saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #4 (45), 2010 ART SCIENCE ...

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa 

da kinos saxelmwifo universiteti 

Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film 

Georgian State University 

saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani 

#4 (45), 2010 

ART SCIENCE STUDIES 

#4 (45), 2010 

gamomcemloba `kentavri~ 

Tbilisi _ 2010 

1

UDC(uak) 7(051.2) 

s-364 

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos 

saxelmwifo universiteti 

saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #4 (45), 2010 

sa redaqc io sa bWo 

maia goSaZe 

ira demetraZe 

eliso erisTavi 

l i t e r a t u r u l i 

r e d a q t o r i 

mariam iaSvili 

ga rek a n is diz a i ni 

levan dadiani 

d a k a b a d o n eb a 

ekaterine 

oqropiriZe 

g a m o m c e m l o b i s 

x e l m Z R v a n e l i 

maka vasaZe 

krebulisaTvis mowodebuli masala 

uzrunvelyofili unda iyos 

Sesabamisi samecniero aparatiT. Tan 

unda axldes monacemebi avtoris 

samecniero kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb 

qarTul da inglisur enebze, 

agreTve naSromis inglisurenovani 

reziume. 

krebulis stamburi gamocema 

egzavneba sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso 

kvleviT centrs. 

naSromebi mogvawodeT da 

cnobebisaTvis mogvmarTeT: 

0102, Tbilisi, daviT aRmaSeneblis 

gamziri #40, saqarTvelos SoTa 

rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos 

saxelmwifo universiteti, 

II korpusi. 

tel/faqsi: +995 (32) 936 408 

mob: +995 (95) 305 060 

+995 (77) 288 750 

E-mail: kentavri@tafu.edu.ge 

Web: www.tafu.edu.ge 

Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State University 

Editorial Group 

MAIA GOSHADZE 

IRA DEMETRADZE 

ELISO ERISTAVI 

Literary Editor 

MARIAM IASHVILI 

Cover Design 

LEVAN DADIANI 

Book Binding 

EKATERINE 

OKROPIRIDZE 

Head of Publishing 

House 

MAKA VASADZE 

Art Science Studies #4 (45), 2010 

Materials supplied for the volume 

should be provided with 

corresponding scientific appliance. 

Paperwork concerning author’s 

academic qualification and summary 

of work should be attached in 

Georgian and English languages. 

Printed version of the volume is sent 

out to various international research 

centers. 

Works should be supplied under the 

following contact: 

0102, Tbilisi, Davit Agmashenebeli 

Avenue #40 

Georgian Shota Rustaveli Theatre 

and Film State University 

Second Block 

Tel/Fax: +995 (32) 936 408 

Mob: +995 (95) 305 060 

+995 (55) 288 750 

E-mail: kentavri@tafu.edu.ge 

Web: www.tafu.edu.ge 

2 3

Sinaarsi 

k u l t u r i s m e n e j m e n t i 

nino sanadiraZe 

kulturis sferos marTvis procesebis Taviseburebebi .............................7 

u n i v e r s i t e t i s 

s a d o q t o r o p r o g r a m a 

d r a m i s a d a T e a t r i s T e o r i a 

maka vasaZe 

saubrebi robert sturuas 

`saTeatro enaze~ ................................................................................................16 

Tamar cagareli 

saTeatro azri saqarTveloSi 

(aRorZinebis epoqis magaliTze) .....................................................................26 

d r a m i s r e J i s u r a 

maia Sengelia 

amosavali movlena da siuJetis scenuri dekodirebis problema 

(literaturuli siuJeti. pirveli plani. scenuri (qmediTi) siuJeti. 

meore plani. moqmedebis motivacia.) ................................................................42 

nino li partiani 

Teatraluri xelovneba, rogorc socio-komunikaciuri 

saSualeba postmodernistul epoqaSi .............................................................53 

u n i v e r s i t e t i s 

s a m a g i s t r o p r o g r a m a 

k i n o - t e l e d r a m a t u r g i a 

(Teoriisa da praqtikis analizi) 

mariam kukulava 

saxeebi danaxuli CrdilebSi 

(cota ram kasavetesis Sesaxeb)........................................................................64 

aleqsandre lorTqifaniZe 

andrei tarkovski – bavSvobis msxverplSewirva .................................................75 

goga qobalia 

kSiStof kislevskis moraluri mousvenroba .............................................83 

avtorTa Sesaxeb ..................................................................................................90 

CONTENTS 

C U L T U R E M A N A G E M E N T 

NINO SANADIRADZE 

Understanding of Art sector management .............................................................91 

U N I V E R S I T Y ’ P h . D P R O G R A M 

D R A M A A N D T H E A T R E H I S T O R Y 

MAKA VASADZE 

One is supposed to say something original about a man, and in temrs of form 

and structure, it already implies creating something new….............................92 

TAMAR TSAGARELI 

Theatre opinion in Georgia 

(According to the Renaissance epoch) .................................................................93 

D R A M A D I R E C T I O N 

MAYA SENGELIA 

Initial event and story scenic decoding problem ................................................95 

NINO LIPARTIANI 

Theatrical Art as a Social-communicative mean 

in the Post-modernist Epoch ..........................................................................96 

U N I V E R S I T Y ’ M A P R O G R A M 

F I L M - T E L E - D R A M A T U R G Y 

MARIAM KUKULAVA 

“Faces viewed in shadows” ..................................................................................97 

ALEKSANDRE LORTKIPANIDZE 

Andrei Tarkovski - Childhood Sacrifice .................................................................98 

GOGA KOBALIA 

Moral Anxiety of Kshishtof Kislevsky ..................................................................99 

4 5

kulturis menejmenti 


kulturis sferos marTvis procesebis 

Taviseburebebi 

kacobriobis istoriis manZilze kultura ganviTarebis 

sxvadasxva etaps gadioda stiqiuridan kanonzomierebamde, 

axasiaTebda Cavardnebi da aRmasvla, Serwyma da gavrceleba, 

cvlileba da transformacia, asimilacia da konservacia, 

sabolood ki yovelTvis axerxebda gavlenis moxdenas 

sazogadoebebze. kulturis cnebaSi am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba 

ara calkeuli SemoqmedebiTi aqti, aramed Semoqmedeba da 

SemoqmedebiTi procesi, rogorc adamianis universaluri 

damokidebuleba samyarosadmi, romlis meSveobiTac igi qmnis 

àxal samyaros~ da sakuTar Tavs. TiToeuli kultura 

ganumeorebeli samyaroa, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs rogorc 

adamians, ise adamianTa damokidebulebas garemomcveli 

sinamdvilisa da sakuTari Tavisadmi. arsebobs kulturis, rogorc 

cnebis meore, gansxvavebuli ufro `viwro~ gansazRvreba, romelic 

mniSvnelovania Tanamderove kulturaze saubrisas: pirveli, _ 

zogadi gansazRvrebiT, kultura, _ es aris adamianis, rogorc 

socialuri arsebis ganmsazRvreli, aragenetikuri memkvidreobiT 

miRebuli socialuri gamocdilebis sistema, romelic im 

materialur da sulier garemos warmoqmnis da xels uwyobs 

adamianis Camoyalibebasa da zneobrivad amaRlebas. meore _ 

viwro, `dargobrivi~ gagebiT, kultura, _ es aris sazogadoebrivi 

cxovrebis konkretul sfero (kulturis sfero), romelic 

moicavs: kulturul-istoriuli memkvidreobis (samuzeumo, 

biblioTekuri da saarqivo masalebi, erovnuli da adgilobrivi 

tradiciebi, dResaswaulebi da sxv.) dacvas da gamoyenebas, 

mxatvrul ganaTlebasa da sabavSvo Semoqmedebas, sakoncerto 

moRvaweobas, dasvenebisa da garTobis organizebas, eTnografiul 

xelovnebas, xalxur rewvasa Tu xelosnobas, agreTve, yovelive 

zemoT CamoTvlilis uzrunvelmyof saqmianobis organizebasa 

da marTvas. dargobrivi gagebiT kulturis viwro gansazRvreba 

gulisxmobs kulturas, rogorc kulturis ekonomikis, 

6 7


samarTlis, dafinansebisa da fandraizingis, marTvis, informirebis, 

profesiuli kadrebis momzadeba-gadamzadebis, materialurteqnikuri 

bazis ganviTarebisa da sxvaTa erTobliobas. 

kulturis sferoSi moRvawe organizaciebi erTmaneTisagan 

gansxvavebuli uwyebrivi daqvemdebarebiT da organizaciulsamarTlebrivi 

formebiT gamoirCeva. magaliTad, amgvar 

subieqtebad SeiZleba mogvevlinos saxelmwifo, municipaluri, 

sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi, agreTve kerZo pirebic (SemdgomSi 

– kompaniebi, studiebi da sxvadasxva iuridiuli erTeulebi). 

kulturis s f er os m en ej m entz e s a u b r i s a s 

gasaTvaliswineblia Semdegi garemoebebi: kulturis sferos 

marTvis procesebi damokidebulia ara marto socialurkulturul 

konteqstze da socialur-kulturul garemoze, 

aramed Tavadac iZens socialur-kulturul niSan-Tvisebebs. 

ufro metic – yoveli iuridiuli Tu kerZo kompania droTa 

ganmavlobaSi sul ufro mkafiod gvevlineba kulturis sferos 

saqmianobis ganmsazRvreladac. kulturis sferoSi moRvawe 

organizaciebis saqmianoba TanamSromlobisa da urTierTgacvlis 

gareSe SeuZlebelia, ris gamoc xdeba partnioroba sxvadasxva 

biznes struqturebTan da gansxvavebuli tipis organizaciebTan, 

_ iqneba es sponsorobis institutis ganviTareba, qvelmoqmedeba, 

sazogadoebasTan urTierToba (PR) Tu sxva. amdenad, cxadi 

xdeba Semdegi _ kulturis sferos marTvis sakiTxebis 

gaanalizeba gansakuTrebul interess warmoadgens Semdeg 

mizezTa gamo: uwinares yovlisa, kulturis sferos marTvis 

arsSi zogadad menejmentis sruli speqtri moiazreba. meore, 

_ amgvari ganxilvis perspeqtivebi mniSvnelovania kulturis 

s ferosa da s a q m ia ni a qti v obis s xv a s fer oeb i s 

urTierTTanamSromlobis SesaZleblobisa da aucileblobis 

garkvevisaTvis. kulturis sferos marTvis mTavari Tavisebureba 

imaSi mdgomareobs, rom miTiTebul sferoSi Semosavlebis miReba 

xdeba ara sargeblis miRebis mizniT, aramed dainteresebuli 

donorebis mozidvis xarjze: sponsoroba, patronaJi, 

qvelmoqmedeba da sxva. 

kulturis sferos menejmentis specifikas, rogorc wesi, 

`sulieri warmoebis~ Taviseburebebs ukavSireben. amgvari 

kulturis sferos marTvis procesebis Taviseburebebi 

saqmianobis `produqtebi~ ara imdenad sagnobrivi xasiaTisaa, 

ramdenadac azrovnebis fenomenebs (aRqmas, gagebas, gancdas da 

sxv.) ukavSirdeba da uSualo daTvlasa da Sejamebas ar 

eqvemdebareba. xSirad, maTi warmoeba maT gamoyenebas emTxveva 

(speqtaklis, kinofilmis Cveneba, koncertze daswreba, wignis 

kiTxva). ufro metic, materialuri warmoebis produqtebisgan 

gansxvavebiT, romlebic gamoyenebis procesSi cvdeba, kulturuli 

faseulobebi gamoyenebisas sul ufro met Rirebulebas iZens 

(mag.: rac ufro metma adamianma waikiTxa esa Tu is wigni, 

uyura speqtakls, films, mousmina koncerts, miT ufro maRalia 

maTi socialuri mniSvneloba). 

kulturis sferos arakomerciuli xasiaTi sulac ar niSnavs, 

rom igi biznesisTvis mimzidveli ar aris. dReisaTvis mTel 

msoflioSi arakomerciuli (nonprofitable) seqtori ekonomikis 

erT-erTi yvelaze swrafad mzardi seqtoria. arakomerciuli 

sferos, sajaroobidan da socialuri mniSvnelobidan 

gamomdinare, mkveTrad gamoxatuli sareklamo potenciali gaaCnia, 

rac, Tavis mxriv, donorebs mimzidveli imijis, reputaciis, 

socialuri statusis formirebis da ganvrcobis saSualebas 

aZlves. 

biznesisa da kulturis urTierTTanamSromlobas 

sazogadoebis ganviTarebisa da gardaqmnisaTvis gansakuTrebuli 

mniSvneloba gaaCnia da samoqalaqo sazogadoebisTvis realizebis 

saSualebas warmoadgens, romlis gaTvaliswinebiTac 

SesaZlebelia gamovyoT kulturisa da xelovnebis zegavlenis 

ramdenime aspeqti Tanamedrove sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze: 

a) kulturis sferos uSualo gavlena ekonomikaze: _ 

kulturis da xelovnebis sfero qmnis konkretul samuSao 

adgilebs, aqvs sakuTari avtonomiuri gasaRebis bazari, gaaCnia 

sainvesticio potenciali, uSualo wvlili Seaqvs konkretuli 

regionis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi; _ kultura da xelovneba 

ganaTlebis, masmediis, turizmis, garTobis industriis 

ganviTarebis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens. 

b) uSualo socialuri zegavlena: _ kultura da xelovneba 

uzrunvelyofs socialurad mniSvnelovani moRvaweobis 

sxvadasxva saxes, dasvenebis organizebas, pozitiurad zemoqmedebs 

8 9


adamianTa cnobierebaze, xels uwyobs pirovnebisa da 

sazogadoebis sulier ganviTarebas da SemoqmedebiTi potencialis 

gamovlenas; 

g) iribi ekonomikuri zegavlena: - kultura da xelovneba 

socialurad momgebiani sferoa, imdenad, ramdenadac axdenen 

sazogadoebis faseulobaTa, cnebaTa akumulirebasa da 

translirebas, romlebic komerciuli da arakomerciuli 

saqmianobis drosac gamoiyeneba. biznesisa da menejmentis iseTi 

Tanamedrove teqnologiebis arseboba, rogoricaa, reklama, 

sazogadoebasTan urTierToba _ PR, personalTan muSaoba, 

korporaciuli kulturisa da safirmo stilis Camoyalibeba, 

warmoudgenelia socialur-kulturuli moRvaweobis 

tradiciuli formebis gamoyenebis, kulturis sferos seqtorTan 

TanamSromlobis gareSe; 

d) iribi socialuri zegavlena: - kultura da xelovneba 

amdidrebs socialur garemos, ris Sedegadac izrdeba 

kulturisa da xelovnebis roli socialur komunikaciaSi, 

maT Soris, Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT. 

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, winamdebare statiis mizans 

warmoadgens kulturis sferos ganviTarebis dagegmvis 

TaviseburebaTa gamovlena. cnebaSi `kulturis sfero~ 

igulisxmeba sawarmoTa, dawesebulebaTa da arakomerciul 

organizaciaTa erToblioba, romlebic, oficialuri 

klasifikaciis Tanaxmad, ganekuTvneba kulturisa da xelovnebis 

qmnilebebis, aramaterialuri momsaxurebis mwarmoebel, saxalxo 

meurneobis sxvadasxva seqtors. kulturis sferos ganviTarebis 

dagegmva unda warmoadgendes miznobrivi orientaciisa da 

aucilebeli Sedegebis miRwevis, kulturis sferoSi moRvawe 

sxvadasxva subieqtis saqmianobis efeqturobis amaRlebis, 

sazogadoebisTvis kulturis sferos momsaxurebis miwodebis 

uzrunvelyofis mizniT gansaxorcielebel RonisZiebaTa 

erTobliobas. kulturis sferos menejeri zedmiwevniT unda 

flobdes komerciuli da arakomerciuli saqmianobis marketings, 

erkveodes ekonomikasa da samarTalSi da flobdes 

menejerisaTvis aucilebel sxva unar-Cvevebs, romleTa 

gamoyenebiTac unda xdebodes strategiuli dagegmareba. 


strategiuli dagegmarebis SemTxvevaSi misi zemoqmedeba gare 

cvlilebebze orsaxovania: grZelvadiani zemoqmedeba gulisxmobs 

strategiul gegmebs, moqmedeba xdeba gegmiuri ciklis gareT, 

realuri drois reJimSiDda ganxorcieleba aucilebelia 

eqvemdebarebodes erTian misias, romlis miRweva SesaZlebeli 

xdeba taqtikuri amocanebis gansazRvris dros. kulturis 

sferos strategiuli dagegmareba unda xorcieldebodes 

kulturis yvela qvedargisTvis da sasurvelia gamoyenebuli 

iqnes Semdegi kriteriumebi: 

kulturis sferos saerTo-ekonomikuri ganviTareba, 

rac ganapirobebs ekonomikuri pirobebis formirebas, 

romlebic, Tavis mxriv, SeZlebs uzrunvelyos kulturis 

sferoSi moRvawe subieqtTa momsaxurebis bazris 

konkurentunarianoba da maRali safinanso-ekonomikuri 

Sedgebi; 

kulturis sferos dawesebulebebisa da sawarmoebis 

teqnikuri aRWurvisaken mimarTuli inovaciuri 

ganviTareba da yvela im samecniero miRwevaTa danergva 

da gamoyeneba, romelic xels uwyobs efeqturobasa 

da momsaxurebis xarisxis amaRlebas; 

kulturis sferos Semadgeneli instituciebis 

xelSewyoba Tanamderove bazarTan da moTxovnebTan 

mimarTebaSi, maTi ZiriTadi ekonomikuri parametrebis 

Semcirebis mniSvnelovani tendenciebis gansazRvra 

(msgavsi instituciebia: biblioTekebi, samecniero Tu 

sxva kulturul-dasasvenebeli dawesebulebebi, 

kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebi da sxva). 

kulturis sferos dafinansebis, mxardaWerisa da ganviTarebis 

msoflio gamocdilebam gviCvena, rom dafinansebis meqanizmis 

mixedviT, arsebobs kulturis ekonomikis sami ZiriTadi tipi: 

`romanuli~ tipi (mag.: italiaSi, espaneTSi, safrangeTSi), 

rodesac kultura finansdeba centralizebulad, saxelmwifo 

saxsrebis xarjze. italiaSi kulturuli aqciebisa da 

xelovnebis dafinansebis ganxorcielebis ufleba aqvT mxolod 

samTavrobo organizaciebs an saxelmwifos ndobiT aRWurvil 

kerZo pirebs. 

10 11


`germanuli~ ti pi, rac damaxasiaTebelia germaniis 

federaciuli respublikisa da skandinaviis qveynebisaTvis. am 

SemTxvevaSi centraluri xelisuflebis mier xorcieldeba 

mxolod paternaluri mxardaWera, xolo saxelmwifo 

dafinanseba, umeteswilad, adgilobrivi biujetebidan da 

damoukidebeli struqturebidan Tu fondebidan warmoebs. 

ànglo-amerikuli~ tipi, _ saxelmwifo gvevlineba garkveuli 

mimarTulebebis mxardamWerad, dafinanseba ki xorcieldeba 

kerZo kapitalis mozidvis, maT Soris, sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis 

xarjze. 

kulturis sferos marTvis Taviseburebebze saubrisas 

aucilebelia aRiniSnos kulturis sferos marketingis 

Taviseburebebic; zemoT aRniSnuli sakiTxebi ganapirobebs 

kulturis sferos, rogorc arakomerciuli saqmianobis, 

marketingis Taviseburebebs da komerciuli sferoebis 

tradiciuli marketingisagan gansxvavebiT sxvadasxva Srisgan 

Sedgeba. xSirad, arakomerciul sferoSi, gadaxdisunarianobis 

mqone subieqti da uSualo momxmarebeli erTi da imave pirs 

ar warmoadgens. magaliTad, kulturis sferos ti pur 

momxmareblebs ganekuTvneba sazogadoebis sxvadasxva segmenturi 

jgufi: bavSvebi, mozardebi, socialurad daucveli pirebi, 

unarSezRuduli da mzrunvelobas moklebuli sazogadoeba, 

veteranebi da sxv. maTTan muSaoba, ukamaToa, rom aucilebelia, 

magram vin anazRaurebs maTTvis gaweuli momsaxurebis 

safasurs? miRebuli produqtis (iqneba es speqtakli, warmodgena, 

gamofena, koncerti Tu sxva) safasuris nawils xSir SemTxvevaSi 

ixdis an mzrunveli/mSobeli, mxolod erTeul SemTxvevebSi 

finansdeba sabiujeto organizaciebisagan, xSir SemTxvevaSi 

ki msgavsi tipis RonisZiebebis gamarTva saqvelmoqmedo fondebis, 

donorebisa Tu sxvadasxva organizaciis patronaJiT 

xorciledeba. 

yvela zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare ki, kulturis sferos 

bazris Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb, SegviZlia davaskvnaT Semdegi: 

Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi kulturis sferoSi, ori sxvadasxva 

tipis bazari moqmedebs: momxmarebelTa bazari da donorTa 

bazari. sakmaod Znelia imis gansazRvra, Tu romelia maTgan 


pirveladi: jer ganisazRvreba momxmarebelTa moTxovnebi da 

Semdgom xdeba donorebis moZieba, Tu piriqiT – momxmareblis 

`SeZena~ warmoebs im donorTa interesebis uzrunvelsayofad, 

romlebic mzad arian gaiRon Tanxa am jgufebTan garkveuli 

saqmianobis Catarebis sanacvlod. 

• James Heilbrun - The Economics of Art and culture. 2007. 

• Iain Robertson - understanding international art markets and management 

2005. 

• Derrick Chong - Art management 2006. 

• Armstrong Gary – marketing and art management 2007. 

• Phillip Kotler – marketing – introduction. 2007. 

• Тульчинский Г. Л. Менеджмент в сфере культуры: Издательство «Лань» 

2009. 

• Данилец А.В. Управление культурой?// Петербургский репортер №6 

2002 . 

12 13

universitetis 

sadoqtoro programa 

dramisa da Teatris Teoria 

naSromebi ibeWdeba programis xelmZRvanelis rekomendaciiT 

statiis stili daculia 

programis xelmZRvaneli _ prof. mixeil kalandariSvili 

14 15

maka vasaZe 

doqtoranturis I kursi 

saubrebi robert sturuas 

`saTeatro enaze~ 

(robert sturuas saTeatro enis formirebis sakiTxisaTvis) 

àdamianze raRac unda Tqva axali, da es, ukve 

iwvevs formis TvalsazrisiTac axlis Seqmnas...~ 

robert sturua _ reJisori, rusTavelis Teatris samxatvro 

xelmZRvaneli; 

maka vasaZe _ Teatrmcodne, doqtoranturis I kursi 

m. v. _ zemoqmedebs Tu ara Tqvenze saxelovnebo Teoriuli 

kvlevebi, Teoriuli naSromebi? 

r. s. _ albaT, raRacnairad moqmedebs, qvecnobierad raRacas 

maZlevs. ver vityvi, rom me Teoretikosi var, magram, jer erTi, 

Tu Cemzea laparaki, mainteresebs, ras xedaven garedan Cems 

speqtaklebSi, ras fiqroben Cems Sesaxeb, Cemi Semoqmedebis 

Sesaxeb da daskvnebi mec gamomaqvs. es kargia. SeiZleba zogi 

ram me ar Camifiqrebia ase, ar vfiqrobdi ase, davuSvaT, rogorc 

amas Teatrmcodne, Teoretikosi, kritikosi xedavs da mec, 

cota gakvirvebuli, zogjer Cafiqrebuli, raRacas viReb iqidan. 

es ufro filosofiur mxares exeba... 

axla, bolos da bolos speqtaklebis dadgma yvelam iswavla. 

sxvis speqtaklebze rom mivdivar, imas ki ar vuyureb mxolod, 

rogor aris dadgmuli, aramed mainteresebs garkveuli ideebi, 

Sexeduleba samyaroze, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom azrovnebis mxare 

ufro mainteresebs: ra unda mas (reJisors) me miTxras, ra 

aRmoaCina axali, ra samyaro Seqmna, romelic ase Tu ise 

asaxavs ZiriTad problemebs, romlebic Cven yvelas gvaRelvebs. 

ase vTqvaT, filosofiuri mimarTulebiT ufro mainteresebs. 

rasakvirvelia, es yvelaferi, gamomsaxvelobiTi da ideur- 

Sinaarsobrivi datvirTva erTmaneTTan aris dakavSirebuli... 

maxsovs, farajanovma Tqva, rom ara aqvs mniSvneloba ras dgam, 

silamaze Tu aris, is ukve TavisTavad idea ariso. me mainc 

vTvli, rom adamianze raRac unda Tqva axali, da es, ukve 

iwvevs formis TvalsazrisiTac axlis Seqmnas... me mgoni, Tu 

SevZeli am asakSi raRac axali Sevqmna, mxolod amis wyalobiT, 

ai aseTi SegrZnebis wyalobiT. ase, rom es kargia rom weren, 

da es, me maZlevs obieqtur suraTs yvelaferze. 

m. v. _ me Teatrmcodneebi da kritikosebi ar migulisxmia, 

vgulisxmobdi sxvadasxva TeoretikosTa, filosofosTa, 

xelovnebaTmcodneTa, enaTmecnierTa da sxvaTa Teoriul 

naSromebs, romlebic ganixilaven sxvadasxva mimarTulebebs 

xelovnebaSi, qmnian axal Teoriebs... 

r. s. _ es CemTvis ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre kritikuli 

werilebi... 

m. v. _ arsebobs aseTi termini - `kinoena~, `Teatraluri, 

an saTeatro ena~, ram an vin moaxdina gavlena Tqveni saTeatro 

enis formirebis procesze? erT-erT interviuSi ambobT, rom 

30 wlis asakSi naxeT germaneli reJisoris beno besonis mier 

dadgmuli speqtakli da am dadgmam iqonia didi gavlena 

Tqvens Semdgom Semoqmedebaze, aseve mixeil baxtinis Sromam 

fransua rableze, mogviyeviT ufro vrclad amis Sesaxeb. 

r. s. _ roca Sen ginda raRac aRmoaCino, ufro swored, 

aRmoaCino ki ara, raRac idea gaqvs... da gawuxebs, magram ar 

ici, rogor Seasxa mas xorci, Sen uyureb speqtaklebs, romelic 

xSirad ar hgavs Sens speqtaklebs, magram xedav im 

SesaZleblobebs, romlebic axalgazrda kacisTvis TiTqos jerjerobiT 

warmoudgenelia rom scenaze ganaxorcielos. ai, 

uyureb raRac speqtakls, magaliTad, me pirvelad besonis 

`mSvidoba~ vnaxe aristofanes mixedviT da iq, mivxvdi, Tu 

SeiZleba ase iTqvas, ra Tavisufali palitra maqvs, ramxela 

SesaZleblobebi aqvs Teatrs, ramdeni ramis gakeTeba SeiZleba 

Turme. unda SeZlo da daamsxvrio raRaceebi, ai, rasac 

gvaswavlidnen, SeZlo im CarCoebidan gamosvla, romelSic Sen 

swavlis dros Cagayenes. amas me vgrZnobdi, magram ar mqonda 

amisTvis ostatoba. SemdgomSi vnaxe misi `drakoni~, isic 

araCveulebrivi speqtakli iyo, sxva bevri speqtaklic vnaxe 

iq. 10 wlis Semdeg, diuseldorfSi aRmovCndiT, erTsa da 

imave TeatrSi, besonma dadga iq Cexovi, magram me ar vicodi, 

rom misi speqtakli iyo, vuyurebdi da saSinlad ar momwonda. 

