Untitled - tolerantoba.ge

germaniaSi nacistebi rom
komunistebs miadgnen,
xma ar amomiRia,
radgan komunisti ar vyofilvar.
ebraelebs miadgnen da
xma ar amomiRia,
radgan ebraeli ar vyofilvar.
profkavSirebs miadgnen da
xma ar amomiRia,
radgan profkavSireli ar vyofilvar,
kaTolikeebze gadavidnen da
xma ar amomiRia,
radgan kaTolike ar vyofilvar.
Semdeg me momadgnen...
da aRaravin iyo darCenili,
rom xma amoeRo...
martin niimioleri
pastori, germaniis
evangelur- luTeruli eklesia

solidaroba
#2(29)
saqarTvelos saxalxo
damcvelis Jurnali
redaqtori: nino cincaZe
stilis
redaqtori: levan bregaZe
dizaini: besik danelia
foto: levan xerxeuliZe
daviT xuciSvili
redkolegia: sozar subari
beqa mindiaSvili
Tamar Samili
sergo ratiani
garekanze:
levan xerxeuliZis foto
Jurnali momzadebulia saxalxo
damcvelTan arsebuli tolerantobis
centris mier
ibeWdeba gaeros ganviTarebis programis
mxardaWeriT
winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli
mosazrebebi ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli
erebis organizaciis an gaeros
ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss
misamarTi: Tbilisi, maCablis 11,
tel.: 92 24 81
www.ombudsman.ge
saqarTvelos
saxalxo
damcveli
gaeros
ganviTarebis
programa
58
11
4 interviu
interviu gaeros ganviTarebis
programis mudmiv
warmomadgenelTan saqarTveloSi
baton robert uoTkinsTan
saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebi
eTnikuri umciresobebis
warmomadgenelTa TvaliT
beqa mindiaSvili
19 NOWHERELAND
politikuri eqsplikaciebi
zaal andronikaSvili
26
moamzada mariam RavTaZem
mrgvali magida
politikuri eqsplikaciebi
9 aprilidan 9 aprilamde

37
53 Rirseba
58
74
samoqalaqo kultura
samoqalaqo kultura da
demokratiis stabiluroba
gabriel almondi, sidnei verba
ufleba
adamianis uflebebsa da TavisuflebebTan
dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi cnebebi
fridon sayvareliZe
LUMEN
religiisa da demokratiis
urTierTSeTavsebadobisSesaxeb
alfred stefani
66
74
84
88
orientiri
magaliTi saepiskoposo
msaxurebisa
daviT TinikaSvili
Cveni wre
bavSvebi quCaSi
naTia guliaSvili
akrZaluli piradi cxovreba
TamTa janaZe
kvleva
gamoxmaureba
109
116 Summary
sabaziso kvleva saqarTveloSi
adamianis uflebaTa cnobadobis
donis Sesaxeb
tolerantoba da media
19

#2(29)
Solidarität
interviu
interviu
gaeros ganviTarebis
programis
mudmiv warmomadgenelTan
saqarTveloSi
baton robert uoTkinsTan
Interview with Robert Watkins,
UNDP Resident Representative in Georgia
moamzada mariam RavTaZem
gaeros ganviTarebis programa ukve mravali welia muSaobs
saqarTveloSi da sxvadasxva proeqts axorcielebs. ra gaxda Tqveni
programebis prioritetuli sfero agvistos omis Semdeg?
konfliqtis Semdeg gaeros ganviTarebis programis daxmarebis mTavar
mimarTulebas adreuli reabilitacia warmoadgens. 2008 wlis seqtemberSi
daiwyo proeqti Sida qarTlSi, regionSi, romelic yvelaze metad dazaralda
konfliqtis Sedegad da romelsac yvelaze meti iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli
piri hyavs. ianvarSi es proeqti ufro gafarTovda evrokavSiris axali
dafinansebis wyalobiT da mcxeTa-mTianeTica da samegreloc moicva.
es aris adreuli reabilitaciis iniciativa, romelmac xeli unda Seuwyos
gadaadgilebul pirTa sakuTar saxlebSi dabrunebas an axal sacxovreblebSi
maT Casaxlebas. iniciativa profesiuli gadamzadebis kursebis organizebasac
iTvaliswinebs, raTa am adamianebs dasaqmebis ufro meti SesaZlebloba
hqondeT. Sida qarTlSi gaeros ganviTarebis programa adamianis uflebebis
dacvasac uwyobs xels. amisTvis gorSi gaixsna saxalxo damcvelis regionuli
ofisi da genderuli Tanasworobis resurscentri, amave mizans isaxavs
iusticiis saministros iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuris xelSewyobac.
4
}'vh'mksr
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa
gaeros ganviTarebis programis
Zalisxmeva adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa
da tolerantobis xelSewyobis
sferoSi.
Cemi azriT, adamianis uflebebis TvalsazrisiT,
saqarTveloSi religiuri da eTnikuri tolerantobis
sakiTxebze zrunva umniSvnelovanesia.
sxva postsabWoTa qveynebis msgavsad, saqarTveloSi
aris umciresobaTa mravali jgufi, rogorc
religiuri, ise eTnikuri. vfiqrob, saqar-
Tvelom meti unda gaakeTos intereTnikuri da
interreligiuri tolerantobis xelSewyobis-
Tvis.
saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba mouwodebs saqar-
Tvelos mTavrobas ufro konkretuli nabijebi
gadadgas mesxebis dasabruneblad, romlebic
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5
solidaroba
saqarTvelodan meore msoflio omis dros
gaasaxles. samcxe-javaxeTSi aris aseve somxuri
mosaxleoba, ufro meti unda gakeTdes, raTa
regionis adgilobrivma mosaxleobam SeZlos
sakuTari produqtiT vaWroba, miiRos ukeTesi
ganaTleba, iswavlos qarTuli ena, rac ase
mniSvnelovania sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi am
regionis mkvidrTa aqtiurad CabmisaTvis.
wels saxalxo damcvelma gaeros
ganviTarebis programis xelSewyobiT
Caatara kvleva saqarTveloSi adamianis
uflebaTa cnobadobis donis Sesaxeb.
respondentebis umravlesobam SekiTxvas
_ unda hqondeT Tu ara eTnikur da
religiur umciresobebs da umravlesobas
Tanabari uflebebi? _ dadebiTad
upasuxa. magram momdevno kiTxvaze _

#2(29)
Solidarität
UNDP has been working in Georgia for years
implementing a number of different projects in
many areas. What are the priority areas since
the August war?
UNDP’s assistance since the conflict focused on early recovery
initiatives. We have a project in the Shida Kartli region
which is the area most affected by the conflict and which
has the most IDPs. Since January, this project has been expanded
with fresh funding from the European Union to include
the Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Samegrelo regions.
This is a recovery initiative to help people who were displaced
to move back or resettle in the new homes, to get
vocational training, and to start income generating activities.
In Shida Kartli, UNDP also helps to address human rights
concerns. This implies setting up the regional branch of the
Public Defender’s Office and the Gender Equality Resource
centre in Gori, and providing support for the Legal Aid Service
of the Ministry of Justice.
We are particularly interested in UNDP’s efforts
to support the protection of human rights and
to enhance tolerance in Georgia.
If you are asking about human rights challenges that Georgia
faces today, I think religious and ethnic tolerance is on
the list. Like many other post-Soviet countries, Georgia is
comprised of many different minority groups, religious minorities
and ethnic minorities. When it comes to minority
interests, Georgia has to do more to encourage inter-ethnic
and inter-religious tolerance.
The international community has been encouraging the Georgian
government to take more concrete steps towards resettlement
of the Meskhetian population which was resettled
during the World War II. There is also the Armenian minority
in Samtskhe-Javakheti. More needs to be done to open
up this region to allow people marketing their goods, to give
them better education, to teach them Georgian language,
which is obviously essential to do well in the society.
The Public Defender with the support of UNDP
has recently conducted a survey on Human
Rights awareness in Georgia. A high percentage
of respondents have answered positively to
interviu
6
aqvT Tu ara umciresobebs gadawyvetilebis
miRebis procesSi monawileobisa
da maRali Tanamdebobebis dakavebis
ufleba? _ gamokiTxulTa TiTqmis
imave raodenobam uaryofiTi pasuxi
gasca. ras ityviT amis Sesaxeb?
vfiqrob, rom es aris aratolerantulobis
SesaniSnavi magaliTi. me kanadeli var. Cems
qveyanaSi Zalian bevri eTnikuri da religiuri
umciresoba cxovrobs da yvela maTgani
kanadelad iTvleba, yvelas Tanabari uflebebi
aqvs, yvelas SeuZlia daikavos maRali Tanamdeboba,
sul erTia, wlebis win Camosaxldnen
kanadaSi Tu pirveli Taobis emigrantebi arian.
saqarTveloSi umciresobebi mravali Taobis
ganmavlobaSi cxovroben. maocebs, rom zogjer
maT eTnikuri niSniT gamoarCeven, eTnikur
somxebs, azerbaijanelebs, mesxebs, afxazebs an
osebs. Cemi azriT, es problemebs iwvevs.
vfiqrob, saqarTvelo acnobierebs, rom am
problemis daZleva aucilebelia. bevri
dadebiTi nabiji ukve gadaidga, magaliTad,
Zalisxmeva, romelic mimarTulia evropis
sabWos erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis CarCokonvenciis
SesrulebisaTvis.
rogor SeafasebT saqarTvelos
saxalxo damcvelis saqmanobas?
sazogadoebrivi azri umTavresi maCvenebelia
im periodis ganmavlobaSi, rac me saqarTveloSi
vmuSaob (samnaxevari weliwadia ukve), mowme var
imisa, rom saxalxo damcveli sazogadoebis
mxridan mowonebasa da pativiscemas imsaxurebs
da es mowoneba da pativiscema sul ufro
matulobs. man gadadga bevri Tamami nabiji
patimrebis, eTnikuri da religiuri umciresobebis,
demonstrantebis, politikuri opoziciis,
Jurnalistebis uflebebis dasacavad. mas
yovelTvis aqvs sakuTari pozicia da am
pozicias didi gulwrfelobiTa da simtkiciT
gamoxatavs. sruliad naTelia, rom igi didi
sazogadoebrivi mxardaWeriT sargeblobs.
saxalxo damcvelma moaxerxa gamxdariyo neitraluri
Suamavali bevr saqmeSi, iqneboda es xelisuflebis
sasargeblod Tu sawinaaRmdegod.
rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, igi yovelTvis
}'vh'mksr
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

moiazreba, rogorc neitraluri poziciis
mqone.
gaeros ganviTarebis programa amayobs, rom
exmareba saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis ofiss.
migvaCnia, rom es aris saqarTveloSi demokratiis
ganviTarebisTvis metad saWiro erT-erTi
fundamenturi instituti. es instituti saWiroebs
gaZlierebas; zogierT SemTxvevaSi mas
sWirdeba meti resursi siRrmiseuli kvlevisa
da analizisTvis. mimaCnia, rom es aris erTaderTi
ram, ris naklebobasac ganicdis saxalxo
damcveli.
saxalxo damcvelis ofisi sxvadasxva
saxis saganmanaTleblo proeqts
axorcielebs, magram kidev ra saxis
saganmanaTleblo proeqtebia saWiro
da ra proeqtebs dauWerda mxars
gaeros ganviTarebis programa?
sazogadoebrivi ganaTleba Zalian mniSvnelovani
procesia da mimaCnia, rom am mimarTulebiT kidev
bevri ram unda gakeTdes. amas didi dro sWirdeba.
erTi saxalxo damcveli Tavisi saqmianobis erT
vadaSi ver SeZlebs yvelafris mogvarebas. es
aris sazogadoebis Tanamedrove demokratiuli
gardaqmnis Tanamdevi procesi. aq warmatebas 5
an 10 weliwadSi ver miaRwev, amas sul cota
ramdenime Taoba sWirdeba. magram Cven sul
unda vmuSaobdeT saamisod, radgan sazogadoebrivi
ganaTleba erT-erTi yvelaze didi
gamowvevaa.
ramdenad ganviTarebulia saqarTveloSi
demokratia? romeli sferoebia am
kuTxiT yvelaze problematuri?
xSirad mekiTxebian, ra unda gakeTdes imisaTvis,
rom reformebi, gansakuTrebiT ki demokratiuli
reformebi, Seuqcevadi gaxdes. magram
ganviTarebul demokratiul qveynebSic ki aris
SemTxvevebi, rodesac demokratia safrTxis
winaSe dgeba; dasavlur demokratiaSi aris
demokratiis xarisxis gauaresebis magaliTebi.
saqarTveloSi axla demokratizaciis procesi
mimdinareobs. ara mgonia, vinmem SeZlos am
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7
solidaroba
the question whether the minorities (ethnic and
religious) have equal rights with the majority
groups. But when it came to another question
whether the minorities could have the right to
participate in decision-making or to hold high
positions, almost the same number of people
answered negatively. What do you think about
this?
I think this is a perfect case of intolerance. I am coming
from Canada – the country which has so many ethnic and
religious groups from all over the world. But yet everyone is
considered a Canadian, everyone has the same rights, everyone
can hold the highest office. It makes no difference
whether you immigrated to the country years ago or represent
the first generation. In Georgia the minorities have lived
here for many generations. It surprises me that people would
make a distinction whether you are ethnic Armenian, Azeri,
Meskhetian, Abkhaz or Ossetian. I think this causes problems
at the end of the day. I think Georgia recognizes that it
has to do something about it. Many positive steps have already
been taken, such as the efforts to implement the Council
of Europe’s Framework Convention for the Protection of
National Minorities.
How would you evaluate the work of the Public
Defender?
One of the most important indicators is public opinion. In
the period that I have been in Georgia – 3.5 years, I have
seen the Public Defender’s approval and respect by the population,
and it has only grown with time. He has taken a number
of courageous steps to stand up for rights of people
whether they be prisoners, or ethnic or religious minorities,
demonstrators, political opposition, and journalists. He has
always taken a position and he is very good at communicating
that position with great sincerity and conviction. It is
quite clear that he has a lot of public support.
The Public Defender has been able to position himself as a
neutral intermediary in most cases, whether it was against or
in favour of the government. What is essential is that he is
always perceived as taking neutral position.
UNDP is proud to be supporting the office of the Public
Defender. We think this is a fundamental institution for
Georgia, for democracy. His office needs to be reinforced;

#2(29) interviu
in some cases he needs more resources to make in-depth
research and analysis. I think that is the only thing that the
Public Defender is lacking.
Solidarität
There are some educational projects at the Public
Defender’s Office, but in addition what kind
of educational programs are needed and what
kind of projects would UNDP support in this
respect?
Public education is very important and there has to be more
work to be done. That takes a long time and this is not something
that one Public Defender is going to be able to do
during his term. It is part of a process of transforming the
society into modern democracy. That does not happen in 5
or 10 years, it takes at least a couple of generations. But we
have to work on that, it is a big challenge.
How developed is democracy in Georgia? What
areas are most problematic in this respect?
I often get asked about what has to be done so that reforms,
and particularly democratic reforms, are made irreversible.
But even in some of the most established democracies there
are cases when democracy has been reversed; there are cases
of western democracies which have gone back.
Georgia is one of the countries in the process of democratisation.
I don’t think one can give a score where it is on the
scale from one to ten, but it is certainly moving very quickly.
We have seen tremendous growth in democracy since 2003. It
is not a perfect democracy; but there is no perfect democracy
in principle.
Georgia is still struggling to ensure that the reforms really
get grounded into people’s consciousness. We continue to
see some shortcomings, particularly in the area of openness
of the media, which means to have a media which is totally
objective and which is not controlled by any government,
power or corporate interest. Even in the west this does not
happen in 100 percent, but Georgia still has considerable
progress to be made.
In terms of the judiciary, there are still a lot of questions
about how impartial the judiciary is.
8
demokratiis xarisxis gansazRvra aTbaliani
skaliT, magram igi aSkarad Zalian swrafad
viTardeba. Cven vixileT demokratiis Tvalsa-
Cino zrda 2003 wlis Semdeg. es ar aris idealuri
demokratia, magram praqtikulad,
idealuri demokratia saerTod ar arsebobs.
saqarTvelo jer kidev ibrZvis imisaTvis, rom
reformebis saWiroeba adamianebis cnobierebaSi
dainergos. jer isev vxvdebiT garkveul
xarvezebs gansakuTrebiT mediis Tavisuflebis
TvalsazrisiT. aucilebelia arsebobdes obieqturi
media, romelic ar imarTeba xelisuflebis
an romelime sxva Zalis mier, ar emsaxureba
korporaciul interesebs. asi procentiT amis
miRweva dasavleTSic ver xerxdeba, magram saqar-
Tvelos kidev Zalian bevri aqvs am mxriv gasake-
Tebeli.
rac Seexeba sasamarTlos, jer kidev bevri
kiTxva Cndeba, ramdenad miukerZoebelia
saqarTveloSi sasamarTlo.
Cven am mimarTulebiT araerT nabijs vdgamT da
sazogadoebis ganaTlebis Sesaxeb msjelobas
rom mivubrundeT, migvaCnia, rom swored es
aris is saSualeba, romliTac SesaZlebelia
sazogadoebis transformireba. unda Seicvalos
institutebi, magram mentalitetic Sesacvlelia.
amisTvis ki saWiroa ekonomikis ganviTareba.
adamianebs unda hqondeT fizikuri da
ekonomikuri usafrTxoebis minimumi mainc,
vidre isini sakuTari samoqalaqo uflebebis
realizebas SeZleben.
es aris is ZiriTadi sferoebi, romlebSic
xarvezebs vxedav. meore mxriv, saxezea didi
progresi policiis saqmianobaSi. rodesac aq
pirvelad Camovedi samnaxevari wlis win, xSiri
iyo policiis mier Zalis gadameteba _ dakavebisas
xalxs scemdnen. axla vxedav, rom amgvari
ram sul ufro da ufro iSviaTad xdeba. mimaCnia,
rom es Zalian kargi niSania, Tumca jer
kidev aris garkveuli samuSao darCenili
samarTaldamcav sferoSi.
rogor SeafasebdiT dRes arsebul
situacias, ras fiqrobT mimdinare
saprotesto aqciebze da ra perspeqtivas
xedavT am mxriv?
}'vh'mksr
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

mosaxleobis erTi nawili gamoTqvams sakuTar
azrs, radgan ukmayofiloa arsebuli viTarebiT.
ar iqneboda swori, gveTqva, rom mTeli saqarTvelo
ukmayofiloa, magram sazogadoebis
didi nawili rom ukmayofilia, es naTelia.
dadebiTi aq is aris, rom protestis Riad
gamoxatva aris SesaZlebeli. mimaCnia, rom es
Zlieri demokratiis niSania.
es procesebi namdvili gamocda iqneba orive mxarisTvis
_ ara mxolod xelisuflebisTvis, aramed
demonstrantebisTvisac: xelisuflebam ar
unda SezRudos gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, xolo
demonstrantebma, ar unda daarRvion kanoni, ar
gaanadguron sazogadoebrivi qoneba, xeli ar
SeuSalon sazogadoebrivi transportis muSaobas.
amJamad arcerT mxares ar surs pirvelma dauSvas
Secdoma. magram mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad
aucilebelia dialogi da dialogis Sedegad
SeTanxmebis miRweva.
ara mgonia, rom saqarTvelos an nebismieri sxva
demokratiuli qveynisaTvis gamosavali demonstraciebis
gziT mmarTvelobis Secvlaa. Tu xalxi
ukmayofiloa mmarTvelebiT, maTi Secvla
arCevnebis gziT aris SesaZlebeli. rodesac
raRac problema warmoiSoba, unda gaaxmovano
igi da daarwmuno meore mxare SenTan erTad
ipovos gamosavali, magram gadaayeno erTi
pirovneba yovel jerze, roca ki xelisufleba
ar mogewoneba da sxvebiT Caanacvlo, ar aris
gamosavali. ase mankier wreSi moeqcevi da
cvlilebebis procesi mxolod zedapiruli iqneba.
da bolos, rogor fiqrobT, ra iqneba
saqarTvelosTvis ganviTarebis sauke-
Teso gza xuTwlian perspeqtivaSi?
axla mdgomareoba sakmaod rTulia, ara mxolod
demonstraciebis gamo, rac TavisTavad damafiqrebelia,
aramed aseve ori ufro seriozuli
garemoebis gamo. erTia gare safrTxe, ramac
qveyana agvistoSi konfliqtamde miiyvana, xolo
meore _ is globaluri safrTxe, rac msoflio
ekonomikuri krizisis Sedegad warmoiqmna.
donorTa konferenciaze, romelic seqtemberSi
briuselSi Catarda gaerosa da evrokavSiris
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9
solidaroba
We are taking a number of steps in this direction and, coming
back to your early point of public education, we believe
that this is the way you really transform a society. You have
to change the institutions but you also have to change the
mentality. In order to do that, you have to give people economic
development. People have to believe in the minimum
of physical and economic security before they can exercise
their rights as citizens.
Those are the main areas I see as weaknesses. On the other
hand, we have seen a big progress in the ways the police
have worked. When I first came here three and a half years
ago there were many cases of the police working with impunity,
arresting and beating people. And now I see that happening
less and less. I think this is a very encouraging sign
but there is still some progress to be made in the area of
law-enforcement.
Could you say a few words about the current situation
in Georgia? What do you think about the
ongoing public rallies and what do you see as a
perspective of this processes?
One part of the population has spoken and indeed there is a
manifestation of discontent against the status quo. It would
be misleading to say that all of Georgia is discontent. But
there is no doubt that a large section of society feels this
discontent and the beauty is that they are able to express
that in an open way. I think that is a symbol of strong democracy.
The real test will be on both sides, not just the government
but equally on the side of the demonstrators. The test on
the government is that they do not repress the freedom of
expression, and on the part of the demonstrators – that they
do not take the law into their own hands, destroy public property,
or undermine the functioning of transport system.
Right now no one wants to be the first to make a mistake.
But to improve things we have to sit down and have dialogue,
and, hopefully, reach some conclusions.
I don’t think that future of Georgia or any other democracy
is in changing the leadership through popular demonstrations.
If people are not happy with their leaders there is a
process where they can be voted out of power. It is fair

#2(29) interviu
enough to express issues when they come up and to compel
the other side to sit down and try to find a solution in response.
But it is not the solution to overthrow a person and
put someone else every time you do not like a government.
If you do that you are going into the cycle of cool and counter
cool and then it means that the transformation is only superficial.
Solidarität
To conclude our interview, what do you think is
the best way for the country’s development in a
five-year perspective?
The situation is quite difficult right now. Not just because of
demonstrations on the streets, which is of course one reason
for concern. But there are two much bigger areas as well.
One is external threats to the country which broke the conflict
last August. On the other hand, we have global threats
caused by the economic crisis in the world.
Through the donor conference which we held in UN and EC
in Brussels last September we were able to collect 4.5 billion
dollars and this really came just at the perfect time for Georgia.
It is ensuring that impact of the global economic and financial
crisis is mitigated. But no matter how much Georgia
believes that it is protected, it is going to affect Georgia anyway.
It is already having an impact on Georgia’s economy and
it is going to have worse impact in next 6 months to one year.
If Georgia is able to get through this period without too
many difficulties, whether economic or in terms of remaining
true to the democratic spirit, then the next four years
should be much easier.
Of course, it is difficult to make an accurate forecast. No one
imagined a year ago that there would be a war; no one imagined
that there would be a meltdown in global economy. The
way the country deals with those types of crisis determines
how well it will handle future challenges. I am quite optimistic
about Georgia. The changes I have seen here have been very
positive. A lot of work has to be done and it is essential for
people to conceive the wisdom and work together to attain
those objectives.
10
egidiT, 4,5 miliardi dolaris mogroveba movaxerxeT,
ramac saqarTvelosTvis metad drouli
iyo. es, ra Tqma unda, Seamcirebs globaluri
ekonomikuri da finansuri krizisis gavlenas,
magram, rogorc ar unda sjerodes saqarTvelos,
rom igi am procesebisgan daculia, krizisi masac
aucileblad Seexeba. kriziss ukve aqvs gavlena
saqarTvelos ekonomikaze da misi Sedegebi
kidev ufro sagrZnobi gaxdeba uaxloesi 6-12
Tvis ganmavlobaSi.
Tu saqarTvelom am ekonomikur siZneleebs
gauZlo da demokratiuli suliskveTebac
SeinarCuna, maSin danarCeni oTxi weliwadi
bevrad ufro nayofieri iqneba.
ra Tqma unda, Znelia zusti prognozis gakeTeba.
erTi wlis win veravin warmoidgenda, rom omi
iqneboda an aseTi krizisi daiwyeboda msoflio
ekonomikaSi. is, Tu rogor gaumklavdeba qveyana
am krizisebs, didwilad ganapirobebs imas,
rogor daZlevs igi momavalSi gamowvevebs. me
saqarTvelos momavals sakmaod optimisturad
vuyureb. cvlilebebi, romelTa ganxorcielebis
momswre gavxdi, erTob pozitiuria. gasakeTebeli
kidev bevria. saWiroa adamianebma mouxmon
sibrZnes da miznebis misaRwevad erTad imuSaon.
}'vh'mksr
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

mrgvali magida
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
11
solidaroba
saqarTveloSi
mimdinare procesebi
eTnikuri umciresobebis
warmomadgenelTa TvaliT
beqa mindiaSvili _
sazogadoebriv diskusiebSi,
faqtobrivad,
ar gaismis eTnikuri
umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa
xma. TiTqmis
ar Cans maTi monawileoba
politikur
procesebSi, amitomac
Cveni saubris Tema
naklebad iqneba samoqalaqo
integraciasa
da eTnikur umciresobebTandakavSirebuli
problemebis
ganxilva. modiT pirdapir
da gulwrfelad
vimsjeloT saqarTvelos
politikur da
samoqalaqo sivrceSi
mimdinare movlenebze,
vinaidan realuri
integraciis erTerT
niSnad `centralur
da cxel~ sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebiT swored
Tqveni Sefasebebi mesaxeba.
rogor xedavT
arsebul viTarebas.
ra politikurma da
sazogadoebrivma
procesebma ganapirobes
es realoba? opoziciuri
speqtris didi
nawili radikalurad
ayenebs sakiTxs _
xelisufleba unda
Seicvalos, prezidenti
upirobod unda gadadges.
Tqveni azriT,
ra Secdomebi dauSva
xelisuflebam, ratom
mivida saqme aqamde da
ram ganapiroba opoziciis
aseTi upirobo
moTxovna?
zaur xalilovi, samoqalaqo
integraciis centris xelmZRvaneli
_ qveyanaSi politikuri
cvlilebebi arCevnebiT unda
moxdes. dRes kidev erTxel
gvaqvs SesaZlebloba mTel
msoflios vaCvenoT, rom SegviZlia
politikuri procesebis
demokratiulad warmarTva.
Tu kidev erTxel ganmeorda
xelisuflebis cvlileba im

#2(29)
xerxebiT, ra xerxebiTac es aqamde
xdeboda, jobia yvelam erTxel
da samudamod vTqvaT _ evropa
ar aris CvenTvis misaRebi,
SevTanxmdeT saxelmwifo mowyobis
romelime sxva formaze
da nu gveqneba imis ambicia, rom
evropis nawilad CaviTvaloT.
Tu saarCveno kodeqsia Sesacvleli,
unda vimuSaoT amaze
da SevcvaloT. adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobebi unda iyos
Zlieri, rac nakleb problemebs
Seqmnida, da kidev _
saparlamento arCevnebi unda
Catardes normalurad.
arnold stefaniani, `mravalerovani
saqarTvelos~ Tavmjdomare
_ zaur, iziareb Tu
ara im azrs, rom es xelisufleba
am viTarebamde mkvlelobebis,
teraqtebis, sazogadoebrivi
cxovrebis sxvadasxva
sferoSi araswori politikis
gatarebis, afxazeTisa da
samxreT oseTis dakargvis
Sedegad mivida?
zaur xalilovi _ ra Tqma unda,
problemebi iyo, magram
oseTs da afxazeTs rac Seexeba,
erTi wlis win vTqvi, rom
kosovos aRiareba cudi precedenti
gaxdeboda CenTvis,
rom amas oseTisa da afxazeTis
aRiareba mohyveboda, ruseTis,
nikaraguis Tu sxva qveynis
mier, amas arsebiTi mniSvneloba
ar aqvs. rac Seexeba oms _
CemTvis mniSvnelovania, rac
dRes ruseTma oficialurad
ganacxada _ am problemas ver
moagvarebT, Tu CemTan ar
geqneba urTierTobao...
vital nabievi, saqarTvelos
iezidTa kavSiris warmomadgeneli
_ wlebis ganmavloba-
Solidarität
mrgvali magida
Si xelisuflebam sxvadasxva
mimarTulebiT araerTi Secdoma
dauSva da amas dRes TviTonac
aRiareben. wlebis ganmavlobaSi
opozicia xelisuflebas
dialogs sTavazobda, Tumca
uSedegod. dRes rolebi
Seicvala _ axla xelisufleba
mouwodebs opozicias dialogisken,
magram opozicia uarzea.
Cemi azriT, swored am
Secdomebma migviyvanes dRevandel
situaciamde.
opoziciam didi Secdoma dauSva,
rodesac Tavis erTaderT
moTxovnad prezidentis gadadgoma
daasaxela, riTac man
ukan dasaxevi gza ar daitova.
aman CixSi Segviyvana. dialogs
alternativa ar aqvs, rogorme
unda moilaparakon dapirispirebulma
mxareebma. axla
rom opozicia dialogs daTanxmdes,
albaT xalxSi daiwyeba
laparaki, rom isini xelisuflebasTan
garigebaze wavidnen
da a.S. magram, Tu am proceseb-
Si saxalxo damcveli sozar subari
da saxalxo damcvelis
aparati, rogorc Suamavali,
CaerTveba, maSin, me vfiqrob,
es krizisuli mdgomareoba ganimuxteba
da dialogi Sedgeba.
ala beJenceva, saqarTvelos
rus qalTa asociaciis `iaroslavna~
xelmZRvaneli _ me sruliad
gansxvavebuli mosazreba
maqvs. me dRes warmovadgen
rusul diasporas saqarTveloSi.
rodesac qveynis mmarTveli
xar, unda izruno Seni
qveynis mosaxleobaze. dRes ki
ise viqceviT, TiTqos rusuli
diaspora saerTod ar aris
saqarTveloSi. xSirad miwevs
moskovSi Casvla Sexvedrebze da
vici, iqac ase fiqroben: saqar-
TveloSi arcerTi rusi aRar
12
}'vh'mksr
darCao. es Zalian mtkivneulia.
saqarTvelo ekonomikurad da
politikurad ar iyo ise welgamarTuli,
rom mezobel qveyanasTan
urTierToba ase gaer-
Tulebina. es ar aris mxolod
Cemi mosazreba. TiTqmis yvela
Sexvedraze am azrs afiqsireben
pirvel yovlisa TviTon qarTvelebi.
meore yvelaze didi
Secdoma omi iyo. yvelaferi
unda gakeTebuliyo saimisod,
rom saomari qmedebebi Tavidan
agvecilebina.
rac Seexeba opozicias, raki
arCevnebSi xmebis garkveuli
raodenoba miiRes, parlamentSi
Sesvlaze uari ar unda
eTqvaT. unda darCeniliyvnen
parlamentSi da maqsimalurad
gamoeyenebinaT es SesaZlebloba.
raki ase ar moiqcnen, me
maT naklebad vendobi. dRes
opozicia iTxovs xelaxal
arCevnebs, prezidentis Secvlas
da a.S. Cemi azriT, es kargs
arafers moitans, radgan saqarTvelos,
bolo dros ganviTarebuli
movlenebis gamo,
Seelaxa reputacia rogorc
qveynis SigniT, aseve saerTa-
Soriso sazogadoebis TvalSi.
am TamaSebs, romlebic qveynis
SigniT imarTeba, isev
vimeoreb, saqarTvelosTvis
kargi araferi moaqvs.
arnold stefaniani _ me bevri
rame ar momwons, rac dRes
qveyanaSi xdeba. Cven yovelTvis
virCevT belads da ara prezidents.
xSirad maRali ndoba,
romelsac xalxi ucxadebs
mis mier arCeuli kandidats,
maleve gadadis undoblobasa
da imedebis gacruebaSi. am xelisuflebam
TiTqmis yvela
fenis warmomadgenlebi gadaimtera.
me axla vsaubrob mi-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

nusebze, Tumca dadebiT mxareebzec
SemiZlia vilaparako.
xelisuflebis pirveli Secdoma
konstituciuri cvlilebebi
iyo. amiT xelisuflebam
am dokuments avtoriteti
daukarga. amieridan nebismier
xelisuflebas SeuZlia konstitucia
Tavis Tavze moirgos.
amis Semdeg daiwyo saubari,
rom xelisuflebaSi mosuli
adamianebi liberaluri demokratiis
momxreebi ki ara,
ufro diqtatoruli ganwyobebis
matareblebi iyvnen.
ekonomikuri politika swori
iyo, Tumca xelisufleba Sokur
Terapias iyenebda ama Tu
im siaxlis danergvisas, rac,
Cemi azriT, ar iyo marTebuli.
minda visaubro politpatimrebze
_ Cveni informaciiT,
dRes saqarTveloSi ocdaTeqvsmetze
meti politpatimaria.
Cemi azriT, es aris erT-erTi
pirveli indikatori imisa, rom
xelisuflebas, an, SegviZlia
vTqvaT, qveyanas, garkveuli
problemebi aqvs demokratiasTan
mimarTebiT.
Cemi azriT, omis aseTi katastrofuli
SedegebiT damTavrebis
Semdeg xelisufleba
unda gadamdgariyo. am xelisuflebam
kargad icis, rom
aRar aqvs iseTi saerTaSoriso
mxardaWera, rogoric SarSandel
agvistomde hqonda. saprezidento
arCevnebma Zalian
cudad Caiara, Cemi organizacia
`mravalerovnuli saqar-
Tvelo~ akvirdeboda am ar-
Cevnebs da sakmarisze bevri
faqti mogvepoveba saimisod,
rom vTqvaT _ samcxe-javaxe-
Tisa da qvemo qarTlis saar-
Cevno Sedegebi saerTod unda
gauqmdes, radgan xmebis 90%ze
meti gayalbebuli iyo. es
aisaxa Cvens daskvnaSi.
am xelisuflebis da misi aqtiuri
mxardamWerebis mTavari
problema cinizmia. adamianebi,
romlebic dRes politikas qmnian,
iqamde mividnen, rom xalxi
maT aRar endoba. cinizmia, rodesac
xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi
Savze amboben TeTriao.
cinizmia, rodesac diskusiis
dros me vcdilob argumentebiT
velaparako xelisuflebis
warmomadgenlebs, mivu-
TiTo Secdomebze da vuTxra,
modiT, iqneb rogorme gamovasworoT
mdgomareoba, maT ki es
ar ainteresebT. kargad ician,
rom Secdomebi dauSves, magram
ar undaT amis aRiareba. cinizmis
piki iyo, rodesac saprezidento
arCevnebis mogebis Taobaze
naadrevad gaakeTes gancxadeba,
cinizmis piki iyo,
rodesac `imedSi~ Sevardnen,
cinizmis piki iyo 7 noemberi,
mediasaSulebebisTvis boiko-
zaur xalilovi
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
13
solidaroba
tis gamocxadeba da gancxadebebi,
qvemo qarTlsa da javaxeTSi
yvelaferi kargad ariso.
aqve vityvi, rom Cvenma arasam-
Tavrobo organizaciam `mravalerovnuli
saqarTvelo~ gaafarTova
samoqmedo areali
da eTnikur da sxva sakiTxebzec
vmuSaobT. davafuZneT centri,
romelic adamianis uflebebis
monitorings Caatarebs
rusTavelis prospeqtze. viwyebT
agreTve mosaxleobis gamokiTxvas,
rogor gamovideT
Seqmnili situaciidan. mopovebuli
monacemebis safuZvelze
vapirebT SevimuSaoT rekomendaciebi,
romlebsac orive
mxares _ xelisuflebasac
da opoziciasac _ mivawvdiT.
Seiqmna eTnikuri umciresobebis
sainiciativo jgufic, romlis
wevrebi uaxloes momaval-
Si qarTvelebTan erTad daafuZneben
politikur partias
da, vfiqrob, es partia Semdeg
arCevnebSi ukve miiRebs
monawileobas.

#2(29)
Solidarität
beqa mindiaSvili _
vcadoT, obieqturad
SevafasoT xelisuflebis
mier bolo xuT
weliwadSi gaweuli
muSaoba. negatiurTan
erTad, visaubroT imazec,
rac kargi gakeTda.
zaur xalilovi _ sworad
moiqca xelisufleba, roca
ganacxada, rom samoqalaqo
sazogadoeba ar aris erTgvarovani,
mravalferovania. kargi
iyo, rom aqtiurad daisva
eTnikuri umciresobebis
integraciis sakiTxi.
rac Seexeba regionebs, gavixsenoT,
rom bolo 18 wlis ganmavlobaSi
zviad gamsaxurdiam
xmebis 98% miiRo qvemo qar-
Tlidan, SevardnaZem _ 106%,
xolo saakaSvilma _ 93%, axalqalaqSi
ki _ 104%. es kidev
erTxel adasturebs, rom Cven
ar gagvaCnia imis kultura,
rom arCevnebze mivideT da
Cveni xmebi davicvaT. aseve didi
problemaa erT pirovnebaze
morgebuli institutebi,
rac qveynisTvis damRupvelia.
Cven amis gamocdileba gvqonda.
am xelisuflebis yvelaze
didi danaSauli is aris, rom
man ver SeZlo im ndobis SenarCuneba,
romelic xalxs da
saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas
hqonda mis mimarT.
xelisuflebam, samwuxarod,
ver SeimuSava grZelvadiani
gegma. hqondaT TiTowliani
an eqvsTviani strategia.
omis dawyeba, sxvaTa Soris,
sazogadoebrivi SekveTac
iyo. sociologiuri jgufebis
muSaobis Sedegad gamoikveTa,
rom samxedro ritorikas, omis
mrgvali magida
propagandas didi gasavali
hqonda sazogadoebaSi. amitom
ar aris marTebuli, marto
xelisuflebas davabraloT
is, rac moxda, radgan sazogadoebis
didi nawili darwmunebuli
iyo, rom oseTi da afxazeTi
iaraRiT unda dagvebrunebina.
dakarguli teritoriebis
ZaliT dabruneba CemTvis
misaRebi ar aris, radgan
aseT SemTxvevaSi im teritoriaze
mxolod erTma eTnosma
unda icxovros, Tu meore eTnosic
darCa, misi uflebebi
yovelTvis dakninebuli iqneba.
cxinvalis macxovreblebs
saomari ritorikis dawyebamde
imis molodini hqondaT, rom
es xelisufleba, wina xelisuflebisgan
gansxvavebiT,
iseT nabijebs gadadgamda,
romlebsac am konfliqtis
mogvareba mohyveboda.
aseTive molodini hqondaT
afxazebsac.
did naklad unda CaiTvalos
agreTve araswori sakadro
politikac.
opoziciaSi arsebuli dRevandeli
saxeebis nawili ukve iyo
xelisuflebaSi. dRes qveynis
yofili meore piri gamodis da
meubneba, me am xelisufleba-
Si wlebis ganmavlobaSi nominalurad
vasrulebdi Cems movaleobaso.
es Zalian cudi ram
aris, es upasuxismgeblobaa.
dRes CemTvis kargad nacnobi
adamianebi rusTavelze dganan
da meubnebian, kidev erTxel
movalT xelisuflebaSi da amjerad
yvelafers kargad gavakeTebTo.
me minda vkiTxo maT:
xelisuflebaSi yofnis dros
(ara aqvs mniSvneloba, ramdeni
14
}'vh'mksr
xani iyavi) Tu veraferi gaakeTe,
veraferi Secvale sasikeTod,
ratom unda gendo meored?
rac Seexeba sakonstitucio
cvlilebebs, daTo usufaSvilis
garda sxvas aravis amouRia
xma, roca konstitucia
TviTneburad Seaswores. 7 noembris
movlenebis Semdeg
respublikelebisgan ufro
mets velodi, radgan maT
arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi
muSaobis mdidari gamocdileba
aqvT da (aravis Seuracxyofas
ar vayeneb!) sxveb-
Tan SedarebiT met-naklebad
inteleqtualebi arian. amitom
maT SeeZloT am xelisuflebisTvis
oponireba gaewiaT.
7 noemberi zogma Sefasa rogorc
qarTveli eris Cagvra,
zogierTi politikuri partiis
warmomadgenelma isic
ganacxada, rom specnazi eTnikurad
araqarTvelebisgan
iyo Sedgenilio, darbevas eTnikurad
araqarTvelebi axorcielebdneno
(Tumca uaresebic
gamigia!). es CemTvis Zalian
didi Seuracxyofa iyo. am
xelisuflebam Tavis Tavze
aiRo pasuxismgebloba da
aRiara Secdomebi, rasac, Cemi
azriT, adekvaturi nabijebi
mohyva _ gadadga prezidenti
da parlamenti daiSala.
arno stefniani _ Tumca am
fonze xalxs iWerdnen.
zaur xalilovi _ Tu SegiZlia,
damisaxele faqtebi, radgan
zemoT naxseneb periodSi
daWerili ramdenime adamianis
saqmiT davinteresdi da
aRmoCnda, rom isini sulac
ar dauWeriaT maTi politikuri
Sexedulebebis gamo.
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

ac Seexeba cinizms, xelisuflebis
mxridan cinizmi
moulodneli ar aris, radgan
ar xdeba adekvaturi oponireba
da qveynis yofili meore
piri dRes acxadebs, xelisuflebaSi
yofnis dros arafris
sasikeTod Secvla ar SemeZloo.
faqtia, rom arCevnebi Catarda,
Tumca problemebi iyo. ratom
ar gamovida opozicia saprezidento
an saparlamento arCevnebis
Semdeg da ar daayena Tavisi
moTxovnebi? opozicias
SeeZlo politikuri debatebi
quCidan parlamentSi gadaetana.
mitingze gamosvla, mandatis
daxeva da gancxadebebi,
parlamentSi ar SevalTo,
miuRebeli qmedebebi iyo.
ar maxsovs romelime politikosi
gamosuliyos da eTqvas,
omis ise gaSuqeba, rogorc es
xdeboda saomari moqmedebebis
pirveli sami dRis ganmavlobaSi,
Secdoma iyoo.
arno stefaniani _ opoziciam
Tqva, rom isini saerTod
ar ereodnen am procesebSi.
zaur xalilovi _ ratom unda
mivandoT Cveni bedi im adamianebs,
romlebic am procesebSi
ar iRebdnen monawileobas?
im dros saqarTveloSi
mcxovrebi eTnikuri rusebi
seriozuli safrTxis winaSe
idgnen, an me ar vicodi Cemi ojaxis
bedi rogor warimarTeboda,
Semomivardebodnen Tu
ara saxlSi. ras niSnavs am
dros ganze dgoma? rodesac
Sen gaqvs politikuri ambicia,
xar politikuri opozicia da
aseT mZime wuTebSi taimauts
iReb, garbixar saqarTvelodan
somxeTSi, azrbaijanSi an
ala beJenceva
TurqeTSi, situaciis ase Tu
ise daregulirebis Semdeg ki
Camodixar da gaiZaxi, miSam
Secdomebi dauSva, mTavrobam
da jarma veraferi gaakeTes,
devnilebs saWmeli akliaTo,
es ras niSnavs?
vitali nabievi _ rodesac bevri
saqarTvelodan garboda,
im dros Camovedi amerikidan
_ yvelanairad vcdilobdi
Cems qveyanaSi moxvedras. rac
Seexeba sazogadoebaSi arsebul
omis ritorikas, sazogadoebriv
dakveTas dakarguli
teritoriebis ZaliT dasabruneblad,
amas xels uwyobda
xelisuflebidan wamosuli
militaristuli ritorika.
Cemi azriT, xelisufalma arapopularuli
nabijebic unda gadadgas,
rom safrTxe aaridos
qveyanas. me mgoni, axla ar unda
visaubroT personebze da ama
Tu im politikuri partiis qmedebebze.
vfiqrob, Cveni sazogadoebis
umTavresi problema
mentaluri diskomfortia. Cven
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
15
solidaroba
ar gvaqvs samarTlianobis Segr-
Zneba. 7 noembris aqciebze ganviTarebul
movlenebs xelisufleba
afasebs rogorc Secdomas.
vfiqrob, es Secdomaze meti
iyo, gansakuTrebiT telekompania
`imedSi~ SeWra. sanam
yvela es saqme obieqturad ar
iqneba gamoZiebuli, sanam ar
daisjebian damkveTnic da Semsruleblebic,
manamde sazogadoebis
mxriv yovelTvis mosalodnelia
protesti. saprotesto
ganwyobas arsebuli socialuri
problemebic aZlierebs.
samwuxarod, xelisuflebis
mxridan ver vxedav
mcdelobebs, rom Secdomebis
gamosworebas apirebdnen. xom
gaxsovT givi TargamaZis gamosvla:
`Tqve naZirleboo!..~
rigiTi moqalaqe givi TargamaZes
dRes saqarTvelos
xelisuflebasTan aigivebs.
ala beJenceva _ mcire SeniSvna
maqvs arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT.
bolos Catarebuli saparlamento
arCevnebi ar yofila
falsificirebuli, is

#2(29)
kargad organizebuli iyo. mTel
qvemo qarTlze verafers vityvi,
ar vici ra xdeboda, magram
SemiZlia vTqva, rom walkasa
da dmanisSi saerTod ar
Camosula opozicia, albaT imitom,
rom Zalian uyvarT komfortuli
garemo. amis Sedegi
is iyo, rom mosaxleobam araferi
icoda opoziciuri partiebis
Sesaxeb. am fonze Temis
liderebi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobidan
iRebdnen mi-
TiTebebs rogor moqceuliyvnen,
visTvis unda miecaT xma.
am faqtebs versad gaveqceviT.
samwuxarod, Cvens opozicias
ara aqvs mizanmimarTuli, normaluri
politika, ar aqvs
strategia. xalxi dabneulia
da ambobs: opoziciaSi is
xalxia, vinc xelisuflebaSi
iyo da imas akeTebda, rasac
daavalebdnen. axla wamovidnen
xelisuflebidan da mTavrobis
gadadgomas iTxoven...
mogvwons Tu ara es, Cvens
regionebSi saakaSvils kargi
Solidarität
mrgvali magida
imiji aqvs. gaumjobesda infrastruqtura,
gzebi, garemontda
skolebi, gaizarda
maswavleblebis xelfasi da
mosaxleobas sxva arc araferi
unda. yvelas eSinia areulobis
da gaurkveveli momavlis.
imisaTvis, rom opoziciam ise-
Ti seriozuli moTxovna daayenos,
rogoric mTavrobis gadadgomaa,
mas xalxi unda uWerdes
mxars. xalxi ki dabneulia
da Znelia imis prognozireba,
arCevnebis Catarebis SemTxvevaSi
ra Sedegs miviRebT.
opoziciam dakarga ndoba,
radgan mas xalxi mxolod
garkveuli TariRebis moaxloebisas
axsendeba, sxva dros ki
opoziciis xma ar ismis.
beqa mindiaSvili _
erT mxriv, marTlac
arsebobs is safrTxe,
rom situacia umarTavi
gaxdes da saqarTvelo
90-iani wlebis dasawyisis
mdgomareobas
16
vitali nabievi
}'vh'mksr
daubrundes. es realuria,
rodesac erTmaneTTan
fizikurad ase
axlos dgas ori radikaluraddapirispirebuli
Zala. sazogadoebis
Zalian did nawils
eSinia movlenebis
Semdgomi ganviTarebis...
magram, modiT
SevcvaloT saubris rakursi.
rogor fiqrobT,
ramdenad orientirebulia
orive mxare _
xelisufleba da opoziciuri
speqtri _
tolerantobaze? mitingebze
momismenia _
ieRovelebisa da homoseqsualebis
ar aris
saqarTveloo da a.S.
keTdeba armenofobiuri
gancxadebebi, iyo
gamoxdomebi Cinelebisa
da arabebis winaaRmdeg,
gaZlierda antiamerikuliritorikac.
am mxriv xelisuflebis
zogierTi warmomadenelic
scodavs,
opoziciac, mediac da
sazogadoebac. vilaparakoT
amaze da isic
vTqvaT, rogor SeiZleba
davaRwioT Tavi
politikur kriziss?
vitali nabievi _ rac Seexeba
qsenofobiur ritorikas, Cemi
azriT, es sakiTxi sakanonmdeblo
doneze unda mogvardes.
Cven yoveldRiurad gvesmis
erTi da igive. Tu vcdebi, SemisworeT:
roca osebze saubroben,
laparakoben os separatistebze
da os banditebze.
igive exeba afxazebsa da rusebs.
amiT eTnosis kriminalur
damnaSaveebTan gaigiveba xdeba.
es aris sazogado ritori-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

ka, rac, samwuxarod, damkvidrda.
rogor unda eSvelos amas,
ar vici. minda Temas gadavuxvio
da sazogadoebrivi mauwyebelis
Sesaxeb vTqva: saqar-
Tvelo patara qveyanaa, rodesac
dedaqalaqSi gamodis 150
aTasi Tu 60 aTasi adamiani, am
procesebis gaSuqeba albaT
sxvagvarad unda moxdes, unda
iyos pirdapiri CarTvebi,
risTvisac droc saTanadod
unda SeirCes. opozicionerebi
amboben, rom sazogadoebriv
mauwyebelze xelisuflebis
zewola xdeba. roca televizia
xalxs informacias ar
awvdis, maSin is xelisuflebas
Zalian cud samsaxurs
uwevs, radgan Tuki dainteresebulma
adamianma televiziidan
ver miiRo informacia,
wava da aqcias SeuerTdeba.
minda daafiqsiroT: weliwad-
Si qurTuli diaspora mxolod
erT did RonisZiebas atarebs
_ 20 marts axali wlis dadgomas
aRvniSnavT. mivwereT oficialuri
werili levan yubaneiSvilis,
`italiur ezos~. gvewvivnen
xelisuflebisa da sazogadoebis
warmomadgenlebi,
magram, samwuxarod, arcerTi
televizia ar movida, Tumca
me mxolod sazogadoebriv mauwyebelTan
maqvs pretenzia,
radgan msgavsi RonisZiebebis
gaSuqeba misi movaleobaa.
arno stefaniani _ samwuxarod,
rodesac Cven erT mxareze vsaubrobT,
am dros meore mxare
gvaviwydeba. agresiuli nacionalizmi
axasiaTebda vardebis
revoluciasac. es aris
erT-erTi xerxi, Tavi moawono
masas. saakaSvilma azerbaijanelebis
mimarTac gaakeTa
vardebis revoluciamde Se-
uracxmyofeli gancxadeba.
Tumca xelisuflebaSi mosvlis
Semdeg man es pozicia Secvala.
me ar gamovricxav, rom, Tu
opozicia mova xelisufleba-
Si, SeiZleba manac Secvalos
axlandeli nacionalisturi
lozungebi, radgan sxvagvarad
xelisuflebaSi damkvidrebis
Sansi ar eqneba. Tu ase
ar moiqcevian, igive mouvaT,
rac zviad gamsaxurdias
daemarTa, da, rac kidev ufro
uaresia, SeiZleba damatebiT
daikargos teritoriebi.
me erT-erTi pirdapiri eTeris
dros msmenelma damisva
kiTxva _ Tqven stumrebi xarT
da rodis waxvalT aqedano?
afxazebs da osebs vuTxariT,
wadiTo da wavidnen. axla vis
veubnebiT amas? iqneb davakonkretoT,
rom xalxma gaigos
rogor da sad wavidnen,
forma mivceT yvelafers.
erTad yofna Tu aRar gvinda,
modiT, vifiqroT rogor movaxerxoT
cal-calke cxovreba.
yovelive amaSi didi wili
udevT politikur Zalebs.
isini am TemiT TamaSoben, ra-
Ta xelisuflebaSi movidnen.
sazogadoebasa da xelisuflebas
Soris am sakiTxze Tanxmoba
sufevs. me vici, rom xelisuflebis
bevr mxardam-
Wers aRar unda revoluciebi.
axla opoziciamac unda gaigos,
rom aRar aris revoluciebis,
agresiuli nacionalizmis
dro. revolucia dabla
scems ekonomikuri ganvi-
Tarebis temps, radgan arastabilur
qveyanaSi aravin
Cadebs investicias, investorebis
ndobis mopovebas didi
dro sWirdeba. Tundac axlandeli
politikuri krizisis
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
17
solidaroba
gamoc investori CvenTan aRar
Semova da kapitals politikurad
ufro stabilur qveyanaSi
daabandebs. minda vTqva,
rom ara mxolod revolucia
ar moitans sikeTes, aramed
arCevnebis gayalbebac ar SeiZleba,
radgan arCvenebis gayalbeba
revoluciis tolfasia.
zaur xalilovi _ sazogadoebaSi
SemorCenilia 90-iani
wlebis ritorika da es Ziri-
Tadad politikuri liderebidan
modis, romlebic dRes
xalxis saxeliT laparakoben.
sabednierod (es Cemi piradi
dakvirvebis Sedegia), xalxSi
es muxti bevrad naklebia,
vidre zogierTi politikuri
partiis warmomadgeneli isurvebda.
faqtia, rom es Zalian
saSiSi TamaSia, iseve rogorc
religiuri aqcentebis gake-
Teba. es Tematika bevrisTvis
SeiZleba misaRebia, magram,
Cemi azriT, saqarTvelosnairi
qveynisTvis aseTi aqcentebis
gakeTeba damRupvelia.
es uamravjer damtkicda bolo
Tvrameti wlis ganmavlobaSi.
am Temaze dawyebuli saubari
nebismieri xelisuflebisTvis
sabediswero gaxdeba.
adre Tu gvian yvela socialuri
jgufi mixvdeba, rom, Tu
dRes konkretulad ama Tu im
eTnikur jgufzea saubari
(vgulisxmob, bolo ori wlis
ganmavlobaSi warmoebul antisomxur
isterias), xval igive
problemebi masac Seeqmneba.
aseTi sakiTxebis win wamoweva
Cveni qveynisTvis ukan gadadgmuli
nabijia. vardebis revolucia,
iseve rogorc
manamde zviad gamsaxurdias
xelisuflebaSi mosvla, maSindeli
sazogadoebisTvis misa-

