148 149 1. uiliam Seqspiri (1564-1616) genialuri ingliseli dramaturgi ...
148 149 1. uiliam Seqspiri (1564-1616) genialuri ingliseli dramaturgi ...
148 149 1. uiliam Seqspiri (1564-1616) genialuri ingliseli dramaturgi ...
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esse-is komentari:<br />
<strong>1.</strong> <strong>uiliam</strong> <strong>Seqspiri</strong> (<strong>1564</strong>-<strong>1616</strong>) <strong>genialuri</strong> <strong>ingliseli</strong><br />
<strong>dramaturgi</strong> da poeti, miCneulia msoflio <strong>dramaturgi</strong>is<br />
erT-erT yvelaze didebul warmomadgenlad. _ u. <strong>Seqspiri</strong><br />
2. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`hamleti~ _ <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s yvelaze enigmuri da cnobili tragedia.<br />
konstantine gamsaxurdia1 erTgan werda, rom donkixoti<br />
mTesvelia, xolo hamleti momkeli. aq cxadia igulisxmeba<br />
axali aRTqmis teqsti, sadac ieso qriste ambobs:<br />
– `37. radgan amaSia sityva WeSmariti: erTi Tesavs da<br />
sxva imkis.<br />
38. me Tqven mogavlenT imis mosamkelad, razedac ar giSromiaT.<br />
sxvebma iSromes, Tqven ki maT SromaSi SemoxvediT~<br />
ioane ioane 4. 4. 37.38. 37.38.<br />
Zalian sainteresoa u. folkneris interpretacia don kixotze:<br />
– `sicocxlis azri keTilsa da borotSi ar aris. don<br />
kixoti gamudmebiT ansxvavebs maT, oRond ocnebiT. igi SeSlili<br />
iyo. igi maSinaa realuri, roca imdenad upirispir deba<br />
sazogadoebas, rom dro aRar hyofnis boroti da keTili<br />
airCios~.<br />
u. folkneri. `saubrebi u. folknerTan~ Targmnes rostom da paata<br />
CxeiZeebma, 65 gv.<br />
niSandoblivia, rom xelovnebis istoriis ori gamor-<br />
Ceuli gmiri da niSan-sveti SeSlilia. don-kixotis SeSliloba<br />
da hamletis SeSliloba maxasiaTebelia im ubiwo<br />
gonebisTvis, romelsac borotebis miReba da dajereba ar<br />
ZaluZT. maT mier Seucnoblis motana samyaroSi imiT aris<br />
ganpirobebuli rom maT zecnobieris sikeTe, RvTaebrivi<br />
sinaTle miuZRvebaT da is, rac SeSlilobad iTvleba miwieri<br />
samyarosaTvis, mxolooden niSania, rom isini ukve gavidnen<br />
miwieri samyarodan, anu am samyarosTvis mkvdarni Seiqmnen.<br />
3. platoni _ (Zv.w. 427-347 w.) klasikuri xanis berZeni<br />
filosofosi. sokrates moswavle, aristoteles maswavlebeli,<br />
filosofiuri dialogebis avtori, aTenis akademiis<br />
damfuZnebeli.<br />
... platons filosofia miaCnda Ziebad da ara dasrulebuli<br />
rezultatebis momcem mecnierebad.<br />
platonis filosofiaSi poetisa da filosofosis igavmiuwvdomeli<br />
da daucilebeli myofoba aRsdga. es maSin<br />
xdeba roca RvTaebrivis macocxlebeli wveniT iwereba teqsti,<br />
platonis nawarmoebebi dialogis formiT aris dawerili,<br />
rac dramis, poeziis, filosofiis da umaRlesi musikis<br />
anu maTematikisa da musikis erTdaigiveobis enigmur rkals<br />
qmnis.<br />
masSi sitkboebiTa da laRobiT, mSvenierebiTa da zeSTagonebis<br />
aRmtaci simsubuqiT SemoaRwevs RvTaebrivis sibrZne<br />
da kacobriobis winaSe dasmuli kiTxvebis simZime da daujerebeli<br />
sicxade saCino xdeba.<br />
cnobilia, rom platonma aRmosavleTSi mogzaurobis dros<br />
miiRo didi ganaTleba is eziara aRmosavlur sibrZnes da<br />
xeldasmis ori safexuri gaiara. maSin roca egviptis qurumebs<br />
xeldasmis Svidi safexuri hqondaT gavlili.<br />
sainteresoa gaviazroT, rom platoni romelic flobda<br />
xeldasmis mxolod or safexurs, iqca mTeli dasavluri<br />
filosofiis birTvad, – im `RmerTad~, romelmac rogorc<br />
nergma aRmoacena dasavluri filosofiis yvela toti da mis<br />
mier moweuli nayofi.<br />