16 17

maka vasaZe 

mere direqtorma miTxra, unda gagacno beno besoni, aq ra 

unda-Tqo _ SevekiTxe, man mipasuxa, aq `Tolia~ dadgao. mivedi, 

velaparake, SevTavaze kidec, rom Camosuliyo, daedga speqtakli 

TbilisSi, rusTavelis TeatrSi. amas imitom vambob, rom is 

ukve TiTqos veRar ganviTarda. aq, bevri ar icnobs mis 

Semoqmedebas. ician mxolod, rom brextis mowafe iyo. 

m.v. besonma hainer miulerTan erTad daiwyo moRvaweoba 

TeatrSi, dgamda mis piesebsac. 

r.s. diax, erTad daiwyes da mere Caqra besonis saxeli. 

magram maSin, rodesac vnaxe, es iyo CemTvis didi aRmoCena, 

TiTqos raRac sxva sivrceSi gadamagdo am kacma Tavisi 

speqtaklebiT. mere ki veRar dgamda karg speqtaklebs. aman, 

sxvaTaSoris, Zalian damafiqra. mivxvdi kanonzomierebas, rom 

reJisori TeatrSi ar SeiZleba iyos didxans. bolos da 

bolos Seni SesaZleblobebi iwureba. SeuZlebelia, yvelafers 

Sens TavSi ver naxav. amitom, albaT, aris raRac garkveuli 

principebi, romlebic ar unda daiviwyo. magaliTad, vTvli, 

rom upirveles yovlisa, Zalian saRad unda Sexedo sakuTar 

SesaZleblobebs, sakuTar speqtaklebs da arasodes unda 

mogewonos Seni dadgmuli. Tu kargia, Sen is mTlianad unda 

daiviwyo. meore, _ mudmivad iyo raRac trenaJSi. vici, rom 

esec ar Svelis da mainc ar etyoba speqtakls, mainc raRac 

gadamRerebebia, raRac Stampebi. magram, Tu Cven davuSvaT, 

mivdivarT muzeumSi da Zalian gvixaria, Tu vcnobT visia 

naxati, magaliTad matisi, an rembrandti, da sul ar gvawuxebs 

is, rom misi xelwera erTi da igivea. anda, roca musikas 

usmenT da ambobT, rom es, vicani, beThovenia, mocartia an 

stravinski... TeatrSi ase ar amboben, TeatrSi amboben ase, _ 

nu, isev es aris?! iq uaryofiTad giTvlian Sens xelweras, 

rogorc daStampuls, amitom vfiqrob rom... 

Teatri TviTon Seicavs gardasaxvas. msaxiobs rodesac 

vuyurebT, vxedavT, rom isic adamiania, rom isic sxeulia, 

romelsac Cven vicnobT, magram Tu vnaxeT axali, axali ramis 

Seqmna, Cven gvixaria. sxva xelovnebis dargSi es ar aris 

aucilebeli. e. i. Cven, Teatris xalxi, cota ufro rTul 

mdgomareobaSi varT, vidre, davuSvaT, sxva xelovnebis dargis 

saubrebi robert sturuas `saTeatro enaze~ 

moRvaweni. magaliTad: Teatrze aravin ar ityvis, ar mesmiso. 

musikaze Zalian mSvidad amboben, _ kargia, vgrZnob rom kargia, 

genialuria, magram me ar momwons, ar mesmis. Teatrze, speqtaklze 

amboben ase: ar varga... ar momwons... ar ityvian ar mesmis, 

imitom rom TavisTavad Teatri sarkea da cxovrebaa, _ viRaca 

viRacas uyvars, iseTi siuJetebia, rom Sen ggonia, rom gesmis. 

Seecado Teatris WeSmarit (namdvil) axsnas, esec Zalian 

rTuli saqmea. TiTebze SeiZleba CamovTvaloT adamianebi, visac 

marTla SeuZlia mixvdes speqtaklis Canafiqrs, imas Tu ra 

aris Teatri. asevea kinoc. Tumca kinoSi aris iseTi ram, rom 

SegiZlia Tqva, rogorc musikalur xelovnebaze, rom cota 

Zneli gasagebia, ar mitacebs da a. S.. 

m. v _ xelwera Teatrsa da kinoSi mainc arsebobs, magaliTad 

o. ioselianis filmebi rom aviRoT, ramdenime kadris naxvis 

Semdeg, xvdebi, rom es ioselianis filmia. 

r. s. _ mixvdebi, rogor ar mixvdebi, ara marto imiT, Tu 

rogor ayenebs kadrs, aramed Seicnob azrovnebiT. 

m. v. _ Tqven Seqspiris 37 piesidan 17 ganaxorcieleT. 

1979 wels `riCard mesame~ rusTavelis TeatrSi, `hamleti~ 

londonis `riversaid studiaSi~ (1986 w.) alan rikmaniT 

hamletis rolSi (Seqspiris sazogadoebam es dadgma, bolo 50 

wlis manZilze Seqmnil 10 saukeTeso speqtakls Soris 

daasaxela), `mefe liri~ rusTavelis TeatrSi (1987 w.), 

`makbeti~ (1995 w.), 1998 wels moskovSi Teatr `satirikonSi~ 

_ `venecieli vaWari~, 2002 da 2006 wels orjer ganaxorcieleT 

`hamletis~ dadgma rusTavelis TeatrSi, 2002 wels `rogorc 

geneboT, anu Sobis meTormete Rame~ rusTavelSi, 2010 wels 

moskovSi, Teatr Èt Cetera~-Si Sedga `qariSxlis~premiera. 

r. s. _ modi daviTvaloT: daviwyoT qronologiurad, _ 

`SecdomaTa komedia~ fineTSi, nacionalur TeatrSi davdgi, 

erT-erTi saukeTeso Cemi speqtaklia. mere SvedeTSi `sawyauli, 

sawyaulis wil~; mere `hamleti~ xuTjer davdgi, orjer aq 

TbilisSi, erTxel moskovSi, erTxel britaneTSi, erTxel 

TurqeTSi, `riCard III~, `mefe liri~, `meTormete Rame, anu 

rogorc geneboT~, `venecieli vaWari~, `romeo da julieta~, 

`makbeti~, Às you laike it~ _ germaniaSi, `qariSxali~, `venecieli~ 

18 19

maka vasaZe 

orjer – erTxel moskovSi, erTxel argentinaSi, `mefe liri~ 

aq da israelSi, `koreolani~... 

m. v. _ piter bruki Tavis werilSi `Seqspiri Cvens droSi~ 

wers: `Cven vxedavT, rom TeatrSi msaxiobebi, mxatvrebi da 

reJisorebi Tavs imtvreven, Zalisxmevas ar iSureben, scenebis 

aranJirebis problemis gadawyvetaze, maTTvis damTavrebuli 

formis, erTiani Tanmimdevruli stilis misacemad da ver 

acnobiereben, rom es problema SeiZleba sinamdvileSi arc 

arsebobdes. rogorc aRmosavleli brZeni, galiidan Citis 

amoyvanisas, taSs Semokravs da wamoiZaxebs ài isic!~, Cvenc 

ukuvagdebT ra aseul tomebs, romlebSic Seqspiris mkvlevrebi 

daoben Seqspiris piesebis amoxsnaze, SegviZlia SemovkraT taSi 

da wamoviZaxoT ài, rogori unda iyos!~ 1 rogoria Tqveni 

damokidebuleba Seqspirisadmi da Tqveni midgoma Seqspiris 

piesebis interpretaciisas, Tqveneuli koncefciis misadagebisas? 

ratom ubrundebiT xolme erTsa da imave piesas? 

r. s. _ zogjer vubrundebi imitom, rom daukmayofileblobis 

grZnoba maqvs, zogjer vimeoreb, magram zustad gameoreba 

mainc ar gamodis. ai, `meTormete Rame~ yvelaze metad gavimeore 

bulgareTSi, dekoraciac igive iyo... magram iq ufro Sevamcire 

scenebi, bulgarelebi iyvnen Camosulebi, naxes rusTavelSi 

dadgmuli `meTormete Rame~ da miTxres Cveni jobiao. 

vimeoreb sxvadasxva mizeziT. zogjer geZaxian da 

geubnebian: ai, es dadgio. magaliTad israelSi mTxoves damedga 

`mefe liri~. Zalian cnobili msaxiobia ioseb polaki da 

misTvis davdgi, magram msaxiobi ver Cajda im speqtaklSi, verc 

erTma msaxiobma ver SeZlo im stilis gageba. gamovida 

msaxioburad Zalian susti. droc ar mqonda. 

m. v. _ Tqven ramdenjerme ganaxorcieleT `hamletis~, 

Seqspiris yvelaze filosofiuri piesis, dadgma. ratom? risi 

Tqma gsurdaT kidev? raSi mdgomareobda axali interpretacia? 

axali midgoma? 

r. s. _ maxsovs, `hamlets~ roca vdgamdi britaneTSi, 

klavdiuss da mamis aCrdils TamaSobda erTi da igive msaxiobi, 

_ Zalian kargi, cnobili Sotlandieli msaxiobi. davamTavreT 

speqtakli, premiera viTamaSeT, movida CemTan da meubneba: robiko 


ai, axla, unda dagvewyo Tavidan repeticiebio, axla me mivxvdi, 

ra mimarTulebiT da rogor unda viTamaSo Sens speqtaklebSio... 

xSirad Teatrebi, sadac me manamde ar mimuSavia, Tanac Seqspirze, 

ver aswreben swored gaaanalizon is, rasac me maT vTavazob. 

rac Seexeba Tqvens mier moyvanil brukis citatas, me principSi 

ase vdgam. rasakvirvelia vkiTxulob Teatrmcodneebis 

interpretaciebs Seqspiris Sesaxeb... zogierTi raRacas 

mkarnaxobs. erTi ingliseli avtoris citata mohyavda aniqsts, 

rom `riCard III~, es aris, yvelaze mxiaruli tragedia. aman 

momca raRac garkveuli ufleba, damedga, rogorc Savi komedia; 

samwuxarod, albaT Zalian logikurad, aq ar icinodnen, imitom 

rom, is ambebi, romelic xdeba, yvelas Tavis istorias axsenebda, 

1937 weli da a. S., amitom ar icinodnen. londonSi, edinburgSi 

rom viTamaSeT, siciliT iwyeboda speqtakli da siciliT 

mTavrdeboda. ramazma (ramaz CxikvaZe m. v.) miTxra antraqtSi, 

_ biWo Cven mgoni komedia davdgiTo. me vuTxari _ xo, 

mxolod Savi. Zalian kargad miiRes es Janri. jer erTi, 

ingliselebi iumorTan Zalian axlos arian, meorec, maTi istoria 

aranakleb sisxliania, vidre Cveni, magram Soreuli istoriaa. 

XIX_XX saukuneebSi maTi qveyana ukve demokratiisken 

miiswrafoda da aRar xdeboda is saSinelebebi, rac CvenTan, 

gasul saukuneSi. daaxloebiT ase viqcevi. me ar maxsovda es 

citata, Zalian sworad wers es kaci, yvelam Tavisi Citi unda 

amoiyvanos galiidan. 

m. v. _ 2010 wlis seqtemberSi, moskovis TeatrSi Èt 

Cetera~ Tqven dadgiT Seqspiris `qariSxali~. ruseTSi erTerTi 

JurnalistisTvis micemul interviuSi ambobT, rom 

prospero, es aris hamleti wlebis Semdeg, maSin rom ar 

momkvdariyo, prosperosaviT uars ityoda SurisZiebaze. me 

maxsendeba nekroSusis koncefcia am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, 

mis `hamletSi~, bolo scenaSi, mama gaacnobierebs ra Tavis 

danaSauls - misma mowodebam SurisZiebisaken Svili daRupa, 

`dahbRavis~ (am sityvis sruli mniSvnelobiT) Tavis Svils... 

es epizodi sulisSemZvrelia da arasdros gaqreba Cemi 

mexsierebidan. 

20 21

maka vasaZe 

r. s. _ me Sevitane erTi patara, SeiZleba, didi koreqtura. 

me viwyeb speqtakls ase, _ prospero qariSxals moawyobs, am 

dros Semodis misi qaliSvili TojiniT xelSi, is piesis 

mixedviT daaxloebiT 13 wlisaa. gagiJdeba, igi xedavs, rom 

mamamisi aris magi, man ar icoda amis Sesaxeb. iwyeba dialogi 

maT Soris. gogona eubneba, _ mama Tqven Tu es gaakeTeT, 

Zalian gTxovT xalxi gadaarCineT. prospero upasuxebs: Sen 

nu geSinia, isini yvelani gadarCnen.Bbunebrivia,Amas ar sjera. 

es qariSxali Zalian kargad movifiqre, Zalian kargad aris 

dadgmuli... fardis gaxsnisas prospero zis savarZelSi da 

ver gaigeb, Tvlems Tu ara. didi TeTri oTaxia, daaxloebiT 

didi saxelosnos zomis. prospero cota Sors zis da kargad 

ar Cans, sZinavs Tu ara. gamodis arieli pirdapir paltodan, 

iq prosperos palto hkidia. jadosnur mosasxams rom uwodebs, 

ai, im mosasxamidan gamodis. win dgas boTlebi, rogorc qimiur 

laboratoriaSia xolme kolbebi, magram kolbebi ar davdgiT, 

sul erTi ori kolba, danarCeni Zalian lamazi, Txeli SuSis 

boTlia. am boTlebze ukravs, diriJorobs, mere midis 

prosperosTan, iqiT gaixedavs, dainaxavs, kalibanic fexebTan 

uwevs, rogorc ZaRli. prosperos xelSi raRac qaRaldi aqvs. 

iRebs am qaRalds frTxilad, piriT, ise, rom ar gamoaRviZos. 

arieli kiTxulobs. es, TiTqos, siaa imisa, Tu ra unda gaakeTos. 

Sexedavs kars, xels gaiSvers da kari gaiReba. iq, TiTqos 

SuSabandia, kari iReba da arieli wava. mere dgeba prospero, 

acmeven jadosnur mosasxams, es SeiZleba labadaa, garegnulad 

didi araferi. Cafiqrdeba da wevs xelebs maRla, zemodan 

Camodis patara ialqniani gemi. prospero aTvalierebs gems, 

Camoxsnis, uceb uSvebs xels da mTeli oTaxi gadaiqceva 

zRvad. prospero dgas da xels gahkravs xolme roca gemi 

Cerdeba. swored am dros Semodis gogona, romelic SokSia. 

mamamisi ki eubneba, rom xalxi ar daiRupeba. magram gogona 

xedavs, rom isini yvirian da iRupebian. gogona gabrazebuli 

da acremlebuli tovebs mamas. mama is ar aRmoCnda, vinc mas 

egona. raRac momentSi Semobrundeba, Cven vxedavT sisxlis 

laqas kabaze. stresis gamo igi pirvelad gadaiqca qalad. 

mama ibneva, mayurebeli xvdeba, ra rTuli iyo am gogonas 


gazrda mamisTvis. prospero mouxmobs ariels, daawvenen gogonas 

da prosperoc iwyebs moyolas Tu ra moxda sinamdvileSi. man 

unda Suri iZios da amitom moiyvana es xalxi aq. Suris 

SegrZneba mas uZlierdeba. 

m. v. _ im momentSi? 

r. s. _ sul, TiTqmis mTeli speqtaklis ganmavlobaSi. 

aris aseTi scena, _ SemoaqvT patara Tojinebi, romlebsac 

Camokidebs. ariels uxaria, hgonia rom raRac saTamaSoa (is 

qalia) da mere es Crdilebad gadadis ukan (Zalian kargi 

ganaTebaa!). arieli xvdeba ras apirebs prospero. misTvis es 

warmoudgenelia, magram konfliqts ver iwyebs, imitom rom 

prospero misi patronia da maszea damokidebuli, gauSvebs Tu 

ara, gaaTavisuflebs Tu ara tyveobidan. Cven ukve gvgonia, rom 

is Surs iZiebs. Camokideben am adamianebs, sam kacs: mis Zmas, 

neapolis mefes da vinc apirebda mefis mokvlas. eseni ise 

dganan, TiTqos gveli rom uyurebs msxverpls. 

m. v. _ dahipnozirebulebi? 

r. s. _ dahipnozirebulebi, TiTqos beds mindobilebi. 

TiTqos winaaRmdegobis gaweva aRar SeuZliaTo. prosperom 

ukve niSani unda misces, rom gaixsnas qveviT ormoebi (liukebi). 

am dros raRac saocari Suqi ecema zemodan; prospero brmavdeba 

da ecema. rodesac mosulierdeba ar icis ra mouvida. ai ise, 

guli rom wagiva da gons moxval, da ar ici ra mogivida. 

gons rom mova, gaixedavs ukan, dainaxavs maT da ambobs _ `me 

vpatiob, yvelas vpatiob~. me aq aviRe pavles da savles istoria. 

prospero bolomde midioda, SurisZiebamde. raRac saswauli 

moxda, marto religiur saswauls ki ar vgulisxmob, raRac 

saswauli moxda masSi. 

m. v. _ mis cnobierebaSi? 

r. s. _ TviTon masSi. ucbad es boroteba motrialda. ai, 

aseTi gadawyveta maqvs. SeqspirTan ki Tavidanve krebs am 

xalxs imisTvis, rom Seurigdes, apatios. miuxedavad imisa, 

rom SeqspirTanac aris iseTi pasaJebi, rodesac ggonia, rom es 

xalxi, misi mtrebi SurisZiebis mizniT, dasasjelad moiyvana. 

ai, aseTi koncefcia gvqonda. 

m. v. _ speqtakli saaTnaxevari midis? 

22 23

maka vasaZe 

r. s. _ diax saaTnaxevari, Zalian kargad SevamcireT. 

kritikosebs SeeSindaT. mere mividnen saxlSi, daiwyes kiTxva 

da naxes, rom arc erTi scena ar iyo amoRebuli garda 

bernardos da prosperos qaliSvilis qorwilis scenisa. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom vicodi, rogor unda gamekeTebina es 

scena, zedmetad CavTvale. 

m. v. _ saTeatro xelovnebis romeli mimarTuleba aris 

TqvenTvis ufro misaRebi? _ aristoteles poetika iyo pirveli 

Teoriuli, sistemuri naSromi, Semdeg stanislavskim, sakuTar 

gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT Seqmna garkveuli sistema samsaxiobo, 

sareJisoro xelovnebis dauflebisa, Semdeg brexti mTlianad 

cvlis ukve arsebuls da qmnis axals, grotovskis Teatri da 

a. S.. 

r. s. _ iciT ra, me ar SemiZlia, rom ar gavakeTo analizi 

martivad, adamianur enaze, msaxiobTan roca vlaparakob, man 

unda icodes es yvelaferi. mere viwyeb, ase vTqvaT, samyaros 

`realisturi motivaciebis~ niadagze agebas, im Teatraluri 

samyarosi, romelic iqmneba TeatrSi, romelic SeiZleba naxo. 

mere me avageb, davuSvaT, raRac formebs... is, TiTqos mowyvetilia 

cxovrebas, magram safuZvlad udevs absoluturad 

cxovrebiseuli fsiqologia da motivaciac da a. S., rac 

axasiaTebs am Teatrs. ai, axla, vdgam Tamaz WilaZis piesas, is 

tragi-komikur fantasmagorias eZaxis, da marTlac, misi 

saukeTeso piesaa, ai, axla, Cven vmuSaobT am piesaze. 

m. v. _ romel piesaze muSaobT? 

r. s. _ `nadirobis sezoni~ da axla im process gavdivarT, 

romelic, Cemi azriT, unda gaiaros yvela piesam. aviRoT, Tundac 

balanCinis, an romelime Tanamedrove baletis nimuSi. iq, xedav, 

mocekvaveebma ician is, rasac klasikur `dazgas~ uwodeben. 

vinaidan isini gazrdilebi arian baletis tradiciul skolaze. 

mere, rasac davuSvaT akeTeben genialuri qoreografebi, es 

ukve amdidrebs maT da Sen xedav, rom safuZvelSi devs is, 

rac unda iyos yvelgan. me ase vfiqrob. SeiZleba Zalian 

pirobiTi iyos, Zalian farsuli iyos, groteskuli iyos, magram 

mayurebeli rom modis, man unda amoicnos ra movlenasTan 

gvaqvs Cven saqme. Tu es ar amoicno, speqtaklze ityvis kargia, 


moewoneba sanaxaoba, magram meti araferi, me ase mgonia. SeiZleba 

sxvac aris. minaxavs speqtaklebi, sadac praqtikulad... isic 

momwonebia, magram me... magaliTad avstraliaSi vnaxe 

niderlandebis Teatri, maSin modaSi iyo rasac eZaxian 

`Happening~-ebs. es iyo saocari, CemTvis Zalian mniSvnelovani 

warmodgena. siuJeti ar arsebobda, is, rasac moyvebi. mgoni, 

adamianis vnebebze iyo laparaki sakmaod Tamamad da iseT 

formebSi, romelic me arasodes ar minaxavs. me da Janri 

(lolaSvili m. v.) viyaviT erTad. Zalian didi STabeWdileba 

moaxdina, magram me mainc momxre var polistilistikuri Janris, 

Tu SeiZleba Janrad CaiTvalos. me meCveneba adamiani TeatrSi, 

miTumetes Tu is Teatri kargia, erT dReSi gadis yvela 

Janrs. jer Sen dilas dgebi da raRac cud xasiaTze xar, mere 

uceb raRac gagaxarebs, mere iwyeb raRacis keTebas da komikur 

situaciaSi vardebi. es ar aris marto Cemi, Cveni mogonili, 

Cveni aRmoCena, piriqiT. axla rasac vdgam, albaT, amiT visargebleb. 

cxovrebis obieqturi asaxva ufro xdeba aseT Sereul JanrebSi. 

1. П. Брук, Шекспир в наше время, Жур.нал Англия, 1964б №2 

(Ежеквартальрый журнал о сегодняшней жизни в Великобритании). 

2. Р. Должанский, Жур. «Власть», № 38 (892) , 27.09.2010 

24 25


doqtoranturis III kursi 


(aRorZinebis epoqis magaliTze) 

istoriulad cnobili da aRiarebulia, rom italiaa pirveli 

qveyana, sadac daiwyo aRorZinebis epoqa (XIII saukunis 50iani 

wlebidan) da Semdgom mTeli evropa `daipyro~ (XIV- 

XVII saukuneebamde). Tumca, araerTi mecnieris azriT, XII 

saukunis saqarTvelos kulturul-politikuri viTarebidan 

gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia visaubroT qarTvelTa renesansul 

periodze. sakmarisia Tvali gadavavloT XI-XII saukuneebis 

qarTuli saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri azris moZraobas, rom 

masSi davinaxavT aRorZinebis sawyissa da aRmasvlis gzas. 

Tundac ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis (1103 w.) masalebSi 

Cawerilia fraza adamianis Rirsebaze, romelic renesansuli 

ideebis matarebelia: `da pirvelad episkoposni vinme RirsebiT 

Semosrulni pativsa mRvdelmTavrobisasa da uRirsni qristes 

pirvelisa mis mwyemsTmTavrisani ganvkueTeniT ucxo vyvyeniT 

mRvdelobisagan~, 1 _ es gaxlavT ruis-urbnisis saeklesio 

krebis `Zeglisweris~ pirvel paragrafSi. ruis-urbnisis 

saeklesio krebaze, rogorc viciT, miiRes dadgenileba, romelSiac 

Teziss _ adamianis Rirsebis Sesaxeb, ZiriTadi, SeiZleba iTqvas, 

centraluri adgili uWiravs. `renesansi ki iwyeboda yvelgan, 

sadac iRviZebda adamianis pirovnuli Segneba, sadac kulturis 

maRali done xels uwyobda axali azris damkvidrebas, sakuTari 

arsebis Secnobas, sakuTari pirovnebis TviTaRzrdas, 

TviTSeqmnas~. 2 

renesansis epoqis pirveli niSani ki gaxldaT antikuri 

periodis qveynebis msgavsi akademiebis Seqmna, iseTi, rogoric 

Seiqmna saqarTveloSi; `daviT aRmaSeneblis mier, rogorc 

cnobilia, daarsda gelaTis akademia, romelic faqtiurad 

pirveli qarTuli universitetia, xolo ioane petriwi pirveli 

reqtori _ `moZRvarT-moZRuari~, sadac xelovnebasTan erTad 

iswavleboda filosofia, Teologiuri Tu sqolastikuri 

naSromebi.~ 3 aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom amgvari akademia 

florenciaSi daarsda 1459 wels, sadac TvalsaCinoT iyo 

platonizmisa da neoplatonizmis ideebis gavlena, romlis 

warmomadgenlebi cdilobdnen RvTismetyvelebisagan 

ganecalkevebinaT filosofia. 

istoria gvamcnobs, rom imdroindel saqarTveloSi didi 

kulturuli aRmSeneblobiTi saqmianoba mimdinareobda, romelic 

daiwyo ra daviT aRmaSenelblis dros, warmatebiT gagrZelda 

Tamaris mefobis xanaSic. aigo cixe-darbazebi, eklesia-monastrebi, 

saavadmyofoebi, xidebi... gahyavdaT gzebi, kldeSi ikveTeboda 

mTeli qalaqebi, ganviTarda kedlis mxatvroba anu xatwera. 

renesansis epoqis Teatri, xelovnebis sxva dargebis, 

literaturisa da mecnierebis msgavsad, yalibdeboda da 

viTardeboda antikuri xelovnebis gavleniT. gavixsenoT daviT 

aRmaSeneblis `galobani sinanulisani~. garda imisa, rom es 

nawarmoebi Sua saukuneebis qarTuli kulturis ideologiuri 

da esTetikuri mrwamsis gamoxatulebaa, igi eZRvneba sasuliero 

lirikaSi Rrmad damuSavebul (efrem asuris, ioseb da Teodore 

studiteebis, andria kretelis, ioane damaskelis da sxvaTa 

sagaloblebi) sinanulis motivs da amiT daviT IV Tavisi 

wvlili Seitana qarTuli himnografiis ganviTarebaSic. esaa 

Zegli, romelic gvawvdis XI-XII saukuneebis saqarTvelos 

ideologiuri brZolis, mxatvrul-kulturuli moZraobis, 

kerZod Teatris amsaxvel informaciasac, rac Tavis mxriv 

moiTxovs Seswavlas. 

`galobani~ _ gvauwyebs mefis aRsarebas _ èllinTa mieri 

vercnoba sibrZneTa RmrTisaTa, RmrTisa da Semoqmedisagan 

SeqmnilTa mimarT cvaleba TayuaniscemisaÁ vsrulyav, raJams 

TiToeulisa vnebisa kerpsa vmsaxure~. 4 

am sityvebSi igrZnoba antikuris reabilitaciisa da 

restavraciis survili da neba, rac ara marto filosofiiT 

da (`sibrZniT~) SemoizRudeboda, aramed Seicavda elinuri 

kultebis gamococxlebas (`Tayvaniscemisai srulvyav~), SeiZleba 

dionises, demetres misteriebis aRdgenasac (`TiToeulisa vnebisa 

kerpsa vemsxure~). am mniSvnelovan mxatvrul-kulturul 

moZraobas TviT mefe daviT aRmaSenebeli edga saTaveSi, rogorc 

26 27


im drois saxelganTqmuli ritori da mwignobari. warmodgena 

rom viqonioT, Tu raoden RirsSesaniSnavi unda yofiliyo es 

winarenesansuli viTareba, daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosis 

nawarmoebs davimowmeb iq, sadac daviT aRmaSeneblis didgoris 

omSi saarako gamarjvebas aRwers istorikosi, iqve aRniSnavs: 

àra did iyav aqilevi, aramed didsa miemTxvie maqebelsa umiross. 

rameTu ocdarva wel gangrZnobasa troadelTa brZolisasa 

verara Rirsi qebisa iqmna. xolo mefisa daviTisi esodenTa 

mimarT winaganwyoba samJamde iyo. da verc pirvelsa keTebasa 

SeuZles winadadgomad. hqonebodemsca amaT brZenTa (homerosi, 

aristotele da ioseb flaviosi) TxrobaTa nivTad saqmeni 

daviTisni, da maTmca aRweres jerovnad maTebr ritorobisa 

da maSinaRmca Rirsqmnil iyvnes jerovansa qebasa da eseni 

esoden,~ 5 aq, ukve Cans, Rrma codna antikuri poeturi 

filosofiuri da istoriuli mwerlobisa, antikuri ritorikisa, 

istoriuli mecnierebis meTodisa, istoriis obieqtis da 

istorikosis urTierTmimarTebis gagebisa da antikuri 

memkvidreobisadmi kritikuli midgomisa; da aq mJRavndeba, 

antikuri warsulis da erovnuli Tanamedroveobis SerwymiT, 

patriotuli suliskveTebac. aseTi ram ki SesaZlebeli iyo im 

viTarebaSi, rodesac èlinTa mieris~ Tayvaniscema, èlinTa 

mieris vnebaTa kerpTa msaxureba~ im zomamde iyo gavrcelebuli, 

rom mefes sinanulis galobas aTqmevinebda. 