#2(29)
Rebi iyo, magram dRes nebismieri
politikosi, romelic
religiur da eTnikur Temebze
negatiur planSi daiwyebs
laparaks, sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxismgeblobaSi unda mieces.
samwuxarod, saakaSvils dResac
ayvedrian, rom is araqar-
Tvelebis prezidentia, radgan
man borCalodan miRebuli
xmebiT gaimarjva.
Cemi azriT, sazogadoebasac
ekisreba pasuxismgebloba
imis gamo, rom viRac-viRaceebi
amboben, miSa somxebisa da
TaTrebis prezidentiao. gayalbda
Tu ara arCevnebi, amas
ufro naklebi mniSvneloba
aqvs, vidre imas, rom eTnikuri
niSniT gamoarCev regionebs.
religiuri da eTnikuri sakiTxebi
Zalian mtkivneuli Temaa.
Jurnalistma 99,9% simarTle
rom Tqvas da erT meaTedSi
religiuri an eTnikuri niSniT
raime Seuracxyofa miayenos
vinmes, CaTvaleT, rom man
yvelaferi arasworad gaakeTa.
Solidarität
mrgvali magida
arnold stefaniani
adamianebi, romlebic am Temas
politikuri dividendebis mosapoveblad
iyeneben, xelisuflebaSi
mosvlis Semdeg am mimarTulebiT
konkretul nabijebsac
gadadgamen, rac Zalian
saxifaTo da CemTvis miuRebelia.
dRes Cven gvaqvs SesaZlebloba,
mTel msoflios da, pirvel
yovlisa, sakuTar Tavs
davanaxoT, rom SegviZlia procesebis
sworad, demokratiulad
warmarTva. opoziciam
da xelisuflebam erTad unda
Camoayalibos xedva, Tu rogor
imuSavebs ukeTesad esa
Tu is instituti, rac saboloo
jamSi qveyanas fexze daayenebs.
ala beJenceva _ xelisuflebis
mxridan yovelTvis keTdeboda
nacionalisturi gancxadebebi.
CemTvis Zalian mZimea
imis cqera, Tu rogor warmoebs
antirusuli propaganda
xelisuflebis maRal eSelonebSi.
sazogadoeba ase ar fiq-
18
}'vh'mksr
robs. jer kidev omis dros,
samarSuto taqsSi Sematyves,
rom rusi viyavi da mTxoves
rusulad melaparaka. es faqti
adasturebs, rom xalxi sxvagvarad
fiqrobs.
samwuxarod, TviTon ruseTSi
aris Cven mimarT araadekvaturi
damokidebuleba _ Cven, saqarTveloSi
mcxovreb eTnikur
rusebs, rusebi ar gviReben.
kidev erT sakiTxze minda yuradReba
gavamaxvilo da vTxovo
saxalxo damcvels amaze
monitoringi daawesos. saqme
is gaxlavT, rom ekonomikuri
krizisis gamo axla xSiria
Semcirebebi da, samwuxarod,
SemcirebebSi yvelaze xSirad
eTnikur umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebi
xvdebian. xSirad
mommarTaven amiT Sewuxebuli
adamianebi da Semom-
Civian: rodesac daTxovnis
mizezis dasaxelebas vTxoulobT,
gveubnebian, Tqveni
profesionaluri done aradamakmayofilebelia
da amitom
giSvebT samsaxuridano.
arada, wlobiT muSaobdnen im
adgilze da axla SeamCnies
maTi araprofesionalizmi?!
rac Seexeba am mdgomareobidan
gamosavals, me, simarTle
giTxraT, dabneuli var, Zalian
daviRale revoluciebiT,
sxvadasxva gaugebari svlebiT,
gaugebari gamoTqmebiT,
me, adamiani, romelsac ase Tu
ise raRac mesmis, dabneuli
var. rogor gamovideT am
mdgomareobidan? Tu iqnebian
namdvili liderebi, Tu iqneba
normaluri politika, maSin
SeiZleba rame sasikeTod Seicvalos,
Tumca aqamde jer ver
mivediT.
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

politikuri eqsplikaciebi
NOWHERELAND
zaal andronikaSvili
I.
interviuSi ani epelbuanTan
(„filosofiis adgili sab-
WoTa sistemaSi~) merab mamardaSvili
ambobda, oqtombris
revolucia da misi Semdgomi
movlenebi sabWoTa kavSiris
qveynebisaTvis droidan, istoriidan
da cxovrebidan
gasvlas niSnavdao, „amJamindeli
problema~ ki is aris,
„cxovrebas daubrundeo~.
cxovrebidan da droidan amovardna,
razedac mamardaSvili
saubrobda, misi azriT,
utopiaSi, sabWoTa proeqtSi
CaTreviT iyo gamowveuli da
paraleluri samyaros Seqmnas
niSnavda, romelic „sarkis
miRma~, „miRma samyaro~, „sikvdilis
samyaro~ iyo. mamardaSvilisTvis
istoriidan da
droidan amovardna pirvel
yovlisa socialuri da politikuri
ki ara, aramed metafizikuri
problemaa _ adamiani,
romelmac totalitarul saxelmwifoSi
cxovrebis, ufro
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
19
solidaroba
sworad ki, cxovrebis arqonis
gamocdileba miiRo, Tavidan
unda iSvas, man „xelmeored
unda iswavlos cxovreba~. `es
dabadeba ki imyofeba im velSi,
romelSic SesaZlo adamiani
simbolos uerTdeba da am
SeerTebis daZabulobisagan,
anu Tavis Tavze Zalisxmevis
Sedegad, adamianSi adamiani
ibadeba~. iyo cocxali, mamardaSvilis
ganmartebiT, niSnavs
sakuTari cxovrebis
yvela gamovlinebaSi, imaSi,
rasac ambob, fiqrob an akeTeb,
SeinarCuno erTgvari fundamenturi
kavSiri Sens TavTan.
es metafizikuri aqti aris
safuZveli imisa, rom arsebobdes
normaluri socialuri
kavSirebi da Seiqmnas
politikuri sivrce.
am interviudan 20 wlis Semdeg
problemis arsi ar Secvlila.
saqarTvelom jer ver
moaxerxa dabruneboda cxovrebas,
Tumca moaxerxa dab

#2(29)
runeboda istorias, globalur
procesSi CarTulobis
TvalsazrisiT. ai es mdgomareoba,
rodesac saqarTvelo
formalurad Tanamedrove
istoriis nawilia, xolo „Sinaarsobrivad~
_ ara, tranzituli
mdgomareobaa. sabWoTa
saqarTvelo utopiuri proeqtis
nawils warmoadgenda. am
utoposis lokalizacia mainc
SesaZlebeli iyo. mas gaaCnda
sivrce da dro, romlis aRwera
xerxdeboda Tundac im uaryofiTi
kategoriebiT, romliTac
mas mamardaSvili aRwers
_ oRond, cxadia, geografiul
kategoriebs ar vgulisxmob.
saqarTvelo am sivrcidan gamovida,
oRond Tavisi „adgili~
jer ver ipova. ai am mdgomareobas
_ geopolitikur,
ekonomikur da droiT salxinebels
_ sociologebisa da
politologebis enaze tranzituloba
ewodeba. tranzitulobis
sociologiur an
politologiur ganmartebas
Tavi rom davaneboT, tranzituloba
drosa da sivrceSi
lokalizaciis, adgilmdebareobis
dadgenis SeuZleblobas
Tu ara, ukidures sirTules
gulisxmobs. sivrce da
dro marto geografiuli
koordinatebiT da kalendariT
ar ganisazRvreba. Cemi
mokrZalebuli mosazreba ki
is gaxlavT, rom saqarTvelo,
rogorc tranzituli anu gardamavali
qveyana arc aranair
drosa da sivrceSi ar imyofeba.
tranzituli adgili arsad
aris _ atopiuria. Sesabamisad,
arc tranzitis dro aris
gansazRvruli _ is aqroniaa.
wesrigi, romelic aq unda
sufevdes, aseve ganusazRvrelia,
amrigad, atopiaSi,
aqroniaSi da anomiaSi vcxov-
Solidarität
politikuri eqsplikaciebi
robT. es uadgiloba, udrooba
da anomiuroba iseTi bunebisaa,
rom Tavis TavSi bevr
sxvadasxva (magram ara usasrulod
bevr) sivrces, drosa
da wesrigs moicavs. saqme isaa,
sad, ra droSi, ra sivrceSi da
ra wesrigSi amovyofT Tavs.
saqarTvelos lokalizacia
drois sivrceSi pirdapir iqneba
dakavSirebuli mis sivrcul
lokalizaciasTan. maga-
20
}'vh'mksr
liTad: saqarTvelom ki gaake-
Ta arCevani evrokavSirisa da
natos sasargeblod, magram
evrokavSirsa da natos saqar-
Tvelos sasargeblod arCevani
ar gaukeTebiaT, Cven ar varT
dRes im wesrigis nawili, romlis
arsebobis garantiasac
evrokavSiri an nato iZleva,
magram Cveni arCevani evrokav-
Sirisa da natos sasargeblod,
rogorc nebismieri sxva arCevani,
Cveni transformaciis,
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

gnebavT, modernizaciis garkveul
mimarTulebas gulisxmobs,
iseve rogorc garkveul
konstitucias _ ZiriTad
kanons, romelic Cveni cxovrebisa
da erTmaneTTan da gare
samyarosTan urTierTobis
safuZveli gaxdeba. („konstitucia~
am SemTxvevaSi mxolod
samarTlebrivi mniSvnelobis
dokumentad ki ar unda
gavigoT, aramed dawerili
da dauwereli kanonebis
erTobliobadac). Cven unda
gadavwyvitoT, aris Tu ara es
kanoni Cveni, imaze damyarebuli,
rasac Cvens faseulobebs
veZaxiT, SegviZlia da gvinda
Tu ara am kanoniT cxovreba?
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
II.
„gameoreba codnis dedaa~ _
sabWoTa skolis erT-erTi
maqsima iyo. ganaTlebis sistemaSi,
romelic mza codnis
21
solidaroba
dazepirebaze iyo orientirebuli
da ara azrovnebis
waxalisebaze, gameoreba
mniSvnelovani pedagogiuri
instrumenti gaxldaT. sab-
WoTa sistemaSi gazrdilebi
rom varT, albaT amitom gviyvars
erTi da imave Secdomebis
gameoreba, kargad rom
gagvijdes Zvalsa da rbilSi.
codnis ar iyos, sabWoTa mecnierebasa
da ganaTlebas kulturazec
statikuri Sexeduleba
hqonda. istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebSi
„kultura~ ama
Tu im Tavis bolos iyo moqceuli
da mogviTxrobda, rom
ama da am saukuneSi aSenda esa
Tu is eklesia, daiwera esa Tu
is wigni da daixata esa Tu is
naxati. kultura an samuzeumo
eqsponati iyo, an rezervacia,
romelTanac Cveulebriv
moqalaqes pirdapiri Sexeba
ar hqonia. aqedan gamomdinare,
vinmem Tavisuflad
SeiZleba unitazi Caurecxavi
datovos da amave dros Tavi
rusTavelis memkvidred miiCnios.
sabWoTa kavSirSi kultura
Tu samuzeumo eqsponati iyo,
kanoni „ucxo~ iyo. heteronomiulad,
sxvis mier dawesebuli
kanoniT vcxovrobdiT. amitomac
kanoni SeiZleba daar-
Rvio, vinaidan is Seni ar aris.
sabWoTa kavSiris dangrevis
Semdegac gadmogvyva kanonisadmi
aseTi damokidebuleba.
jer ver mivxvdiT, rom kanoni,
ginda dawerili, ginda dauwerili,
Cven TviTon unda
gamovimuSaoT, Cven TviTon
unda SevTanxmdeT masze, vaRiaroT,
rom es kanoni Cvenia,
rom es aris Cveni cxovrebis
wesi, rom Cvenve unda mivceT

#2(29)
Cvens Tavs kanoni, anu avtonomiurebi
gavxdeT.
sinamdvileSi ki kultura ufro
wesrigia, kanoni, romlis meSveobiTac
sazogadoeba Tavisi
Tavis organizebas axerxebs.
politika, literatura, arqiteqtura
am „organizaciis~,
Sinagani kanonis gamoxatulebaa.
rodesac ar aris Sinagani
kanoni, rodesac am kanonis
adgili carielia, rodesac
sazogadoebis damakavSirebeli
Zafebi dawyvetilia, am sicarielis
xelovnurad Sevsebas
vcdilobT. „gardamavali periodi~
swored is droa, rodesac
Zveli „kanoni~ mkvdaria,
axali ki jer kidev ar arsebobs.
samagierod arsebobs Zveli,
mkvdari formebis inercia.
am Zvel formebTan dabruneba
SeiZleba martiv gamosavlad
mogveCvenos, magram am simartivem
ar unda mogvatyuos.
modiT, vnaxoT rogori damokidebuleba
aqvs warsulTan
da momavalTan Tanamedrove
qarTul kulturas: amis magaliTad
ki Tanamedrove arqiteqturis
or nimuSs, wminda
samebis taZars da avlabris
Sadrevans gadavavloT Tvali.
erTi SexedviT am or arqiteqturul
nagebobas erTmaneT-
Tan saerTo araferi aqvs _
drosTan damokidebulebis
garda. avlabris Sadrevani
puSkinis skveris Sadrevnis
orjer gazrdili aslia, samebis
taZari ki klasikuri
periodis qarTuli arqiteqturis
aseve gazrdili versiaa.
rogorc Tavad arqiteqtori
ambobs, „gavaanalizeT
TiTqmis yvela didi qarTuli
taZari: oSki, bana, bagrati,
xaxuli, sveticxoveli, gela-
Solidarität
politikuri eqsplikaciebi
Ti da maT sinTezze gavakeTe
Cemi proeqti~ (stili daculia).
arqiteqtors Tavisi argumentic
aqvs: `marTlmadidebloba
orTodoqsaluri
religiaa da igi Tavis TavSi
pirvels, tradiciuls atarebs...
bevrad iolia absoluturad
axals miagno da Seqmna,
vidre Zvelsa da tradiciulze
aago axali. rogor SeiZleba
pop musikiT gadmosce
sagalobeli, igi verasdros
iqneba galobis niSnis matarebeli~
(stili aqac daculia).
Tuki marTlmadidebloba
`orTodoqsaluri religiaa~
da `Tavis TavSi pirvels da
tradiciuls atarebs~, maSin
ratom airCia avtorma modelad,
vTqvaT, bana da sveticxoveli
da ara anCisxati an
bolnisis sioni? am logikiT
es Zeglebi xom ufro axlos
unda mdgariyo `pirvelTan~
da `tradiciulTan~? pasuxi
martivia: misTvis, iseve rogorc
misi damkveTisaTvis,
dro qarTuli klasikuri arqiteqturis
aRmavlobis xanas-
Tan erTad gaCerda, romelic
amavdroulad politikuri
aRmavlobis xanac iyo. orive
SemTxveva warmoaCens Cvens
damokidebulebas warsulTan
da momavalTan: idealuri
forma warsulSia darCenili,
axlis saZebnelad arc survili
arc inteleqtualuri
resursi ar arsebobs, momavali
ki gadidebuli warsulia.
aqedan gamomdinare, momavali
CvenTvis aris warsuli formebis
uSinaarsod, refleqsiis
gareSe gadmoReba.
III.
erT qarTul anekdotSi mTis
soflis macxovreblebi axal
22
}'vh'mksr
mersedess moigeben. mTian sofelSi
mersedess verc sadme
gaatareben, verc sadme gaa-
Cereben, amitom mWedels sqel
jaWvs SeukveTaven da manqanas
qarafSi gadahkideben. ramdenime
xnis Semdeg jaWvi gawydeba.
ra vqnaTo? _ ikiTxaven
manqanis gabrazebuli patronebi.
ra unda vqnaT da mWedeli
movklaTo, ityvis erT-er-
Ti. ar gamovao, ityvis meore.
ratomo? erTia mTaSio. cota
xnis Semdeg erT-erTi Tofs
aiRebs da wasvlas daapirebs.
sad midixaro _ hkiTxaven.
dalaqi unda movklao. dalaqi
ratomo? _ oria mTaSio. qarTuli
politikuri azrovneba am
anekdots hgavs. raRac xdeba,
rac adekvatur reagirebas
moiTxovs. problemis gadawyvetis
nacvlad ki politikosebi
nebismier moqmedebas
gvTavazoben (nebismiers ara
voluntaristulis, aramed
arbitraluris gagebiT). am
problemis mizezi, Cemi azriT,
politikuri sivrcis `struqturaa~.
ufro sworad, is, rom
struqtura, romelsac saqar-
TveloSi politikur sivrces
aqvs, politikur `kanons~,
nomoss, ar eqvemdebareba.
warsuli formebis gauazreblad
gadmoReba qarTuli politikuri
kulturisTvisac
gaxlavT damaxasiaTebeli. demokratiul
qveyanaSi politikuri
sivrce sxvanairi struqturis
matarebelia, vidre avtoritarul
qveyanaSi. sabWoTa
kavSirSi es sivrce daxuruli
iyo. politikuri gadawyvetilebis
miRebis procesSi mosaxleobas
aranairi wvlili ar
miuZRoda. sabWoTa saqarTveloSi
ramdenime sivrce arsebobda,
sadac Tavisufali az-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

is gamoTqma iyo SesaZlebeli
da romlebmac politikuri sivrce
Caanacvles. guram doCanaSvili
moTxrobaSi `kaci, romelsac
literatura Zlier uyvarda~
wers, rom Tavisuflebis
aseTi `oazisebi~ sufra da
literatura iyo. sufra da literatura
iyo is `sivrce~, romlis
struqtura ar yofila
gansazRvruli sabWoTa nomosis
mier da sakuTar nomoss,
sakuTar kanons emorCileboda,
rac sabWoTa azrovnebisagan
gansxvavebuli azris aramarto
gamoTqmis saSualebas
iZleoda, aramed am gansxvavebuli
azris warmoSobis winapirobac
ki gaxldaT. sufris
nomosze sityvas didad ar gavagrZeleb,
es calke saubris
Temaa, magram imas mainc vityvi,
rom sufruli Tavisufleba
sabWoTa periodSi ar yofila
Tavisufleba raRacisTvis, es
iyo Tavisufleba raRacisgan.
sakuTari tyveobis daviwyebis
saSualeba da sakuTari Tavis
inscenirebis saSualeba. sabWo-
Ta tyveobaSi moxvedrili qar-
Tvelebi sakuTari warsulisa
da sakuTari Tavis idealuri
xatis inscenirebas axdendnen.
sufruli Tavisuflebis siu-
Jeti mokled SeiZleba aRvweroT
rogorc `me kargi var~
an, ufro agresiuli formiT,
`rac kargebi varT, qarTvelebi
varT~. aqedan gamomdinare,
sufra politikuri azris
gamoTqmis sivrcidan (rogorc
es, mag., Wabua amirejibis `daTa
TuTaSxiaSia~ aRwerili) afeqturi
aRmafrenis mwvervalze
sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb idealuri
warmodgenis inscenirebis
sivrced gadaiqca.
kidev erTi aseTi `Tavisufali~
sivrce paradoqsulad
cixe iyo. Wabua amirejibis
romanSi `daTa TuTaSxia~ aRwerilia
Tbilisis cixis bunti,
romelic represiuli imperiis
SigniT demokratiis
oazisad iqceva. nodar dumbaZe
`TeTr bairaRebSi~ cixes
sazogadoebis modelad warmoadgens,
romelic ufro
`namdvili~ da `Tavisufalia~,
vidre cixis gareTa samyaro.
avtoritarul saxelmwifoSi
sivrculi inversia xdeba: ara-
Tavisufali sivrce Tavisuflebis
oazisad iqceva, `Tavisufali~
sivrce ki tyveobad
(genealogiurad qarTul inteleqtualur
sivrceSi am
siuJetis `fuZemdebeli~ puSkinis
`kavkasiis tyve~ gaxlavT).
avtoritaruli, represiuli
saxelmwifos msxverpli,
misi tyve ki a priori _ ganur-
Cevlad politikuri Tu sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnisa,
maRali zneobis adamianad
mogvevlineba. Wabua amirejibis
`daTa TuTaSxia~ swored
imis magaliTia, rom abragsa da
politikur mebrZols Soris
zRvari iSleba _ saxelmwifos-
Tan dapirispirebuli daTa
TuTaSxia sikeTis matarebelia,
misi biZaSvili imperiis
msaxuri muSni zarandia ki _
bortebisa. sabWoTa kavSirSi
qurdebis samyaros romantizacias
swored amgvari azrovneba
kvebavda: sistemasTan dapirispirebuli
qurdi ufro
`alalia~, vidre sistemis nebismieri
msaxuri. swored
sabWourma sistemam Sva iseTi
garemo, iseTi sivrce, sadac
zneobriobisaTvis zneobrivi
aqti, raime Zalisxmeva ki ar
iyo saWiro, aramed reJimisagan
devniloba xdeboda sakmarisi.
isev guram doCanaSvilis
`kaci, romelsac litera-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
23
solidaroba
tura Zlier uyvarda~ rom gavixsenoT,
cixis motivs iqac
mivagnebT. `karceri-luqsi~,
romelic keTilmowyobil samkiTxvelos
gvagonebs, `cota
karcericaa~ _ araTavisufali
sivrcea, romelmac Semdeg
mkiTxveli, inteligenti, `romelime
klimi~ unda Svas. sab-
WoTa inteligenti araTavisufali
sivrcis produqtia.
paradoqsulad, mas mxolod
araTavisufal sivrceSi SeuZlia
iyos Tavisufali. ara-
Tavisufali sivrce xdeba Tavisufali,
gansxvavebuli azris
gamoTqmis adgili da qmnis am
azris gamoTqmis winapirobasac.
sabWoTa xelovnebisaTvis
amgvari araTavisufleba arsebobis
modusi iyo. bevri mwerali,
Teatris an kinos reJisori
SegviZlia gavixsenoT, romelic
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis
Semdeg SemoqmedebiTi krizisis
msxverpli gaxda, anu ver
SeZlo gaTavisuflebul sivrceSi
azris gamoTqma. am
azris gamosaTqmelad sabWo-
Ta xelovans, sabWoTa inteligents
araTavisufali
sivrce esaWiroeboda.
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlamde
cota xniT adre politikuri
azris gamoTqmis sivrced quCa
gadaiqca, am azris gamoxatvis
formad ki mitingi mogvevlina.
oRond am pirobebSi azris
gamoTqmas Tavisi problemac
sdevda Tan: quCa ar aris is
sivrce, sadac politikuri
azris generireba SeiZleba
moxdes, rac, Sesabamisad,
politikuri azris gamoxatvis
saSualebebzec axdens
gavlenas. aqedan gamomdinare,
politikuri sivrcis adgils
saqarTveloSi Teatralizebuli
sivrce anacvlebs, sivr-

#2(29)
ce, sadac pirvel adgilze
emociis gamoxatva dgas da
ara azris gamotana an gadawyvetilebis
miReba. oTxmociani
wlebis bolodan politikur
artikulacas gansazRvravda
afeqti, romelic periodulad
isteriaSi gadadioda.
quCis am Teatralizebul sivrceSi
erTi da igive siuJeti
_ sikeTis borotebasTan brZolis
siuJeti TamaSdeba. personaJebi
ki icvlebian, magram
siuJeti rCeba _ brZola raime
problemis gadasaWrelad
ki ar mimdinareobs, aramed
Solidarität
politikuri eqsplikaciebi
sakuTari Tavis sikeTis gansaxierebad,
xolo mowinaaRmdegis
jojoxeTis mociqulad
inscenirebisaTvis (xelisuflebis
mxardamWerTa da mis
mowinaaRmdegeTa mitingebs
erTi sturqtura aqvs).
am mxriv sufras, cixes da mitings
sabWoTa realobidan
gadmoyolili saerTo siuJeti
aqvs, romelic dRevandeli
politikuri sivrcis struqturirebas
axdens. misi Sinaarsi
politikuri gadawyvetilebebis
miReba an miznebis miR-
24
}'vh'mksr
weva ki ar aris, aramed afeqtur
talRaze sakuTari Tavis
idealurad warmodgenis inscenireba.
Sesabamosad, misi
`kanoni~ politikuri ar aris
_ Teatralizebulia da garkveuli
siuJetis arsebobas
gulisxmobs. imisaTvis, rom
Tavisufali azri gamoiTqvas,
saWiroa politikuri sivrcis
imgvarad struqturireba,
rom es sivrce jer araTavisufali
gaxdes, raTa masSi
Tavisufali azri iSvas da am
azris gamomTqmels zneobrivi
avtoriteti SesZinos. (amis
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

damadasturebelia politikuri
klipi `Rirseuli xar~,
romelSic paradoqsulad politikuri
azri ki ar gamoiTqmeba,
aramed aqcenti konkretuli
politikuri poziciis
da ara azris zneobriobaze
keTdeba). imisaTvis, rom Seni
Tavi Rirseulad warmoidgino,
siuJetis logika oponentis
sisxlismsmelad da jala-
Tad warmodgenas moiTxovs.
(amave logikiT xelmZRvanelobdnen
2008 wlis 12 agvistos
mitingis monawileebi).
amgvar Teatralizebas ki Zalauneburad
_ siuJetis logikidan
gamomdinare _ aqcenti
konkretuli politikuri
problemidan inscenirebul
problemaze gadaaqvs. ukve
oci welia, rac qarTuli
politika erTsa da imave Secdomas
imeorebs. dRevandel
qarTul politikaSi politikuri
sivrcis struqturireba
isev Zveli saazrovno formebiT
xdeba. 2009 wlis gamosvlebma
sami sivrce _ quCa, cixe
da sufra _ daukavSira erTmaneTs,
sikeTis borotebasTan
brZolis siuJeti ki igive datova.
am sivrceTa damakav-
Sirebeli figura `ucnobi~ da
misi sakani #5 gaxda.
dRevandeli saqarTvelos politikuri
sivrce met gasaqans
iZleva, vidre sabWoTa
kavSiris politikuri sivrce
iZleoda. amitom am sivrcis
Zveli modelebiT struqturireba
saboloo jamSi kontrproduqtiulia,
vinaidan ganaxlebis
saSualebas ki ar
mogvcems, aramed erTisa da
imaves usasrulod gameorebis
winapiroba iqneba. xelisuflebis
kritikas, garda legitimurobis,
saWiroebisa da
samarTlianobisa, Sesabamisi
politikuri enac sWirdeba,
romelic sufris, cixisa da
mitingis ena ar iqneba. (xelisuflebis
ena, rogorc ukve
vTqvi, opoziciis enisagan am
TvalsazrisiT ar gansxvavdeba
_ is ena, romelzedac xelisufleba
qveynis SigniT laparakobs,
gansxvavdeba qveynis
gareT salaparako enisagan _
qarTuls da inglisurs ar
vgulisxmob. qveynis SigniT ki
xelisufleba da opozicia
erTsa da imave enaze laparakoben).
iseve, rogorc yvela
sxva enas, am enasac swavla
sWirdeba. rac ar unda swori
iyos azri, romlis gamoTqmac
gvinda, es azri ar SeiZleba
iyos marTali, adekvaturi
Sesabamis enaze misi artikulirebis
gareSe. sanam am enaze
laparaks ar viswavliT, manamde
is sivrce, romelic politikuri
unda iyos, politikuri
ver gaxdeba. 80-iani wlebis
bolodan arasworad dafuZnebuli
politikuri sivrce
dRemde ver `Sedga~. is Teatralizebuli
sivrce ki, romelic
saqarTveloSi politikur
sivrces anacvlebs, politikur
problemebze adekvaturi
reagirebis saSualebas
verc iZleva da arc SeiZleba,
rom mogvces.
es ori, gansxvavebuli sferodan
motanili magaliTi, Cemi
azriT, imis maCvenebelia, rom
Cven damoukideblobidan 20
wlis Semdegac ver vipoveT
adekvaturi formebi `axali
saqarTvelos~ gamosaxatavad
(sasixarulo gamonaklisebs
isev literaturaSi Tu
vipoviT). Zveli formebi yovelTvis
warsulSi dagvabrunebs,
axali formebis gareSe
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
25
solidaroba
ki, mamardaSvilis Tqmisa ar
iyos, ver movaxerxebT `cxovrebis
xelaxla swavlas”. am
axali cxovrebis, axali kanonis,
axali gamoxatvis gareSe
saqarTvelo tranzitul
atopiaSi darCeba, Seumdgari
saxelmwifo iqneba rogorc
politikuri, ise metafizikuri
gagebiT.

#2(29)
Solidarität
politikuri eqsplikaciebi
9aprilidan
aprilamde
2009 wlis 8 aprils biolis fondSi gamarTuli
diskusiis Tema im ganvlili gzis Sefaseba iyo,
romelic Cvenma sazogadoebam 1989 wlis
9 aprilidan 2009 wlis 9 aprilamde gaiara. gTavazobT
diskusiis stumrebis ivliane xaindravas, naira
gelaSvilisa da emzar jgerenaias moxsenebebs.
`1989-2009: sazogadoebis da saxelmwifos
transformacia - erovnuli moZraobidan
samoqalaqo protestamde~
dRevandeli diskusiis organizatorTa
mier aTvlis wertilad
SemoTavazebulia 1989
wlis 9 aprili; amitom ar visaubreb,
Tu ra xdeboda Cvens
qveyanaSi manamde, Tumca bevri
saintereso ram xdeboda da
bunebrivia, esec calke gansjis
da analizis Temaa. rac Seexeba
9 aprilis Rames, man gansxvavebuli
gancdebi gamoiwvia
qarTul sazogadoebaSi.
zogi am movlenas erTmniSvnelovnad
dadebiTad afasebs im
TvalsazrisiT, rom es iyo
erovnuli erTianobis, konsolidaciis,
Tavganwirvis
26
}'vh'mksr
dRe da man saqarTvelos gauxsna
gza damoukideblobisken.
me amgvari erTmniSvnelovani
damokidebuleba am TariRis
mimarT ar maqvs; is Zalian
winaaRmdegobrivia da garda
imisa, rom samwuxarod, adamianuri
msxverpli moitana, Cemi
azriT, sxva mxrivac uaryofi-
Ti daRi daasva movlenaTa Semdgom
ganviTarebas qveyanaSi.
amboben, rom am dRes xalxma
gaiRviZa, Tumca, gamoRviZebul-
Ta Soris bevri iseTic aRmoCnda,
visac jobda, saerTod ar
gaRviZeboda. 9 aprilis Sedegad
saqarTvelo moicva lamis
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü
ivliane xaindrava

sayovelTao isteriam da radikalizmma.
minimum erTi wlis
ganmavlobaSi, SeiZleba met
xansac, eri daicikla imis
moTxovnaze, rom kremls sakuTari
Tavi daesaja 9 aprilis
namoqmedarisTvis. am dros,
vTqvaT, igive baltielebi bevrad
ufro seriozuli, realisturi
da Sedegis momtani
saqmeebiT iyvnen dakavebulni.
Seqmnil radikalur-isteriul
fonze gamsaxurdias gaxelisufleba
ara mxolod samwuxaro,
aramed kanonzomieri faqtic
gaxda. samwuxaros imitom
vambob, rom gamsaxurdia xelisuflebaSi
movida nacionalisturi,
ufro zustad _ eTnonacionalisturi
proeqtiT da,
amdenad, saqarTvelo momavlisken
ki ara, warsulisken
aRmoCnda mimarTuli. sazogadoebrivi
diskusiis centrSi
moeqca kiTxva `jer damoukidebloba
Tu jer demokratia?~.
Riad Tu ara, gulis siRrmeSi
umravlesobis pasuxi iyo: `ra
Tqma unda, jer damoukidebloba~.
TiTqos erTi meores ki
ar avsebdes, aramed gamoricxavdes.
cneba da gansazRvreba
`liberali~ faqtobrivad salanZRavi
gaxda, Tumca swored
liberalebi iyvnen da arian
nebismieri juris, maT Soris
_ sabWoTa totalitarizmis _
yvelaze Seurigebeli alternativa.
maSin erovnuli moZraobis
sxvadasxva segmentSi gaCnda
dRevandeli gadasaxedidan
komikuri (zogisTvis ki ukve
maSinac komikuri lozungebi):
`Zirs saqarTvelos fineTizacia~,
`Zirs litvis gza~ da sxv.
sad arian dRes litva da fine-
Ti (amas mainc raRas erCodnen?)
da sad aris saqarTvelo,
yvelasTvis gasagebia.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom damoukideblobis
aRdgenis periodSi
qarTuli sazogadoebis udidesma
nawilma gamoamJRavna,
rom is ar iyo mzad evropuli
liberaluri demokratiis
faseulobebis gasaTaviseblad.
amis Sedegad Cven dRemde avtoritarul-totalitarul-nacionalisturi
midrekilebebis
tyveobaSi vimyofebiT da
aTasgvari mizeziT vimarTlebT
Tavs imis gamo, Tu ratom ver
Sedga CvenSi liberaluri
demokratia.
gamsaxurdias Caenacvla SevardnaZe,
romelsac aranairi
konkretuli proeqti ar hqonia
arsenalSi. mas Tavad ver
warmoedgina mkafiod, Tu rogori
saxelmwifo unda aeSenebina,
saiT waeyvana xalxi da
qveyana. is ZiriTadad viTarebis
mixedviT moqmedebda (xSirad
_ arasworad), Tumca, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom mas Semdeg,
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
27
solidaroba
rac sabolood gawbilda ruseTis
midgomaSi saqarTvelosa
da piradad mis mimarT,
mas Semdeg, rac ruseTi mas
demonstraciulad daundoblad
moeqca afxazeTis sakiTx-
Si, SevardnaZem qarTul politikaSi
dasavluri veqtori
gaaCina. gagaxsenebT, rom
swored SevardnaZis periodSi
gaxda saqarTvelo evrosabWos
wevri, Sedga navTobisa da gazis
transportirebis proeqtebi,
gaformda stambolis
1999 w. xelSekruleba saqar-
Tvelodan ruseTis samxedro
bazebis gayvanis Sesaxeb da
ori bazis gayvana SevardnaZis
periodSic moeswro; sxvaTa
Soris, 2002 wlis natos praRis
samitze swored SevardnaZem
ganacxada oficialurad, rom
saqarTvelos surs am organizaciasTan
SeerTeba. imavdroulad
aRsaniSnavia, rom es
dasavluri veqtori sakmaod
amorfuli iyo, radganac ar

#2(29)
gamagrebula qveynis SigniT
Sesabamisi progresuli
gardaqmnebiT. dajereba imisa,
rom SevardnaZis periodSi,
gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg,
rac man Tavis piks gadaabija _
es ki Cemi (da ara mxolod Cemi
azriT) 1998 wels moxda, es ganxorcieldeboda,
rTuli iyo.
1995-97 wlebi SevardnaZis
aqtivSi SeiZleba Caiweros im
TvalsazrisiT, rom cxovreba
da ara arseboba, am qveyanaSi
SesaZlebeli gaxda, Tumca
amas Tan axlda uamravi naklovani
mxarec. pikis gadavlis
Semdeg, mas Semdeg rac SevardnaZem
praqtikulad amowura
Tavisi SesaZleblobebi
rogorc saxelmwifo moRvawem
da qveynis meTaurma, saqarTvelo
logikurad da bunebrivad
Caeflo stagnaciisa da
korufciis WaobSi.
Semdeg movida saakaSvili
qveynisa da eris moderniza-
Solidarität
politikuri eqsplikaciebi
ciis proeqtiT. Tavisi arsiT
am proeqts me pozitiurad
vafaseb, magram saakaSvilis da
misi gundis SesrulebiT is
ganwiruli aRmoCnda warumateblobisTvis
ramdenime
Tandayolili mankis gamo.
pirvel yovlisa, proeqtis
ideologebis mier misi vulgaruli,
meqanisturi gagebis
gamo. meore _ imis gamo, rom
eris jansaRi nawilis (romelic
Cvens da ara mxolod
Cvens SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovan
umciresobas warmoadgens)
proeqtis garSemo konsolidaciis
nacvlad, xelisuflebam
daiwyo sazogadoebis daqucmaceba
iseTi iarliyebis
mikerebiT, rogorebicaa
`Carecxilebi~, `retrogradebi~,
`antireformatorebi~,
`qurduli mentalitetis matareblebi~
da sxv. amiT saakaSvilis
xelisuflebam
isedac sakmaod mwiri
progresuli resursi kidev
28
}'vh'mksr
ufro Seamcira da sazogadoebis
nawili gadaimtera. inteleqtualuri
da sakadro deficiti
saakaSvilis xelisuflebaSi
gamomdinareobda ara
ubralod mcdari, aramed
saxifaTo midgomidan `Cven
TviTon viciT, ra da rogor
vakeToT da sxvas arafers
SevekiTxebiT; arc angariSs
aravis CavabarebT~. es xom
zedmiwevniT totalitaruli
yaidis postulatia! am midgomas
daefuZna mmarTveli
gundis saqmianoba. am (da sxva)
garemoebaTa gamo saakaSvili
Tavis gundTan erTad
ubralod ver moereoda im
amocanas, romelic daisaxa.
Zalian mniSvnelovani mgonia
agreTve is garemoeba, rom modernizaciis
yvela SesaZlo
nairsaxeobidan (vesternizacia,
evropeizacia, amerikanizacia)
`nacionalurma moZraobam~
saakaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT
airCia amerikanizacia,
romelsac, Cemi azriT, saqar-
Tvelosnair qveyanaSi perspeqtiva
ar gaaCnia.
gavixsenoT isic, rom pirveli
prezidentis dros faqtobrivad
daiwyo pirveli omi samxreT
oseTSi; meore prezidentis
dros _ omi afxazeTSi; xolo
mesame prezidentis dros
_ axali omi samxreT oseTSi,
romelic ruseTTan omSi gadaizarda.
esec 1989 wlis 9 aprilidan
fesvgamjdari radikalizmis
pirdapiri Sedegia;
imis Sedegia, rom sazogadoeba-
Si dialogi ver Camoyalibda,
rogorc, erTis mxriv, problemebis
mogvarebis civilizebuli
forma da, meores mxriv,
rogorc pozitiuri cvlilebebis
mamoZravebeli Zala.
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

aqve vityvi, rom, araferi
imaze samarcxvino ar Cagvidenia
qarTvelebs gansaxilvel
periodSi, vidre osebis devna
iyo 80-iani da 90-iani wlebis
mijnaze, roca adamianebs eTnikuri
niSniT saxlebidan
yridnen da samsaxurebidan
aTavisuflebdnen. es ufro
amazrzenia Cemi azriT, vidre
maTTan omis gamarTva.
axla _ oci wlis Semdeg _ kvlav
dagvidga 9 aprili da kvlav
davicikleT am TariRze;
amjerad, 1989 wlisgan gansxvavebiT,
davicikleT winaswar
da ara postfaqtum. ra arCevanis
winaSe vdgavarT realurad?
1. xelisuflebis saTaveSi
kvlav darCeba saakaSvili,
romelsac Sevadareb
`koWl ixvs~. aris aseTi
termini amerikis SeerTebul
StatebSi da asaxavs
jer kidev moqmedi prezidentis
mdgomareobas, rodesac
Semdegi prezidenti
ukve arCeulia, magram arsebuli
jer kidev ganagr-
Zobs Tavis saqmianobas
xelisuflebis gadacemamde.
buSi iyo `koWli ixvi~
noembridan ianvramde _
obamas inauguraciamde. am
periodSi moqmed prezidents
ukve arc politikuri
da arc moraluri Zala
Seswevs, raTa wamoayenos
da ganaxorcielos ramdenadme
seriozuli proeqtebi
da programebi. Cemi azriT,
saakaSvili koWli
ixvia orive fexiT, radganac
moklebulia rogorc
Sida, ise gare legitimacias
da Tundac misi am mTavari
proeqtis _ amerikanizaciis
proeqtis _ ganxorci-
elebis Sansi da unari mas
aRar SerCenia. metic _ samwuxarod,
man mniSvnelovanwilad
sakuTriv modernizaciis
ideis diskreditaciac
moaxdina.
2. saakaSvilis Secvlis Sem-
TxvevaSi sami SesaZlebloba
Cans:
a) xelisuflebaSi gamsaxurdiasnairi,
anu nacionalisturi
tipis proeqtis matarebeli
xalxis mosvla;
b) SevardnaZisnairi xelisuflebis
miReba, anu xelisuflebisa
mkafio proeqtis
gareSe;
g) evropeizaciis tipis modernizaciuli
proeqtis
mqone politikuri Zalis
gaxelisufleba, romelsac
gacilebiT ufro uaresi
sastarto poziciebi eqneba,
vidre saakaSvils hqonda
prezidentobis pirvel
wlebSi.
aq ar Sevafaseb, Tu romeli am
SesaZleblobaTagani mimaCnia
ufro realisturad.
dasasruls ki vityvi, rom xalxi
am qveyanaSi Tavisufali
arCevanis SesaZleblobas
kvlavindeburad moklebulia.
amdenad, Tavisufali arCevanis
uflebis mopovebasTan
erTad gasakeTebeli iqneba
sakuTriv arCevanic.
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
29
solidaroba
9 aprilidan
9 aprilamde
naira gelaSvili
dRevandeli saubari minda
saqarTveloSi me-19 saukuneSi
mcxovrebi erTi araqarTveli
adamianis sityvebiT daviwyo.
es gaxlavT vladimir veliCko,
gazeT `kavkazis~ redaqtori,
eTnografi, dakvirvebisa
da ganzogadoebis unaris mqone,
niWieri adamiani. ainteresebda
kavkasieli xalxebi da
maTi gulSematkivari gaxldaT.
iyo imperiis adepti, magram
imperiis pozitiuri gageba
hqonda. swamda, rom imperiis
funqcia dapyrobil xalxebs
Soris ganaTlebis, saxelmwifo
institutebisa da progresis
gavrcelebaa. mas Zalian uyvarda
qarTvelebi da icavda
maT sxvadasxvagvari Tavdasxmebisagan,
magaliTad, roca
saqrTvelos istorias ayalbebdnen,
an qarTuli kulturis
rols akninebdnen da a.S. amitom
misi naTqvami keTilismsurvelis
sityvebia da ara
mtrisa. misi TqmiT, `qarTvelebi
arapolitikuri xalxia,
magram aqvT nerviuli midrekileba
politikuri cxovrebis
Teatraluri da sportuli
formebisaken~. es sityvebi
1900 wels gamocemul wignSi
amovikiTxe da Cveni fsiqikis
amaze zusti Sefaseba mas Semdeg
arsad Semxvedria. yovel-
Tvis mikvirda, ris safuZvelze
gamoitana aseTi daskvna am
adamianma. igi eswreboda xolme
krebebs, romlebic im periodSi
sxvadasxva sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebiT imarTeboda. am
krebebs eswrebodnen ilia Wav-

#2(29)
WavaZec, ivane maCabelic da
sxvebic. vfiqrob, es Sexeduleba
v. veliCkos gauCnda am
krebebis STabeWdilebiT,
sadac iseTi isteriuli atmosfero
sufevda Turme, rom
veravin gaigebda, ra xdeboda.
(sxvaTa Soris, ilia WavWavaZe
misTvis did avtoritets
warmoadgenda).
am adamians ekuTvnis kidev erTi
gamonaTqvami qarTvelebis
Sesaxeb. is ambobs, qarTvelebi
imdenad niWieri xalxia, SeuZliaT
ruseTis imperiaSi imaze
meti adgili daikavon, vidre
axla ukaviaTo. magram misive
TqmiT, es an iaraRiT miiRweva
an sikeTiT. sikeTeSi is gonebas,
azrovnebas, keTil nebas
gulisxmobs. ese igi, an rogorc
mebrZol xalxs unda
gqondes gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba,
an rogorc keTilgoniers.
magramo, ambobs veliCko,
samwuxarod, qarTvelebi
âñåãäà âûáèðàþò ÷òî-òî
òðåòüå:…îíè âåñüìà íåóäà÷íî
ôðîíäèðóþò è äóþòñÿ. e.i. sul
ibutebian da verbalur janys
axorcielebeno. ese igi, gabutva,
gafxorva da verbaluri
janyi, anu sxvisi gaTaTxviT
gulis mofxana, v. veliCkos
azriT, aris qarTvelTa warumateblobis
mizezi. aqedan gamomdinare
am adamianma daaskvna,
rom qarTvelebi ar varT
politikuri xalxi. vakvirdebi
am oc wels da vfiqrob, rogori
Wkviani kaci unda yofiliyo,
rom ase male gamoetana
aseTi daskvna, Tan im period-
Si, rodesac ar yofila politikuri
Jami. imperiaSi, iseve
rogorc totalitarizmis
dros, dapyrobili xalxebisaTvis
ar arsebobs politikuri
Jami.
Solidarität
politikuri eqsplikaciebi
1989-90 wlebi, maxsovs, didi
enTuziazmiTa da imedebiT iyo
damuxtuli. im periodSi merab
mamardaSvilic optimistur
werilebs werda da optimistur
azrebs gamoTqvamda,
imedi hqonda, rom rusebisgan
gansxvavebiT qarTvelebs jansaRi
mimarTeba hqondaT sicocxlesTan.
es marTlac
arsebiTi Tvisebaa, magram gana
ase aRmoCnda? am jansaR mimar-
Tebas sicocxlesTan xom sicocxle,
adamianebi unda gadaerCina!
kidev ambobda, rom
Cven imitom unda viyoT damoukideblebi,
imitom unda SevideT
istoriul JamSi, rom
gavigoT vin varT, ra SegviZlia
da ra ar SegviZlia, saku-
Tari Secdomebi unda davuSvaT
da istoriis SigniT moveqceT.
es xdeba maSin, rodesac
damoukidebel gadawyvetilebebs
iReb. es gamocdileba
ki aucileblad migviyvanda
damoukideblobamde. damoukidebloba,
cxadia, merab
mamardaSvils ar esmoda ise,
rogorc es esmoda `xalxs~ Tu
masas. Tumca, sxvaTa Soris,
arc aravis gaurkvevia, Tu ras
gulisxmobda absoluturi
umravlesoba Tavisuflebasa
da damoukideblobaSi. Tu
Sedegis mixedviT vimsjelebT,
aRmoCnda, rom Turme damoukideblobaSi
nakleb Sromasa
da swavlas gulisxmobdnen.
Tqven rom SeadaroT disertaciebi,
romlebsac adre moskovSi
amtkicebdnen, Semdgom
periodSi daculebTan, naxavT,
rom es ukanasknelebi
ufro metad waagavs Cvens mier
ufros klasebSi daweril Temebs,
vidre samecniero naSromebs.
damoukideblobaSi
Turme imas gulisxmobdnen,
rom cxovrebas ufro naklebi
30
}'vh'mksr
Sromis fasad ufro meti
sargebloba unda moetana.
aRmoCnda, rom didi mniSvneloba
aqvs im epoqas, romelSic
iwyeb saxelmwifos aSenebas da
damoukideblobis mopovebas.
Cveni epoqa, iseve rogorc mTel
kacobriobas, Cvenc TiTqmis
gadauWreli, globaluri
problemebis winaSe gvayenebs
da aqamde gaugonari imperatiulobiT
iTxovs zrdasrul
inteleqts, codnis umaRles
xarisxs da Sinagani Zalebis
srul mobilizacias. amitom
igi SeiZleba momakvdinebelic
aRmoCndes imaTTvis, vinc
axla swavlobs siaruls.
diax, Cven aRmovCndiT istoriis
SigniT, Tavze davimxeT
yvelaferi da rac mTavaria,
SevqmeniT iseTi oci weli, romelic
verc aqamde gavaanalizeT
da romelsac verc axla
vusworebT Tvals. da aRarc
gvsurs masze vifiqroT. amazec
wers merab mamardaSvili,
rom arsebobs istoriis iseTi
monakveTebi, romelTa analizic
ar Rirs, radgan isini nulovan
gamocdilebas iZleva.
da saSinelia es gancda. da isev
kiTxulob, mainc rogor daitia
es oci weli erTma adamianurma
cxovrebam. iqneb, es yvelaferi
marTlac is negatiuri
da nulovani gamocdilebaa,
razec veraferi ver aSendeba,
samwuxarod, es SesaZleblobac
arsebobs.
adamianurad, rac yvelaze
metad mtanjavs, is aris, rom
Cemi Svilisa da SviliSvilis,
axalgazrdebis winaSe maqvs
danaSaulis gancda, rom ufrosma
Taobam isini iseT sivrceSi
moviyvaneT, sadac sivrce
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

ar warmoiSva, sadac verafris
garantias ver vaZlevT, sadac
Zlivs vsunTqavT. Tumca ki,
iseT sazogadoebriv fenas,
iseT adamianebs vekuTvnodi
da vekuTvni, romlebic
ocdaoTxi saaTi muSaobdnen,
wignidan Tavi ar auRiaT da
rac SeeZloT, akeTebdnen.
magram ra unda vupasuxo axla
Cems aTi wlis SviliSvils,
romelic amaswinaT dedamisma
mirza Safis quCis dangrevas-
Tan dakavSirebul saprotesto
aqciaze waiyvana da sadac
man Zalian inerviula. Tumca,
Tan moqalaqedac igrZno Tavi.
manamde leoniZis quCis dasawyisSi
Zveli da lamazi Senobis
dangreva ganicada, gaxsovT,
rogor undodaT axalgazrdebs
am Senobis gadarCena. mere, rodesac
internetiT am Senobis
suraTebi gavrcelda, ucxoeli
arqiteqtorebic CaerTnen,
msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebidan
mogvdioda `kavkasiur
saxlSi~ werilebi. gvwerdnen,
rom es Senoba araCveulebrivia,
igi unda SekeTdes, restavracia
unda Cautardes. nuTu,
yovelTvis ase unda gadaugrixo
xelebi, zurgiT dasce
Seni axalgazrdebi da araferi
gaatanino? hoda, Cemi SviliSvili
ekiTxeba dedamiss, amden
rames rom aprotestebT, erTxel
mainc Tu gaimarjveTo? ra
unda gvepasuxa, unda gveTqva,
rom verc erTxel ver gavimarjveT,
veraferi gadavarCineT
da ver davicaviT?
roca gulwrfelad vekiTxebi
Cems Tavs, am oci wlis manZilze
ra ufro metia, danakargi
Tu SenaZeni, ver vpasuxob. Tundac
ganaTlebis donis katastrofuli
dacema aviRoT. sab-
WoTa ganaTlebac Zalian nak-
lulovani iyo, magram mainc
Seiqmna im periodSi maRali
donis samecniero da kulturuli
elita, msoflio mniSvnelobis
adamianebi gvyavda
mraval sferosa da dargSi.
da ra aris is safuZvlebi,
romlebzec Sendeba saxelmwifo,
sazogadoeba da saerTod
cxovreba? Tu arc erTi safuZveli
aRar gvaqvs, raze avaSenoT?
Tu ar aris ganaTleba da
codnis kvlavwarmoeba, saxelmwifos
aSenebis yvelanairi
perspeqtiva ikargeba. ra aris
evropuli sazogadoebis Ziri-
Tadi niSani? is mecnierebis da
codnis kvlavwarmoebis safuZvelze
viTardeba. rodesac
Cavdivar germaniaSi, yovel-
Tvis Sevdivar wignebis maRaziaSi
da vakvirdebi, ras gamoscemen,
ra wignebi gamodis
sxvadasxva sferoSi. ikvleven
imasac ki, vTqvaT, bolo or
weliwadSi ramdeni konfliqti
iyo or sawarmos, or Se-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
31
solidaroba
nobas Tu or organizacias
Soris. ikvleven konfliqtis
Zirebs da dadebulia daskvnebi
amis Sesaxeb. es aris dakvirveba,
TviTkritika da TviTrefleqsia.
Cven risi aSenebis
imedi unda gvqondes, rodesac
perspeqtivac ki ar Cans imisa,
rom zust saxelebs davarqmevT
warsulisa da awmyos movlenebs,
raimes movuxerxebT
ganaTlebas, janmrTelobas da
rac Zalian mniSvnelovania,
soflis meurneobas.
1988-89-90 wlebi marTlac sabediswero
aRmoCnda. am samma
welma iseTi mrude mentaluri
kalapoti gaWra, rom mTeli
cxovreba ukuRmarTad wavida
da oci wlis ganmavlobaSi
veRarc cnobiereba da cxadia,
veRarc yofa veRar gavasworeT.
am wlebma daamkvidra arasaxelmwifoebrivi,avadmyofuri
da destruqciuli cnobiereba.
da Sinaganad Tu ar
Seicvala adamiani, ise ra

