan 

seismologi untuk: 

10 

• keselamatan dan kecekapan operasi di udara, 

darat dan laut 

• ketenteraan 

• homeland security (seperti pengurusan bencana 

alam, ancaman perubahan iklim, cuaca melampau, 

gempa bumi dan tsunami) 

• keselamatan dan keselesaan orang awam 

• perancangan pembangunan sosio-ekonomi dan 

pengurusan alam sekitar 

2. Mencerap dan mengarkib data meteorologi dan 

seismologi negara untuk memenuhi keperluan 

generasi kini dan akan datang. 

3. Memenuhi tanggungjawab antarabangsa dan 

mempromosikan kefahaman dan kemajuan sains 

meteorologi, seismologi dan tsunami. 

piagaM peLanggan 

Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia berusaha memberikan 

perkhidmatan meteorologi dan geofizik yang berkualiti 

tinggi bagi memenuhi keperluan ekonomi dan 

keselamatan negara. 

Kami berjanji akan melaksanakan perkara-perkara 

berikut: 

Vision 


WaWaSan, MISI, OBJEKTIF & PIagaM PELanggan 

vi s i o n , Mission, oB J e C t i v e s & Cl i e n t Ch a r t e r 

To be a world-class meteorological Centre providing 

excellent services nationally and internationally. 

Mission 

We are committed to providing effective meteorological 

and seismological services for improved protection of 

life, property and the environment, increased safety on 

land, at sea and in the air, enhanced quality of life and 

sustainable economic growth. 

objectiVes 

1. To provide meteorological and seismological services 

for: 

• safe and efficient operation in air, on land and at 

sea 

• the military 

• homeland security (such as natural disaster 

management, threats from climate change, 

extreme weather, earthquake and tsunami) 

• public safety and comfort 

• social economic development planning and 

environmental management 

2. To observe and archive meteorological and 

seismological data to meet the needs of present and 

future generations 

3. To fulfill international obligations and to promote the 

understanding and advancement of meteorological, 

seismological and tsunami sciences. 

client charter 

The Malaysian Meteorological Department endeavors 

to provide meteorological and geophysical services of 

high quality to fulfill the socio-economic and security 

needs of our nation. 

We agree to perform as follows:

perkhidMaTan raMaLan CuaCa 

• Semua perkhidmatan meteorologi yang diberikan 

kepada penerbangan awam mematuhi sepenuhnya 

piawaian dan amalan-amalan yang dicadangkan oleh 

ICAO. 

• Semua dokumen ramalan cuaca untuk penerbangan 

antarabangsa dan domestik akan disiapkan masingmasing 

3 dan 2 jam sebelum penerbangan. 

• Sebarang pertanyaan berhubung dengan maklumat 

cuaca dan keadaan laut yang dikemukakan melalui 

telefon atau datang sendiri ke pejabat ramalan pada 

sebarang masa (24 jam termasuk hari Ahad dan 

cuti am) akan dijawab dengan segera dan berbudi 

bahasa. 

• Amaran tentang cuaca buruk, angin kencang dan 

laut bergelora akan dikeluarkan melalui media masa 

untuk memberitahu secepat mungkin kepada orang 

awam tentang keadaan-keadaan cuaca buruk dan 

atau keadaan laut yang diramalkan akan berlaku. 

perkhidMaTan seisMoLogi dan TsunaMi 

• Permohonan untuk mendapatkan maklumat 

seismologi akan dijawab dengan secepat mungkin 

dan tidak lewat dari 3 hari dari tarikh permohonan 

diterima. 

• Maklumat awal berkaitan gempa bumi dan tsunami 

tempatan akan dikeluarkan dalam tempoh 15 minit 

dari masa kejadian gempa tersebut. 

perkhidMaTan peMbenihan aWan 

• Kajian kemungkinan ke atas setiap permohonan 

operasi pembenihan awam akan disiapkan selewatlewatnya 

dalam tempoh 2 minggu. 

• Bagi kepentingan negara tindakan serta-merta akan 

diambil untuk menjalankan operasi pembenihan 

awan. 

perkhidMaTan MeTeoroLogi LauTan dan 

oseanografi 

• Semua ramalan keadaan laut akan dikeluarkan 

sebelum pukul 4:00 petang setiap hari. 

• Nasihat/amaran angin kencang dan laut bergelora 

atau cuaca buruk akan dikeluarkan sebaik sahaja 

fenomena itu diramalkan akan berlaku. 

• Semua permohonan untuk perkhidmatan maklumat 

meteorologi lautan dan oseanografi akan dijawab 

secepat mungkin dan tidak lewat dari 5 hari selepas 

tarikh permohonan diterima. 



Weather Forecast serVice 

• All meteorological services provided to civil aviation 

conform completely to the “Standard and 

Recommended Practices of ICAO”. 

• All weather forecast documents for international 

and domestic flights will be ready for collection 3 and 

2 hours before departure respectively. 

• All enquiries concerning information for weather 

and sea condition through telephone calls or 

personal visits to the forecast offices at any time 

(24 hours including Sundays and public holidays) will 

be attended to courteously and expeditiously. 

• Warnings on adverse weather, strong winds and 

rough seas will be disseminated through the mass 

media to inform the general public as soon as the bad 

weather and rough seas conditions are forecaster. 

seisMological & tsunaMi serVices 

• All applications for seismological information will be 

answered as soon as possible and not later than 3 

days from the date of receiving the applications. 

• Information concerning occurrence of earth tremor 

will be delivered to designated recipients within 15 

minutes from the time of occurrence of the earth 

tremor. 

cloud seeding serVice 

• Feasibility study on each request for cloud seeding 

operations will be completed within 2 weeks from 

the date of receiving the request. 

• Cloud seeding operations will be implemented 

immediately for requests that are considered urgent 

to the nation. 

Marine Meteorology and oceanography 

serVice 

• All forecasts of sea conditions will be issued before 

4.00 pm each day. 

• Strong winds and rough sea advisories/warnings will 

be issued as soon as these phenomena are 

forecasted to occur. 

• All application for information and advices will be 

answered as soon as possible and not later than 

5 working days from the date of receiving the 

application. 

11

perkhidMaTan kaJikLiM 

• Semua permohonan bagi mendapatkan maklumat 

dan nasihat iklim akan dijawab secepat mungkin 

dan tidak lewat dari 5 hari selepas permohonan 

diterima. 

• Buletin Cuaca Bulanan dan Ringkasan Pencerapan 

Cuaca Bulanan akan diterbitkan dalam tempoh 7 

hari pertama bulan berikutnya. 

• Ringkasan Tahunan Pemerhatian Cuaca bagi semua 

stesen auksiliari akan diterbitkan dalam tempoh 2 

minggu selepas semua data diperolehi. 

• Ringkasan Tahunan Pemerhatian Cuaca bagi stesen 

meteorologi utama akan diterbitkan dalam tempoh 

satu bulan pertama tahun berikutnya. 

perkhidMaTan MeTeoroLogi perTanian 

• Semua permohonan untuk mendapatkan maklumat 

dan nasihat meteorologi pertanian akan dijawab 

secepat mungkin dan tidak lewat dari 5 hari selepas 

tarikh permohonan diterima. 

• Buletin Meteorologi Pertanian bagi setiap dekad (10 

hari) akan dikeluarkan kepada pelanggan tidak lewat 

dari 5 hari selepas hujung dekad berkenaan. 

perkhidMaTan MeTeoroLogi aLaM sekiTar 

• Semua permohonan untuk mendapat maklumat dan 

nasihat akan dijawab secepat mungkin dan tidak lewat 

dari 5 hari selepas tarikh permohonan diterima. 

• Maklumat meteorologi alam sekitar bagi maksud 

kecemasan akan dibekalkan dalam tempoh 24 jam. 

12 


cliMatological serVice 

• All applications for climate information and advice 

will be answered as soon as possible and not later 

than 5 working days after the date of receiving the 

applications. 

• The “Monthly Weather Bulletin” and “Monthly 

Weather Observation Summaries” will be published 

within the first 7 days of the following month. 

• “The Annual Weather Observation” of the 

Principal stations will be published within 2 weeks 

after all the data has been received. 

• Auxiliary stations will be published within the first 

month of the following year. 

agroMeteorological serVices 

• All applications for agrometeorological information 

and advices will be answered as soon as possible 

and not later than 5 days after the date of receiving 

the application. 

• The “Agrometeorological Bulletin” for each decade 

(10 days) will be ready for distribution to clients 

not later than 5 days after the end of the decade 

concerned. 

enVironMental Meteorological serVice 

• All requests for data, information and advices on 

environmental meteorology will be answered as soon 

as possible and not later than 5 working days from 

the date of receiving the request. 

• Environmental meteorology information for 

emergency purposes will be provided within 24 hours

organisasi & PengUrUsan 

or g a n i s at i o n & Ma n a g e M e n t

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CaRTa ORganISaSI 

or g a n i s at i o n Ch a r t

15 



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia 

Malaysian Meteorological Department

duduk di hadapan dari kiri: 

Seated In Front From Left: 

16 


PEnguRuSan TERTInggI JMM 2008 

Dr. Mohd Rosaidi Che Abas, En. Abdul Malik Tussin, 

En. Low Kong Chiew, Pn. Che Gayah Ismail - Timbalan 

Ketua Pengarah (Ramalan)/Deputy Director General 

(Forecasting), Dr. Yap Kok Seng- Ketua Pengarah/ 

Director General, En. Alui Bahari - Timbalan Ketua 

Pengarah (Aplikasi)/Deputy Director General 

(Application), En. Kang Thean Shong, 

En. Tan Huvi Vein, En. Wong Teck Kiong. 

berdiri di barisan kedua dari kiri: 

Standing On The Second Row From Left: 

Pn. Maznorizan Mohamad, En. Md. Kamsan Hamdan, 

En. Loh Eng Kee, En. T. Jayamohan, 

En. Kaliapan a/l Vediapan, En. Azmi Daud. 

MMd’s toP ManageMent 2008 

berdiri di barisan keTiga dari kiri: 

Standing On The Third Row From Left: 

En. Lim Boon Seng, En. A. Kamiluddin Hj. Ibrahim, 

En. Zubaidi Johar, En. Muhammad Helmi Abdullah, 

En. Ramlan Ab Rahman, En. Saw Bun Liong. 

berdiri di barisan keeMpaT dari kiri: 

Standing On The Fourth Row From Left: 

En. Mohd Zunaidi Mat, En. Mohd Hairul Anuar Bohro, 

Pn. Fariza Yunus, En. Zabani Mohd Zuki, 

En. S. Santhira Segaran, En. Kwan Kok Foo, 

Pn. Zawiah Mohd Taib. 

Tiada daLaM gaMbar: 

Not In Picture: 

Dr. Wan Azli Wan Hasan, En. M. Subramaniam, 

En. Azhar Ishak, En. Abdul Razak Abdul Malek, 

En. Jailan Simon, En. Ab Llah Che Cob, En. Zahari 

Abdullah, En. Tan Swee Yeong, Pn. Marisa Yee, 

Pn. Nor Khafiza Manan.

PeningKatan sisteM PenCeraPan CUaCa 

& rangKaian PeMantaUan 

en h a n C i n g We at h e r oB s e r v a t i o n s & 

Mo n i t o r i n g ne t W o r K s

peningkaTan sisTeM penCerapan CuaCa & 

rangkaian peManTauan 

Ketepatan dan menepati masa pencerapan 

adalah penting bagi operasi ramalan cuaca dan 

pengemaskinian amaran awal dan pemantauan iklim. 

JMM mengoperasikan rangkaian stesen meteorologi 

dan pencerapan iklim yang komprehensif yang terdiri 

daripada: 

18 

• Stesen Meteorologi Utama 

• Rangkaian Pencerapan Cuaca Permukaan 

Tanpa Pencerap 

• Stesen Udara Atas dan Belon Duga 

• Rangkaian Radar Cuaca 

• Stesen Penerima Satelit Cuaca 

• Rangkaian Kamera Cuaca 

• Sistem Pengesanan Kilat 

• Alat Profil Angin 

• Stesen Pemantauan Pantai dan Pelabuhan 

• Program Pencerapan Kapal Sukarela 

• Stesen Pemantauan Atmosfera Alam Sekitar 

Bagi memastikan negara mempunyai pemantauan 

kejadian seismik dan tsunami untuk amaran awal, JMM 

mempunyai platform pencerapan berikut: 

• Stesen Seismologi 

• Tolok Pasang Surut 

• Pelampung Tsunami 

• Kamera Pantai 

stesen Meteorologi utama 

Pada tahun 2008, kesemua 39 Stesen Meteorologi 

Utama (SMU) beroperasi dengan lancar sepanjang 

tahun dan produktiviti pencerapan cuaca mencapai 

100% termasuk menepati masa penghantaran 

laporan cuaca dari semua stesen meteorologi ke Pusat 

Komunikasi Nasional JMM di Ibu Pejabat Petaling 

Jaya. Kesemua stesen ini mempunyai pencerap dan 

32 stesen dari 39 stesen beroperasi secara 24 jam 

manakala 7 stesen lagi beroperasi 12 jam sehari pada 

waktu siang sepanjang tahun. Di samping itu bangunan 

baru untuk SMU telah disiapkan di Labuan dan Melaka 

di bawah projek peningkatan lapangan terbang Labuan 

dan Melaka. 


PEnIngKaTan SISTEM PEnCERaPan 

CuaCa & RangKaIan PEManTauan 

en h a n C i n g We at h e r oB s e r v a t i o n s & 

Mo n i t o r i n g ne t W o r K s 

enhancing Weather obserVations & Weather 

Monitoring netWorKs 

Accurate and timely weather observations are crucial for 

weather forecasting operations, early warning updates 

and climate monitoring. MMD continues to operate a 

comprehensive network of meteorological stations and 

climate observations comprising the following : 

• Principal Meteorological Stations 

• Unmanned Surface-based Weather Observation 

Network 

• Upper Air and Pilot Balloon Stations 

• Weather Radar Network 

• Weather Satellite Receiving Station 

• Weather Cameras Network 

• Lightning Detection System 

• Wind Profiler 

• Coastal and Port Monitoring Stations 

• Voluntary Ship Observation Program 

• Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Station 

To ensure the country has sufficient monitoring of 

seismic and tsunami events for early warning, the MMD 

operates the following observation platforms : 

• Seismological stations 

• Tide gauges 

• Tsunami buoys 

• Coastal Cameras 

principal Meteorological stations 

In 2008, all the 39 Principal Meteorological Stations 

(PMS) operated smoothly throughout the year and 

achieved 100% weather observation productivity, 

including timely dissemination of weather reports 

from these meteorological stations to the MMD 

National Meteorological Communication Centre 

at its headquarters at Petaling Jaya. All of the 39 

meteorological stations are manned and 32 of the 

stations operated on a 24-hour basis throughout the 

year, while the other 7 stations operated on a 12-hour 

basis daily from day to day throughout the year. A new 

building was also completed for the PMS at Labuan 

and Melaka under the Labuan and Melaka airports 

upgrading projects respectively.

Stesen Meteorologi Utama di 

Lapangan Terbang Batu Berendam, 

Melaka disiapkan pada Julai 2008 

Principal Meteorological Station at 

Batu Berendam Airport, Melaka 

completed in July 2008 

pencerapan Cuaca permukaan Tanpa pencerap 

Bagi meningkatkan bilangan pencerapan cuaca 

permukaan untuk keperluan amaran cuaca buruk yang 

berkesan, JMM pada tahun 2007 telah melaksanakan 

penambahan 108 stesen cuaca automatik tanpa 

pencerap di bawah projek Rancangan Malaysia Ke-9. 

Pelaksanaan projek tersebut telah menambah bilangan 

stesen cuaca automatik (AWS) kepada 140 stesen 

yang dikendalikan oleh JMM termasuklah stesen pantai. 

Pada tahun 2008, sensor telah dipasang di kesemua 

108 unit. Ujian kelasakan dan ketepatan rangkaian 

AWS tanpa pencerap akan dijalankan sehingga suku 

ketiga 2009 sebelum sistem tersebut dijangkakan 

dapat beroperasi sepenuhnya. 

Stesen Meteorologi 

Automatik di Kulim, Kedah 

Automatic Weather Station 

at Kulim, Kedah 



Stesen Meteorologi Utama di 

Labuan mula beroperasi pada 

Februari 2008 

Principal Meteorological 

Station at Labuan started 

operating in February 2008 

unmanned surface-based Weather observation 

To increase the number of surface-based weather 

observation that are needed for effective early warning 

of severe weather, the MMD in 2007 started the 

implementation of 108 additional unmanned automated 

weather station under the 9th Malaysia Plan Project. 

The implementation of the project brings to a total of 

140 unmanned AWS operated by the MMD, including 

those at the coastal areas. In 2008, sensors for all the 

108 units had been installed. Testing of the robustness 

and accuracy of the unmanned AWS network will 

continue until the third quarter of 2009 after which the 

system is expected to be fully operational. 

19

20 

Lokasi Stesen Meteorologi Utama dan Stesen Meteorologi Automatik 

Locations of Principal Meteorological Stations and Automatic Stations 

JMM juga mempunyai sejumlah 149 stesen kaji 

iklim auksiliari dan 101 stesen hujan manual dengan 

pencerapan dibuat setiap pukul 8.00 pagi oleh pencerap 

sukarela. 

Stesen Auksiliari Kaji Iklim di 

Bukit Fraser, Pahang 

Climate Auxiliary Station at 

Fraser’s Hill, Pahang 


The MMD also operates a total of 149 climate auxiliary 

stations and 101 manual rainfall stations where 

observations are taken at 8.00 am daily by volunteer 

observers. 

Stesen Tolok Hujan Pos Orang 

Asli Brooke, Gua Musang 

Rain Gauge Station at Pos 

Orang Asli Brooke, Gua 

Musang

stesen udara atas dan belon duga 

radiosonde 

JMM mempunyai 8 stesen Pencerapan Udara Atas 

di seluruh negara. Ia terletak di KLIA, Kuantan, Kota 

Bharu, Bayan Lepas, Kota Kinabalu, Tawau, Kuching 

dan Bintulu. Stesen-stesen ini menjalankan pencerapan 

harian pada 0000 UTC (8.00 pagi) dan 1200 UTC 

(8.00 malam). Radiosonde berserta belon hidrogen 

yang naik bebas akan mengukur elemen-elemen udara 

atas seperti tekanan atmosfera, kelajuan angin, suhu 

dan kelembapan bandingan sehingga melebihi paras 

ketinggian 30km. 

Untuk menjimatkan kos operasi bagi operasi stesen, 

pada tahun 2008 JMM telah memperolehi Modem 

M2K2-DC GPSonde buatan Perancis untuk digunakan 

pada tahun 2009 secara tender terbuka. Lapan set 

‘MODEM SR2K2 Ground Receiving System’ telah 

dipasangkan untuk menerima dan memproses isyarat 

dari radiosonde semasa pendakian belon. Latihan telah 

dijalankan secara intensif kepada pencerap supaya 

mereka mendapat maklumat tambahan dan kefahaman 

terhadap sistem baru ini sebelum operasi dalam tahun 

2009. 

stesen belon duga 

JMM mempunyai rangkaian pencerapan belon duga 

di sembilan stesen yang terletak di Bayan Lepas, 

KLIA, Sitiawan, Kuantan, Kota Bharu, Kota Kinabalu, 

Sandakan, Kuching dan Bintulu. 

Pencerapan menggunakan belon duga adalah untuk 

menentukan kelajuan dan arah angin di paras udara 

atas. Ia melibatkan pembacaan sudut menegak dan 

azimuth di theodolite semasa mengesan belon duga 

tersebut secara visual. Kelajuan dan arah angin pada 

paras tertentu akan dikira secara trigonometri. 



upper air and pilot balloon stations 

radiosonde 

The MMD’s upper air network comprises of 8 upper 

air sounding stations throughout the country. They are 

located at KLIA, Kuantan, Kota Bharu, Bayan Lepas, 

Kota Kinabalu, Tawau, Kuching and Bintulu. The stations 

make daily observations at 0000UTC (8.00 am) and 

1200 UTC (8.00 pm). A radiosonde is attached to a free 

rising hydrogen filled balloon to measure the upper air 

elements such as atmospheric pressure, wind velocity, 

temperature and humidity up to a height of 30km. 

To save operational cost in the operations of these 

stations, the MMD in 2008 has purchased MODEM 

M2K2-DC GPSonde manufactured in France to be used 

for 2009 through open tender. Eight sets of MODEM 

SR2K2 Ground Receiving System have been installed 

to receive and process the signal from this radiosonde 

during ascends. Training has been carried out extensively 

to enable the operator to gain better understanding and 

familiarization of this new system before the operation 

in year 2009. 

pilot balloon stations 

Pelepasan Belon 

Radiosonde 

Releasing the 

Radiosonde 

Balloon 

The MMD also operates a network of nine Pilot 

Balloon Observation Stations located at Bayan Lepas, 

KLIA, Sitiawan, Kuantan, Kota Bharu, Kota Kinabalu, 

Sandakan, Kuching and Bintulu. 

This method of observation is used to determine the 

wind speed and direction in the upper atmosphere. It 

involves reading the elevation and azimuth angles of a 

theodolite while visually tracking a pilot balloon. The wind 

speed and direction at selected levels are calculated by 

trigonometric methods. 

21

Pada tahun 2008, projek menaikkan taraf peralatan 

theodolite kepada ‘TEBAL Electronic Pilot Balloon 

Theodolite’ telah dijalankan di Stesen Belon Duga 

di Kuantan, Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, Sandakan dan 

Sitiawan. 