Cveni didi mTargmneli, brwyinvale komentarebis avtori<br />
baCana bregvaZe `parmenides~ SesavalSi aRniSnavs:<br />
`cnobili inglisel-amerikeli maTematikosi, logikosi da<br />
filosofosi alfred norT uaithedi (1861-1947 ww), mTel<br />
dasavlur filosofias platonis dialogebis kabadonebze<br />
miweril SeniSvnebad Tvlida...<br />
<strong>148</strong> <strong>149</strong>
Cveni drois TvalsaCino norvegieli platonisti egil<br />
vileri Tavis gamokvlevaSi – `platonis `parmenide~ platonuri<br />
henologiis interpretacia~ (oslo, 1960 w.) uaithedis<br />
Tvalsazrisis perifrazirebiT kidev ufro akonkretebs mis<br />
azrs da mTel dasavlur filosofias `parmenides~ komentare-<br />
bad miiCnevs~. miiCnevs (xazgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe).<br />
platoni `parmenide~-s winasityvaoba baCana bregvaZe, gv.10<br />
4. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`es mocimcime moneta ki im sibrZned mesaxeboda, romelzedac<br />
platoni odesRac werda da gvirCevda, rom mogvepovebina~.<br />
J. siraZe `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~. gv. 4.<br />
teqstSi platonis ukvdav dialogSi `fedonSi~ moyvanili<br />
citatis perifrazireba xdeba. kerZod, ai ras wers platoni2 :<br />
– `radgan sibrZnea erTaderTi WeSmariti moneta,<br />
romelzedac yvelaferi es unda gaicvalos. mxolod sibrZniT<br />
iyideba da gaiyi deba yoveli: simamace, TavdaWeriloba, samar-<br />
Tlianoba. mokled, rom vTqvaT WeSmariti saTnoeba ganuyrelia<br />
sibrZnisagan, siamovnebis, SiSi da sxva misTanaTa miuxedavad.<br />
magram Tu saTnoeba sibrZnesTan araa wilnayari da isea<br />
qceuli gacvla-gamocvlis sagnad, maSin is saTnoeba ki ara,<br />
mxolod Crdilia saTnoebisa, maSin is monuri saTnoebaa,<br />
romelsac jansaRi da WeSmariti ara gaaCnia ra. radgan jansaRi<br />
am SemTxvevaSi vnebaTagan ganwmendas gulisxmobs da<br />
TavdaWeriloba, samarTlianoba, simamace da TviT sibrZnec<br />
ganwmendis saSualebebs warmoadgenen~.<br />
platoni `fedoni~ 25 gv. Targmna baCana bregvaZem.<br />
platonisTvis umaRlesi sibrZne da saTnoeba erTmaneTisgan<br />
ganuyofelia, amitomac, adamianma WeSmariti codna rom<br />
moipovos, wminda arss eziaros, sxvagvarad WeSmarit sibrZnes<br />
wvdes amisaTvis unda sulierad ganiwmindos, unda uaryos,<br />
ugulebelhyos Tavisi sxeuli da misi Tanamdevi vnebebi:<br />
cToma, Suri, sixarbe, simxdale, sibraze... da im saTnoebis<br />
safexurze avides, rasac hqvia simamace, simarTle, siqvele,<br />
gulovneba....<br />
anu, roca adamiani sibrZnis monetas – WeSmaritebas iwvdomebs,<br />
mas ZaluZs kosmosis yvela saganTan WeSmariti saxiT<br />
warsdgineba, radgan man ukve is samani gadalaxa, rasac mas<br />
dilegSi Camwyvdeva uwesebda, ase uwodebs platoni adamianis<br />
sulis sxeulSi yofnas. samanis gadasalaxavad gardauvali<br />
pirobaa sikvdilis SiSis daZleva. sibrZne platonTan is<br />
umaRlesi mdgomareobaa, romelic uzenaes sikeTes – RmerTs<br />
Segvacnobinebs da roca suli Tavisi wminda saxiT warmogvidgeba.<br />
am wminda saxeSi Tavad RmerTia davanebuli, radgan<br />
wminda saganTa Wvreta ukve amqveyniurobidan gasvlacaa da im<br />
igavmiuwvdomeli naTelis, mocimcime monetis xilvacaa.<br />
Tumca, Cems teqstSi (`hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~<br />
– J.s.) mocimcime moneta. dasaxelebulia, rogorc<br />
platonis sibrZne, magram es erT-erTi SesaZlo mocimcime<br />
monetaa.<br />
es mocimcime moneta – xan Talesis 3 wyalia, xan heraklites<br />
lites4 maradcocxali cecxli, xan anaqsimandres<br />
anaqsimandres5 apeironi,<br />
xan ki anaqsimenis anaqsimenis6 msoflio suli – haeri.<br />
