saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #4 (45), 2010 ART SCIENCE ...
saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #4 (45), 2010 ART SCIENCE ...
saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #4 (45), 2010 ART SCIENCE ...
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Tamar cagareli<br />
da elinur RvTaebebs: `kulad saxelisdebani igi sawarmarToTa<br />
kerpTani, romelni maT RmerTad Seeracxnes romelnime mamaTa<br />
da romelnime dedaTa _ srulad moispen: dios, anu apolos,<br />
anu artems, anu boCi da gaci da badageon da armaz (anu)<br />
romel igi wne xasa yurZnisasa bilwisa mas dionises saxels<br />
ityvian da sicilsa aRazrzenen ese yoveli saeSmako ars da<br />
moispen... egreTve ganqiqebulad rokvani dedaTani nuRaramca<br />
iqnebian da romelni igi daTuTa memRerni vlen savneblad<br />
mravalTa ese yoveli moispen.~ 9<br />
winarenesansul viTarebaSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs<br />
interesi da miswrafeba elinuri miTologiisadmi, XI saukunis<br />
meore naxevarSi didma qarTvelma filologma, filosofosma<br />
da mTargmnelma efrem mcirem nonnes (VI s.) `elinTa zRaprobani~<br />
Targmna, raSiac ilia abulaZis TqmiT 10 , man sakuTari SeniSvnebic<br />
ara mciredi CaurTo. es `elinTa zRaprobani~ warmoadgens<br />
grigol nazianzelis SromebSi naxseneb miTologemebis<br />
ganmartebas. mevenaxeobis da dramatuli xelovnebis RvTaebis<br />
dionises miTs efrem mcire gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT moekida<br />
da gamoxata es gmir-RvTaeba `mompovneblad Rvinisa,<br />
gamomgoneblad venaxisa~ da misi dResaswauli warmoadgina,<br />
rogorc `mwyobri stvirosTa da selinozTa, TanmrokvalTa<br />
dionvisisaTa~. aqvea ganmartebuli is elinuri sxva kerpebi,<br />
romelTa msaxurebaze miuTiTebs daviT aRmaSenebeli da romlis<br />
kultis saqarTveloSi arseboba dasturdeba mcxeTis, sarkines,<br />
Zalisis, vanis, biWvinTis arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT. gasagebia,<br />
rom nonne, dionises misterias warmogvidgens damgmobi<br />
aTvaliswunebiT `falosni da iTvifalosni bilw arian<br />
saTqmelad da sasmenelad, rameTu bilwebisaebr dionisasa<br />
dResaswaulisa missa mzorvelni igi misni damoikideben kerpebsa<br />
rasme mamal-dedalTa sarcxvinebelisasa da esreT uSverad<br />
mzorveloben~ 11 . im dros mkiTxvelni, mayurebel-msmeneli elinur<br />
miTologias ecnoboda qristianul wyevla-krulvaSi gaxveuls,<br />
magram etyoba aguna-dionises dResaswaulebi imdenad farTod<br />
iyo gavrcelebuli da wes-CveulebaSi mtkiced Camjdari, rom<br />
qristiani mefeebic ki iZulebuli iyvnen maTSi monawileoba<br />
mieRoT (aki daviT aRmaSenebeli ambobs: `elinTa mieri...<br />
TiTeulisa vnebisa kerpsa vmsaxure~ 12 ).<br />
saTeatro azri saqarTveloSi<br />
erT-erT sagalobelSi daviT aRmaSenebeli acxadebs:<br />
`TiToeulsa mxecTagan Sezavebulsa mxecsa vemsgavse<br />
mravalguarsa da mravalxats da sxua Jam sxvebr xilulsa<br />
da mvsinvarsa bunebisamebr TiToeulisa~ 13 .<br />
gavixsenoT, rom xalibebs, herodites mowmobiT, spilenZis<br />
muzaradebi exuraT, muzaradebze iyo xaris yurebi da rqebi<br />
spilenZisgan nakeTebi. adamianis saxis `Sezaveba~ pirutyvis,<br />
nadiris mimsgavsebiT e. i., tyaosnoba, uZvelesi droidan<br />
damaxasiaTebeli iyo qarTveluri saxilvel-nadirobisaTvis,<br />
qarTulma zepirsityvierebamac xom Semogvinaxa: `awyverSi<br />
daviarebi, rogorc iremi rqiani, nadirsa vwyvetam, musrs vaden,<br />
ar gadamrCeba fxaini, vefxi, focxveri, mgelkaci, pirgableSkili<br />
Riani~ 14 . mefeebic ki `tyaosnobas~ misdeven, mxecTagan<br />
mimsgavsebiT warmoidginebodnen, vaxtang gorgasalsa `Seeqmna<br />
Cabalaxi oqrosi da gamoesua winaT mgeli da ukanaT lomi~ 15 .<br />
gavixsenoT tarielis vefxistyaosnobac da tyaosanTa saxiobis<br />
aRwerilobac: `erTs Semoses spilos tyavi da meores<br />
martorqisa... mexuTesa lomis tyavi, meeqvsesa vefxvT Tavisa...<br />
mecxres veSapis tyavi mosavs da meaTes didi Tevzis~ 16 . yovelive<br />
amisda mixedviT daviT aRmaSeneblis sagaloblis sityvebi<br />
`TiToeulsa mxecTagan Sezavebulsa vemsgavse mraval-guarsa<br />
da mrval-xatsa~ 17 , ise unda gavigoT, rom nadirobis, laSqrobis<br />
da saxilvelis wesisa da gangebis mixedviT, daviT aRmaSenebelic<br />
tyaosnobda.<br />
saxilvelis istoriis, Teatris istoriis TvalsazrisiT<br />
gansakuTrebiT sagulisxmoa amocnoba da amokiTxva daviT<br />
aRmaSeneblis poeturi qmnilebis erT-erTi sagaloblisa:<br />
`sakurTxad RvTismSoblad gqadagebT, uxrwnelo qalwulo, da<br />
gurwams viTarmed pativi xatisa Senisa, Sendami wiaR-momavals<br />
da RvTis-metyvelTaebr codvilTa moqcevas aniSneb, mis mier<br />
viTarca cxad hyofs Teatro igi mrCobelTa soflisaÁ _<br />
sikeTe egviptisa Rirsi mariam~ 18 .<br />
qarTul enas, uZvelesi droidan gaaCnda sakuTrad<br />
TavisTavadi termini `saxilveli~. Sua saukuneebSi berZnullaTinuri<br />
termini `Teatron~ da `Teatrum~ isev gaacocxla<br />
`Teatron~ `TeatroÁ~-s saxiT da Zvel TviTmyofad `saxilvel~-<br />
Tan gverdi-gverd ixmareboda: `nuca TeatroÁ... nuca saxioba....<br />
30 31
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