Theodolite yang baru ini dapat mengesan pendakian 

belon pada masa yang ditetapkan. Bacaan sudut 

menegak dan mendatar akan direkod dan dihitung 

secara automatik. 

rangkaian radar Cuaca 

Rangkaian radar cuaca JMM terdiri daripada 11 buah 

stesen radar yang terletak di Alor Star, Butterworth, 

Kota Bharu, Kuantan, Subang, Kluang, Kuching, 

Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu, Sandakan dan Lapangan Terbang 

Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur (KLIA). Radar cuaca di 

Alor Star, Butterworth, Kota Bharu, Kuantan, Subang 

dan Kluang ialah radar konvensional S-band manakala 

radar cuaca di KLIA ialah radar doppler S-band. Radar 

cuaca di Kuching, Bintulu, Sandakan dan Kota Kinabalu 

ialah radar konvensional C-band. Radar Doppler di 

KLIA membekalkan maklumat keadaan cuaca seperti 

amaran ricih angin dan letusan mikro kepada pegawai 

kajicuaca dan operator lapangan terbang semasa 

berlakunya ribut petir. Maklumat ini adalah penting demi 

menjaga keselamatan penumpang pesawat semasa 

pendaratan dan pelepasan. Maklumat kerpasan masa 

nyata daripada rangkaian radar disebarkan setiap 10 

minit kepada pengguna melalui portal web JMM. 

Projek untuk menaiktaraf keupayaan 10 radar 

konvensional S dan C-band sedia ada kepada radar 

doppler telah bermula pada tahun 2008 dan dijangka 

siap pada akhir tahun 2010. Sebuah stesen radar 

baru akan didirikan di Miri untuk menambahbaik liputan 

radar di Sarawak. Ini akan meningkatkan lagi keupayaan 

memantau cuaca buruk pada masa nyata untuk 

membantu meningkatkan aktiviti ramalan cuaca JMM. 

22 


In 2008, upgrading of the theodolite instruments to 

TEBAL Electronic Pilot Balloon Theodolite has been 

carried out at the Pilot Balloon Stations of Kuantan, 

Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, Sandakan and Sitiawan. 

The new theodolite allows the tracking of ascending 

balloon at a predetermined time interval. Both horizontal 

and vertical angles are automatically recorded and 

computed. 

Weather radars network 

Theodolite Belon Duga 

Elektronik TEBAL 

TEBAL Electronic Pilot 

Balloon Theodolite 

The MMD weather radar network consists of 11 

weather radars located at Alor Star, Butterworth, Kota 

Bharu, Kuantan, Subang, Kluang, Kuching, Bintulu, Kota 

Kinabalu, Sandakan and Kuala Lumpur International 

Airport (KLIA). The weather radars at Alor Star, 

Butterworth, Kota Bharu, Kuantan, Subang and Kluang 

are conventional S-band radars while the weather radar 

at KLIA is an S-band doppler radar. The weather radars 

at Kuching, Bintulu, Sandakan and Kota Kinabalu are 

conventional C-band radars. The Doppler Radar at KLIA 

provides wind shear and miroburst warnings to the 

meteorologists and air-flight aviation personnels during 

thunderstorm surrounding the airport. This information 

is critical to the safety of the aircrafts and passengers 

during take-off and landing at the runways. Near realtime 

precipitation information from the radar network is 

disseminated at regular interval of 10 minutes to users 

via MMD web portal. 

The project to upgrade the existing ten conventional S 

and C- band radars to doppler radar was started in 

2008 and is expected to be completed by end of 2010. 

A new radar station will be set up in Miri to improve 

radar coverage over Sarawak. This will further enhance 

the near real-time nation-wide coverage of severe 

weather monitoring to support the weather forecasting 

activities of MMD.

stesen penerimaan satelit Cuaca 

JMM menerima data dan imej satelit meteorologi 

geopegun MTSAT-1R dari Jepun, dan FY-2C dan FY-2D 

dari China. Kedua-dua satelit geopegun ini membekalkan 

data dan imej satelit sistem cuaca setiap setengah jam 

dari kawasan tengah Laut Arab hingga ke kawasan 

tengah Lautan Pasifik. 

Satelit meteorologi geopegun adalah amat berguna 

dalam pemantauan dan pengesanan ribut tempatan 

dan siklon tropika. Satelit geopegun ini membekalkan 

maklumat yang diperlukan bagi membantu pegawai 

kajicuaca mengeluarkan amaran awal cuaca buruk yang 

berlaku dengan lebih berkesan. 

Rangkaian Radar JMM 

MMD Radars Network 



Gema radar yang dicerap pada 11.00 pagi 

18 Ogos 2008 menunjukkan hujan lebat 

yang mengakibatkan banjir di Pulau Pinang, 

Kedah dan Perak. 

Radar echoes observed at 11.00 am 18 

August 2008 showed heavy rainfall caused 

flood in Penang, Kedah and Perak. 

Weather satellite receiving station 

The MMD receives meteorological geostationary satellite 

data and images from the Japan geostationary satellite 

MTSAT-1R and the China geostationary satellite FY-2C 

and FY-2D. Together these meteorological geostationary 

satellites provide half hourly data and images of weather 

system from the central part of Arabian Sea to the 

central part of the Pacific Ocean. 

These geostationary meteorological satellites are very 

useful for monitoring and tracking severe local storms 

and tropical cyclones. These geostationary satellites 

provide the necessary information to aid the weather 

forecasters in providing better advance warnings of 

impending severe weather events. 

23

24 

fy-2C - 

imej satelit infra merah 

Infrared satellite imagery 

Satelit mengorbit kutub digunakan oleh JMM bagi 

membantu pemonitoran alam sekitar dan menganalisis 

parameter-parameter hidrologi, oseanografi dan 

meteorologi seperti suhu permukaan laut, kepekatan 

klorofil, litupan awan, profil suhu, profil kelembapan dan 

indeks tumbuhan. Salah satu kegunaan utama adalah 

mengesan titik panas untuk tujuan pemonitoran dan 

ramalan jerebu rentas sempadan. Satelit mengorbit 

kutub membuat pemantauan yang lebih terperinci 

berbanding satelit geopegun kerana ia dapat 

memberikan resolusi imej dan profil atmosfera yang lebih 

baik disebabkan oleh kedudukannya yang lebih hampir 

dengan orbit bumi. Satelit mengorbit kutub mencerap 

data dalam jalur laluannya dan mampu menjejak seluruh 

bumi sebanyak dua kali dalam tempoh 24 jam. JMM 

menerima imej satelit mengorbit kutub dari USA (Siri 

NOAA, MODIS (AQUA dan TERRA)) dan China (FY-1D). 

noaa 18 – 

Imej titik panas pada 2 Ogos 2008 

Hotspot image on 2 August 2008 


MTsaT-1r – 

Imej satelit global 

Global satellite imagery 

The polar orbiting meteorological satellite information 

is used by the MMD to assist in environmental 

monitoring and analysis of hydrological, oceanographic 

and meteorological parameters such as ocean surface 

temperatures, chlorophyll concentration, cloud cover, 

temperature and moisture profiles as well as vegetation 

index. One of the main applications is the detection 

of hotspots for the purpose of haze monitoring and 

forecast of trans boundary haze. Polar orbiting satellite 

makes more detailed observations compared to the 

geostationary satellite as it offers higher resolution 

images and atmospheric profiles due to their closer 

orbit to the earth. Polar orbiting satellites capture data 

in a swath beneath them and can track the entire planet 

twice within a 24-hour period. The MMD receives polar 

orbiting satellite images from USA (NOAA Series, MODIS 

(AQUA and TERRA)) and China (FY-1D). 

Modis – 

Imej suhu permukaan laut pada 2 Ogos 2008 

Sea surface temperature image on 2 August 

2008

angkaian kamera Cuaca 

Imej visual masa nyata merupakan elemen penting 

kepada pegawai kajicuaca untuk memantau kejadian 

cuaca buruk. Pada tahun 2008, di bawah Rancangan 

Malaysia Ke-9 (RMKe-9), JMM telah memasang 

17 unit kamera cuaca di seluruh Semenanjung bagi 

membekalkan visual tambahan pencerapan cuaca 

kepada pegawai kajicuaca bertugas di Pusat Ramalan 

Cuaca (CFO). Kamera cuaca ini membolehkan pegawai 

kajicuaca mengetahui keadaan sebenar seperti jerebu 

teruk, kilat dan ribut petir, justeru akan meningkatkan 

lagi keupayaan pegawai membekalkan amaran cuaca 

tempatan. 

Kamera cuaca di Jalan Duta, Kuala Lumpur 

Weather camera at Jalan Duta, Kuala Lumpur 

sistem pengesan kilat 

Sistem Pengesan Kilat, SAFIR yang telah dipasang di 

Pejabat Meteorologi Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa 

Kuala Lumpur (KLIA) membekalkan maklumat terkini 

aktiviti kilat di Semenanjung. Alat pengesan kilat ini 

terletak di lapan lokasi iaitu Jasin (Melaka), Mersing 

(Johor), Jengka (Pahang), Kuala Krai (Kelantan), 

Bukit Tangga (Perlis), Bertam (Pulau Pinang), Parit 

(Perak) dan Klang (Selangor) untuk mengesan aktiviti 

kilat. Termasuk sama dalam sistem ini ialah Precision 

Lightning Warning System (PLWS) di KLIA. Sistem ini 

memaparkan secara tepat lokasi kilat dan memantau 

pergerakan dan perkembangan bagi membolehkan 

pegawai kajicuaca mengeluarkan nasihat dan amaran 

ribut petir untuk memastikan keselamatan operasi di 

KLIA. 



Weather cameras network 

Real time visual images form an important tool for 

weather forecasters to visualize the severity of each 

weather event. Under the 9th Malaysia Development 

Plan (9-MP), the MMD in 2008 installed a network of 

17 weather cameras throughout Peninsular to provide 

additional visual weather observations to the forecasters 

on duty at the MMD’s Central Forecast Office (CFO). 

These weather cameras allow the weather forecaster 

to have a feel of the actual situation, for example the 

severity of haze, lightning and thunderstorms, thus 

enhancing their capability to provide local weather 

warnings. 

Paparan visual kamera cuaca 

Visual display of weather cameras 

lightning detection system 

The SAFIR lightning detection system installed at the 

Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) Meteorological 

Office provides the latest information on lightning 

activity in Peninsular Malaysia. The lightning detection 

sensors are located at 8 locations namely: Jasin 

(Malacca), Mersing (Johore), Jengka (Pahang), Kuala 

Krai (Kelantan), Bukit Tangga (Perlis), Bertam (Penang), 

Parit (Perak) and Klang (Selangor) to detect lightning 

activities. Nested in this network is the Precision 

Lightning Warning System (PLWS) at KLIA. This system 

displays the precise location of lightning and monitors 

its movement and development and enables weather 

forecaster to issue thunderstorms advisories and 

warnings for the safe operations of the KLIA airport. 

25

alat profil angin 

Alat profil angin dipasang di KLIA pada tahun 2003 untuk 

mengukur profil menegak kelajuan mendatar angin dari 

paras permukaan hingga tropopause di sekitar kawasan 

KLIA. Alat profil ini menggunakan teknologi radar denyut 

Doppler yang dapat membekalkan angin semasa dan 

menjana maklumat ricih angin ketika cuaca buruk bagi 

membantu membuat keputusan tentang keselamatan 

operasi lapangan terbang. 

stesen pemantauan pantai dan pelabuhan 

Bagi menampung kekurangan data oseanografi seperti 

ombak dan arus, JMM telah memulakan pelaksanaan 

projek Rangkaian Sistem Meteorologi Lautan yang 

melibatkan pemasangan empat ADCP (Acoustic 

Doppler Current Profiler) di perairan Pulau Pangkor, Jeti 

UMS Kota Kinabalu, Pulau Mabul Semporna dan Pulau 

Perhentian di Terengganu. ADCP merupakan peralatan 

canggih yang berupaya mengukur parameter-parameter 

marin seperti ombak, arus dan ketinggian paras laut. 

Stesen 

Oseanografi 

ADCP Pulau 

Mabul, Sabah 

ADCP 

Oceanography 

Station Pulau 

Mabul, Sabah 

program kapal pencerap sukarela 

26 

Data setiap jam dari stesen 

ADCP Pulau Mabul, Sabah 

Hourly data from ADCP station 

Pulau Mabul, Sabah 

JMM terlibat aktif di dalam program kapal pencerap 

sukarela (VOS) Pertubuhan Meteorologi Sedunia 

(WMO). Kapal dagang digalakkan mengambil bahagian 

di dalam program VOS bagi menyumbang pencerapan 

cuaca yang diambil di laut berserta keadaan laut seperti 

ketinggian, arah dan tempoh ombak dan alun, dan suhu 

permukaan laut kepada semua agensi meteorologi 

nasional. Segala maklumat ini merupakan input penting 

kepada ramalan laut. 

Wind profiler 


The wind profiler installed at KLIA in 2003 is used to 

measure the vertical profiles of horizontal wind speed 

and direction from surface to tropopause around the 

KLIA airport area. This wind profiler uses pulsed Doppler 

radar technology to provide instant wind information 

and derived information such as wind shear during 

severe weather to support decision making for the safe 

operation of the airport. 

coastal dan port Monitoring stations 

In order to overcome the lack of in-situ oceanographic 

data such as sea wave and current, MMD has carried 

out the Marine Meteorological System Network project 

which consist of four units of ADCP (Acoustic Doppler 

Current Profiler) at Pangkor Island waters, Jetty of UMS, 

Kota Kinabalu, Mabul Island Semporna and Perhentian 

Island, Terengganu. ADCP is a high technological 

instrument capable of measuring vast range of marine 

parameters such as wave height, sea current and sea 

level rise. 

Voluntary ship observation programme 

The MMD participates actively in the World 

Meteorological Organisation (WMO) Voluntary 

Observing Ships (VOS) programme. Merchant ships are 

encouraged to participate in the VOS programme and 

to continuously supply weather observations taken at 

sea as well as other sea condition parameters such 

as wave and swell height, period and direction, and 

sea surface temperature to national meteorological 

agencies globally. These data are important inputs for 

marine forecasting.

Pada tahun 2008, sejumlah 32 kapal telah mengambil 

bahagian di dalam program ini. Pegawai Meteorologi 

Pelabuhan (PMO) JMM telah menyediakan bantuan 

perkhidmatan dan menyelenggara alatan meteorologi 

di atas kapal yang terlibat. Latihan untuk pegawai dek 

turut diberikan bagi membuat pencerapan meteorologi 

dan menghantar pencerapan tersebut melalui satelit 

INMARSAT kepada stesen terdekat untuk penyiaran 

antarabangsa melalui Sistem Telekomunikasi Global 

(GTS) WMO. 

Pada tahun 2008, 3 buah kapal milik Syarikat 

Perkapalan Antarabangsa Malaysia (MISC) iaitu Puteri 

Firus Satu, Puteri Zamrud Satu dan Tenaga Lima telah 

terpilih untuk menerima anugerah cemerlang untuk 

jumlah penghantaran pencerapan cuaca masa nyata 

yang tertinggi kepada JMM. 

Kapal pencerapan sukarela 

– Puteri Zamrud Satu 

Voluntary observation ship– 

Puteri Zamrud Satu 

stesen pemantauan atmosfera alam sekitar 

JMM mengendalikan rangkaian pemantauan atmosfera 

alam sekitar yang terdiri daripada 23 buah stesen 

pemantauan kualiti udara termasuk tiga Stesen 

Pemantauan Atmosfera Global (GAW) - Pertubuhan 

Meteorologi Sedunia (WMO) iaitu di Petaling Jaya, Tanah 

Rata dan Lembah Danum. Stesen GAW memantau 

komposisi kimia dan ciri-ciri fizikal atmosfera pada skala 

bandar, serantau dan global. 

JMM juga mengambil bahagian dalam Rangkaian 

Pemonitoran Pemendapan Asid di Asia Timur (EANET) 

yang ditubuhkan sebagai satu inisiatif kerjasama 

serantau bagi mewujudkan kefahaman umum tentang 

masalah pemendapan asid di Asia Timur. Pemantauan 

ini digunakan untuk menyediakan input saintifik bagi 

pembuat dasar membuat keputusan dalam perkara 

yang berkaitan dengan alam sekitar dan perubahan 

iklim. 



In 2008, a total of 32 ships participated in the 

programme. Port Meteorological Officers (PMO) from 

MMD provide assistance to service and maintain the 

meteorological instruments on board the participating 

ships. They also provides training to the deck officers on 

making meteorological observations and transmitting 

the observations via INMARSAT satellite to the nearest 

receiving station for international broadcast through 

the WMO sponsored Global Telecommunication System 

(GTS). 

In year 2008, three ships owned by the Malaysian 

International Shipping Company (MISC) namely Puteri 

Firus Satu, Puteri Zamrud Satu and Tenaga Lima were 

selected to receive the excellence award for providing 

the most number of the real-time weather observation 

to the MMD. 

atmospheric environment Monitoring stations 

The MMD operates a network of 23 long term air quality 

monitoring stations including three World Meteorological 

Organisation (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) 

Stations which are is at Petaling Jaya, Tanah Rata 

and Danum Valley. The GAW stations also monitor the 

chemical composition and physical characteristics of 

the atmosphere at urban, regional and global scale. 

The MMD is also takes part in the Acid Deposition 

Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) which was 

established as a regional cooperative initiative to 

create a common understanding on the state of acid 

deposition problems in East Asia. These monitoring are 

used for providing inputs for scientifically based decision 

making by the policy makers on matters related to the 

environment and climate change. 

27

28 

Stesen GAW di Lembah Danum dengan menara setinggi 100m 

GAW Station at Danum Valley with tower height 100m 

Rangkaian Stesen Kajian Alam Sekitar 

Environmental Studies Stations Network 

Laporan Tahunan 2008 Annual Report 2008

PerKhidMatan CUaCa, iKliM dan yang 

BerKaitan alaM seKitar 

We at h e r, Cl i M a t e an d re l at e d 

en v i r o n M e n t a l se rv iC e s

aMaLan CuaCa 

30 


PERKHIdMaTan CuaCa, IKLIM dan Yang 

BERKaITan aLaM SEKITaR 

pejabat Meteorologi utama 

We at h e r, Cl i M a t e an d re l at e d 

en v i r o n M e n t a l se rv iC e s 

Perkhidmatan Ramalan Cuaca merupakan salah satu 

perkhidmatan utama yang disediakan oleh JMM. 

Pejabat Meteorologi Utama (CFO) yang terletak di Ibu 

Pejabat JMM, Petaling Jaya merupakan pusat utama 

membekalkan khidmat ini. Ianya beroperasi 24 jam bagi 

penyediaan khidmat cuaca awam termasuk amaran 

cuaca buruk. 

ramalan Cuaca umum 

Perkhidmatan ini disediakan bagi orang awam dan 

sektor swasta yang ingin mengetahui keadaan cuaca 

di sesuatu tempat. Ramalan ini termasuklah ramalan 

cuaca semasa, ramalan cuaca jangka pendek (1-3 

hari), ramalan cuaca jangka sederhana (4-7 hari) dan 

tinjauan musim bagi seluruh negara, bandar-bandar 

dan kawasan-kawasan peranginan utama. Orang awam 

boleh mendapatkan khidmat ini melalui telefon, SMS, 

laman web JMM di www.met.gov.my atau melalui 

penerbitan dan siaran media massa. 

JMM juga menyalurkan ramalan cuaca melalui 

rancangan Selamat Pagi Malaysia dengan kerjasama 

RTM. 

Ketepatan ramalan cuaca umum pada tahun 2008 

ialah 81.06 % untuk ramalan satu hari, 75.56 % untuk 

ramalan tiga hari dan 65.77 % untuk ramalan tujuh 

hari. 

Laporan cuaca menerusi rancangan 

Selamat Pagi Malaysia 

Weather report through ‘Selamat 

Pagi Malaysia’ 

Weather Forecasting 

central Forecast office 

Weather forecasting is the core service of the MMD. 

The Central Forecast Office (CFO), located at the MMD’s 

headquarters at Petaling Jaya, is the main centre 

providing this service. It operates 24 hours daily for 

the provision of public weather services including severe 

weather warnings. 

public Weather Forecasts 

This service is for the public and private sectors who 

need to know the weather situation at a certain place. 

The forecasts include nowcasting, short range (1- 

3 days) and medium range (4-7 days) forecasts and 

seasonal outlooks for the whole country, major towns 

and major tourist areas. The general public can assess 

this service through telephone, SMS, the MMD website 

at www.met.gov.my or through the information published 

or broadcast by the mass media. 

The MMD also broadcasts the weather forecasts 

through “Selamat Pagi Malaysia” duly in collaboration 

with RTM. 

The accuracy of the public weather forecasts in 2008 

is 81.06 % for 1-day forecast, 75.56 % for 3-day 

forecast and 65.77 % for 7-day forecast. 