mocimcime moneta – `piTagorelTa Teoriis mixedviT<br />
ricxvi RmerTia, RmerTia ricxvia kosmosi, da misi arsi – musika<br />
igive ricxvTa ganlagebaa, Tanafardobaa. mokled, yoveli<br />
sagani mxolod imitom aris sagani, rom is ricxvTa ganlagebaa~.<br />
e. Sure `piTagora~ 7 .<br />
sainteresoa, rasac wers pol valeri: – `yoveli sistemis<br />
dasasruli rom yalbia, es araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs. sawinaaRmdego<br />
daskvna SeuZlebeli iqneboda da arabunebrivi.<br />
rac Seexeba maT dasawyiss, – amaze SeiZleba kidev idavos<br />
kacma~. p. valeri `azrebi~<br />
am fraziT pol valeri 8 im gardauval kanonzomierebaze<br />
migvaniSnebs, rom mocimcime moneta yvela samyaroSi WeSmari-<br />
150 151
ebas gvaziarebs, Tumca amiT man mTeli Tavisi Semoqmedebis<br />
sawinaaRmdego argumenti SemogvTavaza.<br />
me ki minda vTqva, rom yoveli moazrovne, romelic erTgulebis<br />
gzas irCevs, aRwevs kidec am WeSmaritebas. is nam dvil<br />
qmnilebaSi irkaleba da myofobs, amiT imis Tqma minda, rom<br />
WeSmariteba `mocimcime monetis~ saxiT erTi da igivea da<br />
RvTaebrivi goni maT erT da igive, WeSmarit teqstad aRiqvams.<br />
amitomac Cemive teqstSi aqve (`hamletis niRabs amofarebuli<br />
xelovani~) iwereba:<br />
– `... es is monetaa, romliTac yvela ambavi aixsneboda,<br />
odnav Suq-CrdilebiT daburuli sagnebi ki yofierebis saidumloebaze<br />
mimaniSnebda (J. siraZe – `hamlets niRabs amofarebuli<br />
xelovani~ gv. 4).<br />
an, iqve:<br />
– `mocimcime moneta – is marcvlebia, samyaros arss, mis<br />
gulisguls, rom gamoxataven da gadagvixsnian~.<br />
(J. siraZe – `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~, gv. 4).<br />
magram mocimcime moneta SeiZleba m. prustisTvis9 `mexsierebiT<br />
aRdgenili gancdaa~, es mocimcime monetaa mis samyaros,<br />
rom amoZravebs:<br />
– `... gulis siRrmeSi vgrZnobdi warsulis TrTolvas<br />
warsulisa, romelsac ver vcnobT~<br />
m. prusti `wignis kiTxva~, 6 gv.<br />
an, iqve:<br />
– `... vgrZnobdi, rogor meufleboda bedniereba da vmdidrdebodi<br />
am wminda substanciiT, romelsac wmindad SenarCune buli<br />
wminda cxovrebis gardasaxuli STabeWdileba hqvia. da romlis<br />
Secnoba mxolod guldagul SenaxviT SeiZleba, – mexsiereba<br />
gancdisas ver acnobierebs, radgan igi Tavisive STanTqmuli<br />
grZnobebis morevSi trialebs~<br />
m. prusti, `wignis kiTxva~, gv. 6.<br />
aq is aris saintereso, rom marsel prusti Tavisi `diadi<br />
mexsierebiT~, radgan igi `mexsierebiT ganwmendil gancdas~<br />
gvTavazobs, uneburad adamianis dabrunebas asaxavs uxilav<br />
samyaroSi, radgan am Tavisi diadi mexsierebis erTgulebiT<br />
igi aRadgens RvTaebrivis amaRlebul xats da am sarkeSi,<br />
Tavisi Tavis aRdginebiT is srulyofilebas iZens.<br />
amiT m. prusti Sordeba yofierebis sazRvrebs da amas<br />
SeiZleba platonis ideebis samyaroSi mogzaurobac ki vuwodoT,<br />
an sakuTari Tavis cnoba mexsierebaTa sarkis saSualebiT<br />
es mocimcime moneta, moneta paskalis10 enaze azrovnebis unaria:<br />
– `adamianis sidiade – esaa misi azrovnebis unari~<br />
b. paskali, `azrebi~ 267 gv.<br />
sxva sityvebiT, paskali – azrovnebis sidiadis unars ase<br />
akonkretebs:<br />
– `suls ar SeuZlia Tavi Seikavos im simaRleze, rasac<br />
goneba araadamianuri ZalisxmeviT aRwevs; is adis iq, rogorc<br />
taxtze, ara samaradisod, aramed mxolod wamiT~.<br />
b. paskali, `azrebi~, 267 gv.<br />
ai, ras wers mecnierebaTa doqtori filosofiis darg-<br />
Si batoni revaz gordeziani wignSi `Zveli aRmosavleTis<br />
filosifia~-Si, kerZod, TavSi `ioga~-Si:<br />
`XX saukunis gamoCenili iogi ramaCaraka aRniSnavs Tavis<br />