#2(29)
Secvlis cxovrebas? bibliaSi
RmerTi eubneba adamianebs,
rom maT amoaclis qvis guls
da axal guls da axal suls
Caudebs, fsalmunSic vkiTxulobT:
`sufTa guli Sehqmeni
CemSi, RmerTo, da wrfeli
suli ganaaxle Cems sxeulSi~.
`erovnuli moZraoba~ daerqva
mxolod quCis egzaltirebul
moZraobas, uwyvet da upasuxismgeblo
saprotesto aqciebs.
ara gonebriv muSaobas,
ara ganviTarebis koncefciisa
da sxvadasxva proeqtebis SemuSavebas,
aramed mxolod da
mxolod quCis uTavbolo janys.
cxovrebis asparezze saidan-
Rac gamomxtarma Zalebma, yofilma
disidentebma Tu fsevdodisidentebma
sruli marginalizacia
moaxdines da
daiqvemdebares inteleqtualuri
elita da yvelanairad
Seecadnen moespoT arCevnebis
Catarebis SesaZlebloba. situacias
gadaarCenda sazogadoebrivi
SeTanxmeba, SeTanxmeba
maSindel xelisuflebasTan.
isinic adamianebi iyvnen da
guli SestkiodaT. Zalian
krtikulad var ganwyobili
jumber patiaSvilis mimarT,
magram ver vityvi, rom sisxlis
msmelia da axalgazrdebis amo-
JuJvaze ocnebobda. SeiZleboda
SeTanxmeba adamianur,
saerTo interesebis safuZvelze,
imaze, rom Cven erTi
samSoblo gvqonda da is erTad
unda gadagverCina. gadarCena
ki iqneboda mravalpartiuli
da demokratiuli arCevnebis
daniSvna, romelSic aucileblad
gaimarjvebda kulturuli
da inteleqtualuri elita,
romelic Semdeg zomieri da
TandaTanobiTi gziT Tan
Solidarität
politikuri eqsplikaciebi
gaiyolebda xalxs. es Zalian
kargad icodnen quCis politikosebma,
romlebsac maSin
`araformalebi ewodebodaT,
da swored amitom moawyves 9
aprilic, rom sisxlisa da ubedurebis
talRaze mosuliyvnen
xelisuflebaSi. amiT gamoiricxa
arCevnebi da inteleqtualuri
da zomieri gza. imTaviTve
vambobdi, rom 9 aprili
iyo danaSauli zneobrivi da
iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT, da
misi moTaveebi unda dasjiliyvnen.
ra pasuxi unda mogveTxova
rodionovisTvis, romelsac
Tavad viwvevdiT mitingis daSlisken,
da Cvens qalebs da bav-
Svebs tankebs win vuyenebdiT?
9 aprilis Sesaxeb kritikuli
werili im periodSi versad
gamovaqveyne, 1992 wels Zlivs
davbeWde. masSi maqvs aRwerili,
rom im RamiT, rodesac ukve
saavadmyofoebs da morgebs
amzadebdnen, radgan ukve cnobili
iyo, rom sisxlisRvra moxdeboda,
erTi Cemi axlobeli
eqimi aramiancis saavadmyofodan
patriarqTan gaiqca am
ambis Sesatyobineblad, magram
aRmoCnda, rom patriarqTan
ukve daereka xelisuflebas.
mas Turme daurekes da sTxoves,
rogorme daeSala es mitingi.
es saocrad simboluri,
SeiZleba iTqvas, arqetipuli
scenaa, asakovani adamiani,
patriarqi (Tan mitingi sul
qristianul ritorikad iRvreboda)
RamiT midis momitingeebTan
da amcnobs, rom safrTxe
realuria da iqve, eklesiis
ezoSi gadanacvlebas
sTxovs. amave dros mouwodebs
zviad gamsaxurdias daSalos
mitingi. is ki pasuxobs, rom
amas ver gaakeTebs, imitom rom
moRalated gamoacxadeben,
TiTqos es yofiliyo mTavari!
32
}'vh'mksr
(1978 Tu 79 wels, rodesac moinania
disidentoba da daabezRa
amerikeli Jurnalistebi,
ratomRac ar eSinoda moRalated
gamocxadebis). me vici
is adamianebi, romlebic dResac
amayoben imiT, rom rodesac
patriarqma maT daSla
sTxova, pirvelebma daiyvires
uaris niSnad. imaT, vinc ase
SebRaoda patriarqs, erTi
nakawric ki ar daCnevia, rogorc
mitingis arc erT moTaves.
ufro sustebma brbo ver
gaarRvies da isini gadajeges
ufro Zlierebma, sxvebi moiwamlnen,
daavadda uamravi
adamiani, magram isini ori wlis
Semdeg aRaravis gaxsenebia.
wamali enatrebodaT da marto
darCnen. momdevno sami wlis
manZilze kidev Tvrameti
adamiani daiRupa.
mere ki daiwyo glovis arnaxuli,
pompezuri rituali.
saidanRac gamoCndnen Zalian
ucnauri da manamde ucnobi
masis nawilakebi da daikaves
is adgili, sadac ewyo samgloviaro
gvirgvinebi. romelma
bnelma siRrmem amoanTxia es
adamianebi, Seucnobeli darCa.
maT moipoves monopolia glovaze.
Wirisuflebi viRas axsovda.
eklesia da inteligencia
axla maT sTxovda daSlas,
imitom rom mowamluli iyo
iqauroba, yvelaferi, gvirgvinebi,
xeebi, buCqebi gaJRen-
Tili iyo im saSineli gaziT,
magram arc maSin daujeres
vinmes. daukvirdiT iracionalizmisa
da suiciduri instinqtis
dones! am dros miTxra
akaki baqraZem, megona mTeli
cxovreba sinaTles vaRviZebdi,
magram Turme sibnele gamomiRviZebiao!
sxvaTa Soris,
glovis im agresiulma organi-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

zatorebma akaki baqraZezec
gaiwies fizikurad.
maSindel mitingebSi me monawileoba
ar mimiRia, imitom
rom CemTvis sruliad miuRebeli
iyo is lozungebi. 9 aprilis
mitingi daiwyo afxazeTis
avtonomiis gauqmebis moTxovnis
lozungiT. Semdeg erovnuldemokratiulma
partiam da
sxvebma, am moTxovnas sabWoTa
kavSiridan gamoyofis moTxovna
daumates. aseTi sakiTxebi
CvenTan mitingebze `wydeboda~!
mogvianebiT me da b-nma
akaki baqraZem erTad vnaxeT iq
gadaRebuli Seumcirebeli,
sruli videomasala. mTlianobaSi
es yvelaferi iseT sigi-
Jed Canda, rom veliCkos naTqvami
amasTan SedarebiT Zalian
rbilad mogeCvenebodaT. b-nma
akakim miTxra maSin, rom mTeli
cxovreba vfiqrobdi, ratom
SeuerTa mefe ereklem saqar-
Tvelo ruseTs da vera vxvdebodio.
veravin ityoda, rom
patrioti ar iyo da saqarTvelo
ar uyvarda, mTeli cxovreba
xmali ar Caugia qarqaSSi,
asi WrilobiT Cavida saflav-
Si, da mxolod axla mivxvdi
amis mizezs, es gareSe mtrebis
SiSiT ki ara, qarTvelebs rom
erTmaneTi ar amoewyvitaT,
imitom gaakeTao. ai, aseTi
daskvnebi Cndeboda ukve,
iseTi saxe miiRo realobam.
am egzaltirebuli da iracionaluri
gziT ganviTarda
azrovneba. 9 aprilma aiRo ise-
Ti isteriuli nota, romelic
msjelobas da refleqsias
gamoricxavda. politikuri
TviTdamkvidrebisaTvis aucilebeli
gaxda nacionaluri
boRmis vinmeze gadanTxeva,
mtris xatebis Seqmna, ruseTis
avadmyofuri lanZRva-gineba
da umciresobaTa dateroreba.
dResac is isteriuli registri
msWvalavs atmosferos. es
aris gagrZeleba im destruqciuli
registrisa, romelic
ar gaZlevs mSvidad azrovnebisa
da yofnis saSualebas. mekiTxebian
xolme, riTi gansxvavdeba
es ori 9 aprili erTmaneTisagan.
1989 wlis aprili
maSindeli aqtivistebis mier
dadgmuli sisxliani speqtakli
gaxldaT, romlis Tavidan
acileba araTu SeiZleboda,
aramed aucilebeli iyo. dRes
ki, xalxis udidesi nawilis
mdgomareoba imdenad autanelia,
situacia daZabulobis
iseT xarisxSia asuli, rom 9
aprili, anu saprotesto aqciebi
ukve gardauvali gaxda.
ise, CemTvis rom ekiTxaT, saproteto
aqciebis dawyebas 9
aprils ki ara, 14 aprils davam-
Txvevdi, radgan es dRe marTla
gamarjvebis dRed iqca. sab-
WoTa kavSiris istoriaSi arnaxuli
masStabis manifestacia
iyo da mSvidobianad da
warmatebiT damTavrda.
sad varT Cven
Cemi dRevandeli moxsenebis
saTauria: `sad varT Cven?~ am
kiTxvas ramdenime pasuxi aqvs.
pirveli: Tamaz wivwivaZis statiis
saTaurs gagaxsenebT _
`gaiRviZe griSa biZia, depoSi
varT!~. magram me maqvs meore
pasuxic, da radgan axla germanulis
Semdeg inglisuris
Seswavlac daviwye, inglisu-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
33
solidaroba
da bolos, minda wagikiTxoT
nawyveti 1989 wels gamoqveynebuli
Cemi erTi werilidan
da amiT davasrulo saubari.
vfiqrob es nawyveti kargad
gviCvenebs, rom cnobierebis
sferoSi ra problemebis
winaSec maSin videqiT, dResac
im problemebis winaSe vdgavarT:
`maSasadame, ukve ramdenime
saxis terori davasaxeleT.
terori xelisuflebis
mxridan, terori e.w. erovnuli
moZraobis mxridan, terori
masis mxridan, terori teqnokratiuli
wreebis mxridan.
arsebobs kidev religiuri
terori. amaze ityvis swored
kaci, es ubedurebaRa gvakldao!
diax, Cven qristianobas
Tavidan viwyebT, magram amjerad
warmarTuli religiis
mdidar tradiciebze ki ar
vaSenebT, aramed urwmunoebaze
da ukulturobaze, materializmiTa
da diqtaturiT gadaxriokebul
sulze. umetesad
mitingebze atacebuli, lozunguri
qristianoba swrafad
daqorwinda neobolSevizmze
da ras gviqadis es arnaxuli
simbiozi, kacma ar icis.~
emzar jgerenaia
rad getyviT, varT `TraqSi~
(sityvidan truck, rac niSnavs
biliks/gzas),. uzrdelobaSi
nu CamomarTmevT, evfemizmad
CamiTvaleT.
axla, rodesac Cemi studentebis
wyalobiT xelaxla miwevs
im teqstebis gadakiTxva,
romlebsac studentobis dros

#2(29)
vkiTxulobdi, erT mosazrebamde
mivedi. konkretuli avtoris
teqstis gageba, avtoris
azris ukeT wvdoma da interpretacia
aramarto Cveni asakiT,
gamocdilebiT an, gnebavT,
interesiT aris gansazRvruli,
aramed im socialuri realobiTac,
romelSic cxovreba
gvixdeba. Tu socialuri da
politikuri realoba avtoris
mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis
sajarod gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas
ar iZleva, mkiTxveli
brma xdeba arakonteqstualuri
ideebis mimarT. ukeTes Sem-
TxvevaSi ideebi samzareuloebSi
saubrebisa da salonuri
da snoburi `bazarisTvis~ arian
ganwirulni. gasul kviras
Cems studentebs vTxove waekiTxaT
germaneli filosofosis
imanuel kantis mcire naSromi
`ra aris ganmanaTlebloba~,
raTa dasavleTze, ganmanaTleblobis
ideebze da qarTuli
sazogadoebis dRevandel viTarebaze
gvemsjela, gagverkvia,
Solidarität
politikuri eqsplikaciebi
miuaxlovda Tu ara qarTuli
sazogadoeba am naSromSi gamoTqmul
ideebs. marTlac,
varT Tu ara 21-e saukuneSi?
ramdenime Tvis win mravali
qarTveli Tu ucxoeli eqsperti
da politikosi kiTxulobda,
SeiZleboda Tu ara 21-e
saukuneSi momxdariyo is, risi
momswrenic aRmovCndiT 2008
wlis agvistos cxel dReebSi.
ras niSnavs cxovrobde 21-e saukuneSi?
nuTu adamiani icvleba
da viTardeba? nuTu saukuneebs
da gamocdilebas SeuZlia
adamianebs daaZlevinos sixarbe,
egoizmi, Zalauflebisaken
veluri, uganaCeno (merab mamardaSvilis
terminia) ltolva,
uari aTqmevinos maT verbalur
Tu fizikur Zaladobaze?
SesaZlebelia axali adamiani,
axali politika, axali morali?
qristianuli pasuxi am kiTxvaze
dadebiTia. Cven yvelani
axali ebraelebi varT, Zvel
tikebSi aRar vasxamT Zvel
34
}'vh'mksr
Rvinos. magram es mxolod
morwmune adamianisTvis SeiZleba
ase iyos. dRevandeli
Sizofreniuli adamiani, romlis
Tavi harmoniulad itevs
Tanamedrove racionalur
mecnierebas, okultizmsa Tu
magias, mxolod erT goniT
realobaSi rodi cxovrobs.
Cemi megobari zaza SaTiriSvili
amaze moswrebulad xumrobda,
rom Tanamedrove profesori
dRis pirvel naxevarSi
mecnieria, xolo saRamos Cakrebis
gaxsniT da aRmosavluri
spiritualizmiT aris dakavebuli.
arada, TiTqos racionalizmis
epoqaSi vcxovrobT,
epoqaSi, rodesac pragmatuli
filosofiis, mecnierebis,
sakuTari yoveldRiuri
cxovrebis dagegmvisa da analizis
gareSe Sors ver waxval.
profesorma giga zedaniam
akademikos guram TevzaZisadmi
miZRvnil laudacioSi aRniSna,
rom `Tanamedrove uni-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

versitetebi warmoadgens racionalizmis
anklavebs~. am mosazrebas,
mgoni, yvela Cvengani
daeTanxmeba, magram universitetebma
racionalizmis anklavis
funqcia rom Seasrulon,
amisaTvis aucilebelia arsebobdes
universitetebi da xangrZlivi
sauniversiteto tradicia.
magram saqme is aris, arsebobs
Tu ara saqarTveloSi
iseTi tradicia, instituciuri
mexsiereba, cxovrebis
praqtika, romelic dasavluri
Rirebulebebis danergvas Tu
ara, adaptacias mainc Seuwyobda
xels. aqvs Tu ara safuZveli
frazas `me var qarTveli
da maSasadame, var evropeli~,
Tu saqmis viTarebas ufro
adekvaturad moergeba gamonaTqvami
_ `me var qarTveli
da araviTari maSasadame~. an
iqneb orive es gamonaTqvami
mxolod ideologiuri kliSea
da araferi aqvs saerTo realobasTan,
romelSic vcxovrobT?
ukve Zalian bevri kiTxva davsvi,
ara mgonia, romelime maTganze
amomwuravad gipasuxoT,
magram, modiT, erTad vcadoT
pasuxis gacema. davubrundeT
kantis zemoT naxseneb naSroms
`ra aris ganmanaTlebloba~,
romelic 1784 wels gamoqveynda.
is dResac iqcevs yuradRebas.
ramdenime citatas wagikiTxavT:
`gvqondes gambedaoba,
es aris ganmanaTleblobis mowodeba~.
iqve, momdevno abzac-
Si, kanti wers: sizarmace da
mSiSroba, gaubedaoba warmoadgens
mizezs imisas, rom adamianTa
didi umravlesoba, romelic
bunebam ukve didi xania
gaaTavisufla sxvebis xelmZ-
Rvanelobisgan, mTeli cxovrebis
manZilze arasrulwlovan,
umwifar adamianebad rCebian.
adamianma aravis ar unda Caabaros
Tavisi azrovneba. axalgazrdebsac
TavianTi azrovneba
unda hqondeT. rogorc
kanti fiqrobs, ganmanaTlebloba
azrovnebis sajaro gamoyenebasac
gulisxmobs. ganmanaTleblobisaTvis
saWiroa
mxolod Tavisufleba da Tanac
yvelaze uwyinari Tavisufleba,
saxeldobr _ kacma
yvela SemTxvevaSi sajarod
gamoiyenos sakuTari goneba.
modiT, axla SeveSvaT kantis
ideebis mimoxilvas da vnaxoT
ra xdeba 1784 wlisTvis saqar-
TveloSi, ra ideebi moZraoben
aq, raze bWoben am dros qarTveli
inteleqtualebi da ra
warmoadgens refleqsiis sagans.
qarTul me-18 saukunes
evropul me-18 saukunes Tu
SevadarebT, saqarTveloSi
evropulisagan sruliad gansxvavebul
saazrovno situacias
aRmovaCenT. es aris vaxtang
meeqvsis, vaxuSti batoniSvilis,
Teimuraz meoris, besikis
epoqa. pirveli, rac TvalSi
gecemaT, aris am epoqis qarTvelTa
(ramdenime gamonaklisis
garda) orientacia literaturaze,
mxatvrul Semoqmedebaze
da ara socialur filosofiaze.
qarTuli azri
uaRresad mwiria pirovnebis
Tavisuflebis, saxelmwifos
raobis, Tavisuflebis sazRvrebis
kvleviT. Teimuraz
meore am dros wers `xilTa
qebas~: `marwyvman Tqva: `moval
pirvelad, me ver momiswrebs
xilia, / ferad msgavsi var
lalisa, merme saWmelad
tkbilia, / win rasa miswrobs
tyemali, mJave aris da
grilia, / misgan Civian yvelani
_ `vWame, momkveTa kbilia. /
tyemalma uTxra: `Segarcxvens
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
35
solidaroba
eg Seni saubaria, / uaresi xar
yvelasa, ara xar xilTa daria,
/ Tavsa mogWamen Wiani, _ Ziri
gaqvs metad mwaria, / uCemod
lxini ar varga, arcara
sanukvaria~. es aris qarTuli
socialuri filosofia. aqve
gagaxsenebT Teimurazis kidev
erT nawarmoebs _ `gabaaseba
rusTvelTan~, sadac rusi
qalbatonis silamaziT (es qalbatoni
gaxlavT butulina)
moxibluli poeti rusTavels
mimarTavs da ambobs, rusi
qalbatonis silamazesTan
nestan-darejanis mSveneba ra
mosataniao, da butulinas
uxsnis, rom rusTaveli cud
droSi daibada, xuTasi wlis
win cxovrobda da nestandarejani
amitom gamoigona,
Torem is rom enaxa, amas aRar
gaakeTebda. besiki am dros
wers `rZal-dedamTilians~
(Tumca misi `tano tatano~
Sedevria, me poeziis mimarT
pretenzia ar maqvs). amiT imis
Tqma msurs, rom qarTuli azri
arasodes muSaobda im Temebze,
romlebic evropam wamoWra.
CvenTan ar Camoyalibebula
arc pirovnebis Tavisuflebis,
arc wesrigis, arc biurokratiis,
saxelmwifos Teoriebi.
Sesabamisad, Cvens kulturas
ar esmis arc Tavisuflebis da
arc wesrigis kategoria.
mxolod me-19 saukuneSi Cndeba
am Temebze pirveli warmodgenebi.
qarTuli nacionalizmi
ayalibebs gmiris ideas, romelsac
bazaleTis tbis Ziras sZinavs
da romlis gaRviZebasac
xalxi elis. es gmiri jer zviad
gamsaxurdias mesianistur ideaSi
povebs Tavis gamoxatulebas,
Semdeg eduard Sevardna-
Zis qarizmaSi. dRes mixeil saakaSvilis
wesrigSia es ganiv-

#2(29)
Tebuli. amitom, qarTuli sazogadoeba
mudmivad meryeobs
monur morCilebasa da amboxs
Soris. gmirebs ar SeuZliaT
rutina. maTTvis ucxoa profanuli
yoveldRiuroba. qarizmis
rutinizeba, anu misi
yoveldRiurobaSi gadasvla,
institucionalizacia advili
amocana ar aris. rutinizeba
niSnavs institucionalizmis
mSeneblobas, mkafio regulaciebis
Semotanas, Semdeg _
procedurebis mkacr dacvas.
aseTi gamocdileba Cvens kulturaSi
ar aris, amitom Cvens
sinamdvileSi qarizma, madli,
gmiruli paTosi upiratesobs
muxlCauxrel Sromaze, instituciebze,
procedurebze. Sesabamisad,
politikuri sistema
CvenTan batonobs sxva sistemebze
da, faqtobrivad, socialur
sivrceSi ar rCeba politikisagan
Tavisufali arcer-
Ti avtonomiuri adgili.
sainteresoa kidev ramdenime
sakiTxi, magaliTad, wesrig-
Tan damokidebuleba. CvenTan
wesrigi yovelTvis garedan
aris Semotanili. es imas niSnavs,
rom Cven arasodes ar varT
Cveni wesrigis Semoqmedebi,
Semomtanebi. saSualo statistikuri
qarTvelisTvis ras
niSnavs evropuli wesrigi? evropa
esmiT, rogorc mxolod
homoseqsualizmi, mxolod Savkanianis
uflebebi, marginalur
jgufebze saubari. amitom aseTi
evropa Cven ar gvinda da igi
Cveni kulturis mteri gvgonia.
Cvens warsulSi Tavisuflebis,
saxelmwifos, wesrigis, pasuxismgeblobis
socialuri da
filosofiuri refleqsiebi
rom yofiliyo, TanamedroveobisaTvis
misi efeqti mainc
umniSvnelo iqneboda da, ai,
Solidarität
politikuri eqsplikaciebi
ratom _ yovel ideas misi gadamtani
institutebi, e.w. socializaciis
agentebi sWirdeba.
aseTi agentebi ki, Cvens warsul-
Si ar arsebobda. evropaSi am
funqcias universitetebi asrulebdnen.
me-12 saukunidan
moyolebuli evropas uwyveti
sauniversiteto tradicia aqvs.
evropeli inteleqtualebi
universitetidan universitetSi
moZraoben. isini ideebs
werilobiT cvlian, imarTeba
diskusiebi, da rac mTavaria,
universitetebi didi avtonomiiT
sargebloben. saqarTveloSi
mxolod me-19 saukuneSi
qmnis ilia WavWavaZe `qarTvel-
Ta Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebel
sazogadoebas~ da am
instituciis zegavleniT
iqmneba qarTuli nacionalizmi.
qarTuli universiteti 1918
wels Camoyalibda, magram mis
damoukideblobas bolo moeRo
qveynis damoukideblobis
dakargvasTan erTad.
Semdegi Tezisi: Cven gvaqvs
Zveli kultura, magram varT
axalgazrda saxelmwifo. Sesabamisad,
arsebobs dapirispireba
Zvel kulturasa da axalgazrda
saxelmwifos Soris.
Zveli kultura ar icnobs
moqalaqis cnebas. igi Zmobis
eTikas (transformirebuli
saxiT es SeiZleba iyos `qurduli
gageba~ an aristokratizmi,
snobizmi) emyareba. saxelmwifo,
mxedvelobaSi maqvs respublika,
orientirebulia
moqalaqis nebaze. moqalaqeoba
gulisxmobs moqalaqis mxridan
saxelmwifos kontrols,
moqalaqeebis urTierTkontrols,
kanonis uzenaesobas,
siuzerenisadmi moralur
erTgulebas, aq ki, kulturaSi,
sakonstitucio patriotizmis
36
}'vh'mksr
magivrad gvaqvs qveSevrdomis
monuri morCileba misi siuzerenis
mimarT. Cven damZimebulebi
varT kulturiT, upiratesad
mxatvruli literaturiT.
mxatvruli literatura,
poezia, refleqsia ar aris.
refleqsia SeiZleba arsebobdes
literaturis kritikis saxiT,
magram ra saxis literaturuli
kritikac gvaqvs, es
yvelam kargad viciT. baltiispireTis
qveynebi, romlebic
ase damZimebulebi ar iyvnen
TavianTi warsuliT da literaturiT,
dasavleTis dauflebasa
da saxelmwifos formirebis
saqmeSi bevrad win aRmoCndnen,
vidre Sumeris kulturis
memkvidre qarTvelebi.
da bolos, minda visaubro imaze,
Tu sad varT, an ra hqvia im
mdgomareobas, romelSic vimyofebiT.
me aq moviyvan germaneli
sociologis, helmut
plesneris cnebas `dagvianebuli
eri~. is cdilobda aexsna, rogor
mivida germania nacionalsocializmamde.
misi TqmiT,
germaniaSi ar moxda ganmanaTleblobis
ideebis internalizacia,
aTviseba germanelebis
mier, germaniaSi daigviana industrializaciis
procesma,
germaniam ver Seqmna saxelmwifo
ise, rogorc misma mezobelma
safrangeTma Tavis droze,
da yovelive amis Sedegad
nacionalizmi uceb daatyda Tavs
am qveyanas, uceb gaerTiandnen,
da am nacionaluri ideiT gaujerebloba
im formiT moxda,
rasac nacizmi hqvia. anu, Cven
varT dagvianebuli eri. Cveni
matarebeli didi xania wavida,
Cven dagvagvianda da rodis
daveweviT am matarebels,
jerjerobiT CemTvis ucnobia.
didi madloba yuradRebisTvis.
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

samoqalaqo kultura
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
37
solidaroba
samoqalaqo kultura
da
arsebobs Tu ara demokratiuli
politikuri kultura,
anu iseTi tipi politikuri
poziciebisa, romelic xels
uwyobs demokratiul stabilurobas,
an xatovnad Tu vityviT,
demokratiul politikur
sistemazea met-naklebad
`morgebuli~? kiTxvaze sapasuxod
or SedarebiT stabilur
da warmatebul demokratias
_ did britaneTsa da
amerikis SeerTebul Statebs
unda mivmarToT. maTi politikuri
kultura daaxloebiT
miesadageba samoqalaqo kulturis
arsebul gagebas. politikuri
poziciebis es tipi
samoqalaqo kulturis `racionalur-aqtivisturi~modelisgan
(anu iseTi politikuri
kulturisgan, romelic warmatebul
demokratiebSi demokratiuli
ideologiis normebze
dayrdnobiT ukve unda
demokratiis stabiluroba
gTavazobT (SemoklebebiT) cnobili amerikeli
politologebis gebriel almondisa da sidnei verbas
wignis `samoqalaqo kultura~ (1963) bolo, me-15 Tavs.
naSromi, romelic samoqalaqo kulturis kvlevis
sferoSi klasikurad aris aRiarebuli,
xuTi qveynis _ aSS-s, didi britaneTis, germaniis,
italiisa da meqsikis samoqalaqo kulturis istoriul-
SedarebiT analizzea dafuZnebuli.
gabriel almondi, sidnei verba
yofiliyo gavrcelebuli) garkveulwilad
gansxvavebulia.
magram politikuri qcevis
sferoSi ganxorcielebulma
kvlevebma gviCvena, rom racionalur-aqtivisturi
modelis
adekvaturoba saeWvoa, rom
demokratiuli qveynebis moqalaqeebi
am modelis Sesabamisad
iSviaTad Tu axerxeben
cxovrebas. Cven ver vityviT,
rom isini kargad informirebulebi
arian da verc politikaSi
Rrmad Cabmulebad an
gansakuTrebiT aqtiurebad
miviCnevT maT. eleqtoraluri
gadawyvetilebis miRebis process
ki yvelaferi SeiZleba
daerqvas, racionaluri gaTvlis
garda. mocemuli modeli
arc im samoqalaqo kulturas
asaxavs, romelic Cveni kvlevis
Sedegad gamovlinda did
britaneTsa da aSS-Si.

#2(29)
samoqalaqo kultura Sereuli
politikuri kulturaa. mis
sazRvrebSi mraval moqalaqes
SeuZlia politikurad aqtiuri
iyos, magram mravali sxva
qveSevrdomis pasiur rols
asrulebs. kidev ufro mniSvnelovania,
rom aqtiuri samoqalaqo
rolis Semsrulebel-
Tac mrevlisa da qveSevrdomis
Tvisebebi srulad ar daukargavT.
monawilis roli, ubralod,
avsebs am or rols. es
imas niSnavs, rom aqtiuri
moqalaqe misTvis tradiciul,
arapolitikur kavSirebsac
inarCunebs da verc qveSevrdomis
ufro pasiur rols eleva.
ra Tqma unda, racionaluraqtivisturi
modeli sulac
ar gulisxmobs, rom monawilis
orientacia qveSevrdomisa da
mrevlis orientaciebs enacvleba,
magram am SemTxvevaSi,
ramdenadac ori ukanaskneli
tipi mkafiod ar gamoixateba
xolme, gamodis rom isini
demokratiuli politikuri
kulturis miRma rCebian.
sinamdvileSi orientaciis es
ori saxe aramarto SenarCunebulia,
aramed samoqalaqo
kulturis mniSvnelovan nawilsac
warmoadgens. upirveles
yovlisa mrevlisa da qveSevrdomis
orientaciebi individis
politikuri CarTulobisa
da aqtiurobis intensivobas
cvlis. politikuri saqmianoba
moqalaqis interesebis
mxolod nawilia, Tanac, rogorc
wesi, _ naklebad mniSvnelovani.
sxva orientaciebis
SenarCuneba politikur saqmianobaSi
moqalaqis monawileobis
xarisxs zRudavs da
demokratiul politikas
misTvis Sesabamis sazRvrebSi
akavebs. metic, mrevlisa da
Solidarität
samoqalaqo kultura
qveSevrdomis orientaciebi
monawilis orientaciasTan
aramarto Tanaarsebobs, aramed
msWvalavs da iersaxesac
ucvlis mas. magaliTad, pirveladi
kavSirebi (mrevlis
orientacia) samoqalaqo gavlenis
warmosaqmnelad mniSvnelovan
faqtorad gvevlineba.
garda amisa, sazogadoebrivi
da pirovnuli kavSirebis
urTierTzemomqmedi
struqturebi avlenen tendencias,
rom politikuri orientaciebis
xasiaTzec iqonion
gavlena _ aqcion isini aramwvave
da gamijvnisken naklebad
midrekil movlenebad.
politikuri orientaciebi,
imdenad, ramdenadac gamsWvalulni
arian pirveladi jgufuri
da aseve zogadsocialuri,
pirovnebaTSorisi orientaciebiT,
sulac ar warmoiqmnebian
mkafiod gamoxatuli
principebisa da racionaluri
gaTvlebis niadagze.
ra aris imis mizezi, rom racionalur-aqtivisturi
modelis
idealebsa da politikuri
kavSirebis tipebs Soris arsebobs
Seusabamoba, rasac, faqtobrivad,
yvelaze stabilur
da warmatebul demokratieb-
Si vawydebiT? erT-erTi SesaZlo
axsna, romelic yvelaze
xSirad gvxvdeba samoqalaqo
aRzrdis Sesaxeb arsebul literaturaSi,
imas gveubneba, rom
es Seusabamoba demokratiis
cud funqcionirebas mowmobs.
ra gamodis _ im xarisxiT, ra
xarisxiTac adamianebi aqtiuri
moqalaqis idealis gauTvaliswineblad
moqmedeben,
demokratia ar Sedga?
Tu imasac davijerebT, rom
politikuri cxovrebis rea-
38
}'vh'mksr
liebi ama Tu im politikuri
TeoriiT unda iZendes formas,
maSin amgvarma axsnam SeiZleba
dagvakmayofilos kidec. magram,
Tuki im mosazrebas gaviziarebT,
rom politikuri
Teoriebi politikuri cxovrebis
realiebidan unda aRmocendes,
rac garkveulwilad
ufro martivi da SesaZloa,
ufro sasargeblo amocanacaa
_ am SemTxvevaSi racionaluraqtivistur
modelsa da demokratiul
realiebs Soris arsebuli
Seusabamobis moxmobili
ganmarteba naklebad misaRebi
aRmoCndeba. mocemul Tvalsazrisze
myofT es Seusabamoba
SeuZliaT imiT axsnan,
rom Tamasa metismetad maRlaa
aweuli. magram, mxedvelobaSi
rom miviRoT politikuri
sakiTxebis sirTule da
sxva problemebic, romlebic
individs dros arTmevs, da
amasTanave informaciis mouxelTeblobacgaviTvaliswinoT
(informirebuloba racionaluri
politikuri gadawyvetilebis
misaRebad aucileblobas
warmoadgens), maSin
savsebiT cxadi gaxdeba, ratom
ar aris Cveulebrivi adamiani
idealuri moqalaqe. individis
arapolitikuri interesebis
fonze SeiZleba aRmoCndes,
rom erTob araracionaluria
im droisa da Zalisxmevis
politikur saqmianoba-
Si xarjva, rac, racionaluraqtvisturi
modelis mixedviT,
cxovrebisa da saqmianobisTvisaa
saWiro. SesaZloa
es srulebiTac ar Rirdes
imad, rom iyo aserigad kargi
moqalaqe.
Tumca, miuxedavad imisa, rom
aqtivisturi politikuri kultura
mTlianobaSi albaT
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

ufro utopiuri idealia,
unda arsebobdes sxva, ufro
safuZvliani mizezi imis asaxsnelad,
rom yvelaze warmatebul
demokratiebSi ucnaurad
CaxlarTuli, Sereuli samoqalaqo
kultura arsebobs.
gveCveneba, rom amgvari kultura,
romelic zogjer saku-
Tar wiaRSive urTierTSeu-
Tavsebel politikur orientaciebs
Seicavs, demokratiuli
politikuri sistemis
moTxovnilebebs yvelaze
metad Seesatyviseba, vinaidan
Tavad es sistemaa winaaRmdegobaTa
rTuli kvanZi.
Zalaufleba da
pasuxismgebloba
saxelisuflebo Zalasa da
pasuxismgeblobas Soris saWiro
wonasworobis SenarCuneba
demokratiis erT-erTi yvelaze
mniSvnelovani da Zneli
amocanaa. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
araelitas ar gaaCnia saxelisuflebo
elitaze kontrolis
raime forma, Znelia politikur
sistemas demokratia
daerqvas. meore mxriv, araelitas
ar SeuZlia iTavos
marTva. politikuri sistema
rom efeqturi iyos, hqondes
unari SeimuSaos da gaataros
esa Tu is politika, moergos
ama Tu im viTarebasa da saSinao
Tu sagareo sakiTxebze
pasuxismgebloba itvirTos,
aucilebelia arsebobdes
meqanizmi, romlis saSualebi-
Tac samTavrobo moxeleebi
gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis
uflebamosilebiT aRiWurvebian.
saxelisuflebo Zalauflebisa
da pasuxismgeblobidan
gamomdinare winaaRmdegobrivi
amocanebis gadaWris auci-
leblobiT wamoqmnili daZabuloba
yvelaze mkafiod krizisebisas
iCens xolme Tavs.
sakiTxavia, rogor unda aigos
marTvis imgvari sistema, rom
ar dairRves aucilebeli balansi
Zalasa da pasuxismgeblobas
Soris. e. e. Satneiderma
sakiTxi ase dasva: problema
is ki ar aris, ra mouxerxos
180 milionma aristotelem
demokratias, aramed is, rom
180 milioni Cveulebrivi
adamianisgan Semdgari sazogadoeba
ise iyos organizebuli,
rom man imavdroulad
sakuTari moTxovnilebebisadmi
mgrZnobiaroba SeinarCnos.
es liderobis, organizaciis,
alternativebis, Sesabamisobisa
da ndobis sistemaTa
problemaa. misi gadaWris
mcdelobisas politologebi,
wesisamebr, eleqtoraluri
konfliqtis struqturis enas
mimarTaven. eleqtoralur
sistemas, romelic isea konstruirebuli,
rom man SezRuduli
droiT romelime elitas
uboZos Zalaufleba, Zalasa
da pasuxismgeblobas Soris
balansis uzrunvelyofa
SeuZlia: elitebi Zalauflebas
iReben, magram es Zalaufleba
SezRudulia. am zRudeebs
arCevnebis perioduloba,
momdevno arCevnebis sazrunavi
da sxva formaluri Tu
araformaluri kontrolis
sistemebis mTeli wyeba qmnis.
amgvari sistemis qmedunarianobisTvis
aucilebelia partiebis
simravle (an ukidures
SemTxvevaSi, ramdenime konkurentuli
elituri jgufis
arseboba, romlebsac potenciurad
Zalauflebis miReba
SeeZlebaT), _ sapirispiro
SemTxvevaSi elitebs Soris
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
39
solidaroba
dava yovelgvar azrs iqneba
moklebuli; amavdroulad
unda arsebobdes raRac meqanizmi,
romelic elitur jgufs
Zalauflebis efeqturad
ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas
miscems. es SeiZleba iyos
arCevnebze gamarjvebuli partiis
bolomde aRWurva ZalauflebiT
(orpartiul sistemaSi)
an partiaTa jgufis
mier qmedunariani koaliciis
Seqmna.
saxelisuflebo Zalasa da
pasuxismgeblobas Soris winaaRmdegobas
Tavisi Sesatyvisi
aqvs urTierTsapirispiro moTxovnebSi,
romlebsac demokratiul
qveynebSi moqalaqes
warudgenen. elita Cveulebrivi
moqalaqis winaSe angariSvaldebuli
rom gaxdes, am
ukanasknels ramdenime ram
moeTxoveba: man unda SeZlos
Tavisi Sexedulebis ise gamoxatva,
rom elitam gaigos ra
surs mas, moqalaqe ise unda
iyos CarTuli politikaSi,
rom icodes, elitebi mis
winaSe angariSvaldebulni
arian Tu ara. igi unda iyos
sakmarisad gavleniani, raTa
elitas Tavs moaxvios pasuxismgeblobiT
nakarnaxevi qceva.
sxva sityvebiT, elitis
pasuxismgebloba imTaviTve
gulisxmobs, rom Cveulebrivi
moqalaqis qmedeba racionalur-aqtivisturi
modelis
Sesabamisia. magram demokratiis
sxva komponentis misaRwevad
aucilebelia moqalaqeebi
sruliad gansxvavebul
poziciebs iziarebdnen da
maTi mixedviT moqmedebdnen.
demokratiis kidev erTi Semadgenlis
_ elitis Zalauflebis
_ uzrunvelsayofad
elitas Zala da saxelisuf-

#2(29)
lebo gadawyvetilebis miRebis
SesaZlebloba unda hqondes,
rac moqalaqeebis monawileobis,
aqtiurobisa da
gavlenis SezRudvas moiTxovs.
maT Zalaufleba elitas
unda gadascen da misi gamoyenebis
nebac darTon. elitis
moTxovnileba Zalauflebaze
imas niSnavs, rom Cveulebrivi
moqalaqe SedarebiT pasiuri,
politikisgan met-naklebad
distancirebuli da arsebuli
mmarTveli elitisadmi loialuri
xdeba. ase rom, demokratiul
sazogadoebaSi moqalaqes
erTimeoris sawinaaRmdego
ram moeTxoveba: is unda
iyos aqtiuri, magram amavdroulad
pasiuric, proces-
Si CarTuli, magram `arc imdenad~,
gavleniani da amavdroulad
xelisuflebis pativismcemeli.
normebi,
aRqma da moqmedeba
Cvens xelT arsebuli monacemebi
gvafiqrebinebs, rom arsebobs
ori mTavari nakadi, romelSic
samoqalaqo kultura
pirobebs uqmnis mis subieqts,
Seasrulos rogorc aqtiuri
da gavleniani, aseve SedarebiT
ufro pasiuri roli: erTi
mxriv, sazogadoebaSi individebi
nawildebian da isini oridan
erT, erTmaneTTan dapirispirebul
samoqalaqo mizans
misdeven; meore mxriv, individis
poziciebSi arsebuli
garkveuli araTanmimdevruloba
SesaZlebels xdis, rom
man am, TiTqosda SeuTavsebel,
miznebs erTdroulad misdios.
magram, modiT, jer individis
araTanmimdevrulobis sakiTxi
ganvixiloT.
Solidarität
samoqalaqo kultura
kvleva gviCvenebs, rom arsebobs
manZili, erTi mxriv, gamokiTxulTa
politikur qcevasa
da, meore mxriv, samoqmedo
valdebulebisa da SesaZleblobebis
aRqmas Soris.
aSS-sa da did britaneTSi
respondentebma didi alba-
TobiT warmoaCines is, rasac
Cven subieqturi politikuri
kompetenturoba davarqviT.
gamokiTxulTa arcTu mcire
nawils miiCnia, rom SeuZlia
adgilobriv xelisuflebaze
iqonios gavlena. SedarebiT
ufro mcire nawili ki centralur
xelisuflebasTan
mimarTebiTac analogiurad
afasebs Tavis SesaZleblobebs.
magram, amis miuxedavad,
sakuTari samoqalaqo kompetenturobis
es sakmaod maRali
Sefaseba (`SemiZlia movaxdino
zegavlena~) aqtiuri
politikuri qceviT saerTod
ar aris gamagrebuli.
msgavsi daSoreba politikur
cxovrebaSi Cabmis aucileblobis
gancdasa da realur
monawileobas Sorisac gamovlinda.
gamokiTxulTa is raodenoba,
romelmac ganacxada,
rom adamiani movalea Caebas
adgilobrivi Temis cxovrebaSi,
sagrZnoblad aRemateba
imaT raodenobas, vinc realurad
monawileobs masSi. es
tendencia yvelaze aSkarad
isev aSS-sa da did britaneT-
Si Cans: erT-erTma respondentma
is amgvarad ganmarta:
`me imaze vlaparakob, ra unda
gaakeTos adamianma, da ara imaze
_ ras vakeTeb me~. mogvepoveba
mtkicebulebebi, rom amgvari
pozicia iSviaTi sulac
ar aris. eWvs ar iwvevs isic,
rom sakuTari Temis saqmeebSi
Tundac raimenairi monawile-
40
}'vh'mksr
obis aucileblobis Segneba
ufro farTodaa gavrcelebuli,
vidre Tavad monawileobis
mniSvnelobis gancda.
gamokiTxulebi, romlebic
acxadeben, rom adamians aseTi
movaleoba akisria, yvela qveyanaSi
raodenobrivad gacilebiT
aRematebian maT, romlebic
kiTxvaze _ riTi xar dakavebuli
Tavisufal dros? _
saTemo saqmeebs asaxeleben.
magaliTad, amerikelebis
51%-ma gviTxra, rom, maTi
azriT, moqalaqe ama Tu im
saxiT aqtiurad unda iyos
Cabmuli Temis cxovrebaSi.
magram kiTxvaze _ ras akeTeb
Tavisufal dros? _ respondentTa
mxolod 10%-ma upasuxa,
rom saTemo saqmiTaa dakavebuli.
es yvelaferi gvavaraudebinebs,
rom, erTi
mxriv, norma, romelic adamianisgan
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi
monawileobas iTxovs,
farTodaa gavrcelebuli,
magram, meore mxriv, adamian-
Ta umravlesobisTvis sazogadoebriv
cxovrebaSi aqtiuri
monawileoba sulac ar
aris saqmianobis mniSvnelovani
mxare. Tavisufal dros
is arc ZiriTadi saqmianobaa
da arc kmayofilebis, sixarulisa
da sxva emociebis mTavari
wyaro.
aqedan gamomdinare, sakuTari
potenciuri gavlenis maRal
Sefasebasa da realuri gavlenis
ufro dabal dones
Soris gamovlenili distancia,
iseve, rogorc monawileobis
valdebulebis sityvieri
aRiarebis gavrcelebis
xarisxsa da realuri CarTulobis
moculobas Soris arsebuli
gansxvaveba, SesaZleblobas
gvaZlevs gavigoT, ro-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

gor uwyobs xels demokratiuli
politikuri kultura
saxelisuflebo elitis Zalauflebasa
da mis pasuxismgeblobas
Soris balansis Senar-
Cunebas (an balanss araelituri
gavleniani jgufebis
aqtiurobasa da pasiurobas
Soris). politikaSi Cabmulobis
SedarebiT dabali xarisxi,
individisaTvis politikuri
monawileobis fardobiTi
umniSvneloba da Cveulebrivi
moqalaqis obieqturi sisuste
saxelisuflebo elitas moqmedebis
SesaZleblobas aZlevs.
adamianis umoqmedoba da misi
uRonoba, gavlena iqonios
gadawyvetilebaze, saxelisuflebo
elitis ZalauflebiT
uzrunvelyofas exmareba,
rac gadawyvetilebis misaRebad
aucilebeli pirobaa. magram
es yvelaferi demokratiis
ori urTierTsawinaaRmdego
amocanidan mxolod erTis
warmatebuli gadawyvetis garantias
qmnis. elitis Zalaufleba
unda izRudebodes.
moqalaqis sapirispiro roli,
rogorc aqtiurobisa da gavlenis
faqtori, elitas anga-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
41
solidaroba
riSvaldebulebisa da pasuxismgeblobisken
ubiZgebs.
aqtiuri samoqalaqo normebisadmi
individis Rrma erTgulebiT
miiRweva elitis pasuxismgeblobis
SenarCuneba,
iseve, rogorc misi dabejiTebuli
rwmeniT, rom mas gavlenis
moxdena SeuZlia.
amdenad, moqalaqe, romelic
samoqalaqo kulturis sazRvrebSia
moqceuli, gavlenis
rezervs flobs. politikaSi
is gamudmebiT Cabmuli ar
aris da aqtiurad ar adevnebs

#2(29)
Tvals xelisufalTa qcevas.
zemoqmdebis rezervi _ potenciuri,
inertuli da politikur
sistemaSi gamouvlinebeli
gavlenis SesaZlebloba _
yvelaze ukeT ilustrirdeba
monacemebiT, romlebic asaxavs
moqalaqeTa unars _ aucileblobis
SemTxvevaSi Seqmnan
politikuri struqturebi.
moqalaqe politikuri procesis
mudmivi monawile ar
aris. politikuri jgufebisken
is iSviaTad mimarTvas Tavis
aqtiurobas. magram igi miiCnevs,
rom aucileblobis Sem-
TxvevaSi, politikuri miznebiT,
SeuZlia Tavisi bunebrivi
socialuri garemos mobilizacia.
ase rom, mas ar SeiZleba
aqtiuri moqalaqe ewodos.
igi potenciurad aqtiuri
moqalaqea.
unda iTqvas, rom moqalaqis
politikuri aqtiurobisa da
Cabmulobis araTanmimdevruli
da potenciuri xasiaTi politikuri
qcevis ufro mdgrad
da mudmiv tipebzea damokidebuli.
Cveulebrivi adamiani,
ramdenadac samoqalaqo
kulturaSi cxovrobs, ufro
maRali xarisxiT, vidre sxva
situaciisas, midrekilia myarad
SeinarCunos politikuri
kavSirebi, gawevriandes romelime
organizaciaSi da
araformalur politikur
diskusiebSi miiRos monawileoba.
qmedebaTa es saxeebi
TavisTavad ar mianiSneben
sazogadoebriv procesSi
aqtiur Cabmulobaze, magram
amiT ufro savaraudo xdeba
amgvari monawileoba. yovelive
es individs politikur garemoSi
SeWrisTvis amzadebs,
romelSic moqalaqis CarTva
Solidarität
samoqalaqo kultura
da monawileoba ufro da ufro
metad xdeba SesaZlebeli.
politikas moqalaqeebis cxovrebaSi,
sxva sferoebTan SedarebiT,
arcTu didi adgili
aqvs miCenili da swored es
warmoadgens im meqanizmis
umniSvnelovanes nawils, romlis
meSveobiTac winaaRmdegobrivi
pilitikuri poziciebis
sistema politikur elitas
imdenad ar zRudavs, rom
mas efeqturoba daakargvinos.
urTierTsapirispiro
orientaciebis balansis Senar-
Cuneba, cxadia, gacilebiT Zneli
iqneboda, politikuri sakiTxebi
moqalaqeebs yovelTvis
mniSvnelovan ramed rom
miaCndeT. Tuki Cndeba sakiTxi,
romelsac moqalaqe seriozulad
aRiqvams, an xelisuflebisadmi
Rrma ukmayofileba
warmoiSveba, maSin mas
(moqalaqes) am Temaze Cafiqrebis
survili uCndeba. Sesabamisad
Zlierdeba zewola,
romelic individs araTanmimdevrulobis
daZlevisken, anu
poziciebis, normebisa da
aRqmis harmonizaciisken ubiZgebs,
erTi sityviT, mis gaaqtiurebas
moiTxovs. ase da amgvarad,
poziciebsa da qceviT
aqtebs Soris Seusabamoba politikuri
gavlenisa da aqtiurobis
farul, potenciur
wyarod gvevlineba.
Tezisi, rom samoqalaqo kultura
Zalauflebasa da pasuxismgeblobas
Soris balanss
inarCunebs, demokratiuli
politikis kidev erT momentze
migvaniSnebs. is SesaZleblobas
gvaZlevs gavigoT,
ra ganapirobebs, rom gadauWrelad
datovebuli umniSvne-
42
}'vh'mksr
lovanesi politikuri sakiTxebi,
saboloo jamSi, demokratiul
politikur sistemaSi
arastabilurobas warmoSobs.
aqtiurobasa da pasiurobas
Soris balansi mxolod maSin
SeiZleba iyos daculi, roca
politikuri sakiTxebi gansakuTrebul
simwvaves ar iZens.
Tu politikuri cxovreba
iZabeba da yuradRebis centrSi
moqceuli romelime problemis
gadauWrelobis gamo
ar ganimuxteba, poziciebsa
da qcevas Soris Seusabamobis
simyarec ikargeba. am Seusabamobis
nebismier, SedarebiT
xangrZliv ryevas ki, maRali
albaTobiT, negatiuri Sedegebi
moaqvs. Tuki qmedeba
daemTxveva orientaciebs,
maSin kontrolis moculoba,
romelsac araelitebi Seecdebian
Tavs moaxvion elitebs,
mmarTvelobas araefeqtursa
da arastabilurs gaxdis. meore
mxriv, Tu poziciebis
veqtori pasiurobisken iqneba
mimarTuli, amis Sedegad
moqalaqeebSi gaCenilma uZlurebisa
da gariyulobis SegrZnebam
demokratiul politikur
sistemaze damRupvelad
SeiZleba imoqmedos.
magram es sulac ar niSnavs,
rom demokratiuli politikuri
sistemisTvis yvela mniSvnelovani
sakiTxi TavisTavad
Seicavs safrTxes. mxolod
maSin SeiZleba sistema
arastabuluri gaxdes, roca
problema mwvavdeba da ar xdeba
misi ganmuxtva. Tu mniSvnelovani
sakiTxebi mxolod
sporadulad daismis da xelisuflebasac
ZaluZs upasuxos
moTxovnebs, samoqalaqo da
saxelisuflebo gavlenebs
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