Paparan cuaca bandar utama 

Major cities weather display

nasihat dan amaran Cuaca buruk 

Nasihat dan amaran cuaca buruk di darat dan laut yang 

dikeluarkan adalah penting untuk menjamin keselamatan 

orang awam sepanjang masa. Nasihat dan amaran 

yang dikeluarkan ialah: 

• Nasihat dan amaran hujan lebat 

• Nasihat dan amaran ribut petir 

• Nasihat dan amaran ribut tropika dan taufan 

• Nasihat dan amaran angin kencang dan laut 

bergelora 

• Amaran luruan ribut 

• Nasihat dan amaran ketampakan rendah 

Nasihat dan amaran cuaca buruk tersebut disebarkan 

kepada agensi-agensi pengurusan bencana alam 

peringkat kebangsaan dan negeri seperti Majlis 

Keselamatan Negara, Polis, Jabatan Bomba dan 

Penyelamat, Jabatan Pertahanan Awam, Jabatan 

Pengairan dan Saliran, Jabatan Alam Sekitar, Pejabat 

Setiausaha Kerajaan Negeri dan media massa. 

ramalan Cuaca khas 

Impak kejadian ribut di Ampang 

pada 21 Mei 2008 

Impact of storm incident at 

Ampang on 21 May 2008 

JMM menggunakan pengalaman dan kepakarannya 

dalam bidang meteorologi marin, tropika dan 

penerbangan untuk membekalkan perkhidmatan cuaca 

yang diperlukan kepada sektor swasta. 

Ramalan cuaca khas dikeluarkan kepada syarikat 

yang memerlukan perkhidmatan cuaca. Ini termasuk 

PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd, Nippon Oil Exploration (M) 

Ltd, Exxon Mobil Exploration, Murphy Oil and Production 

Malaysia Inc., TL Offshore, PCPPand EcoOils Sdn. Bhd. 



severe Weather advisories and Warnings 

The issuance of severe weather advisories and warnings 

over land and sea are vital for public safety at all times. 

The advisories and warnings issued are: 

• Heavy rain advisories and warnings 

• Severe thunderstorm advisories and warnings 

• Tropical storms and typhoon advisories and 

warnings 

• Strong winds and rough seas advisories and 

warnings 

• Storm surge warnings 

• Low visibility advisories and warnings 

These advisories and warnings are disseminated to 

natural disaster management agencies at the national 

and state levels such as the National Security Council, 

Police, Fire and Rescue Department, Public Defence 

Department, Department of Drainage and Irrigation, 

Department of Environment, State Government 

Secretariat Office and the mass media. 

Kejadian banjir kilat di Kuala Lumpur 

pada 16 April 2008 

Flash floods incident at Kuala Lumpur 

on 16 April 2008 

specific Weather Forecast 

The MMD is also utilising its experience and expertise 

in marine, tropical and aviation meteorology in order 

to deliver commercially crucial weather services to the 

private sectors. 

Specific weather forecasts are issued to companies 

which require weather services. These include 

PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd, Nippon Oil Exploration (M) 

Ltd., Exxon Mobil Exploration, Murphy Oil and Production 

Malaysia Inc., TL Offshore, PCPP and EcoOils Sdn. Bhd. 

31

Perkhidmatan ini turut dibekalkan dalam acara khas 

seperti Formula One, LIMA, Le Tour D’Langkawi dan 

Piala Monsun. Bagi explorasi sektor carigali minyak 

perkhidmatan ramalan cuaca yang disediakan ialah 

ramalan cuaca dan laut di perairan spesifik, ramalan 

cuaca perkapalan dan amaran cuaca buruk seperti 

ribut petir, ribut tropika, taufan serta angin kencang 

dan laut bergelora. 

32 

Pelantar carigali 

Oil rig platform 

ramalan Cuaca bagi operasi ketenteraan 

JMM turut membekalkan perkhidmatan ramalan cuaca 

kepada Tentera Udara DiRaja Malaysia (TUDM) dan 

Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia (TLDM). Bagi TUDM, 

JMM menjalankan operasi perkhidmatan ramalan di 

Butterworth, Subang, Gong Kedak, Kuantan, Labuan, 

Kuching dan Kota Kinabalu. Bagi TLDM, ramalan cuaca 

ini meliputi Zon Ekonomi Eksklusif Malaysia, Laut China 

Selatan, Laut Celebes dan Laut Andaman. Laporan 

cuaca yang mengandungi keadaan cuaca, angin dan 

ombak dikeluarkan dua kali sehari iaitu pada jam 7:00 

pagi dan 7:00 malam. 

Rondaan kapal TLDM di perairan negara 

RMN patrol ship in the territorial waters 


This service is also provided for specific events such as 

Formula One, LIMA, Le Tour D’Langkawi and Monsoon 

Cup. For the oil exploration sector the weather forecast 

services rendered include weather and sea condition 

forecasts for specific waters, tow route forecasts 

and warnings of severe weather in particular severe 

thunderstorms, tropical storms, typhoon and strong 

winds and rough seas. 

Perlumbaan Formula One di Sepang 

Formula One racing at Sepang 

Weather Forecast for Military operation 

Weather forecast services are also provided by the 

MMD to the Royal Malaysian Airforce (RMAF) and the 

Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN). For the RMAF, the MMD 

operates forecast services at Butterworth, Subang, 

Gong Kedak, Kuantan, Labuan, Kuching and Kota 

Kinabalu. For the RMN, the weather forecasts cover the 

Exclusive Economic Zone of Malaysia, South China Sea, 

Celebes Sea and Andaman Sea. The weather forecasts 

consist of weather, wind and sea conditions are issued 

twice daily at 7.00 a.m. and 7.00 p.m. 

Pesawat TUDM Sukhoi 

RMAF Sukhoi Aircraft

pusat ramalan Cuaca Wilayah 

JMM mewujudkan Pusat Ramalan Cuaca Serantau 

yang bertanggungjawab menyediakan ramalan cuaca 

khas di bawah bidang kuasa mereka. Ini termasuk 

perkhidmatan meteorologi kepada aktiviti penerbangan 

awam dan tentera. Lokasi pusat-pusat ini dan negeri di 

bawah tanggungjawabnya adalah seperti berikut: 

pejabat Meteorologi Wilayah 

regional Meteorological office 

KLIA 

Subang 

Butterworth 

Bayan Lepas 

Kuantan 

Gong Kedak 

Kota Kinabalu 

Kuching 

Pejabat-pejabat ini juga diberi tanggungjawab untuk 

menghadiri mesyuarat pengurusan banjir peringkat 

negeri dan daerah termasuklah memberi taklimat 

cuaca dan maklumat kepada kerajaan negeri dan 

agensi-agensi lain berkaitan bila diperlukan. Pejabat ini 

juga bertanggungjawab menyebarkan amaran cuaca 

buruk yang dikeluarkan oleh JMM kepada semua agensi 

pengurusan bencana di peringkat negeri dan daerah. 

pejabat Meteorologi kLia 

Pejabat Meteorologi KLIA ditubuhkan pada tahun 

1998 bagi membekalkan perkhidmatan meteorologi 

penerbangan di KLIA. Di bawah Rancangan Malaysia 

Ke-9, Pejabat Meteorologi KLIA (PMKLIA) telah 

melaksanakan beberapa projek bagi meningkatkan 

piawaian dan kualiti perkhidmatan ramalan cuaca 

penerbangan. Pada tahun 2008, penaiktarafan Sistem 

Pemprosesan Signal RVP6 dan Sistem Receiver 

kepada Sistem Pemprosesan Signal RVP8 termasuklah 

Sistem Receiver Digital untuk Doppler Radar KLIA telah 

dilaksanakan. Sistem ini telah dapat mengesan dan 

mencerap gema hujan dengan resolusi tinggi. Maklumat 

dan amaran berkenaan ricih angin dan letusan mikro 

bagi keselamatan pendaratan dan pelepasan pesawat 

yang dikeluarkan oleh sistem ini adalah lebih baik. 

Sejajar dengan aspirasi kerajaan untuk membekalkan 

perkhidmatan berkualiti kepada pelanggan, PMKLIA juga 

melaksanakan sistem kiosk cuaca. Kiosk cuaca dipasang 

di beberapa kawasan strategik di KLIA supaya orang 

ramai dan pelancong dari luar negeri boleh mengetahui 

keadaan cuaca semasa dan produk-produk meteorologi 

lain yang terdapat di dalam sistem ini. Produk-produk 

ini termasuk imej satelit, gema radar serta keadaan 



regional Weather Forecast centres 

The MMD operates Regional Weather Forecast 

Centres which are responsible to provide specialised 

meteorological services under their jurisdiction. This 

includes meteorological services to the civil and military 

aviation. The location of the centres and the states 

under their responsibility are as follows : 

kawasan Tanggungjawab 

regions under jurisdiction 

Johor, Melaka 

Selangor, Negeri Sembilan 

Perak 

Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang 

Pahang 

Kelantan, Terengganu 

Sabah 

Sarawak 

These offices are also assigned the responsibility to 

attend the state and district level disaster management 

meetings as well as to provide weather briefings and 

information to the state government and other related 

agencies whenever required. They are also responsible 

to disseminate severe weather warnings issued by the 

MMD to all related disaster management agencies at 

the state and district levels. 

Klia Meteorological office 

The KLIA Meteorological Office was established in 1998 

to provide aviation meteorological service at KLIA. Under 

the 9th Malaysia Plan, the KLIA Meteorological Office 

(KLIAMO) implemented several projects to improve the 

standard and quality of aviation weather forecasting 

services. In 2008, the upgrading of the RVP6 Signal 

Processing System and the Receiver System of the 

RVP8 Signal Processing System as well as the Digital 

Receiver System of the KLIA Doppler Radar was 

implemented. The system is now able to detect and 

observe rain echoes at a higher resolution. Information 

and warnings regarding wind shear and microburst for 

the safety of landing and take-off of aircraft issued by 

these systems are more reliable. 

In line with the government’s aspiration to provide 

quality services to clients, the KLIAMO also launched 

the Weather Kiosk System in 2008. The Weather Kiosk 

Systems are installed at several strategic locations in 

KLIA so that the public and foreign tourists can obtain 

the current weather conditions and other meteorological 

products from the system. These products include 

weather satellite and radar pictures and images as well 

33

cuaca di Malaysia dan luar negara. Lokasi strategik 

kiosk cuaca tersebut ialah di kawasan pelepasan dan 

ketibaan Bangunan Terminal Utama, Bangunan Satelit 

dan Terminal Pengangkutan Kos Rendah (LCCT). 

34 

Kiosk cuaca di Terminal KLIA 

Weather kiosk at KLIA Terminal 

JMM juga menjadi tuan rumah kepada The 5th AMDAR 

Workshop on Science and Technology dan 11th AMDAR 

Panel Meeting, 17-21 November 2008 bertempat di 

Ibu Pejabat, JMM untuk mengkaji kemungkinan bagi 

mendapatkan data tambahan melalui peralatan yang 

terdapat pada pesawat komersial. AMDAR ialah satu 

sistem komunikasi untuk mengumpul dan mengedar 

data meteorologi global yang dicerap oleh pesawat 

komersial dan swasta secara automatik. Seramai 38 

peserta dari luar negara dan 20 peserta tempatan 

telah menghadiri bengkel AMDAR Panel. 

Malaysia Airlines System menunjukkan minat dan 

bersedia untuk bekerjasama dengan JMM bagi 

melaksanakan program AMDAR di Malaysia. 

Pelaksanaan AMDAR akan membantu meningkatkan 

ramalan cuaca berangka di Malaysia melalui liputan 

data meteorologi yang lebih luas. 


as weather conditions in Malaysia and foreign countries. 

Among the locations of the system are the departure 

and arrival areas of the Main Terminal Building, Satellite 

Building and Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT). 

The MMD also hosted The 5th AMDAR Workshop on 

Science and Technology and 11th AMDAR Panel Meeting, 

17-21 November 2008 at the MMD Headquartes 

to explore the feasibility of obtaining additional 

meteorological data through equipment onboard 

commercial airplanes. AMDAR is a telecommunication 

system that collects and distributes meteorological 

data globally and automatically from commercial and 

private aircarfts. 38 participants from overseas and 

20 participants from local agencies took part in the 

AMDAR Workshop Panel. 

The Malaysia Airlines System viewed the programme 

with enthusiasm and is ready to cooperate with 

the MMD to implement the AMDAR programme in 

Malaysia. The AMDAR implementation will help improve 

the numerical weather prediction in Malaysia through 

greater meteorological data coverage. 

Mesyuarat AMDAR pada 17 – 21 

November 2008 di JMM 

AMDAR Meeting on 17 – 21 

November 2008 at MMD

pejabat Meteorologi butterworth 

Tanggungjawab utama Pejabat Meteorologi Butterworth 

(PMB) ialah membekalkan ramalan cuaca dan maklumat 

berkaitan, termasuk memberi taklimat cuaca harian 

kepada Tentera Udara DiRaja Malaysia (TUDM) dan 

Tentera Udara DiRaja Australia (RAAF) untuk operasi 

harian mereka. 

Pejabat ini telah dianugerahkan status MS ISO 

9001 : 2000 dan bertanggungjawab sebagai Pusat 

Dokumentasi bagi pelaksanaan Sistem Pengurusan 

Kualiti MS ISO untuk semua pejabat wilayah kecuali 

PMKLIA. 

Pada tahun 2008, PMB telah memainkan peranan 

penting dalam membekalkan maklumat cuaca kepada 

lapan latihan ketenteraan berikut : 

• Royal Australian Air Force MPA Flying Program 

pada bulan Februari, Mei, Jun, Oktober, 

November dan Disember 2008. 

• Latihan Penerjunan HAHO, Eksesais Cobra 

Hot Drop, 11 Rejimen Gerak Khas, Pusat 

Latihan Peperangan Khusus (PULPAK) Kem 

Sg. Udang pada bulan Mac 2008. 

• Latihan Penerjunan Bebas, Rejimen TUDM 

Jugra pada bulan Mac dan Jun 2008. 

• Latihan Penerjunan Pasukan Khas Tentera Laut 

(PASKAL), Pengkalan TLDM Lumut pada bulan 

April 2008. 

• Latihan Penerbangan oleh Headquarters 

Integrated Air Defence Systems (HQIADS) 

pada bulan Mei 2008. 

• Latihan Penerbangan Malam oleh Pusat Latihan 

Terbang 1 (PULATIBANG 1) TUDM Alor Setar 

pada bulan Oktober 2008. 

• Latihan Bersama ‘LATGABMA ELANG 

MALINDO – XXIII/2008‘ TUDM dan TNI AU 

pada bulan November 2008. 

• Latihan Penerbangan Peperangan Elektronik 

TUDM Butterworth pada bulan Disember 

2008. 

Bagi meningkatkan pengetahuan dalam bidang 

meteorologi, PMB juga telah memberi ceramah 

berkaitan dengan meteorologi kepada kakitangan TUDM 

di Kolej Tentera Udara, Alor Setar. 

Bagi meningkatkan pencerapan cuaca di landasan, 

Sistem Sensor Angin & Runway Visual Range (RVR) telah 

dipasang di PMB. Pemasangan ini dapat meningkatkan 

tahap keselamatan dari aspek cuaca semasa pesawat 

mendarat dan berlepas. 



butterworth Meteorological office 

The main responsibility of the Butterworth Meteorological 

Office (BMO) is to provide weather forecasts and 

relevant information, including daily weather briefing, to 

the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) and the Royal 

Australian Air Force (RAAF) for their daily operations. 

The office has been MS ISO 9001 certified since 2006 

and is responsible as the Document Centre for the 

implementation of the MS ISO Quality Management 

System for all regional meteorological offices except the 

KLIA Meteorological Office. 

In 2008, the Butterworth Meteorological Office (BMO) 

played an important role in the provision of weather 

information to eight military training exercises namely : 

• Royal Australian Air Force MPA Flying Programme in 

February, May, June, October, November and 

December 2008. 

• Military Paracuting Exercise HAHO Code-Name 

Cobra Hot Drop by Special Forces 11, Warfare 

Training Centre, Sg. Udang Camp on Mac 2008. 

• Free Fall Paracuting Exercise by RMAF Jugra 

Regiment in March and June 2008. 

• Military Paracuting by Special Marine Force 

(PASKAL), TLDM Lumut In April 2008. 

• Military Flying Exercise by Headquarters Integrated 

Air Defence Systems (HQIADS) in May 2008. 

• Night Military Flying Exercise by TUDM Training 

Centre (PULATIBANG 1) RMAF Alor Setar in October 

2008. 

• Joint Military Exercise Code LATGABMA ELANG 

MALINDO-XXIII/2008 with TNI AU in November 

2008. 

• Military Electronic Flying Exercise, RMAF Butterworth 

in December 2008. 

To improve the knowledge of TUDM personnels on 

meteorology, the BMO also provided training on 

meteorology to TUDM personnels at the Military Air 

Force College at Alor Setar. 

To improve the weather observations at the runway, a 

Wind Sensor and Runway Visual Range (RVR) system 

was installed. This installation will help to improve 

aircraft landing and takeoff safety due to weather. 

35

36 

Taklimat peralatan AWS kepada pegawai TUDM pada 9 

Oktober 2008 di Stesen Meteorologi Butterworth 

Briefing on AWS equipment to RMAF officers on 9 

October 2008 at Butterworth Meteorological Station 

pejabat Meteorologi bayan Lepas 

Pejabat Meteorologi Bayan Lepas (PMBL) ditubuhkan 

untuk memberi perkhidmatan bagi negeri-negeri di 

barat laut Semenanjung. Pejabat ini membekalkan 

perkhidmatan meteorologi untuk aktiviti penerbangan 

awam dan cuaca khas kepada negeri Perlis, Kedah 

dan Pulau Pinang. Pejabat ini telah dianugerahkan 

oleh SIRIM QAS dengan sistem pengurusan kualiti MS 

9001 : 2000 pada 2006. 

Bagi meningkatkan keselamatan pesawat semasa 

mendarat dan berlepas di Lapangan Terbang 

Antarabangsa Bayan Lepas Sistem Sensor Angin 

dan Runway Visual Range (RVR) telah dipasang. Di 

samping itu, kiosk cuaca telah dipasang di Lapangan 

Terbang Antarabangsa Bayan Lepas bagi membekalkan 

maklumat cuaca kepada pelawat di lapangan terbang 

tersebut 


Latihan kebakaran kakitangan PMB pada 31 Julai 2008 

Fire drill exercise to BMO staff on 31 July 2008 

bayan lepas Meteorological office 

The Bayan Lepas Meteorological Office (BLMO) was 

established to serve the northwestern region of 

Peninsular. It provides meteorological services for civil 

aviation activities and specialised weather services to 

the states of Perlis, Kedah and Penang. The office has 

been awarded the MS ISO 2001 quality management 

system by SIRIM QAS in 2006. 

To improve the safety of aircraft landing and take off 

at the Bayan Lepas International Airport, Wind Sensor 

and Runway Visual Range (RVR) system were installed. 

In addition, weather kiosks had been installed at the 

Bayan Lepas International Airport to provide weather 

information to the visitors passing by the airport. 

Taklimat kepada pelanggan semasa Hari Bertemu Pelanggan PMBL pada 22 Ogos 2008 

Briefing to customers during BLMO Meet Client Day on 22 August 2008

pejabat Meteorologi subang 

Pejabat Meteorologi Subang (PMS) yang terletak di 

Lapangan Terbang Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah akan terus 

menyokong aktiviti penerbangan ketenteraan dan awam 

di Subang. PMS juga bertanggungjawab memantau 

keadaan cuaca umum secara berterusan di sekitar 

lapangan terbang dan mengeluarkan nasihat dan 

amaran cuaca buruk jika keadaan perlu. 

Sebagai pejabat wilayah, PMS bertanggungjawab 

membekalkan perkhidmatan meteorologi khas kepada 

Negeri Selangor dan Negeri Sembilan. Antara aktiviti 

yang dijalankan pada tahun 2008 ialah memberikan 

taklimat cuaca dalam Mesyuarat Pengurusan Banjir 

dan Bencana di peringkat daerah dan negeri bagi 

mengurangkan risiko yang disebabkan oleh cuaca. 



subang Meteorological office 

Kiosk cuaca di Lapangan Terbang 

Antarabangsa Bayan Lepas 

Weather kiosk at Bayan Lepas 

International Airport 

The Subang Meteorological Office (SMO) located at the 

Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport continues to support the 

military and civil aviation activities at Subang. SMO is 

also responsible for the continuous monitoring of the 

general weather condition surrounding the airport area 

and issuing of severe weather advisories and warnings 

whenever necessary. 

As a regional office, SMO is responsible to provide 

specialised meteorological services to the state of 

Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. Among the activities in 

2008 are the weather briefings given to the Disaster 

and Flood Management Meetings at the district and 

state levels to help reduce risks due to weather. 

Taklimat kepada pelanggan mengenai perkhidmatan dan peralatan meteorologi semasa 

Hari Bertemu Pelanggan PMS pada 31 Julai 2008 

Briefing to customers on services and meteorological equipment during SMO Meet Client 

Days on 31 July 2008 

37

pejabat Meteorologi kuantan 

Pejabat Meteorologi Kuantan (PMK) menyediakan 

maklumat cuaca untuk penerbangan awam di negerinegeri 

pantai timur Semenanjung dan Tentera Udara 

DiRaja Malaysia (TUDM) di Kuantan. Pejabat ini juga 

mengeluarkan amaran cuaca buruk dan angin kencang 

kepada orang awam, agensi kerajaan berkaitan dengan 

pengurusan bencana alam semulajadi dan juga agensi 

yang terlibat dalam aktiviti perkapalan dan marin di 

Pahang. Semasa Monsun Timur Laut, pejabat ini juga 

mengeluarkan ramalan cuaca harian untuk Bilik Operasi 

Banjir Negeri. Pejabat ini juga telah dianugerahkan oleh 

SIRIM QAS dengan persijilan MS ISO 9001 : 2000 

pada 2005. 