`saqarTveloSi XI_XII saukuneTa mijnaze, ukve antikuris 

reabilitaciiT da restavraciiT Semzadebuli iyo niadagi 

renesansisaTvis, rac esoden xelsayrel viTarebas uqmnida 

erovnuli poeziis da saxiobis, mxatvrobis da xuroTmoZRvrebis 

oqromqandakeblobis, keramikis, qsova-qargulobis, filosofiur 

da istoriul sityvakazmulobis ganviTarebas~. 6 

ivane javaxiSvilis sityviT, daviT aRmaSenebelis 

imdroisaTvis gasaocari da mravalmxrivi ganaTleba sxvaTa 

Soris imiTac kargad mtkicdeba, rom arabi istorikosis ibn 

al-jauzis mowmobiT, mas sufiebisa da poetebisTvisac 

TavSesafari augia, xSirad qonebrivadac daxmareba gauwevia 

da maT sadResaswaulo mejlisebsac umarTavda. aRsaniSnavia 

is faqti, rom saqarTveloSi winarenesansuli xana ar iyo 


mxolod antikuris reabilitaciis da restavraciis xana, mis 

paralelurad mimdinareobda qarTuli miTologiis aRdgenac 

da misi mniSvnelobis Sesabamisad gamoyeneba. es ori nakadi 

erTmaneTs erwymoda da mTlian procesSi erTiandeboda, niadags 

umzadebda XII-XIII saukuneTa mijnaze mxatvrul-kulturul 

aRmavlobas, romlis mwvervals rusTavelis `vefxistyaosani~ 

warmoadgens. 

XII-XIII saukuneTa mijnaze daviT aRmaSenebelis mier 

wamowyebulma saganmanaTleblo reformam xeli Seuwyo 

miTologiuri Sinaarsis ZvelqarTveluri misteriebis aRdgenas 

da gavrcelebas, ris mowmobac naTlad aris aRbeWdili da 

warmodgenili, daviT aRmaSeneblis sagaloblebSi. es, daviT 

aRmaSeneblis aRsarebaa: `gmirTa siRodaTa mavalobaÁ... ufroÁsad 

vamravalwile~ 7 . `siRoda~ Zveli qarTuli `saxiobis~ (poeturi 

sityvis, cekvis, simReris, sakravieri musikis sinTezirebuli 

sanaxaobis) sinonimia. 

am epoqaSi `gmirTa siRodaTa mavaloba~-s meSveobiT, eTnikurmiTologiuri, 

erovnuli istoriuli gmirebis reabilitacia, 

Tanadrouli gmirebis kultis Seqmnas mxars ubamda mose 

xonelis àmiran-darejaniani~, iona SavTelis àbdulmesiani~, 

CaxruxaZis `Tamariani~, am drois istorikosTa da filosofosTa 

Txzulebani da am moZraobis mwvervals warmoadgens SoTa 

rusTavelis `vefxistyaosani~. ès procesi amis Semdegac didxans 

grZeldeboda, gavixsenoT, rom XIV saukuneSic ki zemosvaneTis 

sof. laSTxveris eklesiis garekedelze ixateboda amiranis 

veSapebTan Sebma da baybaydevTan omi, xolo saferxulo 

repertuari svaneTsa da raWaSi dRemde Tavs iwonebda amiranis 

ciklis simRerebiT~ 8 . 

`siRoda~ dionisuri sazeimo msvlelobis aRmniSvnelic 

iyo. antikuris reabilitaciam, miTologiur da istoriul 

gmirTa kultisadmi gacxovelebulma interesma gamoiwvia 

mwerlobasa da saxiobaSi qarTul da berZnul RvTaebaTa 

simboloebsa da metaforebSi warmosaxva. aman ki, Tavis mxriv, 

aRZra miTologiuri codnis aucilebloba da moTxovnileba. 

damaxasiaTebelia, rom eqvTime aTonelis mier Sedgenili `mcire 

sjulis kanoni~ gverdi-gverd ixseniebs warmarTul qarTul 

28 29


da elinur RvTaebebs: `kulad saxelisdebani igi sawarmarToTa 

kerpTani, romelni maT RmerTad Seeracxnes romelnime mamaTa 

da romelnime dedaTa _ srulad moispen: dios, anu apolos, 

anu artems, anu boCi da gaci da badageon da armaz (anu) 

romel igi wne xasa yurZnisasa bilwisa mas dionises saxels 

ityvian da sicilsa aRazrzenen ese yoveli saeSmako ars da 

moispen... egreTve ganqiqebulad rokvani dedaTani nuRaramca 

iqnebian da romelni igi daTuTa memRerni vlen savneblad 

mravalTa ese yoveli moispen.~ 9 

winarenesansul viTarebaSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs 

interesi da miswrafeba elinuri miTologiisadmi, XI saukunis 

meore naxevarSi didma qarTvelma filologma, filosofosma 

da mTargmnelma efrem mcirem nonnes (VI s.) èlinTa zRaprobani~ 

Targmna, raSiac ilia abulaZis TqmiT 10 , man sakuTari SeniSvnebic 

ara mciredi CaurTo. es èlinTa zRaprobani~ warmoadgens 

grigol nazianzelis SromebSi naxseneb miTologemebis 

ganmartebas. mevenaxeobis da dramatuli xelovnebis RvTaebis 

dionises miTs efrem mcire gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT moekida 

da gamoxata es gmir-RvTaeba `mompovneblad Rvinisa, 

gamomgoneblad venaxisa~ da misi dResaswauli warmoadgina, 

rogorc `mwyobri stvirosTa da selinozTa, TanmrokvalTa 

dionvisisaTa~. aqvea ganmartebuli is elinuri sxva kerpebi, 

romelTa msaxurebaze miuTiTebs daviT aRmaSenebeli da romlis 

kultis saqarTveloSi arseboba dasturdeba mcxeTis, sarkines, 

Zalisis, vanis, biWvinTis arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT. gasagebia, 

rom nonne, dionises misterias warmogvidgens damgmobi 

aTvaliswunebiT `falosni da iTvifalosni bilw arian 

saTqmelad da sasmenelad, rameTu bilwebisaebr dionisasa 

dResaswaulisa missa mzorvelni igi misni damoikideben kerpebsa 

rasme mamal-dedalTa sarcxvinebelisasa da esreT uSverad 

mzorveloben~ 11 . im dros mkiTxvelni, mayurebel-msmeneli elinur 

miTologias ecnoboda qristianul wyevla-krulvaSi gaxveuls, 

magram etyoba aguna-dionises dResaswaulebi imdenad farTod 

iyo gavrcelebuli da wes-CveulebaSi mtkiced Camjdari, rom 

qristiani mefeebic ki iZulebuli iyvnen maTSi monawileoba 

mieRoT (aki daviT aRmaSenebeli ambobs: èlinTa mieri... 

TiTeulisa vnebisa kerpsa vmsaxure~ 12 ). 


erT-erT sagalobelSi daviT aRmaSenebeli acxadebs: 

`TiToeulsa mxecTagan Sezavebulsa mxecsa vemsgavse 

mravalguarsa da mravalxats da sxua Jam sxvebr xilulsa 

da mvsinvarsa bunebisamebr TiToeulisa~ 13 . 

gavixsenoT, rom xalibebs, herodites mowmobiT, spilenZis 

muzaradebi exuraT, muzaradebze iyo xaris yurebi da rqebi 

spilenZisgan nakeTebi. adamianis saxis `Sezaveba~ pirutyvis, 

nadiris mimsgavsebiT e. i., tyaosnoba, uZvelesi droidan 

damaxasiaTebeli iyo qarTveluri saxilvel-nadirobisaTvis, 

qarTulma zepirsityvierebamac xom Semogvinaxa: àwyverSi 

daviarebi, rogorc iremi rqiani, nadirsa vwyvetam, musrs vaden, 

ar gadamrCeba fxaini, vefxi, focxveri, mgelkaci, pirgableSkili 

Riani~ 14 . mefeebic ki `tyaosnobas~ misdeven, mxecTagan 

mimsgavsebiT warmoidginebodnen, vaxtang gorgasalsa `Seeqmna 

Cabalaxi oqrosi da gamoesua winaT mgeli da ukanaT lomi~ 15 . 

gavixsenoT tarielis vefxistyaosnobac da tyaosanTa saxiobis 

aRwerilobac: èrTs Semoses spilos tyavi da meores 

martorqisa... mexuTesa lomis tyavi, meeqvsesa vefxvT Tavisa... 

mecxres veSapis tyavi mosavs da meaTes didi Tevzis~ 16 . yovelive 

amisda mixedviT daviT aRmaSeneblis sagaloblis sityvebi 

`TiToeulsa mxecTagan Sezavebulsa vemsgavse mraval-guarsa 

da mrval-xatsa~ 17 , ise unda gavigoT, rom nadirobis, laSqrobis 

da saxilvelis wesisa da gangebis mixedviT, daviT aRmaSenebelic 

tyaosnobda. 

saxilvelis istoriis, Teatris istoriis TvalsazrisiT 

gansakuTrebiT sagulisxmoa amocnoba da amokiTxva daviT 

aRmaSeneblis poeturi qmnilebis erT-erTi sagaloblisa: 

`sakurTxad RvTismSoblad gqadagebT, uxrwnelo qalwulo, da 

gurwams viTarmed pativi xatisa Senisa, Sendami wiaR-momavals 

da RvTis-metyvelTaebr codvilTa moqcevas aniSneb, mis mier 

viTarca cxad hyofs Teatro igi mrCobelTa soflisaÁ _ 

sikeTe egviptisa Rirsi mariam~ 18 . 

qarTul enas, uZvelesi droidan gaaCnda sakuTrad 

TavisTavadi termini `saxilveli~. Sua saukuneebSi berZnullaTinuri 

termini `Teatron~ da `Teatrum~ isev gaacocxla 

`Teatron~ `TeatroÁ~-s saxiT da Zvel TviTmyofad `saxilvel~- 

Tan gverdi-gverd ixmareboda: `nuca TeatroÁ... nuca saxioba.... 

30 31


radme saxilvelTa~; `misdeven meTeatroneobas~, romelman Teatri 

aRaSena qalaqsa Sina~, `romelni samoqalaqoTa SjulTa 

iswavlian... ra Teatronad aRiyvanobadian~; `Teatronis 

moyvaruli~; `xilvasa Teatronsa momReralTa da 

ganmcxromelTa~; `mzuelaobiTad, xumrobad saxeldebulTa maT 

saxilvelTa maTTa~ `soflioTa saxilvelTa~; 19 

daviT aRmaSenebels, rogorc irkveva gansakuTrebuli roli 

da adgili miekuTvneba misi drois sanaxaobrivi kulturis 

ganviTarebaSi, jer erTi is, rom man, misi istorikosis TqmiT, 

moaxerxa, SeZlo saeklesio reformis gatareba da eklesia 

daumorCila centralur samefo xelisuflebas. daviT 

aRmaSeneblis istorikosis TqmiT: `monasterni da saepiskoposoni 

da yovelni eklesiani wessa da rigsa locvisasa da yovlisa 

saeklesiosa gangebisasa darbazis kariT miiRebdian~ 20 . daviT 

aRmaSenebeli _ ritorT mqadagebeli, im drois religiuri 

disputebis Tavgamodebuli monawilea. mas, rogorc mokamaTes 

adarebdnen RvTsimetyvel basil dids. erT-erT disputze 

damarcxebulma mowinaaRmdegebma am sityvebiT mimarTes daviT 

aRmaSenebels: `Cven meufeo, mowafe gvegone amaT moZRuarTa 

TquenTa, garna viTar vxedavT, Sen same xar moZRvari moZRvarTa 

romlis brWyalsa ver SimwuTar arian ege moZRuar sagonebelni 

Tqueni~. 21 

daviT aRmaSenebeli aris avtori galobaTa, is, garda imisa 

rom mefea, aris sagalobeli leqsis moqmedi (poeti), sityvis 

mkervali. etyoba mefeTa es SemoqmedebiTi tradicia mefequrumTagan 

momdinareobs da amaSiac saocari araferi unda 

iyos. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom qarTveli mefeebi leqsis 

TqmaSi ejibrebian (an ajibrebdnen) TviT rusTavelsac ki. 

SoTa rusTavelma indoeTis samefo taxtis pretendenti 

avTandili ubadlo artistad _ momRerlad dagvisaxa, romlis 

Sesamkobelad movidian ìndo-arab-saberZneTiT maSriyiT da 

maRibelni, rusni, sparsi, mofrangeni da misreTiT megviptelni~. 

daviT aRmaSenebeli ara marto sardlobs da saxelmwifo 

saqmeebs ganagebs, aramed qarTuli musikaluri xelovnebis 

axali gziT warmarTavs da mis mowesrigebas xelmZRvanelobs. 

man daavala arsen iyalToels mesamed eTargmna andria kritelis 

sagaloblebi da xelaxla ganxorcielebuliyo am sagaloblebis 


hangTa SeTxzva, xelovanTmTavari ioane qarTlis kaTalikosis 

mier im sababiT, rom berZnulni ùcxoni iyvnen enisa Cuenisagan 

Zlispirni imaTni~ 22 . 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ janaSviliseuli nusxis CanarTis 

cnobiT, vaxuSti batoniSvilis istoriiTac, daviT aRmaSenebeli 

warmodgenilia, rogorc saeklesio misteriis Semoqmedi da 

mTavari monawile da amiTac dasturdeba am mefis istorikosis 

sityvebi, rom eklesiebi wessa da rigsa `gangebisasa~ 

(misteriebisa) darbazis kariT miiRebdian 23 . 

rodesac daviT aRmaSenebelma qalaqi anisi Turqebisagan 

gaanTavisufla, berZenTa asulis, somexTa dedoflis katronites 

marTlmadidebelTa saydari aRadgina (àxlad monaTla~), `movida 

TviT mefe daviT da kaTalikozi, episkopozni da erToblivi 

laSqari, dedofal katronites saflavsa zeda da axlad wesi 

aRuges da TviT mefeman samgzis saflavs CasZaxa: `gixarodes 

Sen wmidao dedofalo, rameTu ixsna RmerTmn saydari Seni 

uSjuloTa xelTagan~. amasa zedan mkudris ZualTa saflaviT 

xma gamosces da RmerTsa madloba misca. ganukvirda mefesa 

da erTobliTa erTa~ 24 . aq aSkarad igrZnoba daviTis roli da 

mniSvneloba. man es misteria ganaxorciela patriotuli da 

marTlmadidebluri mizanswrafviT, axlad wesi aRuges berZenTa 

asuls somexTa dedofals, romelic wmindanad Seracxes da 

misdami mimarTvas warmosTqvams ara samRvdelo piri, aramed 

TviT daviT mefe. da `gangeba~ isea mowesrigebuli, rom ismis 

pasuxi da RvTisadmi madlobis galoba da arc mWvretelni da 

maTi `gakvirveba~ misteriis zemoqmedeba aris daviwyebuli. 

qarTuli Teatris istoriisaTvis kidev bevri axali furceli 

gadaiSleba, Tuki Zveli qarTuli damwerlobiTi Zeglebi 

TeatrmcodneobiTi midgomiT iqneba wakiTxuli, amis magaliTia 

`galobani sinanulisani~, romelmac bevri ram axali gvamcno 

XI_XII ss. mijnaze Teatraluri xelovnebis viTarebis 

gasarkvevad. 

aRorZinebis periodis Teatris mTavari moqmedi gmiri 

gaxldaT àdamiani-pirovneba~ Tavisi sulieri samyaroTi. axali 

Teatraluri esTetika Semsruleblisgan moiTxovda dramatuli 

nawarmoebis azris wvdomas, rTuli da mravalmxrivi xasiaTebis 

32 33


warmosaxvas. aRorZinebis epoqaSi kvlav aRsdga profesiuli 

TeatrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli gamomsaxvelobiTi formebi da 

yuradReba gamaxvilda xelovnebis, kerZod ki Teatris Sesaxeb 

Seqmnil literaturaze. Tu italiaSi am epoqis monapovari 

iyo `komedia del’arte~ (XIV saukune), Teatrisa da dramis 

sinTezi, ganxorcielda espaneTSi lope de vegas dramaturgiiT, 

inglisSi _ Seqspiris Teatris SeqmniT, sadac praqtikosebis 

mier Teoriuli naSromebi Seiqmna, rac safuZvels gvaZlevs 

aRvniSnoT, rom msaxiobebi, reJisorebi da dramaturgebi qmnian 

literaturas Teatrze. saqarTveloSi XII-XIII saukuneebSi 

sasaxlis karis Teatri renesansuli saTeatro nimuSad SeiZleba 

CaiTvalos, sadac poeturi sityvebiT, musikisa da cekvis sinTezs 

vxvdebiT. sasaxlis karis Teatris msaxiobebs _ muSaiTebs 

uwodebdnen. 

ivane javaxiSvili `qarTveli eris istoriaSi~ axsenebs ra 

`dasavleT evropaSi warmoSobil renesans~, wers: `saqarTvelom 

es moZraoba ukve XII saukuneSi daiwyo, magram misi dasruleba 

monRolTa Semosevam Seaferxa.~ 25 qarTuli renesansis cneba 

ki, upirveles yovlisa, rusTavelis saxels ukavSirdeba. 

`rusTaveli Tvisobrivad sxva epoqas ekuTvnis, kacobriobis 

sulieri cxovrebis axal eras, radgan mis mier adamianTa 

modgmis safuZvelze gamoyvanilia axali adamiani, romelic 

ukavSirdeba da Seicnobs ara marto gare samyaros, aramed 

sakuTar Tavsac, aRmoaCens sakuTari arsebis wiaRSi pirovnebas.~ 26 

oliver uordropma Tavis naSromSi `saqarTvelos 

samefo~ (“The kingdom of Georgia”) aRwera ara mxolod 

saqarTvelos istoria _ daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamar mefis 

xanis epoqa, aramed dawvrilebiT axsna-ganmarteba misca evropel 

mkiTxvels SoTa rusTavelisa da misi poemis `vefxistyaosnis~ 

Sesaxeb, aRaraferi rom ar vTqva mis srul inglisur enovan 

Targmanze. winasityvaobaSi avtori wers: `nawarmoebs Tavidan 

bolomde dahyveba saocrad daZabuli interesi, radgan misi 

dramatuli erTianoba arsad irRveva da ar neldeba, magram 

poemis Rirseba martooden am siuJetur qargaSi rodia, aramed 

ufro metad imaSia, rom aSkarad SeimCneva qristianobasTan 

damokidebulebis im metafizikur TeoriaTa marcvlebi, rac 


ase axasiaTebda dantes, mis zogierT evropel Tanamedrovesa 

da memkvidres. SoTa rusTavels bevri ram SeuTvisebia 

platonisagan (cnobilia, rom XI-XII saukuneebSi saqarTvelosa 

da saberZneTs Soris mWidro urTierToba damyarda, ramac 

saSualeba misca qarTvelebs gascnobodnen platonisa da 

aristoteles filosofiur moZRvrebebs. yovelive aman, ra 

Tqma unda, didi gavlena moaxdina imdroindel saqarTvelos 

kulturasa da socialur cxovrebaze da, Tavis mxriv, Seamzada 

safuZveli qarTuli renesansis dasawyisisa. T. c.). rac Seexeba 

poemis stils, unda iTqvas, rom igi gasaocrad gvagonebs 

evropuli renesansis xanis sityvis ostatebs.~ 27 

samwuxarod, am periodis qarTuli saTeatro sanaxaobis 

Sesaxeb mwiri cnobebi mogvepoveba, Sesabamisad ar gvaqvs 

literatura, sadac dafiqsirebuli iqneba azri Teatris Sesaxeb, 

Tumca, am epoqis saTeatro cxovrebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva 

istoriuli Tu literaturuli Zeglebi gvaZlevs saSualebas 

SevafasoT am epoqis sasceno xelovnebis `gamosaxvis formebi~. 

magaliTad: `vefxistyaosanSi~ mocemulia ramodenime epizodi, 

sadac Cven SegviZlia warmodgena viqonioT im periodis saTeatro 

sanaxaobebze: 

èse Tqva da sixaruliT TamaSoba adiada, 

mgosani da moSaiTi uxmes, poves rada sada; 

dia gasca saboZvari, yvela darbazs Semoxada, - 

misi msgavsi siuxviTa RmerTman sxamca ra dabada.~ 28 

da kidev, gavixsenoT fridonis sityvebi, qajeTis cixis aRebis 

win gamarTul TaTbirze: 

`Cemsa simcrosa gamzrdelni samuSaiTod mzrdidian, 

maswavles maTi saqmeni, maxlacunebdian, mwvrTidian; 

asre gavida saabelsa, rom Tvalni ver momkidian, 

vica mWvretdian ymawvilni, iginica inatridian.~ 29 

rogorc Cans, muSaiToba anu sabelzed moTamaSe CvenSi 

saTeatro sanaxaobas miekuTvneboda, rogorc xalxSi arsebul 

yvelaze Zveli da popularuli sajaro xasiaTis gasarTobsa 

da Sesaqcev warmodgenas (es Cans zemoT moyvanili poemis 

strofebidanac). radganac muSaiToba samefo karis saxilveli 

iyo da SesaZlebelia igi imavdroulad, èlitarul~ 

34 35


sanaxaobasac miekuTvneboda, amitomac misi aTvisebisaTvis samefo 

karis warmomadgenlebs adreuli asakidanve amzadebdnen, rac 

rostevan mefisa da fridonis magaliTze naTlad Cans, Tumca, 

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, `vefxistyaosani~ ar gaxlavT erTaderTi 

literaturuli Zegli, romelic gvawvdis cnobas saTeatro 

sanaxaobis Sesaxeb. Tamar dedoflis istorikosi mogviTxrobs, 

rom Tamarisa da daviT soslanis daqorwinebisas ìyo zma 

mgosanTa da muSaiTTa saxeoba~, 30 maSin, rodesac SarvanSa 

aRsarTani da aTabagi amir-miriani. 

aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom iseve rogorc renesansis epoqis 

evropaSi, saqarTveloSic samefo karze didi popularobiT 

sargeblobdnen masxarebi, personaJi, romelic, rogorc wesi, ar 

isjeboda Tavisi siTamamisTvis, magram cnobilia isic, rom 

mefis masxara imavdroulad iyo gantevebis vacic da Tu 

msxverplSewirvaze midgeboda saqme, isev da isev masxaras 

imetebdnen. am inversiis logikiT ùmdablesi~ arseba, romelic 

sayovelTao keTildReobas ewireboda _ ùmaRles~ sferoSi 

gadainacvlebda.... romelic warmoadgenda monarqis, sasuliero 

pirisa da mosamarTlis `saTamaSos~, Tumca isini sakmaod did 

rols asrulebdnen sasamarTlo cxovrebaSi, sadac 

privilegirebuli adgili ekavaT. igi iyo erT-erTi arc Tu 

mravalricxovani jgufisa, romelsac Tavisuflad SeeZlo 

sakuTari azri gamoeTqva, sasamarTlo procesze, iumoriTa da 

manWva-grexiT, rasac Turme Zalian xSirad saboloo 

gadawyvetilebazec umoqmedia. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom 

masxarebi xandaxan saxelmwifo gadatrialebaSic ki 

Rebulobdnen Turme monawileobas. 

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, masxara did rols TamaSobda 

politikaSic. saqarTvelos istoriaSi arsebobs cnoba XII 

saukuniT daTariRebuli. Tamaris mefobis dros, rogorc 

cnobilia, misma meWurWleTuxucesma yuTlu arslanma moawyo 

SeTqmuleba, raTa Seecvala saqarTvelos saxelmwifos weswyobileba, 

SeezRuda mefis uflebebi imdenad, rom mas sakuTriv 

saxelmwifo saqmeebis gadawyvetis ufleba aRar hqonoda. 

SeTqmulTa meTaurma yuTlu arslanma moiTxova sakanonmdeblo 

organos daweseba, romelic parlamentis msgavsi dawesebuleba 


iqneboda da mefes am umaRles dawesebulebis _ `karavis~ 

gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebis ufleba SerCenoda mxolod. 

realuri Zalaufleba didgvarovan aznaurTa xelSi unda 

gadasuliyo da amgvarad ganxorcielebuliyo feodaluri 

opoziciis wadili. cxare politikuri brZolis viTarebaSi 

yuTlu arslans moagones, rom igi aRzevebulia `guarTa 

uaznoTagan~. rogorc ivane javaxiSvili askvnis 31 , yuTlu arslani 

dabali wodebidan yofila gamosuli, romelic Tavdapirvelad 

warmoadgenda `cxovelman joris anu viris saxoans~, sadac 

gamoumJRavnebia sazrianoba da saocari iumori, risi wyalobiTac 

dawinaurebula da simdidrec ki moupovebia Turme. varaudob, 

rom yuTlu arslani masxara unda yofiliyo, radgan igi 

meWurWleTuxucesobamde, rogorc istoriuli cnobebidan irkveva, 

cnobili yofila `saxiobisa xmiTa tkbiliTa da sasacilo 

ambniTa~, `jerovnad darbis noxzeda... Tavze dgas xeliT darbisa, 

fexiT qmnis TamaSobasa~, 32 garda amisa mefis erTguli kariskacTa 

dasi im mizniT, rom daemcirebinaT mowinaaRmdege yuTlu arslani, 

moagonebdnen Turme meamboxes mis warsuls, roca is adamianebis 

`saTamaSod~ da gasarTobad gardaiqmneboda da `virSida ijda~ 34 . 

saTeatro sanaxaobebSi ki, xumara da viri erTmaneTisgan 

ganuyrel saTeatro niRbad aRiqmeboda, imavdroulad yuTlu 

arslani xasiaTdeba, rogorc `moTamaSe~: simReris niWiT, saxumaro 

ambebis TxrobiT, akrobatikiT, JestikulaciiT warmodgenis 

warmarTviT _ es yovelive xom masxaras damaxasiaTebeli 

niSnebicaa. SesaZlebelia igi, rogorc maRali fenis, 

aristokratiuli wris gamrTobi – masxara/muSaiTi. 

Tavdapirvelad ise moxvda sasaxleSi, romelmac Semdgom WkuiTa 

da gonebamaxvilobiT miaRwia meWurWleTuxucesobas. istoriidan 

cnobilia, rom yovelTvis, roca samefo karze imarTeboda 

wveulebani, isini am sadResaswaulo procesiis mTavar moqmed 

pirebad gvevlinebodnen. istorikosi gvamcnobs, rom rusudan 

dedofali, romelic ganagebda Tamarisa da daviTis qorwilis 

ceremonialur mxares, `xuarasnisa da erayis sulTanTa sZlobiTa 

gamacnierebuli, bunebriviTa saxiobiTa da SvenebiTa~ 35 moqmedebdao. 

am epizodidan irkveva, rom muSaiTebi ucxo qveynebidanac 

modiodnen CvenSi, Tanamedrove terminiT rom vTqva, sagastrolod, 

TavianTi saTeatro xelovnebis gasacnobad. 