Soris am sakiTxebis gaCeniT
stimulirebuli wonasworoba
SeiZleba SenarCundes. Cveulebriv
viTarebaSi moqalaqeebs,
wesisamebr, naklebad ainteresebT,
ras akeTeben saxelisuflebo
gadawyvetilebaTa
mimRebni, xolo es ukanasknelni
moqmedebis TavisuflebiT
imgvarad sargebloben,
rogorc es maT miaCniaT saWirod.
magram, roca romelime
sakiTxi zedapirze amodis,
Tanamdebobis pirebs moqalaqeebi
meti moTxovniT mimar-
Taven. Tuki xelisuflebas
ZaluZs upasuxos moTxovnebs,
politikuri cxovreba normalur
kalapots ubrundeba.
metic, es cikli, romelic
moqalaqeebis gaaqtiurebiT,
elitebis pasuxisa da politikisgan
moqalaqeebis xelaxali
distancirebiT ikvreba,
Seicavs tendencias demokratiisTvis
aucilebeli winaaRmdegobebi
gaaZlieros. yoveli
aseTi ciklisas moqalaqeebs
uZlierdebaT sakuTari gavlenis
gancda; imavdroulad
sistema cdilobs axal moTxovnebs
moergos da amgvarad
axdens efeqturobis demonstrirebas.
xolo loialurobas,
rasac, erTi mxriv, monawileoba
da, meore mxriv, xelisuflebis
efeqturi qmedeba
iwvevs, mTlianobaSi ufro
stabiluri SeuZlia gaxados
sistema.
monawileobis es ciklebi mniSvnelovani
saSualebaa aqtiurobasa
da pasiurobas Soris
dabalansebuli winaaRmdegobis
SesanarCuneblad. rogorc
gamudmebuli Cabmuloba da
aqtiuroba, ganpirobebuli
yuradRebis centrSi moxved-
rili sadiskusio sakiTxebiT,
saboloo jamSi, gaarTulebda
balansis dacvas, aseve imave
Sedegs gamoiRebda CarTulobisa
da aqtiurobis sruli
mineleba. xangrZlivi balansi
mxolod maSin SeiZleba iyos
daculi, Tu aqtiurobasa da
pasiurobas Soris manZili
zRvars ar gadadis. Tuki adamianis
politikuri SesaZleblobebisadmi
rwmena drodadro
ar iqna gamyarebuli, is,
savaraudod, daikargeba kidec.
meore mxriv, Tuki es rwmena
mxolod da mxolod ritualur
saxes SeiZens, igi gavlenis
potenciur wyarod da gadawyvetilebis
mimRebTa Sekavebis
saSualebad veRar gamodgeba.
aqamde Cven moqalaqeebisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli aqtiurobisa
da pasiurobis gamawonasworebel
gzebze vmsjelobdiT.
magram amgvari wonasworoba
aramarto arsebuli poziciebiT
myardeba, aramed politikuri
procesis monawileTa
gansxvavebul tipebs Soris am
poziciebis gadanawilebiTac:
erT nawils sjera sakuTari
kompetenturobis, meores _
ara; zogierTi aqtiuria,
zogi _ pasiuri. warmodgenebsa
da aqtiurobis xarisxs
Soris aseTi ganSla, amavdroulad,
xelSemwyobi faqtoria
Zalasa da pasuxismgeblobas
Soris balansis gasamyareblad.
es TvalsaCino gaxdeba,
Tu balansis dacvis zemoT
aRweril meqanizms gavaanalizebT:
romeliRac sakiTxi
simwvaves iZens da Zlierdeba
aqtiuroba, xolo xelisuflebis
pasuxiT, romelic simZafres
acxrobs, isev xdeba balansis
aRdgena. erTi mizezi, ris
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
43
solidaroba
gamoc romelime sakiTxis
mniSvnelobis gamwvavebasa da
politikuri aqtiurobis
gazrdas politikuri sistemis
gadawva ar mosdevs, isaa, rom
ama Tu im problemis mniSvneloba
yvela moqalaqisTvis
erTdroulad da Tanabrad
metismetad iSviaTad Tu iwevs
xolme maRla. realoba ufro
ase gamoiyureba: calkeuli
jgufebi politikuri aqtivobis
gazrdis demonstrirebas
axdenen, maSin, roca danarCeni
moqalaqeebi inertulni rCebian.
amitomac samoqalaqo aqtivobis
moculoba yovel konkretul
drosa da sivrceSi
arc imdenad izrdeba, rom
sistema moiSalos.
yvelaferi, rac zemoT iTqva,
Cveulebrivi moqalaqeebis
poziciaTa Sesaxeb arsebul
monacemebzea dafuZnebuli.
magram meqanizmi, romlis arsebobis
postulirebac movaxdineT,
qmedunariani rom iyos,
araelitebis poziciebs elitebis
poziciebic unda daematos.
saWiroa gadawyvetilebis
mimRebsac swamdes demokratiuli
miTi _ sjerodes,
rom Cveulebrivi moqalaqeebi
unda monawileobdnen politikaSi
da realur gavlenas
flobdnen. Tuki xelisufali
moqalaqis rolis Sesaxeb am
azrs iziarebs, maSin misi
gadawyvetilebebi saxelisuflebo
Zalasa da pasuxismgeblobas
Soris balanss ar daar-
Rvevs.
meore mxriv, gadawyvetilebis
mimRebs SeuZlia Tavisi arCevanisda
mixedviT moqmedeba,
vinaidan Cveulebrivi moqalaqe
mis kars muStebs ar uSens

#2(29)
moTxovniT, rom man raime
moimoqmedos. xelisufals
moqalaqis inertuloba icavs.
magram Tuki gadawyvetilebis
mimRebi iziarebs moqalaqis
potenciuri gavlenis rwmenas,
misi moqmedebis Tavisufleba
SeizRudeba imiT, rasac is am
SemTxvevaSi iTvaliswinebs:
Tu moqalaqeTa survilis
Seusabamod imoqmedeb, maSin
kars muStebis braxuniT CamoiReben.
metic, Tuki oficialuri
piri im azrzea, rom
gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi
Cveulebrivi adamianic unda
Caebas, am SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgeblobiT
moqmedebas mas
imis rwmenac aiZulebs, rom
moqalaqeTa amgvari gavlena
kanonieri da gamarTlebulia.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Cveni
monacemebidan es daskvna pirdapir
ar gamomdinareobs,
gvaqvs varaudis safuZveli,
rom politikuri elitebi
araelitebis politikur
struqturas iTaviseben, rom
sazogadoebaSi, sadac arsebobs
samoqalaqo kultura,
isini, araelitebis kvaldakval,
maTTan dakavSirebul poziciebs
emxrobian. saboloo
jamSi, elitebi araelitebTan
erTad erTi da igive politikuri
sistemis nawils warmoadgenen
da maT didwilad
politikuri socializaciis
erTnairi gza aqvT gavlili.
analizic gviCvenebs, rom politikur
da sazogadoebriv liderebs,
iseve, rogorc maRali
statusis mqone moqalaqeebs,
ufro meti mzaoba aqvT,
gaiziaron demokratiuli normebi,
vidre dabali socialuri
statusis mqone moqalaqeebs.
elitebis poziciaTa kvlevas
kidev erTi meqanizmis arse-
Solidarität
samoqalaqo kultura
bobis gamovlenamde mivyavarT.
es meqanizmi SesaZlebels
xdis gaZlierdes pasuxismgebloba
maSin, roca aqtiuroba
da Cabmuloba umniSvneloa.
moqalaqis gavlena araTu
yovelTvis, umetes SemTxvevaSic
ki ar warmoadgens stimuls,
romelsac pasuxi mosdevs
(moqalaqe an jgufi moqalaqeebisa
wamowevs moTxovnas
_ saxelisuflebo elita
ki misi dakmayofilebis mizniT
moqmedebas iwyebs). aq ufro
`mosalodneli reaqciis~ kargad
cnobili kanoni muSaobs.
saxelisuflebo elitaze samoqalaqo
gavlenis faqtori
xSirad aqtiuri qmedebis gareSec
axdens gavlenas. metic,
moqalaqeTa gaazrebuli miswrafebis
gareSec ki xdeba
xolme zemoqmedeba. elitas
savaraudo moTxovnebisa da
qmedebis ganWvreta da amisdakvalad
sapasuxo nabijis
gadadgma SeuZlia. elita
pasuxismgeblobiT imitom ki
ar moqmedebs, rom moqalaqeebi
amas aqtiurad moiTxoven,
aramed imitom, rom maT gaaqtiurebis
sababi ar misces.
ase rom, samoqalaqo kulturis
sazRvrebSi sulac ar aris
aucilebeli individi racionaluri
da aqtiuri moqalaqe
iyos. misi aqtiurobis tipi
ufro Sereuli xasiaTisaa da
Serbilebulia. es mas SesaZleblobas
uqmnis garkveuli
xarisxis kompetenturoba,
Cabmuloba da aqtiuroba
SeuTavsos pasiurobasa da Caubmelobas.
ufro metic, xelisuflebasTan
misi damokidebuleba
wmindad racionaluri
ar aris, radgan maTi (moqalaqisa
da gadawyvetilebis
mimRebTa) urTierTmimarTeba
44
}'vh'mksr
Seicavs imas, rasac Cven moqalaqis
kompetenturobis
demokratiuli miTi vuwodeT.
rac ginda vTqvaT, amgvari
miTis arsebobas mniSvnelovani
Sedegebi moaqvs. upirveles
yovlisa es marto miTi
rodia: moqalaqis potenciuri
gavlenis rwmenas garkveuli
safuZvlebi aqvs da is realur
qceviT potencialze
migvaniSnebs. rac mTavaria,
imisgan damoukideblad, Seesabameba
es miTi sinamdviles
Tu ara _ misi swamT.
emociebis marTvis unari
arsebobs ramdenime mizezi,
romelTa gamo pragmatizmi an
grZnobaTa siWarbe ki ara, swored
pragmatuli da emociuri
orientaciebis balansia aucilebeli
demokratiis efeqturi
funqcionirebisTvis.
pirvel yovlisa, politikur
momxres rom daeyrdno, igi
emociisgan mTlianad daclili
ar unda iyos. s. lifsetis
daskvniT, politikuri sistemisadmi
loialoba, Tuki mas
mxolod da mxolod pragmatuli
mosazrebebi asazrdoebs,
erTob myife iqneba, ramdenadac
igi metismetadaa sistemis
funqcionirebis xarisxze
damokidebuli. xangrZlivi
stabilurobisTvis sistema
politikur momxreebs saWiroebs.
sistemisadmi mxardaWera
ufro zogadi xasiaTis mimar-
Tebas efuZneba, romelic
SeiZleba daxasiaTdes rogorc
`sistemuri grZnoba~. g.
ekSteinis mosazrebas Tu gavimeorebT,
SegviZlia SevniSnoT,
rom mxolod pragmatuli,
araemociuri monawileoba
oportunistuli politikis
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

gatarebas ganapirobebs xolme,
romelsac arcTu iSviaTad
cinizmamde mivyavarT.
meore mxriv, Tu politikas-
Tan an konkretul jgufTan
emociuri mibma zomaze metad
Zlierdeba, aman SeiZleba dam-
Rupveli Sedegi moutanos
demokratias. pirvel yovlisa,
politikaSi Zlieri emociuri
monawileoba aqtiurobasa da
pasiurobas Soris balanss
uqmnis safrTxes, vinaidan am
balansis SenarCuneba imazea
damokidebuli, Tu ramdenad
did mniSvnelobas aniWeben
politikas. garda amisa, Zlieri
politikuri `CaWideba~ `politikuri
fsonebis~ awevas iwvevs,
rac xelsayrel niadags umzadebs
mesianistur masobriv
moZraobebs, romlebic arRveven
demokratiis stabilurobas.
metic, gamZafrebuli
emociuri damokidebulebis
Sedegebi damRupveli im SemTxvevaSic
SeiZleba gaxdes, roca
is mTel sistemasTan da legitimur
elitasTanaa dakavSirebuli,
da maSinac, roca ama
Tu im jgufs miemarTeba. cxadia,
rom calkeul politikur
partiebTan da jgufebTan
metismetad Zlieri mijaWva,
sistemis fragmentizaciis
meSveobiT, destabilizaciis
faqtoria. magram maSinac Tu
es jaWvebi politikur sistemasTan
da legitimur elitas-
Tanaa gabmuli, Sedegebi
albaT arasasurveli iqneba.
garkveuli xarisxiT mainc
rom SeZlon moqalaqeebma
politikuri elitebis kontroli,
maTi erTguleba sistemisa
da elitebisadmi
saboloo da upirobo ar unda
iyos. garda amisa, samoqalaqo
kultura, moqalaqis rolTan
erTad, mrevlis ufro tradiciuli
rolis SenarCunebasac
gulisxmobs. politikis miRma
arsebuli samoqmedo sferos
SenarCuneba erTob mniSvnelovan
faqtors warmoadgens
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu samoqalaqo
kulturis dabalansebuli
gavlenisken miviwevT.
aqedan gamomdinare, politikaSi
monawileoba arc instrumentaluri
da arc mxolod
emociuri ar unda iyos. adamianma
amisgan rogorc pragmatuli,
aseve emociuri dakmayofileba
unda miiRos. sabolood
ki imis Tqma SeiZleba,
rom politikaSi dabalansebuli
monawileoba mxolod
warmatebuli demokratiebis
samoqalaqo kulturisTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli.
Taxmoba da uTanxmoeba
socialuri ndobisa da
TanamSromlobis, rogorc
samoqalaqo kulturis komponentis,
mniSvneloba SeuZlebelia
saTanadod ar iqnes
Sefasebuli. garkveuli azriT,
es umTavresi rezervuaria,
saidanac demokratiuli wyoba
iRebs funqcionirebis unars.
konstituciebis Semqmnelebma
politikuri cxovrebis formaluri
struqturebi gamoigones,
romlebic ndobis
gamomwvevi qcevis gaZlierebiskenaa
mowodebuli. magram
realuri ndobis gareSe msgavsi
institutebi, Cans, didad
ar fasobs. socialuri ndoba
moqalaqeTa politikur Tanam-
Sromlobas uwyobs xels. amgvari
TanamSromlobis gareSe ki
demokratiuli politika,
ubralod, ar SeiZleba arse-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
45
solidaroba
bobdes. socialuri ndoba,
savaraudod, moqalaqeebsa da
politikur elitas Soris
urTierTobebis nawils Seadgens.
Cven ukve vTqviT, rom
demokratia elitebis Zalauflebis
SenarCunebas moiTxovs.
axla amas unda davamatoT
isic, rom politikuri elitasadmi
ndobis SegrZneba, imis
rwmena, rom is mtruli da
gare Zala ki ara, imave politikuri
sazogadoebis nawilia,
moqalaqeebs misTvis Zalauflebis
gadasacemad ganawyobs.
amasTanave, zogadnacionaluri
miznebis arseboba amcirebs
safrTxes, rom ama Tu im politikur
jgufTan emociuri
mijaWva politikur fragmentacias
gamoiwvevs.
zemoTqmuli safuZvels gviqmnis
imis gasagebadac, rom
demokratiul sistemaSi kidev
erTi balansi unda iyos daculi
_ wonasworoba Tanxmobasa
da uTanxmoebas Soris. t. parsonss
rom davesesxoT, sazogadoeba
`SezRudulad unda
iyos polarizebuli~. Tu ar
aris Tanxmoba, politikuri
debatebis (rac demokratiul
procesTanaa asocirebuli)
mSvidobianad dasrulebis
Sansi naklebia. Tuki, magali-
Tad, saxelisuflebo elita
CaTvlis, rom opoziciuri
elita zedmetad saxifaToa,
mmarTveli elitis statusis
mosapoveblad wamowyebul
brZolaSi is mSvidobian konkurencias
Znelad Tu dauSvebs.
samoqalaqo kulturaSi Tanxmobasa
da uTanxmoebas Soris
balansis SenarCunebas is
meqanizmi emsaxureba, romelic
aqtiurobasa da pasiurobas

#2(29)
Soris balansis faqtoris analogiuria:
Seusabamoba normasa
da qcevas Soris. es mxolod
erT-erTi gzaa, riTac
samoqalaqo kultura sazogadoebaSi
arsebul uTanxmoebebs
aTvinierebs. mTlianobaSi
am process Tan sdevs
konfliqtebis politikuri
Srisadmi damorCileba,
ganpirobebuli ufro Rrma da
yovlismomcveli orientaciiT
`erTobaze~ _ iqneba es
`TamaSis demokratiul weseb-
Tan~ dakavSirebuli normebi
Tu rwmena, rom sazogadoeba-
Si arsebobs solidaroba, rac
politikuri Tanamoazreobis
kriteriumebs ki ara, partiul
interesebze maRla dgomas
efuZneba.
xsenebuli balansi rogorc
moqalaqeebis, aseve elitebis
donezec unda iyos daculi.
magaliTad, aSS-sa da didi
britaneTis sakanonmdeblo
organoebSi etiketis rTuli,
formaluri da araformaluri
saxeebi aramarto waaxaliseben,
aramed moiTxoven kidec
erTmaneTTan opoziciurad
ganwyobili partiebis wevrTa
Soris megobrul urTier-
Tobas (an Tundac saubrisas
keTilganwyobas). es garkveulwilad
`akeTilSobilebs~
mxolod politikur momxreebze
orientirebulobas, rac,
ra Tqma unda, sulac ar niSnavs,
rom amiT `Cvenianebisadmi~
erTguleba knindeba _ is,
ubralod, adamianuri urTierTobebis
ufro zogadi normebis
meSveobiT dasaSveb
farglebSi eqceva.
Sesajameblad SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom samoqalaqo kulturis
yvelaze mkafio Tvisebas misi
Solidarität
samoqalaqo kultura
xasiaTis mravalgvarovneba
warmoadgens. pirvel yovlisa,
igi mrevlis, qveSevrdomisa
da moqalaqis orientaciebis
nazavia. pirvelad kavSirebze
mrevlis orientacia, qveSevrdomis
pasiuri politikuri
pozicia da moqalaqis aqtiuroba
samoqalaqo kulturaSi
erTmaneTs Seerwya. amis
Sedegad miviReT damorCilebuli
an dabalansebuli politikuri
orientaciebis mTeli
wyeba: masSi aris politikuri
aqtiuroba, magram arc imdenad
farTo, rom SesaZlebeli
gaxdes saxelisuflebo Zalauflebis
morRveva; aris monawileobac
da erTgulebac,
magram _ pragmatuli; aris
uTanxmoebebic, magram _ zomieri
xasiaTisa. amas garda,
politikuri orientaciebi,
romlebic samoqalaqo kulturas
qmnis, mWidrod ukav-
Sirdeba zogadsocialur da
pirovnul orientaciebs.
samoqalaqo kulturis farglebSi
pirovnuli urTierTobebis
normebi, saerTo da
sakuTari socialuri garemosadmi
ndobiT msWvalavs politikur
poziciebs da arbilebs
maT. samoqalaqo kulturis-
Tvis damaxasiaTebeli poziciebis
aRreva mravali parametriT
yvelaze ukeT miesadageba
iseT Sereul politikur
sistemas, rogoricaa
demokratia.
samoqalaqo kulturis
wyaroebi
saxelmwifo moRvaweni, romlebic
politikuri demokratiis
Seqmnisken iswrafian, xSirad
Zalisxmevis koncentracias
demokratiuli samTav-
46
}'vh'mksr
robo institutebis formaluri
nakrebisa da konstituciis
SemuSavebaze axdenen.
isini politikuri partiebis
formirebazec amaxvileben
yuradRebas, raTa masebi
monawiloebisaTvis ganawyon.
magram efeqturi da stabiluri
demokratiuli wyobisTvis
ufro metia saWiro, vidre es
politikuri da mmarTvelobiTi
struqturebia. misi ganviTareba
orientaciebzea damokidebuli,
romlebic adamianebs
politikur procesTan
dakavSirebiT uyalibdebaT.
Tuki moqalaqeebs politikuri
sistemis mxardaWeris Zala
ar SeswevT, am ukanasknelis
warmatebis Sansi metismetad
sustia.
samoqalaqo kultura demokratiuli
kulturis erTaderTi
forma ar aris, magram
igi misi iseTi nairsaxeobaa,
romelic, rogorc iTqva, yvelaze
maRali xarisxiT Seesatyviseba
stabilur demokratiul
sistemas. amitom ar
iqneboda urigo gvenaxa, samoqalaqo
kultura rogor gadaecema
Taobidan Taobas. pirveli,
rac amasTan dakavSirebiT
SeiZleba iTqvas, is aris, rom
mas, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT,
skolaSi ar aswavlian. aSS-Si
samoqalaqo swavleba qcevis
iseT tipzea aqcentirebuli,
romelic samoqalaqo kulturaze
metad mis racionaluraqtivistur
modelTanaa daaxloebuli.
aRniSnuli qcevis
tipi samoqalaqo kulturis
mniSvnelovan komponents
warmoadgens, magram is mxolod
da mxolod komponentia
_ meti araferi. did britaneTSi,
romlis politikuri
kultura erTob mimgvanebu-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

lia samoqalaqo kulturas,
Cven TiTqmis ver vxvdebiT
aSkara mcdelobas, rom bav-
Svebs samoqalaqo kulturas-
Tan asocirebuli qcevis normebis
sistema Caunergon. arc
imis danergva xdeba, rasac
aqtivistur-racionaluri
modeli vuwodeT. britaneT-
Si, faqtobrivad, ar arsebobs
mkafiod formulirebuli
Teoria `kargi britaneli
moqalaqis~ raobis Sesaxeb;
arc raime saxelmZRvanelo
principi _ rogor moamzado
bavSvi moqalaqeobisaTvis. es
sulac ar gulisxmobs, rom
skolaSi samoqalaqo kulturis
gamosamuSaveblad uSualo
swavleba arafers niSnavs _
Cven ufro imisken vixrebiT,
rom misi roli meorexarisxovania.
gasakviri ar aris, rom samoqalaqo
kultura mxolod pirdapiri
swavlebiT ar gadaicema.
misi Semadgeneli orientaciebi
da qcevebi rTulad
da abneuladaa urTierTSerwymuli,
vinaidan esaa kultura,
romelic, garkveulwilad,
araTanmimdevrulobiTa da
gawonasworebuli winaaRmdegobebiT
xasiaTdeba.
samoqalaqo kulturis erTerTi
umniSvnelovanesi nawili
is poziciebia, romlebic
sxvisadmi ndobas ukavSirdebian
_ mravalplastiani, zogjer
winaaRmdegobebis Semcveli
kompleqsi, rac erTob
Znelia pirdapiri swavlebis
meSveobiT iqnes gaziarebuli.
maS, rogorRa gadaecema samoqalaqo
kultura Taobidan
Taobas?
dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxs politikur
socializaciaSi vpo-
ulobT. samoqalaqo kulturis
gadacemis procesi rTulia
da socialur institutebSi
_ ojaxSi, TanatolTa
jgufSi, skolaSi, samsaxurSi,
agreTve politikur sistema-
Si _ gawvrTnas moicavs. am
institutebSi mopovebuli
gamocdilebis tipebi urTierTgansxvavebulia.individebi
mizanmimarTuli swavliT,
magaliTad, specialur gakve-
Tilebze samoqalaqo safuZvlebis
gacnobiT, politikur
orientacias iZenen; magram
isini maSinac swavloben,
roca politikur gamocdilebas
waawydebian, rac sulac
ar aris saimisod gamiznuli,
rom misi meSveobiT raime
Seiswavlo, _ magaliTad,
bavSvi ismens rogor davoben
politikur sakiTxebze
mSoblebi anda politikuri
sistemis subieqtebis qcevas
adevnebs Tvals. politikuri
orientaciebis swavleba da
ganviTareba mizanmiumarTavi
da Tavisi xasiaTiT arapolitikuric
SeiZleba iyos, rogorc
es xdeba im dros, roca
individi Zalauflebis Sesaxeb
Seityobs ojaxis an skolis
saZalauflebo struqturebSi
monawileobis Sedegad, an,
roca is ufrosebTan Tavisi
adreuli kontaqtebis wyalobiT
igebs, imsaxureben Tu ara
adamianebi ndobas.
politikuri socializaciis
aseTi mravalwaxnagianoba
SesaniSnav SesaZleblobas
gvTavazobs CavwvdeT im
Taviseburebebs, romlebzec
dafuZnebulia samoqalaqo
kultura. rakiRa swavlebis
esa Tu is saxe mkafiod gamoxatuli
ar aris, orientaciuli
winaaRmdegobebi SeiZleba
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
47
solidaroba
SeumCneveli darCes. politikuri
swavleba erTdroulad
ramdenime arxiT xorcieleba
da, Sesabamisad, adamians
politikuri kulturis ama
Tu im aspeqtis aRqma sxvadasxva
wyarodan SeuZlia. swavlebis
amgvari xasiaTi SesaZlebels
xdis im daZabulobis
maqsimalur ganmuxtvas, romelic
gaCndeboda, Tuki
aqtiurobisa da pasiurobis
orientaciebi (rogorc samoqalaqo
kulturaSi Semaval
politikur mimarTebaTa
winaaRmdegobriobis erTi
nimuSi) erTi da igive wyarodan
iqneboda aRmocenebuli.
ase da amgvarad, ojaxisa da
skolis cxovrebaSi piradi
monawilebiT, iseve, rogorc
politikuri monawileobis
normebis aRqmis Sedegad,
bavSvi, savaraudod, swavlobs,
rom igi gadawyvetilebis
miRebis realur Tanamonawiled
SeiZleba iqces. imavdroulad
ojaxsa da skolaSi
ierarqiul ZalauflebasTan
gardauvali Sexeba sakuTar
politikur garemocvaze dominirebis
ganwyobas asustebs.
analogiurad, is, rac politikuri
aqtiurobisa da
idealizmis aucileblobis
Sesaxebaa wignebSi amokiTxuli,
ufrosebis faqtobriv politikur
qcevasa da orientaciebze
dakvirvebiT dabalansdeba.
bavSvobisas gamomuSavebuli
es nairgvari orientaciebi,
politikasTan Semdgomi
Sexebis uSualo gamocdilebis
gavleniT, kidev daeqvemdebareba
modifikacias.
politikaSi monawileobasTan
dakavSirebuli molodinebi
da normebi, urTierTqmedeba-
Si mova monawileobis im faqtobriv
SesaZleblobebTan,

#2(29) samoqalaqo kultura
romlebsac politikuri sistema
gvTavazobs, im azrTan
da mniSvnelobasTan, rasac
adamiani Tavad aniWebs ama Tu
im sakiTxs, da im moTxovneb-
Tan, romlebic sxva rolebis
Sesrulebidan gamomdinare
dgeba mis winaSe.
politikuri socializacia
didwilad adamianze samoqalaqo
kulturisa da uSualod
demokratiuli saxelmwifos
pirdapir zemoqmedebamde
daiyvaneba. yoveli axali Taoba
winamorbedi Taobebis politikur
orientaciebsa da qcevas
aRiqvams da, Sesabamisad,
samoqalaqo kulturiT imsWvaleba.
is, rac TaobebSi samoqalaqo
kulturis gadacemis Sesaxeb
iTqva, umTavresad ukavSirdeba
erebs, romlebsac amgvari
kultura ukve aqvT. axal saxelmwifoebs,
saimisod, rom
samoqalaqo kultura ganavi-
Taron, jer misi Seqmna mouwevT.
rogor aris es SesaZlebeli?
am kiTxvaze pasuxi
scdeba Cveni kvlevis sazRvrebs.
magram samoqalaqo kulturis
zogierTi Tavisebureba
da im qveynebis politikuri
istoria, romlebSic amgvari
kultura Camoyalibda,
uflebas gvaZlevs ori mosazreba
gamovTqvaT. pirvel yovlisa,
dasavleTis qveynebSi
samoqalaqo kulturis gaCena
SedarebiT ukriziso, mSvidi
da bunebrivi, Tanmimdevruli
politikuri ganviTarebis Sedegi
iyo. da meore: is Serwymis
procesSi iqmneboda: poziciebis
axali tipebi Zvelebs
ki ar devnidnen, aramed
uzavdebodnen maT.
Solidarität
mizezebi, romelTa gamo istoriuli
ganviTarebis amgvari
modeli samoqalaqo kulturis
gaCenas uwyobda xels,
aSkaraa. samoqalaqo kultura
xom zomierebis politikuri
kulturaa. igi politikis
48
}'vh'mksr
Temebis cnobas moiTxovs,
magram es Temebi Ceulebrivi
adamianis gansakuTrebuli
yuradRebisa da interesis
sagans ar warmoadgens; igi
gulisxmobs politikaSi Cabmas,
magram monawileobis xa-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

isxi maRali ar aris. Tavs
uflebas vaZlevT vamtkicoT,
rom msgavsi politikuri
poziciebi mxolod SedarebiT
mSvidi politikuri ganviTarebis
pirobebSi SeiZleba aRmocendes,
anu iq, sadac poli-
tikuri fsonebi sakmarisad
maRalia, raTa ufro da ufro
met adamians edos politikur
procesSi Tavisi wili, magram
arc imdenad maRali, rom moqalaqe
sakuTari interesebis
dasacavad aiZulos politi-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
49
solidaroba
kaSi ise `gadaeSvas~, rogorc
saxifaTo oponentTan omSi.
ufro rTulia orientaciebis
Serwymis gziT ganviTarebis
mizezebis gageba, Tumca eWvs
ar iwvevs, rom maT samoqalaqo
kulturis bunebaSi aqvT fesvebi
gadgmuli. es Sereuli kultura,
romelic mrevlis, qve-
Sevrdomisa da monawilis orientiaciebs
aerTianebs, imgvarad
unda ganviTarebuliyo,
rom axali mimarTeba _ orientacia
politikur monawileobaze
_ or ufro Zvel tips
Serwymoda, magram ise, rom ar
gaeriya da ganedevna isini.
rogorc davinaxeT, amgvari
Serwymis ori aspeqti arsebobs.
erTi mxriv, tradiciuli Zalauflebis
gafantul tipTan
dakavSirebul orientaciebs
mTlianad ar enacvleba politikuri
orientaciis axali,
ufro diferencirebuli tipi.
meore mxriv ki, monawilis
ufro aqtiuri roli mrevlisa
da qveSevrdomis ufro pasiur
rolebs ar cvlis. amis Sedegia
samoqalaqo kulturis is
forma, romelsac aSS-sa da
did britaneTSi vxvdebiT, sadac
politikuri sistema yovlismomcveli
socialuri faseulobebiTaa
gajerebuli.
saimisod, rom es urTierT-
Sezaveba ar Sewydes, Tanamedrove
politikis ganviTarebam
(misTvis damaxasiaTebeli funqcionaluri,
specializebuli
politikuri erTeulebiTa da
politikuri konkurenciis
struqturirebuli tipiT) ar
unda SeiZinos iseTi formebi,
romlebsac Tavdapirveli er-
Tobis Sesusteba SeeZlebaT.
es ufro Zveli orientaciebi

#2(29)
Tanamedrove sistemaSi unda
iqnes gadmotanili.
msgavsadve, saimisod, rom samoqalaqo
kultura aRmocendes,
politikuri demokratiis ganviTarebam,
rasac Tan sdevs
gadawyvetilebis miRebis
procesSi monawileobis SesaZleblobaTa
gafarToeba, mTlianad
ar anda moSalos qveSevrdomis
orientacia. politikuri
gadawyvetilebis miRebis
axali gza _ moqalaqeebis
Tanamonawileoba _ marTvis
procesis Zvel meTods ki ar
cvlis, aramed avsebs mas.
albaT ase SeiZleba Seiqmnas
aqtiurobisa da pasiurobis
nazavi, riTac samoqalaqo
kultura xasiaTdeba.
samoqalaqo kulturis
momavali
orientaciebis SerwmiT samoqalaqo
kultura, Cveulebriv,
Tanmimdevrulad maSin viTardeba
xolme, rodesac politikuri
sistemis winaSe arsebuli
problemebis mogvareba
droSi aris gawelili. axlad
warmoqmnili esa Tu is jgufi
sruli monawilebis SesaZleblobis
mopovebisken miiwevs,
magram es procesi xangrZlivia
da nabij-nabij xorcieldeba.
politikuri cvlilebebis
aseTi Tanmimdevruloba
britanuli da (SedarebiT
naklebad) amerikuli politikuri
istoriisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.
problema, rasac
axali saxelmwifoebi awydebian,
isaa, rom maT arc Tanmimdevruli
ganviTarebis gamocdileba
da arc saamiso obieqturi
pirobebi ar gaaCniaT.
am qveynebSi politikaSi
Solidarität
samoqalaqo kultura
CarTvis moTxovnas yvelaze
radikalurad xSirad isini
gamoxataven xolme, visac
axlo warsulSi mrevlis
pasiuri roli akmayofilebda.
socialuri cvlilebebiT
gamowveuli yvela umsxvilesi
problema ki aq erTdroulad
moiTxovs gadawyvetas. da, rac
albaT yvelaze ufro Znelia,
nacionaluri sazRvrebis Semowerac
da identobis formirebac
erTsa da imave period-
Si unda ganxorcieldes.
marTalia, neli politikuri
ganviTareba samoqalaqo
kulturisTvis xelsayrelia,
magram swored dro, ase
aucilebeli rom aris
Tanmimdevrobis dacvisTvis,
ara aqvT axal saxelmwifoebs.
es qveynebi xanmokle drois
ganmavlobaSi imis gakeTebas
cdiloben, rasac dasavleTma
aswleulebi moandoma. miznis
misaRwevad SesaZlebelia Tu
ara urTierSerwymaze damyarebuli
Tanmimdevruli socialuri
cvlilebebis magivrad
raime sxva meqanizmi iqnas
gamonaxuli? mocemul kiTxvaze
pirdapiri pasuxi ar arsebobs
da es Tema mxolod da
mxolod fantaziis sferos
unda mivakuTvnoT. Tuki ram
gamomdinareobs Cveni kvlevidan,
pirvel yovlisa is,
rom politikuri kulturis
ganviTarebis martivi, demokratiisTvis
gamosadegi formula
ar moipoveba. amis miuxedavad
Cven ramdenime
daskvna mainc gamovitaneT,
romlebic SesaZloa, gansaxilvel
sakiTxze msjelobisas
gamogvadges.
dro mniSvnelovania, magram
SesaZlebelia Tu ara swavle-
50
}'vh'mksr
bis gza mis saukeTeso Semcvlelad
iqnas gamoyenebuli?
Cveni monacemebi gviCvenebs,
rom ganaTleba aris mniSvnelovani
faqtori, romelic
politikur poziciebs gansazRvravs.
swavlebis sagrZnobi
upiratesoba isaa, rom
unarebs, romelTa gamomuSavebas
dasavleTi wlebs andomebda,
axla ufro martivad
nergaven, radgan ukve arseboben
am unarebis mqone adamianebi.
Cveni monacemebi mowmobs,
rom swavlebiT SesaZlebelia
samoqalaqo kulturis
mniSvnelovani komponentebi
ganviTardes, mas ZaluZs
politikuri monawileobis
unarebiT aRWurvos individi.
adamianebma SeiZleba iswavlon
saWiro informaciis
mopoveba; gaecnon masobrivi
informaciis saSualebebs;
miiRon codna formaluri
politikuri struqturebis
Sesaxeb da samTavrobo da
politikuri institutebis
daniSnulebasa da Sinaarszec
SeiZinon warmodgena. swavlebis
saSualebiT SeiZleba demokratiul
monawileobasa da
pasuxismgeblobasTan dakav-
SirebiT formulirebuli
normebic iqnas gadacemuli..
magram Cveni monacemebi imasac
gviCvenebs, rom swavlebiT
mxolod da mxolod samoqalaqo
kulturis calkeuli
komponentebis warmoqmna SeiZleba.
skola gvawvdis politikasTan
dakavSirebul SemecnebiT
unarebs, magram ramdenad
aqvs mas saimiso SesaZlebloba,
rom samoqalaqo
kulturis umniSvnelovanesi
komponentis _ socialuri
orientaciebis _ SemuSavebaSi
Seitanos wvlili? aris Tu
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

ara SesaZlebeli swavlebis
meSveobiT gaCndes socialuri
ndoba da pativiscema?
xelewifeba Tu ara specialur
ganaTlebas xeli Seuwyos politikuri
procesis socialuri
orientaciebiT gamsWvalvas?
an moaxerxebs Tu ara
swavlebis sistema gaavrcelos
aqtiurobisa da pasiurobis,
CarTulobisa da indiferentulobis
es ucnauri nazavi?
SeZlebs Tu ara igi ganapirobos
mrevlis, qveSevrdomisa
da monawilis orientaciebis
Serwyma? politikuri socializaciisa
da samoqalaqo
kulturis kavSiris Cveneuli
analizi, gvafiqrebinebs, rom
samoqalaqo kulturis am komponentebis
warmoqmnis kuTxiT
formaluri swavleba drois
faqtoris adekvatur Semcvlelad
ver gamodgeba formaluri
swavlebis procesis Sevsebis
erT-erTi gza SeiZleba
politikuri socializaciis
sxva arxebis ganviTareba gaxdes.
rogorc aRvniSnavdiT,
aseTi arxebis simravle xelsayrel
garemos qmnis poziciebis
Sereuli tipis danergvisTvis.
is politikur orientaciciebs
amravalferovnebs.
kidev ufro mniSvnelovania,
rom individis mier socializaciis
safexurebis gavlam
SeiZleba mas erTdroulad
ramdenime gansxvavebuli
rolis Sesruleba aswavlos.
es misi politikuri orientaciis
sistematizebisa da dabalansebis
SesaZleblobas warmoSobs.
erTdroulad ramdenime
rolis Sesrulebis unari
samoqalaqo kulturis Ziri-
Tad komponents warmoadgens.
socializaciis umniSvnelovanesi
areebia ojaxi, samuSao
adgili, Tavisufali asoci-
aciebi. msgavsi institutebis
saxecvlilebisa da ganviTarebis
kvaladakval, axal qveynebSi,
iq arsebuli socializaciis
arxebi, SesaZloa samoqalaqo
kulturis mimarTulebiT
gafarTovdes. imave xarisxiT,
ra xarisxiTac politikuri
procesisadmi ojaxi
ufro aqtiuri da Ria gaxdeba
(Cveni monacemebi mowmobs,
rom swored esaa modernizaciis
erT-erTi funqcia), gaCndeba
kidec orientaciebis
danergvis axali SesaZleblobebi.
analogiurad, socializaciis
arxebis gafarToeba
industrializaciis Tanamdevma
profesiulma cvlilebebmac
da Tavisufali asociaciebis
struqturis ganviTarebamac
SeiZleba gamoiwvios.
magram Cans, rom miznis misaRwevad
socializaciis arxebis
gaWra arasakmarisia. ra Tqma
unda, am gzebiT SeiZleba monawileobaze
orientirebuli
poziciebi gamomuSavdes,
magram maTi meSveobiT socialuri
ndobis warmoqmnisa da
sistemasTan emociuri CaWidebis
unaris gaCena eWvs badebs.
Tu, magaliTad, Semadgenel
nawilebad gaxleCil politikur
sistemaSia gaWrili es
arxebi, maSin maTi meSveobiT
am sistemisadmi gamomuSavebuli
damokidebuleba SeiZleba
sulac gaucxoeba aRmoCndes,
xolo pirovnuli urTierTndobis
politikuri ndobis
enaze Targmna ki sruliad
SeuZlebeli gaxdes. es imas
niSnavs, rom saWiroa garkveuli
procesi, romliTac individebs
saerTo politikuri
identobis grZnoba gauCndebaT,
romelic, erTi mxriv,
moqalaqeebs sistemisadmi
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
51
solidaroba
miimxrobda, meore mxriv ki,
sxva moqalaqeebTan identobis
grZnobiT gaaerTianebda.
monawileoba da SemecnebiTi
unarebi sakmarisi araa iseTi
politikuri sivrcis Sesaqmnelad,
sadac moqalaqeebi
erTmaneTs endobian, Tanam-
Sromlobis unari aqvT da Rrma
da emociuria politikur
sistemasTan damokidebuleba.
amgvarad, sakiTxavi isaa, monawileobis
unarTan erTad,
rac skolisa da socializaciis
sxva arxebis saSualebiT
SeiZleba warmoiSvas, rogor
unda ganviTardes politikuri
sistemisadmi emociuri
mimarTeba da politikuri er-
Tobis gancdac? am kiTxvaze
sapasuxod germaniisa da meqsikis
politikuri kulturis
modelebs unda mivmarToT.
gansaxilvel konteqstSi maTi
gamocdileba gansakuTrebiT
sainteresoa. germaniaSi politikurigaTvicnobierebulobis
xarisxi sakmaod maRalia.
magram sistemuri grZnoba da
moqalaqeTa urTierTanamSromlobis
unari SedarebiT
moikoWlebs. meqsikaSi saganmanaTleblo
da kognituri
komponentebi, marTalia, sustia,
magram sistemuri grZnobac
da moqalaqeobis, rogorc
meqsikelobis, gancda, germaniasTan
SedarebiT ufro metadaa
ganviTarebuli. es TviT-
Segneba politikur TanamSromlobas
an TanamSromlobisken
miswrafebas erwymis da sistemuri
grZnobis maRal dones
uzrunvelyofs. meqsikis istoriaSi
aris simboluri, moqalaqeTa
gamaerTianebeli movlena
_ meqsikuri revolucia.
is am qveynis politikuri kulturis
ganviTarebis gadamwy-

#2(29) samoqalaqo kultura
veti momentia, vinaidan misi
meSveobiT nacionaluri
identobis gancda da politikuri
sistemisadmi erTguleba
Camoyalibda.
axal saxelmwifoebSi samoqalaqo
kulturis Seqmnas das-
Wirdeba rogorc moqalaqeTa
gamaerTianebeli simboloebi
da sistemuri grZnoba, rac
meqsikas misma revoluciam
misca, aseve germaniisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli kognituri
da saganmanaTleblo unarebi.
am qveynebisTvis, aucilebelia
simbolur doneze raRac
movlenis an simbolod qceuli
qarizmatuli lideris
arseboba anda kidev sxva ram
saSualeba _ ndobisa da erTianobis
gancdis gasaCenad.
magram aseve didi mniSvneloba
aqvs ganaTlebis SesaZleblobaTa
gafarToebas, industriuli
cxovrebis reJims,
masobrivi informaciis saSualebebTan,
politikur partiebTan
da Tavisufal asociaciebTan
urTierTobis gamocdilebis
SeZenas. samoqalaqo
kulturis asamaRleblad
gadamwyveti iqneba isic, rom
xelisuflebam Tavisi movaleobebis
Sesruleba SeZlos.
rogorc germaniisa da meqsikis
magaliTi gviCvenebs, myari
politikuri ndobis ganviTareba
SesaZloa politikurma
sistemam gansazRvros (gansakuTrebiT
misi Camoyalibebis
stadiaze) im SemTxvevaSi,
Tuki mas eqneba mzaoba, aCvenos
Sedegebi, romlebic sistemis
wevrTa molodins Seesabameba.
mxolod ase SeiZleba
aRmocendes, ganviTardes da
SenarCunebul iqnes sistemisadmi
mxardaWeris mdgradi
da dabalansebuli grZnoba.
Solidarität
msoflios ganviTarebad regionebSi
efeqturi demokratiuli
procesis dawyebisa da
orientaciebis Camoyalibebis
mcdelobebTan dakavSirebuli
sirTuleebi, SeiZleba erTi
SexedviT dauZleveli Candes.
ra unda gakeTdes aq? migvaCnia,
rom axal qveynebSi erTdroulad
unda ganviTardes
nacionaluri identobis grZnoba,
kompetenturoba (rogorc
qveSevrdomis, aseve
monawilis aspeqtiT) da, aseve,
socialuri ndoba da samoqalaqo
TanamSromlobis unari.
am qveynebis elitebis gankargulebaSi
saamisod saSualebaTa
erTob mwiri da umniSvnelo
maragia, xolo maTi unari
swrafad da efeqturad gamoiyenon
es arsenali _ dasaz-
Rvrulia. garda amisa, maT winaSe
sxva amocanebic dgas, romelTa
gadaWra imave resursebs
moiTxovs. amdenad, Cven
ar gvaqvs arsebiTad imis ufleba,
rom ganvsajoT liderebi,
romlebic am mwir resursebs
socialuri sferos ganviTarebas,industrializaciasa
da soflis meurneobis
srulyofas axmaren. amitom
ver ganvikiTxavT maT verc
saprotesto moZraobebis Cax-
Sobisa da demokratiuli tendenciebis
ignorirebis gamo.
magram Cveni kvleva uflebas
gvaZlevs vamtkicoT, rom
SeniSvna
52
}'vh'mksr
modernizaciisadmi nebismieri
midgoma Tavis TavSi samoqalaqo
kulturis marcvlebs
Seicavs. modernizaciis romel
aspeqtsac ar unda mieni-
Wos upiratesoba, nebismier
SemTxvevaSi mkveTrad gaizrdeba
ganaTlebis moTxovnileba.
xolo ganaTlebis
donis amaRleba aucileblad
gamoiwvevs samoqalaqo kulturis
zogierTi komponentis
warmoqmnas. ganaTlebis sferoSi
politikis savaraudo
gaumjobeseba ki damatebiT
socialur dividendebs moitans.
didia imis albaTobac,
rom modernizaciisas sazogadoebis
im nawilis xvedri-
Ti wona moimatebs, romelic
qalaqur mewarmoebasTan aris
dakavSirebuli. urbanuli
tipis ojaxi, mewarme da Sesabamisi
saqmianoba Tavis TavSi
samoqalaqo potencialis
matarebelia.
da bolos, SegviZlia ganvacxadoT,
rom modernizaciis
gulisguli _ ganaTleba da
industrializacia, demokratiisTvis
aucilebel garemopirobebs
warmoqmnis. am SemTxvevaSi
ki sakiTxi Semdegnairad
daismeba: ra damatebiTi
Zalisxmeva, energia, resursebi
da fantaziis unaria saWiro,
rom amgvari tendenciebi
da SesaZleblobebi gaZlierdes?
da kidev: ra dajdeba yovelive
es?
g. almondisa da s. verbas wignSi politikuri kulturis sami
ZiriTadi tipia gamoyofili: mrevlis, romlis politikuri roli da
orientacia ar aris dakonkretebuli; qveSevrdomis, romlis
politikuri sistemisadmi damokidebuleba pasiuria, da monawilis,
romelic mkveTradaa orientirebuli mTlianad sistemaze da
aqtiuria. rogorc wignSia aRniSnuli, moqalaqe gulisxmobs
`monawilis~, `qveSevrdomisa~ da `mrevlis~ erTgvar jams, xolo
samoqalaqo kultura _ CamoTvlili sami orientaciis mTlianobas.
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

ufleba
Rirseba
adamianis uflebebsa da
TavisuflebebTan dakavSirebuli
ZiriTadi cnebebi
(Rirseba, Tavisufleba,
Tanasworoba)
fridon sayvareliZe
am werilis mizania mogiTxroT
im fundamentur cnebebsa da
Rirebulebebze, razedac dafuZnebulia
adamianis uflebebi,
romlebic werilis saTaurSia
gamotanili. Tumca manamde,
Cveni azriT, aucilebelia
ramdenime zogadi xasiaTis
ganmarteba. adamianis
uflebebi saxelmwifosagan
damoukideblad arsebobs,
misi wyaro ar aris saxelmwifo,
kanonmdebloba an sazogadoeba;
es uflebebi Tandayolilia.
isini gvekuTvnis
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
53
nawili I
`adamianTa ojaxis yvela wevrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
Rirsebis da Tanaswori da ganuyofeli uflebebis
aRiareba warmoadgens Tavisuflebis, samarTlianobisa
da sayovelTao mSvidobis safuZvels~.
adamianis uflebaTa deklaracia, preambula
`yvela adamiani ibadeba Tavisufali da Tavisi
RirsebiTa da uflebebiT Tanaswori. maT momadlebuli
aqvT goneba da sindisi da erTmaneTs Zmobis
suliskveTebiT unda epyrobodnen~.
adamianis uflebaTa deklaracia, muxli 1
solidaroba
Cven swored imitom, rom adamianebad
davibadeT. aqedan
gamomdinare araviTari mniSvneloba
ara aqvs, dafiqsirebulia
Tu ara es uflebebi
konstituciaSi Tu sxva sakanonmdeblo
aqtebSi, radganac
Cveni kuTvnili uflebebi da
Tavisuflebebi yvela konstituciasa
da kanonmdeblobaze
maRla dgas.
adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi
waruvali da uzenaesi
adamianuri Rirebule

#2(29)
bebia. isini zRudavs saxelmwifos
xelisuflebis ganxorcielebisas;
sxvanairad rom
vTqvaT, xelisuflebas imdeni
ufleba aqvs, ramdensac mas kanoni
aniWebs (SezRuduli Zalauflebis
principi), xolo adamians
aqvs yvelafris ufleba,
rasac kanoni ar ukrZalavs.
adamianis uflebebi ar aris
kavSirSi politikur procesebTan
(sxva saqmea, Tu rogor
iyeneben amas politikosebi),
isini politikuri procesis
gareT arsebul Rirebulebebs
exeba.
adamianis uflebebi ar aris
absoluturi; SeiZleba xdebodes
da xdeba kidec maTi
Selaxva sxva RirebulebaTa
sanacvlod. patimroba pirad
Tavisuflebas ewinaaRmdegeba,
rasizmis propagandis akrZalva
ki _ azris gamoTqmis Tavisuflebas;
policielTa da
gamomZiebelTa zogi qmedeba
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis
uflebas arRvevs da a.
S. magram mTavari is aris, rom
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi
SeWra TviTneburad ar xdeba
da winaswar gansazRvruli
viTarebiTa da Sesabamisi
samarTlebrivi proceduriTaa
SezRuduli.
demokratiul saxelmwifoSi
Tavad konstituciaSivea deklarirebuli
is pirobebi, rodesac
SesaZlebelia SeizRudos
adamianis uflebebi;
aqvea ganmartebuli sazogadoebisaTvis
prioritetuli
interesebis sanacvlod sakanonmdeblo
gziT romeli ufleba
SeiZleba SeizRudos da
ra xarisxiT. da, bolos, konstituciaSi
daTqmulia is
Solidarität
ufleba
gansakuTrebuli viTarebebi
da procedurebi, rodesac
sagangebo situaciebis dros
SesaZlebelia zogierTi uflebis
SeCereba. adamianis uflebaTa
fundamentaloba niSnavs,
rom am uflebaTagan TiToeul
gadaxras konstituciuri
gamarTleba unda hqondes.
adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi
mxolod da mxolod
adamianisa da saxelmwifos
urTierTobis sferos
miekuTvneba. amas adamianis
uflebaTa vertikalur moqmedebas
uwodeben. da Tumca
siyvaruli, ojaxi, megobrebi
an urTierToba mezoblebs
Soris mTel rig uflebaTa da
movaleobaTa wyaroa, adamianis
uflebaTa cneba maT mimarT
ar gamoiyeneba.
adamianis uflebebi individualuria
da ara koleqtiuri.
es adamianis uflebaTa sfero-
Si erT-erTi principuli da
fundamenturi sakiTxia. adamianis
uflebaTa subieqti adamiania,
amitomac ar SeiZleba
saubari umciresobaTa (rogorc
jgufis) uflebebis
Sesaxeb adamianis uflebaTa
CarCoebSi _ es politikis
enaa da misi sagania (koleqtiuri
uflebebis aseTi tipuri
magaliTia avtonomiis
Seqmnis ufleba). adamianis
uflebaTa CarCoebSi gulisxmoben
im pirTa uflebebs
cal-calke, romlebic erovnul
umciresobebs ganekuTvnebian,
invalidTa ara rogorc
jgufis uflebebs, aramed
TiToeuli invalidisa
cal-calke da a.S.
isic unda iTqvas, rom adamianis
uflebebi da demokratia
54
}'vh'mksr
erTi da igive ar aris. adamianis
uflebebi ver iZleva cxovrebiseuli
bednierebis, samarTlianobis,
TviT minimaluri
keTildReobis garantiebsac
ki; isini mxolod gvicaven
Cveni Rirsebis damcirebisa da
xelyofisagan da Tanac mxolod
erTi, magram yvelaze
Zlieri damrRvevis _ saxelmwifo
xelisuflebis mxridan.
adamianis uflebebis wyalobiT
adamiani inarCunebs Tavis
pirovnebas, Tavis ganumeoreblobas,
vinaidan, arc Cvenamde
da arc Cven Semdgom aravin
iqneba Cveni msgavsi, Cveni
piradi gamocdilebiT, mogonebebiT,
grZnobebiTa Tu azrebiT
(TiToeuli Cvenganis
ganumeoreblobisa da individualobis
pativismcemeli
saxelmwifo wyobis sapirispiroa
totalitaruli wyoba,
romelic cdilobs diqtatoris
mier Cafiqrebuli etalonis
_ `axali adamianis~ _ formirebas;
amgvar `idealur~ adamianebs
erTnairi azrebi aqvT,
erTnairad laparakoben da
erTnairad acviaT, erTnairad
fiqroben da erTnairad
adideben `mama-marCenals~).
Rirsebis cneba
Tu adamians ar SeuZlia imis
Tqma, rasac fiqrobs, an, gacilebiT
uaresi, Tu mas aiZuleben
Tqvas is, rasac ar eTanxmeba,
amiT Seuracxyofen mis
Rirsebas. Tu adamians dausabuTebel
uars eubnebian gadaadgilebis
Tavisuflebaze, es
aseve Seuracxyofs mis Rirsebas.
rodesac adamians ayuradeben
an videoTvaliT akvirdebian
mis pirad cxovrebas,
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

esec adamianis Rirsebis Selaxvaa.
RirsebaSelaxulia
Rataki, ganaTlebasa da mkurnalobis
saxsrebs moklebuli
adamianic. isic unda iTqvas,
rom Znelia Ratak da mSier
adamians misi samoqalaqo da
politikuri uflebebisaTvis
brZola mosTxovo. gagviWirdeba
adamianis iseTi uflebis
magaliTad moyvana, romlis
darRveva ar Seuracxyofs
adamianur Rirsebas. aqedan
gamomdinare, adamianuri
Rirseba adamianis uflebebis
safuZvelTa safuZvelia. misgan
gamomdinareobs adamianis
uflebebisaTvis sakvanZo ori
ZiriTadi cneba: Tanasworoba
da Tavisufleba (maT Sesaxeb
momaval werilebSi dawvrilebiT
gveqneba saubari).
mainc ra aris Rirseba?
didi germaneli moazrovne
imanuil kanti Rirsebas afuZnebda
adamianis gonierebaze,
rogorc adamianis Tvisebaze.
mas miaCnda, rom TiToeuli
adamiani flobs Rirsebas
Tavisi gonierebisa da adamianTa
modgmisadmi misi kuTvnilebis
gamo. Semecnebis,
miznis dasaxvis, `zneobrivi
kanoniT~ siarulis unari is
Tvisebebia, rac adamianebs
bunebisagan ganasxvavebs da
aamaRlebs kidec bunebaze,
romelic mxolod stiqiuri
midrekilebebiT cxovrobs da
aucileblobis marwuxebSia
moqceuli. amitom adamians
gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs
samyaroSi. TiToeuli
Cvengani Tvlis, rom is Rirsia
sxvebisagan WeSmaritad
adamianuri damokidebulebisa.
amasTanave adamians unda
hqondes sakuTari Tavis Rrma
pativiscemac. da, rac mTavaria,
didi moralisti amtkicebs,
rom TiToeuli unda
cnobdes da pativs scemdes
sxvis Rirsebasac. yvela adamiani
Tanasworia sakuTari
RirsebiT da am azriT maT Soris
ar arian metad an naklebad
mniSvnelovani adamianebi.
kantisgan gansxavebiT, mTeli
dasavleTevropuli religiur-filosofiuri
tradicia
adamianis Rirsebas RmerTTan
mis msgavsebaSi xedavs. RmerTma
Seqmna adamiani saxed Tvisa,
man suli STabera mas da es
suli SezRudul miwier gonierebaze
gacilebiT maRla dgas.
da Tumca adamiani codviT daeca,
man SeinarCuna Tavisi
siRrmiseuli kavSiri RmerTTan.
Rirseba universaluri cnebaa.
es aris zeideologiuri, zena-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
55
solidaroba
cionaluri,zesaxelmwifoebrivi cneba. Rirseba kacobriobis
faseulobaTa RerZia. es
aris raRac Sinagani, aramaterialuri
adamianSi, romelsac
aqvs Sinagani ltolva sxva
adamianebisaken, siyvarulisaken,
mSvidobisaken, keTili
saqmeebisaken, romelsac ar
surs agresia da mtroba.
yovel adamians aqvs garkveuli
sakiTxebis momcveli
suverenuli sfero, romelic
mxolod mas eqvemdebareba.
swored es sferoa adamianis
Rirseba. masSi, rogorc Cans,
Sedis yvelaferi is, rac
sWirdeba adamians sakuTari
azris, damokidebulebebisa
da gadawyvetilebebis gamosamuSaveblad.
Rirsebis sferoSi
mudam igulisxmeba adamianis
piradi cxovreba, aseve
misi erovnuli, religiuri
Tu sxva TviTidentifikacia.