Bagi meningkatkan kesedaran awam dalam perkhidmatan 

cuaca, PMK telah menubuhkan satu pasukan pameran 

pada tahun 2008. Pasukan ini telah terlibat dalam 

program pameran peringkat negeri seperti Majlis 

Pelancaran Hari Minggu Belia pada 28 Jun, Kempen 

Kesedaran Awam Mengenai Cuaca Ekstrem, Gempa 

Bumi dan Tsunami pada 24 November, Konvensyen Falak 

pada 22-23 Disember dan Program Hari Kesedaran 

Bencana (Pengurangan Risiko Bencana – Pembangunan 

Tanah Tinggi) pada 30 Disember 2008. 

38 

Pameran peralatan meteorologi sempena kempen 

kesedaran awam di Kuantan pada 24 November 2008 

Meteorological instruments exhibition during the 

awareness campaign in Kuantan on 24 November 2008 


Kuantan Meteorological office 

The Kuantan Meteorological Office (KMO) provides 

weather information for the civil aviation sector in the 

eastern states of Peninsular and the Royal Malaysian 

Air Force (RMAF) at Kuantan. It also issues warnings 

of severe weather and strong winds to the public, 

government agencies related to natural disaster 

management and agencies involved in shipping and 

marine activities in the state of Pahang. During the 

Northeast Monsoon period, it issues weather forecasts 

daily to the State Flood Operations Room. This office has 

also been awarded the MS ISO 9001 : 2000 certificate 

in 2005 by SIRIM QAS. 

To enhance public awareness on weather services, 

the Kuantan Meteorological Office had established an 

exhibition team in 2008. The team has been involved 

in state exhibition programmes such as the Majlis 

Pelancaran Hari Minggu Belia on 28 June, Awareness 

Campaign on Extreme Weather, Earthquakes and 

Tsunami on 24 November, Falak Convention on 22-23 

December and Disaster Awareness Day Programme 

(Disaster Risk Reduction – High land Development) on 

30 December 2008. 

Lawatan K.D.Y.T.M. Tengku Mahkota 

Pahang ke pameran meteorologi di 

Konvensyen Ilmu Falak, Kuantan pada 

22 Disember 2008 

K.D.Y.T.M. Tengku Mahkota Pahang 

visit to meteorology exhibition at 

Konvensyen Ilmu Falak, Kuantan on 

22 December 2008 

Sambutan Hari Meteorologi Sedunia di 

Kuantan Parade pada 22 Mac 2008 

World Meteorological Day at Kuantan Parade 

on 22 March 2008

pejabat Meteorologi gong kedak 

Pejabat Meteorologi Gong Kedak (PMGK) ditubuhkan 

pada 2004 bagi membekalkan perkhidmatan 

meteorologi kepada Tentera Udara DiRaja Malaysia 

(TUDM) di Gong Kedak. Pejabat ini juga bertanggungjawab 

membekalkan perkhidmatan cuaca kepada Negeri 

Kelantan dan Terengganu. 

Fungsinya termasuk menyediakan dokumen penerbangan 

dan amaran lapangan terbang kepada TUDM di Gong 

Kedak, amaran cuaca buruk dan angin kencang kepada 

orang awam, agensi kerajaan berkaitan pengurusan 

bencana alam semulajadi dan juga agensi yang terlibat 

dalam aktiviti perkapalan dan marin. Semasa monsun 

timur laut, PMGK bertanggungjawab membekalkan 

maklumat meteorologi dan taklimat di Majlis Keselamatan 

Negeri di negeri Kelantan dan Terengganu. 

Bagi menyediakan persekitaran kerja yang kondusif, 

JMM telah memulakan projek pembinaan bangunan 

baru bagi PMGK pada 2008. Bangunan baru tersebut 

dijangka siap pada tahun 2010. 

Pameran Sempena Sambutan Hari Bumi yang 

diadakan di MRSM Kuala Berang, Terengganu 

pada 25 Mac 2008 

Exhibition during Earth Day at MRSM Kuala 

Berang, Terengganu on 25 March 2008 

pejabat Meteorologi sarawak 

Pejabat Meteorologi Sarawak terdiri daripada Pejabat 

Pentadbiran Negeri dan Pejabat Ramalan Kuching 

(PRK). Pejabat Pentadbiran Negeri bertanggungjawab 

mengurus PRK, lapan stesen meteorologi utama iaitu di 

Kuching, Sri Aman, Sibu, Bintulu, Miri, Kapit, Limbang 

dan Mulu, dua stesen udara atas di Kuching dan Bintulu, 

dua radar cuaca iaitu di Kuching dan Bintulu serta tiga 

stesen seismologi di Kuching, Sibu dan Bintulu. Pejabat 

ini juga mengendalikan stesen kaji iklim. Sebanyak lapan 



gong Kedak Meterological office 

The Gong Kedak Meteorological Office (GKMO) was 

established in 2004 to provide meteorological services 

for the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) at Gong Kedak. 

The office is also responsible for provision of weather 

services to the states of Kelantan and Terengganu. 

Its functions include providing flight documentations 

and aerodrome warning to the RMAF at Gong Kedak, 

severe weather and strong wind warnings to the public 

and government agencies related in natural disaster 

management and also to the agencies involved in 

shipping and marine activities. During the Northeast 

Monsoon period, GKMO is responsible for providing 

meteorological information and briefings to the 

State Security Councils in the states of Kelantan and 

Terengganu. 

To provide a condusive working environment for the 

staff, the MMD has started to build a new building for 

the GKMO in 2008. The new building is expected to be 

completed in 2010. 

Hari Bertemu Pelanggan yang diadakan di Stesen 

Meteorologi Kota Bharu pada 22 Mac 2008 

Meet Client Day at Kota Bharu Meteorological 

Station on 22 March 2008 

sarawak Meteorological office 

The Sarawak Meteorological Office consists of the State 

Administrative Office and the Kuching Forecast Office 

(KFO). The State Administrative Office is responsible 

for the management of the KFO, eight principle 

meteorological stations located at Kuching, Sri Aman, 

Sibu, Bintulu, Miri, Kapit, Limbang and Mulu, two upper 

air stations located at Kuching and Bintulu, the two 

weather radars located at Kuching and Bintulu and 

three seismological stations located at Kuching, Sibu 

39

stesen cuaca automatik juga telah dipasang pada tahun 

2008 dan dijangka siap pada tahun 2009. 

Perkhidmatan yang diberikan PRK termasuk ramalan 

cuaca untuk penerbangan awam dan syarikat swasta, 

media massa dan individu, nasihat dan amaran 

cuaca buruk dan laut bergelora serta angin kencang, 

membekalkan data kaji iklim dan perkhidmatan cuaca 

khas serta maklumat seismologi kepada kerajaan 

negeri dan agensi berkaitan. Pejabat ini juga telah 

dianugerahkan dengan persijilan MS ISO 9001 : 2000 

pada tahun 2006. 

Pada Oktober 2008, pembinaan bangunan pejabat 

baru yang terdiri daripada pejabat pentadbiran, pejabat 

ramalan cuaca dan seksyen radar telah bermula. 

Bangunan baru ini terletak berdekatan Lapangan 

Terbang Antarabangsa Kuching. 

Pada 2008, pembinaan tapak stesen radar baru di 

Miri telah dimulakan. Pemasangan radar dijangka akan 

dilaksana pada 2010. 

40 

Pameran MISTI MOSTI, Kuching pada 1-3 Ogos 2008 

Exhibition of MISTI MOSTI, Kuching on 1-3 August 2008 


and Bintulu. An additional eight unmanned automatic 

weather stations are also being installed in 2008 and is 

expected to be completed in 2009. 

The services provided by the KFO includes weather 

forecasts for the public, civil aviation and private 

companies, mass media and individuals, severe weather 

and rough sea and strong wind advisories and warnings, 

provision of climate data and specialised weather 

services as well as information on seismic activities 

to the state government and relevant agencies. The 

office has also been awarded the MS ISO 9001 : 2000 

certificate by SIRIM QAS in 2006. 

Y.B. Menteri MOSTI, Datuk Dr. Maximus 

Johnity Ongkili meninjau kawasan 

pencerapan meteorologi di Stesen 

Meteorologi Miri pada 7 Disember 2008 

Y.B. Minister of MOSTI, Datuk Dr. Maximus 

Johnity Ongkili visits the meteorological 

farm at Miri Meteorological Station on 7 

December 2008 

In October 2008, the construction of a new office 

building consists of the administrative office and 

weather forecast office had begun. This new building is 

situated at the Kuching International Airport and will be 

completed in early 2010. 

In 2008, a new weather radar station at Miri is under 

construction. The radar station is expected to be 

completed in 2010. 

Sambutan Hari Meteorologi Sedunia di Bangunan Sultan 

Iskandar, Kuching pada 23 Mac 2008 

World Meteorological Day celebration at Bangunan 

Sultan Iskandar, Kuching on 23 March 2008

pejabat Meteorologi sabah 

Pejabat Meteorologi Sabah terdiri daripada Pejabat 

Pentadbiran Negeri dan Pejabat Ramalan Kota Kinabalu 

(PRKK). Pejabat Pentadbiran Negeri mengurus PRKK, 

empat stesen meteorologi utama di Kota Kinabalu, 

Kudat, Sandakan dan Tawau, dua stesen udara atas 

di Kota Kinabalu dan Tawau, dua radar cuaca di Kota 

Kinabalu dan Sandakan dan lima stesen seismologi di 

Lawa Mandau, Kudat, Telupid, Tawau dan Lahad Datu. 

Fungsi PRKK termasuk membekalkan ramalan cuaca 

dan amaran cuaca buruk untuk penerbangan awam 

dan tentera, aktiviti marin, media massa, agensi 

pengurusan bencana dan orang awam di Sabah serta 

memantau aktiviti seismik dan amaran awal tsunami 

bagi negeri dan membekalkan maklumat klimatologi 

yang dikehendaki oleh pelanggan. 

Pada 2008, stesen meteorologi telah dibina di Keningau 

dan dijangka akan beroperasi pada pertengahan 

2009. 

Sebagai sebahagian daripada program pendidikan 

dan kesedaran awam, Pejabat Meteorologi Sabah 

juga mengambil bahagian dalam pameran di Pesta 

Kaamatan Daerah Kota Marudu yang diadakan pada 

22 - 27 Mei 2008 dan dirasmikan oleh Y.B. Menteri 

Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi. Pejabat Meteorologi Sabah 

juga mengambil bahagian dalam pameran sempena 

Penutupan Perayaan Hari Pesta Menuai di Penampang 

pada 29 - 31 Mei 2008, dan Pameran Minggu Sains, 

Teknologi & Inovasi (MISTI MOSTI) di Kota Kinabalu pada 

14 – 17 Ogos 2008. 



sabah Meteorological office 

The Sabah Meteorological Office consists of the State 

Administrative Office and the Kota Kinabalu Forecast 

Office (KKFO). The State Administrative Office manages 

the KKFO, four meteorological stations located at Kota 

Kinabalu, Kudat, Sandakan and Tawau, two upper 

air stations located at Kota Kinabalu and Tawau, two 

weather radars located at Kota Kinabalu and Sandakan 

and five seismological stations located at Lawa Mandau, 

Kudat, Telupid, Tawau and Lahad Datu. 

The functions of Kota Kinabalu Forecast Office include 

providing weather forecasts and severe weather 

warnings for civil and military aviation, marine activities, 

mass media, disaster management agencies and the 

general public in Sabah as well as to monitor seismic 

activities and provide early warnings of tsunami for the 

state and to provide climatological information required 

by the clients. 

In 2008, a meteorological station is being built at 

Keningau and the station is expected to begin operations 

by the middle of 2009. 

Pembinaan Stesen 

Meteorologi Keningau 

Construction of Keningau 

Meteorological Station 

As part of its public awareness and education 

programme, the Sabah Meteorological Office took part 

in the exhibition at Pesta Kaamatan Daerah Kota Marudu 

from 22 - 27 of May 2008 which was officially launched 

by the Honorable Minister of Science, Technology and 

Innovation. Sabah Meteorological Office also took part 

in an exhibition in conjunction with Penutupan Perayaan 

Hari Pesta Menuai which was at Penampang from 29 - 

31 May 2008 and Pameran Minggu Sains, Teknologi & 

Inovasi (MISTI MOSTI) which was held in Kota Kinabalu 

from 14 – 17 August 2008. 

41

42 

Y.B. Menteri MOSTI, Datuk Dr. Maximus Johnity 

Ongkili melawat pameran JMM sempena sambutan 

Pesta Kaamatan pada 25 Mei 2008 

Y.B. Minister of MOSTI, Datuk Dr. Maximus Johnity 

Ongkili visited MMD exhibition in conjunction with 

Pesta Kaamatan Festival on 25 May 2008 

peMbenihan aWan 

Dalam tahun 2008, operasi pembenihan awan tidak 

diperlukan kerana keadaan cuaca yang lembap dalam 

negara. 

Bagi mempertingkatkan kemahiran dan pengetahuan 

kakitangan, ‘Training Course on Cloud Model Application 

for Simulation and Related Rainfall Processess as well 

as Air Quality Studies’ telah diadakan pada 23 – 25 

September 2008 di Ibu Pejabat JMM dan disertai 30 

orang pegawai kajicuaca. Pakar dari Hydrometeorological 

Service, Republic of Macedonia, Dr. Vlado Spridonov 

telah memperkenalkan simulasi model pembentukan 

awan dan kajian kualiti udara semasa kursus latihan 

itu. 

Bagi meningkatkan kecekapan dan keberkesanan operasi 

pembenihan awan, perolehan Pejabat Meteorologi 

Bergerak telah dilaksanakan dan dijadualkan siap pada 

tahun 2009. Ia terdiri daripada dua buah kenderaan 

yang dilengkapi dengan peralatan pencerapan dan 

ramalan serta radar cuaca 3 cm. Pencerapan cuaca 

di lokasi sebelum, semasa dan selepas sesuatu 

operasi pembenihan awan akan dapat meningkatkan 

keberkesanan operasi pembenihan awan. 


Pameran sempena Minggu Sains “MISTI MOSTI” 

di Kota Kinabalu pada 14-17 Ogos 2008 

Exhibition during Science Week “MISTI MOSTI” 

at Kota Kinabalu on 14-17 August 2008 

cloud seeding 

In 2008, no cloud seeding operations was required 

because of wetter weather conditions in our country. 

To improve the skill and knowledge of the staff doing 

cloud seeding, a ‘Training Course on Cloud Model 

Application for Simulation and Related Rainfall 

Processes as well as Air Quality Studies’ was held from 

23 – 25 September 2008 at MMD headquarters. It 

was participated by 30 meteorological officers. An 

expert from Hydrometeorological Service, Republic of 

Macedonia, Dr. Vlado Spiridonov, introduced the cloud 

formation simulation model and air quality study during 

the training course. 

To increase the cloud seeding operation efficiency 

and effectiveness, procurement of a Mobile Forecast 

Office was carried out and scheduled to be completed 

by 2009. It consists of two vehicles equipped with 

observation and forecasting instruments as well as a 3 

cm weather radar. In-situ weather observation before, 

during and after cloud seeding operations will improve 

the effectiveness of cloud seeding operation. 

Pejabat Meteorologi Bergerak 

Mobile Forecast Office

MeTeoroLogi LauTan dan oseanografi 

Pemantauan unsur-unsur oseanografi seperti ombak, 

alun dan keadaan laut merupakan salah satu daripada 

aktiviti teras JMM. Jabatan kini telah mengoperasikan 

model ombak MRI-III, model luruan ribut JMA dan model 

tumpahan minyak. Ketiga-tiga model baru tersebut 

dapat mempertingkatkan keupayaan JMM untuk 

memantau dan meramal keadaan ombak, luruan ribut 

dan pergerakan tumpahan minyak di perairan negara. 

Bagi menampung kekurangan data oseanografi seperti 

ombak dan arus, JMM telah memulakan pelaksanaan 

projek Rangkaian Sistem Meteorologi Lautan (RSML) 

yang melibatkan pemasangan empat ADCP (Acoustic 

Doppler Current Profiler) di perairan Pulau Pangkor, Jeti 

Pusat Penyelidikan Marin Borneo Universiti Malaysia 

Sabah Kota Kinabalu, Pulau Mabul Semporna dan Pulau 

Perhentian di Terengganu. ADCP berupaya mengukur 

parameter-parameter marin seperti ombak, arus dan 

ketinggian paras laut. RSML dapat meningkatkan lagi 

keupayaan Jabatan untuk memantau keadaan laut dan 

mengeluarkan amaran angin kencang dan laut bergelora 

di perairan negara. 

Produk Model Ombak MRI-III 

MR-III Wave Model Product 



Peserta (Participants) Training 

Course on Cloud Model Application 

for Simulation and Related Rainfall 

Processess as well as Air Quality 

Studies 

Marine Meteorology and oceanography 

Monitoring oceanographic elements such as wave, swell 

and other sea condition is one of the main functions 

of the MMD. The department currently runs the MRI 

III Wave Model, JMA Storm Surge Model and Oil Spill 

Model. These three new models enable the MMD to 

enhance its capability on monitoring and forecasting 

wave conditions, storm surge and oil spill trajectories in 

the national waters. 

In order to overcome the lack of in-situ oceanographic 

data such as wave and current information, the MMD has 

initiated the implementation of a Marine Meteorological 

System Network (MMSN) which involves the installation 

of four units of ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) 

at Pulau Pangkor waters, jetty of Borneo Marine 

Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Pulau 

Mabul Semporna and Pulau Perhentian, Terengganu. 

ADCP is capable of measuring marine parameters such 

as wave, current and sea level height. The MMSN 

can significantly improve the MMD’s capability in sea 

condition monitoring for the issuance of rough seas and 

strong wind warnings over the Malaysian waters. 

Pelayaran Kapal RV-Mirai 

Expidition of RV-Mirai Ship 

43

JMM juga terlibat dalam Pelayaran Penyelidikan RV- 

Mirai Tropical Ocean Climate Study (TOCS) anjuran 

Japan Agency For Marine-Earth Science and Technology 

(JAMSTEC). Pelayaran ini bermula dari Pelabuhan 

Nakagusuku, Okinawa pada 25 Januari 2008 merentasi 

Selat Melaka, timur Lautan Hindi dan berakhir di 

Pelabuhan Yokohama, Jepun pada 25 Februari 2008. 

Tujuan utama pelayaran ini dilakukan ialah untuk 

mengumpul data lautan-atmosfera. 

MeTeoroLogi aLaM sekiTar 

JMM menyediakan perkhidmatan mengenai meteorologi 

pencemaran udara dan memantau parameter 

atmosfera secara berterusan menerusi 23 buah stesen 

pemantauannya. Parameter yang diukur ialah: 

44 

i. Komposisi kimia air hujan 

ii. Kadar mendapan kering 

iii. Kandungan aerosol dalam atmosfera 

iv. Kepekatan gas berasid dan reaktif 

v. Pekali serakan aerosol 

vi. Ciri-ciri penyerapan cahaya aerosol 

vii. Kedalaman optik aerosol 

viii. Kepekatan ozon di seluruh atmosfera 

ix. Radiasi UV 

x. Pencemar organik tetap (POPs) 

xi. Kepekatan karbon dioksida latar 

JMM telah memproses sebanyak 1966 permintaan 

daripada agensi kerajaan, institusi pendidikan tinggi, 

para penyelidik dan sektor swasta untuk mendapatkan 

data, maklumat dan khidmat nasihat meteorologi alam 

sekitar. 

JMM juga terlibat dalam program pemantauan dan 

penyelidikan dengan institusi dan organisasi saintifik 

antarabangsa seperti Acid Deposition Monitoring 

Network in East Asia (EANET), Southern Hemisphere 

ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ), WMO GAW World 

Calibration Centre for Physical Aerosol Properties 

(WCCPAP), Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling 

(GAPS) dan World Optical Depth Research and 

Calibration Centre (WORCC). 


Kapal RV-Mirai 

RV-Mirai Ship 

The MMD also participated in the RV-Mirai Tropical 

Ocean Climate Study (TOCS) research expiditon 

organised by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science 

and Technology (JAMSTEC). The expidition commenced 

from Port Nakagusuku, Okinawa on 25 January 2008, 

through the Straits of Malacca, east Indian Ocean, and 

ended at Port Yokohama, Japan on 25 February 2008. 

The main objective of the expiditon is to collect ocean 

and atmospheric data. 

enVironMental Meteorology 

The MMD provides services on meteorological aspects of 

air pollution and continuously monitors the atmospheric 

parameters through its 23 air pollution monitoring 

stations. Among the parameters measured are: 

i. Chemical composition of rainwater 

ii. Dry deposition rate 

iii. Aerosol content of the atmosphere 

iv. Reactive and acidic gas concentrations 

v. Aerosol scattering coefficient 

vi. Aerosol light absorption properties 

vii. Aerosol optical depth 

viii. Ozone concentrations throughout the 

atmosphere 

ix. UV radiation 

x. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) 

xi. Background carbon dioxide concentration 

In 2008, the MMD had provided services to a total of 

1966 requests from government agencies, institutes 

of higher learning, researchers and private sectors for 

data, information and advisory services on environmental 

meteorology. 

The MMD is also engaged in monitoring and research 

programme with international scientific Organisations 

and institutes such as the Acid Deposition Monitoring 

Network in East Asia (EANET), Southern Hemisphere 

ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ), WMO GAW World 

Calibration Centre for Physical Aerosol Properties 

(WCCPAP), Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling 

(GAPS) and World Optical Depth Research and 

Calibration Centre (WORCC).