36 37


muSaiTobas sakmaod vrclad aRgviwers arCil mefe 

TxzulebaSi `saqarTvelos zneobaSi~, sadac ambobs: 

`ver xedavT fridonisasa muSaiTobas Cemulobs 

sabelzed gavla-xtomasa Tamamad, ar Tu mozarobs, 

tarielsa da avTandils qajeTs misvlazed uanbobs, 

vin icis, mis dros iqmnodes codnasa, nu vin 

mconarobs.... 

inatres bevrman qajebman: neta vine es maswavlao! 

misi sificxe simale, ise Tamamad swavlao, 

magma is Savi ar dadga, aravis ar aswavlao, 

mizezi es sTqva: mwadian sul sxva xelmwifis 

davlao...” 35 

arCilis sityvebidan naTelia, rom raindobis institutis 

warmomadgenlebisgan didi interesiT ikveTeboda muSaiTobis 

Seswavlis survili. amis mizezi ki, savaraudod, swored is 

iyo, rom raindebi didgvarovan warmomadgenelTa ricxvs 

miekuTvnebodnen da TavianTi warmomavlobiTa da gvariSvilobiT 

daaxloebulni iyvnen mefis karTan. amdenad, SesaZlebelia maT 

`kodeqsSi~ muSaiTobis xelovnebis daufleba aucileblobasac 

warmoadgenda, Tumca gamoricxuli ar aris, rom warmodgenaSi 

mxolod niWierni iRebdnen monawileobas. 

amgvarad, naTelia, rom XI-XII saukuneebis saqarTveloSi 

ikveTeba kulturuli Semoqmedebis aRmavlobis nimuSebi, romelic 

atarebs renesansis utyuar niSnebs. 

1. gabiZaSvili e., ruis-urbnisis krebis Zegliswera, $ 1, Tb., 1978, gv. 12. 

2. saqarTvelos ssr mecn. akad. `moambe~, t. II, # 8, 1941, gv. 774. 

3. javaxiSvili iv., qarTveli eris istoria~, wgn. 3, Tb., 1966, gv 52. 

4. http://www.nplg.gov.ge/ebooks/authors/david_aghmashenebeli/ 

galobani%20sinanulisani.pdf. gv. 2. 

5. mariam lorTqifaniZe, `saqarTvelo XI-XII saukuneebSi~, Tb., 1987, gv. 

80-118. 


6. dimitri janeliZe, `Teatris da saxiobis aRorZineba rusTavelis 

epoqaSi~, Jurn.: `Teatraluri moambe~; N3, Tb., 1966,Ngv. 8. 

7. http://lib.ge/body_text.php?5104; `galobani sinanulisani~; daviT 

aRmaSenebeli; 

8. dimitri janeliZe, `qarTuli Teatris dionisuri sawyisebisaTvis~ : 

(mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis kultis niadagze warmoSobili ritualursanaxaobrivi 

qmedoba da wes-Cveulebani saqarTveloSi), 

`TeatrmcodneobiTi Ziebani~; /samecniero SromaTa krebuli /, t. VII., 

Tb., 1977, gv. 62. 

9. http://www.orthodoxy.ge/samartali/samartali/3-3-5.htm eqvTime aToneli. 

`mcire sjulis kanoni~, $3. 

10. ilia abulaZe. ,,Zveli qarTuli hagiografiuli literaturis 

Zeglebi~, tomi I, Tb., 1964, gv. 56. 

11. iqve; 

12. http://lib.ge/body_text.php?5104; `galobani sinanulisani~, daviT 

aRmaSenebeli, 

13. ix.: iqve; 

14 b. jorjaZe, leqsebi, piesebi, moTxrobebi, werilebi, Tb., 1986, gv. 12. 

15. iv. javaxiSvili. Txzulebani Tormet tomad. t.II; Tb., 1980, gv. 64. 

16 z. gamsaxurdia, vefxistyaosnis saxismetyveleba, Tb., 1991, gv.: 84 

17. http://lib.ge/body_text.php?5104; `galobani sinanulisani~, daviT 

aRmaSenebeli, 


19. ix.: i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli leqsikidan, Tb., 1960. 

20. saqarTvelos ssr mecn. akad.M`moambe~, t. II, N8, Tb., 1941, gv. 712. 

21.ix.: iqve; 

22. http://www.nplg.gov.ge/ebooks/authors/david_aghmashenebeli/ 

galobani%20sinanulisani.pdf. gv.3. 

23. qarTlis cxovreba, r. metrevelis redaqciiT, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa 

erovnuli akademia, Tb., 2008. gv.: 87 (àxali qarTlis cxovreba~ 

Cvenamde sami nusxiT aris Semonaxuli. janaSviliseuli m, 

WalaSviliseuli c, da maCabliseuli m. maT Soris uZvelesi aris m. 

janaSvilis mier aRmoCenili. àxali qarTlis cxovrebis~ es nusxa 

janaSviliseul xelnawerSi gvian aris Cakerebuli. qaRaldisa da 

xelis Seswavlis safuZvelze dgindeba, rom es nusxa 1721-1731 wlebs 

Soris unda iyos dawerili. am nusxaSi dafiqsirebuli vaxuSti 

batoniSvilis avtografuli minawerebi Tu sacnobaro xasiaTis SeniSvnebi 

mowmobs, rom nusxas mecnieri batoniSvilis xelSi gamouvlia). 

24.iqve. gv. 78 

25.iv. javaxiSvili. Txzulebani Tormet tomad. t. IV, Tb., 1982, gv. 52. 

38 39


26.iqve. 

27.Oliver Wardrop: “The kingdom of Georgia”; published in 1888; p.: 5 

28.SoTa rusTaveli, vefxistyaosani, al. WinWaraulis redaqtorobiT, 

Tb., 1986. 


30.qarTlis cxovreba, r. metrevelis redaqciiT, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa 

erovnuli akademia, Tb., 2008. gv.: 174 

31.ivane javaxiSvili; Txzulebani XII tomad; tomi IX. 1977, gv.; 54 

32.T. Jordania; qronikebi, tomi: II. tfilisi; 1897; gv.:35 

33. ix.: iqve. 

34. qarTlis cxovreba, r. metrevelis redaqciiT, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa 

erovnuli akademia, Tb., 2008. gv.: 109. 

35. cxovreba saqarTveloisa (parizis qronika) Sesavali, SeniSvnebi da 

saZiebeli daurTo g. alasaniam. Tbilisi, 1990. gv.74 arCil mefe; 

`saqarTvelos zneoba~. 

dramis reJisura 

naSromebi ibeWdeba programis xelmZRvanelebis rekomendaciiT 


programis xelmZRvanelebi _ prof. vasil kiknaZe 

Dprof. giorgi margvelaSvili 

40 41

Mmaia Sengelia 

Ddoqtoranturis II kursi 

P 

amosavali movlena da siuJetis scenuri 

dekodirebis problema 

(literaturuli siuJeti. pirveli plani. scenuri (qmediTi) 

siuJeti. meore plani. moqmedebis motivacia.) 

Tanamedrove Teatralur sivrceSi arsebuli mdgomareobis 

analizisas, uneblied gaxsendeba eJi grotovskis sityvebi: `saqme 

imaSia, rom qreba Teatris warsulSi gasagebi funqcia. dRes 

ufro moqmedebs kulturuli avtomatizmi, vidre WeSmariti 

moTxovnileba. kulturulma adamianebma ician, rom TeatrSi 

unda iaron da ufro metad iq dadian ara Teatris, aramed 

kulturuli movaleobis gamo. yvelgan gamefebulia wuxili 

rogori gzebiTa da saSualebebiT movizidoT mayurebeli, rogor 

SemovityuoT, rogor CaviTrioT igi warmatebulad. sadRac 

abonimentTa sistemiT, sadRac pornografiiT, oRond nebismir 

fasad uzrunvelvyoT CvenTvis savse darbazi. hoda, mec vfiqrob, 

rom gonivrulia vilaparakoT Teatrze, rogorc dangreul, 

mitovebul, TiTqmis dacarielebul saxlze.~ 1 

SemoqmedebiTi krizisi periodulad sxvadasxva saxiTa da 

formiT mJRavndeba da is erTjerad, an erTi qveynisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebel movlenas ar warmoadgens: mas sxvadasxva dros, 

sxvadasxva mizezi ganapirobebs. dResdReobiT Seqmnili 

SemoqmedebiTi krizisis mizezad mravali faqti saxeldeba, 

maT Soris aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia globaluri 

xasiaTis iseTi mizezebi, rogoricaa: Tanamedrove filosofiuri 

da sazogadoebriv-politikuri azris stagnacia (roca 

gauazrebelia adamianis raobis mimarTeba makro da mikro 

kosmosTan, roca upasuxodaa darCenili kiTxva: _ `ra aris 

adamiani?~ _ samyaros gvirgvini, Tu misi Semadgeneli nawili?! 

roca kacis kvla politikuri mizeziT gamarTlebulia 

terorizmis ideologiiTa Tu erayis omiT.); cxovrebis ritmis 

arnaxuli zrda; pirovnebis komiqsuri azrovnebis damkvidreba 

realur cxovrebaSi (roca adamiani aRiqvams movlenas da ara 

process, ramac es movlena gamoiwvia. es sakiTxi pirdapir 

kavSirSia cxovrebis ritmis sakiTxTan). ukanaskneli mizezi 

erT-erTi mTavari mizezia, ramac gamoiwvia akademiuri Teatris 

darbazebis dacarieleba da e. w. sanaxaobiTi (ufro zusti 

iqneboda komiqsuri, anu zerele) Teatrebis esTetikis 

popularizacia. mayurebeli, cxovrebis ritmidan gamomdinare, 

mouTmeneli gaxda. mas TiTqos ar scalia CauRrmavdes movlenis 

gamomwvev mizezebs; ambis gageba rac SeiZleba swrafad surs, 

yovelgvari peripetiebis Cvenebis gareSe. arada, Teatraluri 

xelovnebis arsi sworedac rom procesis cocxlad CvenebaSia 

da ara raime faqtis dafiqsirebaSi. Teatri xom fotografia, 

an sainformacio gamoSveba ar aris?! avadsaxsenebeli drois 

termini rom vixmaroT, Teatraluri xelovneba `formalisturi~ 

gaxda. Tanamedrove reJisorebi publikis yuradRebis misaqcevad 

igoneben aTasgvar formebs, rasac araferi aqvs saerTo 

literaturul TavwyaroSi gadmocemul ambavTan. cxadia, Teatri 

ver gaeqceva teqnikis uaxles miRwevebs. piriqiT, igi 

mowodebulia gamoiyenos yovelgvari teqnikuri siaxle. arc 

is azria gamarTlebuli, rom formiseuli Ziebani mavne movlenaa 

da TiTqos formaze ar unda ifiqros reJisorma; magram 

SeuZlebelia uyurebde speqtakls da ar gesmodes, Tu ra 

ambavi gaTamaSda scenaze. TviT usiuJeto Tanamedrove prozac 

ki ver uvlis gverds ambis gadmocemis aucileblobas, winaaRmdeg 

SemTxvevaSi am tipis nawarmoebebi sruli abdaubda iqneboda. 

ambis, anu siuJetis ararseboba scenaze dakavSirebulia 

imasTan, rom reJisorma xSir SemTxvevaSi ar icis ras dgams. 

imisaTvis, rom gaverkveT siuJetis scenuri dekodirebis 

problemaSi, aucilebelia gavixseniT, rom dramaturgia, es 

aris qmediTi teqsti, anu sityva piesaSi uSualod 

ukavSirdeba moqmedebas. arcerTi sityva ar iTqmeba umizezod. 

mizezi warmoSobs sityvas, romelic, Tavis mxriv, aris 

moqmedeba an iwvevs mas. xazs vusvamT, _ `moqmedeba~ da 

ara `qceva~. am or cnebas Soris didi gansxvavebaa. magaliTad: 

`varlami: -ga-a-amarjobaT, Tqveni!... cxik!!..~ 

ra moxda? reJisorma yoveli nakveTis Semdeg unda dasvas 

es SekiTxva. 

42 43

maia Sengelia 

zogi ityvis, rom varlamma daacemina; sxva ambobs, rom 

varlami mogvesalma. romelia swori? man xom daacemina kidec 

da mogvesalma kidec? saqme imaSia, rom dacemineba aris qceva, 

anu igi dakavSirebulia iseT ramesTan, rasac reJisorebi 

`rogors~ veZaxiT. xolo misalmeba aris moqmedeba, anu is, 

rasac Cven _ `ra qnas~ vuwodebT. e. i., moxda Semdegi: varlami 

cxviris daceminebiT (rogor?) mogvesalma (ra qna?). 

kargi dramaturgi piesaSi gadmocemul ambavs TiTqos 

gvimalavs (deteqtivis msgavsad). amitom ambavi, romelic scenaze 

unda daidgas, reJisorma unda gamoiZios, amoxsnas, moaxdinos 

misi literaturuli dekodireba da gadmoitanos Teatralur 

enaze. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT (uxeSi dayofiT, ra Tqma unda) 

literaturuli siuJeti ñ , anu ambavi rac piesaSi xdeba, es 

aris is, rasac avtori sityvieri garsiT ñ gvawvdis da 

rasac Cven pirvel plans (pirvel sibrtyes) vuwodebT. 

magram ambavi, romelic unda daidgas scenaze, rogorc wesi 

(kargi dramaturgiis pirobebSi), meore planSi 2 Zevs, anu, es 

aris ara is, rasac personaJebi laparakoben, aramed is, rasac 

isini akeTeben; e. i., piesis qmediTi garsi. ñ 

magaliTad, ibseni: `moCvenebani~. 3 (simartivisaTvis siuJetis 

magivrad, Semoklebul fabulas gamoviyenebT). 

literaturuli ambavi, anu, pirveli plani: osvaldi mamis 

saxelobis TavSesafris gaxsnaze dasaswrebad Camodis. cdiliobs 

colad SeirTos moaxle gogo, romelic misi naxevarda 

aRmoCndeba. 

scenuri ambavi, anu, meore plani: sasikvdilod daavadebuli 

osvaldi brundeba mSobliur saxlSi. cdilobs reginas an 

dedis saxiT i povos mokavSire, romelic gauadvilebs 

aRsasrulis ukanasknel Jams. 

cxadia, reJisorma swored meore planSi gadmocemuli ambavi 

unda dadgas, raTa ojaxuri drama socialur fonze 

ganviTarebul pirad tragizmamde ayvanil ambad iqces. 

ra Tqma unda, piesas SeiZleba oris garda mravali plani 

hqondes, magram, rogorc wesi, Semdgomi planebi warmoadgenen 

im subieqtur ambebs (fabulebs) 4 , rac ician mTavari ambis 

Sesaxeb konkretulma personaJebma. 


isev da isev uxeSi paralelis gamoyenebis Sedegad, SeiZleba 

iTqvas, rom literaturuli siuJeti, anu, pirveli plani 

gamoxatavs nawarmoebis Temas; e. i., imas, razec aris 

dawerili es nawarmoebi. xolo scenuri siuJeti, anu, meore 

plani gamoxatavs nawarmoebis ideas; maSasadame, imas, 

risi Tqmac surs avtors. sagangebod aRvniSnav, rom rogorc 

literaturuli, ise qmediTi (scenuri) siuJeti nawarmoebSi 

Zevs da misi gamogoneba araviTar saWiroebas ar warmoadgens. 

ubralod, qmediTi siuJetis amoxsnaa saWiro da misi scenur 

enaze gadmotana (mizanscenebis, musikis, ganaTebis, mxatvrobis, 

qoreografiis, sxva saSualebebis daxmarebiT ambis vizualuri 

Txroba ñ ). 

literaturuli siuJetis danaxva araviTar sirTules 

ar warmoadgens, radgan mas personaJebi sityvieri masaliT 

gadmoscemen. magram rogor amovxsnaT qmediTi siuJeti? 

Cven xom vizualuri TxrobiT scenaze swored qmediTi 

siuJeti unda davdgaT? 

upirvelesi gasaRebi, riTac qmediTi siuJeti unda gaiSifros, 

amosavali movlenis 5 sworad gansazRvraa. magram ra aris 

amosavali movlena da rogor davadginoT igi? upirvelesad 

Sega xs enebT i ma s, Tu r a ari s Tv iT ` m o v l e n a ~ 6 

piesaSi.Kklasikuri ganmartebiT, _ movlena, _ es aris faqti, 

romelic zegavlenas axdens yvela personaJze da cvlis 

maTi moqmedebis xazs. piesaSi yvela saxis movlena (didi, 

mcire (epizodisaTvis, nakveTisaTvis), mTavari, amosavali)) 

emorCileba am saerTo kanons, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSiFfaqti 

movlenad ver CaiTvleba.Mmagram garda aRniSnuli 

aucileblobisa, amosavali movlena erT pirobas unda 

akmayofilebdes: igi aris movlena, romlis gareSec piesaSi 

aRwerili ambavi ar moxdeboda. anu, Cven unda vipovoT, ra 

faqti moxda piesaSi aRwerili ambis dawyebamde personaJebis 

urTierTobaSi iseTi, romelmac zemoqmedeba iqonia yvela maTganze 

(ufro zustad ki im personaJebze, vinc pirvel did movlenamde 

Canan piesaSi), Secvala maTi moqmedebis xazi da gamoiwvia 

nawarmoebSi moTxrobili ambavi. amosavali movlena (mcire 

movlenebisagan gansxvavebiT da mTavari da didi movlenebis 

44 45

maia Sengelia 

msgavsad) saerToa yvela personaJisaTvis, romlebic Canan pirvel 

did movlenamde da piesis dasawyisisaTvis maTi moqmedebebis 

ZiriTad motivacias ñ warmoadgens. erTi da imave piesis 

sxvadasxva siuJetis interpretacia scenaze, ZiriTadad, Sedegia 

xolme swored amosavali movlenis sxvadasxvanairad 

gansazRvrisa, rac, Tavis mxriv, iwvevs personaJTa qmedebis 

motivaciis cvlas da amdenad, sxvadasxva ambis Txrobasac. 

Tumca aqve avRniSnav, rom rogorc wesi, avtors yovelTvis 

zustad aqvs mocemuli amosavali movlenis arsi. 7 amitomac, 

misi gamogoneba da `SeTiTxna~ saWiro ar aris. mxolod piesis 

sworad wakiTxva mogveTxoveba. 

magaliTad, d. kldiaSvili: `darispanis gasaWiri~. 8 

ratom xdeba piesaSi is, rac xdeba? ratom iyrian marTas 

saxlSi Tavs is adamianebi, romelTac saxlSi sam-sami da meti 

gasaTxovari qaliSvili hyavs (pelagia, darispani, onisime)? 

ratom cdilobs marTa gaaTxovos maincdamainc Nnatalia da 

ara romelime misi da? imitom, rom misi naTlulia? ratom 

cdilobs onisime nataliasTvis moyvanil saqmros karoJna 

miaTxovos? ratom kravs mudmivad xels marTa natalias da 

ratom cdilobs ase gafacicebiT rom osikos moawonos? ratom 

iwyeba piesa marTas SekivlebiT (`marTa: _ axlave aq momiyvane 

Cemi naTluli, Ppelagia Cemo!..~)? ram Seyara amdeni 

gauTxovari qalis patroni marTasas? 

saqme imaSia, rom marTas hyavs qaliSvili, romelic bednierad 

daubinavebia (`darispani: _ (marTas)... Sen gaSora RmerTma es 

dRe, Cven rom gvadgia... erTi gyavs da qe moaxerxe imisi 

gaTxoveba...~) da aseve hyavs saqorwilo vaJi. marTasa da 

onisimes Soris pirdapiri vaWroba imarTeba. onisime cdilobs 

daadginos umziTvo qals (anu mis romelime qaliSvils) Tu 

SeuSvebs rZlad marTa saxlSi. umziTvobis garda, naTlimironobis 

gamoc xom SeiZleba iwunebdes marTa natalias? 

piesaSi es scena sityvasityviT asea gadmocemuli: 

ònisime: _ Tqven nu momikvdebiT, Tqvenma Svilma rom 

umziTvo mogayenoT karzed... 

marTa: _ SemobrZandi-Tqva, vetyvi da pirvel adgilze davsvam, 

Tuki misTana qali damanaxva, Tvalsac eama da gulsac... 


ise me vicocxlo, ase vqna!... ki, batono onisime!... mara marto 

es musaifi rom ar gveyofa, es RmerTmac icis da kacmac!...” 9 

am dialogidan cxadad Cans, rom marTas saqorwilo 

vaJi hyavs. swored amis gamoa SemoCveuli naTluli naTliasTan 

da safiqrebelia, rom arc marTas vaJia imis mimarT gulgrili 

(savaraudo garemoeba). 10 reJisorma aseve unda gaiTvaliswinos 

im sazogadoebisa da epoqis adaT-wesebi da Cveulebani, romelic 

asaxulia nawarmoebSi. naTli-mironoba marTlmadideblurqristianul 

sinamdvileSi SeubRalavi movlenaa da sisxliT 

naTesaobas niSnavs. miT umetes ufro meti sababi aqvs marTas 

ar surdes rZlad natalia. swored amitom unda mas ase 

sulmwared umziTvo naTlulis mocileba Tavidan (swored 

misi da ara misi debis). saqorwino vaJi eguleba am saxlSi 

da am mizeziT aucda fexi darispans da marTasTan Semoiara 

qaliSviliTurT. marTasa da onisimes swored am aRwerili 

`vaWrobis~ dros xdeba moulodneloba, – gamoCndeba axali 

konkurenti karoJna.EaRniSnuli dialogi rom marTas vaJs 

exeba, Cans karoJnas gamoCenamde, osikos interesebis dacvisas, 

onisimes sityvebidan: 

` – (marTas) Cems rZals rom mziTevi ar mohyoloda, 

swored ar SemovuSvebdi Svils saxlSi... ymawvilma Tavi unda 

deifasos!~ swored marTas vaJis (SesaZlo sasiZos) gamo unda 

onisimes sakuTari qaliSvilebis konkurenti natalia miaTxovos 

osikos da marTas vaJma Tavi unda daifasos, _ umziTvikonkurenti 

natalia axlos ar unda gaikaros (onisime marTasac 

kargad icnobs da pelagiasac, amitom saqmis namdvili viTareba 

misTvis cnobili unda iyos). is ormag TamaSs eweva: erTi 

mxriv, unda osikisTvis mziTviani qali iSovos, meore mxriv ki, 

_ sakuTariQqaliSvilebiUumziTvod gaaTxovos. magram marTasagan 

uars Rebulobs sakuTari Svilebis misamarTiT (marTam gasagebad 

uTxra: _ marto laparakiT ver icxovrebs axalgazrda ojaxi, 

es RmerTmac icis da kacmac!). jer kidev ar apirebs onisime 

far-xmlis dayras, magram, radgan, swored am maWanklobis dros 

gamoCnda karoJna da radgan, natalia onisimesaTvis safrTxes 

ar warmoadgens (winaswar icis, rom marTas ar moswons), ukve 

karoJnas, rogorc SesaZlo konkurentis, Tavidan mocilebas 

46 47

maia Sengelia 

cdilobs; Tumca, rogorc ki darwmundeba, rom marTa arc mas 

wyalobs, sakuTari saxlikacis (osikos) bediT interesdeba da 

umziTvo qalebis Txovas ar urCevs. swored imitom, rom 

osiko onisimes naTesavia, Tavad mas sasiZod ar gamoadgeba. 

xolo darispani ki sisxliT naTesavi ar unda iyos marTasi, 

radgan marTam karoJnas saxelic ki ar icis. 

is faqti, rom marTas vaJi hyavs, misive sityvebidanac Cans: 

` – (osikos) ase awvalebT axlandeli ymawvilebi 

moxucebul dedebs droze Semfaravis mouyvanlobiT!.. 

kaia, rom kidev amisTana marjve naTluli myavs!..~ 1 (anu, 

marTalia Cemma Svilma rZali ar maRirsa, magram naTluli 

myavs marjveo.) 

davuSvaT, rom amosavali movlena marTas vaJis saqorwino 

asakis miRweva ki ar aris (maSin es mocemuli garemoeba 

iqneboda 12 ), aramed marTasTvis moulodnelad Setyobinebis miReba 

SesaZlo sasiZos stumrobis Sesaxeb. 

aSkaraa, rom marTa da onisime winaswar arian SeTanxmebulni, 

radgan osiko specialurad aris Camosuli soflidan. sakiTxi 

rom marTas vaJs ar exebodes, aseT SemTxvevaSi, gana marTa 

aseTi mowadinebuli iqneboda gaeTxovebina natalia? gana amdeni 

gasaTxovari qalis patroni ase mZafrad daupirispirdeboda 

erTmaneTs? riT avxsnaT onisimes cvalebadi qceva? 

xSiria SemTxveva, roca mocemuli garemoeba SeiZleba 

amosaval movlenaSi agverios. 13 mocemuli garemoeba ukve 

arsebuli mocemulobaa. am SemTxvevaSi marTas hyavs vaJi; 

xolo movlena ki momxdari faqtia, romelic personaJebis 

qmedebis motivacias warmoadgens.Aam SemTxvevaSi marTas vaJs 

saqorwilo asaki Seusrulda (faqti: Seusrulda, anu `ra 

moxda?~). rogor ganvsazRvroT aris Tu ara marTas Svilis 

saqorwino asaks miRweva amosavali movlena am konkretuli 

ambisaTvis? 

moviyvan martiv magaliTs qarTuli xalxuri zRapridan 

`muxaglejia sidedrisa da simamrisa~: 14 

ìyo erTi glexkaci. hyavda erTi vaJiSvili. roca es vaJi 

moizarda, mamam moindoma misi daqorwineba, moRala maWanklebi, 

Semoiara qveyana, magram tyuilad, ar iqna, misi bedi ar gaixsna. 

adga, bolos, es biWi da wavida mkiTxavTan. mkiTxavma uTxra: 


_ wadi, am da am adgilas....~ da a. S. 

zRapari imiT aris kargi, rom mocemuli garemoebani da 

amosavali movlena yovelTvis Tavidanve gamotanilia saaSkaraoze. 

kerZod, am SemTxvevaSi mocemuli garemoebaa is, rom iyo erTi 

glexkaci da hyavda vaJi. Aamosavali movlena ki isaa, rom es 

vaJi saqorwino asakisa Seiqna (ki ar mokvda, an dainvalidda, 

aramed saqorwino gaxda). es rom ar momxdariyo, mama mis 

daqorwinebas ar moindomebda da arc Semdgomi movlenebi 

moxdeboda. 

zustad igive mdgomareoba gvaqvs „darispanis gasaWirSic”. 

marTas vaJi mcire wlovani rom yofiliyo, arc aravin movidoda 

marTasas da arc marTa moindomebda arasasurveli sarZlos 

mogeriebas. amrigad, movlena: „marTas vaJi saqorwino asakis 

gaxda”, aris amosavali movlena, rogorc mocemuloba. 15 sxva 

sakiTxia, rom piesas eqspozicia ar gaaCnia da igi pirdapir 

iwyeba movleniT: „cnoba sasiZos mosvlis Sesaxeb” 16 . magram es 

sakiTxi mxolod literaturuli siuJetisTvisaa mniSvnelovani; 

qmediTi siuJetisaTvis ki gadamwyveti mniSvneloba amosaval 

movlenas aqvs, radgan man unda gansazRvros personaJTa qmedebis 

motivacia. 