#2(29)
Rirsebis sfero xelSeuxebelia,
misi sazRvrebi ar unda
dairRves. Rirsebis sferoSi
SeWrad iTvleba nebismieri
qmedeba, romelic aiZulebs
adamians iqonios garkveuli
azri, damokidebuleba an ganaxorcielos
raime qmedeba. Rirsebis
sferoSi SeWraa azris
nebismieri Tavs moxveva, adamianis
poziciaze zewola,
ultimatiuroba. Rirsebis
sfero ar eqvemdebareba
angariSgebas. ar arsebobs
instancia, sakuTari gonebisa
da sindisis garda, romlis
winaSec adamianma angariSi
unda waradginos im sakiTxebze
an qmedebebze, romlebic
am sferos Seexeba. Rirseba,
rogorc Cans, adamianis, rogorc
biologiuri arsebis, is
absoluturi Rirebulebaa,
romelic saerToa adamianTa
mTeli modgmisaTvis. fizikuri
Zaladoba, Cagvra bRalavs
adamianur Rirsebas (iseve,
rogorc amgvari mopyroba
abrazebs cxovels da mas
winaaRmdegobis gawevisken
ubiZgebs). magram yvelasTvis
Solidarität
ufleba
saerTo am sferos garda Ti-
Toeul adamianSi arsebobs
adamianis Sinagani samyaros
met-naklebad gamoxatuli
sfero. diax, adamiani biologiuri
arsebaa (Homo Biologicus),
aqedan gamomdinareobs misi
ufleba sazrdoze, sicocxleze,
nivTier moTxovnileba-
Ta dakmayofilebaze. es pirveladi
bunebrivi mocemulobaa,
sadac adamiani ar aris
bolomde Tavisufali. magram
adamiani aris aseve sulieri
arseba da am sferoSi is sworedac
rom Tavisufali (Homo
Liber) unda iyos, anu _ mudam
sxvisagan gansxvavebuli.
adamiani ver itans moralur
Zaladobas, Zaladobas mis
Sinagan samyaroze, sadac is
axorcielebs sakuTar Tavisuflebas
da amiT, sul cota,
sakuTar unikalurobas icavs.
adamianis sulieri ganviTarebis
raRac etapze wina planze
gamodis intimurobis, piradi
cxovrebis, sakuTari gemovnebis
kategoriebi. yvelaferi,
rac adamianis Sinagan samya-
gansxvavebuli da unikaluri
56
}'vh'mksr
ros exeba, rac sxvisas ar hgavs
da ucxo TvalisTvis gaugebari,
amoucnobi da erTi SexedviT
gaumarTlebeli an arafris
maqnisia, Tavad am adamianisaTvis,
erTi mxriv, wminda
da xelSeuxebelia, meore
mxriv ki, rogorc zemoT ukve
aRvniSneT, ar eqvemdebareba
kontrolsa da angariSvaldebulebas.
adamianuri da piradi
Rirsebis cneba
`Cven yvelaferi davkargeT
Rirsebis garda 1 ~
francisk I
adamianis Rirseba, rogorc
yvela uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa
wyaro, yovelTvis sworad
ar esmiT. es imasTanaa
dakavSirebuli, rom arsebobs
Rirsebis ori saxe: piradi da
adamianuri. adamianuri Rirseba
Tavad kacobriobis bunebidan
gamomdinareobs, is erTnairad
aqvs rogorc axalSobils,
amqveynad jer rom araferi
gaukeTebia, ise TavzexelaRebul
borotmoqmeds.
mis dasabuTebas sxvadasxva
aRmsareblobasa da filosofiur
TeoriaSi SevxvdebiT.
rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT,
qristianebisaTvis adamianuri
Rirseba imiT ganisazRvreba,
rom RmerTma Seqmna
adamiani `saxed da xatad
Tvisa~, amitom adamianSi uflis
Rirsebis nawilic aris.
Tumca sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb,
Tu riT vasabuTebT adamianuri
Rirsebis arsebobas, ro-
1 es sityvebi safrangeTis mefem
francisk I-ma (1494-1547) 1525 wels
espanelebTan franguli armiis
gamanadgurebeli marcxisa da sakuTari
datyvevebis Semdeg warmoTqva.
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

mel religiasa Tu filosofiur
mimdinareobaSi veZebT
mis wyaroebs, arc ise mniSvnelovania.
ufro sayuradRebo,
vfiqrob, sxva ramaa: xSirad
mogvismenia aramarto ubralo
moqalaqeebis, aramed politikosebisganac,
rom `damna-
Savis Rirseba ar SeiZleba
namdvili adamianis Rirsebas
gauTanabrdes~. arada yvelaferi,
rac ZiriTadi samoqalaqo
uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis
CamonaTvalSi Sevida,
Rirsebidan gamomdinareobs,
romelic yvelas Tanasworad
gaaCnia rogorc adamians.
adamianuri Rirsebisagan gansxvavdeba
pirovnuli Rirseba
_ cneba, romelic ufro axlos
pativisa da keTilSobilebis
cnebasTan dgas. piradi Rirseba
keTilSobiluri saqcieliT,
keTili saqmeebiT miiRweva
da ikargeba, Tu sulmdablad
moviqceviT. rogorc
adamianis uflebaTa sayovel-
Tao deklaraciaSi weria, yvela
adamiani Tanasworia Tavisi
RirsebiT. igi Tan axlavs
adamianTa ojaxis yvela wevrs,
xolo saxelsa da mdgomareobas
sazogadoebaSi TiToeuli
adamiani Tavad moipovebs.
swored zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare,
adamianis ufleba-
Ta koncefciisaTvis ZiriTadia
ganuyofeli, dabadebiTi
adamianuri Rirsebis cneba.
Tuki Rirseba uflebebisa da
Tavisuflebebis safuZvelia,
marTlac Rirs dafiqreba
imaze, Tu rodis ilaxeba is
gansakuTrebiT. moqalaqeebs
rom SevekiTxoT, Tu rodis
grZnoben isini sakuTari
Rirsebis Zlier Selaxvas,
pasuxebi TiTqmis erTnairi
aRmoCndeba: Cveni Rirseba
gansakuTrebiT maSin ilaxeba,
rodesac saxelmwifo dawesebulebebs
mivmarTavT da Cinovnikebis
uxeSobas wavawydebiT,
rodesac yvelaze dabal
safexurze mdgomi mosamsaxurec
xazs usvams, rom Cven mis
gankargulebaSi varT, rom Cven
arafers warmovadgenT, igi ki
saxelmwifos warmomadgenelia.
arsebobs Rirsebis kidev erTi
aspeqti, romelic arcTu naklebad
mniSvnelovania. saxelmwifoSi
moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT
moiTxovon sakuTari uflebebis
dakmayofileba,
ganacxadon es uflebebi.
magaliTad, Tu erTsaaTian
leqciaSi mekuTvnis garkveuli
Tanxa, me mas ki ar viTxov,
ki ar vixvewebi mis mocemas,
aramed uflebas vacxadeb
masze. samsaxuris momcemi
valdebulia gadamixados
swored imdeni, ramdenic me
mekuTvnis. uflebis gacxadebis
arsi xSirad swored
adamianis RirsebasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
adamiani, romelsac
ar SeuZlia uflebis gacxadeba,
garkveulwilad moklebulia
Rirsebas. xolo adamiani,
romelic gawvdili xeliT
ki ar ixveweba, momeciTo,
aramed acxadebs Tavis uflebas
imaze, rac mas ekuTvnis _
Rirseulad iqceva. vfiqrob,
rom yvela sakanonmdeblo da
politikuri sistema, romelic
iZleva konstituciuri
uflebebis garantias, magram
ar gviCvenebs uflebebis gacxadebis
meqanizmebsa da SesaZleblobebs
am uflebebis ganxorcielebis
moTxovniT,
gvarTmevs adamianuri Rirsebis
gamovlenis SesaZleblo-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
57
komentaris gareSe
solidaroba
bas; amavdroulad ki araRirseuli
saqcielisaken gvibiZgebs,
romelic bRalavs rogorc
Cvens sakuTar, agreTve
sxvaTa Rirsebas.
diax, adamianebi gansxvavdebian
erTmaneTisagan da adamianis
Rirseba swored imasTan aris
Zalian mWidrod dakavSirebuli,
rom yoveli Cvengani ganumeorebelia,
rom mTeli kacobriobis
istoriis manZilze ar
yofila da arc iqneba zustad
iseTive adamiani, iseTive
Sinagani samyaroTi, iseTive
azrebiTa Tu iseTive gamocdilebiT,
rogoric TiToeuli
Cvengania.
faqtia, rom Rirsebis cneba
adamianis uflebebis sayovelTao
deklaraciis preambulaSi
gamotanili umaRlesi
faseuloba da yvela sxva
uflebisa da Tavisuflebis
safuZvelia.

#2(29)
religiisa da
Solidarität
LUMEN
demokratiis
urTierTSeTavsebadobis
Sesaxeb
alfred stefani
msoflios yvela religiur
sistemas Tu mxolod zogierT
maTgans SeuZlia politikurad
SeTavsebadi iyos demokratiul
wyobasTan? swored
es sakiTxi gaxlavT Cveni
drois umniSvnelovanesi da
mwvave debatebis sagani. Cemi
mizania wvlili Sevitano am
debatebSi SedarebiTi
politologiuri analizis
daxmarebiT. ufro zustad ki,
me, rogorc politikuri
institutebisa da demokratizaciis
sakiTxebis specialists,
ganzraxuli maqvs sami
Temis ganxilva, romlebze
pasuxebic dagvexmareba am
rTuli sakiTxebis gaazrebaSi.
pirveli: rogoria minimaluri
institucionaluri da politikuri
moTxovnebi, romlebsac
unda akmayofilebdes politikuri
sistema, sanam mas
demokratiad ganvixilavT?
amgvari analizis safuZvelze
rogor unda ganvixiloT
58
}'vh'mksr
demokratiuli wyobisa da
religiis urTierTSeTavsebadobis
saWiroeba, anu ra saxiT
unda Camoyalibdes politikur
institutTa moqmedebis
Tavisuflebis minimaluri
sazRvrebi religiur xelisuflebasTan
mimarTebaSi da
piriqiT _ religiuri jgufebisa
Tu calkeul individTa
politikur institutebTan
mimarTebaSi.
meore: rogor akmayofileben
am moTxovnebs demokratiis
xangrZlivi gamocdilebis
mqone evrokavSiris wevri
qveynebi da romeli araswori
interpretaciebi unda aviciloT
Tavidan religiisa da
demokratiis urTierTobaTa
dasavleTevropuli gamocdilebidan?
mesame: rogori mniSvneloba
aqvT zemoT dasmuli ori sakiTxis
pasuxebs im politikuri
sistemebisTvis, romlebic,
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

magaliTad, konfucianizmis 1 ,
islamisa da aRmosavlur-or-
Todoqsuli qristianobis kulturul-religiuritradiciebis
Zlieri gavlenis qveS imyofebian
da romlebsac zogier-
Ti analitikosi mniSvnelovan
dabrkolebebad warmogviCens
demokratiis gzaze?
sanam am sam sakiTxs ganvixilav,
neba miboZeT samuel han-
TingTonis naSromidan `civilizaciaTa
Sejaxeba da msoflio
wesrigis xelaxali Camoyalibeba~
mokle citatebi Semog-
TavazoT. es naSromi Zalian
gavlenian gancxadebas warmoadgens
civilizaciuri kvlevebis
mimarTulebiT da igi
mTavari konkurenti Tval-
sazrisia Cems poziciasTan
mimarTebaSi.
hanTingToni upirveles adgils
aniWebs qristianobas, rogorc
gamokveTilad pozitiuri
gavlenis mqone faqtors dasavluri
civilizaciis Camoyalibebis
procesSi: `qristianoba...
istoriulad erTaderTi
mniSvnelovani damaxasiaTebeli
niSania dasavluri civilizaciisa~.
2 misi azriT, saxelmwifosa
da eklesiis erTmaneTisgan
gamijvna, rac dasavluri
kulturis mTavari dadebiTi
niSani iyo, ucxo movlenaa
msoflios sxva religiuri
sistemebisTvis. `islamSi Rmer-
Ti aris keisari; konfucianizmSi
keisaria RmerTi; marTlma-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
59
solidaroba
dideblobaSi ki RmerTi keisris
Semwea~. misi azriT, `mona-
Tesave kulturebi~ civilizaciuri
xasiaTis konfliqtebSi
erTmaneTis mzardi mxardaWeriT
gamoirCevian. amis aRniSvnis
Semdeg hanTingToni religiurad
ganpirobebuli mesame
msoflio omis scenars
warmogvidgens. is gvafrTxilebs:
`dasavleTisTvis mTavari
problema aris ara islamuri
fundamentalizmi, aramed
Tavad islami~. konfucianizmTan
dakavSirebiT ki
amtkicebs, rom Tanamedrove
CineTis `konfuciuri memkvidreoba
Tavisi wyobiT, avtoritarizmiT,
ierarqiiTa da
individualurTan SedarebiT
ufro metad koleqtiurobis

#2(29)
xazgasmiT, dabrkolebas warmoadgens
demokratiis gzaze~.
postkomunisturi evropis
ganxilvisas ki aRniSnavs, rom
`mTavari gamyofi xazi axla
erTmaneTisgan yofs, erTis
mxriv, dasavlur qristianobas,
meores mxriv ki, muslimur da
marTlmadideblur samyaros~.
igi ritorikul SekiTxvas svams:
`sad mTavrdeba evropa?~,
romelsac pasuxobs: `iq, sadac
dasavluri qristianoba
mTavrdeba da islami da
marTlmadidebloba iwyeba~. 3
hanTingTonis azriT, axla
mTavar erTeulebs civilizaciebi
warmoadgens da ara saxelmwifoebi.
igi amtkicebs,
rom `monaTesave kulturebis~
erTobisa da civilizaciuri
xasiaTis konfliqtebis mzardi
mniSvnelobis gamo msoflios
religiuri civilizaciebi,
romlebsac cvlilebebis
mimarT Zlieri rezistentuloba
axasiaTebT, erTmaneT-
Tan mtkiced arian SekavSirebulni.
amrigad, hanTingTonis
ganacxadis ZiriTadi birTvi
ara mxolod imis aRiarebaSi
mdgomareobs, rom demokratia
pirvelad dasavluri civilizaciis
wiaRSi warmoiSva, aramed
is imasac gvauwyebs, rom
msoflios danarCen religiurkulturul
civilizaciebs
akliaT is unikaluri maxasiaTeblebi,
romlebic aucilebelia
dasavluri yaidis
demokratiis mxardasaWerad.
Tuki aRniSnul sakiTxs institucionaluri
midgomiT
ganvixilavT, migviyvans Tu
ara es demokratiis SesaZlo
kulturuli sazRvrebis
gansxvavebul xedvamde?
Solidarität
LUMEN
demokratia da misi
mTavari institutebi
demokratizaciis yvela mniSvnelovani
Teoretikosi eTanxmeba
im azrs, rom demokratiaze
warmatebuli gadasvlis
aucilebeli piroba Tavisufali
da konkurentuli arCevnebia,
ris Sesaxebac robert
dali saubrobs Tavis klasikur
naSromSi `poliarqia~. demokratiis
moTxovnaTa Soris dali
asaxelebs rva institucionaluri
garantiis arsebobis
aucileblobas. esenia:
1. organizaciebis Seqmnisa
da maTSi gawevrianebis
Tavisufleba;
2. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba;
3. arCevnebSi monawileobis
ufleba;
4. sajaro samsaxuris xelmisawvdomoba;
5. politikur liderTa mier
erTmaneTisTvis konkurenciis
gawevis ufleba xalxis
mxardaWerisa da xmebis
mosapoveblad;
6. informaciis alternatiuli
wyaroebis xelmisawvdomoba;
7. Tavisufali da samarTliani
arCevnebi;
8. institutebis arseboba
xmis micemisa da sxva msgavsi
aqciebis saSualebiT
samTavrobo politikis
Camosayalibeblad. 4
Cemi da Cemi kolegis j. linzis
mosazrebiT, dalis mier warmodgenili
es rva garantia
aucilebeli, magram arasakmarisi
safuZvelia demokratiisTvis.
arasakmarisia, radgan
araviTari mniSvneloba ar
aqvs Tavisufal da samarTli-
60
}'vh'mksr
an arCevnebs, Tuki Tavad konstitucia
ar iqneba demokratiuli
da adamianis fundamenturi
uflebebis pativismcemeli,
umciresobebis damcveli
da a.S. demokratiulad
arCeulma mTavrobam qveyana
unda marTos konstituciis
farglebSi, vertikaluri da
horizontaluri institutebis
meSveobiT, rac xels uwyobs
pasuxismgeblobis uzrunvelyofas.
Tu SevajamebT am kriteriumebs,
naTeli xdeba, rom demokratia
ar unda ganixilebodes
konsolidirebulad im
qveyanaSi, sadac ar arsebobs
SesaZlebloba Zlieri da mtkice
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
Camoyalibebisa, romelic saxelmwifos
unda akontrolebdes
da mudmivad warmoSobdes
alternativebs. aseTi alternativebis
Segrovebisa da implementaciis
saqmeSi politikur
sazogadoebas, metadre
politikur partiebs, samoqalaqo
sazogadoebasTan Seuz-
Rudavi (unfettered) urTierTobebis
saSualeba unda mieceT.
demokratia konfliqtebis
regulirebis iseTi sistemaa,
romelic im Rirebulebebs
Soris Ria konkurenciis saSualebas
iZleva, romelTa damkvidrebac
mocemuli qveynis
moqalaqeebs surT. es ki,
mkacri demokratiuli gagebiT,
imas niSnavs, rom sxvadasxva
jgufebi ar iyeneben Zaladobas,
ar arRveven sxva moqalaqeebis
uflebebsa da demokratiuli
TamaSis wesebs, yvela
jgufi sargeblobs uflebiT,
lobireba gauwios saku-
Tar interesebs, rogorc
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

politikur, ise samoqalaqo
sazogadoebaSi. es aris demokratiuli
wyobis minimaluri
institucionaluri moTxovna. 5
ras niSnavs amgvari institucionaluri
`bazisi~ religiis, politikis,
demokratiisa da maTi
urTierTSeTavsebadobis sakiTxTan
mimarTebaSi? rogori unda
iyos Tavisuflebis aucilebeli
sazRvrebi religiuri gaerTianebebis
mxridan arCeuli mTavrobis
mimarT da mTavrobis
mxridan religiuri jgufebisa
da individebis mimarT?
demokratiuli institutebi
politikis Camoyalibebisa da
SemuSavebis dros Tavisufalni
unda iyvnen konstituciisa
da adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb
koncefciis farglebSi. religiur
institutebs ar unda gaaCndeT
konstituciurad mini-
Webuli prerogativebi, rac
maT uflebas miscemda ekarnaxaT
demokratiulad arCeul
mTavrobebisTvis, Tu rogori
unda iyos maTi sajaro politika.
amavdroulad religiuri
jgufebi da individebi, romlebic
ar arian winaaRmdegobaSi
Cven mier zemoT warmodgenil
demokratiis institucionalur
gansazRvrebasTan,
unda flobdnen srul Tavisuflebas
kerZo RvTismsaxurebis
aRsrulebis dros. garda
amisa, maT unda SeeZloT saku-
Tari Rirebulebebis sajaro
propaganda, organizaciebisa
da moZraobebis dafinanseba
politikur arenaze, magram
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki
maTi qmedebebi ar arRvevs sxva
moqalaqeTa Tavisuflebas da
ar ewinaaRmdegeba demokratiul
kanonebs. demokratiisad-
mi amgvari institucionaluri
midgoma aucileblad gulisxmobs,
rom arcerT jgufs (religiuri
jgufebis CaTvliT)
ar unda ekrZalebodes a priori
politikuri partiis Seqmna.
SezRudvebi politikur partiebs
SeiZleba dauwesdeT mxolod
Camoyalibebis Semdeg, maT mier
demokratiuli normebis dar-
Rvevis Sesabamisad. magram politikuri
partiis mier am normebis
darRvevis Sesaxeb
gadawyvetileba sxva partiebma
ki ara, sasamarTlom unda
gamoitanos.
axla gadavideT meore sakiTxze.
analitikosebi, aradasavlur,
`araqristianul~ civilizaciebSi
demokratiis
perspeqtivebze saubris dros
xSirad miuTiTeben, rom saxelmwifosa
da eklesias Soris
separacia mTavari damaxasiaTebeli
niSnebia ara mxolod
dasavluri demokratiisa,
aramed sazogadod demokratiisa.
maTTvis iseTi religiuri
sistema, rogoricaa
aRmosavluri marTlmadidebloba,
sadac xSirad eklesias
saxelmwifo statusi aqvs
(established church), warmoadgens
mniSvnelovan problemas
demokratiis konsolidaciis-
Tvis. magram aq, upirveles
yovlisa, unda mivuTiToT,
rom evrokavSiris wevr oTx
qveyanaSi _ daniaSi, fineTSi,
saberZneTsa da britaneTSi
(mxolod inglissa da SotlandiaSi)
_ eklesiebs saxelmwifo
statusi aqvT. marTalia,
norvegia ar aris evrokavSiris
wevri, magram warmoadgens
kidev erT evropul
qveyanas, sadac eklesias
saxelmwifo statusi aqvs.
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
61
solidaroba
niderlandebSi arcerT eklesias
ar aqvs saxelmwifo statusi,
magram ganaTlebis sferoSi
eklesiis rolis Sesaxeb
kaTolikeebs, kalvinistebsa da
sekularul mTavrobas Soris
mimdinare cxare diskusiis Sedegad
1917 wels miRweul iqna
SeTanxmeba, romlis Tanaxmad,
am qveyanaSi umravlesobaSi
myof religiur Tems ufleba
aqvs daarsos kerZo kaTolikuri
an kalvinisturi skola
da amisaTvis saxelmwifosgan
miiRos daxmareba.
germaniasa da avstrias konstituciebSi
aqvT Cawerili
debulebebi, romlebic religiur
jgufebs uflebas aZlevs
gansazRvron religiis roli
ganaTlebis sferoSi. germaniaSi
ar arsebobs saxelmwifo
statusis mqone eklesia, magram
protestantizmi da kaTolicizmi
oficialur religiebad
(official religions)
aris aRiarebuli.
TurqeTSi religiurad ganwyobili
politikuri partiebi
marTaven sekularul demokratias.qristianul-demokratiuli
partiebi xSirad mmar-
Tvel politikur partiebad
gvevlinebian germaniaSi, avstriaSi,
italiaSi, belgiasa
da niderlandebSi. evrokav-
Siris erTaderTi wevri saxelmwifo,
romelic konstituciiT
krZalavs politikuri partiebis
mier religiuri afiliaciisa
da simboloebis mi-
Rebas, aris portugalia. magram
msurs oriode SeniSvna
gamovTqva am aSkara anomaliis
Sesaxeb. pirveli: muxli,
romelic portugaliaSi krZalavs
religiuri simboloebis

#2(29)
gamoyenebas politikuri
partiebis mier, arademokratiuli
normaa. meore: portugalias
de facto hyavs qristianul-demokratiuli
partia,
romelic sruli politikuri
TavisuflebiT moqmedebs da
saerTaSoriso qristianuldemokratiul
organizaciebs
Soris kargi reputaciiT
sargeblobs.
me-20 s-Si ori yvelaze `agresiuli~
separacia saxelmwifosa
da eklesias Soris moxda 1931
wels espaneTSi da 1905 wels
safrangeTSi. Tumca amJamad
orive qveyanaSi saxelmwifosa
da eklesias Soris `megobruli~
separacia arsebobs. 1958
wlidan, magaliTad, safrangeTi
mniSvnelovani moculobiT
afinansebs kaTolikuri
eklesiis dawyebiTi ganaTlebis
skolebs (elementary school,
6-12 wlamde bavSvebisTvis. _
mTargm.). amJamad faqtiurad
arcerT dasavleTevropul
qveyanaSi aRar aris mkacri da
agresiuli separacia saxelmwifosa
da eklesias Soris. ase
rom, dasavleTevropuli gamocdilebidan
`gakveTilis~
miReba gulisxmobs ara eklesiasa
da saxelmwifos Soris
`separaciis kedlis~ aRmarTvas,
aramed religiisa da demokratiisurTierTSeTavsebadobis,
mudmivi politikuri
konstruqciisa da rekonstruqciis
gacnobierebas. amrigad,
seriozul analitikosebs
mouwevT imis aRiareba,
rom sekularizmi da separacia
(eklesiasa da saxelmwifos
Soris) ar aris demokratias-
Tan Tvisebrivad dakavSirebuli,
da, rom maTi mWidrod
dakavSireba arademokratiul
formebTan marTlac SesaZle-
Solidarität
LUMEN
belia, rac sistematurad arRvevs
religiasa da demokratias
Soris urTierTSeTavsebadobis
princips.
axla ki es zogadi principebi
im kulturebis konteqstSi
ganvixiloT, romlebic konfucianizmis,
islamisa da aRmosavluri
orTodoqsiis Zlieri
gavlenis qveS imyofebian.
konfucianizmi:
keisari RmerTia?
konfucianizmis mkvlevarTa
umravlesoba aRiarebs, rom
taivanSi, samxreT koreasa da
singapurSi konfucianuri kulturis
mniSvnelovani komponentebi
arsebobs. maTive azriT,
konfucianuri memkvidreoba
ufro Zlieri taivanSi
da koreaSia, vidre singapurSi.
demokratizaciis TeoretikosTa
umravlesoba aRiarebs,
rom taivani da samxreT korea
amJamad akmayofileben demokratiis
im minimalur pirobebs,
romlebic zemoT vaxseneT. Tumca,
Cemi azriT, demokratizaciis
arcerTi mniSvnelovani
mkvlevari ar daiwyebda imis
mtkicebas, rom singapuri akmayofilebs
dalis zemoT dasaxelebuli
rva pirobis Tundac
naxevars. amrigad, Cven SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom samxreT korea
da taivani `bazisuri~ moTxovnebis
zemoT myofad, xolo singapuri
maT qvemoT myofad
moiazreba, maTi rogorc demokratiul
qveynebad gansaz-
Rvris dros.
adre me vakritikebdi mosazrebas,
romlis mixedviTac
msoflios mTavari religi-
62
}'vh'mksr
uri tradiciebi sruliad
gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan.
Tu es marTalia, maSin
gasarkvevia ra mniSvnelobas
vdebT gamoTqmaSi `monaTesave
kulturebi~, romelsac
hanTingToni iyenebs. rodesac
singapuris yofili premierministri,
li kiuen iuvi
cdilobda `aziuri Rirebulebebi~
Tavisi reJimis Ziri-
Tad sayrdenad warmoeCina,
mas koreis prezidenti kim
dae jungi da taivanis prezidenti
li Tenghiu daupirispirdnen,
romlebmac ganacxades:
`Cven demokratebi varT
da mniSvnelovan demokratiul
Rirebulebebs veyrdnobiT,
romlebic konfucianur
tradiciaSi moipoveba. magram
Sen ar gaqvs demokratia singapurSi
da am mdgomareobis
gamarTlebas konfucianobis
zogierT arademokratiul
Rirebulebaze dayrdnobiT
cdilob. Cven ukeTesi demokratebi
da amitom ukeTesi
konfucianelebi varT, vidre
Sen. ase rom, nurc cdilob
CvenTvis e. w. `aziuri Rirebulebebis~
Tavs moxvevas~. 6
kim dae jungis pasuxi naTlad
warmoaCens winamdebare narkvevis
mTavar azrs. misi mtkicebiT,
aziuri Rirebulebebis
li kiuen iuviseuli versia cota
ufro metia, vidre mxolod
avtoritaruli mmarTvelobis
gamarTleba da mTel
or gverds konfucianuri da
neokonfucianuri principebis
citirebas andomebs, romlebic
demokratiisa da gansxvavebuli
Sexedulebebis gamoxatvis
uflebis mxardamWeri
principebia. Semdeg kim dae
jungi saubrobs gansxvavebuli
Sexedulebebisadmi l. k. iuvis
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

absolutur Seuwynareblobaze
da miuTiTebs, rom misi singapuri
`axlos dgas totalitaruli
wyobis saxelmwifos-
Tan~. pasuxs igi Semdegi sityvebiT
amTavrebs: `is faqti, rom
demokratia sxva adgilas warmoiSva
da ganviTarda, sruliad
ar niSnavs imas, rom igi (demokratia)
ver imuSavebs aziaSi~.
amrigad, samxreT koreisa da
taivanis prezidentebma imgvari
normatiul-empiriuli miniSnebebi
gaakeTes, romlebic
Zalze mniSvnelovania Tanamedrove
demokratiuli TeoriisTvis.
Cven ar unda viyoT
relativistebi. nebismieri
qveyana nebismier kulturul
garemoSi erTsa da imave institucionalur
moTxovnebs unda
akmayofilebdes. Tumca isic
unda vaRiaroT, rom demokratiul
samyaroSi arsebobs mravali
qvesistema konkretulad
maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli meorexarisxovani
niSnebiT: zogi
saxelmwifo didia, zogic patara;
zogi saxelmwifo individualur
uflebebs ufro metad
aniWebs upiratesobas, vidre
koleqtiurs; zogi maTgani ki
orive saxis uflebebs uWers
mxars. mravali meorexarisxovani
Rirebuleba, romelic
koreul da taivanur demokratiebs
amerikuli demokratiisgan
ganasxvavebs, eyrdnoba
konfucianur tradicias,
magram es `aziuri Rirebulebebi~
aucileblad antidemokratiuli
rodia.
islami da `Tavisufali
arCevnebis maxe~
arsebobs mravali gamokvleva,
romlebic amtkiceben, rom
islamur tradicias aklia
demokratiis mTavari aspeqtebi.
religiasa da saxelmwifos
Soris gaumijnaoba winaswarmetyvel
muhamedis mier samxedro
da sasuliero Zalauflebis
gaerTianebidan momdinared
ganixileba. kanonebis
Seqmnis procesSi sazogadoebrivi
azris demokratiuli
monawileobis nakleboba ki
yuranidan momdinared miiCneva,
romlis mixedviTac Rmer-
Ti karnaxobda muhameds im
kanonebis Sinaarss, romelTa
dacvac savaldebuloa legitimuri
islamuri politikis-
Tvis. inkluziuri samoqalaqo
sazogadoebis nakleboba ki
yuranis interpretaciebidan
momdinared iTvleba, romel-
Ta Tanaxmadac erTaderTi
WeSmariti politika islamSi
erTiani religiur-politikuri
Temia (arab. ummah), sadac
ar unda arsebobdes kanonieri
adgili sxva religiisTvis.
islamuri fundamentalizmis
aRzevebasTan erTad aseTi
mowodebebi xSirad gaismoda
zogierTi muslimi
aqtivistis mier.
yovelive amis gamo amtkiceben,
rom islami da demokratia Seu-
Tavsebelia. dasavleTis zogierT
periodul gamocemaSi sul
ufro xSirad ismis gafrTxilebebi
`islamuri Tavisufali
arCevnebis maxesTan~ dakavSirebiT.
am azris mixedviT,
msgavsi arCevnebi xels uwyobs
xelisuflebaSi im politikuri
Zalis demokratiul mosvlas,
romelic Semdgom TviT
demokratias anadgurebs.
ra SeiZleba iTqvas? erTi ram
naTelia: aravis SeuZlia imis
uaryofa, rom mravali dana-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
63
solidaroba
Sauli islamis saxeliT xdeba
zogierT qveyanaSi. alJirSi
samxedro xelisufleba da
muslimi fundamentalistebi
udanaSaulo adamianebs xocaven.
avRaneTSi Talibebis mier
uxeSad irRveva qalTa uflebebi.
islamis saxeliT sudanis
zogierTi nawili sikvdilis
zonebad aris gamocxadebuli.
msoflioSi politikuri
Tavisuflebebisa da samoqalaqo
uflebebis daculobis
xarisxis gamosavlenad Catarebuli
erT-erTi bolo gamokvleva
amgvar daskvnas
gvTavazobs: `islamuri samyaro
jer kidev Zlier dabrkolebad
rCeba demokratiis
gavrcelebisTvis~. 7
swored am konteqstSi ambobda
hanTingTonic, rom dasavle-
TisTvis problemas warmoadgens
`ara islamuri fundamentalizmi,
aramed Tavad
islami~. islamis momavalTan
dakavSirebiT hanTingToniseuli
xedva adgils ar tovebs
zogierT islamur qveyanaSi
demokratiuli Zalebis dawinaurebisTvis.
demokratiis
marcxi TiTqmis sabolood
aris determinirebuli `mona-
Tesave kulturebis~ avtoritarul
samyaroSi, romelsac
igi aRwers. rogor unda pasuxobdes
amas empiriuli demokratizaciis
Teoretikosi?
vfiqrob, rom msjeloba unda
daviwyoT hipoTeziT, romlis
mixedviTac yvela didi religiuri
civilizacia multivokaluria.
islamur samyaroSi
garda fundamentalistTa mowodebebisa,
arsebobs agreTve
gansxvavebuli xmebic, iqneba
es Tavad yurani, misi interpretaciebi
Tu zogierTi Tana-

#2(29)
medrove muslimi politikuri
lideri. magaliTad, yuranSi
erT adgilas weria: `araviTari
iZuleba ar unda arsebobdes
sarwmunoebis sakiTxebSi~
(yurani 2:257). es gafrTxileba
myar safuZvels warmoadgens
religiuri tolerantobisTvis.
8
politikosebi, Jurnalistebi
da profesorebic ki zogjer
mcdarad aigiveben erTmaneT-
Tan islamsa da arabul kulturas.
isini marTebulad miuTiTeben,
rom arabuli samyaros
islamur qveynebSi ar
aris demokratia, magram imavdroulad
qmnian mcdar STabeWdilebas,
TiTqos muslimebs
ar SeuZliaT demokratiul
sistemebSi cxovreba. Tumca
msoflios muslimTa daaxloebiT
naxevari, 435 milioni
adamiani (Tu indoneziasac
mivumatebT, 600 milionze
meti) demokratiul, naxevrad
demokratiul an sporadulad
demokratiuli wyobis mqone
qveynebSi cxovrobs.
amrigad, Cemi Rrma rwmeniT,
Tuki islamuri samyaros zogierT
qveyanaSi (mag., pakistan-
Si, indoneziaSi) arsebobs
dabrkoleba demokratiisTvis,
es dabrkoleba ara Tavad islamisgan,
aramed am qveynebis
samxedro da uSiSroebis samsaxurebisgan
momdinareobs.
aRmosavluri orTodoqsia
unda vaRiaroT, rom kaTolicizmma
da protestantizmma
ufro mniSvnelovani wvlili
Seitana samoqalaqo winaaRmdegobis
moZraobebSi, gansakuTrebiT
komunistur evro-
Solidarität
LUMEN
paSi, vidre marTlmadideblobam.
ratom? ras niSnavs an
ar niSnavs es yovelive demokratiis
momavlisTvis im qveynebSi,
sadac marTlmadidebloba
dominanti religiaa? am
gansxvavebas ver avxsniT
marTlmadidebluri religiuri
doqtriniT, radgan pirveli
aTaswleulis Semdegac
ki aRmosavlur da dasavlur
qristianobas TiTqmis erTi
da igive religiuri doqtrina
aqvT. saxelmwifosTvis winaaRmdegobis
gawevis TvalsazrisiT,
mTavari gansxvaveba
marTlmadideblobasa da romaul
kaTolicizms Soris ufro
metad organizaciul formeb-
Si da maTTvis saerTo multivokaluri
doqtrinis zogierT
nawilSi unda veZioT.
modiT komparatiulad (SedarebiTad)
gavaanalizoT samoqalaqo
winaaRmdegobis moZraobasTan
dakavSirebuli
sakiTxi. rogorc transnacionalur,
ierarqiul organizacias,
romaul kaTolicizms
SeuZlia lokaluri kaTolikuri
eklesiis materialuri
da doqtrinaluri mxardaWera
saxelmwifos mxridan Cagvris
winaaRmdeg. ramdenadac kaTolikur
eklesias SeuZlia saxelmwifosTvis
winaaRmdegobis
gaweva, imdenadve SeuZlia mas
ufro metad avtonomiuri da
mtkice samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
mxardaWera. rogorc
me da j. linzma adre mivuTi-
TeT, kaTolikurma eklesiam
mxari dauWira aseT moZraobebs
poloneTSi, litvaSi,
CileSi, braziliaSi da (frankos
bolo wlebSi) espaneTSi.
protestantizmma individualur
sindisze misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
gamokveTili xaz-
64
}'vh'mksr
gasmiT da sakuTari saerTaSoriso
qselis meSveobiT agreTve
mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula
samoqalaqo winaaRmdegobis
mxardaWeris saqmeSi aRmosavleT
germaniisa da estoneTis
represiuli saxelmwifoebis
winaaRmdeg. 1960-80-ian wlebSi
protestantizmma da vatikanis
meore krebis Semdgomma kaTolicizmma
gansakuTrebuli
aqcenti `profetuli misiis~
mniSvnelobaze gadaitana, romelic
adamianebs socialuri
usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg
brZolisken mouwodebs.
saxelmwifosadmi winaaRmdegobis
gawevis fenomenisadmi
pativiscemis miuxedavad
aRmosavluri marTlmadidebluri
qristianoba (rumineTi,
saberZneTi, serbeTi, bulgareTi,
ruseTi, saqarTvelo)
SedarebiT sust poziciaze
dgas organizaciulad da
ideologiurad, radgan marTlmadidebeli
eklesiebi Ziri-
Tadad nacionalur eklesiebs
warmoadgens am qveynebSi. amgvar
`cezaropapistul~ sistemebSi
saxelmwifo xSirad
mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs
eklesiis dafinansebasa da
ierarqiul postebze Sesabamisi
kandidatebis daniSvnaSi.
aseTi eklesiebi marTlac ar
warmoadgenen met-naklebad
avtonomiur nawilebsac ki
samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa,
radgan, veberis sityvebi rom
gavimeoroT, arsebobs maRali
xarisxi `sasuliero Zalauflebis
subordinaciisa sekularuli
xelisuflebisadmi~.
sabWoTa kavSirSi sekularuli
xelisuflebis roli gulisxmobda
kgb-s monawileobas marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis umaR-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

lesi sakanonmdeblo organoebis
(sinodebis) saqmianobaSi.
rogorc veberi da aseve sxvebic
aRniSnaven, marTlmadidebloba
ufro liturgikul
da mWvretelobiT cxovrebazea
orientirebuli, vidre
garegnul socialur-politikur
aqtivobebze. cezaropapizmis
struqturul da kvietizmis
liturgikul konteqstSi
iSviaTad hqonda adgili
`profetul~ reaqcias socialuri
usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg.
Tumca amgvar mowodebas
orTodoqsuli multivokaluri
tradiciac Seicavs.
miuxedavad amisa, me mainc ar
mjera, rom aRmosavluri or-
Todoqsia Tvisebrivad antidemokratiul
Zalas warmoadgens.
Tu saxelmwifos mmarTveli
elita da politikuri
sazogadoeba erTgulad da Tanmimdevrulad
daicavs demokratiul
Rirebulebebs, es xels
Seuwyobs marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis loialurobis gamovlenas
demokratiis mimarT
sakuTari cezaropapistuli
struqturisa da demokratiisadmi
SeTavsebadi multivokaluri
doqtrinis wyalobiT,
rogorc es, magaliTad, saber-
ZneTSi moxda 1975 wels. magram
Tu saxelmwifos mmarTveli
politikuri elita Tavisi
arsiT anti-demokratiulia,
maSin samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
brZola antidemokratiuli
xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg,
rogorc wesi, ver povebs
mniSvnelovan mxardaWeras
nacionaluri marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis mxridan.
saberZneTis marTlmadidebel
eklesias saxelmwifo statusi
aqvs. magram, rogorc zemoT
aRvniSneT, aseTive viTarebaa
daniaSi, fineTSi, norvegiaSi,
inglissa da SotlandiaSi.
rodesac 1974 wels demokratiuli
wyoba damyarda saberZneTSi
(sxvaTa Soris, am cvlilebebisTvis
araviTari winaaRmdegoba
ar gauwevia eklesias,
piriqiT, mxarsac ki uWerda),
moxda ara eklesiis gansaxelmwifoebrioba(disestablishment),
aramed eklesiaSi im
arademokratiuli elementebis
gauqmeba, rac demokratiuli
politikis gatarebas
uSlida xels. saberZneTis
demokratiulma Zalebma ganaxorcieles
es, marTlmadidebelma
eklesiam ki miiRo
igi (es cvlileba. _ mTargm.).
demokratia ara mxolod ar
iTxovs eklesiis gamijvnas
saxelmwifosgan, aramed igi
yvelanair dabrkolebas uxsnis
eklesias sajaro sivrceSi
gamosasvlelad. berZnulma
demokratiam pativi sca religiis
legitimur avtonomiurobas.
gatarda saTanado cvlilebebi
rogorc saxelmwifosa
da sazogadoebas Soris ur-
TierTobebSi, aseve Tavad
eklesiaSi, ramac gaaadvila
religiisa da demokratiuli
sistemis urTierTSeTavseba. 9
mcireodeni SemoklebiT
inglisuridan Targmna
daviT TinikaSvilma
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
65
SeniSvnebi:
solidaroba
1 konfucianizmi ufro kulturuli da
filosofiuri tradiciaa, vidre
religiuri. ar hyavs samRvdeloeba da
arc raime saeklesio struqtura
gaaCnia. miuxedavad amisa, bevri
avtori, maqs veberiT dawyebuli da
samuel hanTingToniT damTavrebuli,
konfucianizms ganixilavs rogorc
msoflios erT-erT mniSvnelovan
religiur-civilizaciur tradicias.
amitom mec amgvarad ganvixilav mas
winamdebare narkvevSi.
2 Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations
and the Remaking of World Order (New York:
Simon and Schuster, 1996), 70.
3 iqve, pp. 70, 217, 238, 28 da 158,
Tanmimdevrulad.
4 See Robert A. Dahl, Polyarchy: Participation and
Opposition (New Haven: Yale University Press,
1971), 1-3.
5 am damatebiTi kriteriumebis Sesaxeb
ufro vrceli msjelobisa da bibliografiisTvis
ix. Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan,
Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation:
Southern Europe, South America and Post-Communist
Europe (Baltimore and London: The Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1996), ch. 1.
6 John Rawls, Political Liberalism (New York:
Columbia University Press, 1993), 151.
7 Adrian Karatnycky, “The 1998 Freedom House
Survey: The Decline of Illiberal Democracy,”
Journal of Democracy 10 (January 1999): 121.
8 aseTi gansxvavebuli xmebis meti magaliTebisTvis
ix. winamdebare narkvevis
vrceli versia: “The World’s Religious
Systems and Democracy: Crafting the ‘Twin
Tolerations’,” in Alfred Stepan, Arguing Comparative
Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
forthcoming 2001).
9 marTlmadideblobis demokratiasTan
SeTavsebadobis (hanTingTonis
Teoriis sawinaaRmdegod) da mis mier
Sida cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis
unaris Sesaxeb mocemuli mSvenieri
analizi ix. Elizabeth H. Prodromou,
“Paradigms, Power, and Identity: Rediscovering
Orthodoxy and Regionalizing Europe,” European
Journal of Political Research 30 (September 1996):
125-54.