mniSvnelovan gamokvlevebSi (`indoel iogTa msoflmxedvelobis<br />
safuZvlebi~) adamiani, TiToeuli individi aris ur-<br />
Tulesi arseba, Sinagani struqtura, romelsac mravalgvari<br />
sawyisi gaaCnia. adamiani aris mravalgvar SreTa Sinagani,<br />
struqturuli mTlianoba. am mTlianobaSi gaerTianebulia<br />
Svidi sxvadasxva sawyisi: <strong>1.</strong> fizikuri sxeuli; 2. astraluri<br />
sxeuli; 3. prana, anu sasicocxlo Zala; 4. instinqturi<br />
goneba; 5. inteleqti; 6. sulieri goneba (sulieroba –<br />
Духовность; Wvretis, intuiciis unari); 7. goni (Дух)~.<br />
da aqve agrZelebs:<br />
`meeqvse sawyisi – sulieri goneba (intuicia) Zalian<br />
iSviaTad gvxvdeba iogebis azriT. es goneba, romelsac zogjer<br />
zecnobieris goneba ewodeba, Zalian cota adamians gaaCnia,<br />
152 153
igi sxvaTa Soris, did xelovanTa STagonebis wyaros Seadgens.<br />
iogTa TvalsazrisiT, rac Seexeba meSvide sawyiss – gons<br />
(Дух) igi ufro iSviaTad gvxvdeba adamianebSi realizebuli<br />
saxiT. Tumca igi, iseve rogorc wina eqvsi sawyisi, rogorc<br />
iTqva, aucilebel sawyiss warmoadgens adamianur yofierebaSi.<br />
ramaCaraka ganmartavs, rom es sawyisi aris swored RvTaebrivi<br />
naperwkali CvenSi, Cveni RvTaebrivi buneba, Cveni WeSmariti<br />
`me~, Cveni `sulis suli~ pirovnebis mier `zecnobieris~<br />
miRweva, adamianur eqstazSi umaRlesi sulieri<br />
sinaTlis miRwevas, mopovebas, masSi swored am meSvide sawyisis<br />
`gaxsna-gamJRavnebas~ vgulisxmobdiT.<br />
r. gordeziani `Zveli aRmosavleTis filosofia~ (indoeT-<br />
CineTi), 139 gv. _ 140 gv.<br />
blez paskali swored am meSvide sawyisze saubrobs, ami-<br />
tomac wers igi `araadamianuri ZalisxmeviT miiRweva~ miiRweva~.<br />
exla minda `mocimcime moneta~ Tanamedrove samyaroSi<br />
Semovxazo.<br />
a. kamiu11 ai, ase wers:<br />
`absurdi, romelic aqamde daskvnad iyo miCneuli, am esse-<br />
Si aTvlis wertilad gvevlineba~. a. kamiu, `sizifes miTi~<br />
3 gv.<br />
a. kamiu swored im `mocimcime monetas~ gvTavazobs, ro-<br />
melic sibrZnesTan araa wilnayari da ise aris qceuli<br />
gacvla-gamocvlis sagnad.<br />
diax, a. kamiu gvTavazobs TanamedroveTa msgavsad iseT<br />
`mocimcime monetas~, romelic arc `cimcimebs~ da arc saTnoebasTan<br />
ar aris wilnayari, da es aris aRwera platonis<br />
sibrZnis monetis uwonadod qcevisa.<br />
5. jeims joisi 1882-194<strong>1.</strong> XX saukunis yvelaze gavleniani<br />
irlandieli mwerali da poeti. misi yvelaze cnobili<br />
nawrmoebia romani `ulise~, romelsac uwodeben `cnobierebis<br />
nakadis~ literaturis Sedevrs.<br />
`cnobierebis nakadis mwerlisaTvis ZiriTadia ara adamianis<br />
sulieri mdgomareobis, misi fsiqikuri samyaros, misi<br />
azrebis da gancdebis wera. ara gmiris fsiqologiuri daxasiaTeba,<br />
aramed TviT cnobierebis aqtivobis Cveneba, TviT<br />
azris gamokveTis procesis gadmocema, Tanac iseTi mxatvruli<br />
saSualebebiT, rom wina planze wamoiweva cnobierebis<br />
metyvelebamdeli done, romelic arc sametyvelo da arc<br />
damwerlobiT komunikaciur safuZvels ar gulisxmobs. amitomaa<br />
swored, rom aseTi prozis ena xSirad dawyvetili,<br />
erTi SexedviT erTmaneTTan daukavSirebeli da bundovani<br />
gamoTqmebisa da sityvebisgan Sedgeba~.<br />
n. yiasaSvili (winasityvaoba wignisa jeims joisis<br />
`ulise~).<br />
6. Sesavlis komentari: Q<br />
joisis12 `ulise~-Si moyvanili magaliTi:<br />
`algebris meSveobiT amtkicebs, rom hamletis Svili-<br />
Svili <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s papaa da rom TviTon igi sakuTari mamis<br />
`aCrdili~.<br />
j. joisi `ulise~. gv. 5<br />