Tu dadgenil amosaval movlenas da savaraudo garemoebas 

gavaerTianebT, maSin marTas qmedebaTa motivacia Semdegia: marTas 

vaJi saqorwino asakis gaxda da dedam SeamCnia, rom igi gulgrili 

ar aris misive umziTvo naTlulisadmi. swored es, Cven mier 

mignebuli amosavali movlena, ganapirobebs piesis yoveli 

personaJis qmedebas (cxadia osikoc daeWvdeboda 

dasaqorwinebeli vaJis patrons ratom ar unda, rom TviTon 

iyolios rZlad àseTi da iseTi kargi gogo~, magram is faqti, 

rom natalia marTas naTlulia, sakmarisia, raTa mas zedmeti 

eWvis sababi ar hqondes.). swored am movlenidan gamomdinare, 

siyvaruliT ki ar epyroba marTa natalias, aramed piriqiT, _ 

erTi suli aqvs moacilos Tavis saxls. nataliac sixaruliT 

ki ar datrialebs sasiZos cxvirwin, aramed aiZuleben, rom 

ase moiqces. darispanic amitom ar apirebs marTas saxlidan 

misi vaJis unaxavad wasvlas da natalias SesaZlo konkurentobis 

gamo, dasasveneblad sxva oTaxSi gasuli, karoJnas mosvenebis 

48 49

maia Sengelia 

saSualebas ki ar aZlevs, aramed marTas naTlulis 

sameTvalyureod uSvebs. 

literaturuli Tavwyaros gadamontaJebis saSualebiT, 

saidanac ar unda daviwyoT ambis Txroba, ver avcdebiT e. w., 

didi da mTavari movlenebis Sinaarsis identur gadmocemas. 

magaliTad, im faqts, rom otelom daaxrCo dezdemona. winaaRmdeg 

SemTxvevaSi saqme Janris cvlilebasTan gveqneba da tragediis 

nacvlad SesaZloa komedia miviRoT. interpretaciis SemTxvevaSi 

SesaZloa SevcvaloT movlenaTa rigi, magram ver SevcvliT 

TviT ambavs, anu siuJets, aseTi ram mxolod amosavali movlenis 

cvlilebiTaa SesaZlebeli; magram ramdenad gamarTlebulia 

es da ewinaaRmdegeba Tu ara nawarmoebis ideas, anu qmediT 

siuJets?!A 

ukve aRvniSne, rom amosavali movlenis sxvadasxvagvarad 

gansazRvra, sceniuri ambis sxvadasxvagvar gadmocemas 

ganapirobebs, rasac xSir SemTxvevaSi saerTo araferi aqvs 

avtoriseul ambavTan. ganvixiloT magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor 

icvleba scenuri ambavi, amosaval movlenasTan mimarTebaSi. 

magaliTad, u. Seqspiri: `qariSxali~. 17 

ra movlena ganapirobebs piesaSi gadmocemuli ambis 

ganviTarebas? 

a) davuSvaT, rom es aris qariSxali; magram prospero 

Tavad iwvevs magiuri codniT am qariSxals da amdenad, igi 

misTvis movlenas ar warmoadgens. 

b) mefis qaliSvilis klaribelis qorwili. prosperom 

dainaxa, rom samefo xomaldma Cauara mis kunZuls, daeloda 

gemis ukan dabrunebas da qariSxali daatexa Tavs SurisZiebis 

mizniT; magram wlebis manZilze, gana ar eqneboda saSualeba 

romelime gemi gamoeriya napirze, dabrunebuliyo neapolSi da 

iq eZia samarTali? es mas arc ufiqria, radgan mecnieria da 

ganmartoebaSi Tavs kargad grZnobs. 

g) mirandas momwifeba da misi fizikuri ltolva 

kalibanisadmi. swored es faqti aiZulebs prosperos ifiqros 

qaliSvilis momavalze, mouZebnos Sesaferisi saqmro da 

daabrunos adamianTa sazogadoebaSi. avalebs kidec ariels, 

rom xomaldi da misi mgzavrebi uvnebelni unda gadarCnen, 

xolo mefis Ze ferdinandi calke unda gamoiriyos kunZulze. 


swored mirandasa da ferdinandis Sexvedras eswrafvis 

gulTmisani mama. prosperos rom SurisZieba ar surs, es iqidanac 

Cans, rom yvelani uvnebelni brundebian neapolSi. 

samive dasaxelebul SemTxvevaSi reJisori sxvadasxva ambavs 

dadgams. pirvel SemTxvevaSi es iqneba raRac absurduli zRapari, 

sadac gaugebari iqneba ra motivacia aqvs mTavari gmiris 

qmedebas. meore SemTxvevaSi es iqneba gaborotebuli jadoqris 

istoria, romelic ufals utolebs Tavs. mxolod mesame 

SemTxveva mogvcems qmediTi siuJetis dadgmis saSualebas 

da gasagebs gaxdis personaJTa moqmedebis motivacias. 

amdenad, siuJetis scenuri dekodirebis, anu qmediTi 

siuJetis gaxsnis problemis gadawyveta umWidroesad 

ukavSirdeba amosavali movlenis sworad gansazRvris 

sakiTxs da misi amoxsnis unari reJisoris profesiis qvakuTxeds 

warmoadgens. 

igulisxmeba sabWoTa reJimi. 

SemoTavazebuli terminebi ekuTvnis avtors 

1. Е. Гротовский. «От бедного театра к искусству-проводнику». М. «АРТ». 

2003. бвРв.:«Ответ Станиславскому». gv. 173; 

2. ix.: М. О. Кнебелъ. « Школа режиссуры Немировича-Данченко. М., 

1966; М. О. Кнебелъ. « О деийственном анализе пъесы и роли». М., 1959; b. 

nemiroviC-danCenko `warulidan~ Tb., 1973; Г. Крыжицкий. «Немирович- 

Данченко о работе над спектаклем». М., 1958; 

3. ix.: h. ibseni `dramebi~ t. I,1994; 

4. М. О. Кнебелъ. «Поэзия педагогики». М. 1976; 

5. ix.: А. М. Поламишев. «Деиственный анализ пъеси». М. 1982; А. М. 

Поламишев. «Событие-основа спектакля». М. 1977; 

6. М. О. Кнебелъ. «Поэзия педагогики». М. 1976; 

7. ix.: М.О.Кнебелъ.«Одейственном анализе пъесы и роли». М. 1959 ; М. 

О. Кнебелъ. «О том, что мне кажется особенно важным». М., 1971; А. М. 

Поламишев. « Событие-основа спектакля». М., 1977. 

50 51

maia Sengelia 

8. ix.: „qarTuli saymawvilo literaturis biblioTeka~. t. 15. Tb., 

1988; 

9. iqve. Ggv. 365; 

10. ix.: М. О. Кнебель. «Поэзия педагогикий». М., 1971; А. М. Поламишев. 

«Деиственный анализ пъесы». М., 1982; 

11. ix.: „qarTuli saymawvilo literaturis biblioTeka~. t. 15. Tb., 

1988. gv. 369; 

12. А. М. Поламишев. «Деиственный анализ пъесы». М., 1982; 

13. А. М. Поламишев. «Событие-основа спектакля». М., 1977; 

14. „qarTuli zRaprebi~. Semd.: al. Rlonti. Tb., 1975. gv.77; 

15. А. М. Поламишев. «Событие-основа сректакля». М. 1977; 

16. ix.: m. TumaniSvili. „sanam repeticia daiwyeba~. Tb., 1977; 

17. ix.: u. Seqspiri. `Txzulebani~. t. 1. Tb. (gaCeCilaZis Targmani). 

nino li partiani 

doqtoranturis II kursi 

Teatraluri xelovneba, rogorc 

socio-komunikaciuri saSualeba 

postmodernistul epoqaSi 

kacobrioba mTeli Tavisi arsebobis manZilze cdilobs 

samyaros arsis gagebas, gaazrebas da masSi Tavisi arsis 

gansazRvras.Ggarkveuli pasuxi yovelTvis arsebobda, magram 

sabolood veravin daadgina WeSmaritebis arsi. rac ufro 

meti iyo codna, gamocdileba da asaki, miT meti iyo daeWveba 

da skepticizmi; faqtobrivad aman dabada modernizmis epoqa, 

rac gamoixata nicSes cnobili fraziT `RmerTi mokvda~. es 

niSnavda ara marto religiuri cnobierebis sikvdils, aramed 

saerTo progresis eWvqveS dayenebas. àr arsebobs progresi, 

aramed arsebobs wre, romlidanac gamosavali ar aris. samyaro 

Seucnobadi qaosia.~ aman gamoiwvia modernizmis epoqaSi 

avtoriseuli protesti. warsuli memkvidreobis uaryofa da 

survili samyaros gadakeTebisa, miswrafeba imisken, rom aRweros 

da gamoxatos absoluturi kulturuli WeSmariteba. 

jer kidev XX saukunis dasawyisSi xelovnebam dakarga 

sivrce, romelSic komfortulad grZnobda Tavs. sxvadasxva 

mimdinareobis Sejaxebam gamoiwvia qaosi. gaCnda idea, rom 

adamiani martoa samyaroSi da TviTon aris pasuxismgebeli 

sakuTar Tavze. swored am azrma hpova gamoZaxili axal 

mimdinareobaSi da ra Tqma unda xelovnebaSic. modernizms 

arasdros hqonda pretenzia daufleboda farTo auditorias. 

is, Tavisi bunebiT, yvelasTvis ar iyo misawvdomi.Mmodernizmi, 

Tavisi arsebobis manZilze, Semoifargla laboratoriuli 

muSaobiT. Tavis droze modernizmma uari Tqva klasikur 

akademiur xelovnebaze da axali formebi moxaza. 

postmodernistuli epoqa, romelic modernizms Caenacvla, 

kraxgancdili kacobriobis epoqaa, romelic utopiebs aRar 

agebs da ar cdilobs samyaros gadakeTebas; piriqiT, is cdilobs 

miiRos samyaro iseTi, rogoric aris, Seeguos mas da moiwyos 

52 53

nino lipartiani 

masSi maqsimaluri komforti. postmodernizmma uari Tqva 

eqstremizmze, nihilizmze da garkveulwilad tradiciebs 

daubrunda. daesesxa sxavadasxava epoqas da Seqmna axali 

groteskiT, parodiiT da xumrobiT, xSir SemTxvevaSi ironiiT 

gajerebuli. farTod gamoiyena citaturi, kolaJuri da 

gameorebiTi xerxebi. man TamaSis xerxSi SeZlo daerRvia 

sazRvrebi masasa da elitas Soris. 

postmodernizmis, postmodernis gansazRvra, rogorc 

Teoretikosebis da mkvlevrebis umetesoba amtkicebs, SeiZleba 

mxolod `modernizmTan~ socialur-istoriul konteqstSi 

moxdes. `postmodernizmi~ aRiqmeba rogorc ambivalenturi 

termini, romelic niSnavs modernizmis rogorc gagrZelebas, 

aseve gadalaxvas.Aam TvalsazrisiT, ganasxvaveben terminebs: 

`postmoderni~, _ rogorc modernizmis, filosofiuri 

safuZvlebis revizia da `postmodernizmi~, – rogorc 

modernizmis xelovnebis gadaxedva. 

postmodernis fenomeni, rogorc specifikuri reaqcia, 

wina periodis kulturis damkvidrebul formebze, evropisa 

da amerikis mowinave qveynebSi aRmocenda. amerikeli 

Teoritikosis f. jeimisonis azriT, postmodernis gamoCena 

SeiZleba omis Semdgomi periodiT daTariRdes, kerZod, 

amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi 1940-1950 wlebiT. safrangeTSi 

postmodernis formireba mexuTe respublikis damyarebas 

(1958 w.) daemTxva. 1 miuxedavad amisa, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 

`postmodernizms samSoblo ar gaaCnia~, – ase amtkicebs 

a m e r i k e l i T e o r e t i k o s i d . s i l v e r m a n i . d R e s 

postmodernistuli situacia kulturaSi mTels msoflioSi 

SeiniSneba, xolo yvelaze `postmodernistul~ qveynad J. 

derida iaponias asaxelebs. 

1934 wels espaneli literaturaTmcodne federiko de 

onisa saubrobs postmodernizmze, romelic literaturis 

istoriaSi ganixileba rogorc gardamavali faza (1905- 

1914 ww.) `modernizmsa~ da e. w. ùltramodernizms~ Soris. 2 

yvela SemTxvevaSi saubaria sxvadasxva saxis movlenaze. 

ufro gamokveTili azri postmodernizmis Sesaxeb mxolod 

mogvianebiT Camoyalibda. am fenomenis mkvlevrebis umetesoba 


socio-komunikaciuri saSualeba postmodernistul epoqaSi 

ixreba iqiT, rom postmoderni aRmocenda mxatvruli 

kulturis farglebSi da ukve mogvianebiT gamoixata sxva 

sferoebSi – filosofiaSi, politikaSi, religiasa, Tu sxva 

mecnierebaSi. 3 liotari statiaSi `pasuxi kiTxvaze: ra aris 

postmoderni?~ (1982 w.) Tvlis, rom TavsarTi `post~ Zalian 

xSirad iwvevs gaugebrobas, is gvTavazobs ganvixiloT 

TavsarTi `post~ ara rogorc gagrZeleba, aramed rogorc 

dabruneba, anamnezi, kulturis ganviTarebis winamdebare 

periodis gadaxedva. 4 

modernizmisagan gansxvavebiT, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia 

individualuroba, postmodernizmSi aRar arsebobs individi, 

aRar arsebobs sufTa furceli, rasac aRmoaCen da amis gamo 

xdeba ukve Seqmnilis gameoreba axleburi gaazrebiT. 

individualoba ukve aRar aris msoflmxedvelobiTi kategoria, 

igi mxolod stiluri ZiebiT aris dakavebuli.AauTvisebeli 

masalis ZiebaSi postmodernizmi saocrad afarToebs esTetikur 

sferos. is swored axlis ZiebaSi moicavs ara marto mSveniers, 

aramed yovelive maxinjs, umsgavsos, vulgaruls. misTvis aseve 

damaxasiaTebelia Zvelis, warsulis gameoreba, magram mis mimarT 

damokidebuleba ironiuli xdeba.Mmayurebeli mzad aris miiRos 

nebismieri TamaSis wesi, magram, rogorc ki Cndeba TamaSis 

realobad gasaRebis mcdeloba, is kraxs ganicdis. swored 

amisTvis gaxda ironiis aucilebloba, rogorc Tavdacva da 

TamaSis xerxi, rogorc erT-erTi saSualeba mayurebelTan 

urTierTobisa. Cven ganwirulni varT gadaviTamaSoT yvela 

scenari, rac ki odesme Seqmnila. vcxovrobT gauTavebeli 

idealebis reproduqciaSi, fantaziebsa da ocnebebSi, romelTa 

originalebi warsulSi darCa. `gaqra progresis idea, magram 

progresi grZeldeba~, 5 – wers bodriari. 

rogorc cnobilia, yvela Teza badebs antiTezas da mxolod 

amis Semdeg ibadeba dasrulebuli procesi. ukve aRvniSneT, 

rom kacobrioba mTeli Tavisi arsebobis manZilze dakavebuli 

iyo WeSmaritebis ZiebiT. iqmneboda milionobiT Teza da antiTeza 

da miuxedavad imisa, rom es procesi yovelTvis xels uwyobda 

progress, yoveli epoqis dasasruls SeimCneoda Cixi, krizisi, 

romlidanac gamosavali didxans ar Canda. es badebda nihilizms, 

54 55


uimedobas. Tu modernizmis epoqa sakuTar TavSi Caiketa da 

marto darCa, postmodernizmi _ ufro elastikuri gamodga. 

man gaiazra markiz de sadis mosazreba: `Cven verasodes mivagnebT 

WeSmaritebas, sakuTari TvaliT danaxuli da gancdili 

cvalebadi WeSmaritebis garda~. mas sxva gza ar darCenia, 

unda aRiaros damarcxeba, gamovides uimedobis da protestis 

mdgomareobidan da moZebnos saSualeba, romelic Seamsubuqebs 

mis arsebobas, yofas. is iwyebs Seguebas garemosTanAda eZebs 

xelsayrel pozicias. misTvis miuRebelia aSkara ideologia, 

Rrma fsiqologizmi, siRrmeebi, `maRali~ da `dabali~ xelovneba. 

xdeba am ori sociumis daaxloveba da sazRvrebis moSla. 

postmodernizmi ibadeba dakarguli idealebis namsxvrevebze. 

is Tavis mexsierebaSi agebs sxvadasxva monapovars, mis bazaze 

qmnis sruliad axals, SeiZleba iTqvas, antiinteleqtualurs 

Ta v i s i a r s i T. xdeb a J a nr eb i s a R r ev a , s r u l i 

Tavisufleba.Ppostmodernizmi cdilobs siciliT gamoeTxovos 

warsuls. erTi sityviT, es ar aris vinmes boroti Canafiqri, 

es aris patiosani reaqcia Tanamedrove istoriis cinizmze.Ees 

ar aris moduri gataceba, es aris epoqa, romelic sazogadoebasTan 

urTierTobis axal stils qmnis. ama Tu im kulturuli movlenis 

gansazRvra uSualod dakavSirebulia gare sociumis 

TanaarsebobasTan. skotleSi Tavis fundamentalur gamokvlevebSi 

amtkicebs, rom kulturuli sivrce, romelSic Cven vimyofebiT, 

vqmniT, vSromobT da vibrZviT, mTlianad aris moculi 

postmodernizmiT da es Tu asea, ugunureba iqneboda misi 

ignorireba mogvexdina. 

Teatraluri xelovneba rTuli movlenaa, romelic 

sxavadasxva, damoukidebel sferos aerTianebs da saboloo 

jamSi erT mTlian sinTezur xelovnebad warmogvidgeba. amasTan 

erTad is mxolod mayurebelTan Tanaarsebobis SemTxvevaSi 

iRebs Tavis saboloo saxes, amitom misi arseboba 

sazogadoebasTan ganyenebulad warmoudgenelia. Teatri 

gamoxatavs kacobriobis arsebobis da yofierebis arss; aris 

modeli samyarosi anu, _ `samyaro miniaturaSi~, rogorc 

galaqtioni ambobda. Teatraluri xelovneba yovelTvis iyo 

da iqneba sarke da anarekli cxovrebisa, amitomac masSi mimdinare 



cvlilebebi pirdapir aris damokidebuli im gare movlenebTan, 

rac bunebaSi xdeba. 

cxovrebisgan gadaRlili sazogadoeba Tavisi Zalebis 

koncentraciasa da mobilizebas mTlianad profesiul 

saqmianobaSi axdens da Sromisgan daRlili cdilobs cxovrebis 

darCenili periodi dasvenebisTvis da garTobisTvis gamoiyenos; 

amitom is, ZiriTad, gasarTob saSualebad garegnul, xedviT 

siamovnebas uTmobs. mayurebeli xdeba damkveTi da imisaTvis, 

rom harmoniaSi viyoT mayurebelTan, e. w., momxmarebelTan, 

erTi mxriv, unda davakmayofiloT misi moTxovna, survili. 

amisTvis ki unda vicodeT, Tu ra surs mas;Mmeore mxriv, es 

produqcia unda vaqcioT xelovnebis nimuSad, rameTu xelovneba 

sazogadoebasTan urTierTobaSi warmoadgens erT saerTos, 

mTlians da misi ugulebelyofa xelovnebis daRupvas niSnavs. 

yovelTvis idga sakiTxi, _ unda uwevdes Tu ara Semoqmedi 

angariSs sazogadoebas, Tu mxolod xelovnebisTvis qmnides. 

es sakiTxi yvela epoqaSi aqtualuri iyo da mxolod modernis 

epoqam gaakeTa arCevani da airCia xelovneba xelovnebisTvis. 

aman ki xelovnebis sazogadoebisgan gaTiSva gamoiwvia da 

faqtobrivad, aseTi xelovneba ganwiruli aRmoCnda. postmoderni, 

meore ukiduresobaSi Cavarda.Mman saerTod moSala sazRvrebi, 

yvelaferi erT saerTo qvabSi moaqcia, _ Zvelic da axalic, 

sxvadasxva nacionaluri movlena, pop-kultura.Aamas aqvs Tavisi 

dadebiTic da uaryofoTic: erTi mxriv, gaizarda arCevani, 

meore mxriv, aman gamoiwvia orientiris dakargva. 

rogorc ukv e aR vni SneT, postm oder nizm isTv is 

damaxasiaTebelia ironia, ekleqtizmi, kaleidoskopuroba, TamaSis 

elementis gaZliereba, distanciuroba rogorc avtorsa da 

qmnilebas Soris, ise nawarmoebsa da mayurebels Soris. misTvis 

ucxoa kanonzomierebis princi pi, sistematizacia da 

klasifikacia. 

Teatralurma xelovnebam seriozuli transformacia 

ganicada da arc reJisoris saqmianoba darCa gamonaklisi. 

reJisorma, rogorc speqtaklis damdgmelma da xelmZRvanelma, 

XX saukunis dasawyisSi SeiZina qarizmatuli mxareebi da 

aRiarebul iqna Teatris liderad. XX saukuenSi iwyeba 

56 57


reJisuris, rogorc damoukidebeli Semoqmedebis, xana, sadac 

reJisori, Teatris mTavari generatori xdeba, xolo msaxiobi, 

_ mxolod erT-erTi, magram mTavari elementi mTlianobisa. 

reJisori aerTianebs speqtaklSi sxvadasxva elements da erT 

mTlian organizmad aqcevs mas da mainc, miuxedavad imisa, rom 

msaxiobs waerTva lideris funqcia, igi scenuri Semoqmedebis 

mainc mniSvnelovani, damoukidebeli da wamyvani elementia.Mmisi 

daniSnuleba scenaze iseTive filosifiuri da SeiZleba iTqvas 

mistikuria, rogoric adamianis roli samyaroSi. is yovelTvis 

gvevlineba rogorc gamtari, mediumi, romelic TamaSis 

saSualebiT axerxebs saTqmelis mitanas mayureblamde. reJisori 

valdebulia msaxiobs misces baza, romelze dayrdnobiTac 

msaxiobi SeZlebs Tavisi ostatobis srulyofilad 

gamomJRavnebas. swored reJisoris daxmarebiT axerxebs msaxiobi 

Seqmnas esa Tu is scenuri saxe.Aaseve reJisorzea damokidebuli 

speqtaklis mTlianoba da gadamdebi Zala. 

reJisorma unda gaxsnas da mogviTxros saintereso istoriebi 

adamianis cxovrebidan. amisTvis ki ar aris sakmarisi mxolod 

sareJisoro teqnikis codna, _ is pirvel rigSi, unda iyos 

`cxovrebaTmcodne~ da hqondes Tavisi saTqmeli, Tavisi 

damokidebuleba cxovrebaze. reJisorisadmi moTxovna yovelTvis 

maqsimalisturi iyo:Mmas gaazrebuli unda hqonoda 

pasuxismgebloba.Mamdenad, speqtakli ar unda iyos mxolod 

sanaxaobrivi. reJisori Teatris winamZRvaria, demiurgi, romelic 

samyaros Tavisebur models gvTavazobs. Cvens epoqaSi, e. w., 

postmodernizmis epoqaSi, igi ukana planze gadadis da, xSir 

SemTxvevaSi, e. w., saavtoro reJisura sul iSleba: aRar aris 

fsiqologiur siRmeebSi wvdomis aucilebloba, aSkara 

ideologia. erTi sityviT, reJisori aRar gvevlineba demiurgad, 

mesiad, romelic mxolod misTvis nacnob WeSmaritebas RaRadebs 

da Tavis samyaros models gvTavazobs, aramed is aris 

profesionali, romelic sainteresod mogviTxrobs 

ambavs.Aadgili eTmoba siuJetebs da personaJebs, xdeba 

mani pulireba mayureblis emociebze aTasgvari peripetiebiTa 

da triukebiT. esEyvelaferi ki saSualebas aZlevs mayurebels 

ar Caufiqrdes gmiris sulier siRrmes.Aam SemTxvevaSi mTavari 



mizani is aris, rom ar gadaRalos mayurebeli, romelic 

dasasveneblad movida. reJisorebi gamodian maRali xelovnebis 

tyveobidan da cxovrebis qaosSi iZirebian. unda iTqvas, rom 

TamaSis wesebic gansxvavebulia, mayurebelsa da personaJebs 

Soris distancia icvleba.Ddidi cvlilebebia JanrTan 

mimarTebaSic:Ggaizarda sazRvrebi sxva Janrebis SemotaniT 

rogorc TeatrSi, ise kinoSi.Mmag.: sasiyvarulo drama, erotikuli 

Trileri, fantastikuri komedia, komediuri deteqtivi, _ erTi 

ganmsazRvrelia, meore ki damateba.Ees ki uadvilebs mayurebels 

orientirebis. xandaxan Janris SigniTac xdeba afeTqeba, dRemde 

miuRebeli elementebis CarviT. erTmaneTs zed edeba 

urTierTgamomricxavi Janruli pirobiTobebi: lirizmi _ parodia, 

tragizmi _ farsi,Mmelodramatizmi – sarkazmi. Sedegad miiReba 

ekleqtizmi, rac ase damaxasiaTebelia postmodernizmisTvis. 

aseve polifoniuroba, xSirad paradoqsuli JReradoba. Janris 

gansazRvra, sul ufro rTuli xdeba. 

rogorc reJisoruli xelovnebis, aseve zogadad Teatraluri 

xelovnebis, aseTma transformaciam gaaCina zerelobis tendencia, 

gaaCina mcdari azri imis Sesaxeb, rom aseTi produqciis 

Seqmna Zalian advilia da es yvelas SeuZlia. aman masiurad 

Seqmna diletantebis, SeiZleba iTqvas Sarlatanebis, mTeli 

kaskadi, rogorc msaxiobebis, ise reJisisorebis saxiT. erTi 

mxriv, damkveTi, anu momxmarebeli da meore mxriv, mimwodebeli, 

am SemTxvevaSi Sarlatani, qmnian mojadoebul wres, romlis 

garRvevac SeuZlebeli xdeba. 

meore problema, romelic am movlenas axlavs is aris, rom 

xelovneba imdenad gaiJRinTa komerciuli maskulturiT, rom 

saxezea `kulturuli krizisi~, rac niSnavs: SemoqmedebiTi 

procesi morRveulia da sadavo xdeba sakiTxi: saerTod 

SesaZlebelia, Tu ara am procesis aRdgena.Ees damokidebulia 

masze, vinc qmnis produqcias, Tu publikaze, vinc iTxovs da 

iRebs am produqcias. SesaZlebelia, Tu ara amis aRdgena 

sazogadoebaze Zaladobis gareSe, nebayoflobiT? 

CvenTan postmodernis periodi sabWoTa kavSiris rRvevis 

periods daemTxva. postsabWoTa sivrceSi reJisorebs saSualeba 

miecaT gaefarToebinaT TavianTi Semoqmedeba akrZaluli 

58 59


TematikiT. winaaRmdegobis mospobam orientaciis dakargva da 

bunebrivad qaosi gamoiwvia. arc Cven aRmovCndiT gamonaklis 

mdgomareobaSi. miuxedavad yvelafris mimarT ironiuli 

damokidebulebisa, mainc dgeba eWvqveS, aris Tu ara es 

p ostmoder ni zmi, i m ga g eb i T, r a s a c da s a v l eTS i 

uwodeben.Yyvelafris gardaqmniT cdunebuli Taoba cud dReSi 

Cavarda, radgan is samudamod iqna `ganwiruli~ maradiuli 

faseulobebis SeqmnisaTvis. gaxleCil totalitarul 

mentalitets gauWirda damtkbariyo TamaSiT. is mainc orientirs, 

sayrdens eZebda. Znelia warmoidgino modernizmis gagrZeleba, 

roca Tavad modernma ver moikida CvenTan fexi. postmodernis 

wamyvani Teoretikosi J. f. liotari Tavis naSromSi: `pasuxi 

SekiTxvaze: ra aris postmodernizmi~, 6 ganmartavs, rom 

modernis proeqti ki ar dasrulda, aramed daimsxvra, 

ganadgurda da likvidirebul iqna. CvenTan ki misi 

reabilitacia dRemde grZeldeba. am TaobisTvis postmoderni 

ufro modur saTamaSod, keklucobis sagnad iqca. albaT Znelia 

ramdenime weliwadSi xazi gadausva warsuls, sakuTar 

mentalitets da sxva TvaliT Sexedo samyaros; magram ai, 

ukve axali TaobisTvis es aTvlis wertiladac iqca. axal 

faseulobebze dabadebuli da aRzrdili Taoba pirdapir am 

enaze alaparakda. is bunebrivad Cajda cxovrebis am ritmSi 

da yvela kanons daemorCila. 

ramdenime wlis win aleqsandre brenerma, rogorc Tanamedrove 

xelovnebis warmomadgenelma da radikalma, SimSiloba 

gamoacxada. misi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani moTxovna iyo 

postmodernis gauqmeba. puritanma ki SvebiT amoisunTqa da 

ganacxada, rom: `mogilocavT, dasrulda postmodernis epoqa 

da daiwyo mSvidi cxovrebis epoqa, romelic yvelafers Tavis 

adgilze daayenebso~.Aaqa-iq, SigadaSig gaismis mtkiceba imis 

Sesaxeb, rom marTlac didi xana dasrulda da Cven vcxovrobT 

axal kulturul epoqaSi, magram formulireba imisa, Tu ras 

moicavs axali epoqa da ras gvimzadebs is, albaT, cota 

naadreviaDda mainc, ra iqneba Semdeg?Ees SekiTxva logikuria. 

ra Tqma unda ukan dasabrunebeli gza moWrilia, arc 

postmodernizmis daxurva da damTavrebaa advili, rogorc 



produqtisa, romelmac ar gaamarTla. misi damTavreba, albaT, 

erTi mxriv, niSnavs im darRveuli qronologiisa da strategiis 

aRdgenas da dalagebas, romelic manamde xelovnebaSi logikurad 

viTardeboda. 