JMM juga terlibat secara langsung dengan Projek 

Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above 

a South-East Asian Tropical Rain Forest (OP3). Projek 

penyelidikan ini melibatkan lapan institusi di United 

Kingdom, Kementerian Sumbar Asli dan Alam Sekitar 

Malaysia, JMM, Yayasan Sabah dan Universiti Malaysia 

Sabah.Majlis pelancaran OP3 ini telah dirasmikan secara 

bersama oleh Y.B. Menteri Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi 

dan Y.B. Menteri Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar di Kota 

Kinabalu pada 12 Julai 2008. Sempena pelancaran ini, 

Y.B. Menteri Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi, Y.B. Menteri 

Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar dan HE Boyd McCleary, 

Britisih High Commissioner telah dibawa melawat 

pesawat penyelidikan yang digunakan iaitu jenis BAe 

146 Facility For Airborne Atmospheric Measurements 

(FAAM). Majlis ini juga telah disusuli oleh satu seminar 

tentang perkembangan Projek OP3 di Shangri-La’s 

Tanjong Aru Resort, Kota Kinabalu. 

Pesawat penyelidikan, BAe 146 

Facility Airborne Atmospheric 

Measurements (FAAM) yang 

digunakan dalam projek OP3 

Research plane, BAe- 

146 Facility For Airborne 

Atmospheric Measurements 

(FAAM) used in the OP3 project 



The MMD is also directly involved in the Oxidant and 

Particle Photochemical Processes above a South- 

East Asian Tropical Rain Forest (OP3) Project. This is 

a research project between the eight United Kingdom 

institutions, Ministry of Natural Resources and the 

Environment Malaysia, the MMD, Yayasan Sabah and 

Universiti Malaysia Sabah.The OP3 project was launched 

by Y.B. Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation 

(MOSTI) and Y.B. Minister of Natural Resources 

and Environment (NRE) at Kota Kinabalu on 12 July 

2008. During the event, Y.B. Minister MOSTI and Y.B. 

Minister NRE as well as HE Boyd McCleary, Britisih High 

Commissioner were invited to visit the BAe 146 Facility 

For Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) 

plane used for research measurements. The event was 

followed by a seminar regarding the development of 

OP3 Project at Shangri-La’s Tanjong Aru Resort, Kota 

Kinabalu. 

Para saintis dan penyelidik dalam Projek 

Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes 

(OP3) di Stesen GAW Lembah Danum 

Scientists and researchers in Oxidant and 

Particle Photochemical Processes (OP3) 

Project at GAW Station in Danum Valley 

45

46 

Lawatan Teknikal Dr.Marcel Van Der Schoot, 

saintis dari Commonwealth Scientific and 

Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) ke 

Stesen GAW Lembah Danum, Sabah 

Technical visit of Dr.Marcel Van Der Schoot, 

scientist from the Commonwealth Scientific and 

Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) to GAW 

Station Lembah Danum, Sabah 

Dalam tahun 2008, JMM juga menjadi tuan rumah 

kepada bebarapa pakar luar negara untuk berkongsi 

pengetahuan dan pengalaman dalam meteorologi alam 

sekitar seperti berikut: 

i) Dr. Hiroyuki Sase dan Dr. Tatsuya Sakurai dari 

EANET pada 5-8 Januari 2008. 

ii) Mr. Ken Lamb, pakar Brewer Spectrophotometer 

dari International Ozone Services (IOS) pada 18- 

21 Mac 2008. 

iii) Dr. Ann Webb dari University of Manchester, UK 

dan Dr. Mario Blumthaler dari Innsbruck Medical 

University pada 3 April 2008. 

iv) Prof. Dr. Alfred Wedensohler dan Dr. Thomas 

Tuch, pakar aerosol dari Leibniz Institute for 

Tropospheric Research (IFT) serta Dr. Jorg 

Klausen dan Dr. Christoph Zellweger, pakar ozon 

dari Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials 

Testing and Research (EMPA) pada 1-3 Julai 

2008. 

v) Dr. Marcel Van Der Schoot, saintis dari 

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research 

Organisation (CSIRO) pada 23-27 November 

2008. 

daTa dan MakLuMaT kaJi ikLiM 

Data cuaca permukaan setiap jam yang diperolehi di 

seluruh negara diarkibkan dalam pangkalan data iklim 

negara. Elemen cuaca yang direkod ialah kerpasan, 

suhu udara, kelajuan dan arah angin, kelembapan 

relatif, purata tekanan aras laut, litupan awan, radiasi 

solar, sejatan serta fenomena cuaca yang mempunyai 

nilai sejarah. Data udara atas yang dicerap di 8 stesen 

udara atas juga diarkib untuk kegunaan generasi akan 

datang. 


Lawatan teknikal En. Ken Lamb, pakar 

Brewer Spectrophotometer dari International 

Ozone Services (IOS), Kanada ke Stesen 

Meteorologi Alam Sekitar di Petaling Jaya 

Technical visit of Mr. Ken Lamb, Brewer 

Spectrophotometer expert from 

International Ozone Services (IOS), Canada 

to Environmental Meteorological Station at 

Petaling Jaya 

In 2008, MMD also played host to a number of foreign 

experts to share their knowledge and experiences in 

environmental meteorology as below: 

i) Dr. Hiroyuki Sase and Dr. Tatsuya Sakurai from 

EANET on 5-8 January 2008. 

ii) Mr. Ken Lamb, Brewer Spectrophotometer 

expert from International Ozone Services (IOS) on 

18-21 March 2008. 

iii) Dr. Ann Webb from University of Manchester, UK 

and Dr. Mario Blumthaler from Innsbruck Medical 

University on 3 April 2008. 

iv) Prof. Dr. Alfred Wedensohler and Dr. Thomas 

Tuch, aerosol expert from Leibniz Institute for 

Tropospheric Research (IFT) and Dr. Jorg Klausen 

and Dr. Christoph Zellweger, ozone expert from 

Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing 

and Research (EMPA) on 1-3 July 2008. 

v) Dr. Marcel Van Der Schoot, scientist from 

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research 

Organisation (CSIRO) on 23-27 November 

2008. 

data and cliMatological inForMation 

Hourly surface weather data that are gathered 

throughout the whole country are archived in the national 

climate database. The weather elements recorded 

are precipitation, air temperature, wind speed and 

direction, relative humidity, mean sea level pressure, 

cloud cover, solar radiation, evaporation and observed 

weather phenomena that are of historical values. The 

upper air data recorded at the 8 upper air stations are 

also archived for use by the future generations.

Sebanyak 4,419 permintaan maklumat dan data iklim 

telah diterima pada 2008. Peratusan permintaan 

tertinggi adalah dari sektor perundangan iaitu 40%, 

diikuti oleh agensi kerajaan 30%, agensi swasta 16% 

dan 14% dari institusi pendidikan. Kutipan hasil juga 

telah dilaksanakan secara e-payment melalui internet. 

 

 

 

 

Statistik pelanggan perkhidmatan kaji iklim 

Customer statistics of climate services 

Bagi membantu meningkatkan kesediaan negara 

dalam menghadapi pelbagai isu berkaitan perubahan 

iklim, Program Pemantauan Perubahan Iklim telah 

dilaksanakan untuk memantau dan mengesan 

perubahan iklim negara terutamanya dari segi 

peningkatan suhu dan perubahan iklim secara 

keseluruhannya. Selaras dengan pelaksanaan program 

ini, sebuah laman web pemantauan iklim telah 

dibangunkan untuk diakses oleh orang ramai melalui 

laman web utama JMM. 

MeTeoroLogi perTanian 

Buletin Analisis dan Tinjauan Agroklimatik dikeluarkan 

setiap bulan mengandungi tinjauan 4 minggu pada 

bulan tersebut. Buletin Meteorologi Pertanian 10 Hari 

diterbitkan untuk kegunaan sektor pertanian pada 

setiap 10 hari. Buletin ini memberikan analisis terhadap 

elemen-elemen cuaca untuk tempoh 10 hari yang lepas 

dan ramalan cuaca untuk 10 hari akan datang bagi 

membantu perancangan pertanian, penyediaan 

tanah, penanaman dan penggunaan baja serta racun 

tanaman. 

Kempen kesedaran awam diadakan sempena Hari 

Meteorologi Sedunia yang mana pameran telah diadakan 

pada 22 Mac 2008 di beberapa buah stesen agrometeorologi 

bagi memperkenalkan kegunaan maklumat 

agro-meteorologi. JMM juga turut terlibat dalam 



A total of 4,419 requests for climate information and 

data were received in 2008. The largest requests 

were from the legal sector about 40%, followed by 

government agencies at 30%, whilst 16% were from 

private agencies and 14% from educational institutions. 

Revenue collection was processed by means of 

e-payment through the internet. 

 

 

 

 

In helping to enhance the country’s readiness in facing 

issues related to climate change, a Climate Change 

Monitoring Programme was conducted to observe 

and detect changes in the country’s climate especially 

in temperature rise and the overall climate change. In 

line with the execution of this programme, a website 

on climate observation was developed for public access 

through MMD main website. 

agroMeteorology 

Agroclimatic Analysis and Outlook bulletin is published 

each month which contains weather outlook for 4 

weeks for that month. A 10-Day Meteorology Bulletin 

is also published every 10 days for the benefit of 

agriculture users. This bulletin provides an analysis 

of weather elements for the past 10 days period and 

weather outlook for the next 10 days period as to 

enable agricultural planning, land preparation, planting 

and application of manure and pesticide. 

Public awareness campaigns were held in conjunction 

with programmes such as the World Meteorological 

Day which was held in 22 March 2008 at some of 

the agro-meteorological stations to promote the 

use of agro-meteorological information. The MMD 

47

Pameran Pertanian, Hortikultur dan Agro Pelancongan 

Malaysia (MAHA 2008) ke 5 yang berlangsung mulai 

11 hingga 23 Ogos 2008 di Taman Ekspo Pertanian 

Malaysia Serdang (MAEPS). Pengunjung terdiri 

daripada usahawan pertanian, petani, pelajar sekolah 

dan kolej serta orang awam. Pameran tersebut telah 

membolehkan mereka memahami akan kepentingan 

maklumat meteorologi dalam industri pertanian 

termasuk bagi meningkatkan hasil tanaman. 

Dalam usaha meningkatkan perkhidmatan dalam 

industri akuakultur, JMM turut membekalkan maklumat 

seperti imej ketepuan klorofil, suhu permukaan laut dan 

ramalan cuaca kepada industri perikanan di sekitar 

Pulau Langkawi bagi membantu mereka membuat 

perancangan dan meningkatkan operasi ternakan ikan. 

48 


also participated in the 5th Malaysia Agriculture, 

Horticulture, and Agro Tourism (MAHA 2008) held from 

11th to 23rd August 2008 at the Malaysia Agriculture 

Exhibition Park Serdang (MAEPS). The visitors comprise 

agriculture entrepreneurs, farmers, college and school 

students and the public. The exhibition is to enable 

them to understand the importance of meteorological 

information for agricultural industry including to improve 

crop yield. 

In its effort to extend the department’s services to the 

aquaculture industry, the MMD provides information 

such as chlorophyll concentration imageries, sea surface 

temperature and weather forecasts to the fisheries 

industry at Langkawi Island to help them improve their 

planning and fish rearing operations. 

Kempen kesedaran awam sempena Hari Meteorologi Sedunia di Stesen Meteorologi Lubuk Merbau pada 22 Mac 2008 

The Public awareness campaign in conjunction with World Meteorological Day at Lubuk Merbau Meteorological Station on 22 

March 2008 

Pameran Pertanian, Hortikultur dan Agro Pelancongan Malaysia (MAHA 2008) Ke-5 pada 11-23 Ogos 2008 

The Fifth Agriculture, Horticulture and Agrotourism Malaysia Exhibition on 11-23 August 2008

seisMologi dan tsUnaMi 

se i s M o l o g y an d ts U n a M i

seisMoLogi dan TsunaMi 

50 

SEISMOLOgI dan TSunaMI 

se i s M o l o g y an d ts U n a M i 

Sejak tahun 2005, Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia telah 

mewujudkan Pusat Amaran Awal Tsunami Nasional 

(PAATNM) yang beroperasi 24 x 7 yang bertempat di Ibu 

Pejabat JMM di Petaling Jaya dengan tujuan memantau 

aktiviti gempa bumi di negara ini dan kawasan serantau. 

PAATNM mengeluarkan maklumat gempa bumi dan 

amaran tsunami kepada agensi-agensi pengurusan 

bencana yang berkaitan, media dan orang awam. 

Sepanjang tahun 2008, sejumlah 31 kejadian gempa 

bumi telah dikesan berlaku di dalam negara dan 994 

kejadian di luar negara. JMM telah berjaya mengeluarkan 

95% maklumat awal gempa bumi dalam tempoh kurang 

15 minit selepas kejadian gempa bumi. Waspada 

Tsunami telah dikeluarkan bagi kawasan pantai di selatan 

Sabah semasa kejadian gempa bumi kuat bermagnitud 

7.6 berlaku di kawasan laut berdekatan dengan 

Semenanjung Minahassa Timur pada 17 November 

2008 jam 1.03 pagi. Waspada Tsunami tersebut telah 

dibatalkan apabila analisis lanjut mendapati gempa bumi 

tersebut tidak mewujudkan tsunami di rantau tersebut. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Di bawah Projek Kajian Bencana dan Risiko Seismik 

dan Tsunami di Malaysia, JMM telah menubuhkan dua 

buah stesen pemantauan strong motion (Structural 

Monitoring Station) di bangunan Perbadanan Putrajaya 

bagi mengesan sebarang gegaran bangunan yang 

disebabkan oleh aktiviti gempa bumi. Data gegaran 


seisMology and tsunaMi 

Since 2005, the Malaysian Meteorological Department 

operates a 24 x 7 Malaysian National Tsunami Early 

Warning Centre (MNTEWC) which is located at the MMD 

Headquarters in Petaling Jaya to monitor earthquake 

activities occurring in the country and surrounding 

regions. The MNTEWC provides earthquake information 

and issues tsunami advisories and warnings to the 

relevant disaster management agencies, media and the 

public. 

Throughout 2008, a total of 31 earthquake occurrences 

in the country and about 994 earthquake occurrences 

outside the country were detected. The MMD 

successfully issued 95% of preliminary earthquake 

information within 15 minutes after the occurrence of 

an earthquake. A Tsunami Advisory was issued for the 

coastal areas of southern Sabah when a magnitude 

7.6 earthquake struck off the coast of East Minahassa 

Peninsular at 1.03am on 17 November 2008. 

The Tsunami Advisory was cancelled when further 

information showed the earthquake did not cause a 

tsunami in the region. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kejadian gempa bumi bulanan bagi tahun 2008 

Monthly earthquake events in 2008 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Under the Seismic And Tsunami Hazards and Risks 

Study In Malaysia project, MMD had installed two 

strong motion stations (Structural Monitoring Station) in 

the Perbadanan Putrajaya building to detect structural 

vibrations of the building caused by earthquake activities. 

The recorded vibration data will be utilised by researchers

yang direkodkan akan digunakan oleh para penyelidik 

dan jurutera tempatan dalam kajian tindakan balas 

struktur bangunan. JMM juga membekalkan data 

seismologi yang lain dan khidmat nasihat mengenai 

isu-isu seismologi dan tsunami kepada agensi-agensi 

kerajaan dan orang awam. 



and local engineers in the study of structural behaviour 

of buildings. MMD also provides other seismological 

data and advisory services on seismology and tsunami 

issues to government agencies and the public. 

Pemasangan alat Strong Motion Accelerograph di bangunan Perbadanan Putrajaya 

Strong Motion Accelerograph instrument installation at Putrajaya Corporation building 

Pengetahuan mengenai risiko bencana gempa bumi dan 

tsunami serta tindakan yang perlu diambil oleh pihakpihak 

yang terlibat adalah amat penting untuk difahami 

apabila satu amaran tsunami dikeluarkan. Justeru, 

JMM dengan kerjasama Majlis Keselamatan Negara 

(MKN) telah menjalankan kempen kesedaran awam 

mengenai bencana gempa bumi dan tsunami secara 

berperingkat-peringkat bermula pada pertengahan 

tahun 2008 bagi negeri-negeri terlibat di Semenanjung 

iaitu Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang dan Perak; Ranau, 

Kudat, Sandakan dan Tawau di Sabah serta Kuching, 

Miri dan Bintulu di Sarawak. Sambutan terhadap 

kempen yang dijalankan adalah amat menggalakkan di 

mana lebih 2000 peserta yang hadir terdiri dari wakil 

agensi kerajaan dan swasta, media, ketua masyarakat 

dan penduduk awam. 

Pegawai-pegawai JMM juga mengadakan ceramah dan 

taklimat mengenai bahaya dan risiko gempa bumi dan 

tsunami serta mengenai Sistem Amaran Awal Tsunami 

Nasional Malaysia atas jemputan daripada agensi 

kerajaan dan bukan kerajaan. 

It is crucial to understand the earthquake hazards and 

tsunami risks as well as the right actions to be taken by 

all the parties involved when a tsunami warning is issued. 

Hence, MMD in collaboration with the National Security 

Council (NSC) conducted public awareness campaigns 

on earthquake and tsunami hazards for the tsunami risk 

areas from mid 2008 in the states of Perlis, Kedah, 

Penang and Perak in the Peninsula; Ranau, Kudat, 

Sandakan and Tawau in Sabah; as well as Kuching, Miri 

and Bintulu in Sarawak. The response towards the 

campaigns was found to be very encouraging with over 

2000 participants comprising government and private 

agencies representatives, media, heads of community 

and the civilian population. 

MMD officers also conduct lectures and talks on 

earthquake and tsunami hazards and risks as well 

as on the Malaysian National Tsunami Early Warning 

System on the invitation of other government and nongovernment 

agencies. 

Kempen Kesedaran Awam di 

Kangar, Perlis pada 21 Julai 2008 

Public Awareness Campaign in 

Kangar, Perlis on 21 July 2008 

51

Bagi meningkatkan kerjasama antarabangsa dan 

keupayaan sumber manusia, JMM telah menganjurkan 

beberapa mesyuarat/seminar/latihan berkaitan 

seismologi dan tsunami seperti berikut: 

52 

i) The 5th Session of the Intergovernmental 

Coordination Group for Indian Ocean Tsunami 

Warning and Mitigation System (ICG/IOTWS-V) 

di Pusat Konvensyen Antarabangsa Putrajaya 

(PICC) pada 8 - 10 April 2008. 

ii) Training Workshop on Seismology and Tsunami 

Warning Centre Standard Operating Procedure 

(TWC SOP) di Ibu Pejabat JMM, Petaling Jaya 

pada 25 - 29 Ogos 2008. 

iii) 2nd International Roundtable on Earthquake 

and Tsunami Hazards and Risks in Southeast 

Asia, South China Sea and Western Pacific 

Marginal Seas Region, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah di 

Pacific Sutera Habour Resort, Kota Kinabalu, 

Sabah pada 6 - 8 Oktober 2008. 

iv) Latihamal Tsunami Pacific Wave08 Exercise pada 

29 Oktober 2008 


To enhance international collaboration and capacity 

building, MMD had involved in organising meeting/ 

seminar/workshop related to seismology and tsunami 

as below: 

i) The 5th Session of the Intergovernmental 

Coordination Group for Indian Ocean Tsunami 

Warning and Mitigation System (ICG/IOTWS-V) 

at the Putrajaya International Convention Centre 

(PICC) on 8 - 10 April 2008. 

ii) Training Workshop on Seismology and Tsunami 

Warning Centre Standard Operating Procedure 

(TWC SOP) at MMD HQ, Petaling Jaya on 25 

- 29 August 2008. 

iii) 2nd International Roundtable on Earthquake 

and Tsunami Hazards and Risks in Southeast 

Asia, South China Sea and Western Pacific 

Marginal Seas Region, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah at 

Pacific Sutera Habour Resort, Kota Kinabalu, 

Sabah on 6 - 8 October 2008. 

iv) Tsunami Drill Pacific Wave08 Exercise on 29 

October 2008 

Gambar delegasi mesyuarat ICG/IOTWS bersama Y.B. Menteri MOSTI 

Photo of the delegates of ICG/IOTWS meeting with Y.B. Minister of MOSTI 

Delegasi Mesyuarat ICG/IOTWS 

di Dewan Mesyuarat, PICC 

Delegates of ICG/IOTWS Meeting 

at the Meeting Hall, PICC

angkaian pemantauan gempa bumi dan Tsunami 

JMM telah menjalankan aktiviti pemantauan gempa 

bumi tempatan, serantau dan antarabangsa sejak tahun 

1976. Susulan daripada kejadian tsunami pada 26 

Disember 2004, MOSTI melalui agensi pelaksananya, 

JMM telah membangunkan Sistem Amaran Awal 

Tsunami Nasional Malaysia (SAATNM) pada tahun 

2005 untuk memantau sebarang kejadian gempa bumi 

dan mengeluarkan maklumat amaran tsunami kepada 

penduduk kawasan pantai. 

SAATNM dilengkapi dengan beberapa komponen 

penting yang terdiri dari komponen Pemantauan dan 

Pengesanan, Pemprosesan dan Integrasi Data serta 

komponen Penyebaran Awam. 