aq aRiwereba is samyaro, romelic amoyiravebulia. sa-<br />
myaros am modelSi yvelaze didi Rirebuleba – aTvlis<br />
wertili – absurdia. – gaucxoebul qmedebaTa jami. am sa-<br />
myaroSi Sens Tavs rom miuaxlovde, Seni Tavi rom Seicno,<br />
es yvelaze didi danaSauli da Secdomaa, anu absurdi. da<br />
m. haidegeri13 dawers frazas, riTac gaamJRavnebs epoqis mTavar<br />
avadmyofobas:<br />
– `siyvaruls ukve aRaraferi ZaluZs~<br />
usiyvaruloba sulac kanonzomieria, radgan Tundac jeimz<br />
joisis `ulise~-Si, romelic amoyiravebuli samyaros sanimuSo<br />
msoflmxatia, aCrdilebs hyavT TavianTi memkvidreebi,<br />
radgan platonis aCrdilTa samyarom rogoradac miaCnda mas<br />
miwieri samyaro axali saxe miiRo, is (empiriuli sinamdvile)<br />
154 155
aCrdilis aCrdilad iqca da a.S. da a.S.<br />
radgan adamianma RmerTi uaryo da TavisTavad cxadia,<br />
sulier dabadebazec uari ganacxada.<br />
ioane 3.7. `nu gagikvirdebaT, rom giTxraT: Tqven xelaxla<br />
unda iSvaT-meTqi~.<br />
meored, ciT dabadeba imasac niSnavs, rom RmerTs mivendobiT<br />
da maSin buneba Tvals agvixels da RmerTis diad<br />
Zalmosilebas SegvagrZnobinebs, mis cxovelmyofel niWad<br />
gardavisaxebiT. es aris bunebis daZlevis swori gza, magram<br />
roca bunebas zurgs vaqcevT, mxolod misi meqanikuri ConCxi<br />
SemogveCeCeba xelT.<br />
Tanamedrove adamianis cxovreba imitom iqca mkvdar sqemaSi<br />
moqceul moZraobad Tavisi gamaucxoebeli sagnebiT, rom<br />
rogorc ukve vTqviT es uRmerTo samyaroa, aq sagnebi zeda-<br />
pirzea dafenili da Rirebulebani uwonadod aris qceuli. qceuli<br />
amitomac romanSi saubaria j. joisis `ulise~-ze moTxrobili<br />
`ambavic~, romelic aq `mimdinareobs~, isic amoyiravebulia<br />
da uwonado.<br />
hamletis SviliSvili – <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s papaa.<br />
Tumca, <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s dramaSi `hamletSi~ – (romelSic<br />
<strong>Seqspiri</strong>s genia RvTaebriv nebas mindobili gviyveba ambavs)<br />
personaJi hamleti ise kvdeba, rom mas Svili ara hyavs, magram<br />
rac ar unda gasaocari iyos, am amoyiravebul samyaroSi gardacvlilebs<br />
hyavT TavianTi memkvidreebi, riTac sacnobi<br />
xdeba, rom figuralurad rom warmovidginoT, platonis ideebis<br />
samyaros aCrdilTa samyarom, rogoradac miwieri samyaro<br />
iTvleba usasrulo yalbi asli gaunaRda. amitomac ase ukavSirdeba<br />
erTmaneTs ori usasrulod gadamravlebuli asli<br />
erTmaneTs, SeuZlebloba, rogorc SesaZlebloba. es uazroba<br />
gangvicxadebs da Tvals agvixels, rom wesrigi dairRva da<br />
am samyaros adamianis gaucxoebuli saxe, – misi alter ego<br />
– roboti gankargavs Rirebulebebs, rac adamianis mier uaryofili<br />
bunebis meqanikuri saxea.<br />
7. gv. 7. liri _ <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s tragediis `mefe liris~ mTavari<br />
personaJi.<br />
8. gv. 6. horacio _ <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s tragediis `hamletis~ erTerTi<br />
mTavari personaJi.<br />
9. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`<strong>Seqspiri</strong> joiss kargad icnobda~<br />
J. siraZe `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~ gv. 6.<br />
t. elioti14 werda:<br />
– `... istoriis SegrZneba awerinebs kacs ara mxolod<br />
Tavisi Taobis poziciebidan gamomdinare, aramed ise, TiTqos<br />
mTeli evropuli literatura, homerosidan mokidebuli da<br />
masTan erTad misi mSobliuri qveynis literatura, erTdroulad<br />
arseboben da erTian wesrigs qmnian~.<br />
t. elioti `tradicia da pirovnuli niWiereba~, inglisurad<br />
Targmnes paata da rostom CxeiZeebma. 407 gv.<br />