Cven vimyofebiT qaosis epoqaSi da qaosi yovelTvis dalagebas 

moiTxovs.Aasea Tu ise konfliqti gardauvalia.Ddasrulda 

XX saukune. yovelgvari eqsperimenti Catarebulia. SeiZleba 

iTqvas, rom moxda kulturuli afeTqeba, romelic iyo logikuri 

dasasruli yvelafrisa. axla, ki aRaraferi dagvrCenia, garda 

imisa, rom davelodoT ra iqneba Semdeg. 

1. Джеймисон Ф. Постмодернизм и потребительское общество // Вопросы 

искусствознания. XI (2/97).ст.54-61. 

2 Вельш В. «Постмодерн». Генеалогия и значение одного спорного понятия 

// Путь. 1992. № 1. 

3. Гидденс Э. Последствия модернити // Новая постиндустриальная волна 

на Западе. Антология. М., Academia. 1999. 

4. См.: Лиотар Ж.-Ф. Заметки о смыслах «пост» // Иностранная литература. 

1994. № 1. 

5. Бодрийар Ж. Злой демон образов // Искусство кино. 1992. № 10 

6. См.: Лиотар Ж.-Ф. Ответ на вопрос: что такое постмодерн? 

60 61

universitetis 

samagistro programa 

kino-tele dramaturgia 

(Teoriisa da praqtikis analizi) 

naSromebi ibeWdeba programis xelmZRvanelebis rekomendaciiT 


programis xelmZRvanelebi _ kote jandieri, nino mxeiZe 

62 63


magistraturis II kursi 


(cota ram kasavetesis Sesaxeb) 

1957 wels jon Separdis radio SouSi `Ramis stumrebi~ 

(“Night people”), msaxiobma jon kasavetesma, romelic gadacemaSi 

miwveuli iyo raTa martin ritis axal filmSi `qalaqis 

gareubani~ Sesrulebul rolze esaubra, ganacxada, rom filmi 

ar varga, rom mas ukeTesis gadaReba SeuZlia da Tu mayurebels 

surs ixilos filmi `namdvil adamianebsa~ da `namdvil 

cxovrebaze~, maSin maT unda gamoagzavnon fuli, Tundac erTi 

dolari, radiomauwyeblobis misamarTze. momdevno ramodenime 

dRis ganmavlobaSi radiomsmenelebis mier gamogzavnili fuliT 

daaxloebiT ori aTasi dolari Segrovda. rasakvirvelia es 

ar iyo sakmarisi Tanxa filmis gadasaRebad, magram kinos 

istoriaSi es faqti erTaderTi SemTxvevaa, rodesac xalxis 

mier gamogzavnili TanxiT daiwyo filmis gadaReba. am 

eqsperimentis ukan 28 wlis msaxiobi jon kasavetesi idga. mas 

warmodgena ar hqonda rogor unda gadaeRo kino, magram man 

Seqmna filmi, romelic amerikuli damoukidebeli kinos 

manifesti gaxda da veneciis kinofestivalze Jiuris specialuri 

prizi moipova. swored aqedan iwyeba miTi kasavetesze, amerikuli 

damoukidebeli kinos yvelaze mniSvnelovan reJisorze. im 

periodSi, roca safrangeTSi àxalma talRam~ ifeTqa, kasavetesma 

Tavisi filmebiT axali sunTqva da Tavisuflebis gancda moutana 

amerikul kinos, aCvena cxovreba àq~ da àxla~, gadaRebuli 

iseTi meinstrimuli filmebis xarjze, rogoricaa roman 

polanskis `rozmaris Cvili~, robert oldriCis `binZuri 

Tormeti~ da braian de palmas `risxva~, kasavetesisTvis xom 

yoveli axali holivuduri roli sakuTari filmebis 

biujetisaTvis Sesagrovebeli Tanxebis nawili iyo. 

kasavetess Tanamedrove kino formis gamomgonebels uwodeben. 

filmis dokumenturi Txrobis manera, mxolod naturaze da 

realurad arsebul interierebSi gadaReba (filmebis 

umravlesoba beverli hilzis mopirdapire mxares mdebare 

misi da misi meuRlis, jina roulendsis saxlSia gadaRebuli, 

romelic aaSenes, rogorc holivudTan mudmivi winaaRmdegobis 

simbolo; cnobilia kasavetesis mZafri dapirispirebebi 

holivudur sistemasa da holivudel prodiuserebTan, mag., 

gaxmaurebuli skandali stenli kramerTan filmze `bavSvi 

icdis~, ris gamoc kasavetesma datova kidec gadasaRebi moedani 

da filmi mis magivrad kramerma daasrula da daamontaJa. 

kasavetesi am films sakuTar filmad ar Tvlida da ar 

uyvarda), gaxsnili dasawyisi (eqspoziciis gareSe dawyebuli 

istoria) da aseve gaxsnili finali, ganwyoba imisa, rom ekranze 

asaxuli gmirebis cxovrebaSi garkveuli droiT CaverTeT da 

isini filmis dasrulebis merec ganagrZoben cxovrebas, 

msaxiobebis usazRvrod mgrZnobiare TamaSis manera, mTeli 

cxovreba maT saxeebze da maTi saxeebi msxvili xediT - es 

yvelaferi warmoudgeneli iyo maSindeli amerikuli kinosTvis. 

kasavetess sulier mamad araerTi cnobili reJisori 

moixseniebs. misi Tanamedrove Jan - liuk godari mas filmebs 

uZRvnis (`deteqtivi~ da `kinos kino istoria~, meore nawili), 

martin skorseze Tavis pirvel films, mas umadlis. swored 

kasavetesma urCia axaldamwyeb reJisors `binZuri quCebi~ mis 

garSemo arsebul sastik sinamdvileze, niu-iorkis kvartalebSi 

gaTamaSebul istoriaze gadaeRo. TavinTi filmebiT kasavetess 

siyvaruls uxsnian Jak riveti, abel ferara, jim jarmuSi, 

jonaTan demme, nani moreti, pedro almodovari, ues andersoni 

das sxv. 

niu-iorkeli berZeni emigrantebis ojaxSi dabadebuli jon 

kasavetesi 7 wlamde saberZneTSi izrdeboda da niu-iorkSi 

Casvlisas inglisuric ki ar icoda. amerikuli dramaturgiuli 

xelovnebis akadmiis damTavrebis Semdeg is pedagogiur 

saqmianobas eweva. paralelurad misi samsaxiobo kariera 

warmatebiT viTardeba, _ mas meore hamfri bogartsac ki 

uwodeben. swored am periodSi gaicnobs igi Tavis momaval 

meuRles, msaxiob jina roulends, romelic misi filmebis 

ucvleli gmiri, reJisoris ekranuli alter-ego gaxdeba da 

romelTanac 35 weli icxovrebs. 

64 65


pirvelad filmis gadaRebis idea kasavetess manhetenze 

Teatris msaxiobebisaTvis samsaxiobo ostatobaSi Ria seminaris 

Catarebisas daebada, (am seminarze, sxvaTa Soris, jon kasavetesi 

aqtiur propagandas uwevda Tavisufal improvizacias). filmis 

finalur titrebSi iwereba kidec: `rac Tqven axla ekranze 

ixileT, _ interpretaciaa~. amiT, TiTqos erTgvari gansazRvrebac 

moxda kasavetesis Zalzed specifikuri da individualuri 

stilisa, romelsac xSirad jazur improvizaciebs adareben. 

Tumca, miuxedavad improvizaciebis da eqsperimentebisa, isic 

cnobilia, rom reJisori dawvrilebiT amuSavebda TiToeul 

epizods da Zalian didxans gadioda repeticiebs msaxiobebTan, 

raTa mTeli sizustiT mieRo is, rac surda exile ekranze. 

TamaSis dros msaxiobebi ise Sediodnen rolSi, rom mayurebelze 

ubralod gadaRebis dros gaTamaSebuli improvizaciis 

STabeWdilebas tovebdnen. ase rom sinamdvileSi yvelaferi 

detalurad dadgmuli da gaTvlili iyo. cnobili amerikeli 

kinokritikosi rojer eberti `saxeebis~ Sesaxeb werda: `saxeebi~ 

– es iyo jer srulyofilad dawerili scenari da Semdeg, 

gadaRebisas, es srulyofili scenari Tavidan bolomde 

improvizirebuli~. 1 

rogorc cnobilia epizodebs, romelTa gadaRebis drosac 

kamerebi manmade iyo CarTuli sanam firi ar mTavrdeboada, 

ramodenime operatori iRebda erTdroulad. aqedan gamomdinare 

msaxiobebi rolidan saerTod ar gamodiodnen. kasavetesma, 

rogorc godarma, uari Tqva tradiciul rvianze, ris gamoc 

msaxiobs ar eZleoda saSualeba modunebuliyo, sanam misi 

partnioris scenis gadaReba mimdinareobda. kasavetesis 

improvizaciebisTvis asparezi ara marto gadasaRebi moedani, 

scenari an msaxiobebTan muSaoba iyo, aramed samontaJo magidac. 

aq is namdvil alqimiur cdebs awarmoebda. xSirad gadaRebul 

filmebs Tavidan amontaJebda. ase daemarTad `Crdilebs~, romelic 

orjer daamontaJa, `saxeebs~, romlis 125 saaTian masalas 3 

wlis ganmavlobaSi amontaJebda sanam saboloo saxe misca. 

kasavetesis individualuri muSaobis manera iseTive 

miTologizirebis sakiTxia, rogorc misi pirovneba da sakmaod 

bevri istora arsebobs filmebis gadaRebebTan dakavSirebiT. 


ben gazara, kasavetesis uaxloesi megobari da òjaxis~ wevri 

(Tavis msaxiobebs da maT, vinc masTan erTad filmebze muSaobdnen, 

is òjaxs~ eZaxda), piter falkTan erTad kidev erTi misi 

msaxiobi - fetiSi, erT aseT epizods ixsenebs `Cineli bukmekeris 

mkvlelobis~ gadaRebebidan: im dRes, roca finaluri, mkvlelobis 

scena unda gadaeRoT, ben gazara da kasavetesi erTad 

sadilobdnen. kasavetes etyoboda, rom raRac awuxebda da 

bolos ukiTxavs kidec: `ben, rogor fiqrob, unda movklaT Tu 

ara es Cveni bukmekeri?~, ìse, me mag ti pis sawinaRmdego 

araferi maqvs, kargi biWia, - upasuxa ben gazaram, - magram Sen 

gadawyvite. ise ratom unda movklaT?~. `marTlac ratom 

unda movklaT, - Cafiqrda kasavetesi, – Tanac mezizReba 

mkvlelobebi~. sami saaTis Semdeg prodiuseri movida da 

reJisors uTxra, mTeli gadamRebi jgufi Tqven gelodebaT da 

ra vqnaTo. `ra vqnaT, ra vqnaT?~ – imeorebda kasavetesi. 

bolos sigarets moukida, ben gazaras miubrunda da daiyvira: 

`kargi, wavediT, movklaT!~ 

meore msgavsi istoria `Crdilebs~ ukavSirdeba. roca Carlz 

mingusi Tavis bendTan erTad xmisCamwer studiaSi mivida, 

raTa `CrdilebisTvis~ momzadebuli kompoziciebis Cawera 

daewyoT, repeticia kasavetesis yvirilma SeaCera: `ras SvrebiT, 

Tqven xom improvizaciis mefeebi xarT...~ musikosebis 

winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, kasavetesma Tavisi gaitana. im saRamos 

studiaSi jazis brwyinvale improvizaciis koncerti gaimarTa. 

`CrdilebSi~ man Tavisi studiis msaxiobebi daakava: hiu 

hiurdomi, toni reiemi da araCveulebrivi lelia goldoni. 

radgan kasavetess im periodisTvis warmodgena ar hqonda Tu 

rogor keTdeboda kino da arc saxsrebi hqonda imisTvis, rom 

saWiro xalxi daeqiravebina, gadasaReb moedanze yvelaferi 

sakuTar intuiciasa da mis mier gamogonil eqsperimentebze 

aago, Tumca amis gamo did problemebsac waawyda. films, 

romlis gadaRebas erT TveSi gegmavda, sami weliwadi moandoma. 

gamoucdelobis gamo gadasaReb moedanze msaxiobebTan 

interpretaciebis dros dialogebs ar iwerdnen, amis gamo 

`Crdilebis~ yvela dublSi sxvadasxva teqstebs laparakobdnen, 

ramac didi siZneleebi Seqmna montaJisas. mouwiaT Tarjimnebis 

66 67


daqiraveba, romlebic piriT kiTxulobdnen. gaxmovanebaze erTi 

weli daikarga. SemdegSi kasavetesi ironiiT ixsenebda im 

daSvebul Secdomebs (miuxedavad amisa `Crdilebi~ mainc mis 

sayvarel filmad darCa, rogorc pirveli filmi): `kinoSi 

rogorc msaxiobi ise vmuSaobdi da amitom bundovani warmodgena 

mqonda imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor keTdeboda kino. erTaderTi 

rac `Crdilebis~ gadaRebisas sworad gavakeTe, iyo is, rom 

Sevkribe axalgazrda enTuziastebis jgufi, romlebsac surdaT 

SeeqmnaT raime axali~, – ambobs kasavetesi rei karneisTan 

saubarSi (kasavetesis biografi, romelsac ramodenime wigni 

aqvs dawerili mis Semoqmedebaze, maT Soris masTan saubrebisa 

da interviuebisgan Semdgari krebuli `kasavetesi kasavetesis 

Sesaxeb~). 

filmis pirveli versia 1958 wels iyo mzad da niu-iorkis 

andergraundul wreebSi did movlenad aRiqves. TviT ionas 

meqasmac ki, romelic amerikuli kinoavangardis mama da mTavari 

ideologi iyo, kasavetesi axalgazrda geniosad gamoacxada. 

`Crdilebi~, _ es niu-iorkuli neorealizmia bluzis stilSi~, 

- ityvian filmze; `sinema verite~ manhetenze~, gadaRebuli 16 

mm firiT. magram kasavetesi ar iyo kmayofili. roca filmi 

dasrulda, misTvis mxolod erTi ram iyo naTeli, man ver 

SesZlo ganexorcielebina Tavisi idea-fiqsi, _ gadaeRo filmi 

namdvil, cocxal adamianebze. es misTvis katastrofis tolfasi 

iyo. gadawyvitavs, rom yvelaferi Tavidan gadaamontaJos: `Cven 

gamogvivida inteleqtualuri da afsoliturad àraadamianuri 

kino~. filmis riTmi lamazi iyo, magram aranairi kavSiri ar 

hqonda admianebTan. erTaderTi ram maxarebda mxolod, veraferma 

ver SesZlo moekla samsaxiobo TamaSi~ (“kasavetesi kasavetesis 

Sesaxeb”). 

gadamontaJebisTvis mas fuli aRar hqonda da sesxulobda 

yvelasgan visganac SeeZlo: sakuTari mSoblebisgan, colis 

mSoblebisgan, TviTon jina roulendsisgan (misi meuRle da 

muza `CrdilebSi~ mxolod erTxel gaielvebs, 7 Tvis fexmZime 

iyo im periodSi). kasavetesi dRe da Ram muSaobs, saxlSi 

mxolod gamTeniisas midis, Sxaps iRebs da gadasaReb moedanze 

an samontaJoSi brundeba. am giJur tempSi man filmis sami 


meoTxedi Tavidan gadaiRo: `filmis meore versia ise 

gansxvavdeboda pirvelwyarosgan, rogorc ca da dedamiwa. 

bevri musika da `poezia~ daikarga, magram darCa adamianuri 

urTierTobebi, individualuri emociebi~. 

1959 wels gadamontaJebuli filmi mzad iyo da veneciis 

kinofestivalze Jiuris gansakuTrebuli priziT dajildovda. 

Cadebuli fuli TiTqmis amoiRes kidec kinogaqiravebidan. 

amerikaSi alaparakdnen amerikuli damoukidebeli kinos 

dabadebaze, Tumca am faqts yvela erTnaerad ar Sexvda. igive 

ionas meqasma da misma momxreebma zurgi Seaqcies da axlad 

gadamontaJebuli filmi kidev erT rigiT holivudur filmad 

monaTles. 1961 wels manifestSi axali amerikuli kinos Sesaxeb 

kasavetesis saxelic ki ar figurirebda (xels awerdnen: Sirli 

klarki, laionela rogozina, roberta frenka, alfreda lesli, 

ionas da adolfas meqasi,Eemilia de antonio da sxv.), Tumca 

es gasakviri arc aris. kasavetesi arasodes ar miekuTvneboda 

arc erT mimdinareobas. 

kasavetesma debiutidanve gadauxvia im gzas, romliTac 

viTardeboda misi kariera im periodisaTvis da sawinaaRmdego 

mimarTulebiT daiwyo curva. holivudis SesaZlo axalma seqs 

simbolom gadawyvita Tavad Seeqmna sakuTari ekranuli realoba, 

sadac amerikuli kinosTvis ucxo gmirebi aCvena ekranze 

(SeyvarebulTan erTad quCaSi seirnobisas `Crdilebis~ 

momxiblavi gmiri lelia goldoni aRwers Tavis grZnobebs: `... 

me ar var ubeduri, magram TiTqos tyveobaSi var, ... – ambobs 

is, - ... zogjer meSinia, rom cxovreba gverdiT Camivlis...~. 20 

wlis gogos mier naTqvami es sityvebi 60-iani wlebis zRvarze 

mniSvnelovnad JRerda) da ucnauri gzebi dausaxa am gmirebs 

gadasalaxad. im gzas, rasac kasavetesis `Crdilebi~ mxolod 

ganwyobebis doneze grZnoben, ramodenime wlis Semdeg Tavisi 

gmirebiT ukve gaazrebulad denis hoperi daadgeba 

`TavzexelaRebul mgzavrebSi~. es Tema SemdegSi Zalzed 

mniSvnelovani da Zvirfasi gaxdeba mTeli rigi amerikeli 

damoukidebeli reJisorebisaTvis da ara marto maTTvis. 

amerikuli kinos da saerTod amerikuli kulturis es 

usayvarlesi Tema – gza, rogorc metafora da erTaderTi 

68 69


saSualeba cxovrebis Secnobisa, marTlac mTavari siuJetia 

kasavetesTan yvela filmSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom is arasodes 

axl osac ar gakar ebi a road movie-s Janrs. gza da gzis Tema 

zustad im gagebiT rogorc es gvxvdeba road movie-Si: roca 

mizani ar aris mniSvnelovani da iluzorulia, roca mTavari 

TviTon gzaze yofnaa, radgan gzaSi ar aris da verc iqneba is, 

rac gvaSinebs yvelaze metad _ kanonzomierebebi (aseT 

mogzaurobaSi midian kasavetesis sami gmiri filmSi `qmrebi~. 

maTi gza, _ es aris mogzauroba droSi, mcdeloba warsulSi 

dabrunebis, raTa iq daimalo, Tavi Seafaro da amis Semdeg 

nabaxusevi dabruneba awmyoSi). magram es ukve sul sxva filmebi 

da sxva gmirebia, romlebic odnav mogvianebiT movlen, manmade 

ki `CrdilebSi~ kasavetesma axalgazrda admianebis cxovrebaze 

TvalTvaliT SeZlo daefiqsirebina ganwyobebi qalaqisa 

`revoluciis win~. 

`CrdilebSi~ qalaqi TviTon xdeba siuJeti, Tema, forma. aq 

jer kidev vxedavT personaJebs, romlebic did qalaqSi marTlac 

Crdilebs gvanan da qalaqis erTiani organizmis nawili arian. 

sul raRac aTiode wlis Semdeg wina planze mxolod maTi 

`saxeebi~ gamovlen, romlebzec aRbeWdili SfoTi da emociebi 

sxva danarCens ukan moitoveben. Semdeg filmebSi es `Crdilebi~ 

`saxeebad~ iqcevian: `films Tavisuflad SeiZleboda rqmeoda 

`saxeebi~ - wers rojer eberti erT-erT statiaSi. `saxeebi~ 

SeiZleba saerTod kasavetesis kinematografis simbolod aviRoT. 

es aris is, razec dgas mTlianad kasavetesis Semoqmedeba. 

grZnobebi, gadmocemuli adamianTa saxeebze~. 

`Crdilebis~ gmirebi eZeben idenTifikacias, sakuTar adgils 

cxovrebaSi. maimunoben, uyvardebaT, literaturul `tusovkebze~ 

dadian, sartris azrebs ganixilaven gabuRul kafeebSi, undaT 

warmateba, viskis svaven Cabnelebul barebSi da ubralod undaT 

iyvnen romantikulebi. Carlz mingusis da Safi hadis jazuri 

interpretaciebis qveS kasavetesi 50-iani wlebis amerikeli 

axalgazrdebis “SOUND OF YOUTH”-s qmnis da biTnikebis 

manhetens gvixatavs. Tumca is ar gviCvenebs berouzs, alen 

ginzbergs an keruaks, raTa im epoqis romantika gadmogvces. 

mas sxva ram ainteresebs. mas realuri adamianebi surs aCvenos 


ekranze, romlebsac reJisori sakuTar saxelebsac ki unarCunebs 

filmSi (mTavari gmiri lelia goldoni, realuradac lelia 

goldonia da a. S.). filmi zustad gadmoscems 50-iani wlebis 

niu-iorkis ganwyobas, roca haerSi jazi da poezia iyo 

gaJRenTili, roca ukve TiTqos igrZnoboda, rom niadagi mzaddeba 

im didi qariSxlisTvis rac 60-inebSi datrialdeba. manmade 

ki im Ramis niu-iorkSi, romelic `CrdilebSia~ asaxuli, 

gamoCndebian axali gmirebi. maT Soris axalgazrda Savkaniani 

musikosebic, romelTaTvisac jazi TviTgadarCnis, maTi 

kulturisa da genis SemanarCunebeli saSualeba da erTgvari 

brZolis iaraRic iyo. Ramis niu-iorki am hangebis qveS izidavda 

da aerTianebda aramarto Savkanianebs, aramed nonkonformistulad 

ganwyobil TeTrkanian axalgazrdebsac, mdidari ojaxebis Svilebs, 

romlebic Rameebs klubebSi, cekvaSi atarebdnen jazis fonze 

da axali ideebiTa da axali cxovrebis surviliT imuxtebodnen. 

`CrdilebTan~ dakavSirebiT rasakvirvelia rasizmis 

problemaze msjeloben xolme, radgan filmis `love story” swored 

am Temis garSemo trialebs da eizenhaueris periodis 

amerikisTvis kvlav tabuirebul Temas exeba. Tumca kasavetesi 

Sorsaa `liberaluri paTososgan~, is ar ayenebs sakiTxs, vTqvaT 

aseTi formiT: `Savkanianebic adamianebi arian!~, rac Tavad 

feradkanianebSic ki gaRizianebis gamomwvevi iqneboda. mulati 

leliasa da misi TeTrkaniani Seyvarebulis istoriaSi zogadad 

qalis da mamakacis urTierTobebis problemebia dasmuli da 

rasobrivi problema mxolod amZafres am xazs. 

kasavetesisTvis mTavari Tema, filmidan filmSi, swored 

qalis da mamakacis urTierTobebis kvlevaa. amaze trialebs 

mTeli samyaro, mTeli cxovrebis azri, amas gviyveba is filmidan 

filmSi mTeli Tavisi cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis ganmavlobaSi: 

`me arasodes gadaviReb filmebs sxva Temaze qalis da mamakacis 

urTierTobebis garda~. martin skorsezes dokumentur filmSi 

`mogzauroba amerikul kinoSi martin skorsezesTan erTad~ 

kasavetesi ambobs: `me mxolod erTi ram mainteresebs... da es, 

_ siyvarulia~. 

magram kasavetesis pirveli filmi, misi sxva filmebisgan 

gansxvavebiT, pirvel rigSi axalgazrdobazea. am Temas is 

70 71


aRarasodes aRar miubrundeba. mas sxva urTierTobebis moyola 

moundeba filmebiT. albaT amitomac xSirad imeorebda, rom 

`Crdilebi~ mas mxolod axalgazrdobaSi SeeZlo gadaeRo. 

misi arcerT filmi aRar iqneba aseTi Tbili, lirikuli da 

poeturi: `Crdilebi~ aris realisturi drama, romelSic aris 

imedi. es aris filmi adamianebze, romlebic amerikuli 

sazogadoebis dabal fenebs warmoadgenen. filmi imaze, Tu 

rogor cxovroben, rogor umklavdebian realobas es adamianebi 

da rogor ar kargaven imeds, ar kargaven rwmenas. me mjera 

adamianebis!~. 

Tumca ukanasknel SedevrSi `siyvarulis dineba~ is 

`Crdilebidan~ erT Temas gaixsenebs. es da-Zmis urTierTobaa. 

da-Zmisa, romlebic didi xania aRar arian axalgazrdebi da 

lelia goldonis axalgazrduli sixalase maTTvis Soreuli 

warsulia. 

rojer eberti werda: `kasavetesis gmirebs undaT, eZeben da 

sWirdebaT siyvaruli yvelaze metad amqveynad. Tavad isini 

Zalzed Znelad gascemen am grZnobas da aseve Znelad iReben 

mas. magram RmerTo Cemo, rogor cdiloben...~. 2 

da marTlac, `siyvarulis dineba~ es aris filmi ubedur 

adamianebze, romlebsac isev sWirdebaT siyvaruli. 

filmSi saras, jina roulendsis gmirs, saxlSi mohyavs 

ori cxeni, Txa, batebi, qaTmebi, ZaRli, TuTiyuSi da es ar aris 

komedia. taqsidan gadmosuli adamiani, romelsac mTeli zooparki 

mosdevs ukan sasowarkveTilebaSi Cavardnili qalia, romlis 

qmedebac misi ubedurebis gancdis araadeqvaturi gamomxatvelia. 

cxovrebis rTul etaps sara Tavis ZmasTan erTad gadalaxavs, 

romlis cxovrebaSic analogiuri periodi dgas. roberti 

fleiboi mwerlia, mTel Rameebs sigaretis kvamliT gabuRul 

barebSi rom atarebs viskis WiqiT xelSi da qalebis garemocvaSi, 

romlebsac gauTaveblad uyveba rogor uyvars isini. `siyvarulis 

dinebis~ yvelaze saintereso intriga is aris, rom naxevari 

filmis ganmavlobaSi verc vxvdebiT ra kavSirSi arian es ori 

adamiani erTmaneTTan. `siyvarulis dinebis~ finalSi kasavetesis 

personaJi emSvidobeba jina roulendsis gmirs. filmis 

gadaRebebis dasawyisSi kasavetesi ukve avad iyo da es finaluri 


damSvidobeba simbolurad iqca. is emSvidobeba jinas, mayurebels, 

kinos... 