Pada tahun 2008, sebanyak 14 buah stesen seismik 

telah dilengkapi dengan peralatan pengesan gempa 

bumi bagi memantau sebarang aktiviti gempa bumi 

yang berlaku di dalam dan di luar negara secara masa 

nyata. Di Ibu Pejabat JMM Petaling Jaya, data seismik 

masa nyata yang diterima dari stesen seismik melalui 

komunikasi satelit VSAT diproses dan dianalisis dengan 

menggunakan perisian Antelope bagi menentukan 

parameter gempa bumi seperti magnitud dan lokasi 

pusat gempa bumi . 

Perolehan maklumat paras laut masa nyata adalah 

penting bagi pemantauan tsunami. Bagi meningkatkan 

keberkesanan dan keupayaan pemantauan SAATNM, 

rangkaian pelampung tsunami telah dipasang di 

beberapa perairan utama di sekitar negara. Buat masa 

ini, satu pelampung tsunami beroperasi di perairan 

berdekatan Pulau Rondo, Indonesia manakala sebuah lagi 

pelampung tsunami telah dipasang berhampiran Pulau 

Layang-Layang di Laut China Selatan. Setiap pelampung 

ini dilengkapi dengan alat tsunameter yang dapat 

memberikan bacaan kedalaman turus air berdasarkan 

ukuran nilai tekanan dasar laut. Pelampung tsunami 

ketiga akan dipasang di Laut Sulu yang dijangkakan turut 

berpotensi untuk diancam tsunami. 

JMM turut memantau perubahan kepada paras air laut 

melalui pemerhatian dari enam buah stesen tolok pasang 

surut yang telah dipasang di Langkawi, Pulau Perak, 

Teluk Bahang dan Pulau Perhentian di Semenanjung 

serta di Kudat dan Lahad Datu di Sabah. Alat ini 

mengukur ketinggian paras air laut secara berterusan. 

Data daripada tolok pasang surut tersebut dihantar ke 

Pusat Amaran Awal Tsunami Nasional Malaysia di Ibu 

Pejabat JMM melalui satelit INMARSAT C dan dipantau 

bagi sebarang aktiviti tsunami. 



earthquake and tsunami Monitoring network 

The MMD has been carrying out monitoring activities of 

local, regional and international earthquakes since 1976. 

Following the 26 December 2004 tsunami, MOSTI 

through its implementing agency, MMD, established 

the Malaysian National Tsunami Early Warning System 

(MNTEWS) in 2005 to monitor earthquake occurrences 

and provides information and tsunami warnings to the 

coastal communities. 

The MNTEWS consists of three major components 

such as the Monitoring and Detection component, the 

Data Processing and Integration component and the 

Public Dissemination component. 

In 2008, there are a total of 14 seismic stations 

equipped with earthquake detection instruments 

monitoring real time earthquake activities occurring in 

and outside the country. At the MMD Headquarters, 

real time seismic data received from seismic stations 

via VSAT satelite are processed and analysed using 

the Antelope softwares to determine the earthquake 

parameters such as the magnitude and epicentre of an 

earthquake. 

Access to real time sea level data is vital to tsunami 

monitoring activities. To further enhance the MNTEWS 

monitoring capability and effectiveness, a network 

of tsunami buoys was established in the waters 

surrounding the country. Currently, a tsunami buoy is 

operating near Rondo Island in Indonesia, whereas the 

second buoy is located near Layang-Layang Island in the 

South China Sea. Each of these buoys is equipped with 

a tsunameter which can provide water-column heights, 

estimated from pressure measurements at the sea 

floor. A third tsunami buoy is expected to be deployed in 

the Sulu Sea which is considered a high-risk area for a 

potential tsunami. 

The MMD also monitors sea level changes through six 

tide gauge stations which have been successfully installed 

in Langkawi, Pulau Perak, Teluk Bahang and Pulau 

Perhentian in Peninsular, and in Kudat and Lahad Datu 

in Sabah. These instruments continuously measure the 

height of the sea surface. Data from the tide gauges are 

sent to the Malaysian National Tsunami Early Warning 

Centre in MMD Headquarters via INMARSAT C Satelite 

and is monitored for tsunami activities. 

53

54 


Komponen Pusat Amaran Awal Tsunami Nasional Malaysia (PAATNM) 

Malaysian National Tsunami Early Warning Centre’s (MNTEWC) Component 

PAATNM bukan sahaja menerima data tolok pasang 

surut tempatan namun turut dihubungkan dengan 

rangkaian pelampung tsunami dan tolok pasang surut 

laut antarabangsa untuk mengesan tsunami yang 

berlaku dari jauh dan mungkin mengancam pantai 

negara ini. 

Hubungan secara terus dengan Pacific Tsunami 

Warning Centre (PTWC), Hawaii dan Japan 

Meteorological Agency (JMA) telah membolehkan 

SAATNM memperolehi maklumat awal mengenai gempa 

bumi dan tsunami yang berlaku di Lautan Pasifik, Laut 

China Selatan dan Lautan Hindi. 

Komponen pemprosesan terdiri dari perisian yang 

mampu menganalisis dan memberikan maklumat 

kedudukan lokasi, kedalaman dan magnitud gempa bumi 

sebenar di dalam masa nyata. JMM turut menggunakan 

perisian yang dikhaskan untuk membangunkan pangkalan 

permodelan tsunami yang dapat menganalisis dan 

menentukan masa ketibaan dan ketinggian tsunami di 

perairan pantai Malaysia dan serantau. 

MNTEWC not only receives sea level data from the 

local tide gauges and buoys but it is also linked to the 

international tsunami buoys and tide gauge networks 

for the detection of distant tsunamis that may pose a 

threat to the Malaysian coasts. 

The direct communication links with the Pacific 

Tsunami Warning Centre (PTWC) in Hawaii and the 

Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) have enabled the 

MNTEWS to receive early information on earthquakes 

and tsunamis occurring in the Pacific Ocean, the South 

China Sea and the Indian Ocean. 

The processing component consists of software which is 

able to analyse and provide information on the location, 

depth and magnitude of an actual earthquake in real 

time. MMD also utilises softwares that specialises in 

developing a tsunami modelling database which is able 

to analyse and determine the arrival time and height 

of a tsunami at the coastline of Malaysia and the 

neighbouring regions. 

Rangkaian Stesen Seismik 

Seismic Stations Network

Lokasi kamera pantai sedia ada 

dan yang akan dipasang 

The location of existing and 

future coastal cameras. 

Penyebaran maklumat gempa bumi dan amaran awal 

tsunami kepada semua agensi pengurusan bencana 

dan orang awam adalah melalui pelbagai kaedah 

perhubungan seperti perkhidmatan SMS, telefon, talian 

hotline, faksimili, emel, media TV dan cetak. Maklumat 

gempa bumi terkini dan amaran tsunami juga dimuatkan 

di laman web JMM. 

Pada tahun 2008, JMM telah melaksanakan Fasa Kedua 

SAATNM iaitu dengan memperluaskan lagi kawasan 

pemantauan serta meningkatkan lagi keupayaan sistem 

tersebut. Skop Fasa Kedua SAATNM ini melibatkan 

penambahan tiga buah stesen seismik, 15 buah stesen 

pasang surut, 14 buah kamera pantai dan 10 buah siren 

yang dijangka siap pada penghujung Disember 2009. 

Keupayaan SAATNM turut dipertingkatkan lagi dengan 

menambah kekerapan penghantaran data pasang surut 

air untuk dipantau rapi. Perisian pemprosesan seismik 

dalam masa nyata juga telah dinaiktaraf ke versi terkini 

yang berupaya memberikan beberapa nilai tambahan 

seperti moment magnitude, Mwp dan depth phase. 

Oleh yang demikian, magnitud dan kedudukan pusat 

gempa bumi akan dapat dihitung dengan lebih tepat 

untuk disebarkan kepada orang awam dalam tempoh 

masa kurang dari 15 minit. 



Lokasi siren sedia ada 

dan akan datang 

The location of existing 

and future warning 

sirens 

Dissemination of the earthquake information and tsunami 

early warning to all involved disaster management 

agencies and the public are through the various means 

of communication such as the Short Messaging System 

(SMS), telephone, hotline, facsimile, email, TV and print 

media. Latest earthquake information and tsunami 

alerts are posted on MMD’s website. 

In 2008, MMD started the implementation of the 

Second Phase of the MNTEWS, that is, expanding the 

monitoring areas and further upgrading the capability of 

the system. The scope involves an addition of 3 seismic 

stations, installation of 15 additional tide gauge stations, 

14 coastal cameras and 10 sirens which are expected 

to be completed by the end of December 2009. The 

capability of MNTEWS is also enhanced by increasing 

the tide gauge data transmission for more detailed 

monitoring. The real-time seismic processing software 

has been upgraded to the latest version to provide extra 

parameters such as the moment magnitude, Mwp 

and depth phase. Hence, the earthquake magnitude 

and epiCentre location can be computed to provide 

more accurate and reliable information that will be 

disseminated to the public in less than 15 minutes. 

55

56 

Stesen seismik dan komponennya 

Seismic station and its components 

Dari kiri: siren, tolok pasang surut dan kamera pantai 

From left: Siren, tide gauge and coastal camera 

Pelampung tsunami di perairan Pulau Layang-Layang 

Tsunami Buoy at the Layang-Layang Island waters 

Laporan Tahunan 2008 Annual Report 2008

PenyelidiKan & PeMBangUnan teKniKal 

re s e a r C h & te C h n i C a l de v e loP M e n t

58 


PEnYELIdIKan & PEMBangunan TEKnIKaL 

penyeLidikan & peMbangunan TeknikaL 

pembangunan ramalan Cuaca numerikal 

re s e a r C h & te C h n i C a l de v e loP M e n t 

Bagi meningkatkan resolusi model ramalan cuaca 

numerikal, dua unit sistem komputer berkeupayaan tinggi 

(HPCC), SGI Altix 4700 SMP telah ditauliahkan pada 

bulan September 2008. Sistem tersebut mempunyai 

keupayaan sistem pemprosesan 128 Processors (256 

cores) bagi mengoperasikan dua sistem model iaitu 

MM5 (Fifth Generation Mesoscale Model) dan WRF 

(Weather Research Forecasting) dengan resolusi yang 

lebih tinggi iaitu 4 km bagi rantau Malaysia. Sistem 

baru ini telah meningkatkan ketepatan dan kualiti produk 

NWP JMM. 

Produk MM5, ramalan 48-jam 

kelembapan relatif pada paras 

500 hPa beresolusi 36 km 

A product of MM5, the 48-hour 

forecast of 500 hPa level relative 

humidity with 36 km resolution 

Pemodelan masa hadapan juga telah dibangunkan oleh 

JMM pada 2008 bagi unjuran iklim masa hadapan bagi 

rantau Asia Tenggara termasuk Malaysia. Ia bertujuan 

untuk menambah maklumat yang lebih terperinci 

terhadap simulasi-simulasi model iklim global yang 

dilaksanakan oleh pusat-pusat terkemuka. Maklumat 

yang lebih terperinci bagi simulasi iklim serantau adalah 

penting apabila impak dan isu adaptasi dipertimbangkan 

berhubung perubahan iklim masa hadapan. Untuk tujuan 

tersebut, JMM menggunakan model iklim serantau 

research & technical deVelopMent 

numerical Weather prediction (nWp) 

To enable numerical weather prediction model to be run 

with higher spatial resolution, two units of SGI Altix 4700 

SMP High Performance Computing Cluster (HPCC) 

were commissioned in September 2008. These new 

systems, each with 128 Processors (256 cores) allow 

the MMD to run the MM5 (Fifth Generation Mesoscale 

Model) and WRF (Weather Research Forecasting) 

numerical weather prediction models respectively with 

higher resolutions of up to 4 km over Malaysia region. 

The new systems have improved the accuracy and 

quality of the MMD’s NWP products. 

Ramalan 24-jam WRF bagi 

hujan terkumpul setiap 3 jam 

dengan resolusi 4 km 

The WRF 24-hour forecast of 

3-hourly accumulated rainfalls 

with 4 km resolution 

Future climate modelling has also been developed at the 

MMD in 2008, in particular future climate projections 

for the Southeast Asia region including Malaysia. It 

aims to add finer scale details to global climate model 

(GCM) simulations performed by leading world centres. 

Finer scale information of regional climate simulations 

are important when impact and adaptation issues are 

being considered with regards to future climate change. 

For this purpose, the MMD uses the regional climate 

model PRECIS (Providing REgional Climates for Impacts

PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies) 

yang dibekalkan oleh Hadley Centre, United Kingdom. 

Data sempadan sisi untuk model ini juga diperolehi dari 

Hadley Centre. 

Pelbagai simulasi pada resolusi mendatar 50 km telah 

dijalankan menggunakan PRECIS RCM di rantau Asia 

Tenggara dari tempoh 2001 sehingga 2099. 

penyelidikan Monsun 

Aktiviti penyelidikan yang dijalankan di JMM bertujuan 

untuk meningkatkan kefahaman kita tentang sistem 

cuaca tropika dan monsun yang membolehkan kita 

memperbaiki ramalan-ramalan cuaca termasuk ramalan 

bermusim. Sehubungan itu, dalam tahun 2008 aktiviti 

penyelidikan telah menjurus kepada dua topik utama 

iaitu impak siklon tropika di Lautan Pasifik Barat dan 

Teluk Bengala terhadap taburan hujan di Malaysia, 

dan episod-episod hujan lebat ketika monsun timur 

laut. Walaupun Malaysia tidak secara langsung dilanda 

siklon tropika, tetapi taburan hujan kita dipengaruhi oleh 

kehadiran siklon-siklon tropika ini. Penyelidikan terhadap 

episod-episod hujan lebat ketika monsun timur laut 

memfokuskan terhadap keamatan hujan disebabkan oleh 

perubahan iklim. Bagi kesan siklon tropika di perairan 

Malaysia, dua kertas kajian telah disiapkan pada tahun 

2008 seperti berikut: 

Salah satu daripada output model iklim serantau PRECIS JMM 

One of the outputs of the MMD PRECIS regional climate model 

i) The impact of tropical cyclones in the Western 

Pacific Ocean and South China Sea on the rainfall 

in Malaysia. 

ii) Relationship between maximum sustained wind 

speed and central pressure of tropical cyclones. 



Studies) provided by the Hadley Centre, United Kingdom. 

The lateral boundary conditions data needed for these 

models are also obtained from the Hadley Centre. 

A number of simulations at a horizontal resolution of 

50 km have been completed using the PRECIS RCM 

over the Southeast Asia region for the period of 2001 

to 2099. 

Monsoon research 

Research activities at the MMD are carried out with the 

objective of improving our understanding of tropical and 

monsoon weather systems in our region, which will lead 

to an improvement of the weather forecasts, including 

seasonal predictions. In this regard, research activities 

in 2008 were focused on two main topics, that is, the 

impact of tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific Ocean 

and the Bay of Bengal on the Malaysian rainfall, and the 

heavy rainfall episodes during the northeast monsoon 

season. Although Malaysia is not directly hit by tropical 

cyclones, our rainfall is significantly modulated by their 

presence. Research in the heavy rainfall episodes during 

the northeast monsoon season focused on the changes 

in rainfall intensity due to a changing climate. For the 

influence of tropical cyclones on Malaysia water, two 

research papers were completed in 2008; namely, 

i) The impact of tropical cyclones in the Western 

Pacific Ocean and South China Sea on the rainfall in 

Malaysia. 

ii) Relationship between maximum sustained wind 

speed and central pressure of tropical cyclones 

59

JMM juga mengeluarkan Laporan Cuaca Monsun 

setiap suku tahun, Ramalan Hujan Jangka Panjang 

dan mengemaskini tinjauan El-Nino secara bulanan 

yang diedarkan kepada semua agensi yang berkenaan. 

Maklumat ini digunakan oleh agensi-agensi di peringkat 

negeri dan nasional untuk merancang pengurusan 

bencana dan aktiviti sosio-ekonomi yang sensitif terhadap 

cuaca dan iklim. 

JMM bersama-sama dengan Akademi Sains Malaysia, 

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dan Universiti Malaya 

juga telah menganjurkan Konferens Kebangsaan 

Kedua tentang Extreme Weather and Climate Change: 

Understanding Science and Risk Reduction pada 14 

dan 15 Oktober di Pusat Konvensyen Antarabangsa 

dan Putrajaya (PICC). Konferens ini mempertemukan 

peserta dari Institusi Pengajian Tinggi, Agensi-agensi 

Kerajaan dan Pertubuhan Badan Bukan Kerajaan 

(NGOs) yang membincangkan hala tuju pengurangan 

risiko perubahan iklim melalui pemahaman yang lebih 

baik tentang sains yang berkaitan. 

60 


Kertas Kajian mengenai kesan siklon tropika di perairan Malaysia 

Research papers on the influence of tropical cyclone on Malaysia water 

The MMD also issues quarterly Seasonal Monsoon 

Weather Reports which were distributed to all relevant 

agencies. This information is being used by the state 

and national agencies for their disaster management 

planning and planning of socio-economic activities that 

are weather and climate sensitive. 

The MMD together with the Academy of Sciences 

Malaysia, National University of Malaysia and University 

of Malaya also organised the Second National 

Conference on Extreme Weather and Climate Change: 

Understanding Science and Risk Reduction on 14 and 

15 October at the Putrajaya International Convention 

Centre (PICC). This conference brought together 

participants from institutions of higher learning, 

government agencies and non-governmental agencies 

(NGOs) and deliberated on ways to reduce the risks 

associated with climate change through a better 

understanding of the science involved. 

Y.B. Timbalan Menteri MOSTI, Tuan 

Haji Fadillah bin Haji Yusof merasmikan 

Konferens Kebangsaan Kedua Cuaca 

Ekstrem dan Perubahan Iklim pada 15 

Oktober 2008 

Y.B. Deputy Minister of MOSTI, Tuan 

Haji Fadillah bin Haji Yusof officiated 

the Second National Conference on 

Extreme Weather and Climate Change 

on 15 October 2008

Peserta Konferens Kebangsaan Kedua 

Cuaca Ekstrem dan Perubahan Iklim pada 

14-15 Oktober 2008 

Participants of the Second National 

Conference on Extreme Weather and 

Climate Change on 14-15 October 2008 



Sidang Media Mengenai Konferens 

Kebangsaan Kedua Cuaca Ekstrem dan 

Perubahan Iklim oleh Y.B. Timbalan Menteri 

MOSTI, Tuan Haji Fadillah bin Haji Yusof 

Press conference on the Second National 

Conference on Extreme Weather and Climate 

Change by Y.B. Deputy Minister of MOSTI, 

Tuan Haji Fadillah bin Haji Yusof 

61

PeMBangUnan sUMBer & 

infrastrUKtUr 

re s o U r C e s & in f r a s t r U C t U r e 

de v e loP M e n t

64 


PEMBangunan SuMBER & InFRaSTRuKTuR 

re s o U r C e s & in f r a s t r U C t U r e de v e loP M e n t 

peMbangunan suMber & infrasTrukTur 

khidmat pengurusan 

Bajet Mengurus 

Dalam tahun 2008, JMM telah diperuntukkan sebanyak 

RM63,897,520.00 bajet mengurus yang terdiri 

daripada RM60,204,520.00 untuk perbelanjaan 

operasi manakala RM1,500,000.00 untuk Dasar Baru 

dan RM2,193,000.00 untuk One Off. 

Perbelanjaan Operasi sebenar bagi tahun tersebut ialah 

RM59,549,970.00 iaitu 98.91% daripada jumlah 

yang diperuntukkan, manakala jumlah perbelanjaan 

Dasar Baru ialah RM1,485,485.00 atau 99.03% dan 

One Off ialah RM 769,521.98 atau 35.09% daripada 

jumlah yang diperuntukkan. 

bajet pembangunan 

Peruntukan bajet pembangunan JMM untuk tahun 

2008 berjumlah RM50,000,000.00. Jumlah 

perbelanjaan sebenar ialah RM 27,216,710.36 atau 

54.4% daripada peruntukan. Perbelanjaan yang rendah 

ini disebabkan oleh beberapa projek yang tertangguh 

pelaksanaannya atau penyiapan. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

resources & inFrastructure deVelopMent 

Management service 

Operating Budget 

For the year 2008, the MMD was allocated a budget 

of RM63,897,520.00 for its operating budget, 

comprising of RM60,204,520.00 as Operational 

Expenditure, RM1,500,000.00 as New Policy (Dasar 

Baru) and RM2,193,000.00 as One Off. 

The actual Operational Expenditure for the year was 

RM59,549,970.00 which was 98.91% of the allocated 

sum. The total expenditure for New Policy (Dasar Baru) 

was RM1,485,485.00 or 99.03% and One Off was 

RM 769,521.98 or 35.09% of the allocated sum. 

development budget 

 

The MMD’s development budget for 2008 was 

RM 50,000,000. The actual expenditure was RM 

27,216,710.36 or 54.4% of the allocated funds. 

The lower expenditure was due to some projects being 

delayed in implementation or completion. 