#2(29)
Solidarität
magaliTi
saepiskoposo
Jak gaio
orientiri
msaxurebisa
daviT TinikaSvili
`erTma SemTxvevam damafiqra.
monrealSi erT-erTma samrevlom
mimiwvia. metros sadguridan
rom amovedi, kokispirulad
wvimda. me ki am viTarebisTvis
sruliad moumzadebeli,
samRvdelo Sesamoslis
amara, qolgisa da sawvimris
gareSe gaxldiT. uceb
erTi kaci momiaxlovda da
meubneba: `SemiZlia sawvimari
gaTxovoT, monsionior! 1 ~ RimiliT
mivuge: `ki magram,
Tqvenc xom iseve gWirdebaT
igi, rogorc me?~ aRmoCnda,
rom iqve axlos cxovrobda.
Cemi daJinebuli moTxovniT
SevTanxmdiT, rom manZils mis
saxlamde erTi sawvimris qveS
gavivlidiT, Semdeg ki raRacas
movaxerxebdi. gzaSi oriode
sityva gavcvaleT. gamoirkva,
rom ebraeli iyo. rodesac
Tanamgzavris gareSe
ganvagrZe gza, erTi wuTic ar
iyo gasuli, rom viRac qalbatonis
xma momesma: `moicadeT,
66
}'vh'mksr
mamao, qolgas gadagafarebT!~.
`diax, gmadlobT. ai, cotaRa
damrCa da mival~. `iciT,
mamao, qali, romelsac axla
qolga uWiravs, muslimia...~.
CemTvis vfiqrobdi: `es ra
ekumenuri dRe gamiTenda! Zalianac
kargi, rom arc qolga
da arc sawvimari ar wamoviRe,
Torem xom amcdeboda am keTil
adamianebTan Sexvedra~. asea,
roca Sen arafris saWiroebas
ar ganicdi da yvelafriT
uzrunvelyofili xar, maSin
arc sxva adamianebs saWiroeb,
magram roca gasaWirSi xar,
maSin Cndebian saWiro adamianebi.
ase xdeba adamianebis
erTmaneTTan SekavSireba da
am dros maTi gansxvavebuli
religiuri mrwamsi yovelgvar
mniSvnelobas kargavs. da
kidev erTi: Cven SeiZleba yvelafris
yidva movaxerxoT,
magram erTmaneTis mimarT amgvari
Tanadgoma da solidaroba
sxva gziT moipoveba~. 2
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

Jak gaio (Jacques Gaillot) 1935
wlis 11 seqtembers safrange-
Tis Crdilo-aRmosavleT provinciaSi
_ SampanSi _ daibada
(RvinoebiT saxelganTqmuli
swored am regionis saxeli
hqvia Sampanurs).
mas ymawvilobidanve surda
mRvdloba. saSualo skolis
damTavrebis Semdeg igi sasuliero
seminariaSi agrZelebs
swavlas. 1957-1959 wlebSi al-
Jiris omSi monawileobs, sadac
sakuTari TvaliT ixila omis
saSineleba. amis Semdeg masSi
araZaladobis filosofiis
gacnobis Zlieri interesi
Cndeba. 1960 wels igi romSi
miemgzavreba Teologiuri
ganaTlebis misaRebad. 1961
wels mRvdlad akurTxes.
1962-1964 wlebSi parizis
liturgikul institutSi
moRvaweobs, paralelurad
leqciebs kiTxulobs Sampanis
sasuliero seminariaSi.
1965 wlidan mama Jak gaio reimsis
regionaluri sasuliero
seminariis profesori xdeba.
xelmZRvanelobs sxdomebs,
romlebzec vatikanis meore
krebaze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis
praqtikuli ganxorcielebis
gzebi ganixileba.
1973 wels Tavis mSobliur
qalaqSi, sen dizierSi, samrevlos
xelmZRvanelad iniSneba,
imavdroulad parizis samRvdelo
kadrebis wvrTnisa da
gadamzadebis institutis TanaxelmZRvanelad
iwyebs muSaobas.
1982 wlidan ki mama Jaki
evres eparqiis kaTedris episkoposia.
episkoposobis pirvelive dReebidan
Jak gaiom imgvari sazogadoebrivi
aqtivoba wamoiw-
yo, romelic mas sakuTari
kaTedris fasad daujda.
Tavis pirvel saaRdgomo
epistoleSi igi wers: `qriste
kedlebs miRma mokvda. dabadebiTac
kedlebs gareT daibada.
amitom, Tuki gvsurs
aRdgomis naTeli vixiloT,
Cvenc kedlebs gareT unda
gavideT... me ar var eklesiaSi
imisTvis, rom qristes rwmena
vuqadago ukve morwmuneebs
da keTildReobaSi mcxovreb
adamianebze vizruno. me mowodebuli
var xeli gavuwodo
yvela dacemuls da sxvisi
tkivili Cems tkivilad vaqcio.
sad unda trialebdes episkoposi,
Tavis sakaTedro taZar-
Si Tu quCaSi?.. me gavakeTe
Cemi arCevani~ 3 .
amis Semdeg Jak gaio mis mier
gamoTqmuli am Sexedulebis
mixedviT iwyebs moqmedebas.
aq albaT ar iqneba uadgilo,
Tu kidev erT kaTolike episkoposs,
braziliis erT-erT
uRaribes regionSi (sadac man
mTeli sicocxle imsaxura)
mivlinebul mRvdelmTavars,
pedro kasaldaligasac vaxsenebT,
romelmac igive mizani
dausaxa sakuTar Tavs: `emsaxuro
adamianebs, es iyo iesos
mizani da Cemi mizanic es unda
iyos. gana RmerTis survili
ar aris adamianebi erTmaneTs
emsaxurebodnen?~ 4 qvemoT,
saTanado adgilebze, kvlav
davimowmebT am moRvawis
cxovrebis epizodebs, romlebic
episkopos gaios moRvaweobasTan
paralelebis gasavlebad
gamogvadgeba.
1983 wels Jak gaio sasamarTlo
procesze gamodis im kaTolikes
dasacavad, romelmac saku-
Tari sindisisa da religiuri
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
67
solidaroba
Sexedulebebis safuZvelze
uari ganacxada jarSi samsaxurze.
episkoposTa yovelwliur
krebaze Jak gaio im or
episkoposTagan erT-erTi iyo,
romlebmac gaaprotestes danarCen
episkoposTa (108 episkoposis)
mier damtkicebuli
dokumenti. es dokumenti mxars
uWerda birTvuli iaraRis,
rogorc legitimuri Tavdacvis
saSualebis, gamoyenebis
SesaZleblobas.
1985 wels man mxari dauWira
palestinelTa ajanyebas dapyrobil
teritoriebze da iasir
arafats Sexvda tunisSi. 1987
wels igi gaerom niu-iorkSi
miiwvia specialur sxdomaze
dasaswrebad, romelic birTvul
ganiaraRebas eZRvneboda.
franguli mediis yuradReba
episkoposma Jak gaiom pirvelad
1985 wels miipyro, rodesac
man kaTolikuri skolebis
arasakmarisad anazRaurebadi
maswavleblebis saxeliT
Sedgenil mimarTvas moawera
xeli. mas xeli moawera agreTve
safrangeTis komunisturi
partiis lidermac. am faqtis
gamo memarjvene saeklesio
wreebma gaios winaaRmdeg kampania
wamoiwyes. sakuTar eparqiaSi
presa mas uwodebda
`iaraRs eklesiis dauZinebeli
mtrebis xelSi~. 5
1987 wels Jak gaio samxreT
afrikaSi miemgzavreba im gogonas
sanaxavad, romelic evres
eparqiidan samxreT afrikaSi
aparteidis winaaRmdeg
mowyobil demonstraciaSi monawileobis
misaRebad Cavida
da iq mas amisTvis oTxi wliT
patimroba miusajes. iqve episkoposi
gaio Tavadac iRebs

#2(29)
monawileobas demonstraciaSi,
romelSic komunisti aqtivistebic
monawileobden. aRsaniSnavia,
rom samxreT afrikaSi
gamgzavrebis gamo man uari
ganacxada eparqiis sasuliero
pirebTan erTad q. lurdSi
mosalocad gamgzavrebaze.
misma am qmedebam mkacri
kritika daimsaxura saeklesio
wreebSi.
episkoposi Jak gaio xmamaRla
acxadebs, rom frangi episkoposebi
`zedmetad arian dakavebulni
eklesiisa da misi
struqturebis sworad funqcionirebaze
zrunviT~. 6 am
gancxadebam kidev ufro gaam-
Zafra manamde mis mimarT arsebuli
isedac mwvave kritikuli
ganwyoba. aqve davimowmebT
episkopos gaios mier sxva
viTarebaSi da sxva mizeziT
gamoTqmul sityvebs. igi ambobs,
sakmarisia gaWirvebuli
adamianebis yofas axlos gavecnoT
da gaviziaroT maTi
sawuxari, rom `Cveni eklesiis
bevri problema maSinve fardobiTad,naklebmniSvnelovnad
mogveCveneba!~. 7
1988 wels q. lurdSi, episkoposTa
daxurul sxdomaze, man
daojaxebuli mamakacebis
mRvdlad xeldasxmas dauWira
mxari. 8 sxdomis damTavrebis
Semdeg gaiom presas uambo
krebaze mimdinare diskusiis
Sesaxeb da gaimeora mis mier
am Sekrebaze gamoTqmuli
Sexedulebebi. samRvdeloTa
celibatis (dauqorwineblobis),
qalTa mRvdlobisa da
kondomis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli
poziciebis reviziisken
mowodebis gamo seriozuli
daZabuloba warmoiSva
massa da safrangeTis episko-
Solidarität
orientiri
posTa kolegias Soris. mdgomareoba
kidev ufro gaamwvava
im faqtma, rom sxdomis Sinaarsis
mediisTvis gacnobiT gaiom
daarRvia SeTanxmeba imis
Taobaze, rom amgvar krebebze
ganxiluli sakiTxebi ar unda
gaxmaurebuliyo. krebaze ganxiluli
erT-erTi sakiTxis
gamo igi aRniSnavs: `me Tavad
arasodes damirRvevia celibatis
aRTqma... me mxolod
eWvis qveS davayene misi mar-
Tebuloba. es ki gacilebiT
uaresia pirvelze~. 9 analogiuri
xedva hqonda episkopos
kasaldaligas, romelic sakmaod
damajerebeli da angariSgasawevi
argumentebiT
aris gamyarebuli: `yovelTvis
vfiqrobdi da axlac mimaCnia,
rom kaTolike mRvdlebisTvis
savaldebulo celibati absurduli
da usamarTloa. Cemi
survilia momavalma papma es
gaauqmos, vinaidan mas mxolod
maSin aqvs fasi, Tu is
Tavisufali arCevanis Sedegia.
(...) Tuki celibatis arCeva
Tavisufali iqneba, maSin daojaxebul
mamakacebs SeeZlebaT
mRvdlad ekurTxon da
aRar gveqneba pedofiliis
saSineli SemTxvevebi~. 10 qalTa
mRvdlobis sakiTxze ki Semdegs
ambobs: `...qali yoveld-
Riurad ufro Zlierdeba,
ufro kargad aris momzadebuli
eklesiaSi msaxurebisTvis.
miuxedavad amisa, misi xeldasxma
akrZalulia. rogor
SeuZlia eklesias isaubros
adamianis uflebebze, rodesac
is aris erTaderTi instituti,
romelic agrZelebs
qalebis diskriminacias...~ 11
swored kontraceptivebia
erT-erTi im sakiTxTagan, romelTa
gamoc vatikans akri-
68
}'vh'mksr
tikebs sxva saxelganTqmuli
kaTolike Teologi _ hans kiungi.
kidev SeiZleboda msgavsi
poziciis mqone naklebad
cnobil kaTolike TeologTa
Tu ierarqTa dasaxelebac,
romlebsac, samwuxarod, am
etapze ar ZaluZT kaTolikuri
eklesiis oficialuri poziciis
Secvla. ufro metic: miuxedavad
imisa, rom TviT
vatikanis mesveurTa Sorisac
ki ar arsebobs erTgvarovani
pozicia kanonikuri da eTikuri
sakiTxebis Taobaze, am
mimarTulebiT raime cvlilebebis
perspeqtiva mainc ar SeimCneva.
12
aqve unda avRniSnoT, rom
romis papisgan gansxvavebiT,
amJamindeli msoflio patriarqis,
barTlomeosis pozicia
kontraceptivebis gamoyenebasTan
dakavSirebiT srulad
emTxveva am `disidenti~ kaTolike
moRvaweebis pozicias.
olivie klemani miuTiTebs,
rom patriarq barTlomeoss,
misi winamorbedis, aTenagoras
msgavsad, sakmaod liberaluri
damokidebuleba aqvs aRniSnul
problemasTan: `...Tu qalsa
da vaJs WeSmariti siyvaruliT
uyvarT erTmaneTi, maSin
me araferi mesaqmeba maT sawol
oTaxSi! Sobadobis kontrolis
meTodebTan dakavSirebiT
ki maT, dae, sakuTari
sindisiTa da eqimis rCeviT
ixelmZRvanelon. es Cemi saqme
ar aris~. 13
1989 wels Jak gaiom monawileoba
miiRo episkopos b. h. gregoris
(1750-1831) neStis safrangeTis
erovnul gmirTa
panTeonSi gadmosvenebis ceremonialSi.
gregoris mniSvnelovani
wvlili hqonda Seta-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

nili monobis institutis
gauqmebasa da SavkanianTa da
ebraelTa diskriminaciis Se-
CerebaSi franguli revoluciis
dros. kaTolikuri eklesiis
ierarqiam dagmo episkoposi
gregori samRvdeloebis
samoqalaqo konstituciis
(Civil Constitution of the Clergy) mi-
RebisTvis. gaio erTaderTi
frangi episkoposi iyo, romelmac
monawileoba miiRo am
ceremonialSi. amis Semdeg igi
kidev ufro STambeWdav reputacias
iZens, rogorc uaryofiTi,
aseve dadebiTi azriT.
1989 wlis ganmavlobaSi imdenad
izrdeba safrangeTis episkoposTa
kolegiis ukmayofileba
`sxvagvarad moazrovne~
episkoposis mimarT, rom ukve
mTeli episkopati, gamonaklisis
gareSe, oficialurad
gmobs mas. amgvari reaqcia,
ZiriTadad, gamoiwvia misi
intervius gamoqveynebam
Jurnal Lui-Si (Playboy-s franguli
ekvivalentSi). episkoposi
gaio wamyvan gei-Jurnalebsac
aZlevs interviuebs
da sajarod akritikebs kaTolikur
ierarqias adamianis
seqsualuri cxovrebis sakiTxebSi
umecrebis gamo.
1989 wlis damlevs gaio cdilobs
`moWkviandes~, awers ra
xels gancxadebas, sadac ierarqias
romis papisadmi `loialobasa~
da morCilebas hpirdeba.
Tumca `Serigebis aqti~ didxans
ar gagrZelebula. erT
kviraSi gaio televiziiT gamodis,
sadac kvlav emijneba
episkoposTa ZiriTad nawils.
igi aRniSnavs, rom `eklesiis
SigniT TiTqmis ar arsebobs
debatebi~ da mwuxarebas
gamoxatavs imis gamo, rom
vatikanis meore krebis Semdeg
eklesiaSi araviTari progresi
ar SeimCneva. 14 cvlilebebisa
da ganaxlebis saWiroebaze
saubrobs episkoposi kasaldaligac:
`eklesia valdebulia
xels uwyobdes cvlilebebs,
imis magivrad, rom gmobdes
maT. yvelaferi SefardebiTia
RmerTisa da adamianis garda~. 15
gaios televiziiT xSiri gamosvlebis
gamoc akritikeben.
amis gamo igi aRniSnavda, rom
Tu xalxi jer kidev iCens interess
sasuliero piris mimarT,
ese igi, maT jer kidev
ainteresebT eklesiis pozicia
ama Tu im sakiTxze. gavrcelebuli
xmebis mixedviT,
igi TiTqos qalebs abortisken
mouwodebda, magram episkoposi
gaio mxolod imas ambobs,
rom ar SeuZlia da arc
survili aqvs is qali ganikiTxos,
romelic aseT mdgomareobaSi
aRmoCnda. Tumca misi
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
69
solidaroba
amgvari Semwynarebluri damokidebulebac
ki eklesiis
swavlebis sawinaaRmdego
poziciad CaiTvala.
amrigad, episkopos gaios
pirovnebis ganuwyveteli
diskreditacia isev `Sinaurebis~,
sasuliero pirebis mxridan
xdeba: iqneba es homoseqsualizmis,
rasizmis, antisemitizmis
dausabuTebeli braldebebi
Tu misi fsiqopaTad
da aranormalur adamianad
moxsenieba. arc gaio rCeboda
valSi. man aiaTolas 16 Seadara
arqiepiskoposi diuvali,
romelic `ideologiuri
erTgvarovnebis~ damyarebas
cdilobs safrangeTis
episkoposTa kolegiumSi.
saukeTeso damadasturebeli
sabuTi episkopos gaios survilisa,
ufro metic, wyurvilisa,
rac SeiZleba xSirad yofiliyo
xelmisawvdomi gaWir-

#2(29)
vebuli da tanjuli adamianebisTvis,
aris Semdegi faqti:
evres eparqiaSi msaxurebis
dasasruls mas ufro meti
patimari hyavda monaxulebuli
cixeebSi, vidre nebismier
episkoposs safrangeTis mTeli
istoriis manZilze. es ki
sruliad bunebrivia iseTi
msoflmxedvelobis matarebeli
adamianisTvis, rogoric
episkoposi Jak gaioa. mogvianebiT,
farTo auditoriis
winaSe warmoTqmul sityvaSi,
is ityvis: `qriste Tavis saxarebas
ara mxolod Cagrul da
devnil adamianebs auwyebs,
aramed igi Tavad xdeba ase-
Ti~. 17 episkopos pedro kasaldaligasac
gacnobierebuli
aqvs sxvaTa gaWirvebis saku-
Tar Tavze gancdis aucilebloba:
`mTeli cxovreba vebrZodi
am usamarTlobas da
Cemi brZola WeSmariti rom
yofiliyo, vigrZeni, TviTon
unda vyofiliyavi Raribi~. 18
1995 wlis 13 ianvars episkoposi
gaio vatikanSi gamoiZaxes,
episkoposTa kongregaciis
prefeqtTan, kardinal gantin-
Tan Sesaxvedrad. gadawyvetileba
winaswar iyo miRebuli:
mas evres eparqiis kaTedra
unda daetovebina da parTeniis
eparqiis titularul
(nominalur) episkoposad
unda gadasuliyo.
parTeniis eparqia, romelic
axla alJiris udabnoSia, saerTod
ar arsebobda vatikanis
religiur rukaze me-5 saukunidan
moyolebuli (manamde
es eparqia mavritaniis teritoriaze
iyo). es Tanamdeboba
araviTar pastoraluri funqciebis
aRsrulebas ar moiTxovda,
Tumca episkoposma
Solidarität
orientiri
gaiom internetiT gaagrZela
Tavisi msaxureba, rogorc
`virtualurma episkoposma~.
episkoposis rezidenciidan
gandevnis Semdeg igi parizis
cnobil dragonis quCaze midis,
sadac aralegali emigrantebi
binadroben, da erTi wlis
ganmavlobaSi maTTan erTad
cxovrobs. mas vatikanis
winaaRmdeg buntis mowyobas
sTavazobdnen, Tumca Tavisi
pastoraluri moRvaweobis
gagrZeleba arCia mis garSemo
Seqmnil axal viTarebaSi.
taZrisa da eparqiis gareSe
darCenil episkoposs zogjer
esa Tu is samrevlo iwvevs mesis
Casatareblad an qadagebis
warmosaTqmelad. rogorc
wesi, episkoposebi uars eubnebian
mas RvTismsaxurebis er-
Toblivad Catarebaze, Tumca
maT Sorisac aris zogierTi
gamonaklisi.
episkoposi gaio erT-erT interviuSi
ambobs, rom Raribeb-
Tan cxovrebam mas ori ram
aswavla: `...pirveli: mocemuli
dRiT cxovreba momdevno
dReebisTvis yovelgvari gegmebis
dawyobis gareSe. rogorc
saxarebaSi weria, `xvale
TviTon izrunebs TavisTvis,
radgan yovel dRes eyofa
Tavisi sazrunavi (zogierTi
TargmaniT: boroteba)~ (mT.
6:34), xval sxva dRe iqneba; da
meore: sixarulis gancda. rakiRa
RaribTa cxovreba mZimea,
isini gansakuTrebulad xaroben
erTad yofniT da SesaSuri
xelgaSlilobiT uziareben
erTmaneTs, rasac dRiurad
Souloben~. 19 episkoposi pedro
kasaldaliga ki Semdegi
sityvebiT gadmogvcems Tavis
gamocdilebas: `vinc Raribeb-
70
}'vh'mksr
Tan erTad cxovrobs, mxolod
mas SeuZlia dainaxos maTi
udidesi unari _ unari imisa,
rom gagiyon ukanaskneli lukma.
marTlac saocaria, rom,
miuxedavad didi ubedurebisa,
maT SeuZliaT iyvnen mxiarulni.
aseve saocaria maTi mimtevebloba.
maxsovs erTi kaci,
romelsac xuTi Svili moukles,
magram man SeZlo damna-
SaveTa patieba...~ 20
evres eparqiidan episkopos
gaios daTxovnam Zlieri emociuri
reaqciebi gamoiwvia
uamrav adamianSi, rogorc safrangeTSi,
aseve mis farglebs
gareT. sakaTedro taZarSi
mis ukanasknel mesas ramdenime
aTasi kaci daeswro, romlebmac
RvTismsaxurebis dasrulebis
Semdeg demonstraciuli
msvleloba moawyves
quCaSi vatikanis gadawyvetilebis
gaprotestebis mizniT.
demonstracia, romelsac gadauRebelma
wvimamac ver SeuSala
xeli, regionis komunisti
gubernatoris xelmZ-
RvanelobiT mimdinareobda.
evres eparqiisTvis episkopos
gaios CamoSoreba sazogadoebam
da zogierTma sasuliero
pirma Secdomad aRiara. ase
fiqrobdnen is arareligiuri
adamianebic, romlebic episkoposisadmi
aSkara simpaTiiT
iyvnen gamsWvalulni. gaios
gadayenebis gamo 40 aTasma adamianma
gaugzavna saprotesto
werili vatikansa da sxvadasxva
cnobil prelats.
im droisTvis Catarebulma
sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvam
warmoaCina, rom franguli
sazogadoebis didi nawili
ar iwonebda gaios winaaR-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

mdeg gatarebul sanqciebs:
64% aprotestebda am zomas;
25% neitralur pozicias
afiqsirebda; mxolod 11% iwonebda
vatikanis gadawyvetilebas.
rogorc mogvianebiT
Catarebulma gamokiTxvam
aCvena, gaios mxardamWerTa
ricxvi 75%-mde gaizarda.
arc Tavad frangul saeklesio
wreebSi iyo amis gamo erTgvarovani
reaqcia. monsinior
Jan miSel di falkom, safrangeTis
episkoposTa kolegiumis
oficialurma warmomadgenelma,
ganacxada, rom kardinali
kofi da arqiepiskoposi diuvali
`aSkarad SeSfoTebulni~
arian vatikanis mier gaios
winaaRmdeg gatarebuli sanqciebis
gamo. diuvali mogvianebiT
oficialur gancxadebas
akeTebs, sadac aRniSnavs,
rom igi `roms meti moTminebis
gamoCenas sTxovda~. misi
TqmiT, amgvari qmedeba `avtoritaruli
aqtia, romelsac
verasodes Seurigdeba sazogadoeba~.
21 arqiepiskoposi
Jak delaportec cdilobs
gaios dacvas: `es qmedeba Wrilobaa
Cveni eklesiisTvis... es
gaugebrobis seriozuli wyaroa
yvela im adamianisTvis,
romelic WeSmaritebas eZebs
eklesiaSi da romelsac ndoba
aqvs eklesiis mimarT~. 22
evres eparqiidan gandevnis
Semdeg episkoposi gaio werda:
`Cemi ocneba iyo, rom TiToeuli
SeWirvebuli, devnili,
Cagruli da yvelasgan zurg-
Seqceuli adamianisTvis gamewvdina
xeli da nugeSi meca;
rom yovelTvis SemZleboda
iq wasvla, saiTkenac adamian-
Ta tanjva mixmobda; rom Sem-
Zleboda protesti gamomexa-
ta gausaZlisi siRatakis,
usamarTlobis, Zaladobis,
iaraRiT vaWrobisa da sxva
msgavsi simaxinjeebis gamo...~ 23
episkoposi Jak gaio, sakuTari
iniciativiT, kvlav aRasrulebs
Tavis pastoralur
misias miusafari da marginalizebuli
adamianebisTvis
(rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
igi gaTavisuflebul iqna
amgvari funqciebisgan), kvlav
mogzaurobs safrangeTis
sxvadasxva mxareSi da mis
farglebs gareTac, qadagebs
qristes saxarebas, romlis
Sinaarsic mniSvnelovnad
aris minavlebuli zogierTi
regionis mkvidrTa gawarmar-
Tebul cnobierebaSi. episkoposi
Rrmad aris darwmunebuli,
rom ieso ara mxolod qristianebs,
aramed mTel kacobriobas
ekuTvnis. igi cdilobs
aralegali emigrantebis uflebebic
daicvas da rogorme
Seamsubuqos maTi gausaZlisi
yofa.
1995 wels episkoposi gaio
monawileobs organizacia Call
to Action-is 24 mier detroitSi
mowyobil konferenciaSi, rogorc
erT-erTi mTavari spikeri.
igi sam sxdomas waruZ-
Rva. mis garda konferencias
sxva `disidenti~ kaTolike
Teologebic xelmZRvanelobdnen,
romelTa Soris iyvnen
prof. hans kiungi da episkoposi
Tomas gumbletoni.
saerTod, episkoposi gaio
Zalian energiulad da aqtiurad
eweoda Tavis saqmianobas.
amis gamo xSirad vatikani
ubralod iZulebuli iyo, ase
vTqvaT, `pirdapiri CareviT~
SeeCerebina igi. magaliTad,
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
71
solidaroba
papma ione-pavle I I -m uSualod
mas gaugzavna brZanebuleba,
rom ar Caetarebina konferencia
seqsualuri umciresobebis
problemebze.
2004 wels, kaTolike axalgazrdobis
saerTaSoriso dRes,
episkoposi gaio sityviT unda
gamosuliyo q. bonSi gamar-
Tul seminarze. Tumca kiolnis
kardinalma ioaxim meisnerma
kaTolikuri eklesiis
kanonikuri kodeqsis 736-e
kanonis damowmebiT, romelic
episkoposs ukrZalavs qadagebis
warmoTqmas sxva eparqiaSi,
`Tuki igi mcdar swavlebas
qadagebs~, mas sxdomaze
sityvis warmoTqma aukrZala.
episkoposi mSvidad da RimiliT
ambobda: `me amikrZales
laparaki, magram SeuZlebelia
WeSmaritebis sityva didxans
daabrkolo~.
aRniSnuli seminari damoukidebeli
kaTolikuri Jurnalis
“Public Forum”-is mier iyo
organizebuli. redaqciis
TanamSromlebma oficialuri
gancxadeba gaakeTes da dagmes
kardinal meisneris saqcieli.
redaqciam xalxs mouwoda
daecvaT seminarze gamomsvlelebi
`kardinalis agresiuli
da briyvuli gamoxdomisgan~.
seminari momdevno
wels kiolnSi Catarda. yvela
monawiles (1300 adamians)
xelSi wiTeli baraTi eWira,
romelsac msajebi fexburTelis
moednidan gaZevebisas iyeneben.
am baraTebis adresati
kardinali meisneri iyo.
yvelaze cnobili faqti episkopos
gaios uflebadacviTi
moRvaweobisa safrangeTis
erT-erTi uflebadamcveli

#2(29)
episkopos Jak gaios
zogierTi gamonaTqvami:
`swored saxarebam maswavla, rom
siyvaruli ufro Zlieria, vidre
wesebi da kanonebi~.
`Cven Zalian did mniSvnelobas
vaniWebT paps da saerTod papobis
instituts. Rrmad mwams, rom
momavalSi reformebis impulsi
qvemodan, xal-xisgan wamova da ara
zemodan _ ierarqiisgan~.
`Tuki Cveni amosavali wertili da
mTavari Rirebuleba TviT adamiani
iqneba, maSin yvelaferi TavisTavad
ganaxldeba _ liturgiac,
Teologiuri azrovnebac da
mTlianad saeklesio cxovrebac~.
`zogjer eklesia indiferentulia
adamianis uflebebisadmi, magram
saxareba arasodes aris
neitraluri am sakiTxis mimarT~.
`ratom uaryves ieso? amis
erT-erTi mTavari mizezi Semdegi
iyo: misma uCveulo da Tavisufalma
msjelobebma SiSi gamoiwvia
adamianebSi. maT dainaxes, rom
SesaZlebeli iyo sxvagvarad,
gansxvavebulad cxovreba, magram
amis Sedegad SeiZleba bevri ram
daekargaT (avtoriteti,
materialuri mdgomareoba,
megobrebi da sxv.)
da maT SeeSindaT amgvari
gansxvavebulobis~.
Solidarität
orientiri
organizaciis «Droits Devant»-is
(frang. `uflebebi upirveles
yovlisa~) TanaTavmjdomareobaa.
ararsebuli eparqiis, parTeniis,
nominalur episkoposad
gadayvanis Semdgom man es eparqia
internetsaitis (www.partenia.org)
saxiT aRadgina.
2007 wlidan episkoposi gaio
cdilobs ufro aqtiurad
gamoiyenos interneti: Google
Video-ze aqveynebs sakuTar
video interviuebs sxvadasxva
sakiTxze. mas 12-mde wigni aqvs
gamoqveynebuli. sazogadoebis
yvelaze didi yuradReba
miipyro misma wignma «A Cry on
Exclusion», romelSic safrange-
Tis saemigracio kanonebia
gakritikebuli (es garemoeba
erT-erT mizezad gamoadga
vatikans misi daTxovnisas).
gaios meore cnobili wigni ki
(«Voice from the Desert: A Bishop’s
Cry for a New Church») misi dasjis
Semdeg aris dawerili da
ZiriTadad avtobiografiuli
xasiaTisaa.
episkopos Jak gaios xSirad
pirvel `virtualur episkoposs~
uwodeben. igi ambobs,
rom arasodes Sewyvets papis
konservatiuli poziciisagan
gansxvavebuli socialuri da
moraluri principebis qadagebas.
`eparqiidan Cems Camo-
Sorebas, _ ambobs igi, _ erTaderTi
mizani hqonda: xma ve-
Rar mimewvdina adamianebisTvis.
magram aseTma strategiam
ar gaamarTla, radgan axla
ufro meti adamiani mismens
eleqtronuli saSualebebiT~.
72
}'vh'mksr
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

SeniSvnebi:
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
73
solidaroba
1 maRali ierarqiis sasuliero piris aRmniSvneli sityva romis kaTolikur eklesiaSi.
igivea, rac qarTuli `meufe~ (mimarTva episkoposisadmi).
2 The Virtual Diocese. Interview with Bishop Gaillot, p. 4 // http://gvanv.com/compass/arch/v1404/
gaillot.html
3 Commonweal.Provocateur or prophet? The French church & Bishop Gaillot p.2, // http://findarticles.com/
p/articles/mi_m1252/is_n17_v122/ai_17564085/
4 Raribebis episkoposi. interviu ep. pedro kasaldaligasTan // Jurn. `arCevani~, #7-8,
2006, gv. 95.
5 iqve, p. 6
6 iqve, p. 4
7 Bishop Jacques Gaillot. My Option for the Poor. Call to Action Conference, Detroit, 1996, p. 5 // http://
www.cta-usa.org/resgaillot.html
8 rogorc cnobilia, kaTolikuri eklesiis samRvdeloeba aucileblad dauqorwinebeli
unda iyos, gansxvavebiT marTlmadidebeli eklesiis tradiciisgan, romlis Tanaxmadac
daSvebulia rogorc ucolo (e.w. Savi samRvdeloeba), aseve colosani (e.w. TeTri
samRvdeloeba) sasuliero pirebis msaxureba eklesiaSi.
9 Commonwealth. Provokateur or Prophet?... p. 4.
10 Raribebis episkoposi // Jurn. `arCevani~, #7-8, 2006, gv. 96.
11 iqve, gv. 99 (qalTa xeldasxmis sakiTxze marTlmadidebluri poziciisTvis ix. cnobili
ingliseli marTlmadidebeli Teologis, oqsfordis universitetis gadamdgari
profesoris, episkopos kalistos ueris narkvevi (krebulSi: Ýëèçàáåò Áåð-Ñèæåëü, Åï.
Êàëëèñò (Óýð). Ðóêîïîëîæåíèå æåíùèí â Ïðàâîñëàâíîé öåðêâèþ Ì., ÁÁÈ, 2000),
romelSic Zalze saintereso, ase vTqvaT, `rkinis argumentebia~ warmodgenili qalTa
mRvdlobis sasargeblod.
12 amgvari `ideologiuri siWrelis~ Taobaze qarTveli mkiTxvelisTvis yvelaze xelmisawvdom
wyaros warmoadgens interviu kaTolike TeologTan, mama erns kristof zutnerTan,
romelic acxadebs, rom vatikanSi `iseve sxvadasxvagvarad arian ganwyobilni,
rogori pluralistulic aris TviT kaTolikuri eklesia. yvela tendencia da, warmoidgineT,
tendenciebis niuansebic ki, romlebic warmodgenilia Tanamedrove kaTolikur
RvTismetyvelebaSi, mxardamWerebs oficialur vatikanSic poulobs~ (ix. Jurn.
`arCevani~, #3-4, 2006, gv. 86).
13 O. Clement. Conversations with Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I. N-Y, SVS Press, 1997, p. 128.
14 saeklesio istoriis sakiTxebSi gauTviTcnobierebeli mkiTxvelisTvis avRniSnavT, rom
kaTolikuri eklesiis istoriaSi vatikanis meore kreba (1963-65) marTlac epoqaluri
mniSvnelobis movlena gaxldaT, radgan swored am krebis wyalobiT kardinalurad
Seicvala da gadafasda eklesiis swavleba sxva religiebis, adamianis uflebebisa da
zogadad Tanamedrove samyarosadmi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. agreTve gatarda
liturgikuli reforma. Tumca darCa iseTi sakiTxebic, romelTac araviTari cvlileba
ar ganucdia, mag., papis primatisa da ucdomelobis dogma, romelic dRes ukve
aqtiurad ganixileba, aseve zogierTi sxva kanonikuri da eTikuri sakiTxi.
15 Raribebis episkoposi // Jurn. `arCevani~, #7-8, 2006, gv. 99.
16 aiaTola _ iranSi Siiti muslimebis religiuri lideri.
17 J. Gaillot. My Option for the Poor... p. 1
18 Raribebis episkoposi // Jurn. `arCevani~, #7-8, 2006, gv. 96.
19 The Virtual Diocese. Interview with J. Gaillot... p. 3.
20 Raribebis episkoposi // Jurn. `arCevani~, #7-8, 2006, gv. 99-100.
21 His Holiness, Carl Bernstein & Marco Politi, p. 509 // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Gaillot#cite_note-16
22 National Catholic Reporter. Protests follow French bishop’s removal // http://findarticles.com/p/articles/
mi_m1141/is_n13_v31/ai_16531819/
23 Jacques Gaillot, Voice From The Desert // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Gaillot#cite_ref-17
24 Call to Action _ es aris saxelwodeba im organizaciisa, romelic romis kaTolikur
eklesiaSi propagandas uwevs qalTa mRvdlobas, savaldebulo celibatis gauqmebas da
sxv. es organiziacia vatikanma gaakritika kaTolikur eklesiaSi memarcxene
Sexedulebebis popularizaciisTvis.

#2(29)
Solidarität
Cveni wre
bavSvebi
quCaSi
`ar arseboben bavSvebi, romlebic cudad iqcevian,
arian mxolod cudi yofa-qcevis ufrosebi~.
Harry Bakwin
naTia guliaSvili
axal, postsabWoTa, realoba-
Si, roca es bavSvebi quCaSi
pirvelad gamoCndnen, socialistur
Tanasworobasa da
dasaqmebis problemis ararsebobas
SeCveuli qarTuli
sazogadoeba maT araerTgvarovani
reaqciiT Sexvda.
wlebis manZilze gansakuTrebuli
riskis qveS myofi bav-
Svebis ricxvi saqarTvelos
did da yofil industriul
qalaqebSi TandaTan izrdeboda.
qarxnebis masobriv daxurvas
mosaxleobis, ufro mamakacTa,
Semosavlebis pirdapirproporciuli
Semcireba
da axali socialur-ekonomikuri
problemebis gaCena mohyva
_ samuSaos saZebnelad
wasuli mamebisa da yuradRebis
miRma darCenili, quCaSi
gamosuli Svilebis raodenobam
imata.
aseTi procesi uxilavad vi-
Tardeba da didad ar gawuxebs
manam, sanam TavisTvis arian
da Sen ar gexebian. viRacam
74
}'vh'mksr
sargebelic naxa _ jer kidev
6-7 wlis win e.w. quCis bavSvebis
yoveldRiurad naSovni
Tanxis TiTqmis naxevari policielebis
jibeSi gadadioda da
problemac ase `gvardeboda~.
nino zuriaSvili, Jurnalisti,
romelmac riskis qveS myof
bavSvebze Jurnalisturi
gamoZieba daiwyo, ixsenebs:
`2002 wels gadaviReT
filmi quCis bavSvebze.
maSin maT specialuri
birJebi hqondaT, sadac
Rames aTevdnen. dekember-
Si, yinvaSi, roca films
viRebdiT, isini koconis
irgvliv ikribebodnen.
es SevardnaZis xana iyo,
policia maTi saSualebiT
fuls akeTebda. gldanis
izolatoric arsebobda,
Tavisi karceriT da zogierTi
iq mihyavdaT. bir-
Jis wevrebi xSirad fuls
agrovebdnen amxanagebis
gamosasyidad.
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

marTalia, klasikuri Jurnalisturi
gamoZieba maSin
ar gamovida, magram erTi
Tve maTTan erTad vicxovre.
maTi ndoba movipov,
rac arc ise advilia. mere
xalxi gvirekavda da gveubneboda,
rom daasaqmebdnen
am bavSvebs, magram maT
yvelaze metad reabilitacia
sWirdebodaT~.
reabilitaciis centrebis Ziri-
Tadi nawili, iseve rogorc
maSin, dResac arasamTavrobo
seqtorisgan finansdeba. rac
Seexeba saxelmwifo struqturebs,
erTi centris nawilobrivi
da ori maTganis sruli
programuli dafinanseba 2009
wlidan jandacvis saministros
kompetenciaSi gadavida.
aqedan erT-erTi zemoxsenebuli
gldanis izolatoris gauqmebis
Semdeg Seiqmna imave
adgilas 2005 wels.
socialuri adaptaciis centri
sadReRamisoa, sadac gansakuTrebuli
riskis qveS myofi
bavSvebi nebismier dros pirdapir
quCidan midian. ramden
xans darCebian da rodis wavlen,
maT survilzea damokidebuli.
Sesabamisad, kontingenti,
romelic am centrSi
modis, da problemebic, sxva
amgvari dawesebulebebisgan
gansxvavebiT, aratipuria.
fsiqo-socialuri mizezi, rac
gansakuTrebuli riskis qveS
myofi bavSvebis quCaSi gamosvlis
safuZveli xdeba, TiTqmis
yvelasTvis saerToa _ es
aris mSoblebTan konfliqti,
ZiriTadad am ukanasknelTa
arajansaRi cxovrebis wesiT
(alkoholizmi, prostitucia,
Svilebis iZulebiT gaSveba
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
75
solidaroba

#2(29)
quCaSi saSovarze) gamowveuli.
saerToa Sedegebic:
`patarebs, yvelaze msubuq
SemTxvevaSi, sociopaTia,
asocialuri, deviaciuri
qcevebi aqvT, rac
jer kidev ar aris daavadeba
da Tu am periodSi
quCas mowydebian, SesaZlebelia
kvlav socialurebi
gaxdnen. Tu arada,
Semdeg es yovelive fsiqopaTiaSi
gadadis. am bav-
Svebis 100% Zaladobis
msxverplia. ginaxavT patara,
4-5 wlis bavSvi, romelsac
eTqvas, dedikos
uWirs, unda wavide, vimaTxovro
da davexmaroo?
bavSvi am asakSi ar iRebs
aseT gadawyvetilebas, anu
yvela SemTxvevaSi isini
mSoblis iZulebiT gadian
quCaSi. rogorc ki am gziT
fulis Sovnas SeeCvevian,
maTi ukan dabruneba
TiTqmis SeuZlebelia.
Tu daabruneb, unda Caketo,
izolaciaSi gyavdes,
ra Tqma unda, saTanado
zrunvasac ar unda aklebde,
ramdenime TviT unda
moaSoro dedas, romelic
quCaSi gasvlas aiZulebs.
es mxolod erTi etapia,
maT swor gzaze dayenebas
Semdgom kidev didi muSaoba
sWirdeba,
_ ambobs socialuri adaptaciis
centris direqtori,
fsiqologi qeTi kobalaZe.
asocialur garemoSi cxovrebas
mohyveba akademiuri Camor-
Cena (umravlesoba skolaSi
ar dadis an mxolod 1-2 klasis
ganaTleba aqvs), naadrevi
seqsualuri gamocdileba,
amas emateba webos moxmareba.
Solidarität
Cveni wre
webo, rogorc toqsikuri da
aqroladi nivTiereba, nervul
sistemaze Zlier momwamlav
zemoqmedebas axdens,
iwvevs mexsierebis da aRqmiTi
procesebis darRvevas. webos
siiafisa da xelmisawvdomobis
gamo mzrunvelobamoklebuli
da riskis qveS myofi bavSvebi
misi xSiri momxmareblebi arian.
marTalia, asaki rom ematebaT
xSirad TviTonve anebeben
mas Tavs, magram am sawamlavis
xangrZlivi gamoyenebis Sedegi
yovelTvis mZimea. qeTi kobalaZis
azriT, bavSvebs avtoagresia
ufro axasiaTebT,
vidre sxvis mimarT gamoxatuli
agresiuli qcevebi.
socialuri adaptaciis centrSi
bavSvebis miReba yovelgvari
sabuTis gareSe xdeba.
arsebobis dRidan miRebuli
4-wliani gamocdileba ki ase-
Tia _ am wlebis ganmavlobaSi
450 registrirebuli bavSvidan
TiTqmis arcerTs ar hqonia
dabadebis mowmoba, anu
bavSvebi `oficialurad~ ar
arsebobdnen. rogorc direqtori
ambobs, maTgan 200 adamiani,
faqtobrivad, aq mosvlis
Semdeg `Seqmnes~. amas
ukavSirdeba kidev erTi problema
_ bavSvebis gvaris dadgena.
isev statistika: registrirebuli
bavSvebis daaxloebiT
10%-ma Tqva namdvili
gvari. danarCen 90%-Si ise-
Tebic arian, vinc sakuTari
gvari ar icis. umetesobas
mama ara hyavs _ an gaSorebia
dedas, an gardacvlila, an
kidev misi vinaoba daudgenelia.
zogjer arc dedas aqvs
piradobis damadasturebeli
mowmoba.
aq iseT bavSvebsac SexvdebiT,
quCaSi rom ar ucxovriaT,
magram ukiduresi materialu-
76
}'vh'mksr
ri gaWirvebis gamo iZulebuli
gaxdnen centrSi mosuliyvnen.
ase rom ar moqceuliyvnen,
isinic quCis bavSvebad
gadaiqceodnen.
`Rame metroSi vicdidiT,
Zalian gviani iyo. patrulma
mogviyvana aq~,
_ miyveba 6 wlis qristina,
romelic tyup dasTan, dedas-
Tan da ufros dasTan erTad
daaxloebiT erTi Tvea aq
cxovrobs. dedas mamasTan
oficialurad ar uqorwinia,
amitom bavSvebi Tavis gvarze
hyavs. meoTxe Svili somxeTSi,
mamasTan cxovrobs.
adre muSaobda, qiriT cxovrobdnen,
mere samsaxuri dakarga
da qiris gadaxdac aRar
SeeZlo. ase rom, SvilebTan
erTad TviTonac aq aRmoCnda.
`adre TiTo bavSvze TveSi
5-5 lars maZlevdnen, 2007
wels ki egec gaauqmes.
sxva aranairi polisi an
SeRavaTi ar maqvs. axla aq
movediT, magram rodemde
unda davrCeT, ar vici~.
salome TurmaniZe ki bebos-
Tan erTad movida 6 Tvis win.
deda patimaria. 3 welia, rac
cixeSi zis, da darCenil erT
wels, savaraudod, pirobiTi
sasjeliT Seucvlian. ambobs,
rom mama adre gardaecvala,
Tumca manamde:
`patara viyavi maSin,
mamaCemi karts TamaSobda
da `zalogSi~ Camsva, 2 dRe
iq viyavi, sanam bebiaCemi
baTumSi wavida, saxli gayida
da fuli Camoitana~,
_ hyveba salome. TbilisSi ki
meore saxli, sadac ojaxi
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

cxovrobda, dedis cixeSi
moxvedris Semdeg gaagiraves.
salome da bebo naqiravebSi
gadavidnen da roca qiris
gadaxdac veRar SeZles,
isinic aq moxvdnen.
ufrosebs janmrTelobis seriozuli
problemebi aqvT,
magram finansuri daxmareba
centrSi mxolod bavSvebs
eZlevaT.
adaptaciis centri, iseve,
rogorc sxva bavSvTa saxlebi,
6-dan 18 wlamde beneficiarebzea
gaTvlili, Tumca aq
zrdasruli adamianebic cxovroben,
vinc daarsebis dRidan
centrSi arian _ arc wasasvleli
aqvT sadme da arc damoukideblad
Tavis rCenis
SesaZlebloba. am adamianebis-
Tvis ar arsebobs aranairi
saxelmwifo politika, daxmarebis
programebi.
maTTvis ki, vinc asakobriv
moTxovnas akmayofilebs, adaptaciis
centrs ramdenime
programa aqvs SemuSavebuli.
bavSvebis nawili skolaSi dadis,
centris pedagogebi ki
mecadineobaSi exmarebian maT.
pedagogebTan erTad, Tu sa-
Wiroa, fsiqologebic erTvebian
muSaobaSi. survilis Sem-
TxvevaSi bavSvebi xeze da
Teqaze muSaobas swavloben.
Tumca, rogorc qeTi kobala-
Ze ambobs, umZimes cxovrebagamovlili
bavSvebi guls ver
udeben Sromas. nebisyofis
gamomuSaveba, fsiqologiuri
aramdgradobis daZleva miT
ufro uWirT, rac ufro adreuli
asakidan gavidnen qu-
CaSi, rac ufro xangrZlivi `qu-
Cis gamocdileba~ mohyvaT aq.
am gamocdilebis mqone ufrosebs
ki, patarebisgan gansxva-
vebiT, ar surT TavianT warsulze
saubari. roca ramdenime
saaTs maT garemocvaSi
atareb, gakvirdebian, erTdroulad
_ interesiT da undoblobiT.
TiTqmis yvela, vinc
mogvianebiT dagvTanxmda saubarze
(oRond xmis Camweris
gamoyenebis gareSe), ambobs,
rom Jurnalistebs ar endoba,
rom bevrjer borotad isargebles
maTi ndobiT da moatyues.
saubrisas xSirad mekiTxebian
xom ar maqvs CarTuli
Camweri.
marTlacda, media zogjer
Soud aqcevs romelime maTganis
cxovrebis ambavs, Tu is
Zalian gansakuTrebuli da
gamorCeulia, rogorc, magali-
Tad, elene asaTiani. 26 wlis
gogona, romelic `momavlis
saxlSi~ 10 wlis SvilTan er-
Tad cxovrobs, TviTonac bav-
SvTa saxlSi izrdeboda. Semdeg
da-ZmasTan erTad iSviles,
magram axal mSoblebTan
cxovreba autaneli aRmoCnda,
iseve, rogorc momaval qmar-
Tan. erT dRes elene, ukve
bavSvTan erTad, quCaSi da
Semdeg droebiT `momavlis
saxlSi~ aRmoCnda. misi `droebiT”
cxovreba aq ukve 9 welia
grZeldeba.
Znelcxovrebagamovlili
elene Zlieri da mizandasaxuli
pirovnebaa, zustad icis
ra unda, cekvavs da TviTonac
xelovnebis skolaSi aswavlis
patarebs. batikaze muSaobs,
xatavs. am saxlSi aRmoaCina,
rom xatva SeuZlia.
misi mTavari natvra Svilis
bednieri momavalia.
`momavlis saxli~ 10 wlis win
daarsda zurab Jvaniasa da
qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaciis
iniciativiT. Tavi-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
77
solidaroba
dan bavSvebs quCidan krebdnen.
axla sxva bavSvTa saxlebidan
mohyavT mas Semdeg, rac
socialuri muSakebi maT ojaxur
mdgomareobas Seafaseben.
asakobrivi zRvari oficialurad
aqac 6-dan 18 wlamdea.
sul 200-mde bavSvi miiRes 10
wlis ganmavlobaSi. dReisaTvis
saxlSi 50 bavSvi cxovrobs.
zrdasrulebis sakiTxi
ki am saxlSic ase wydeba:
`amdeni weli aq izrdebodnen
da maT quCaSi ver
gavuSvebT, miT umetes,
rom ukve gadaCveulni
arian quCur cxovrebas.
maT ukve veRar gamoarCev
sazogadoebaSi sxvebisagan.
aqvT Camoyalibebuli gemovneba
da moqalaqeobrivi
grZnoba. vfiqrob, aq Seswavlili
saxelobo saqmeebiT
momavalSi Tavis rCenasac
SeZleben,
_ ambobs direqtori maia gegenava.
`momavlis saxlis~ yvela bav-
Svi skolaSi dadis. direqtoris
azriT, CamorCeniloba, Tu
aReniSnebaT, gonebrivi monacemebis
ki ara, socialuri
problemebis bralia. amitom
resurscentris daxmarebiT
maT eqsternad abarebineben
gamocdebs da Sesabamis
klasSi svamen.
skolis Semdeg ki formalur
da araformalur ganaTlebas
aZleven. formaluri _ gakve-
Tilebis momzadebaSi daxmarebas
iTvaliswinebs, araformaluri
ki _ yvela is aqtivobaa,
rasac isini aq ewevian _
magaliTad, Teqaze, batikaze,
xeze muSaoba, qarTuli da
laTinuramerikuli cekvebis
Seswavla, musikis gakveTilebi.

#2(29)
aqvT saintereso `aqtiuri Temis~
proeqti, romlis farglebSi
isini sxva bavSvTa saxlebidan
iwveven bavSvebs da
imas aswavlian, rac TviTon
iswavles. `momavlis saxli~ aqtiurad
TanamSromlobs fond
`iavnanasTanac~. rogorc direqtori
ambobs, bavSvebs didi
survili da saimiso potenciali
aqvT, rom damoukideblad
gamarTon koncerti.
`momavlis saxls~, iseve rogorc
socialuri adaptaciis
centrs, wina wlebSi ganaTlebis
saministro afinansebda,
2009 wlidan am saxlebisTvis
socialuri paketis SeTavazeba
jandacvis saministros
kompetenciaSi gadavida.
`6-dan 18 wlamde~-s miRma
ra unda gakeTdes maTi daxmarebisTvis,
vinc jer kidev skolamdeli
asakisaa, magram
ukve mSoblebis eqpluataciis
msxverplia?
saxalxo damcvelis bavSvis
uflebaTa centris warmomadgenlis,
meri maRlaferiZis,
azriT:
`problema gacilebiT
ioli gadasaWreli iqneba,
Tu droze daiwyeba am
bavSvebis identificireba
da maTze zrunva. ratom
dganan isini quCaSi, rodis
kargaven Cveulebriv bavSvobas
da rodis iqcevian
quCis bavSvebad? kanonSi
weria, rom Tu mSobeli
Tavis movaleobas ar
asrulebs da, piriqiT,
zians ayenebs bavSvs, SesaZlebelia
mas CamoarTvan
mSoblis ufleba. safrTxis
Tavidan asacileblad
Solidarität
Cveni wre
socialurma muSakebma,
struqturebma, romlebsac
bavSvze zrunva evalebaT,
droulad unda daiwyon
ojaxebis Seswavla, Torem
mere gvian iqneba. zogjer
bavSvze Zaladobas ar aqvs
adgili, magram ojaxi ukiduresad
gaWirvebulia.
aseT SemTxvevaSi bavSvi ki
ar unda movwyvitoT
mSoblebs, aramed ojaxs
unda davexmaroT~.
kidev erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi,
qalbatoni meris sityviT,
bavSvebis mimarT sazogadoebis
damokidebulebaa.
`zogierTebs gulwrfelad
surT am bavSvebis sikeTe,
roca fuls aZleven maT, da
ar fiqrobdnen, sad midis
Semdeg es fuli. am fulis
didi nawili an mSobelTan
midis, an bavSvi imiT webos
yidulobs. bavSvs ar SeuZlia
fulis racionalurad
gankargva. garda amisa, amgvari
daxmarebiT mudmivad
vubiZgebT maT quCaSi idgnen
da `iol fuls~ mieCvion.
mere internetkafeebSi
aTeneben Rames zedamxedvelis
gareSe. sabolood
fulis micemas ziani
meti moaqvs, vidre sargebeli.
adre sazogadoebas
ver vetyodiT ase martivad:
nu miscem maTxovar
bavSvs fuls! magram dRes
arsebobs alternativa _
bavSvTa saxlebi~.
bavSvTa saxlebidan ramdenimes
arasamTavrobo organizacia
`bavSvi da garemo~ aerTianebs.
es organizacia 1995
wels Seiqmna da gansakuTrebul
mdgomareobaSi myofi
bavSvebisaTvis mravalmxriv
daxmarebas iTvaliswinebs.
78
}'vh'mksr
beneficiarebi, quCis bavSveb-
Tan erTad, riskis zRvarze
myofi da SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis
mqone bavSvebic
arian. mizani arasrulwlovanTa
fsiqo-socialuri reabilitacia,saganmanaTleblo
procesSi CarTva, maTTvis
samedicino daxmarebis gaweva,
sazogadoebaSi maTi integraciaa,
SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi
ki _ am bavSvebis ojaxebSi
dabruneba.
organizaciis qolgis qveS
ramdenime sareabilitacio
centria: TbilisSi _ sadRe-
Ramiso krizisuli centri
`beRurebi~, dRis centri `cisartyela~,
WiaTuraSi _ dRis
centri `jejili~, rusTavSi _
`sapovnela~ da mobiluri samsaxuri,
romelic fsiqologebiT,
pedagogebiTa da socialuri
muSakebiT aris dakompleqtebuli.
isini yoveldRe
gadian bavSvebis TavSeyris
adgilebSi da pirvelad daxmarebas
uweven maT: kvebaven
mSrali sakvebiT, momzadebuli
aqvT maTTvis martivi saganmanaTleblo
programa da fsiqologiuri
TamaSebi. mizani _
kontaqtis damyareba da ndobis
damsaxureba, raTa Semdeg
SesaZlebeli gaxdes quCidan
centrebSi maTi gadayvana.
rogorc organizaciis direqtori
nana iaSvili ambobs, es
msoflio gamocdilebaa. aseTi
tipis samsaxurebi yvelganaa,
imitom, rom iSviaTi gamonaklisis
garda quCis bavSvi Tavisi
nebiT centrSi ar midis.
1995 wlidan 2005 wlamde `bav-
Svi da garemos~ ZiriTadi donorebi
sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso
organizacia iyo. 2005
wlidan Tanadamfinansebelia
ganaTlebis saministroc. is
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

servisebi, rasac organizacia
maT sTavazobda, im tipis daxmareba
iyo, romelic saministros
sWirdeboda am bavSveb-
Tan urTierTobisTvis. saministros
dafinanseba ki ZiriTadad
saganmanaTleblo nawilze
modioda. organizaciis Ziri-
Tad proeqtebs ki USAID da Save
The Children afinanseben. Tumca
proeqti, romelic 5 weliwadze
iyo gaTvlili, 1 maiss sruldeba,
bavSvTa zrunvis samsaxuri
ki, romelic axla jandacvis
saministroSi gadavida, nana
iaSvilis TqmiT, kategoriul
uars ambobs mobiluri samsaxurisa
da sadReRamiso centris,
`beRurebis~ dafinansebaze.
`gamosavali ramdenimea,
Tumca idealuri arcerTi
ar aris, jer erTi imis
gamo, rom, vfiqrob, bavSvi
ojaxSi unda izrdebodes
da ara instituciaSi.
arsebobs erTi forma,
romelic mTel msoflioSi
gamoiyeneba, _ esaa mcire
saojaxo tipis centrebi _
anu mravalSviliani ojaxi,
sadac 8 bavSvi icxovrebs
4 ufrosTan erTad. Tumca
imisaTvis, rom aseTma
ojaxma iarsebos, saWiroa
fizikuri garemo, bina.
`saqarTvelos banki~ yidulobs
rusTavSi 4-oTaxian
binas, sadac SeiZleba am
xalxma icxovros. `beRurebidan~
zogierTi (mcire
nawili) albaT iq gadava.
rogorc nana iaSvili ambobs,
potenciuri mSoblebis Ziri-
Tad nawils pedagogebi da
fsiqologebi Seadgenen. Save
the Children-is da USAID-is dafinansebiT
maT CautardebaT
treningebi _ rogor unda
icxovron am bavSvebTan er-
Tad da ra unda aswavlon maT.
`potenciur mSoblebs, ra
Tqma unda, aqvT sakuTari
ojaxebi, magram mzad arian
ikisron es tvirTi, _ kargad
ician sad, ra garemoSi,
visTan mouxdebaT muSaoba~.
`mSoblebs~ eqnebaT morigeobiTi
grafiki, 24 an 48 saaTs
dahyofen bavSvebTan da Semdeg
axali `deda~ da `mama~ mova. treningebis
nawili moxaliseebs
polonelebma Cautares, qalbaton
nana iaSvilis sityviT,
polonelebs didi saamiso
gamocdileba aqvT. savaraudod,
proeqtis ganxorcieleba
maisidan unda daiwyos.
`meore gamosavali bavSvis
`gafostereba~ anu mimReb
ojaxebSi gayvanaa. ojaxi
iyvans bavSvs, romelmac
icis, rom es misi biologiuri
mSoblebis ojaxi ar
aris. manamde xdeba am ojaxis
safuZvliani Seswavla.
bavSvi 18 wlamde icxovrebs
iq. ojaxi saTanadod
dafinansdeba da valdebuli
iqneba misces bavSvs
ganaTleba, miaRebinos
specialoba.
mesame gzaa movnaxoT donori,
raTa misi SemweobiT
`beRurebma~ muSaoba
gaagrZelos, Tumca es gza
nakleb realuri Cans~.
rac Seexeba organizaciis
centrebis saganmanaTleblo
muSaobas, garda fsiqologiuri
momsaxurebisa da gakve-
Tilebis momzadebaSi daxmarebisa,
bavSvebs xSirad utardebaT
treningebi samarTlisa
da adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi,
rac maT socialur ganviTarebasa
da sazogadoebaSi
integracias did stimuls
aZlevs.
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
79
solidaroba
nana iaSvilis TqmiT, akademiuri
CamorCenis gamo yvela
bavSvi ver Zlevs skolis sagnebs,
magram xelobis aTviseba
yvelas SeuZlia.
`amitom vcdilobT aqedan
wasvlamde raime specialoba
SevaswavloT. Tumca
CvenTan iseTebic iyvnen,
vinc warmatebiT daamTavra
umaRlesi saswavlebeli.
samwuxarod, raRac procenti
mainc rCeba yvelafris
miRma. roca 16-17 wlis
axalgazrda moxvdeba centrSi,
seriozul reabilitaciaze
laparaki ukve
zedmetia. es nawili quCa-
Si rCeba da kriminalur
samyaros ukavSirdeba. maT
saxelmwifom unda mixedos,
unda arsebobdes raRac
strategia, politika am
mimarTulebiT.~
`me albaT tomze da jimze
adre gaviparebi indielebis
miwa-wyalze, radganac
deida sali apirebs
miSvilos da aRmzardos,
me ki amas ver gavuZleb;
erTxel xom ukve gamovcade!~
heklberi fini
olegi samSobiaroSi datova
dedam, mere bebiasTan izrdeboda
5 wlamde.
`rom gavizarde, bebiaCemi
msayvedurobda, sul am
saxlSi rato xaro, wadio,
hoda, me erTxel ise gavbrazdi
da gavmwardi, avagrove
Cemi bargi, rac ki
mqonda, Cemi TeTreulianad,
baliSianad, yvelaferi
Cavide parkSi. 5 Tu