Cven vgumanobT wesrigs, – im marcvals, romelSic erTad<br />
myofoben CvenTvis ukve gardacvlilni xelovanni, Tu momavalSi,<br />
SesaZleblobaSi moqmedni. radgan am wesrigisTvis<br />
zRvari amier da imier samyaroebs Soris ar arsebobs, – radgan<br />
_ is cocxalTa da mkvdarTa enigmuri atomia.<br />
da Tu xelovanTa warmomadgenlebi – enigmur atomSi<br />
myofoben, – maSin sulac aRar aRiqmeba paradoqsalurad, rom<br />
XVI-XVII saukuneSi mcxovrebi <strong>Seqspiri</strong> kargad icnobda XX<br />
saukuneSi mcxovreb jeimz joiss.<br />
radgan genialurobis SegrZneba xdeba ara gonebiT, an<br />
gansjiT, aramed im umaRlesi goniT, goniT romliTac literaturis<br />
wris JamierobaSi vvardebiT da warsulSi mcxovrebi <strong>Seqspiri</strong><br />
kargad icnobda (SeiZleba ufro zusti iqneboda gvexmara<br />
sityva – gumanobs-meTqi) iseTi <strong>genialuri</strong> Semoqmedis myofobas,<br />
rogoric jeimz joisia. rogorc, Tavis mxriv es ukanaskneli<br />
aRiarebda <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s genias.<br />
156 157
am Jamierobis aRwera, erTi SexedviT mark avreliusis15 fiqriT ase aris SesaZlebeli:<br />
– `vinc ixila awmyo, man ixila yvelaferi; isic, rac iyo<br />
miriadi saukuneebis ukan da isic, rac iqneba ukuniTi uku-<br />
nisamde, radgan yvelaferi erTgvarovani da erTsaxovania~.<br />
erTsaxovania<br />
erTgvarovani da erTsaxovani – aris RvTaebrivi idumalebis<br />
myofoba, romelic ar ganicdis droSi cvlilebas? – da<br />
mudam rCeba rogorc igiveobrivi erTi _ erTisa?<br />
magram sinamdvileSi mark avreliusis erTgvarovani da<br />
erTsaxovani ar gamosaxavs RvTaebrivis maradigiveobrivis,<br />
ucvalebadsa da ukvdav bunebas.<br />
masSi rogorc amas Cveni brwyinvale mTargmneli da komentatori<br />
baCana bregvaZe aRniSnavs igive azri devs, rac<br />
eklesiastes cnobil sityvebSi:<br />
eklesiaste, I, 9-10; `raO yofili, igive yofadi, da raO<br />
qmnadi, igive qmnuli, da ara raO ars axal mzesa queSe~<br />
ekl. 1; 2; 14; 2;<br />
sainteresoa, rom Tomas mani 16 aseTive garegnul msgavsebas<br />
poulobs dostoevskisa da nicSes teqstebSi. _ msgavseba,<br />
romelic sul sapirispiro sazriss imarxaven; Tumca es umjobesia,<br />
Tavad <strong>genialuri</strong> mwerlisa da moazrovnis brwyinvale<br />
komentirebiT movisminoT:<br />
`Вероятно, его (igulisxmeba nicSe J.s.) теория `вечного<br />
круговорота~, которой он придавал столь всеобъемлющее<br />
значение, порождена эйфорией, едва ли на нее распространялся<br />
постоянный интеллектуальный контроль, да и к тому же<br />
она, видимо, не плод его собственного творчества, а некая<br />
литературная реминисценция. Мережковский указывал, что<br />
идея `сверхчеловека~ уже встречается у Достоевского, в речах<br />
упомянутого выше эпилептика Кириллова из `Бесов~. `Тогда<br />
новая жизнь, тогда новый человек, _ говорит у Достоевского<br />
этот провидец-нигилист, _ все новое... Тогда историю будут<br />
делить на две части: от гориллы до уничтожения бога, и от<br />
уничтожения бога до перемены земли и человека физически~,<br />
то есть до появления человекобога, сверхчеловека. Однако,<br />
как мне кажется, здесь осталось неотмеченным то, что у<br />
Достоевского встречается и идея вечного круговорота, а именно<br />
в `Карамазовых~ в разговоре Ивана с чертом. `Да ведь ты<br />
думаешь все про нашу теперешнюю землю! Да ведь теперешняя<br />
земля может, сама-то биллион раз повторялась; ну, отживала,<br />
леденела, трескалась, рассыпалась, разлагалась на составные<br />
начала, опять, вода, яже бе над твердию, потом опять комета,<br />