Peruntukan dan Perbelanjaan Mengurus dan Pembangunan JMM Tahun 2008 

MMD Operating and Development Budget Allocations and Expenditure For 2008

Pembinaan Stesen Meteorologi 

Labuan yang mula beroperasi pada 

Februari 2008 

Labuan Meteorological Station 

has started operating on February 

2008 

Pembinaan Kuarters Stesen 

Meteorologi Chuping yang bermula 

pada Julai 2008 

Chuping Meteorological Station 

Quarters construction started on 

July 2008 



Pembinaan Kuarters Stesen 

Meteorologi Radar Miri yang 

disiapkan pada Julai 2008 

Miri Meteorological Radar Station 

quarters construction completed 

on July 2008 

Bangunan gas shed baru di Stesen 

Meteorologi Udara Atas Kota Bharu 

yang disiapkan pada Disember 2008 

New gas shed building at Kota Bharu 

Upper Air Meteorological Station 

completed on December 2008 

65

Teknologi Maklumat dan komunikasi 

Penambahbaikan berterusan infrastruktur ICT 

membolehkan perkhidmatan dibekalkan oleh JMM 

kepada pelanggannya. Beberapa projek yang dijalankan 

pada tahun 2008 adalah seperti berikut: 

• Membangunkan dan memasang Sistem Paparan 

LCD di semua pejabat ramalan wilayah. Sistem 

Paparan LCD digunakan bagi membolehkan 

pemantauan cuaca yang lebih berkesan dan 

pengeluaran produk ramalan cuaca yang lebih tepat. 

Paparan panel LCD ini juga digunakan untuk taklimat 

cuaca kepada pengendali operasi penerbangan. 

• Pemasangan kiosk meteorologi di lapangan terbang 

bagi penambahbaikan sistem penyampaian maklumat 

kepada orang awam di lapangan terbang tersebut. 

Sistem ini ditempatkan di balai ketibaan dan berlepas 

LTAB Langkawi, LTAB Bayan Lepas, LTAB Sultan 

Ismail Senai, LTAB Kuching dan LTAB Kota Kinabalu. 

Kiosk ini berfungsi menyampaikan maklumat terkini 

mengenai cuaca, gempa bumi dan tsunami kepada 

pengguna lapangan terbang. 

66 

Sistem paparan LCD di pejabat 

ramalan wilayah 

LCD display system at the 

regional forecast office 


information and communication technology division 

Continued improvement of the ICT infrastructure 

has enable services be delivered by the MMD to its 

customer. Several projects were carried out in 2008, 

namely: 

• Development and installation of the LCD Display 

System at all regional meteorological forecast offices. 

The LCD Display System facilitates effective weather 

monitoring and provides more accurate weather 

forecast products. The LCD display is also used to 

conduct weather briefing for personnels involved in 

flight operations. 

• The installations of meteorological kiosks at airports 

serve to enhance the information delivery system 

for the general public visiting the airports. They 

were installed at the arrival and departure halls of 

the Langkawi International Airport, Bayan Lepas 

International Airport, Sultan Ismail Senai International 

Airport, Kuching International Airport and Kota 

Kinabalu International Airport. The kiosk provides upto-date 

weather, earthquake and tsunami information 

to airport users. 

Sistem kiosk di 

lapangan terbang 

Kiosk system at the 

airports

• Membangunkan Sistem Pesanan Ringkas 

- Sistem Maklumat Meteorologi (SMS-MIS) yang 

membekalkan maklumat dan amaran berkaitan 

dengan cuaca, gempa bumi dan tsunami. 

• Menambahbaik web portal JMM bagi meningkatkan 

kecekapan dan keberkesanan sistem penyampaian 

perkhidmatan pelanggan yang dijadualkan siap pada 

pertengahan tahun 2009. 

JMM menerima hadiah saguhati bagi 

Kajian Kes Implementasi OSS bagi kategori 

infrastruktur dari Ketua Pengarah MAMPU 

pada 6 November 2008 

MMD received consolation prize for OSS 

Implementation Case Study in infrastructure 

category from MAMPU’s Director General on 

6 November 2008 

pembangunan sumber Manusia 

JMM meneruskan usaha meningkatkan kebolehan 

sumber manusia dengan melaksanakan programprogram 

pembangunan bagi membolehkan peningkatan 

kakitangan terutamanya dari segi profesionalisme dan 

keupayaan menyampaikan perkhidmatan yang berkesan 

seperti mana yang dikehendaki oleh pelanggan. 

• Latihan 

Dalam memantapkan kualiti modal insan dan 

menggalak pembelajaran berterusan, JMM 

melaksanakan Dasar Latihan Sumber Manusia 

Sektor Awam dengan memastikan setiap anggotanya 

mengikuti kursus sekurang-kurangnya tujuh hari 

setahun. Sebanyak 97% kakitangan telah menghadiri 

kursus melebihi tujuh hari dalam tahun 2008. 



• Development of the Short Messaging System 

– Meteorological Information System (SMS-MIS) to 

provide latest weather, earthquake and tsunami 

information and warnings. 

• Improvement of the MMD’s web portal towards 

providing more efficient and effective customer 

service delivery and this is targeted for completion 

by the middle of 2009. 

Kursus Pengendalian SMS-MIS 

SMS-MIS course 

human resources development 

The MMD is continuing to improve its human resource 

capability through development programmes that could 

continues improvement of its staff, in particular their 

professionalism and ability to deliver efficiently and 

effectively to the clients’ expectations. 

• Training 

In order to ensure continued human capital 

development and promote continuous learning, the 

MMD implements the Civil Sector’s Human Resource 

Training Policy which requires all the staff to attend 

courses for at least seven days in a year. In 2008, 

97% of the staff attended courses for more than 

seven days. 

67

• Pengajian Lepasan Ijazah 

68 

JMM turut menggalakkan kakitangannya melanjutkan 

pelajaran di peringkat lepasan ijazah. Dalam tahun 

2008, tiga orang pegawai kajicuaca telah memulakan 

program Sarjana dan seorang di peringkat Ijazah 

Kedoktoran. 

 

 

 

 


• Postgraduate Studies 

The MMD also encourages its officers to continue 

their education at postgraduate level. In 2008, three 

meteorological officers were sent for their Masters 

programmes and one officer was sent for the PhD 

degree. 

peratusan kakitangan yang Menghadiri kursus Mengikut bilangan hari bagi Tahun 2009 

percentage of staff attending courses by number of days in year 2008 

Kursus Pengurusan 

Data Meteorologi 

Meteorological Data 

Management Course 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peratusan kakitangan yang telah mengikuti kursus pada tahun 2008 

Percentage of staff attending courses in year 2008

program kualiti 

JMM telah melaksanakan pelbagai program kualiti bagi 

meningkatkan dan memperbaiki pengurusan dan sistem 

penyampaian perkhidmatan. Pelaksanaan pelbagai 

aktiviti berdasarkan peningkatan kualiti adalah seperti 

berikut: 

• MS ISO 9001:2000 

Pelaksanaan Sistem Pengurusan Kualiti MS 

ISO 9001:2000 telah diperluaskan ke Pejabat 

Pusat Ramalan (CFO) dan Bahagian Alatan & 

Penyelenggaraan. Pada akhir tahun 2008, proses 

dokumentasi telah dimulakan oleh kedua-dua bahagian 

ini bagi memenuhi syarat Sistem Pengurusan Kualiti 

MS ISO 9001:2000. JMM menjangkakan keduadua 

bahagian ini akan diberikan pensijilan ISO 

9001:2000 pada awal tahun 2009. 

• Quality Programmes 



Kursus Pengurusan Aset 

dan Kewangan 

Asset and Finance 

Management Course 

The MMD continuing to improve its human resource 

capability through development programmes 

that could continues improvement of its staffs, in 

particular their professionalism and ability to deliver 

efficiently and effectively to the clients expectations. 

• MS ISO 9001:2000 

Audit SIRIM QAS Sistem Pengurusan Kualiti MS ISO 

SIRIM QAS audit on Quality Management Systems MS ISO 

The implementation of Quality Management System 

MS ISO 9001:2000 has been extended to the 

Central Forecast Office (CFO) and the Maintenance 

and Instrumentation Division. By the end of the year, 

the two divisions have initiated the documentation 

process to comply with the requirements of the 

Quality Management Systems MS ISO 9001:2000. 

The MMD is expecting the two divisions to be MS 

ISO 9001:2000 certified by early 2009. 

69

• Piagam Pelanggan dan Petunjuk Prestasi Utama 

70 

JMM mengukur prestasinya dengan Petunjuk Prestasi 

Utama (KPI). KPI bagi kebanyakan perkhidmatan 

utama melepasi tahap prestasi sasaran seperti 

yang ditetapkan dalam Piagam Pelanggan pada 

tahun ini. Bagi penambahbaikan berterusan JMM 

akan meletakkan sasaran ketetapan yang tinggi bagi 

ramalan cuaca dan amaran awal. 

• Program Hari Bertemu Pelanggan 

JMM telah mengadakan 12 sesi program ”Hari 

Bertemu Pelanggan” pada 2008 bagi mengukuhkan 

hubungan antara JMM dengan pelanggannya. Ini 

termasuk media massa, orang awam dan agensi 

kerajaan. Sesi bertemu pelanggan ini mewujudkan 

hubungan kerjasama yang rapat antara JMM dan 

media massa. 

• Ceramah Nilai Murni dan Teknikal 

Sebanyak tujuh ceramah teknikal dan enam ceramah 

agama telah diadakan untuk menambahkan ilmu 

bidang teknikal dan agama kakitangan JMM bagi 

meningkatkan kualiti, integriti dan motivasi mereka. 

Salah satu ceramah adalah berkaitan “Akta 

Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994”. 

Ceramah ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan 

pengetahuan dan kesedaran kakitangan JMM 

mengenai Akta tersebut. 

“Hari Bertemu Pelanggan” bulanan 

Monthly “Meet the Clients Day” 


• Clients Charter and Key Performance Indicators 

The MMD has been measuring its performance 

through Key Performance Indicators (KPI). The 

KPI for most of its major services exceeded their 

targets as stated in its Client’s Charter for this year. 

To improve further, the MMD will be setting higher 

targets for the accuracy of its weather forecasts 

and early warnings. 

• Meet the Clients Programme 

The MMD held 12 sessions of “Meet the Clients’ 

Day” in 2008 to strengthen ties between the MMD 

and its clients. These include the mass media, 

public and government agencies. These meet client 

session have foster close partnership between the 

MMD and the mass media. 

• Technical and Moral Talks 

In 2008, the MMD held seven technical and 

six religious talks to improve the technical 

knowledge and to enhance the quality, integrity 

and motivation of its staff. 

This included a talk on “Occupational Safety and 

Health Act 1994”.The purpose is to increase 

the knowledge and awareness of the MMD staff 

about the Act.

Ceramah teknikal mengenai tsunami 

pada 21 Februari 2008 

Technical Talk on tsunami on 21 

February 2008 

• Bengkel Model Inovasi MOSTI 

Bengkel Model Inovasi MOSTI telah diadakan pada 

30 Januari hingga 2 Februari 2008 bertempat di 

Ibu Pejabat JMM, Petaling Jaya. Bengkel ini dihadiri 

oleh semua pengarah dan pegawai dari Kumpulan 

Pengurusan dan Profesional. Pensyarah yang terlibat 

terdiri daripada Dr. Samsul Bahar Bin Sadli, Pengarah 

Bahagian Inovasi dan Pengkomersialan MOSTI dan 

Prof. Dr. Mahani Binti Zainal Abidin, Ketua Pengarah 

Institut Kajian Strategik & Antarabangsa (ISIS). 

Tujuan bengkel ini diadakan adalah untuk membantu 

kakitangan JMM memahami model inovasi MOSTI. 



Ceramah mengenai “Akta Keselamatan dan 

Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994” pada 13 Jun 2008 

Talk on “Occupational Safety and Health Act 

1994” on 13 June 2008 

• MOSTI Innovational Model Workshop 

A workshop on MOSTI’s Innovational Model was held 

from 30 January to 2 February 2008 at MMD’s 

Headquarters, Petaling Jaya. The workshop was 

attended by all directors and officers from the 

Managerial and Professional Group. The speakers 

for the workshop was Dr. Samsul Bahar Bin Sadli, 

Director of Innovation and Commercial Division in 

MOSTI and Prof. Dr. Mahani Binti Zainal Abidin, 

Director General of the Institute of Strategic and 

International Studies (ISIS). The purpose of the 

workshop is to help MMD’s staff better understand 

MOSTI’s innovation model. 

Kakitangan sedang mengikuti ceramah 

daripada Prof. Dr. Mahani binti Zainal 

Abidin, Ketua Pengarah Institut Kajian 

Strategik & Antarabangsa (ISIS) 

Staff attending the talk given by Prof. 

Dr. Mahani binti Zainal Abidin, Director- 

General of Institute of Strategic and 

International Studies (ISIS) 

71

• Hari Kualiti 

72 

JMM telah menganjurkan Hari Kualiti pada 30 

Disember 2008. Pelbagai aktiviti telah dijalankan 

untuk memotivasikan kakitangan dalam memberikan 

perkhidmatan berkualiti. Beberapa hadiah telah 

disediakan untuk sambutan ini. Ini termasuk 

”Fotografi Terbaik berkaitan Meteorologi”, ”Stesen 

Meteorologi Terbaik”, ”Layanan Kakitangan Meja 

Bantuan Terbaik”, ”Kulit Buku Terbaik Laporan 

Tahunan” dan ”Laporan Terbaik KPI”. Sempena 

hari tersebut, JMM juga mengadakan ceramah 

integriti bertajuk ”Integriti dan Peningkatan Kualiti 

Penyampaian Perkhidmatan Awam”. Ceramah ini 

telah disampaikan oleh Encik Harisham bin Ibrahim 

dari Institut Integriti Malaysia (IIM) 

• Quality Day 

Pemenang Pertandingan Kualiti 2008 

2008 Quality Contest winners 


In 2008, the MMD organised its Quality Day 

on 30 December 2008. Various activities were 

conducted to motivate the staff in providing quality 

services. Several awards were presented during the 

celebration. These include the “Best Meteorology 

Related Photograph”, the “Best Meteorology Station”, 

the “Best Helpdesk Service Personnel”, the “Best 

Annual Report Cover” and the “Best KPI Report”. 

In conjunction with the Quality Day, MMD also held 

a talk on integrity entitled “Integriti dan Peningkatan 

Kualiti Penyampaian Perkhidmatan Awam”. It was 

presented by Encik Harisham bin Ibrahim from 

Institute Integriti Malaysia (IIM).

Kesedaran aWaM & PaMeran 

PU B l i C aWa r e n e s s & exhiBition

kesedaran aWaM & paMeran 

hari Meteorologi sedunia 

74 

KESEdaRan aWaM & PaMERan 

JMM telah mengadakan sambutan Hari Meteorologi 

Sedunia pada hari Sabtu 22 Mac 2008. Sambutan Hari 

Meteorologi Sedunia adalah bersempena konvensyen 

penubuhan Pertubuhan Meteorologi Sedunia dan 

Malaysia menjadi ahli pada tahun 1958. Pada tahun 

2008, tema sambutan ialah ‘Pemantauan Planet Kita 

Untuk masa Depan Yang Lebih Baik’. Sambutan tersebut 

telah berlangsung di sepuluh lokasi iaitu di Ibu Pejabat 

JMM, Pejabat Meteorologi Butterworth, Kuantan, 

Kota Kinabalu, Gong Kedak dan Kuching serta Stesen 

Meteorologi Muadzam Shah, Mersing, Chuping dan 

Kota Bharu. Jemputan terdiri daripada agensi kerajaan, 

sekolah, institusi pengajian tinggi, agensi penerbangan, 

tentera, pihak media dan orang awam. Tujuan hari 

tersebut diadakan ialah bagi meningkatkan kesedaran 

awam tentang meteorologi dan memperkenalkan Pejabat 

Meteorologi serta peranannya dalam memberi amaran 

awal, meramal dan memantau cuaca harian. Pelbagai 

aktiviti telah dijalankan seperti tayangan video mengenai 

cuaca, pameran dan pertandingan kuiz meteorologi. 

program kesedaran awam Mengenai Cuaca esktrem, 

gempa bumi dan Tsunami 

Sebanyak 19 program kesedaran awam telah diadakan 

iaitu di Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang, Perak, Selangor, 

Pahang, Johor, Sabah dan Sarawak untuk meningkatkan 

tahap kesiapsiagaan orang awam dalam menghadapi 

PU B l i C aWa r e n e s s & exhiBition 


public aWareness & eXhibition 

World Meteorological day 

The MMD celerated the World Meteorological Day 

(WMD) on Saturday 22 March 2008. The World 

Meteorological Day commemorates the entry into 

force of the convention of the World Meteorological 

Organisation which Malaysia is a member since 1958. 

The theme for WMD in 2008 was ‘Observing our Planet 

for a Better Future’. WMD was held simultaneously 

at ten places in Malaysia which are at the MMD’s 

Headquarters, Meteorological Offices at Butterworth, 

Kuantan, Kota Kinabalu, Gong Kedak and Kuching as 

well as at meteorological stations in Muadzam Shah, 

Mersing, Chuping and Kota Bharu. The visitors were 

from government agencies, schools, institutions of 

higher learning, civil aviation agencies, the military, the 

mass media and the public. The purpose of the WMD 

is to increase public awareness in meteorology and 

to inform the public on the role of the Meteorological 

Department in giving early warning, forecast and 

monitoring daily weather. The range of activities being 

conducted includes video presentations on weather, 

exhibitions and meteorology quiz competition. 

Pameran sempena sambutan Hari Meteorologi Sedunia 2008 

Exhibition in conjunction with World Meteorological Day 2008 

public awareness programme on extreme Weather, 

earthquake and tsunami 

A total of 19 public awareness programmes had been 

carried out in Perlis, Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, 

Pahang, Johore, Sabah and Sarawak in order to 

increase the preparedness level of the public to face

kejadian cuaca buruk, gempa bumi dan tsunami. 

Kesemua program ini telah dilaksanakan dengan 

kerjasama Majlis Keselamatan Negara (MKN). Seramai 

2000 peserta telah mengikuti kempen kesedaran awam 

ini yang terdiri daripada agensi kerajaan dan swasta, 

media, ketua-ketua masyarakat dan orang ramai. 

Program Kesedaran Awam 

di Ibu Pejabat, JMM Petaling 

Jaya pada 30 Oktober 2008 

Public Awareness Programme 

at JMM Headquartes, Petaling 

Jaya on 30 October 2008 

Program Kesedaran Awam di Ranau, 

Sabah pada 21 Oktober 2008 

Public Awareness Program in Ranau, 

Sabah on 21 October 2008 



severe weather, earthquake and tsunami when they 

occur. All the programmes were conducted jointly with 

National Security Council (NSC). Over 2000 people from 

government and private agencies, the mass media, 

community leaders and the public participated in those 

programmes. 

Program Kesedaran Awam di Kuching, 

Sarawak pada 19 November 2008 

Public Awareness Programme in 

Kuching, Sarawak on 19 November 

2008 

75

Aktiviti Pameran 

JMM juga telah terlibat dengan 36 pameran dalam 

usaha meningkatkan kesedaran masyarakat mengenai 

meteorologi dan seismologi serta menjadikan sains, 

teknologi dan inovasi sebahagian daripada budaya hidup 

masyarakat. 

Antara aktiviti pameran yang disertai ialah sempena 

MAHA 2008, 7th IOC/WESTPAC International Scientific 

Symposium di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Sambutan Pesta 

Kaamatan di Sabah, 8th ASEAN Science & Technology 

Week (ASTW) dan Pameran MOSTI sempena Regatta 

Sarawak. 

76 

D.Y.T.M. Raja Muda Perak melawat 

pameran JMM semasa Festival 

Konvokesyen Universiti Malaya pada 

2 Ogos 2008 

D.Y.T.M. Raja Muda Perak visited 

MMD exhibition during University 

Malaya Convocation Festival on 2 

August 2008 

Pameran JMM sempena Pameran 

Hari Kesihatan Sedunia di Manjung, 

Perak pada 15 Mei 2008 

MMD Exhibition in conjunction with 

World Health Day Exhibition at 

Manjung, Perak on 15 May 2008 

exhibition activities 


The MMD also participated in 36 exhibitions with the 

aim to increase the people’s awareness in meteorology 

and seismology and to make science, technology and 

innovation part of their culture. 

Among the exhibitions participated were the exhibition in 

conjunction with the MAHA 2008, 7th IOC/WESTPAC 

International Scientific Symposium, Kaamatan Festival, 

8th ASEAN Science & Technology Week (ASTW) and 

MOSTI’s exhibition in conjuction with Regatta Sarawak. 

Penglibatan JMM semasa 

pameran MAHA di MARDI dari 

12 Ogos - 23 Ogos 2008 

MMD involvement in MAHA 

exhibition at MARDI from 12 - 23 

August

Lawatan awam ke JMM 

Pada tahun 2008, JMM telah menerima melebihi 2500 

pelawat termasuklah pegawai dari pelbagai agensi 

kerajaan, sektor swasta, pelajar, tentera dan media 

massa. Jumlah ini termasuklah pelawat yang hadir pada 

hari terbuka JMM. 

Lawatan pegawai TLDM di Pusat 

Ramalan Cuaca pada 6 Jun 2008 

RMN officers visit the Central 

Forecast Office on 6 June 2008 

Lawatan pegawai TUDM di 

Bahagian Geofizik dan Tsunami 

pada 24 Julai 2008 

RMAF officers visit to 

Geophysics and Tsunami 

Division on 24 July 2008 

public Visits to MMd 



In 2008, the MMD received more than 2500 visitors. 