#2(29)
6 wlis viyavi. mamaCemma
rom adre mobiluri miyida,
bebiaCems hqonda Senaxuli.
me vicodi sadac ido,
aviRe es telefoni. TbilisSi
marSutkiT wamovedi.
bebiaCemi mirekavda,
magram karta amovacale
da ekrani davamtvrie.
policiam damiWira, egonaT
moparul telefons
vamtvrevdi. egreve damtaces
xeli. manqanaSi rom
vuTxari, ar daijeres,
rom Cemi telefoni iyo da
saxlidan wamovedi, gldan-
Si wamiyvanes. mere gamovipare,
mere isev policiam
damiWira, isev gldanSi
wamiyvanes, ramdenjer
gavipare... matarebliT
quTaisSic viyavi, gorSic...~
Zneli dasajerebelia, rom am
bavSvis monaTxrobSi gamogonili
araferia. saocari mogzaurobebis
Semdeg is axla
`beRurebSi~ cxovrobs. 9 wlisaa
da skolaSi pirvelad ramdenime
Tvis win miiyvanes, magram
maswavlebelma gamoagdo.
rogorc `beRurebis~ fsiqologi
ambobs, metismetad nerviuli
da aqtiuria, gakveTilebis
CatarebaSi xels uSlida
maswavlebels. olegi ki
ambobs: `maswavlebels vuTxari,
maSin davwynardebi, karateSi
rom Semiyvaneno~.
`beRurebs~ adrindeli Senoba,
romelic 2-sarTuliani
sabavSvo baRi iyo, meriam
CamoarTva axali Senobis micemis
pirobiT, Tumca sanam es
procesi TveobiT iweleba,
`beRurebma~ eldepos mimdebare
teritoriaze mdebare
Zveli baRis Senobis ori oTaxi
daiqirava. amis gamo bavSvebs
siviwroveSi uwevT cxov-
Solidarität
Cveni wre
rebac, mecadineobac, xatvac
da cekvac. didi moTxovna
aqvT sportze, rac `beRurebis~
fsiqologis azriT, erTerTi
saukeTeso saSualeba
iqneboda maTi energiis pozitiurad
ganmuxtvaSi, magram
amis SesaZlebloba ar aris.
maisidan ki saxelmwifo
dafinansebac uwydebaT.
saqvelmoqmedo fondi `saqar-
Tvelos karitasi~ romelic
kompleqsuri momsaxurebis dawesebulebaa,
obol da yofil
quCis bavSvebsac uwevs daxmarebas.
fondis kidev erTi proeqti
_ dRis centri _ SaniZis
quCazea. centri maTTvis funqcionirebs,
vinc pirdapiri
gagebiT quCaSi cxovrobs. bav-
SvTa programebis menejerma
Tamar SaraSiZem gviTxra:
`dRis centrSi maT SeuZliaT
ibanaon, tansacmeli
dairecxon, saWmeli Wamon.
es centri calke SevqmeniT,
imitom, rom jer iq gaiaron
reabilitacia. quCidan
pirdapir aseT daxurul
SenobaSi mosul bavSvs
uWirs adaptacia. iq ki Tavisufali
grafikia, roca
undaT movlen, roca undaT
wavlen. aq ase ar aris. amitom,
vinc iqaur situacias
egueba, survilsac gamoTqvams,
rom Semdeg aq gadmogvyavs.
dRis centrSi
bavSvebis miyvana mobiluri
jgufis daxmarebiT xdeba,
romelic dRe-Ramis nebismier
dros midis maTi Tav-
Seyris adgilebSi, internet
kafeebSi. dRis centri
bavSvebSi ise popularuli
gaxda, rom xSirad TviTonve
mihyavT iq amxanagebi.
bevri iq kargad grZnobs
Tavs, akmayofilebT iqauri
garemo, elementarul
80
}'vh'mksr
codnas iZenen, wera-kiTxvas,
angariSsa da weliwadis
droebis garCevas swavloben,
aqvT kompiuteric.
TuUbavSvi ukve mzadaa
profesiis dasaufleblad,
aq gadmogvyavs. arian bav-
Svebi, romlebic dRis
centrsac ver eguebian,
mobiluri jgufi maTTan
quCaSive muSaobs.
aqac iyo SemTxeveva, roca
bavSvma erTi Tve icxovra
da mere gaiqca, imitom
rom quCa izidavda. dRes
es bavSvi isev dRis
centrSi dadis da Rame
kvlav quCaSi sZinavs.~
xelmZRvanelis TqmiT, fondis
muSaobis meTodi germanul
gamocdilebas emyareba, Tumca
germaniaSi quCis bavSvebs
sxva tipis problemebi aqvT
_ `Tu iq bavSvi saxlidan midis,
an narkomania, an panki, mSoblebTan
konfliqti aqvs. maT
saWmeli ar enatrebaT, Cvens
bavSvebs ki SiaT. es aris
gansxvaveba~.
ramdenadac `karitass~ msoflio
qseli aqvs, proeqtebs
ZiriTadad sxvadasxva qveynis
filialebi afinanseben. Tumca
nawilobrivi dafinanseba
fonds ganaTlebisa da jandacvis
saministroebisganac
miuRia. SeiZleba iTqvas,
saqarTvelos masStabiT dRes
am centrSi saukeTeso pirobebia
Seqmnili bavSvis srulfasovani
ganviTarebisTvis.
moqmedebs TiTqmis yvela tipis
saxelovnebo da sportuli
seqcia _ xatvis, Zerwvis, xeze
kveTis, mWedlobis Semswavleli
wreebi, Tojinebis Teatri,
sadac bavSvebi TviTonve dgamen
warmodgenebs, aris spor-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

tuli darbazi da saparikmaxero,
sadac aramarto swavloben
xelobas, erTmaneTsac emsaxurebian.
amJamad 30-mde bav-
Svi centrSi RamiTac rCeba,
oTaxebSi oTx-oTxni cxovroben.
SesasvlelSi yvelas saku-
Tari xeliT dawerili ganrigi
aqvs gamokruli, romelSic
aRniSnulia vin romel dRes
unda imorigeos, ra unda gaakeTos
da a.S.
erT-erTi binadari 6 wlis gogonaa.
roca erTi wlis win aq
moiyvanes, ver laparakobda.
mSoblebi ar hyavs, bebos ki mTeli
dRiT uxdeboda misi saxl-
Si marto datoveba. urTier-
Tobis deficitis gamo bavSvs
mxolod bgerebis gamocema SeeZlo.
pedagogebis daxmarebiT
is dRes ukve metyvelebs.
`bavSvebi gansakuTrebiT
mZime mdgomareobaSi~ (CEDC),
organizacia World Vision, qveynis
masStabiT bavSvTa socialuri
dacvis sistemaSi erTerTi
yvelaze didi moculobis
programaa.
proeqti Life aris World Vision-is
saerTaSoriso iniciativa krizisSi
myofi bavSvebis (CiC)
dasaxmareblad da CEDC-is
programis farglebSi xorcieldeba.
proeqtis xangrZlivoba
3 welia. is 2007 wlis oqtomberSi
daiwyo da 2010 wlis
seqtembramde gagrZeldeba.
Sefasebis fazaSi, romelsac
pirveli weli daeTmo da jon
hopkinsisa da tulanis universitetebTan
(aSS) TanamSromlobiT
ganxorcielda, Tvisebrivi
kvleva Catarda
quTaissa da baTumSi.
arsebuli monacemebiT, saqar-
Tvelos quCebSi daaxloebiT
2000-mde bavSvi cxovrobs da
aTasobiT axalgazrda `quCis
bavSvad~ qcevis riskis zRvar-
Tan imyofeba. ZiriTadi faqtorebi,
ramac isini mSobliur
garemos mowyvita, mZime socialur-ekonomikurimdgomareoba
da ojaxSi maTze fsiqologiuri
an fizikuri Zaladobaa.
saswavlebelSi siarulis
nacvlad maT mSoblebi aiZuleben
maTi asakisTvis Seuferebeli
samuSao Seasrulon.
kvlevis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT
daigegma intervencia.
proeqti xels Seuwyobs qu-
Taissa da baTumSi mcxovrebi
da momuSave 200-mde bavSvis
integrirebas ojaxsa da sazogadoebaSi.
am miznis miRweva
dagegmilia sami ZiriTadi
komponentis saSualebiT:
pirveli komponenti quCis bav-
Svebisa da maTi ojaxebis ekonomikuri
gaZlierebaa, rac
gulisxmobs, rom, Tu ojaxSi
Zaladobas ar aqvs adgili da
problema mxolod materialuri
siduxWiriTaa gamowveuli,
proeqti mSoblebs da saTanado
asakis mqone mozardebs dasaqmebaSi
unda daexmaros. ojaxebis
ekonomikuri gaZlierebis
komponenti maTTvis mikrosesxebis
gacemis sakiTxis mogvarebasac
iTvaliswinebs. dasawyisisTvis
sesxi ramdenime
beneficiarze gaicema. World
Vision sesxis mimRebs daexmareba
procentis gadaxdaSi.
`garda amisa, socialuri
muSaki beneficiars socialuri
daxmarebebis miRebaSi
exmareba. bevrma, visac
es sWirdeba, ar icis,
rom arsebobs Semweobebi,
an ar ician rogor miiRon
es Semweoba, an ar aqvT
saWiro sabuTebi~,
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
81
solidaroba
_ gangvimartavs Life-programis
menejeri qalbatoni irina
javaxaZe.
meore komponenti bavSvebisa
da maTi mSoblebis fsiqo-socialuri
statusis gaumjobesebas
iTvaliswinebs. irina
javaxaZe:
`Cven vmuSaobT aramarto
bavSvTan, aramed mSobel-
Tanac, vinaidan bavSvis
reabilitacia mSobelTan
muSaobis gareSe SeuZlebelia.
Cveni mizania arsebuli
fsiqo-socialuri
reabilitaciis resursebis
Seswavla da mobilizeba,
raTa davexmaroT maT,
imuSaon quCis bavSvebTan~.
mesame komponenti aris formalur
da araformalur ganaTlebaze
bavSvebis xelmisawvdomobis
gazrda, maTi
CarTva saskolo sistemaSi.
qalbatoni irinas sityviT,
`am bavSvebs xSirad ara
aqvT saswavlebelSi misa-
Rebad saWiro sabuTebi.
xolo bevrni imdenad stigmatizebulni
arian, rom
garbian skolidan. vgegmavT
skolisSemdgom Ronis-
Ziebebsac. gvinda sazafxulo
banakebis mowyoba, aseve
sportuli aqtivobebiT
maTi dakaveba. quTaisSi
`karate dos~ federacias-
Tan gvaqvs urTierToba
da maT ramdenime bavSvi
ukve Caricxes sportul
klasebSi.~
rusTavSi gansakuTrebuli
riskis qveS myof bavSvebTan
pirvelad arasamTavrobo organizacia
Save The Children-ma daiwyo
muSaoba `bavSvi da garemosTan~
TanamSromlobiT (do-

#2(29)
norebi USAID da UNICEF). proeqtis
ganxorcielebis dawyebisas,
2005 wels, aq pirveli
mobiluri jgufi Seiqmna, romelmac
erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi
imuSava. proeqtis maSindeli
koordinatori, nino nucubiZe
ambobs, rom es dro maT bavSvebTan
uSualod quCaSi kontaqtis
damyarebisTvis, maTi
ndobis mopovebisTvis dasWirdaT,
amis Semdeg ki Seiqmna
dRis centri, sadac isini ukve
uproblemod daiarebodnen:
`sxvadasxva eTnikuri warmomavlobis
mqone bavSvebi
modiodnen CvenTan,
oRond boSebi ar gvekarebodnen.
saerTod, maTi
cxovrebis wesis specifikurobis
gamo Znelia bo-
SebTan muSaoba _ isini
dainteresebulni ar arian
erT adgilas cxovrebiT,
ganaTlebis miRebiT.
mSoblebTan kontaqts ver
vamyarebT da, Sesabamisad,
am bavSvebTanac ver vmu-
SaobT. vmuSaobT qarTvelebTan,
qurTebTan, azerbaijanelebTan;
iseTebic
gvyavs, romlebsac saxeli
da gvari ar hqondaT.
principSi, arc vekiTxebodiT
warmomavlobas.~
proeqtis moklevadiani Sedegi
iyo ori quCis punqtis Seqmna
da iq sabaziso momsaxurebis
gaweva: kveba, tansacmliT
momarageba, higiena, quCaSive
elementaruli ganaTlebis
micema. bavSvebma icodnen,
rom am punqtebSi aWmevdnen,
eqnebodaT TavSesafari.
maTTan quCis ori ganmanaTlebeli
(Educator), ori socialuri
muSaki da ori fsiqologi
muSaobda.
Solidarität
Cveni wre
grZelvadiani Sedegi ki centris
gaxsnaa. quCaSi muSaobis
erTi weli imas dasWirda, rom
bavSvebisTvis daxurul sivrceSi
gaZlebis unari gamoemu-
SavebinaT.
`maTTvis arasodes uswavlebiaT
qcevis wesebi, ar
hqondaT gamomuSavebuli
emociis konstruqciulad
gamoxatvis unari,
_ ambobs nino nucubiZe. _
RamiT isev quCaSi
midiodnen. samwuxarod, ar
gvqonda imdeni dafinanseba,
rom mets davxmarebodiT.
iyvnen iseTi bavSvebic,
romelTac TavSesafris
cudi alternativac
ki ar gaaCndaT, anu
pirdapiri gagebiT quCaSi
uwevdaT Ramis gaTeneba.
zogjer amis mizezi
mSoblis gar-dacvaleba
iyo. erTi qu-CaSi gaiyina.
meorem Tavi moikla. erTerTs
Zmam bina gauyida da
cixeSi moxvda, bavSvi ki
quCaSi darCa~.
gogonebi, romlebic pataraobidan
quCaSi biWebTan er-
Tad izrdebian, xSirad prostitucias
ewevian. aq asakobrivi
jgufebis gamoyofac
SeiZleba: 6-dan 12 wlamde,
roca gundurad muSaoben da
erTmaneTis usafrTxoebaze
zrunaven.
`Semdeg mSoblebsac
toveben,
_ mogviTxrobs nino nucubiZe,
_ ician rogor iSovon
damoukideblad fuli.
gogonebi, 12 wlis rom
xdebodnen, quCaSi aRar
idgnen, saxlebSi cxovrobdnen
da iq misdevdnen
82
}'vh'mksr
arajansaRi cxovrebis wess.
es rusTavSi garedan xSirad
arc Cans, radgan iq
aseTebi cotani arian,
TbilisSi SedarebiT didia
maTi raodenoba.
aq modiodnen 18, 19 wlis
axalgazrdebic, romlebic
6 wlis asakidan webos sun-
Tqaven. es, ra Tqma unda,
daRs asvamda maT fizikur
da gonebriv ganviTarebas.
gvyavs 15 wlis bavSvi, romelic
8 wlisas hgavs. misi
zrda, faqtobrivad, SeCerebuli
iyo. magram rogorc
ki aseT garemoSi
xvdebian, maSinve iwyeben
ganviTarebas. biWs, romelic
axla 21 wlisaa, aranairi
sabuTi ar hqonda, aq
rom movida. is Cven 14
wlis gvegona. erTi wlis
mere aRmovaCineT, rom 18isa
yofila. am bavSvmac aq
daiwyo ganviTareba da
dRes ukve daubrunda
normalur cxovrebas, Zmas
uvlis, dacvis samsaxurSi
muSaobs, warmogidgeniaT?!
mas endnen, miuxedavad misi
mZime kriminaluri warsulisa.
am biWma kargad gamoiyena
Cveni resursebi
Tavisi ganviTarebisTvis.
arian bavSvebi, romlebic
ver acnobiereben ra
sikeTe SeuZliaT miiRon
Cvengan da amjobineben
Zveleburad gaagrZelon
cxovreba. uWirT SromiT
moipovon cxovrebis
saxsari, radgan fulis
ioli gziT Sovnas arian
SeCveulni. amitom umetesoba
kriminaluri danaSaulis
gzas adgeba. dRis
momsaxureba, samwuxarod,
ar aris sakmarisi imisaT-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

vis, rom maT bolomde
misce ganviTarebis
SesaZlebloba.
proeqtis xelmZRvanelis TqmiT,
imisaTvis, rom xelobis aTvisebiT
daaintereso bavSvi, jer
is unda daamSvido, stresebi
mouxsna, misce pasuxi
misTvis arsebiT kiTxvebze.
`amas hqvia `mijaWvulobis
deficiti~ _ es is SemTxvevaa,
roca bavSvs umniSvnelovanes
asakSi, 2 wlamde,
ar ganuviTarda mijaWvuloba.
ara aqvs ganviTarebuli
unarebi, misi tvinic
ki sxvanairad yalibdeba.
Semdgom yvela misi
urTierToba, saqmianoba
xanmoklea, advilad icrueben
guls yvelaferze,
gaurbian problemas,
arastabilurebi arian.
amitom mTavaria maT
ndoba gauCndeT adamianis
mimarT, amaRldnen
sakuTar TvalSi, igrZnon,
rom raRac mniSvnelovanis
gakeTeba SeuZliaT~.
nino nucubiZis azriT, saxelmwifos
monawileoba am procesSi
marto dafinansebiT
ar unda Semoifarglos, saxelmwofom
unda SeimuSaos am
bavSvebTan urTierTobis
politika. misive TqmiT,
bolo dros ukve Seicvala is
stereotipuli damokidebulebac,
rom bavSvTa saxli
gamosavalia.
`aq ganaTlebas ki iReben,
magram rac quCaSi xdeboda,
is axla aq daxurul
sivrceSi meordeba. midgomis
kuTxea mTavari,
Torem SeiZleba araCve-
ulebrivi adamianebic ki
muSaoben, magram sistema
isea mowyobili, iZulebulni
arian es bavSvebi
koleqtiurad zardon,
rac individualuri ganviTarebisTvisdamRupvelia~.
mas Semdeg, rac arasamTavrobo
organizaciebma daayenes
sakiTxi krizisul mdgomareobaSi
myofi bavSvebis mimarT
politikis SemuSavebis
Sesaxeb, saxelmwofosgan
kvlevis Catarebis iniciativa
wamovida. zogadad, arasam-
Tavrobo organizaciebi yovelTvis
cdiloben pirvel
yovlisa saerTo ena monaxon
adgilobriv mTavrobasTan.
aqamde arsebuli kvlevaTa
Sedegebi didad gansxvavdeboda
erTmaneTisgan, rac
finansebis umetesi nawilis
aramiznobriv xarjvas iwvevda.
amitom aucilebeli gaxda
farTomasStabiani aRwera,
risTvisac kvleva SarSan
saqarTvelos oTx qalaqSi _
baTumSi, quTaisSi, Tbilissa
da rusTavSi Catarda.
saxelmwifo politikis Semu-
SavebasTan erTad mniSvnelovania
sazogadoebis damokidebulebac.
nino nucubiZis
TqmiT, proeqtebSi yovelTvis
unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli
sazogadoebasTan urTierToba,
vTqvaT, RonisZiebebze sxva
skolis bavSvebis mowveva, raTa
gaicnon erTmaneTi, daakvirdnen
erTmaneTis qcevebs. amas
modelirebis princips uwodeben.
quCis bavSvebi agresiul
garemoSi gaizardnen da ar
ician ra aris normaluri
saqcieli. roca maT ekiTxebian,
_ ratom urtyam, xom SegiZ-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
83
solidaroba
lia, Tu rame ar mogwons sxvisi,
sityvierad gaagebino mas
es, _ ukvirT. Tuki Cven ojax-
Si bunebrivad, modelirebis
gziT vaswavliT erTmaneTs
qcevis wesebs, maTTan modelirebas
cema-tyepa cvlis.
nino nucubiZe:
`2005 wels erT patara
skverSi Sesakrebi punqti
SevqmeniT. imave skverSi
iqve mcxovrebi xalxic
iyrida Tavs saRamoobiT.
Tavdapirvelad mezoblebis
reaqcia agresiuli
iyo. erTma qalbatonma ganacxada,
am bavSvebis gverdiT
Cemebs ver davsxamo!
upatroni bavSvebi gvendnen,
kontaqtze wamovidnen,
aq ki maT aseTi Sexvedra
mouwyves! Cven mSvidad
avuxseniT qalbatons,
rom amgvari ram bavSvebis
gasagonad mainc ar unda
eTqva. iciT ra moxda
Semdeg? oriode TveSi im
qalis SviliSvilebi Cvens
bavSvebTan erTad
TamaSobdnen fexburTs.
Cveni prioriteti ufrosebis
aRzrdac aris _ roca
reabilitaciaze vsaubrobT,
mxolod bavSvze ar
unda viyoT orientirebuli,
ufrosebis aRzrdac
gvmarTebs~.

#2(29)
Solidarität
Cveni wre
akrZaluli
piradi
cxovreba
TamTa janaZe
maTze iSviaTad saubroben an,
Tu saubroben, maSinac sibraluliT
da movaleobis moxdis
mizniT. arada isini arseboben
da Cveni mravalferovani samyaros
mniSvnelovan nawils
Seadgenen. 21-e saukuneSic
Zneli aRmoCnda fsiqikuri
problemebis mqone adamianebis
sazogadoebis srulfasovan
wevrebad aRqma da miuxedavad
konstituciiT Tu mravalgvari
konvenciebiT mini-
Webuli uflebebisa, msgavsi
problemebis mqone pirebi
xSirad sazogadoebisgan izolirebulad
cxovroben da
cxovroben maTi ZiriTadi fundamenturi
uflebis _ piradi
cxovrebis uflebis gareSe.
eqimebis ganmartebiT, gonebrivi
Seferxebis mqone adamianebis
seqsualuri energia
Semcirebulia, zogierT maT-
84
}'vh'mksr
gans ar aqvs Camoyalibebuli
seqsualuri organoebi da ar
aris fiziologiurad momwifebuli,
magram es ar niSnavs
imas, rom maT ojaxis Seqmnis
survili ara aqvT da siyvaruli
ar SeuZliaT. Tumca es is
SemTxvevaa, roca survilsa
da sazogadoebis mxridan
Seqmnil bariers Soris myofi
adamiani msxverpli xdeba.
rogoria fsiqikuri problemebis
mqone adamianebisTvis
samyaro, ra xdeba maSin, roca
es adamianebi piradi cxovrebis
mowyobas cdiloben, da
vis aqvs (an aqvs ki vinmes?)
maTTvis amisi akrZalvis
ufleba? am sakiTxebze saubroben
organizaciis `globaluri
iniciativa fsiqiatriaSi~
TanamSromeli, fsiqiatri
nana zavradaSvili da organizaciis
`kavSiri adamiane-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

isTvis, gansakuTrebul zrunvas
rom saWiroeben~ xelmZRvaneli,
social-Terapevti
lia asaniSvili.
kanoni da realoba
gaeros mier miRebuli
`SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis
mqone pirTa uflebebis
konvenciis~ 23-e muxlis mixedviT,
am konvenciis yvela
wevrma qveyanam yvela zoma
unda miiRos imisTvis, rom
aRmofxvras SezRuduli SesaZleblobis
mqone pirTa diskriminacia
qorwinebasTan, ojaxur
cxovrebasTan, mSoblis
funqciebTan da pirad urTierTobebTan
dakavSirebul
sakiTxebSi. amave muxlis Tanaxmad,
amgvari problemebis
mqone adamianebs aqvT aramarto
qorwinebis, aramed Svilebis
yolis uflebac, da saxelmwifo
valdebulia meurvis
daniSvnisa Tu cxovrebis
Rirseuli pirobebis Seqmnis
mxriv yvelanairi daxmareba
aRmouCinos maT.
fsiqiatri nana zavradaSvili
miiCnevs, rom unarSezRudvis
niadagze adamianis fundamenturi
uflebis _ ojaxis Seqmnis
uflebis _ SezRudva dauSvebelia.
saqarTvelos kanon-
Si `fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis
Sesaxeb~ xazgasmulia, rom
fsiqikuri aSlilobis mqone
adamianebs aqvT ufleba sargeblobdnen
konstituciiT
miniWebuli yvela uflebiT,
garda im SemTxvevisa, roca es
ufleba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT
izRudeba. Tumca
arcTu iSviaTad realoba sul
sxvagvaria. `am adamianebis
piradi cxovreba metwilad
mouwyobelia, rac Seexeba
Svilebis yolas, maT aqvT
amis ufleba da am uflebis
akrZalvas da iZulebiT
sterilizacias pirdapir
mivyavarT adamianis uflebis
uxeS darRvevamde da Tanamedrove
faSizmamde~.
lia asaniSvili amas kulturuli
barierebiT xsnis.
`kanoniT maT aqvT daojaxebis
ufleba, magram am uflebis
ganxorcielebas Zalian didi
barieri eRobeba qarTul
kulturaSi. mSoblebi, romlebic
meurveobas uweven am
adamianebs, maT bavSvebad
aRiqvamen da 40-45 wlis adamians
ise eqcevian, rogorc
pataras. amis Sedegad xdeba
maTSi Sekaveba im Tvisebebisa,
romlebic unda ganaviTaro.
meorec, mSoblebs eSiniaT,
rom aseTi Svilis pirad cxovrebaze
pasuxismgebloba
ikisron~.
samyaro _ erTiani saxli
social-Terapevti lia asaniSvili
gonebrivi SezRudvis
mqone adamianebis erT Taviseburebaze
amaxvilebs yurad-
Rebas, es aris saocari gaxsniloba
da adamianis araCveulebrivi
mimRebloba. `msgavsi
tipis adamianebs erTmaneTTan
saocari urTierToba aqvT,
ver warmoidgenT, rogori
gaxsnilebi arian. ra Tqma
unda, zogjer awyenineben kidec
erTmaneTs, magram is ucnauri
altruizmi, rac am adamianebs
aqvT, ar aZlevT imis
saSualebas, wyena did xans
gaiyolon, marTlac RvTis
Svilebi arian. maT ar aqvT
`egos principi~ ise gamZafre-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
85
solidaroba
buli, rogorc Cven, maTTvis
samyaro erTiania da ar aris
dayofili Tavisad da sxvisad,
Sesabamisad, maTTis samyaro
erTiani saxlia. am saxlSi
mcxovrebi adamianebi Tavisianebi
arian da maTac uxariaT
sazogadoebasTan urTierToba.~
fsiqikuri problemebis mqone
adamianebTan urTierTobam
qalbatoni lia erTi gavrcelebuli
gamoTqmis WeSmaritebaSi
daarwmuna _ Sroma
namdvilad akeTilSobilebs
adamians. Ligi miiCnevs, rom
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis
mqone pirebi yvelaze kargad
Tavs maSin grZnoben, roca maT
realurad aRiqvamen zrdasrul
da srulfasovan adamianebad
da, aqedan gamomdinare,
andoben saqmis keTebas.
`Sroma mozrdili adamianis
yvelaze Rirseuli saqmianobaa.
isini ar arian bavSvebi,
rom mudmivad gaarTo an aTamaSo,
an aswavlo. maT sWirdebaT
saqmianobis is sfero, sadac
Tavs saWirod igrZnoben.
roca msgavsi problemis mqone
adamiani iTavisebs, rom marTla
daasaqmes da ara TerapiisTvis,
saocar Zalisxmevas
da saqmis saocar erTgulebas
iCens. e.w. janmrTeli adamianic
ki SeiZleba daavaddes,
sami weli rom erTi da igive
akeTos, amaTTvis ki TiToeuli
dRe, TiToeuli detali
mindobili saqmisa aris aRmo-
Cena _ es aris gansakuTrebuli
Tviseba, romelic gonebrivi
SezRudvis mqone pirT
axasiaTebT~.
amerikaSi erT-erTi yvelaze
popularuli daunis sindro

#2(29)
Solidarität
Cveni wre
mis mqone adamianTa kafeebia.
iq momsaxure personali msgavsi
tipis gonebrivi Seferxebis
mqone adamianebi arian.
Sedegi araCveulebrivia. kafes
TanamSromlebi sul iRimebian,
klientebTan maTi urTierTobac
gulwrfelia, pasuxismgebloba
dakisrebuli saqmisadmi
_ gamorCeuli, Sesabamisad,
Tanamedrove civ samyaroSi
msgavsi urTierTobebi
uamrav klients izidavs.
petruCio da katarina
Cveni sazogadoeba aseT adamianebTan
mimarTebiT gansakuTrebuli
RiaobiT ar gamoirCeva.
ojaxs, rogorc wesi, aseTi
wevris yola rcxvenia, is an
malavs gonebrivi Seferxebis
mqone ojaxis wevrs an Tavidan
iSorebs mas. Sesabamisad,
aseTi adamianebis interesebi,
moTxovnilebebi, survilebi
maTSive kvdeba. arada maTac,
iseve rogorc yvela Cveulebriv
adamians, aqvT imis moTxovnileba,
rom hqondeT piradi
cxovreba, hyavdeT zrunvis
obieqti, magram miuxedavad
konstituciiTa da saerTaSoriso
konvenciebiT miniWebuli
uflebisa, maT umetesoba amas
ver axerxebs.
fsiqiatri nana zavradaSvili
miiCnevs, rom erT-erTi yvelaze
didi sawuxari, romelic
SeiZleba am adamianebs hqondeT,
martosulobis gancdaa.
kvlevebis Tanaxmad, maT didi
nawili marto cxovrobs, ar
aqvs SesaZlebloba Seqmnas
ojaxi. fsiqiatri erT saintereso
tendenciaze amaxvilebs
yuradRebas; misi TqmiT, mas
Semdeg, rac meuRlis fsiqi-
86
}'vh'mksr
kuri problemebis Sesaxeb
Seityoben, mamakacTa didi
nawili tovebs ojaxs da
avadmyof cols marto uwevs
Svilebis aRzrda. analogiur
viTarebaSi qalebi SedarebiT
iSviaTad imeteben avadmyof
meuRles martoobisTvis.
zogjer asec xdeba: msubuqi
gonebrivi Seferxebis mqone
adamianebs erTimeore SeuyvardebaT.
maT erTmaneTi dRis
centrSi gaicnes. gogonas
siyvarulma biWis autizmis
Caketili samyaro gaxsna. dRis
centrSi dadgmul speqtakl-
Sic iseTi rolebs TamaSobdnen,
romlebic TiTqos mxolod
maTTvis iyo Seqmnili.
`petruCiom~ da `katarinam~
erTmaneTi realur cxovreba-
Sic Seiyvares. Tumca realobam
maT imedebi gaucrua.
`aseTi SemTxvevebi arcTu
iSviaTia. ver warmoidgenT,
rogori amaRlebuli siyvaruliT
iyvnen Sepyrobilni! ar
meguleba msaxiobi, romelic
iseTi gatacebiTa da grZnobiT
Sediodes rolSi, rogori
gatacebiTac isini TamaSobdnen,
saocrad uyvardaT erTmaneTi.
magram roca es ambavi
gamJRavnda, situacia daiZaba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom am wyvils
SeeZlo mieRo gacnobierebuli
gadawyvetileba ojaxis Seqmnis
Taobaze, ris uflebas maT
kanonic aZlevdaT, mSoblema
ar ikisres pasuxismgebloba,
Tumca icodnen, rom es daavadeba
ar gadadis memkvidreobiT
da maT SesaZloa savsebiT
janmrTeli bavSvi gaeCinaT~.
gadawyda CaeSalaT qorwineba,
rac sakmaod rTuli aRmoCnda.
social-Terapevtis
daxmarebiT weliwadnaxevris
muSaobis Semdeg maTi siyva-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

uli megobrul urTierTobaSi
gadaizarda _ `petruCio~
da `katarina~ megobrebad
darCnen. Tumca aris
magaliTebi, roca mSoblebis
uxeSi Carevis Sedegad msgavsi
SemTxvevebi ufro mZime
SedegiT mTavrdeba.
Tanamedrove faSizmi
albaT Zalian gaRaribdeboda
msoflio kultura, literatura
da mecniereba, fsiqikuri
problemebis mqone yvela
mSoblis sterilizacia rom
moexdinaT, ar miecaT maTTvis
bavSvis gaCenis ufleba,
radgan araerTi geniosis
mSobels hqonia analogiuri
problemebi.
nana zardiaSvili Tavisi
praqtikidan im SemTxvevas
ixsenebs, rodesac mSoblebis
mcdelobam, sakuTari
SvilisTvis `emkurnalaT~,
sapirispiro Sedegi gamoiRo:
`qaliSvili, romlis daavadebaSi
didi adgili eWira e.w.
`siyvarulis bodvas~, mSoblebis
`gulmodginebis~ msxverpli
aRmoCnda. gogona yveboda,
rogor uyvarda erTi ymawvili.
raki misi fsiqikuri aSliloba
garkveulwilad siyvaruls
ukavSirdeboda, mSoblebma
gadawyvites misTvis
seqsiT `emkurnalaT~ _ aiZules
seqsualuri urTierToba
hqonoda, ris Sedegadac is daorsulda.
mSoblebma qorwinebis
gareSe gaCenili bavSvis
gamoCena ar isurves, dedas
Svili waarTves da bavSvTa
saxlSi Caabares. aman pacientis
mdgomareoba ukiduresad
daamZima~.
fsiqiatris azriT, uamravi pirovnuli
tragedia mxolod
imis gamo xdeba, rom bevrs
saTanado ganaTleba ara aqvs
da sazogadoebaSic am sakiTxebze
gulRiad ar saubroben.
SesaZleblobebi
im qveynebSi, sadac saxelmwifos
zrunvis obieqti konkretuli
adamiania da sadac kanonic
realurad moqmedebs,
gonebrivi Seferxebis mqone
adamianebis cxovreba
sxvagvarad warimarTeba.
fsiqiatr nana zavradaSvilis
azriT, saxelmwifos mxridan
ufro intensiurad unda tardebodes
fsiqikuri problemebis
mqone adamianebs Soris
reproduqciisa da ojaxis
dagegmvis sakiTxebze saganmanaTleblo
muSaoba. rac Seexeba
akrZalvas, nana zavradaSvili
miiCnevs, rom adamianis
fundamenturi uflebis _
ojaxis yolis uflebis _ akr-
Zalva dauSvebelia.
social-Terapevti lia asaniSvili
sazRvargareT arsebuli
praqtikis gadmotanas saqar-
TveloSic SesaZleblad miiCnevs:
`sazRvargareT aseTi
problemebis mqone adamianebs
realurad aqvT ojaxis Seqmnis
saSualeba. sxvaTa Soris,
daunis sindromis mqone adamianebi
araCveulebrivi meuRleebi
arian. maTTvis saagentoebi
calke binas qiraoben,
exmarebian maT samsaxuris
SovnaSi da socialuri muSakis
xelSewyobiT maTi cxovreba
normalur kalapotSi
dgeba. ratom ar SeiZleba
CvenTanac Seiqmnas ojaxuri
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
87
solidaroba
erTobebi, dawyvildnen gonebrivi
Seferxebis mqone adamianebi?
saxelmwifom ufro meti
pasuxismgebloba unda igrZnos
am adamianebis mimarT~.
qalbatonma liam sazRvargareT
aprobirebuli erTi saintereso
meTodic gagvacno: asocialuri
qcevis mozardebs gonebrivi
Seferxebis mqone adamianebTan
acxovreben. es aris
erTgvari Terapia am mozardebisTvis,
radgan, rac ar unda
agresiulad moiqcnen isini,
rogori Seuracxyofac ar
unda miayenon SezRuduli
SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebs,
isini maT yvelafers patioben.
gonebrivi Seferxebis mqone
adamiani am SemTxvevaSi Terapevti
xdeba e.w. janmrTeli,
magram mouTokavi bavSvisTvis.

#2(29)
Solidarität
kvleva
sabaziso kvleva saqarTveloSi
adamianis uflebaTa cnobadobis
donis Sesaxeb
raodenobrivi kvlevis angariSi
ganxorcielebuli sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevisa
da marketingis institutis (IPM) mier
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis ofisis ZiriTadi funqciebidan
gamomdinare, zedamxedveloba gauwios saqarTvelos teritoriaze
adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvas, gamoavlinos maTi
darRvevis faqtebi, xeli Seuwyos darRveuli uflebebis aRdgenas,
Zalian mniSvnelovania saxalxo damcvelis ofisis da misi instituciuri
SesaZleblobebis gaZliereba da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb
samoqalaqo ganaTlebis ganxorcieleba.
gamomdinare aqedan, saWiro da aucilebelia, sando, safuZvliani
informaciis arseboba adamianis uflebaTa cnobadobis donis Sesaxeb
saqarTveloSi, aseve mosaxleobis damokidebulebebisa da aRqmis
gageba adamianis uflebebisa da maTi dacvis meqanizmebis mimarT.
gamokvlevis mizania gansazRvros saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis cnobadobisa
da codnis done adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb, daadginos
maTi damokidebulebebi adamianis fundamentaluri uflebebisadmi
da am uflebebis dacvisadmi.
gamokvlevis Sedegad miRebuli iqna sabaziso monacemebi, rac Tavis-
Tavad xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis ofisis saganmanaTleblo
programis ganviTrebis Sefasebas momavalSi.
kvleva Catarda TbilisSi, rusTavSi, quTaisSi, baTumSi, zugdidsa
da gorSi.
88
}'vh'mksr
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis Sesaxeb informirebuloba
adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb gamokiTxulTa 23,9%
ar flobs informacias, maT an araferi gaugiaT
adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb, an mxolod smeniaT,
rom aseTi ram arsebobs. adamianis uflebebis
Sesaxeb informaciuli vakuumis yvelaze maRali
maCvenebeli dafiqsirda quTaisSi (45.3%) da zugdidSi
(39.3%).
adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb met-naklebad informirebulia
gamokiTxulTa 48.2%, am kuTxiT
liderobs Tbilisi (53.6%) da rusTavi (26.6%),
adamianis yvelaze cnobadi uflebebi
cnobadi uflebebis top 10-uli cnobadoba
sakuTrebis ufleba 79,3%
ganaTlebis ufleba 74,5%
xmis micemis ufleba 74,2%
qorwinebis ufleba 73,5%
memkvidreobis ufleba 69,7%
patimarTa uflebebi 69,2%
kanonis winaSe Tanasworoba 69,1%
bavSvis uflebebi 68,9%
sicocxlis ufleba 66,9%
qalis uflebebi 64,5%
1 mocemul kiTxvaze respondentebs hqondaT SesaZlebloba daesaxelebinaT ramdenime pasuxi.
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
89
solidaroba
yvelaze mZime situacia kvlav quTaisSia, sadac
informirebulobis maCvenebeli 31.1%-s Seadgens.
adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb cota ram icis gamokiTxulTa
28%-ma. adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb
informirebulobis done gorSi gamokiTxulTa
44,6%-Si agebulia mxolod warmodgenebze, 32,6%-s
aqvs konkertuli codna, anu Camoyalibebuli informacia
am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, xolo gamokiTxulTa
22.9%-ma saerTod araferi ar icis
mis Sesaxeb.
pasuxi kiTxvaze: romeli uflebebis Sesaxeb iciT, gsmeniaT? 1 (jamuri cnobadoba)

#2(29) kvleva
adamianis uflebebs Soris yvelaze cnobadia sakuTrebis
(79.3%), ganaTlebis (74.5%), xmis micemis
(74.2%) da qorwinebis ufleba (73.5%). am uflebebis
Sesaxeb informirebulia 10-dan 7, zog SemTxvevaSi
TiTqmis 8 adamiani.
pirvel aTeulSi xvdeba aseve memkvidreobis ufleba,
patimarTa uflebebi, kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis
ufleba, bavSvis uflebebi, sicocxlis
ufleba da qalis uflebebi. amis mizezi SeiZleba
iyos magaliTad, is rom am tipis uflebebi yvela-
Tu SevadarebT yvelaze cnobad da aracnobad uflebebs,
davinaxavT rom aracnobad uflebebSi
moxvda swored is uflebebi, romelTa Sesaxebac
naklebs weren Tu gadmoscemen mas mediis saSualebebiT.
Tumca aqve aRsaniSnavia sainterso faqti
rom, bolo periodSi sakmaod bevrs saubrobdnen
mobiluri telefonis mosmenasa Tu sxva pirad
Solidarität
90
ze xSrad irRveva, an imis gamo, rom am uflebebis
Sesaxeb ufro aqtiurad gvesaubrebian mas-mediis
saSualebebi.
yvelaze naklebad cnobadi uflebaa piradi Canawerebisa
da korespondenciis ufleba. am uflebis
Sesaxeb smenia gamokiTxulTa mxolod 14.4%-s. seqsualuri
umciresobebis uflebebis Sesaxeb informacias
flobs gamokiTxulTa 18.6%, sazogadoebrivi
gaerTianebebis Seqmnisa da maTSi gaer-
Tianebis uflebaze ki informirebulia 19%.
yvelaze naklebad cnobadi uflebebis 10-uli cnobadoba
wamebisgan Tavisufleba 28,5%
bunebrivi garemoTi sargeblobis ufleba
samuSao da sacxovrebeli adgilis pirobebis
Sesaxeb sruli , obieqturi da drouli
23,8%
informaciis miRebis ufleba 22,7%
adeqvaturi cxovrebis donis ufleba 22,4%
kulturul cxovrebaSi monawileobis ufleba 21,1%
saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis dakavebis ufleba
profesiuli kavSirebis Seqmnisa
20,5%
da maTSi gaerTianebis ufleba
sazogadoebrivi gaerTianebebis Seqmnisa
20,3%
da maTSi gaerTianebis ufleba 19,0%
seqsuaulir umciresobebis uflebebi 18,6%
piradi Canawerebisa da korespondenciis ufleba 14,4%
adamianis uflebaTa damcveli
gamokiTxulTa 50,8% miiCnevs rom adamianis uflebaTa
dacvaze yvelaze metad pasuxismgebelia 2
saxalxo damcveli, xolo 41,6%-s azriT sasamar-
Tlo, 33%-is azriT pasuxismgebelia prezidenti.
2 mocemul kiTxvaze respondentebs hqondaT SesaZlebloba daesaxelebinaT ramdenime pasuxi.
komunikaciaze ganxorcielebul dakvirvebebze.
Sesabamisad xalxi informirebulia am faqtis Sesaxeb,
Tumca Zalian mcire nawils aqvs warmodgena
rom yvela adamians aqvs piradi Canawerebisa da
korespondenciis ufleba da aravis aqvs ufleba
xelhyos igi.
24%-sTvis pasuxismgebloba miewereba parlamentsac,
yvelaze distancirebuli am pasuxismgeblobisgan
aris prokuratura (9,70%), saministroebi
(12,6%) da policia (19.2%). saxalxo damcveli-
}'vh'mksr
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

sadmi molodini yvelaze farTomasStabiania, mis
mimarT sazogadoeba yvelaze metad mgrZnobiare
da yuradRebiania, saxalxo damcveli gacilebiT
ufro relevanturi figuraa adamianis uflebebis
dacvis TvalsazrisiT, vidre parlamenti da prezidenti.
Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom mosaxleobis
mxridan saxalxo damcvelze mTeli pasuxismgeblobis
miniWeba da yvela im valdebulebebis
dakisreba, rac exeba zogadad admianis uflebebis
ganxorcielebasa da dacvas, miuTiTebs imaze,
rom mosaxleobam realurad ar icis, ra Sedis
saxalxo damcvelis funqciaSi.
pasuxismgebloba nawilobriv centralizebulia,
nawilobriv erTpirovnuli, rac niSnavs imas, rom
damokidebulebebi, ganwyobebi, kmayofilebac ase-
mxolod saxalxlo damcvels adamianis uflebebis
dacvis pasuxismgebloba eniWeba SemTxvevaTa
13,6%-Si, 4.8%-Si prezidentTan erTad, 2.7%-Si
parlamentTan erTad, 2.2%-Si parlamentTan da
prezidentTan erTad. zogadad suraTi gviCvenebs,
rom pasuxismgeblobebi koncentrirebulia saxalxo
damcvelze da mxolod iSviaT SemTxvevebSi
xdeba misi ganawileba sxva pirebze. calke aRebuls
mxolod prezidents auditoriis 7.7% miawers
pasuxisgmeblobas adamianis uflebebis
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
91
solidaroba
ve iqneba centralizebuli, orientirebuli saxalxo
damcvelze, sxva instanciebi, rogorc Cans
adamianis uflebebis dacvasTan funqciurad ki
arian dakavSirebulni, Tumca ufro gaSualebulad,
vidre saxalxo damcveli (es imas niSnavs, rom
adamianis uflebebze uSualod pasuxismgebelia
saxalxo damcveli, xolo garkveuli deduqciis
safuZvleze, SeiZleba pasuxismgebeli iyos nebismieri
instancia, adamiani). saxalxo damcvelis
SemTxvevaSi adamianis uflebebis dacva pirdapiri,
uSualo movaleobaa, man unda SeniSnos, mar-
Tos da areguliros uflebebis dacva, romelic
SeiZleba xdebodes nebismier doneze, magaliTad
sasamarTlos, policiis, prokuraturis, Tundac
prezidentis doneze.
dacvaze, mxolod sasamarTlos 6.9%, mxolod parlaments
2.8%, mxolod policias 2.2%, mxolod
saministroebs 2%, mxolod prokuraturas adamianis
uflebebis dacvas miawers mxolod 2%. zogadad
pasuximgeblobebi ZiriTadad gadanawilebulia
saxalxo damcvels da sasamarTlos [1], saxalxo
damcvelsa da prezidents Soris [2]. yvelaze
Sors am tipis pasuxismgeblobisgan dgas prokuratura
da saministroebi.

#2(29) kvleva
adamianis uflebaTa ganxorcieleba da dacva
gamokiTxulTa 70,0% Tvlis rom adamianebma meti
rom icodnen TavianTi uflebebis Sesaxeb, ukeTesad
ganaxorcielebdnen da daicavdnen mas sxvadasxva
saSualebebiT. gamokiTxulTa 70,0%-idan
umetesobas _ 21,6% warmodgena aqvs rom raime Sesabamis
struqturas mimarTavda uflebis darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi, Tumca gacnobierebuli ar aqvT
Tu konkretulad romel struqturaSi SeiZleba
gaaproteston uflebis darRvevis faqti. TiTqmis
analogiuri damokidebuleba aqvs 15,8%_s, romelTac
mxolod zogadi damokidebuleba gamoxates,
rom TavianTi uflebebis Sesaxeb metad informirebulobis
SemTxvevaSi, ubralod `ukeTesad
daicavdnen TavianT uflebebs“, Tumca rogor
es gaurkveveli rCeba. mosaxleobas realurad ar
aqvs gacnobierebuli ra unda moimoqmedon ufle-
Solidarität
92
bebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi da ubralod intuiciurad
akavSireben codnis amaRlebas ukeTesad
dacvasTan. ra Tqma unda es faqti aixsneba imiT,
rom mosaxleobas ar aqvs informacia araTu Tavisi
uflebebis Sesaxeb (sad iwyeba misi ufleba da
sad mTavrdeba), aramed warmodgenis donezec ki
ar icis ra unda moimoqmedos uflebis darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi. amaze isic metyvelebs, rom gamokiTxulTa
13,6% pirdapir acxadebs rom ar icis konkretulad
ras moimoqmdebda rom ukuTesad daecva
an ganexorcielebina Tavisi ufleba.
gamokiTxulTa 11,8%-ma zustad icis rom mimar-
Tavda saxalxo damcvels, xolo 19,1% uflebis
darRvevis SemTxvevaSi iCvlebda sasamarTloSi.
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solidaroba
mosaxleobis SefasebiT saxelmwifo organoebidan saxalxo damcvels, sasamarTlos prezidentsa da
parlaments aqvs yvelaze didi pasuxismgebloba adamianis uflebebis ganxorcielebasa da dacvaze. Tumca
mosaxleobis SefasebiT saxelmwifo mxolod zogjer, erTeul SemTxvevebSi icavs adamianis uflebebs.
Sesabamisad is mniSvnelovneba, rasac mosaxleoba akisrebs saxelmwifos adamianis uflebebis dacvasa
da ganxorcielebasTan mimarTebaSi, ar aris praqtikaSi ganxorcielebuli da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
saxelmwifo ver uzrunvelhyofs adamianis uflebebis dacvas. Tumca aRsaniSnavia rom umravlesobis
azriT, saxelmwifo „zogjer icavs da zogjer ara“ adamianis uflebebs.

#2(29) kvleva
darRveuli uflebebi
ukanaskneli 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi gamokiTxulTa 36,1% -is SemTxvevaSi dairRva uflebebi, xolo gamokiTxulTa
63,4% -is SemTxvevaSi uflebebi ar darRveula 3 .
adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis faqtebis mxriv, sakmaod SemaSfoTebeli maCvenebeli aris rusTavSi, qu-
Taissa da TbilisSi. miuxedavad imisa rom zugdidsa da gorSi agvistos movlenebidan da am ori qalaqis
teritoriuli mdebareobidan gamomdinare, mosalodeneli iyo maRali maCvenebeli adamianis uflebaTa
darRvevis mxriv, aRmoCnda piriqiT. mosaxleobis umravlesobis azriT zugdidsa (84,6%) da gorSi (78,8%)
ar darRveula arc maTi, arc maTi ojaxis wevris naTesavis Tu mezoblis da arc samezoblo/ qalaqSi/
regionSi mcxovrebi adamianis ufleba.
3 mocemul kiTxvaze respondentebs hqondaT SesaZlebloba daesaxelebinaT ramdenime pasuxi.
Solidarität
94
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95
solidaroba
uSualod adamianis konkretuli uflebebis darRvevis faqtebis gaanalizebisas aRmoCnda, rom Sromis
uflebasTan dakavSirebul darRvevis faqtebs aqvs yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli, rac pirdapirproporciulad
aris dakavSirbuli iseT socialur problemasTan, rogoricaa umuSevroba. amasTanave Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts rom 82,7% miiCnevs umuSevrebs rogorc yvelaze Cagrul fenas, romelTa
uflebebic yvelaze xSirad irRveva, es maCvnebeli savsebiT logikuria.
darRveuli uflebebi sixSire
Sromis ufleba 49,8%
sakuTrebis ufleba 19,0%
socialuri dazRvevis ufleba
iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa
4,7%
da ltolvilTa uflebebi
piradi Tavisuflebisa
3,7%
da xelSeuxeblobis ufleba 14,8%
janmrTelobis ufleba
komunalur sakiTxebTan
8,8%
dakavSirebuli uflebebi 2,3%
patimris uflebebi 1,5%
soc. daucvelTa ufleba 3,0%
sityvis/azris gamoxatvis Tavisufleba 1,3%
samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba 3,4%
saarCevno ufleba 4,2%
pativisa da Rirsebis xelSeuxebloba 3,0%
patrulis mier darRveuli uflebebi 1,9%
socialuri uflebebi 4,1%
manifestaciis Tavisufleba 1,3%
adeqvaturi cxovrebis donis ufleba 1,1%
pensionerTa uflebebi 1,7%
aseve xSiria sakuTrebis uflebis darRvevis SemTxvevebi, rac gamokiTxulTa gadmocemiT moicavda qonebis
ukananod CamorTmevas, warTmvas, Tumca upasuxod rCeba am SemTxvevaSi kiTxva Tu ramdenad realurad
dairRva adamianis ufleba, radgan es mxolod respondentis subieqturi Sefasebaa. Tumca gamokvlevis
mizanic am SemTxvevaSi mosaxleobis damokidebulebebisa da aRqmebis garkvevaa, da ara uSualod
romelime kerZo faqtis legitimurobis dadgena.
adamianis uflebebis darRvevis perioduloba ukanaskneli 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi:

#2(29)
Solidarität
kvleva
Sedegebis mixedviT naTlad Cans, rom yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli adamianis uflebebis darRvevis faqtebisa
dafiqsirda 2008 wels. pirvel rigSi unda aRiniSnos respondentTa mexsierebis faqtori. aRniSnuli
Sedegi ar gvaZlevs saSualebas dabejiTebiT vTqvT, rom 2008 wels yvelaze xSirad irRveoda adamianis
uflebebi, radgan gamokiTxulTa umravlesobam axlo warsulSi momxdar darRvevis faqtebze
gaamaxvila yuradReba.
gamokiTxulTa im 36,1% (734 adamiani)-idan visi uflebebic dairRva, aRmoCnda rom umravlesobaze metis
SemTxvevaSi (58%) saxelmwifo dawesebuleba iyo uflebis damrRvevi.
darRveul uflebebze mosaxleobis reagirebis da aqtiurobis done Zalian dabalia. ufleba darRveuli
adamianebis didma umravlesobam araviTar zomebs ar mimarTa rom daecva Tavisi ufleba. es kidev erTxel
miuTiTebs im faqtze, rom mosaxleobas ar aqvs unari daicvas Tu ganaxorcielos Tavisi ufleba radgan
(1) ar Tvlis amas saWirod ; (2) ar icis rogor daicvas sakuTari uflebebi.
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Sesabamisad darRveul uflebebeze mosaxleobis
indiferentulobam, ganapiroba is faqti rom
zomebis ar miRebis Semdgom umravlesobis (92%)
darRveuli ufleba ar iqna aRdgenili.
rogorc ukve avRniSneT gamokiTxulTa im 36,1%
(734 adamiani)-idan visi uflebebic dairRva, 55,5%
(407 adamiani)-ma ar moaxdina reagireba darRveul
uflebebze, xolo 44,5% (325 adamiani)-ma darR-
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solidaroba
veuli uflebis aRsadgenad mimarTa sxvadasxva
institutebsa Tu kerZo pirebs. umetesobam sasamarTlosa
da Sesabamis saxelmwifo dawesebulebebs
mimarTa.
reagireba, im dawesebulebisa Tu Tanamdebobis
piris mxirdan, visac mimarTes moqalaqeebma darRveuli
uflebis dacvis mizniT, 64,4% moaxdina
reagirebaze, xolo 53%-ma ara:
Sedegi _ reagirebis done im dawesebulebidan Tu Tanamdebobis piris mxirdan, visac mimarTa sazogadoebam
uflebis dacvis mizniT, sakmaod maRalia, magram umetes SemTxvevaSi uSedego.
saboloo jamSi, qmedebebi uflebis darRvevis
Semdgom sakmaod qaoturia. dabalia reagireba da
garkveuli zomebis miRebis mcdeloba sazogadoebis
mxridan. marTalia reagirebis done Sesabamisi
dawesebulebis Tu Tanamdebobis piris mxri-
dan darRveul uflebaze arcTu dabalia, magram
mTlianobaSi mTavari aris Sedegi, romelic
ZiriTad SemTxvevaSi ar sruldeba msxverplis
(adamiani visi uflebac dairRva) sasargeblod.