опять солнце, опять из солнца земля _ ведь это развитие, может,<br />
уже бесконечно раз повторяется, и все в одном и том же виде, до<br />
черточки. Скучища неприличнейшая...~ Достоевский _ устами<br />
черта _ называет `скучищей неприличнейшей~ то, что Ницше<br />
утверждает дионийским благословением, восклицая: `Ибо люблю<br />
тебя, о вечность~. Но мысль у него _ та же, и если в случае со<br />
сверхчеловеком я предполагаю конгениальность братьев по духу,<br />
то `вечный круговорот~ я склонен рассматривать как результат<br />
чтения, как неосознанное, эйфорически окрашенное воспоминание<br />
о Достоевском~. Т. Манн. `собр. сочинений~, т. X, стр. 336.<br />
da bolos gavixseneb kamil flamarionis parafsiqologiur<br />
movlenebze gamokvle vis Sedegs, oTx Tezisad rom iqna warmodgenili<br />
da aRiarebuli, rogorc ukanaskneli mecnieruli<br />
kvlevis udidesi movlena, romlis meoTxe Tezisi ganmartavs:<br />
`momavali mzaddeba warsuliT da suls aqvs winaswarmetyvelebis<br />
unari~. kamil flamarioni. 1979 saaRdgomo epistole.<br />
ilia II. gv. 20.<br />
10. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
10. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
hamleti _ Tavisi mamis gasisxlianebuli gvamis iqiT...~<br />
J. siraZe, gv.7. `hamleti niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~<br />
<strong>Seqspiri</strong>s dramaSi daniis princi _ hamleti, winaswar<br />
eWvobs da sevdianobs, rom mama moukles, vidre Tavad _<br />
mamis suli ar ganucxadebs, rom misma Zmam, hamletis biZam<br />
igi mokla.<br />
158 159
mama mokvda _ <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s dramaSi, rogorc <strong>genialuri</strong><br />
Semoqmedis qmnilebaSi yvela siRrmiseuli Sreebi aisaxa.<br />
jer erTi, mama warmoadgens im diad idumalebas, RvTaebrivis<br />
pirvelsaxes rom gagvimJRavnebs bavSvobisas. misi yvela Jesti,<br />
gamoxedvaa, yoveli azri Tu fiqri, aris RvTaebrivis uidumales<br />
samyarodan modenili namcvrevi, romelSic RvTaebrivis<br />
cisierobas vgrZnobT da misiT vimosebiT. magram amav dros,<br />
mama aris kavSiri miwasTan da dabrkoleba, raTa moviZioT sakuTari<br />
Tavi, sakuTari `transcendaluri `me~, romelic casTan<br />
dagvakavSirebs da Cvens sulier saxlSi dagvabrunebs.<br />
mama mokvda, _ iseT adamianTan, rogorc es hamletia,<br />
es samyaros mTliani `waSlaa~, anu xilvaa im ufskrulisa,<br />
romelSic araravdeba yoveli sagani _ ganimqvreba mzis<br />
kaSkaSa sinaTle, da am udabnoSi sulieri Tvalis winaSe<br />
is ixilavs idumal fesvebs, sadac mama-Svilis erTianobis<br />
misteria ganxorcieldeba da samyaros Tavzardamcem dinebas<br />
gagvimJRavnebs.<br />
mamasTan kavSiri enigmuria, radgan masTan Cven RvTaebrivi<br />
wveniT varT SeduRabebulni, Tumca Cveni Tavisufali neba imad<br />
aqcevs am kavSirs, rogoradac Cven es `gvesurveba~.<br />
mas SeuZlia is iseve daamcros da daakninos, rogorc es<br />
oidiposis kompleqsisa da darvinis Teoriis gaerTianebis<br />
meoxebiT moxda _ XIX-XX saukuneebSi. mamasTan kavSiri _ es<br />
RvTaebrivi wveni, _ xan cxovelis bneli instinqtia _ razedac<br />
lorensi 17 ase wers: `qals misi sisxlis bneli siRrmiT<br />
vicnobT _ Caswvde mas gonebiT igivea, rac mokla is~. xan ki<br />
is RvTaebrivi ambroziaa _ RvTaebriobis umaRlesi siTxea,<br />
romelSic varskvlavebis uSoreulesi naTebac ki gvewodeba<br />
da guls is idumali sixaruli CagveRvreba, romliTac icnoba<br />
igavmiuwvdomel erTSi harmoniiTa da sixaruliani JrJolviT<br />
Sekrul saganTa rigi.<br />
mamis gasisxlianebuli gvami _ aris fanjara, saidanac<br />
moCans, rom kacobriobis harmonias bzari gauCnda da rom mas<br />