Tu laparakia realizmze kinoSi, msgavsi utyuaroba da 

miaxloeba realobasTan ar gvxvdeba, albaT, arc `sinema veriteSi~ 

da arc àxal talRaSi~. Tumca, es realizmi reJisors ar 

uSlis xels siuJetSi Semoitanos iseTi xazebi rogoricaa: 

halucinaciebi, sizmrebi das xv. (mag. `siyvarulis dineba~, 

`premiera~). es aris dramebi adamianTa cxovrebidan, e. w., 

`saqorwino trilogia~, iqneba es: `mini da moskovici~, `saxeebi~, 

`qali zegavlenis qveS~ Tu GholivudSi gakeTebuuli `gloria~, 

romlebSic kasavetesis gmirebi icinian, svaven, isterikebi 

aqvT, giJdebian kidec, ganuwyvetliv arCeven urTierTobebs da 

Cxuboben erTmaneTan, ibrZvian TavisuflebisTvis, SfoTaven, TavianT 

socialur rolebTan modian winaaRmdegobaSi, isterikis zRvarze 

arian da maTi xarxarSi gadasuli sicili ufro saSiSia, 

vidre cremlebi. marTalia `Crdilebis~ gmirebisgan gaansxvavebiT, 

romlebsac jer kidev didi imedebi unTiaT TvalebSi, maT 

saxeebSi msgavs ganwyobebs veRar amovikiTxavT, magram isini 

mainc siyvarulisTvis ibrZoleben, radgan mxolod siyvaruls 

eZeben da mxolod siyvarulisTvis ibrZvian sxvadasxva formebiT 

da siyvaruli maTTvis is gzaa, romelSic aris sicocxlis 

azri... 

rodesac rei karneis ekiTxebian kasavetesze, rogorc 

siyvarulis udides poetze kinematografSi, is aambobs, rom 

mamakacsa da qals Soris urTierTobebi es, _ mxolod formaa 

kasavetesisTvis im yvelafris gamosaxatavad, rasac Tu mxolod 

siyvaruls vuwodebT, misi Semoqmedebis zerele gaazrebad 

CagveTvleba: ès filmebi bevr ramezea, - ambobs kritikosi, - 

cvlilebebsa da procesebze, Tavisuflebaze, sazogadoebis mier 

dakanonebuli normebisa da wesebisgan Tavis daRwevaze, 

SesaZleblobebze da sakuTari Tavis definiciebis Ria formebze; 

siZneleebze gamoxato Seni ocnebebi da survilebi da 

aucileblobaze, rom SesZlo es radac ar unda dagijdes; 

kidev mzadyofnis saWiroebaze axali gamocdilebebisaTvis; 

imaze, Tu rogor gaxde emociurad amtani da gauZlo roca 

gatkenen; imaze, rom zogjer saWiroa gawyvito kavSiri warsulTan 

72 73


da icxovro awmyoze orientirebuli ganwyobiT; emociurad 

gatexilobaze da qcevis normebze; imaze, Tu rogoria cxovreba 

im mdgomareobaSi, roca mxolod arafris codna ganTavisuflebs; 

imaze, rom zogjer unda CaiZiro iseT raRaceebSi, roca arc 

ici es sadamde migiyvans; kidev martoobis sxvadasxva formebze: 

martosulobaze, arakomunikabelobaze, gadamdeb TviTgaucxoebebsa 

da tkivilebze... da bolos, me minda vTqva, rom es yvelaferi 

TviTon kasaveteszea ... “ 

1. ix.: Roger Ebert . “Husbands”. “Chicago suntimes “/ January 1, 1970. 

2. ix.: Roger Ebert. “Love Streams”. “ Chicago suntimes “/ January 7, 1998 

• Ray Carney - “Cassavetes on Cassavetes”, 2001; http://people.bu.edu/ 

rcarney/cassavetes/ 

• Roger Ebert - Reviws on Cassavetes films : A Woman Under the Influence - 

“ Chicago suntimes “ Roger Ebert / January 14, 1998; “Love Streams” - Roger 

Ebert “ Chicago suntimes “/ January 7, 1998; “Opening Night” - Roger Ebert 

“ Chicago suntimes “/ January 1, 1977; “Husbands “ - Roger Ebert “ Chicago 

suntimes “/ January 1, 1970 ; “Minnie and Moskowitz” - Roger Ebert “ 

Chicago suntimes “/ February 14, 1972 ;“Faces” - Roger Ebert “ Chicago 

suntimes “/ December 19, 1968. 

• Журнал «ИСКУССТВО КИНО»: Михаил Трофименков, “Джон 

Кассаветес: американец, заблудившийся в Америке” №4 , 1998 

• Журнал «ИСКУССТВО КИНО» : Ольга Артемьева, “Двоеточия”, №10, 

2008 . 



andrei tarkovski – bavSvobis 

msxverplSewirva 

`da mefeTa queyanisaTa da mTavarTa 

da aTasisTavTa da mdidarTa da ZlierTa 

da yovelman monaman da aznaurman damalnes Tavni maTni 

quabTa Sina da kldeTa Sina mTaTasa. 

da etyodes mTaTa da kldeTa: 

dameceniT Cuen zeda da dagufareniT Cuen 

pirisagan saydarTa zeda mjdomarisa da risxvisagan kravisa. 

rameTu movida dRe igi didi risxvisa misisa 

da vin SemZlebel ars dadgomad?~ 

„ioanes gamocxadeba~, T. me-6, m. 15-17 

“Предчувствиям не верю и примет 

Я не боюсь. Ни клеветы, ни яда 

Я не бегу. На свете смерти нет. 

Бессмертны все. Бессмертно все. Не надо 

Бояться смерти ни в семнадцать лет, 

Ни в семьдесят. Есть только явь и свет, 

Ни тьмы, ни смерти нет на этом свете. 

Мы все уже на берегу морском, 

И я из тех, кто выбирает сети, 

Когда идет бессмертье косяком.” 

arsen tarkovski, „cxovreba, cxovreba~ 

sakuTar Semoqmedebaze saubars kinomoyvarulebTan 

Sexvedrisas, rusuli kinematografis erT-erTi yvelaze mkafio 

figura, andrei arsenis Ze tarkovski Semdegi sityvebiT iwyebs: 

„CemTvis, kino saukeTeso iaraRia, raTa mivaRwio WeSmaritebas 

imdenad, ramdenadac es SemiZlia~. albaT Sors wagviyvans andrei 

tarkovskis filmografiis miRwevebze saubari da imis gansja, 

moaxerxa Tu ara didma reJisorma Cawvdomoda WeSmaritebas, 

74 75


magram erTi ram aSkaraa, tarkovski Tavad iqca ara mxolod 

lokalurad rusuli kinematografis, aramed msoflio kinos 

WeSmarit mwvervalad, xolo moazrovneebisa da kinomanebisaTvis 

ki – kinos filosofiis stalkerad. 

dRemde ar wydeba kamaTi tarkovskis msoflmxedvelobis 

garSemo. magaliTad, cnobili rusi operatori giorgi rerbergi, 

romelmac andrei tarkovskisTan erTad kinoSedevri „sarke~ 

gadaiRo, erT-erT interviuSi ambobs, rom „igi iyo genia, romelmac 

msoflio kinematografs Tavisi SemoqmedebiT axali biblia 

Seuqmna~, _ aseTi damokidebuleba tarkovskis mimarT araerT 

adamians aqvs, Tumca, am pozicias xSirad upirispirdeba meore 

mxare, romelic Tvlis, rom tarkovski poziori Semoqmedia, 

romelmac kinoSi zedmeti da gaugebari elementebis SemotaniT 

scada mayureblis CaTreva da motyueba. rac ar unda negatiurad 

viyoT tarkovskisadmi ganwyobilni, albaT mainc gagviWirdeba 

daveTanxmoT meore mxares, radgan argumentebi, rac andrei 

tarkovskis filmografiaSi vlindeba, mxolod imaze metyvelebs, 

rom man kidev erTi axali gza gaiyvana kinos usier tyeSi da 

sruliad axali, idumalebiT moculi esTetikiT, Tavisi epoqac 

Seqmna. 

andrei tarkovski 1932 wlis 4 aprils daibada ruseTSi, 

literatorTa ojaxSi. mama, arsen tarkovski, imxanad ukve 

cnobili rusi poeti iyo, deda ki, maria viSniakova, aseve 

warmatebuli literaturaTmcodne. andrei sul raRac sami 

wlis iyo, roca mamam ojaxi miatova. amis Semdeg, 1943 wels, 

andrei dedasTan erTad moskovSi gadadis sacxovreblad da 

iqaur skolaSi ganagrZobs swavlas, sadac gaicnobs kidec 

gamoCenil rus poetsa da prozaikoss andrei voznesenskis. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom umcrosi tarkovski swavla-ganaTlebas 

moskovSi iRebs da bavSvobisa da axalgazrdobis did nawilsac 

ruseTis dedaqalaqSi atarebs, mis mogonebebSi mainc wina 

planzea sofeli zavraJie da bebiis ZvelisZveli saxli, sadac 

daibada da izrdeboda 11 wlamde. SemdgomSi ukve, am 

SegrZnebebisa da gonebaSi aRbeWdili suraTebis STagonebiT, 

tarkovski gadaiRebs `sarkes~ da araerT bavSvobisdroindel 

mogonebas CaSifravs filmSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom andrei Tavidanve 

andrei tarkovski - bavSvobis msxverplSewirva 

ar irCevs reJisorobas, skolis damTavrebis Semdeg moskovis 

aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutSi abarebs da arabistikas 

eufleba, Tumca fizikuri travmis gamo Tavs anebebs swavlas. 

„araerTxel mifiqria aRmosavleTmcodneobis swavlisas, rom 

naCqarevi arCevani gavakeTe, radgan cxovrebisa jer araferi 

gamegeboda~, – wers tarkovski Tavis avtobiografiaSi, romelsac 

Semdeg «ВГИК»-Si waradgens da daiwyeba kidevac didi reJisoris 

namdvili cxovrebiseuli gza. 

tarkovskis biografiis moyola Sors wagviyvans, miTumetes 

rom Tavad reJisors ar uyvarda am Temebze saubari, Tu ar 

CavTvliT adreuli bavSvobis wlebs. amitom umjobesi iqneba 

misi bavSvobis mokle mimoxilvis Semdeg, pirdapir Semoqmedebze 

gadavideT da is naperwkali veZeboT, romelmac did reJisors 

Tavisi filmebis gadaReba „aiZula~. xSirad aseT Ziebas, diskusia 

mosdevs, aris Tu ara tarkovskis kino Tavad reJisoris mier 

aRqmuli ise, rogoradac mas kinomcodneebi aRiqvamen. hqonda 

ki tarkovskis gaazrebuli is simboloebi, romlebic mis filmebSi 

kinomkvlevrebma aRmoaCines? msaxiobi erland iusefseni ixsenebs, 

rom roca tarkovski „nostalgias~ iRebda, iusefsema gabeda 

da hkiTxa, Tu ras aRniSnavda filmSi sanTeli, razec tarkovskim 

gabrazebiT upasuxa: „sanTeli? risTvis iyeneben sanTels? raTa 

gaanaTon! jer dafiqrdiT da Semdeg mkiTxeT, erland~. 1 ucnauria 

reJisoris aseTi pozicia riTi SeiZleba iyos ganpirobebuli. 

SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom tarkovskis ar surda sakuTari 

Canafiqri, is poeturi kino, rasac ase ostaturad niRbavda 

simboloebsa, Tu saxeebSi, erTi xelis mosmiT gaeubraloebina 

da ase pirdapir aexsna mayureblisaTvis, Tumca am mosazrebasac 

gamouCndebian mowinaaRmdegeebi, romlebic ityvian, rom es 

yvelaferi farsia da realurad Tavad tarkovskisac ar hqonda 

Cafiqrebuli araferi saocari da rom yovelive, iqneba es Savi 

ZaRli „stalkerSi~, sanTeli „nostalgiaSi~, cecxlmokidebuli 

buCqi „sarkeSi~, Tu gamxmari xe „msxverplSewirvaSi~, 

sinamdvileSi ubralo axirebaa reJisorisa, romelic Tavisi 

xasiaTiTa da niriT namdvilad amyarebs am Sexedulebas. Tumca 

aseT SemTxvevaSi mTavari amocana sxvagvarad unda davsaxoT: 

Tu davuSvebT, rom andrei tarkovskim simboloebisa da saxeebis 

76 77


awyobili sistema, erTgvari kinokri ptograma Seqmna, maSin risi 

Tqma surda amiT reJisors? ratom daSifra man Tavisi saTqmeli 

ase, an Tavadve ratom uaryofs pirad saubrebSi aseTi 

simboloebis arsebobas? am kiTxvebze andrei tarkovski martiv 

pasuxs iZleva 1967 wels daweril statiaSi: „poeturi kino, 

rogorc wesi, Sobs simboloebs, alegoriebs da am tipis sxva 

warmonaqmnebs, rasac sworedac rom aranairi kavSiri ar gaaCnia 

im xatovanebasTan, rac aucilebelia kinosaTvis~. 2 meore mxriv, 

ki SeiZleba iTqvas, rom paradoqsTan gvaqvs saqme, Tumca, Tu 

ufro ukeT davukvirdebiT tarkovskis damokidebulebas 

simboloebisadmi da Semdeg mis mierve Seqmnili simboloebis 

damokidebulebas misi filmebis pirobiTobebisadmi, yvelaferi 

naTeli gaxdeba. tarkovski uaryofs simboloebs, rogorc aseTs, 

magram Tavadve qmnis saxeebs, simbolur saxeebs, romlebic 

romeliRac konkretul mocemulobasa da situaciaSi iqcevian 

simboloebad. namdvilad gasaocari meqanizmia. Tan, Tu imasac 

gaviTvaliswinebT, rom aseTi tipis simboloebi tarkovskisTan 

gaormagebul emociur muxts gadmogvcemen, aSkaraa, rom maTi 

SeqmniT reJisorma erTgvari antisqolio Seqmna Tavisi 

filmebisaTvis. magaliTad, Savi ZaRli „stalkerSi~, filmis 

bolosken Cndeba, roca dramaturgiuli kvanZi iwyebs gaxsnas 

da TiTqos yvelanair fantasmagorias Suqi unda moefinos: 

ZaRli icavs kars, romelic periodulad iReba da romlis 

zRurblTanac ori adamianis, qalisa da mamakacis, ConCxebi 

wvanan. SeiZleba rom es ZaRli, miTiuri cerberis alegoriad 

miviCnioT? maSin udavoa stalkeriseuli zonis msgavseba 

gansawmendelTan. asevea msxverplSewirvaSic, xdeba gamxmari 

xis sakralizeba, romelsac bavSvi yoveldRiurad usxams wyals. 

leonid nexaroSevi, Tavis naSromSi, _ „wylis wveTSi – saxeTa 

simbolika andrei tarkovskis filmebSi~, _ wers, rom aseTi 

saxeebis SemotniT tarkovski pirdapir kavSirs amyarebs bibliur, 

xSirad ki ucnobi religiuri legendebis gzasTan da swored 

aseTi gza, Serwymuli kinematografTan, iwvevs andreis miRwevebs 

RmerTis ZiebaSi; es ki udavoa, rom reJisoris mTavar miznad 

mTeli misi filmografiis manZilze, RmerTis, WeSmaritebis da 

rac mTavaria, cxovrebiseul realobaSi asaxuli WeSmaritebis 

povna iqca. 


SeuZlebelia tarkovskis Semoqmedeba da misi figura msoflio 

kinoSi romelime kinomans SeumCneveli darCes. ramdenadac 

miuwvdomelia xSir SemTxvevaSi tarkovskis kino ubralo, 

gauTviTcnobierebeli mayureblisaTvis, imdenad amouwuravi da 

amouxsnelia es sakiTxi yvela im adamianisaTvis, visac kinosTan 

raime kavSiri mainc aqvs. Tavi rom davaneboT yovelgvar 

simbolikas, saxeebsa da teqnikur sakiTxebs, misi filmebidan 

yovelTvis modis is idumali emocia, romlis axsnac guls 

SeuZlia, gonebas ki – ara. ai ra komentari gaakeTa ingmar 

bergmanma tarkovskis Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb: „tarkovskis pirveli 

filmebis aRmoCena CemTvis saswaulis tolfasi iyo, me uecrad 

aRmovCndi oTaxis im karTan, romlis gasaRebic arasodes mqonia, 

romelSi SeRwevazec mxolod vocnebobdi, is ki iq, im oTaxSi 

Tavisuflad moZraobda. me vigrZeni mxardaWera, erTgvari nugeSi: 

viRacam ukve SeZlo gamoexata is, ris Sesaxebac me yovelTvis 

vocnebobdi mesaubra, oRond ar vicodi rogor. tarkovski 

CemTvis yvelaze diadia, rameTu man kinoSi Semoitana axali, 

gansakuTrebuli ena, romelic saSualebas aZlevs mas cxovreba 

asaxos, rogorc raRac xiluli da raRac sizmriseuli~, 

albaT, erT-erTi idealuri gansazRvrebaa tarkovskis 

filmografiisa, rac ki odesme Tqmula mis Sesaxeb. marTlac, 

es fantasmagoria, rac tarkovskis filmebs laitmotivad miyveba, 

ar aqvs mniSvneloba, ra xerxiT iqneba gadmocemuli, mdinaresaviT 

moZravi balaxis Senelebuli kadrebiT, Tu wylis WuWyiani 

morevis xangrZlivi axlo xediT, mTavaria rom axerxebs 

mayurebels Seuqmnas is ganwyoba, romelsac nebismieri 

aRmsareblobis moZRvari isurvebda mrevlSi qadagebisas. 

tyuilad ar gavavle aseTi paraleli, tarkovskis filmebSi 

xSirad wavawydebiT qadagebis elementebs, magaliTad 

„stalkerSi~, roca filmSi moulodnelad ismis nawyveti 

„apokalifsidan~, an Tundac „msxverplSewirva~, roca mama uyveba 

patara biWs qristiani moRvawis, ioane kolovis istorias, rac 

Semdeg alegoriulad gardaisaxeba filmis siuJetSi. 

magaliTebis moyvana mravlad SeiZleba, xSirad reJisori 

arapirdapi kadrebiTa da mdgomareobebis SeqmniT mianiSnebs 

ama Tu im religiur wiaRsvlaze. bulgareli kinomcodne 

78 79 

3 _


nedelCo milevi Tavis esseSi „sityva andreiseul vnebebze~ 

tarkovskis filmografias sam nawilad yofs: sarkemde, sarke 

da sarkis Semdeg. albaT logikuri ganawilebaa, radgan „sarke~ 

marTlac iqca erTgvar zRurblad, Tu gardamtex berketad 

mis SemoqmedebaSi, Tumca vfiqrob, aseTi dayofa qronologiuri 

Tanmimdevrobis daurRvevlobis gamoisobiTaa. Tu cota ufro 

Tavisuflad mivudgebiT am sakiTxs da imasac davuSvebT, rom 

xSirad xelovanis SemoqmedebaSi brundeba is etapi, romelic 

man ukve gaiara, SeiZleba sxvanairad davaxarisxoT tarkovskis 

kino. Cemi azriT, Tu mainc raRac niSniT gvsurs misi filmebis 

dajgufeba, es Semdegnairad unda movaxdinoT: 1. „ivanes bavSvoba~, 

„andrei rublovi~; 2. „stalkeri”, „solarisi~; 3. „sarke~, 

„nostalgia~; 4. „msxverplSewirva~. es aramc da aramc ar 

gulisxmobs imas, rom romelime jgufi nakleb mniSvnelovani 

iyos, an sxvebze dabla idges, magram ganwyobisa da saTqmelis 

mixedviT, xSirad rCeba STabeWdileba, rom es swored is 

safexurebia, romelic tarkovskim gaiara. vfiqrob „nostalgia~ 

usvams mis Semoqmedebas logikur wertils da ara 

„msxverplSewirva~. am SemTxvevaSi qronologiuri 

Tanmimdrveobisadmi yuradRebis miqceva uadgiloa, radgan 

„msxverplSewirva~ erTgvarad, gandegili adamianis warmosaxvis 

asaxvas ufro hgavs, TiTqos avtorma raRac etapi daasrula 

da Semdeg, rogorc beri, romelmac uari Tqva amqveyniur 

cxovrebaze da Tavidan daibada adamianad, reJisoric cdilobs 

agoniaSi myofi adamianis anderZis datovebas; bolos ki 

yvelaferi iwveba, yvelaferi is, rasac ase dawvrilebiT da 

detalurad gvaCvevda filmis ganmavlobaSi. mTlianad filmis 

apokali pturi ganwyoba bolos gvirgvindeba lokaluri 

apokalifsiT da Tavisufali sulis xsniT, rac manamde 

miuRwevelia tarkovskis SemoqmedebaSi. Tu gavixsenebT 

„stalkers~, filmis boloSi mTavari gmiri cols mimarTavs: 

„rom icode rogor daviRale, mxolod RmerTma uwyis! isini 

ki inteligentebs uwodeben sakuTar Tavs, es mwerlebi da 

mecnierebi! maT xom arafris ar swamT, an sulac gauqraT is 

organo, romliTac unda swamdeT! Sen xom naxe isini, rogori 

Tvalebi aqvT – carieli~! da a. S. SeiZleba Tu ara mTavari 


gmiris es sityva reJisoris wuxilad da saTqmeladac miviCnioT? 

vfiqrob, rom udavoa, tarkovskis TanagrZnoba stalkerisadmi, 

rogorc salosisadmi, romelic uSedegod cdilobs raRacis 

miRwevas, raRacis, rac adamianebisaTvis ukve aRaraa mniSvnelovani. 

diax, stalkeri salosia da saerTodac, tarkovskis filmebSi 

xSirad gvxvdebian personaJebi, romlebmac sakuTari sicocxle 

da survilebi gverdze gadades, Tavi ki, erT WeSmarit mizans 

miuZRvnes. 

andrei tarkovski ar erideba sakuTar filmebSi religiuri 

dogmebis poetur-filosofiur WrilSi gadmocemas. cdilobs 

ra axsna mouZebnos erTi SexedviT ubralo movlenebs, Tavadve 

eqceva am movlenebis tyveobaSi da Semdeg cdilobs gamoZvres 

am marwuxebidan, rac iqceva kidec amave movlenebis axsnad. ai 

ras ambobs tarkovski apokalifsis Sesaxeb: „apokalifsi, saerTo 

jamSi, bedisweris ambavia. vinaidan adamiani Tavadve irCevs 

sakuTar gzas, Tavisufali nebis gamo, mas ar SeuZlia ixsnas 

yvela, aramed mxolod sakuTari Tavi, TumcaRa, es xsna iqceva 

kidec sxvebis gadarCenis saSualebad. apokalifsi sazarelia 

TiToeuli CvenganisTvis, magram erTad, mTlianobaSi Cven 

yovelTvis vxedavT masSi imeds~. 4 imedi gadarCenis, imedi gzis 

gakvlevis arasodes tovebs andrei tarkovskis Semoqmedebas 

da yovelTvis elavs, rac ar unda tragikuli iyos misi 

filmi. yovelTvis Cndeba mtredisa („sarke~), Tu TeTri navis 

saxiT („ivanes bavSoba~). sabolood ki, SeiZleba didxans vidavoT 

imaze, emTxveva Tu ara Cven mier aRmoCenili WeSmaritebis 

naperwkali, Tavad reJisoris mier Cafiqrebuls, magram erTi 

udavoa, rom es naperwkali arsebobs. dramaturgi tonino 

guera ixsenebs, rom roca tarkovskis hkiTxa, raze ocnebobda, 

an ra surda imxanad, tarkovskim samSoblos nostalgiasTan 

erTad gamoyo bavSvobaSi dabrunebis survili. „ra Tqma unda 

me mesmis, rom es SeuZlebelia, magram gana arsebobs rame, 

rasac kino ver moimoqmedebs~? 5 tarkovski dabrunda bavSvobaSi 

da Cvenc, yovelTvis roca mis filmebs vuyurebT, misive 

bavSvobiseuli iluziebis monawileni vxdebiT. filmSi „sarke~, 

aris momenti, roca moxuci deda SvilebTan erTad Cans kadrSi, 

oRond Svilebi isev iseTi patarebi arian, rogoric dedis 

80 81


axalgazrdobis dros iyvnen. es andrei tarkovskis bavSvobis 

msxverplSewirvaa, misive warsulis realobisa da irealobis 

areva, rasac sabolood mivyavarT im martiv WeSmaritebamde, 

rasac andrei tarkovskis kino hqvia. swored aseTi bavSvobis 

droindeli SegrZnebebis gamo, rac tarkovskis mTeli Semoqmedebis 

manZilze gahyva, misi filmebi ufro metad iwveven Cveni fantaziis 

mobilizebas da TiTqos, stalkeri ara calkeuli personaJi, 

aramed TiToeuli Cvengania. es iluzia, romelsac tarkovskis 

kino qmnis, sabolood iqceva sanTlis alad „nostalgiaSi~, 

xolo miRweuli WeSmaritebis xalxisaTvis gadacemis dauokebel 

survils ki „msxverplSewirvaSi~ yvelaferi Seqmnilis, yvelaferi 

arsebulis gadawviT axerxebs mTavari gmiri. diax, es 

Tavisuflebaa... golgoTisaken mavali adamianis Tavisufleba... 

swored esaa tarkovskiseuli WeSmariteba. 

dabolos, Tavad andrei tarkovskis sityvebi gavixsenoT, 

romelic man andrei voznesenskisTan saubarSi warmoTqva: 

„WeSmariteba mxolod erTia andrei, is, rom igi ar arsebobs~. 6 

1. ix.: a.l. nexaroSevi, m.a. rostockaia, v.a. utilovi. „a. a. tarkovski – 

msoflio kinematografis konteqstSi”. m., «ВГИК»-is gamomcemloba, 2003. 

2. ix.: n.f. boldirevi. „stalkeri, an tarkovskis dReebi da Sroma” . Tb, 2003 



4. ix.: p. d. volkova.. „andrei tarkovski: arqivebi, dokumentebi, mogonebebi” 

m., 2002 



6 „andrei tarkovskis filmebi da rusuli suliereba” – s. silvestroni. 