Among them were officials from various government 

agencies, the private sector, students, the military and 

the mass media. These include the visitors during the 

MMD’s Open Day 

Lawatan mahasiswi UiTM Shah Alam di 

Stesen Meteorologi Ipoh pada 10 Julai 2008 

Visit by students of UiTM Shah Alam at Ipoh 

Meteorological Station on 10 July 2008 

77

78 

Lawatan pelajar Politeknik 

Ungku Omar di Bahagian ICT 

pada 29 April 2008 

Visit by students of Ungku 

Omar Polytechnic at ICT 

Division on 29 April 2008 

Lawatan delegasi antarabangsa 

i. Lawatan rombongan dari Jabatan Meteorologi 

Kenya, 8-12 September 2008 

Delegasi Jabatan Meteorologi Kenya yang terdiri 

daripada tiga orang pegawai iaitu Mr. John Mwikya 

(Ketua Delegasi), Mr. Vitalis Ahago dan Mr. Ephantus 

Ngotho telah melawat JMM bagi membincangkan 

kerjasama masa depan. 


international delegation Visit 

i. Visit by a delegation from the Kenyan Meteorological 

Department, 8 -12 September 2008 

A delegation comprising of three officers namely, 

Mr. John Mwikya (Head of Delegation), Mr. Vitalis 

Ahago and Mr. Ephantus Ngotho, from the Kenyan 

Meteorological Department visited the MMD to 

discuss possible future collaboration. 

Lawatan Delegasi Kenya Meteorological Department, 8 - 12 September 2008 

Visit of Kenyan Meteorological Department on 8-12 September 2008 

ii. Lawatan Delegasi dari Vietnam, 13 November 

2008 

13 orang delegasi dari Vietnam telah melawat 

JMM pada 13 November 2008 Tujuan utama 

lawatan belajar ini adalah mempelajari pengalaman 

agensi dan jabatan di Malaysia dalam melaksanakan 

program produktiviti dan kualiti terutamanya 

pensijilan ISO 9001:2000. 

ii. Visit by a delegation from Vietnam, 13 November 

2008 

13 people delegation from Vietnam visited the MMD 

on 13 November 2008. The main purpose of this 

study tour is to gain experience from Malaysia’s 

agencies and departments in implementing 

productivity and quality programmes, in particular 

ISO 9001:2000 certification.

PeristiWa CUaCa eKstreM 

ex t r e M e We at h e r ev e n t s

perisTiWa CuaCa eksTreM 

80 

PERISTIWa CuaCa EkstrEm 

ex t r e M e We at h e r ev e n t s 

Pada tahun 2008, peristiwa-peristiwa cuaca ekstrem 

yang berlaku telah menyebabkan kemusnahan yang 

teruk bukan sahaja dari segi kerugian harta benda 

malah melibatkan juga kehilangan nyawa. JMM telah 

berperanan mengeluarkan amaran awal bagi setiap 

kejadian cuaca ekstrem yang berlaku. Kejadian hujan 

lebat ini telah menyebabkan kejadian banjir dalam 

negara seperti berikut: 

banjir di tiga daerah di sabah 

Hujan lebat yang berterusan telah menyebabkan banjir 

berlaku di tiga daerah di Sabah iaitu Kota Marudu, 

Kota Belud dan Keningau. Sehingga 19 Februari 2008 

sejumlah 1,500 orang penduduk dari ketiga-tiga daerah 

telah dipindahkan dan jalan Kota Belud Kota Marudu 

tidak boleh dilalui oleh kenderaan ringan. 

banjir kilat di sekitar kawasan Temiang, seremban 

Sejumlah 28 keluarga dipindahkan kerana banjir apabila 

tebing Sungai Temiang pecah akibat hujan lebat pada 

16 April 2008 dan kesemua mangsa banjir telah 

bermalam di dewan pelbagai guna. Kejadian banjir yang 

berlaku kira-kira jam 4.30 petang ini telah menyebabkan 

keadaan kelam kabut apabila berlakunya kesesakan 

trafik yang teruk di sepanjang Jalan Temiang. 


eXtreMe Weather eVents 

In 2008, extreme weather events caused damages and 

loss of properties and loss of a few lives. The MMD had 

successfully provided early warnings for many of these 

extreme events. These heavy rainfall events resulted in 

the following major floods in the country: 

Floods at three districts in sabah 

Banjir di daerah Kota Marudu selepas hujan lebat berterusan 

Floods at Kota Marudu district after continuous heavy rain 

Continuous heavy rain caused floods at three districts in 

Sabah namely Kota Marudu, Kota Belud and Keningau. 

On 19 February 2008, a total of 1,500 people from the 

three districts were evacuated and the road between 

Kota Belud Kota Marudu was not passable for light 

vehicles. 

Flash floods around temiang’s area, seremban 

A total of 28 families were forced to evacuate due to 

floods after Sungai Temiang burst its banks on 16 April 

2008 and the flood victims spent the night at a multipurpose 

hall. The situation was chaotic as traffic came 

to a standstill along Jalan Temiang due to the floods 

which occurred at about 4.30pm.



Banjir kilat di kawasan Temiang, Seremban selepas hujan lebat selama 2 jam 

Flash floods at Temiang area, Seremban after 2 hours of heavy rain 

Banjir kilat di sepanjang Jalan Travers, Kuala Lumpur 

Hujan lebat yang berterusan selama beberapa jam 

pada petang 27 Ogos 2008 telah menyebabkan 

beberapa kawasan di Kuala Lumpur dan Lembah Klang 

dilanda banjir kilat. Jalan Travers, Jalan Chan Sow Lin, 

Lebuhraya Persekutuan, Jalan Dato Abu Bakar dan 

Persiaran Suria adalah antara jalan utama yang terjejas. 

Banjir kilat tersebut menyebabkan kesesakan lalu lintas 

selepas waktu bekerja. 

banjir kilat di pulau pinang 

Flash floods along jalan travers, Kuala lumpur 

Continuous heavy downpour for several hours on 27 

August 2008 evening caused flash floods in several 

parts of Kuala Lumpur and Klang Valley. Jalan Travers, 

Jalan Chan Sow Lin, Federal Highway, Jalan Dato Abu 

Bakar and Persiaran Suria were among the major roads 

affected. The flash floods caused traffic chaos during 

the afterwork rush hours. 

Banjir kilat di sepanjang Jalan Travers, Kuala Lumpur pada 27 Ogos 2008 

Flash floods along Jalan Travers, Kuala Lumpur on 27 August 2008 

Hujan sekejap-sekejap kadangkala lebat pada 6 

September 2008 telah menyebabkan banjir kilat 

melanda beberapa kawasan di Pulau Pinang. Antara 

tempat yang terjejas ialah Bayan Baru, Bukit Mertajam, 

Taman Siakap di Seberang Jaya dan kawasan-kawasan 

rendah di pusat bandar. Dua kejadian tanah runtuh turut 

berlaku di Jalan Tun Sardon yang menghubungkan Paya 

Terubong dan Balik Pulau. 

Flash floods in penang 

Intermittent moderate occasionally heavy rain during 6 

September 2008 resulted in flash floods over various 

parts of Penang. Among the places affected were Bayan 

Baru, Bukit Mertajam, Taman Siakap in Seberang Jaya 

and low lying areas in the city centre. Two landslides 

occurred along Jalan Tun Sardon linking Paya Terubong 

and Balik Pulau. 

81

anjir di Marudi, Miri 

82 


Kejadian banjir kilat yang berlaku dibeberapa kawasan di Pulau Pinang pada 6 September 2008 

Flash floods occurrence over few areas in Penang on 6 September 2008. 

Hujan lebat yang berterusan selama beberapa hari telah 

menyebabkan banjir di Marudi, Miri, Sarawak mulai 27 

Oktober 2008. Beberapa buah perkampungan dan 

seluruh pekan Marudi telah dilanda banjir menyebabkan 

ribuan penduduk terpaksa dipindahkan dari rumah 

mereka. 

banjir di pantai Timur semenanjung 

Hujan lebat yang berterusan pada 27 November 2008 

sehingga 1 Disember 2008 telah mengakibatkan banjir 

di negeri-negeri pantai timur Semenanjung (Kelantan, 

Terengganu dan Pahang). Lebih 6,000 penduduk sekitar 

Kelantan (Jeli dan Kuala Krai), Terengganu (Marang, Hulu 

Terengganu, Setiu dan Besut) dan Pahang (Temerloh, 

Kuala Lipis, Cameron Highlands dan Raub) dipindahkan 

ke lebih 40 buah pusat pemindahan banjir. 

Floods in Marudi, Miri 

Kejadian banjir di Marudi, Sarawak pada 27 Oktober 2008 

Flood occurrence in Marudi, Sarawak on 27 October 2008 

Continuous heavy rain for several days caused floods in 

Marudi, Miri, Sarawak on 27 October 2008. Several 

villages and Marudi town were flooded resulting in 

thousands of residents being evacuated from their 

homes. 

Floods in east coast peninsular 

Continues heavy rain on 27 November 2008 untill 1 

December 2008 caused floods in east coast states 

of Peninsular (Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang). 

Over 6,000 people in Kelantan (Jeli and Kuala Krai), 

Terengganu (Marang, Hulu Terengganu, Setiu and 

Besut) and Pahang (Temerloh, Kuala Lipis, Cameron 

Highlands and Raub) were evacuated to 40 flood 

evacuation centres.

Kejadian banjir di Hulu Terengganu pada 29 November 2008 

Flood occurrence in Hulu Terengganu pada 29 November 2008 

Kejadian banjir di Kuala Terengganu 

pada 2 Disember 2008 

Flood occurrence in Kuala 

Terengganu on 2 December 2008 



Kejadian banjir di Marang pada 

2 Disember 2008 

Flood occurrence in Marang on 


83

Kalendar PeristiWa 

Ca l e n d a r of ev e n t s

86 

Majlis Sambutan Tahun Baru Cina di Ibu 

Pejabat JMM pada 21 Februari 2008 

Chinese New Year Celebration at MMD 

Headquarters on 21 February 2008 

Pertandingan Melukis Kanakkanak 

Sempena Sambutan Hari 

Meteorologi Sedunia di Ibu Pejabat 

JMM pada 22 Mac 2008 

Children’s drawing competition 

in conjunction with the World 

Meteorological Day event at MMD 

headquarters on 22 March 2008 

KaLEndaR PERISTIWa 

Ca l e n d a r of ev e n t s 


Hari Bertemu Pelanggan di Ibu Pejabat 

JMM pada 31 Januari 2008 

Meet the Clients’ Day at MMD 

Headquarters on 31 January 2008 

Pemasangan Peralatan AWS 

di Stesen Meteorologi Pulau 

Tioman pada 5 Mac 2008 

Installation of AWS equipment 

at Pulau Tioman Meteorological 

Station on 5 March 2008

Aktiviti Kelab Kebajikan dan 

Sukan JMM – whitewater rafting 

pada 24 Mei 2008 

MMD Welfare and Sport Club 

activity – whitewater rafting on 

24 May 2008 



Ketua Pengarah JMM memberi taklimat 

kepadaY.B. Menteri, Datuk Dr. Maximus 

Johnity Ongkili, dan Y.B. Timbalan Menteri, 

Tuan Haji Fadillah Haji Yusoff yang melawat 

JMM pada 15 April 2008 

MMD Director-General brief Y.B. Minister, 

Datuk Dr. Maximus Johnity Ongkili and 

Deputy Minister, Tuan Haji Fadillah Haji 

Yusof who visited MMD on 15 April 2008 

Majlis Penutup Sukan Inter-Program JMM pada 11 Mei 2008 

Closing ceremony of the MMD’s Inter-Programme Sports on 11 May 2008 

87

88 

Ketua Pengarah JMM ditemuramah oleh 

wartawan BERNAMA pada 5 September 2008 

Director General of MMD being interviewed by a 

BERNAMA reporter on 5 September 2008 


Majlis Anugerah Perkhidmatan Cemerlang Tahun 2007 dan Persaraan Tahun 2008 pada 8 Ogos 2008 

Excellence Service Award for 2007 and Retirement for 2008 Ceremony on 8 August 2008 

Lawatan MAMPU ke Ibu Pejabat 

pada 15 Julai 2008 

MAMPU’s visit to MMD 

Headquarters on 15 July 2008

Mesyuarat Penolong Pegawai 

Kajicuaca pada 20-23 Oktober 2008 

Experimental Officers’ Meeting 

on 20-23 October 2008 



Kempen Derma Darah di Ibu Pejabat 

JMM pada 22 Oktober 2008 

Blood Donation Campaign at MMD 

headquarters on 22 October 2008 

Mesyuarat Pegawai Kajicuaca 

pada 24-26 Oktober 2008 

Meteorological Officers’ Meeting 

on 24-26 October 2008 

89

Sambutan Hari Kualiti JMM 

pada 30 Disember 2008 

MMD’s Quality Day event on 


90 

Lawatan TKSU (Sains) MOSTI ke 

JMM pada 22 November 2008 

Visit by TKSU (Science) MOSTI 

to MMD on 22 November 2008 


Mesyuarat Pembantu Kajicuaca 

pada 15-19 Disember 2008 

Meteorological Assistant Meeting 

on 15-19 December 2008

senarai PeJaBat & stesen Meteorologi 

list of Me t e o r o l o g i C a l of f iC e s 

& st a t i o n s

92 

Ibu PEjabat 

he a d q U a rt e r s 

Ketua Pengarah (Director-General) 


Jalan Sultan, 

46667 PETALING JAYA 

Selangor D.E. 

Tel : 03-7967 8000 

Faks : 03- 7955 0964 

Web : www.met.gov.my 

Laporan Tahunan 2008 Annual Annual Report Report 2008 2008

Pengarah (Director) 

Pejabat Meteorologi Butterworth 

Pengkalan Udara TUDM 

13050 BUTTERWORTH 

Pulau Pinang 

Tel: 04 - 331 4633 

Faks: 04 - 331 9897 


Pejabat Meteorologi Pulau Pinang, 

Lapangan Terbang Bayan Lepas, 

11900 BAYAN LEPAS, 

Pulau Pinang 

Tel: 04 - 643 8301 

Faks: 04 - 644 6804 


Pejabat Meteorologi KLIA, 

Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuala 

Lumpur, 

Tingkat 1, Pusat Pengurusan Lapangan 

Terbang, 

64000 SEPANG, 

Selangor 

Tel: 03 - 7846 3485 

Faks: 03 - 7846 3498 



PEjabat ramalan WIlayah 

re g i o n a l fo r e C a s t of f iC e s 


Pejabat Meteorologi Subang, 

Terminal 2, 

Lapangan Terbang Sultan Abdul Aziz, 

47600 SUBANG, 

Selangor 

Tel: 03 - 7846 3485 

Faks: 03 - 7846 3498 


Pejabat Meteorologi TUDM Gong Kedak, 

Kompleks ATC TUDM Gong Kedak, 

Kilometer Lapan, Jalan Kuala Besut, 

22000 JERTIH, 

Terengganu 

Tel: 09 - 690 2462 

Faks: 09 - 690 2461 


Pejabat Meteorologi Kuantan 

Batu 9, Jalan Gambang, 

26070 KUANTAN, 

Pahang 

Tel: 09 - 538 4917 

Faks: 09 - 538 4673 


Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia, 

Cawangan Sarawak, 

Tingkat 14, Bangunan Sultan Iskandar, 

Jalan Simpang Tiga, 

93667 KUCHING, 

Sarawak 

Tel: 082 - 257 358 

Faks: 082 - 422 854 


Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia, 

Cawangan Sabah, 

Wisma Dang Bandang, 

88000 KOTA KINABALU, 

Sabah 

Tel: 088 - 256 054 

Faks: 088 - 211 019 

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94 

stEsEn mEtEorologI 

Me t e o r o l o g i C a l st a t i o n s 

Ketua Stesen (Station In-Charge) 

Stesen Meteorologi Pertanian Chuping 

Mata Air 

02500 KANGAR 

Perlis 

Tel: 04 - 938 2158 


Stesen Meteorologi Pulau Langkawi 

Lapangan Terbang Mat Sirat 

07100 PULAU LANGKAWI 

Kedah 

Tel: 04 - 955 1277 


Stesen Meteorologi Alor Setar 

06200 KEPALA BATAS 

Kedah 

Tel: 04 - 714 4212 


Stesen Meteorologi Butterworth 

Pangkalan Udara TUDM 

13050 BUTTERWORTH 

Pulau Pinang 

Tel: 04 - 331 4633 


Stesen Meteorologi Bayan Lepas 

11900 Bayan Lepas 

Pulau Pinang 

Tel: 04 - 643 6533 


Stesen Pencemaran Udara Prai 

Lorong Perusahaan Sepuluh 

Kawasan Perusahaan 

13600 PRAI 

Pulau Pinang 

Tel: 04 - 390 7333 



Stesen Meteorologi Pertanian Lubuk 

Merbau 

33010 KUALA KANGSAR 

Perak 

Tel: 05 - 776 6113 


Stesen Meteorologi Sitiawan 

Jalan Beruas 

32000 SITIAWAN 

Perak 

Tel: 05 - 691 1516 


Stesen Meteorologi Ipoh 

Lapangan Terbang Ipoh 

31350 IPOH 

Perak 

Tel: 05 - 312 5148 


Stesen Meteorologi KLIA 

Jalan Pekeliling, 

Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa KLIA 

64000 SEPANG 

Selangor 

Tel: 03 - 8787 2452 


Stesen Meteorologi Subang 

Lapangan Terbang Terminal 2 

47200 SUBANG 

Selangor 

Tel: 03 - 7846 3114 


Stesen Meteorologi Petaling Jaya 

Jalan Sultan 

46667 PETALING JAYA 

Selangor 

Tel: 03 - 7967 8101


Stesen Meteorologi Melaka 

Lapangan Terbang Batu Berendam 

75350 MELAKA 

Melaka 

Tel: 06 - 317 5773 


Stesen Meteorologi Kluang 

86000 KLUANG 

Johor 

Tel: 07 - 772 1845 


Stesen Meteorologi Batu Pahat 

KM 8, Jalan Kluang 

83000 BATU PAHAT 

Johor 

Tel: 07 - 455 7072 


Stesen Meteorologi Senai 

Lapangan Terbang Sultan Ismail 

81250 JOHOR BHARU 

Johor 

Tel: 07 - 599 4736 


Stesen Meteorologi Kota Bharu 

Lapangan Terbang Kota Bharu 

16100 KOTA BHARU 

Kelantan 

Tel: 09 - 773 7490 


Stesen Meteorologi Kuala Krai 

18000 KUALA KRAI 

Kelantan 

Tel: 09 - 966 6568 


Stesen Meteorologi TUDM Gong Kedak 

Kompleks ATC TUDM Gong Kedak 

22000 JERTIH 

Terengganu 

Tel: 09 - 690 2462 




Stesen Meteorologi Kuala Terengganu 

Lapangan Terbang Kuala Terengganu 

21300 KUALA TERENGGANU 

Terengganu 

Tel: 09 - 666 4743 


Stesen Seismologi / Kajiklim Kuala 

Terengganu 

Jalan Syed Zain 

20300 KUALA TERENGGANU 

Terengganu 

Tel: 09 - 622 3051 


Stesen Meteorologi Cameron Highlands 

Jalan Titiwangsa, Tanah Rata 

39000 CAMERON HIGHLANDS 

Pahang 

Tel: 05 - 491 1622 


Stesen Meteorologi Pertanian Muadzam 

Shah 

26700 MUADZAM SHAH 

Pahang 

Tel: 09 - 542 2055 


Stesen Meteorologi Temerloh 

28000 TEMERLOH 

Pahang 

Tel: 05 - 277 1421 


Stesen Meteorologi Pertanian Batu 

Embun 

Batu Embun 

27000 JERANTUT 

Pahang 

Tel: 09 - 266 2066 


Stesen Meteorologi Kuantan 

Batu 9, Jalan Gambang 

26070 KUANTAN 

Pahang 

Tel: 09 - 539 7002 

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96 


Stesen Meteorologi Mersing 

Jalan Endau 

86800 MERSING 

Johor 

Tel: 07 - 799 1404 


Stesen Meteorologi Kuching 

Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuching 

93250 KUCHING 

Sarawak 

Tel: 082 - 460 195 


Stesen Meteorologi Sri Aman 

95000 SRI AMAN 

Sarawak 

Tel: 083 - 322 434 


Stesen Meteorologi Bintulu 

Lapangan Terbang Bintulu 

Peti Surat 285 

97007 BINTULU 

Sarawak 

Tel: 086 - 334 148 


Stesen Meteorologi Sibu 

Lapangan Terbang Sibu 

96000 SIBU 

Sarawak 

Tel: 084 - 307 705 


Stesen Meteorologi Miri 

Lapangan Terbang Miri 

98008 MIRI 

Sarawak 

Tel: 085 - 614 969 


Stesen Meteorologi Limbang 

Lapangan Terbang Limbang 

Jalan Rangau 

98700 LIMBANG 

Sarawak 

Tel: 085 - 215 839 



Stesen Meteorologi Mulu 

Lapangan Terbang Mulu 

Sarawak 

Tel: 085 - 792 110 


Stesen Meteorologi Kota Kinabalu 

PWD 7806, Jalan Selangor 

Tanjung Aru 

88100 KOTA KINABALU 

Sabah 

Tel: 088 - 222 548 


Stesen Meteorologi Kudat 

WDT. No. 41 

89050 KUDAT 

Sabah 

Tel: 088 - 611 504 


Stesen Meteorologi Sandakan 

Peti Surat 1408 

90715 SANDAKAN 

Sabah 

Tel: 089 - 660 535 


Stesen Meteorologi Tawau 

Jalan Utara, Peti Surat 60109 

91011 TAWAU 

Sabah 

Tel: 089 - 950 560 


Stesen Meteorologi Labuan 

Jalan Pulau Buah, Peti Surat 81413 

87008 LABUAN 

Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan 

Tel: 087 - 412 109

ERuTuSan - Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia

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