#2(29)
Solidarität
kvleva
gamokiTxulTa im nawilidan (63,3% _ 1241 respondenti), romelic momavalSi mimarTavda raime organizacias
adamianis uflebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, 40,5% acxadebs rom mimarTavda sasamarTlos, xolo
39,5% saxalxo damcvelis ofiss 4 .
ndoba saxelmwifo,
saerTaSoriso da arasamTavrobo organizaciebisadmi
rodesac sakiTxi exeba adamianis uflebebs, mosaxleobis naxevrze meti (58%) sruliad an ZiriTadad
endoba saxalxo damcvelis ofiss. sxva saxelmwifo organoebs Soris, prezidentsa da policias aqvs
SedarebiT maRali maCvenebeli, Tumca calke aRebuli TiToeulisadmi ndobis done ar aris maRali.
4 mocemul kiTxvaze respondentebs hqondaT SesaZlebloba daesaxelebinaT ramdenime pasuxi.
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Tu gavaanalizebT saxelmwifo organoebis mniSvnelovnebas
adamianis uflebebis dacvasa da ganxorcielebaSi
da miRebul mniSvnelovnebas SevudarebT
mosaxleobis ndobis xarisxs saxelmwifo
organoebisadmi, maSin roca sakiTxi exeba adamianis
uflebebs, miviRebT suraTs, rom saxalxo
damcvels aqvs yvelaze didi roli adamianis uflebebis
dacvasa da ganxorcielebaSi, anu aqvs didi
mniSvnelovneba da mosaxleoba Sesabamisad ndobas
ucxadebs saxalxo damcvels adamianis uflebebis
ganxorcilebasa da dacvaSi. am mxriv unda
gamovyoT prezidentisa da sasamarTlos roli da
mniSvnelovneba adamianis uflebebTan mimarTeba-
Si. mosaxleobis azriT sakmaod didi pasuxismgebloba
ekisreba prezidentsa da sasamarTlos adamianis
uflebTa ganxorcielebasa da dacvaSi,
mosaxleobis TiTqmis 60% Tvlis rom saqarTveloSi
arsebobs Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso mTavrobaTaSoriso
organizaciebi, adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romelTa
saqmianobac exeba adamianis uflebebs.
im organizaciebidan, romelTa saqmianobac exeba
5 mocemul kiTxvaze respondentebs hqondaT SesaZlebloba daesaxelebinaT ramdenime pasuxi.
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
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solidaroba
Tumca roca sakiTxi exeba adamianis uflebebs,
mosaxleoba ar ucxadebs ndobas am or saxelmwifo
organos.
imisaTvis, rom ufro naTeli yofiliyo suraTi
miSvnelovneba vs Sefasebisa, gamovyaviT saxelmwifo
organoebis mniSvnelovneba (pasuxi kiTxvaze:
„Tqveni azriT, romeli saxelmwifo organizaciebi/struqturebia
yvelaze metad pasuxismgebeli
adamianis uflebaTa ganxorcielebaze da
dacvaze“) da mosaxleobis mier gakeTebuli Sefasebebi
saxelmwifor organoebis mimarT (pasuxi
kiTxvaze: „rodesac sakiTxi exeba adamianis uflebebs,
rogoria Tqveni ndobis done saxelmwifos
organoebisadmi?“) da miviReT Semdegi sura-
Ti:
adamianis uflebebs, axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia
yvelaze xSirad iyo dasaxelebuli mosaxleobis
mier. sakmaod dabali cnobadoba aqvs im
saerTaSoriso oganizaciebs (Amnesty International,
Transparency International, Human Rights Watch), romlebic
uSualod adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebze muSaoben
5 .

#2(29)
samarTaldamcav organoebTan urTierTobis gamocdileba
gamokiTxulTa mxolod 5,7% (112 adamiani) aRmoCnda
dakavebuli samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier.
pasuxi kiTxvebze: dakavebis SemTxvevaSi gangimartes
Tu ara Tqveni pirveladi uflebebi, dakavebis
mizezi da safuZveli?
codna. 72,3% SemTxvevaSi mosaxleobam zustad
icis rom saxalxo damcvelis ZiriTadi funqciaa:
icavdes adamianis uflebebs. gamokiTxulTa
mcire nawilma ar icis saxalxo damcvelis funqciebis
Sesaxeb (16% SemTxvevaSi).
mimarTva. gamokiTxulTa mxolod 2,3%-s (45 adamians)
miumarTavs saxalxo damcvelis aparatisTvis,
Sesabamisad maT mier gakeTebuli Sefasebebis
Solidarität
kvleva
100
gamokiTxulTa im mciredi nawilis pasuxebis gaanalizebisas,
romelTac Sexeba hqondaT samar-
Taldamcav organoebTan, aRmoCnda rom naxevarze
mets (54,1%) dakavebisas ar ganumartes pirveladi
uflebebi, dakavebis mizezi da safuZveli.
saxalxo damcvelis institutis Sesaxeb cnobadoba/codna/damokidebuleba
ganzogadeba SeuZlebelia. mosaxleobis mciredi
nawilidan, romelmac mimarTa saxalxo damcvels
(n=45), aqedan 95%-ma mimarTa centralur ofiss.
Sefaseba. mosaxleobis mciredi nawilis (romelmac
mimarTa saxalxo damcvels (n=45)), naxevarze
meti ufro araefeqturad afasebs saxalxo damcvelis
ofisis muSaobas.
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101
solidaroba
saxalxo damcvelis efeqturi Tu araefeqturi muSaobis Sefasebas, mosaxleobis im nawilis mier vinc
mimarTa ofiss, sxvadasxva mizezebi ganapirobebs. (n=45) 6
efeqturi Sefaseba
sworad daicves Cemi uflebebi 11,8% (5 adamiani)
daakmayofiles Cemi moTxovnebi 6,5% (3 adamiani)
kargad migviRes 4,4% 2 adamiani
miiRes Sesabamisi zomebi 1,7% (1 adamiani)
araefeqturi Sefaseba
ar ganixiles Cemi problema 27,0% (12 adamiani)
aranairi reagireba ar mohyolia
aqvs survuli daexmaros xalxs,
29,5% (19 adamiani)
magram ver axorcielebs 8,4% (4 adamiani)
mxolod nawilobriv daakmayofiles 5,9% (3 adamiani)
aklia brZolisunarianoba 4,8% (2 adamiani)
Sefasebebidan Cans, rom gamokiTxulTa umravlesobam,
vinc mimarTa saxalxo damcvelis ofiss
araefeqturad Seafasa ofisis muSaoba, im mizeziT
rom ar iqna ganxiluli misi problema an
ofisma ar moaxdina reagireba mis problemaze. gamokvlevis
Sedegebma zogadad dagvanaxa rom mosaxleobaSi
adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb codnis
done sakmaod dabalia da Sesabamisad mosaxleobam
zustad ar icis saxalxo damcvelis ofisis funqciebis
Sesaxeb. amasTanave aRmoCnda, rom roca sakiTxi
exeba adamianis uflebebis dacvas, mosaxleoba
yvelaze did pasuxismgeblobas swored saxalxo
damcvels aniWebs, rac ar aris swori. zemoTxsenebuli
ki imaze miuTiTebs rom mosaxle-
6 mocemul kiTxvaze dasaSvebia rom erTma respondentma daasaxelos ramdenime mizezi.
obas aqvs mxolod zedapiruli warmodgena rom
saxalxo damcveli unda icavdes adamianis uflebebs.
Sesabamisad savsebiT logikuria vivaraudoT,
rom am konkretul SemTxvevbSi saxalxo
damcvelis ofisis mxridan ukukavSiris ararseboba,
gamowveulia im faqtiT, rom (1) problema/
darRveuli ufleba ar Sedioda saxalxo damcvelis
kompetenciaSi an rig SemTxvevaSi (2) saxalxo
damcvelis ofisma mimarTa sxva pasuxismgebel
instancias, da ar mohyva regireba mis mimarTvas.
saxalxo damcvelTan urTierTobis yvelaze misa-
Rebi forma umravlesobisTvis aris saxalxo damcvelis
ofisSi misvla.

#2(29)
informaciis wyaro
Solidarität
kvleva
gamokiTxulTa umravlesobis azriT adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb informaciis misaRebad yvelaze optimaluri
wyaro televiziaa da swored televiziidan surT rom miiRon informacia adamianis uflebebis
Sesaxeb 7 .
umciresobaTa uflebebi da diskriminacia
mosaxleobis umravlesobas sakmaod negatiuri damokidebuleba (45,3%) aqvs eTnikuri umciresobebis
warmomadgenlebis xelisuflebis organoebSi arCevis/daniSvnis mimarT. gacilebiT ufro negatiuri
damokidebuleba (67,2%) aqvs mosaxleobas religiuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebis xelisuflebis
organoebSi arCevis/daniSvnis mimarT. aRniSnuli faqti imaze metyvelebs, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleoba
naklebad tolerantulia eTnikuri da religiuri umciresobebisadmi, Tumca amave dros gamokvlevis
Sedegebis gaanalizebisas aRmoCnda urTierTsawinaaRmdego faqti. (1) ras fiqrobs mosaxleoba? _ 80.6%-is
azriT, religiur da eTnikur umciresobasa da umravleosobas Soris Tanasworuflebianoba aris yvelaze
swori urTierTobis forma. (2) rogor afasebes mosaxleoba realurad? _ mosaxleobas kargad aqvs
gaTvicnobierebuli rom Tanasworba, loialuroba misaRebi da humanuria adamianebTan urTierTobaSi
miuxedavad maTi warmomavlobisa, sqesisa Tu aRmsareblobisa. Tumca aRmoCnda rom es mxolod Teoriul
doneze aqvs sazogadoebas gaTvicnobirebuli da relaurad praqtikaSi ganxorcielebisas, roca sakiTxi
dgeba arCevanis gakeTebis, ar aRiarebs Tanasworuflebianobas.
religiuri umciresobebisadmi saqarTvelos mosaxleobis damokidebuleba
zemoT aRniSnuli damokidebulebebi ufro ganamtkica da daasabuTa, Sedegma rom gamokiTxulTa 44,1%
ar eTanxmeba im azrs, rom `yvela adamians aqvs ufleba Tavisuflad airCios religia da arcerTi
aRmsareblobis saqmianoba ar unda izRudebodes saqarTveloSi~. es aratolerantulobis sakmaod maRali
maCvenebelia, rasac mosaxleoba pirdapir ar aRiarebs, magram aSkarad gamoxatavs.
mosaxleoba sakmaod mkacrad aris ganwyobili aTeistebis mimarT da Tvlian rom unda izRudebodes
aTeizmi, Tumca arcTu didi tolerantobiT gamoirCevian musulmanebisa da iudevelebis mimarTac.
7 mocemul kiTxvaze respondentebs hqondaT SesaZlebloba daesaxelebinaT ramdenime pasuxi.
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103
solidaroba
aseve sainteresoa gamovyoT mosaxleobis damokidebuleba sxva mimdinareobebisadmi, rogoricaa iehovas
mowmeebi, mormonebi da a.S. gamokiTxulTa nawilidan (44,1%), romelic ar eTanxmeba im azrs, rom `yvela
adamians aqvs ufleba Tavisuflad airCios religia da arcerTi aRmsareblobis saqmianoba ar unda
izRudebodes saqarTveloSi~, 14,7% miiCnevs rom sxva „seqtismagvari“ mimdinareobebi unda izRudebodes
saqarTveloSi. aRniSnuli 14,7%-idan umetesoba (7,9%) miiCnevs, rom kerZod iehovas mowmeebi da maTi
saqmianoba unda izRudebodes.
eTnikuri umciresobebisadmi saqarTvelos mosaxleobis damokidebuleba
eTnikur umciresobaTa jgufi, romelTa mimarT gansakuTrebulad aratolerantulia saqarTvelos
mosaxleoba: am mxriv sainteresoa gamovyoT goris mosaxleoba, romelTac gansakuTrebiT aratolerantuli
damokidebuleba aqvT Cinelebsa da arabebis mimarT, amasTanave gorSi gamokiTxulTa mxolod
2,6%-s surs hyavdes osi mezobeli. Tbilisisa da quTaisi mosaxleoba SedarebiT danarCeni qalaqebisa
ufro tolerantulia am niSniT 8 .
8 mocemul kiTxvaze respondentebs hqondaT SesaZlebloba daesaxelebinaT ramdenime pasuxi.

#2(29)
pasuxi kiTxvaze: visTan isurvebdiT mezoblobas?
saqarTvelos umetes qalaqebSi, mosaxleoba, yvelaze metad aratolerantulia Cinelebis mimarT. sainteresoa
rom mxolod zugdidSi dafiqsirda mosaxleobis mier yvelaze aratolerantuli damokidebuleba
rusebis mimarT, am mxriv sakamaod keTilganwyobilia quTaisi mosaxleoba, romelTa 26,7%-s
surs rusTan mezobloba.
diskriminacia
Solidarität
kvleva
mosaxleobis azriT ZiriTadad diskriminacia saqarTveloSi xdeba politikuri Sexedulebis gamo,
asakobrivi niSniT da mcire nawili miiCnevs rom religiuri niSniTac xdeba diskriminacia.
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Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
105
solidaroba
qalaqebis mixedviT Tu ganvxilivaT tendencia TiTqmis msgavsia mxolod zugdidSi aqvs yvelaze maRali
maCvenebeli asakobrivi niSniT diskriminaciis faqts.
Sedegebis mixedviT yvelaze daCagruli fena, romelTa uflebebic irRveva mosaxleobis azriT aris:
umuSevrebi, pensionrebi, patimrebi, devnilebi da materialurad SeWivrebuli ojaxebi 9 .
9 mocemul kiTxvaze respondentebs hqondaT SesaZlebloba daesaxelebinaT ramdenime pasuxi.

#2(29)
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis azriT, samarTliani
sasamarTlos ufleba is yvelaze mniSvnelovani
uflebaTagania, romelic yvelaze metad irRveva
dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi da swored samarTliani
sasamarTlos uflebis aRdgena unda iyos
prioriteti. rodesac sakiTxi dadga ukiduresad
mniSvnelovani uflebis da misi aRdgenis mniSvnelovnebis,
aRmoCnda rom mosaxleobam gverdze
gadado iseTi socialuri uflebebi rogoricaa
Sromis, sakuTrebis ufleba (aRniSnul uflebebs
hqondaT yvelaze maRali cnobadobis done, darRvevis
sixSire) da wina planze wamowia samarTliani
sasamarTlo. aseve wamoiwia win is uflebebi, romlebic
samarTlianobasTan aris kavSirSi _ Sromis
samarTliani da xelsayreli pirobebis ufleba,
kanonis winaSe Tanasworoba. naTelia rom saqarTvelos
mosaxleobas socialuri uflebebis
dacvasTan erTad, zogadad samarTlianobis aRdgenis
survili aqvs, es iqneba Sromis samarTlianobasTan,
Tu zogadad sasamarTlos samarTlianobasTan
mimarTebaSi.
sazogadoebis SefasebiT, adamianis uflebebis
umravlesobis mdgomareoba, gauresda bolo sami
wlis ganmavlobaSi. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mZime
mdgomareoba aqvs informaciis miRebisa da gavrcelebis
uflebas. sakmaod logikuria rom gamokiTxulTa
did nawils, miaCnia rom bolo sami
wlis manZlze ufro gamwvavda miukerZoebeli,
sando informaciis miRebis ararsebobis faqti da
Sesabamisad informaciis Tavisuflad gavrcelebis
uflebac izRudeba. aRniSnuli Sedegi gamowveulia
Tavisufali mediis, sainformaciis wyaros
deficitiT, rasTan dakavSirebiTac uaxloes warsulSi
sakmaod mniSvnelovani faqtebi moxda.
gacilebiT stabiluri mdgomareobaa, ganaTlebis
uflebasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis mdgomareobac
61,3%-is aziT ar ar Secvlila bolo sami wlis
ganmavlobaSi.
mosaxleobis didi nawilis SefasebiT gacilebiT
gaumjobesda mdgomareoba kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis
da adeqvaturi cxovrebis donis uflebasTan
mimarTebaSi. sainteresoa gavaanalizoT,
Tu ratom Tvlis mosaxleoba rom kanonis winaSe
Solidarität
kvleva
damokidebulebebi adamianis uflebebTan mimarTebaSi
106
Tanasworobis ufleba gaumjobesda, maSin roca
es ufleba mosaxleobis umravlesobis azriT yvelaze
didi problemaa, romlis gadaWrac ukiduresad
mniSvnelovania saxelmwifos mxirdan. aRniSnuli
faqti miuTiTebs, rom miuxedavad win gadadgmuli
nabijebisa kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis
uflebasTan mimarTebaSi, sazogadoeba mainc
ukiduresad did mniSvnelovnebas aniWebs aRniSnul
uflebas da ar miCnia sakmarisad is gaumjobesebis
elementebi, romelic saxezea amJamad.
rac Seexeba adeqvaturi cxovrebis donis uflebis
mdgomareobis gaumjobesas, SegviZlia davaskvnaT,
rom aRniSnuli uflebis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba
pirdapirproporciulia im socialuri
sakiTxebis metnaklebad gadaWrasTan, rogoricaa
infrastruqturis gaumjobeseba (gzebis dageba,
gazis gayvana dasaxlebebSi, wylis miwodeba
im soflebSi, romelTac arasdros hqoniaT wyali
da a.S).
mosaxleobis Zalian mcire nawili (maqsimum 14%)
asaxelebs adamianis im uflebebs, romelTa mdgomareobac
sruliad gaumjobesda.
uaxloesi sami wlis ganmvalobaSi adamianis uflebebis
mdgomareobis cvlilebebis prognozirebisas,
aRmoCnda rom mosaxleobis umravlesoba
sakmaod pesimisturad aris ganwyobili dadebiTi
cvlilebebisadmi, Tumca arc gauresebis molodinia
maRali. informaciis miRebisa da gavrcelebis
uflebas ki kvlav kritikurli Sedegi aqvs.
umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom am uflebis mdgomareoba
bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi gauresda da
kvalav gauresdeba momavalSi.
mosaxleobis did nawils, imedi aqvs rom momavali
3 wlis ganmavlobaSi bavSvisa da qalis, iZulebiT
gadaadgilebul pirTa da ltolvilTa uflebeb-
Tan dakavSirebiT gacilebiT gaumjobesdeba
mdgomareoba.
}'vh'mksr
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

daskvna
zogadi cnobadoba/codna/
informirebulobis done adamianis
uflebebTan da TavisuflebeTan
mimarTebaSi
zogadad adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis
Sesaxeb mosaxleobis cnobdobis, codnis da
informirebulobis done sakmaod dabalia.
gamokvlevis Sedegebma cxadyo, rom mosaxleobas
aqvs garkveuli donis codna da informirebuloba
im uflebebisadmi, romelic metwilad aqtualuria
saqarTveloSi (Sromis ufleba, sakuTrebis
ufleba), anu uflebebi, romlebic yvelaze
xSrad irRveva, da advilad gvxvdeba TvalSi imis
gamo, rom am uflebebis Sesaxeb ufro aqtiurad
saubroben sainformacio wyaroebi.
yvelaze metad gasamaxvilebelia yuradReba im
naklebad cnobad uflebebze, rogoricaa piradi
Canawerebisa da korespondenciis ufleba, seqsualuri
umciresobebis uflebebi, sazogadoebrivi
gaerTianebebis Seqmnisa da maTSi gaerTianebis
ufleba. sazogadoebas araTu ar aqvs informacia
aRniSnuli uflebebis Sesaxeb, aramed arc ki icis
msgavsi uflebebis arseboba. Sesabamisad saxalxo
damcvelis ofisis mier dagegmil saganmanaTleblo
aqciebSi yuradReba unda gamaxvildes zemoT
mocemul uflebebze.
damokidebulebebi adamianis uflebebTan da TavisuflebeTan
mimarTebaSi adamianis uflebebsa
da TavisuflebeTan mimarTebaSi mosaxleobis
codnisa da informirebulobis donis gaanalizebisas,
wina planze wamoiwia iseTma uflebebma, rogoricaa
Sromis ufleba, sakuTrebis ufleba, sicocxlis
ufleba, magram mosaxleobis adamianis
uflebebTan damokidebulebis gaanalizebisas,
aRmoCnda rom sazogadoebisTvis sakmaod mwvave
sakiTxs warmoadgens ufro samoqalaqo da politikuri
uflebebi.
gamokiTxulTa umravlesobisTvis samarTliani
sasamarTlos ufleba, Sromis samarTliani da
xelsayreli pirobebis ufleba da kanonis winaSe
Tanasworoba is uflebebia, romelTa mniSvnelov-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
107
solidaroba
nebac mosaxleobisTvis Zalian maRalia da am
uflebebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gadaWra
ukiduresad aucilebelia.
rac Seexeba adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT
uaxloesi warsulis Sefasebas da momavlis prognozirebas,
aRmoCnda, rom damokidebuleba sazogadoebis
mxridan sakmaod pesimisturia. am mxriv
gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareoba aqvs informaciis
miRebisa da gavrcelebis uflebas. Tumca
mosaxleobis didi nawilis SefasebiT gacilebiT
gaumjobesda mdgomareoba iseTi uflebebis mimarT,
rogoricaa kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis da
adeqvaturi cxovrebis donis ufleba.
mosaxleobis molodini, rom adamianis uflebeb-
Tan dakavSirebuli mdgomareoba gaumjobesdeba
momavali sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, Zalian dabalia.
informaciis miRebisa da gavrcelebis ufleba aRmoCnda
im uflebaTagani, romlis mdgomareobac
sakmaod kritikulia da mosaxleobas sakmaod uaryofiTi
damokidebuleba aqvs mis mimarT, radgan
es aris is ufleba romlis irgvlivac gauresda
mdgomareoba da sazogadoebis azriT momavalSic
analogiuri situacia iqneba.
zogadad adamianis uflebebis dacvasa da ganxorcielebas,
sakmaod didi roli ukavia adamianis cxovrebaSi,
radgan umravlesobis azriT adamianis uflebebis
dacva da ganxorcieleba erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
ganmapirobebeli faqtoria bednierebisa.
adamianis uflebebis sworad dacvasa da ganxorcielebas,
ara marto mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs
adamianis cxovrebaSi, aramed erT-erTi winapirobaa
zogadad qveynis da sazogadoebis mdgomareobis
gaumjobesebis.
informaciis wyaro adamianis uflebebis da Tavisuflebebis
Sesaxeb gamokiTxulTa umravlesobis
azriT adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb informaciis
misaRebad yvelaze optimaluri wyaro televiziaa
da swored televiziidan surT rom miiRon
informacia adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad
ZiriTadi sainformacio wyaro mosaxleobisTvis
saxalxo damcvelis saganmanaTleblo
aqciis farglebSi unda iyos televizia.

#2(29) kvleva
areali, sadac aucilebelia
saganmanaTleblo aqciebis
ganxorcieleba
rogorc ukve avRniSneT zogadad saqarTvelos
mosaxleobaSi adamianis uflebebis cnobadobis,
codnis da informirebulobis dabali donea saqarTvelos
did qalaqebSi (Tbilisi, quTaisi, ba-
Tumi, zugdidi, gori, rusTavi) da Sesabamisad SegviZlia
vivaraudoT rom gacilebiT ufro dabali
cnobadobis donea saqarTveloSi raionul Tu
soflis doneze.
aqedan gamomdinare, aucilebelia saxalxo damcvelis
saganmanaTleblo aqciebis ganxorcieleba
daigegmos gamokvlevaSi moxvedril yvela qalaq-
Si. am mxriv didi yuradReba unda mieqces quTaiss,
gorsa da zugdids, sadac yvelaze dabalia adamianis
uflebebis Sesaxeb codnis/cnobadobis da
informirebulobis done.
adamianis uflebebis darRvevis faqtebi yvelaze
farTod gamoaSkaravda TbilisSi da quTaisSi.
Sesabamisad mniSvnelovania rom aRniSnul qalaqebSi
aqcenti gakeTdes Semdeg faqtebze: Tu vis
unda mimarTos adamianma misi uflebis darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi da ra zomebi unda miiRos im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu upasuxod darCa misi mimarTva.
amasTanave xazi unda gaesvas mniSvnelovan faqts,
rom saganmanaTleblo aqciis farglebSi unda
moxdes saxalxo damcvelis funqciebis swori ganmarteba
da sworad miwodeba mosaxleobamde, radgan
Sedegebma aCvena rom mosaxleobis umetesoba
erTpirovnulad mxolod saxalxo damcvels moiazrebs
admianis uflebebis dacvisa da ganxorcielebis
farglebSi.
Solidarität
108
}'vh'mksr
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

gamoxmaureba
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
109
solidaroba
tolerantoba
da media
saxalxo damcvelTan arsebuli tolerantobis centri,
Jurnal `solidarobis~ prezentaciasTan erTad,
quTaisisa da baTumis saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebSi
adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo
organizaciebisa da mediis warmomadgenlebisaTvis
seminarebs atarebs xolme. seminaris Temebi adamianis
uflebebi, tolerantoba da mediis Tavisuflebaa. am
Sexvedrebze xSirad gamoiTqmis azri, rom Cven
`genetikurad tolerantuli~ xalxi varT da am
TvalsazrisiT saqarTveloSi yvelaferi wesrigSia.
2009 wels saxalxo damcvelisaTvis Catarebul kvlevaSi
`adamianis uflebaTa cnobadobis donis Sesaxeb~
gamokiTxulTa 80.6% fiqrobs, rom `religiur
da eTnikur umciresobasa da umravlesobas Soris
Tanasworuflebianoba urTierTobis yvelaze swori
formaa~, magram, rodesac jeri am uflebebis praqtikul
ganxorcielebaze midgeba, igive adamianebis 44% ar
eTanxmeba azrs, rom `yvela adamians aqvs ufleba
Tavisuflad airCios religia da arcerTi
aRmsareblobis saqmianoba ar unda izRudebodes
saqarTveloSi~. amgvari `praqtikuli~ damokidebulebis
erT-erTi Sedegia isic, rom dRes quTaisisa da baTumis
kaTolikuri taZrebi marTlmadidebluri eklesiis
sakuTrebaa da isic, rom quTaisis kaTolikur mrevls
arcerTma regionulma gazeTma ar daubeWda
gamoxmaureba gazeT P.S.-Si (#37, 10-16 noemberi, 2008 w.)
dabeWdil statiaze `quTaTis-gaenaTis eparqiis
dauRleli mwyemsmTavari~. quTaisis kaTolike mrevlis
TxovniT Tavad statiasa da gamoxmaurebas Cvens
JurnalSi gTavazobT.

#2(29)
quTaTis-gaenaTis
eparqiis dauRleli
mwyemsmTavari
gazeTi `postskriptumi~
2008 wlis 16 oqtomberi akaki
wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetis
istoriaSi erTi amaRlebuli
dRe iyo. am dRes saswavleblis
umaRlesma organom
_ akademiurma sabWom mecnierebaTa
doqtoris sapatio wodeba
erTxmad mianiWa Cveni qalaqis,
imereTis mxarisa da sruliad
saqarTvelos erT-erT gamoCenil
sasuliero da sazogado
moRvawes, mis maRal-yovlad
usamRvdeloesobas, quTaTelgaenaTel
mitropolits, meufe
kalistrates (eriskacobaSi _
SoTa margalitaSvili).
es pirveli SemTxvevaa Cveni
universitetis istoriaSi.
fexbednieri yofiliyos sulierebis
sferoSi gadadgmuli
es nabiji.
meufe kalistrate Tanamedrove
qarTuli eklesiis erTerTi
Rirseuli mRvdelmTavaria.
igi cnobilia Tavisi
kacTmoyvareobiTa da TavmdablobiT,
sibrZniTa da gulisxmierebiT.
misis saxiT
Cvens mravalricxovan mrevls
hyavs gamorCeuli sulieri
moZRvari da winamZRoli.
gaWirvebis Jams mas axasiaTebs
vaJkacuri da principuli
SemarTeba. sulierebisa da
samarTlianobisTvis brZola-
Si igi ukompromiso raindia,
xolo mrevlTan urTierTobaSi
_ saocrad Tbili da
gulCvili sulieri moZRvari.
TiTqmis meoTxedi saukunea, meufe
kalistrate saocari siy-
Solidarität
gamoxmaureba
varuliTa da warmatebiT uZRveba
erT-erT uZveles da uZlieres
eparqias saqarTvelo-
Si _ quTaTis-gaenaTis eparqias.
misi TanxmobiT, mamobrivi
mzrunvelobiTa da aqtiuri
monawileobiT aRorZinda da
axali sicocxle SeiZina didi
xnis winaT gauqmebulma bevrma
eparqiam: mestiisa da zemo
svaneTis, cagerisa da lentexis,
xonisa da samtrediis,
vanisa da baRdaTis, tyibulisa
da Terjolis eparqiebma.
isini Cvens uZveles `dedaeparqias~
gamoeyvnen da axali, damoukidebeli
sicocxle daiwyes.
ra Tqma unda, es yovelmxriv
misasalmebeli movlena iyo!
magram quTaisis eparqiisgan
gamoyofis tendencia Zalian
Sors wavida. bolo xanebSi
mas Camoscildnen quTaTis-gaenaTis
eparqiisadmi tradiciulad,
e.i. `istoriulad kuTvnili~
soflebic: godogani,
nagarevi, WalasTavi, brolisqedi,
odilauri, kvaxWiri,
sarbevi, Wognari, baSi,
varcixe, rac naCqarevad da
arasworad mimaCnia...
quTais-gelaTSi oficialurad
da sruliad unda aRdges sruliad
saqarTvelos samociqulo
da avtokefaluri eklesiis
meore eparqiis Tanamdeboba,
misi kaTedra da rezidencia!
aRniSnuli regionisadmi
istoriulad damkvidrebuli
es maRali statusi sadavo
aRar unda iyos arc dRes da
arc momavalSi. miT umetes,
18 welze metia (1990 wlidan),
rac quTais-gelaTSi aRdga da
warmatebiT funqcionirebs
qveynis meore sasuliero
110
}'vh'mksr
akademia! cxadia, gelaTis sasuliero
akademiis reqtoria
(`moZRvarTmoZRvari~) quTa-
Tel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti
meufe kalistrate...
quTaTis-gaenaTis eparqiis
saWeTmpyrobel meufe kalistrates
locva-kurTxeviTa
da xelmZRvanelobiT, eparqiis
centrSi 1995 wels daarsda
wminda gabriel episkoposis
saxelobis sasuliero
seminaria da saswavlebeli,
xolo 2001 wels _ wminda daviT
aRmaSeneblis saxelobis
saRvTismetyvelo instituti.
1990 wels meufe kalistrate
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos
patriarqs axlda qristianuli
samyaros erT-erT
uZveles citadelSi, qalaq
konstantinopolSi. maT msoflios
marTlmadidebeli qristiani
patriarqisagan saqar-
Tvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis
xelaxali aRiarebis
sigeli miiRes...
rogorc cnobilia, amave 1990
wels, ukanaskneli qarTveli
bagratovani mefis, solomon
meoris (1772-1815), `daRlili
Zvlebi~ trapezuntidan (TurqeTi)
gelaTis samefo ZvalT-
Sesalags, saqarTvelos uZveles
mTawmindas daubrunda.
saqarTvelos eklesiam, savsebiT
samarTlianad, igi wmindanad
Seracxa! yvela am amaRlebuli,
mamuliSviluri da
sulieri aqtis erT-erTi mTavari
organizatori gaxldaT
Cveni sulieri moZRvari, qu-
TaTis-gaenaTis mwyemsmTavari,
meufe kalistrate.
raoden samwuxaroa, rom saqar-
Tvelos uZRebi da uRirsi
Svilebis wyalobiT, es, qarT-
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

velTaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
artistul-poeturi Jesti,
misi zneobrivi rezultati da
mniSvneloba TiTqmis SeumCneveli
darCa maSindeli da axlandeli
saqarTvelosaTvis,
misi urTierTSuRliT
damaSvrali SvilebisaTvis.
2005 wels quTaTel-gaenaTeli
mitropolitis, meufe kalistrates
wardginebiT, saqarTvelos
eklesiis wminda
sinodma wmindanTa dasSi
Seracxa: giorgi Wyondideli
_ daviT aRmaSeneblis sulieri
aRmzrdeli, quTaTel mitropoliti
dosiTeos wereTeli
da gaenaTeli mitropoliti
eqvTime SarvaSiZe. aseT
keTilSobilur moRvaweobas
meufe didi gulmodginebiTa
da warmatebiT ganagrZobs...
gansakuTrebiT STambeWdavi da
amaRlebuli iyo meufe kalistrates
pirovnuli roli da
Rvawli afxazeTisaTvis brZolaSi
(1992-93 ww.). misi golia-
Turi figura xSirad Canda cecxlis
alSi gaxveuli soxumidan
gadmocemul maSindel satelevizio
gadacemebsa da presaSi.
igi imedsa da sulier rwmenas
unergavda uRvTod gayidul
da sasikvdilod ganwirul
Cvens axalgazrda meomrebs...
meufe kalistrates roli da
funqcia, misi vaJkacuri Semar-
Teba kidev ufro reliefurad
gamoikveTa quTaisis yovladwminda
RvTismSoblis
xarebis taZrisaTvis principul
da xangrZliv `brZola-
Si~, diax, brZolaSi, samarTlian
da keTilSobilur brZolaSi
_ am sityvis saukeTeso
(e.i. samarTliani da mSvidobiani)
gagebiT!
rogorc cnobilia, XIX saukunis
50-ian wlebSi, umefod da
ukaTalikosod (!) darCenil
saqarTveloSi, kerZod, quTaisSi
arsebuli erT-erTi mar-
Tlmadidebluri taZris `gadakeTebas~
Seecada kaTolikuri
eklesiis zogierTi uRirsi
mesveuri. SemdegSi, komunistebis
aTeisturi xelisuflebis
batonobis xanaSi,
es taZari saerTod gaauqmes.
meufe kalistrates dauRalavi
garjiTa da brZoliT,
1989 wels es taZari kvlav
Tavis erTaderT, Zvel, Tavdapirvel
da kanonier patrons,
marTlmadidebel eklesias,
mis samRvdeloebas da
mrevls daubrunda.
arakeTilmosurneebma SemdegSic
(gansakuTrebiT, 2002-
2004 wlebSi) kvlav scades
taZris xelSi Cagdeba. iyo
momenti, rodesac meufe kalistrates
TiTqmis martodmartos
uxdeboda brZola taZrisaTvis.
madloba ufals! es
brZola samarTlianobisa da
WeSmaritebis sruli gamarjvebiT
dasrulda!.. Seufasebelia
meufe kalistrates Rvawli
antiqristianuli da antimar-
Tlmadidebeli seqtebis
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.
meufe kalistratem 30 wlis
winaT, 1983 wlis 25 dekembers,
Caibara quTaTis-gaenaTis
eparqia. maSin aq mxolod erTi
moqmedi samonastro kompleqsi
da sami eklesia iyo 10-mde
moZRvriT. amJamad quTaTisgaenaTis
eparqiaSi moqmedebs
eklesia-monasteri, sadac 116
mRvdel-msaxuri moRvaweobs.
dasasruls: meufe kalistrate,
sruliad saqarTvelos ka-
Tolikos patriarqis saerTo
xelmZRvanelobiTa da locvakurTxeviT,
saTaveSi Caudga
saSviliSvilo saqmes, saqarT-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
111
solidaroba
velos erovnuli erTianobis,
saxelmwifoebrivi erTianobis
da damoukideblobis
upirvelesi simbolos didi
salocavi taZris, mariam
RvTismSoblis saxelobis
quTaTisis (bagratis) saka-
Tedro taZris aRdgenas!
rogorc cnobilia, eklesiis
aSeneba udidesi siqvelis, sike-
Tisa da RvTiuri madlis momtania,
xolo taZris ngreva _ udidesi
eris ubedurebis macne!..
gumbaTaxdili, iavarqmnili
bagratis taZari da daRlili
saqarTvelo erTi tyupiscaliviT
hgvanan. bagratis taZari
uciloblad unda aRdges!..
bolo xans, Cveni mravalWirnanaxi
qveynisaTvis usiamovno
procesebTan erTad sasiamovno
momentebis saocari damTxvevac
xdeboda.
mraval wamowyebas marTlac
rom didi RvTiuri madli mosavs.
Cven yvelas Tavisi wili
mivagoT: RmerTs _ RvTisa,
taZars _ taZrisa, keisars _
keisrisa, kacs, miT ufro RvTis
keTilmsaxur mRvdelmTavars
_ RvTis kacisa.
meufeo! dabadebidan 70-e da
quTaTis-gaenaTis mwyemsmTavrobis
30-e wlisTavs gilocavT!
didxans da janmrTel sicocxles
da axal warmatebebs
gisurvebT Cveni samSoblos
sakeTildReod!
gfaravdeT RmerTi!
krZalviT da ridiT
guram gabunia
akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo
universitetis profesori,
istoriis mecnierebaTa
doqtori

#2(29)
gamoxmaureba
baton guram gabunias
werilze anu kidev
erTxel xarebis eklesiis
Sesaxeb
am cota xnis win gazeT P.S.-Si
(#37, 10-16 noemberi, 2008 w.)
gamoqveynda akaki wereTlis
saxelmwifo universitetis
profesoris, istoriis mecnierebaTa
doqtoris, baton guram
gabunias werili `quTaisgaenaTis
eparqiis dauRleli
mwyemsmTavari~, romelic
eZRvneba quTaTel-gaenaTeli
mitropolitis, meufe kalistrates
dabadebis 70-e da mwyemsmTavrad
moRvaweobis 30-e
wlisTavs. werilis avtori
ulocavs mas iubiles da gvamcnobs
meufe kalistratesaTvis
doqtoris sapatio wodebis
miniWebis Sesaxeb. yovelive
es TavisTavad ar gaxlavT
rigiTi movlena, amitom neba
gviboZeT quTaiseli kaTolikeebis
saxeliT (marTalia,
cota dagvianebiT), SevuerTdeT
am milocvas da guliTadad
vusurvoT meufe kalistrates
Semdgomi warmatebebi
Tavis moRvaweobaSi mrevlis
sasikeTod.
rogorc ityvian, yvelaferi
es kargi, batono Cemo, magram
werilis erT nawilSi avtori
xarebis eklesiis Temas exeba
da aq namdvilad ver davrCebodiT
gulgrilni. miuxedavad
imisa, rom gazeTis im nomerma
mogvianebiT da sruliad
SemTxveviT moaRwia Cvenamde
(mrevlis erT-erTma wevrma
mogvitana, romlisTvisac
is Tavis marTlmadidebel
megobars miucia), gadavwyviteT
mainc gamovxmaurebodiT
mas (simarTle giTxraT, erT-
Solidarität
gamoxmaureba
xans viyoymaneT kidec _ Rirda
Tu ara?), imitom, rom am
werils bevri quTaiseli waikiTxavda
da albaT bevri kidec
daijerebda im braldebebs,
rasac werilis avtori uyenebs
`kaTolikuri eklesiis
zogierT uRirs mesveurs~.
batono guram, rodesac vinme
Tavis Tavs uflebas aZlevs
Seexos iseT mtkivneul Temas,
rogoric xarebis eklesiis
sakiTxia, yvelas da miTumetes
mecniers, marTebs, upirveles
yovlisa, minimum sami principi
daicvas: iyos kompetenturi,
anu Rrmad icodes sakiTxis
arsi; iyos miukerZoebeli,
anu obieqturi, simarTlis
damcveli da, rac aranakleb
mniSvnelovania, amave dros
iyos kritikulic, vinaidan
sakiTxi adamianTa garkveuli
jgufis Rirsebasa da rwmenas
exeba. Tqven ki am xalxs erTica
da meorec iseTi paTosiTa
da SemarTebiT SeulaxeT,
albaT arc dafiqrebulxarT,
daumsaxureblad rom SeuracxyofdiT
aTeulobiT Tqvens
Tanaqalaqels, aravize naklebi
qarTvelebi da qristianebi
rom ar arian. Tqven, batono
guram, vercerTi am princip-
Tagani ver daicaviT, Tumca,
rogorc mecnieri, valdebuli
iyaviT dagecvaT. ufro metic,
Tqven istoria gaayalbeT.
arada, rogorc istorikoss
da patiosan adamians (raSic
eWvi ar gvepareba), istoriis
gayalbebis nebismieri faqtis
gamo protestis grZnoba unda
giCndebodeT yovelTvis (Sinaganad
mainc). Tqven ki piriqiT,
am mankierebis wamaxaliseblad
da magaliTis mimcemad
mogvevlineT. amitom imeds
vitovebT, rom es lafsusi
112
}'vh'mksr
sakiTxis Rrmad arcodnis
gamo mogividaT.
mogvyavs citata Tqveni
werilidan: `rogorc cnobilia
me-19 s-is 50-ian wlebSi,
umefod da ukaTalikosod (!)
darCenil saqarTveloSi,
kerZod, quTaisSi arsebuli
erT-erTi marTlmadidebluri
taZris `gadakeTebas~ Seecada
kaTolikuri eklesiis zogierTi
uRirsi mesveuri~. gana
ra sabuTi an istoriuli
cnoba gaqvT imis dasamtkiceblad,
rom taZari adre marTlmadidebluri
iyo? an ra period-
Si iyo is aseTi? an kaTolikeebma
rodis miitaces? ris
gadakeTebas Seecadnen da
rodis? CagitarebiaT ki amis
dasadgenad raime kvleva?
albaT ara! da kidevac rom
mogekvliaT, amdagvars verc
verafers naxavdiT, radgan
Tqveni am mosazrebis (sxvaTa
Soris aramarto Tqveni) damadasturebeli
arcerTi faqti,
arcerTi sabuTi bunebaSi,
ubralod, ar arsebobs erTi
martivi mizezis gamo _ aseTi
ram arasdros momxdara da nu
davujerebT uaxloes period-
Si SeTxzul miTebs.
`1989 wels es taZari kvlav
Zvel, Tavdapirvel da kanonier
patrons, marTlmadidebel
eklesias daubrunda~-o,
brZanebT. es rogor, batono
guram? gamodis, rom mTeli
am xnis manZilze (daaxl. 150
weli), kaTolikeebi mas arakanonierad
flobdnen?! saocaria
rogor moaxerxes es?!
SeiZleboda ki saerTod aseTi
ram momxdariyo? am taZris
saZirkvelis Cayridan (1814 w.)
komunistebis mier mis daxurvamde
(1939 w.) da mis Semdegac
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

(rodesac iq jer sawyobebi,
mere ki saorRano (!) musikis
darbazi iyo), aravis arasodes
eWvic ki ar Seutania imaSi,
rom es kaTolikuri taZari
iyo, da raRa am bolo aTwleulSi
gaxda es saeWvo? arasdros
dafiqrebulxarT amaze,
batono guram? da kidev: mar-
Talia, me-19 saukuneSi saqarTvelo
umefod da ukaTalikosod
darCa, magram ra SuaSia
aq es? gaugebaria, ra gindaT
amiT uTxraT mkiTxvels? (albaT
gindaT daabnioT igi!).
gana me-19 saukuneSi saqarTveloSi
eklesiebi ar Sendeboda?
Tu imis Tqma gindaT, ka-
Tolikeebma, ariqa, saqarTvelos
mefe da kaTalikosi ar hyavso,
dro ixelTes da sxvisi taZrebis
mitaceba-gadakeTebas mihyves
xeli? es xom mtknari sicruea!
Tqven, rogorc istorikosma,
unda icodeT, rom sinamdvileSi
piriqiT iyo: rusebi
yovelnairad cdilobdnen
saqarTveloSi (da, saer-
Tod, mTeli ruseTis imperiaSi)
kaTolikoba ar gavrcelebuliyo,
radgan amaSi saSiSroebas
xedavdnen TavianTTvis.
es xom dasavlur orientacias
da maTi gavlenis Sesustebas
niSnavda! amitom iyo,
rom yovelnairad zRudavdnen
CvenSi kaTolike misionerebis
Semosvlas da maT moRvaweobas.
maT mier misionerTa saqarTvelodan
gaZevebis fatebic
yofila (maT Soris erT xans
quTaisidanac). aqedan
gamomdinare, rusebis xelSi
quTaisel kaTolikeebs aravin
miscemda uflebas sxvis
eklesias da-patronebodnen
an gadaekeTebinaT igi.
ai, qarTveli mefeebi da ka-
Talikosebi ki, piriqiT,
yovelTvis didi surviliT
iwvevdnen, iRebdnen da mfarvelobdnen
kaTolike misionerebs.
taZrebsac Cuqnidnen
maT da axlebis aSenebis nebasac
rTavdnen. sainteresoa,
ratom akeTebdnen amas, Tuki
es qveyanas ar waadgeboda? an
iqneb dRevandel qarTvelebze
naklebad patriotebi iyvnen?
es miwis nakveTic, sadac
axlandeli xarebis eklesia
dgas, swored rom imereTis
mefeebma uboZes kaTolike
misionerebs, romelTac iq
ukve hqondaT TavianTi Zveli
eklesia. amis damadasturebeli
bevri dokumenti gvaqvs xelT
(erT-erTs Tan vurTavT am
werils, komentarebis gareSe,
Tqven ar unda gagiWirdeT
misi mniSvnelobis Sefaseba).
Tu Tqven simarTle gainteresebT,
SegiZliaT mobrZandeT,
batono guram (Tqvenc da sxvac,
vinc dainteresdeboda am TemiT),
da sxva saintereso sabuTebsac
gaCvenebT, romelTa
vrclad damowmeba amjerad
SeuZlebelia Cveni werilis
formatis gamo, magram saintereso
iqneboda TqvenTvis,
rogorc istorikosisTvis.
istoriografia, mogexsenebaT,
kvlevebs, arqeologiur gaTxrebs,
istoriuli Sinaarsis
werilebs, dokumentebs emyareba
da aranairi kavSiri ar
aqvs miTologiasTan. Tqven ki
miTebiT cdilobT sakiTxSi
gauTviTcnobierebeli mkiTxveli
SecdomaSi SeiyvanoT,
Tavgza aubnioT da crupatriotuli
grZnobebi aRZraT
masSi, viTomda ai ra brZolis
gadatana gvixdeba `arakeTilmosurneebis~
(qveteqstiT albaT
igulisxmeba _ kaTolikeebis)
winaaRmdeg marTlmadi-
Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
113
solidaroba
deblobis dasacavado. ratom
cdilobT SeqmnaT Cvengan
mtris xati, batono guram?
Cvenc xom qristianebi da
qarTvelebi varT! nuTu ver
xvdebiT, rom amgvari gamonaTqvamebiT
eris gaxleCas da
dapirispirebas uwyobT xels?
gana isedac ar eyofa Cven
saqarTvelos rac sWirs, axla
esRa gvaklda kidev? nuTu
qveynis dRevandelma realobam
da axlaxans gadatanilma
ommac veraferi gvaswavla,
ver dagvanaxa vin vin aris?
da bolos, xarebis eklesiis
Temas amTavrebT fraziT:
`...Seufasebelia meufe kalistrates
Rvawli antiqristianuli
da antimarTlmadidebluri
seqtebis winaaRmdeg
brZolaSi~. keTili da patiosani,
magram ver gavigeT, Cven,
kaTolikeebsac imaTSi (anu
seqtebSi) mogviazrebT? es winadadeba
abzaciT mainc rom
dagewyoT, maSin mkiTxvelisaTvis
gasagebi iqneboda, rom
kaTolikur eklesias seqtad
ar miiCnevT. ar gvinda davijeroT,
rom Tqven elementarul
religiur sakiTxebSi
ver erkveodeT da kaTolike
eklesias Tavisi erTmiliardiani
mrevliTa da mTeli sasuliero
ierarqiiT seqtebTan
aigivebdeT. modiT, esec meqanikur
an stilistikuri xasiaTis
Secdomad CavTvaloT,
magram ra vuyoT mkiTxvels?
is xom gaurkvevlobaSi darCa.
saerTod ki, aseT gamonaTqvamebs,
cota ar iyos, qsenofobiis
elferi dahkravs, rac
Cvens ganaTlebul da humanur
saukuneSi, rbilad rom vTqvaT,
warsulis bnel gadmonaS-
Tad iTvleba da sulac ar metyvelebs
pirovnebis Rirsebaze.

#2(29)
ise, batono guram, meufe
kalistrates damsaxurebebis
warmosaCenad sulac ar iyo
aucilebeli xarebis eklesiis
Temas SexebodiT. Tqveni
werilidanac kargad Cans,
rom meufe kalistrates ar
aklia damsaxurebebi da
Tqvens adgilas am mtkivneul
sakiTxze saerTod gaCumebas
vamjobinebdiT. magram, samwuxarod,
saqme isaa, rom sxvisi
gulistkivili ar gvawuxebs
xolme. sxvisi Wiri Robes
Cxirio, xom gagigoniaT da
swored aseTi gulqva da
arakompetenturi adamianebis
windauxedaobis gamo iqna
Tavis droze (1989 wels) daSvebuli
sabediswero Secdoma
xarebis taZarTan dakavSirebiT,
ager ukve 20 welia Seuxorcebeli
WrilobasaviT
dResac rom awuxebs yvela
keTilsindisier adamians,
kaTolikesac da marTlmadidebelsac.
magram erTi wu-
TiTac ar ifiqroT, batono
guram, arc Tqven, arc sxvam,
rom imis gamo, rac moxda,
Cven, `uRirs~ kaTolikeebs,
siZulvilis grZnoba gvqondes
guls CarCenili romelime
marTlmadideblis mimarT.
imisic gvjera, rom Tavis
droze yvelaferi dalagdeba.
am wuTisofelSi yvelaferi
drois da uflis xelTaa,
romelic TviTon gviCvenebs
erTmaneTisken saval gzebs.
Tqvenze ukeT vin unda icodes,
rom pirvel qristianebs,
romlebsac devnidnen, eklesiebi
gamoqvabulebsa da katakombebSi
hqondaT da ara
grandiozul da mdidrulad
mowyobil eklesiebSi. mxolod
Senoba (Tundac eklesiisa) ar
aris mTavari, mTavari is aris,
Tu ra suli sufevs masSi. da
Solidarität
gamoxmaureba
kidev, mTavari xalasi rwmenaa
da im aTi mcnebis dacva, romelTagan
erT-erTi gveubneba:
`ara swamo cili moyvassa
Sensa~.
quTaiseli kaTolikeebi
114
}'vh'mksr
Ñîëiäàðíiñòü

Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä solidaroba Solidarity Ñîëèäàðíîñòü
115
solidaroba

#2(29)
Solidarity
Summary
Solidarität
Human rights and tolerance remain major topics of the issue N2/2009 of the magazine “Solidarity”,
but this time they are more closely related to the events currently taking place in our
country. These issues are outlined in the following material: Interview with Mr. Robert Watkins,
UNDP Resident Representative in Georgia; Round Table on the topic “Current Processes in
Georgia from the Perspective of Ethnic Minorities”; Summary of the discussion “from April 9,
1989 to April 9, 2009” held on 8 April, 2009 in the Heinrich Böll Foundation with participation
of: the speakers - Mr. Ivliane Khaindrava – member of the Republican Party of Georgia, Ms.
Naira Gelashvili - head of the “Caucasian House” and Mr. Emzar Jgerenaia – sociologist; and
an artilce by Mr. Zaal Andronikashvili “Nowhereland”.
In this issue of our magazine we also present an artilce by Mr. Pridon Sakvarelidze “Main
Concepts related to Human Rights and Freedoms – Dignity” and a short version of the survey
on “Human Rights Awareness in Georgia” conducted for the Public Defender of Georgia with
the support of UNDP.
The rubric “Our Circle” covers two sensitive social problems - street children and private lives
of disabled people. The rubric “Orienteer” tells the reader about the life of ecclesiastic Jacques
Gaillot who dedicated his life to protection of the minorities’ and vulnerable groups’ rights.
In this issue we also present Georgian versions of the articles: “Civil Culture and Democratic
Stability” by Gabriel Almond and “Compatibility of Religion and Democracy” by Alfred Stephan.
116
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Ñîëiäàðíiñòü