Изд-во ББИ, 2007 

http://tarkovsky.su/ 

http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001789/ 

http://orthodisc.su/texty/Tarkovskiy/istina.html 

http://community.livejournal.com/ru_tarkovsky/ 

http://www.ufa-sretenie.ru/plugins/forum/forum_viewtopic.php?2126 

http://inoekino.ru/author.php?id=399 

goga qobalia 


kSiStof kislevskis moraluri 

mousvenroba 

polonur kinematografs hqonda ori aRmavlobis xana: erTi 

ormocdaaTaini wlebis bolos da meore samociani wlebis 

dasawyisSi. samocdaaTiani wlebis SuaSi ki daibada 

kinematografi `moraluri mousvenrobiT~, romelic kSiStof 

kislevskim daiwyo. 

kSiStof kislevski 1941 wels daibada, roca poloneTSi 

omi iyo da man bavSobis umetesi nawili gzaSi gaatara, roca 

misi ojaxi, sxva da sxva adgilas gadadioda. Teqvsmeti wlisam 

dramaturgiul skolaSi Caabara, Tumca swavla male miatova 

da Teatraluri kostiumebis ostatad daiwyo muSaoba. Semdeg 

samjer scada kino-tele skolaSi Cabareba, mesame cdaze 

gaumarTla da Cairicxa kidec. am saswavleblis damTavrebis 

Semdeg, ZiriTadad dokumentur filmebs iRebda. 

dokumentur filmebze muSaobisas, man aRmoaCina rom, rac 

ufro cdilob axlos mixvide gmirTan, igi miT ufro iketeba, 

_ ar ixsneba. amasTan, arsebobs eTikuri sazRvrebic, romlebsac 

verasodes gadaabijeb: verc gmirTan urTierTobaSi da verc _ 

mayurebelTan. dokumenturi filmi ki, es aris pirdapir adamianis 

bedSi Careva, rac amZafrebs relobis SegrZnebas. amitomac, 

misi pirveli filmis gmirebi dakavSirebulebi iyvnen realur 

gmirebTan, rac kidev ufro aaxlovebda mayrebels yofasTan. 

reJisorma Tavis adreul dokumentur filmebSi TvalTaxedva 

SeaCera qalaqebisa da muSebis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze. es 

filmebi ar iyo aSkarad politikuri, Tumca xSirad poloneTis 

xelisuflebasTan iyo konfliqtSi. mis satelevizio filmSi 

`muSakebi 71~, Tavad muSebi msjelobdnen masiuri gaficvebis 

mizezebis Sesaxeb. suraTi naCvenebi iqna mxolod `daCexil~ 

formatSi. am filmis Semdeg reJisorma yuradReba SeaCera 

xelisuflebaze, filmSi àvtobiografia~ man CarTo dokumenturi 

qronika, kadrebi politbiuros Sekrebebidan da gadmogvca erTi 

82 83

goga qobalia 

adamianis istoria, romlis cxovreba mimdinareobs xelisuflebis 

TvalTvalis qveS. 

kislevskis pirveli srulmetraJiani mxatvruli filmic 

`Srami~ moicavda dokumenturi kinos elementebs. reJisorma 

filmis gmirebad aiyavana erT-erTi fabrikis xelmZRvaneloba, 

romlebic aRmoCndnen moraluri dilemis winaSe. konfliqtSi, 

sadac dabis macxovreblebi da muSebi ewinaaRmdegebodnen 

adamians, cdilobdnen amayad warmoedginaT xelisufalni. es 

iyo reJisoris mxridan mcdeloba, eCvenebina xalxisTvis, Tu 

rogor gaurbis sinamdvile kameras. 

franguli trilogia: sami feri `lurji~ `wiTeli~ `TeTri~ 

is filmebi gaxlavT, romliTac kislevski popularuli xdeba. 

mas moixseneben, rogorc ara polonel aramed, `saerToevropel~ 

reJisorad. kislevskis mTeli cxovrebis manZilze poloneTSi 

ar ucxovria, magram is amboibda: `roca safrangeTSi Cavdivar, 

yovelTvis vbrundebi poloneTSi.~ samSobloSi reJisorma, 

marTlac Sedevrebi gadaiRo. 

kislevskis kinematografi `moraluri mousvenrobiT~, 

socialurad fsiqologiuri, mSrali da gansakuTrebiT 

prozaikuli, moklebulia gmirul miTologiur sazoms. 

maCvenebelia Tu ra mosdis Cveulebriv, _ `saSualo~ adamians 

stabilizaciis pirobebSi. 

erT-erT interviuSi reJisori paolo taviani ambobs: àrian 

istoriuli da biologiuri adamianebi, kislevski iRebs filmebs 

biologiur adamianebze da maT yoveldRiur problemebze, raSic 

isini arian Cabmulni. adamianebs, _ adaptirebulebs nacrisfer 

samyaroSi, sadac maT reJisori ubiZgebs raRac didisken, da 

aCvenebs, ras iwvevs xelovnebasTan, politikasa da rwmenasTan 

adamianis Sejaxeba. 

kislevski Tavis SedevrSi `kinomoyvaruli~ gvanaxebs ubralo 

adamians, romelic iwyebs dokumenturi filmis gadaRebas. sadac 

gmirs xelovneba aiZulebs dainaxos simarTle da samyaro mis 

garSemo. fasi ki am yvelafris gagebisa aris uzarmazari, 

magram gmirs, rogorc individs, bedniereba ar uweria. 

1981 wels reJisori iRebs momdevno, brwyinvale, magram 

amasTanave yvelaze uimedo films `SemTxveva~, sadac adamianis 

kSiStof kislevskis moraluri mousvenroba 

bedi ar ganisazRvreba misi gansakuTrebuli piraduliT. adamians 

eTamaSeba brma SemTxveva. gaxdeba Tu ara is disidenti, an 

apolitikuri specialisiti, Tundac partiuli moRvawe, _ es 

yvelaferi damokidebulia imaze, miuswrebs Tu ara is matarebels. 

poloneli kritikosebi am films uwodeben komformizmis 

gamarTlebas, magram kislevski ar iRebda istorias adaptirebaze 

an Seguebaze, ubralod reJisorma amiT anaxa, Tu rogor itanjeba 

adamiani samyaroSi, romelic moklebulia yvelanair azrs da 

cxovrobs samyaroSi sadac yvelafers marTavs SemTxveva. 

1994 wels, roca mayurebels warudgina trilogia (sami 

feri `lurji~ `wiTeli~ `TeTri~) kislevskim Tqva, rom es 

iyo misi bolo suraTi da is, SemdegSi, films aRar gadaiRebda. 

mizezi ar dausaxelebia. 

`Znelia icxovro samyaroSi, romelic ar aris aRwerili~, - 

ambobda reJisori. misi survili iyo daexata polonuri cxovreba 

ise, rogorc sinamdvileSi iyo da ara komunistur propagandaSi. 

ris gamoc TavisTavad cdilobdnen daeCexaT misi filmebi, 

magram reJisors arasodes Seucvlia simarTlis Taviseburi 

gaazreba. Tavis dokumentur da mxatvrul filmebSi, mas 

arasodes aumaRlebia xma, arasodes eloda warmatebas, misi 

mizani iyo: gamoxmaurebodnen mis filmebs. 

kislevski bevr adamianSi xedavda sulier dacemas, razec 

mas Tvali ar dauxuWavs: aSkarad saubrobda imaze, Tu ra 

rCeba adamianSi, roca is kargavs sakuTar `mes~. adamianis 

sulier cxovrebaze saubris SesaZlebloba ki, ukve niSnavda 

aseTi cxovrebis arsebobas. 

retrospeqtruli, warsulisaken mimarTulia `mokle filmi 

mkvelobaze~, - seria `dekalogidan~, romelmac kidev erTxel 

daafiqra kacobrioba. manamde ki kinoSi ar yofila 

wvrilmanebamde dayvanili mkvlelobis istoria ise, rogorc 

am filmSia. poloneTSi am filmis gamosvlis Semdeg, aikrZala 

sikvdiliT dasja. 

saerTod kislevskis filmebis intimuroba aisaxa imaSi, 

rom misi suraTebi yvelas exeba. reJisori gviyveba ara imaze, 

rom cxovrebaSi ar arsebobs Cveulebrivi adamiani, aramed 

imaze rasac Cven ver vxedavT. mis filmebSi ki es ise aSkarad 

84 85

goga qobalia 

Cans, rom SegviZlia gverdidan SevxedoT Cven Tavs. roca is 

gmiris aRweras iwyebs, gviCndeba pativiscema sakuTari Tavis 

mimarT da aRmovaCenT, rom cxovreba Tavgadasavalia. 

kislevski Tavis Tavs, qronikul pessimists uwodebda, magram 

mis sxeulSi morwmune, kaTolike qristiani Canda. rasac misi 

filmebi adasturebs. filmebi, sadac imedis, siyvarulis, 

ganwmendili usazRvro rwmena aSuqebs. saerTod keslevski ar 

iyo moralisti, is iyo namdvili reJisori, mousvenari sindisiT. 

reJisoris mxatvruli ostatoba axal mwvervals aRwevs, 

frangul polonur filmSi `veronikas ormagi cxovrevba~ 

romelSic or sxeulSi gayofili, erTi sulis Sesaxeb 

mogviTxrobs. Tu poloneli gogona uras ambobs siyvarulze 

imis gamo, rom xelovnebas uerTgulos da suli Caudgas 

`dantes~ striqonebis simRerisas, frangi gogona zurgs Seaqcevs 

musikalur karieras da fexdafex gahyveba ucnob mamakacs, 

meTojinesa da mezRapres. filmSi TamaSobda cnobili msaxiobi 

iren Jakobi. filma isev gaaoca mayureblebi, Tavisi saTuTi 

formiT da axali SesaZleblobebiT, _ aq vxedavT adamianis 

bunebas metafizikuri kuTxiT. ekranizaciis warmatebam reJisors 

misca ambicia da impulsi gadaeRo trilogia, proeqti romelic 

iyo franguli polonuri da Sveicariuli, dasaxelebiT `sami 

feri~ `lurji~ `TeTri~ `wiTeli~ (1993-1994). saTauri SeirCa 

safrangeTis droSis ferebis mixedviT. reJisoris azriT 

samyaroSi ar aris Tavisufleba, ar aris Tanasworoba da 

mainc kacobrioba valdebulia ecados da ganaxorcielos ideebi, 

romelic i povis gzas Tavisuflebisaken. swored amitom 

evropuli idealebiT sulCadgmulma filmebma, franguli 

revoluciis Semdeg, asaxes sinamdvile, is realoba, sadac 

SesaZlebelia aRmocendes axali faseulobani cakleuli 

adamianebiT. 

filmi `lurji~ areulia mwvanesTan, TeTri wiTelTan, wiTeli 

nacrisferTan. lurji feri gaxda musikis da gardacvlilTa 

xsovnis eqvivalenti. `TeTri~ aris warmodgena im samyarosi, 

romelic miiswrafis ufro Rrma azrovnebisaken. wiTeli 

SeuerTda maT Tavisi siyvaruliT da siZlulviliT. kislevski 

ambobda: àris Tu ara vinme msgavsi RmerTis, Semqmneli yvelafris 


rac ar Cans Cvens irgvliv. Tu ki daakvirdebi samyaros 

istorias da mere Cvensave istorias, maSinve davinaxavT, Tu 

rogor vusxltdebiT RmerTs xelidan~. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 

keslevski RmerTs xalxSi eZebda, rac i pova kidec trilogiaSi 

`sami feri wiTeli~, sadac man ironiulad aiRo RmerTis 

roli. filmSi is TviTin marTavda personaJebis beds da ubiZgebda 

maT paradoqsuli situaciebisaken. 

`Cveni mokle stabilizacia~, _ es ironiuli fraza ekuTvnis 

poets da dramaturgs Teodor reJeviCs, romelic ambobda, 

rom kislevskim sworad daaxasiaTa cxovrebis dabali done 

poloneTSi da saerTo apaTia xelisuflebisa 1960 wlebSi. 

aseve asaxa polonuri kulturis situacia, romelic im periodSi 

ganicdida xelisuflebis Zlier zewolas, rac naTlad aisaxa 

imdroindel mis polonur filmebSi. 

filmi `dekalogi~ (1988-1989), seria aT mxatvrul filmad, 

romelsac safuZvlad edo aTi mcneba, triumfaluri gaxda 

reJisorisTvis. `dekalogi~, romelic kinoxelovnebaSi 

Sefasebulia rogorc gmirobis tolfasi _ aTi filmi, romelic 

reJisorma rekordul droSi gadaiRo. im saukuneSi, sadac 

manierizmi da seriuli kultura iyo gamefebuli, kislevski 

da misi scenaristi, kSiStof fseviCi ar SeuSindnen Tanamedrove 

sazogadoebriv morals. maT mier arCeuli dramaturgiuli 

principi, maTi SemoqmdebiTi gadawyveta, axdens im yvelaferi 

saukeTesos koncentracias, rac ki iqna Seqmnila polonuri 

kinos mier. 

reJisori yvelaze fundamentalurad usvamda xazs 

SemoqmedebiT urTierTobas reJisorsa da msaxiobs Soris. misi 

mTavari kredo iyo msaxiobebis siyvaruli da mzad iyo scenarSic, 

gamomdinare msaxiobebis keTildReobisa, Seecvala zogi ram, 

rac maTTvis advilad gasagebi da xelmisawvdomi gaxdeboda. 

kSiStof kislevski Tavis Tavze iZaxda: `CemSi ar aris 

didi talanti, geniosebi uceb pouloben Tavis adgils, me ki 

iZulebuli var, mTeli cxovreba viaro misken. me vici es da 

amitomac mivdivar. imaT ki visac ar surT, ar ZaluZT gaigon, 

rom es procesi usasruloa, yovelTvis ityvian, me Sevicvale. 

me ki am dros vapireb, Cemi Semdgomi nabijis gadadgmas, romelic 

86 87

goga qobalia 

maaxloebs mudam miuRwevel miznamde. Cemi mizania vixilo 

Cveni Sinagani samyaro, is, risi gadaRebac SeuZlebelia kameriT. 

vici am miznis miRweva SeuZlebelia, am miznisken mxolod 

miaxloebaa SesaZlebeli~. 

mis filmebSi iSleba uzarmazari sivrce, ara marto 

kinogmirebisTvis, aramed mayureblisTvisac, sivrce, rasac gadis 

adamiani usasrulod intimur, unikalur, magram amasTanave 

Turme universalur refleqsis gzaze. zustad am gzaze aqvs 

adamians SesaZlebloba dauaxlovdes sxva adamianebs. misi 

filmebi yoveldRiurobiT gamowveuli esTeTikuri emociebia. 

gvxiblavs imiT, rom samyaro gaferadebulia refleqsiiT, 

ganzogadebulia misgan da gankacebulia. misi gmiri aris 

mgrZnobiare, dakvirvebuli, refleqsebze damyarebuli, romelic 

acnobierebs mimdinare procesebs. es yvelaferi niSnavs, rom 

gmiri imyofeba sityvis ZiebaSi, romelic saSualebas aZlevs 

Seicnos sakuTari Tavi, sxva adamiani da samyaro. es ki yvelaze 

mniSvnelovania, radgan gmiris dakvirvebuli mzeris miRma, 

mayurebeli xelaxla aRmoaCens yovel moZraobas, yovel Sinagan 

nabijs, Tundac mis monawileobas am samyaroSi. 

`dekalogis~ meeqvsve nawilTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba 

aRmocendes raRac eWvi, romelic provocirebulia da 

damabnevelia saTauridan gamomdinare. mTlianobaSi ki, es aris 

Zalian daxvewili, nazi da sevdiani, elegiuri moTxroba, uimedo 

siyvarulze, romelic gabneulia samyaroSi. iq, sadac Cans 

deficiti adamianuri grZnobebisa, aris uxamsoba da swored 

aseT samyaroSi, aucileblad amotivtivdeba mexsierebaSi ieso 

qriste saxarebidan, siTyvebiT: `giyvardes moyvasi Seni, viTarca 

Tavi Seni~. 

kSiStof zanusi werda: `kislevskis Sroma hgavs im uzarmazar 

planetas, romelic anaTebs... visargebloT imiT, rom is, jer 

kidev CvenTana, rom jer kidev mexsiereba aris axali, imitom 

rom arc ise male gamoCndeba aseTi masStabis adamiani, xelovani 

da Semomqmedi.~ 

1996 wels poloneli reJisori kSiStof kislevski 

gardaicvala. igi iyo erT-erTi ukanaskneli saavtoro kinos 

warmomadgeneli, romelic kinematografs epyroboda ara rogorc 


atraqcions da gasarTobs, aramed rogorc moralur gzavnils 

TaobebisTvis. 

man gansazRvra kulturuli barieri aRmosavleTsa da 

dasavleTs, evropasa da amerikis xalxs Soris, klasikur da 

Tanamedrove kinematografs Soris. main aiZula xalxi XX 

saukunis bolos esminaT misTvis. 

reJisori ambobda: ..filmi ar arsebobs mayureblis gareSe. 

mayurebeli yvelaze mTavaria, xolo xelovneba xelovnebisTvis 

da forma formisTvis, sakuTari talantis an vnebis vardna 

zewolis qveS, CemTvis miuRebelia da mec movyevi istoria 

romelic gadaayiravebs adamians~. 

http://burusi.wordpress.com/cinema/krzysztof-kieslowski/ 

http://cinema-translations.blogspot.com/search/label/Kieslowski 

http://krzysztof-kieslowski-about-myself.blogspot.com/ 

http://rusmilestones.ru/day/show/?id=27300 

http://cinemotions.blogspot.com/search/label/Kieslowski 

http://www.inoekino.ru/author.php?id=1987 

http://www.inoekino.ru/artc97.html 

http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/965006 

88 89

avtorTa Sesaxeb 

nino sanadiraZe _ xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori 

saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi-eqspert specialisti 

SoTa rusTavelis kinosa da Teatris saxelmwifo universiteti 

biznesisa da marTvis fakulteti – asocirebuli profesori. 

tel: +995 (77) 78 91 78 

el-fosta: ninisanadiradze@gmail.com 

CULTURE MANAGEMENT 

Nino Sanadiradze 

UNDERSTANDING OF ART SECTOR MANAGEMENT 

Summary 

In the article is briefly examined essence of attitude of meaning 

culture and art management. The proposed work presents a descriptive 

analysis of negotiation of culture and culture management, meaning of 

management differentiation in art sector and aims. 

This article describes peculiarity of marketing in art and culture 

sector and special of art market. The article concerns development 

trends of art management and how to use business skills to support and 

promote a variety of visual, performing, and media arts and artists. For 

the time being the cultural market is playing important role in the world 

economy. However, with all their importances there are financial 

problems presents with financing of culture sector. Business skills, arts 

and entertainment managers play a key role in bringing great 

performances, paintings, scripts, songs, and more to the public. 

In this article author argue for more theoretical discussion and 

empirical research into organizational and managerial dynamics of 

commercial cultural production. Their concern grows out of their 

observation that management research is neglecting cultural production 

as a serious object of investigation despite its economic, social, and 

political significance. 

ABOUT AUTHOR 

Dr. Associated professor of Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film 

Georgian State University, Georgian National Museum 

Tel: + 995 (77) 78 91 78 

E-mail: ninisanadiradze@gmail.com 

90 91

UNIVERSITY’ Ph.D PROGRAM 

DRAMA AND THEATRE HISTORY 

Head of the Program: Prof. Mikheil Kalandarishvili 

Maka Vasadze 

First Year Ph.D Student 

OAONE IS SUPPOSED TO SAY SOMETHING ORIGINAL 

ABOUT A MAN, AND IN TEMRS OF FORM AND 

STRUCTURE, IT ALREADY IMPLIES CREATING 

SOMETHING NEW… 

Summary 

While speaking to a famous Georgian theater director Robert Sturua, 

there was revealed some significant aspects. First of all, we were 

concerned about the level of influence that theoretical works of 

philosophy or art have had on Robert Sturua. There exists the term 

“film-language,” and “theater language, or the language of a theater.” 

Our key interest emerged around the factors (either a person or a 

thing) that influnced shape of his “theater language.” 

Out of 37 plays of Sheakspeare, Robert Sturua implemented around 

17. We became keen on understanding Sturua’s attitute towards 

Sheakspeare, and his approach of interpretation of a Sheakspeare play; 

how does he make his concept suitable and relevant, why does it happen 

that time by time he again gets back to the same play? In September 

2010, at the Moscow Theater “Et Cetera,” Sturua talks about staging a 

play “The Tempest.” It was also interesting, whether which of the 

forms of performing art are more acceptable for Robert Sturua? 

Those are the issues around which our discussion was held with 

Mr. Robert Sturua. Below, we suggest the entire transcript of the 

interview to our reader. 

THEATRE OPINION IN GEORGIA 

(According to the Renaissance epoch) 

Summary 

Tamar Tsagareli 

Third Year Ph.D Student 

Georgian feudal culture reached its golden age in the 11th-12th 

centuries. This conformed to the country’s economic and political 

potential and was the natural result of the development of culture in 

Georgia. Emerging on a purely national foundation, Georgian feudal 

culture developed in creative contact with the culture of neighboring 

countries and peoples. In particular, it creatively assimilated the influence 

of Hellenic and Arab-Persian cultures. Advanced Georgian society of 

those times was acquainted with neo-Platonic philosophy, Byzantine 

theological literature, Arab and Persian poetry, and works by eastern 

and western scholars. 

Permeated with Georgian feudal humanism, it developed in a new 

direction, endeavoring to portray actuality, true human feelings and 

aspirations, and avoiding the abstract dogma of religious philosophy. 

In the 11th-12th centuries’ freedom of thought and of scientific 

research were championed by the Georgian writers and philosophers 

Eprem Mtsire, Ioane Petritsi and Arsen Ikaltoeli. 

In the 11th-12th centuries the major political issues were the 

countries liberation from foreign invaders and the centralization of statepower. 

These were pressing tasks. The historians of that epoch 

concentrated on precisely these problems, and this explains their 

laudation of statesmen who headed the struggle against external enemies 

and worked to centralize state-power. They wrote openly of their hatred 

for external enemies and for the feudal lords who opposed the central 

state-power, the united monarchy. Their works are permeated with 

profound feelings of patriotism. 

They produced works on theology and philosophy, translated foreign 

works, copied manuscripts, and so forth: An important role in spreading 

92 93

education and in scientific and literary activity was played by Georgian 

monasteries outside Georgia. These monasteries, which were centres 

of learning rather than of religion, included the Iberia Monastery on 

Athos, the Georgian Monastery on the Black Mountain in Syria, the 

monastery of the Jvari in Palestine and the Petritsoni Monastery in the 

territory of what is now Bulgaria. The Gelati Academy, founded by 

David the Builder, |was the most prominent centre of Georgian culture 

of those days. It was David’s plan that Gelati should become a “second 

Athens”. In mediaeval Georgia there was another academy of this 

kind at Ikalto. 

A high level of development was attained by various branches of 

art: fresco-painting, miniature decoration of manuscripts, chasing on 

gold and silver, enamelling, and so on. It must be noted that, in those 

days, Georgia had three different schools of] chasing on gold. The 

works of the famous Georgian goldsmiths, Beka and Beshken Opizari, 

are an outstanding contribution to world art. Many branches of 12thcentury 

Georgian art, whose creations were known not only in Georgia, 

are of historic significance. 

The major achievement of Georgian culture in that epoch was the 

great Shota Rustaveli’s “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin”, in which 

humanist ideas are conveyed in classical verse-from. Naturally, in the 

epoch of developed feudalism Georgian culture was influenced by the 

prevailing world-outlook, but advanced ideas had penetrated deep into 

all branches of art and left their imprint on the further development of 

art. 

The philosophical views of Eprem Mtsire, Ioane Petritsi and 

Rustaveli did not fit into the usual framework of the prevailing mediaeval 

world-outlook. Despite the predominant ideology, advanced thought 

asserted the realisation of the advantages of earthly life. Rustaveli 

extolled earthly, human feelings, love, principles of fair play, friendship 

and brotherhood regardless of nationality or religion. 

In the llth-12th centuries Georgian science and art were 

characterized by many of the features that later became the hallmarks 

of the European Renaissance. 

DRAMA DIRECTION 

Head of the Program: Prof. Vasil Kiknadze, Giorgi Margvelashvili 

Maya Shengelia 

Third year Ph.D Student 

INITIAL EVENT AND STORY SCENIC 

DECODING PROBLEM 

Summary 

Direction with the development, it becomes necessary to analyze 

theatrical essence of determination of particular issues and their practical 

use, these issues cause – result establish connections. 

The present work is the subject of the research cornerstone event, 

the importance of defining the plot scenic decoding solution for the 

problem. 

Literary story, a story or play which is going on is that provided by 

oral membrane and the theater in the flatness of the first call. It reflects 

the work topic, this is what is written in what works. But the story, 

which is to be staged in scene usually lies in the plan, so this is not what 

we are talking about Hollywood, but what they are doing, so it play an 

effective shell. The second plan of the work expresses the idea, or that 

what the author wants to say. Stage director, visual narrative media, 

the second plan, that is an effective story has come to be. 

Effective for decisions story correctly, it is necessary to work 

properly defined initial event. Initial event is the event, without which 

the story is described in the play would not have happened. Initial event, 

the right to seek to identify what took place in the play described the 

story before the characters in a relationship, which all impact on the 

character (who first big event, it seems to work), changed their line of 

action and led to work in the narrative of a story. Initial event common 

to all characters who appear before the first big event at the beginning 

of the play and their main motivation is to act. 

Determination of starting an event differently, changing the 

motivation of the characters to act and therefore the content of their 

action, the story scenic transfer caused by different and often this story 

94 95

has nothing to do with the author’s more meaningful story, which 

expresses the idea of the work. 

Thus, the correct determination of Rising event is an effective 

solution to correct the story. 

Nino Lipartiani 

Second year Ph.D Student 

THEATRICAL ART AS A SOCIAL-COMMUNICATIVE 

MEAN IN THE POST-MODERNIST EPOCH 

Summary 

Really significant era has come to its end and we now live in a new 

cultural epoch. However it is somewhat early to formulate the meaning 

of the new epoch and its content, or to predict what it offers to us. But 

still, what will happen next? Of course there is no way to retreat, nor 

was it easy to close up and complete non-justified postmodernism era 

as the product. Its completion might mean restoration and putting in 

right order the broken chronology and strategy being developed logically 

in the art before. 

We live in the chaotic epoch but chaos always tends to be settled. 

However, the conflict is unavoidable. The 20 th century has ended. Every 

possible experiment has been carried out. It can be described as a 

cultural explosion being the logical end of all. 

Now, we can do nothing other than to wait for what will happen 

next. 

UNIVERSITY’ MA PROGRAM 

FILM-TELE-DRAMATURGY 

Head of the Program: Kote Jandieri, Nino Mkheidze 

“FACES VIEWED IN SHADOWS” 

Summary 

Mariam Kukulava 

Second year MA Student 

“Faces viewed in shadows” is a brief survey of John Cassavetes 

creative career, a famous director, recognized as father of an American 

independent cinema. It is focused on two of his films “Shadows” and 

“Faces”. 

There are short episodes given from his life from the very beginning 

of his movie experience as a young director, making his first steps 

working on his first film “Shadows”. 

Very often Cassavetes films are resembled with jazz jamsations 

for his special, personal style of making a movie, his identity, specific 

attitude to script, actors and especially editing. That makes the fact 

that he himself all his life opposed Hollywood mainstream. 

Cassavetes as a creator and personality has a great impact on 

numerous film makers and directors up to nowadays. 

In the beginning of his way Cassavetes managed to show on the 

screen characters which were absolutely different from American 

heroes of that time and were taken an aim by him to overcome life 

hedges that “Shadows” lately feel only with general sentiments. 

In his following films “Shadows” turned into “Faces”. 

After “Shadows” there are new subjects in the cinema of 

Cassavetes, background of which coveres all his creative work.“I’m 

interested only in one thing and this is love” – he will say and will 

dedicate every his film to a woman and man and to deep research of 

relationship between these two. 

96 97

Aleksandre Lortkipanidze 


ANDREI TARKOVSKI - CHILDHOOD SACRIFICE 

Summary 

When we talk about the art of Andrei Tarkovsky, I guess it is useless 

to mention particular or concrete epoch and condition, as the 

cinematography of this great and famous Russian director suitably finds 

his place, in general, in the history of cinema. 

The name of Andrei Tarkovsy is definitely outstanding in the whole 

era of cinema, but the real life of the producer itself, can be divided into 

several very important parts, with the childhood being the crucial one. 

The childhood is the period which played enormous role in his entire 

life ever after and also in his art too. In each of his movies the childhood 

is as if underlined and thus distinguished. The childhood, where we are 

suppose to search for the keys of his cinematography, was not simple 

and vapid at all, but vice versa, we can say that Tarkovsky sacrificed 

his own childhood to a great cinematographer and created significant 

phenomena out of his innocent childhood memories, fulfilled in his 

movies. And what this phenomenon is like? Is it the nostalgia of the 

childhood or the attempt to get rid of it? 

Is it an attempt to put the childhood memories on a pedestal, or is it 

just putting them on a scaffold and making the final sacrifice? Tarkovsky 

only gives us signs.. 

Moral Anxiety of Kshishtof Kislevsky 

Summary 

Goga Kobalia 


Kishliovski was a producer,who showed people in a film as a 

biological creature.Kishliovski’s film is interesting because we see there 

news,story where a main heros are we.In this leter there is narrated 

producer’s short biography,his road until a big film. The talk is about 

Kishlovski’s early films,which are made in Poland.After about European 

films. 

98 99

saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #4 (45), 2010 ART SCIENCE ...

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