SeiZleba boroteba warmarTavs.<br />
1<strong>1.</strong> Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`boroti kaci daniaSic boroti aris~<br />
<strong>uiliam</strong> <strong>Seqspiri</strong> `hamleti~<br />
jer kidev konstantine gamsaxurdia maCabelis mier Seq s piris<br />
piesaSi `hamletSi~ gaparuli uzusto Targmanis Sesaxeb<br />
werda, upirvelesad miuTiTebda Cems mier citirebul frazaze.<br />
kerZod:<br />
`boroti kaci daniaSic boroti aris~.<br />
<strong>uiliam</strong> <strong>Seqspiri</strong> `hamleti~<br />
ai, ras wers konstantine gamsaxurdia:<br />
– `aseTive defeqtia amgvarive stereotipuli Tqmis gadmoqarTulebaSi:<br />
Lhere’s n’eer a villain dwelling in all Denmark,<br />
But he’s an arrant knave~.<br />
da, is ase `azustebs~ maCabeliseul Targmans:<br />
– `mTel daniaSi ver ipoviT erT aramzadas, rom is<br />
gaqnili ar iyos Tavad~.<br />
me aq minda is vTqva, rom xSirad mTargmnelis teqsti<br />
ufro zustia, vidre Tavad teqsti. rogor SeiZleba am paradoqsaluri<br />
mdgomareobis gageba? ubralod, mTargmneli gaam-<br />
JRavnebs teqstis farul SreSi Securebul teqsts, amitomac<br />
kargi mTargmneli erTgvarad xdeba avtoris Alter ego, romelic<br />
uzustess interpretacias iZleva.<br />
aseTi gasaocari interpretatoria maCabeli <strong>Seqspiri</strong>sa am<br />
SemTxvevaSi. da me uneburad maxsendeba pol galeris erTi<br />
azri, romelic iribul asociacias Tu aRZravs CvenSi:<br />
– `Cveni mowafeebi da mimdevrebi aTaswil ufro mets<br />
gvaswavlidnen, vidre Cveni maswavleblebi, sikvdili, rom<br />
gvaclides maTi qmnilebebis xilvas~. xilvas~<br />
p. valeri `azrebi~. 75 gv.<br />
12. gv. 8. poloniusi _ u. <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s tragediis `hamletis~<br />
personaJi<br />
160 161
13. gv. 10. mociquli petre. (svimeoni) – petre mociqulma<br />
dagvitova ori epistole, romlebic axali aRTqmis wignebSia<br />
CarTuli, petres mowafis, markozis saxarebac mis mier mier<br />
aris mowodebuli da nakurTxi.<br />
uflis saTnomyofelni – petre da pavle TavianTi<br />
RvawliT imdenad gamoirCeodnen qristes mowafeebs Soris,<br />
rom eklesiam Tavni mociqulni uwoda wmidanebs da erT dRes<br />
daawesa maTi xseneba.<br />
`RvTiuri sibrZnis marTlamdidebluri enciklopedia~.<br />
Semdeg: g. kalandaZe.<br />
14. gv. 10. ofelia _ u. <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s tragediis `hamletis~<br />
personaJi<br />
15. aqilevsis qusli, berZ. aqilevsis erTaderTi susti adgili,<br />
saidanac SeiZleboda misi sxeulis dazianeba. gadataniTi<br />
mniSvnelobiT aqilevsis qusli niSnavs pirovnebis, moZRvrebis,<br />
ama Tu im saqmis sust wertils, sust mxares.<br />
`miTologiuri leqsikoni~. Seadgina n. gafrindaSvilma<br />
16. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`zogierTi kritikosi aqilevsis quslad miiCnevs hamletis<br />
umoqmedobas, magram aq daviwyebulia, rom yoveli diadi suli<br />
umoqmedobiT aris daRdasmuli, radgan is RvTaebriobis pirmSoa,<br />
da yoveli qmedeba mas TavisTavs, Tavis RvTaebriobas<br />
ganaSorebs~.<br />
J. siraZe. `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~, gv. 12.<br />
garegnuli TvalisTvis hamleti da sulier gzaze mavali<br />
kaci umoqmedoa. amas bevri mizezi ganapirobebs. erTi da<br />
gamorCeuli mizezi ki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mas yvela sagani<br />
erTnairad uyvars da amitomac ar SeuZlia borotebis Cadena.<br />
maSasadame, im wuTisofelSi, sadac boroteba wesisa da kanonis<br />
Tanamdevia, mas ar SeuZlia monawileobis miReba. hamlets,<br />
<strong>Seqspiri</strong>s dramis personaJs, isic ki ar SeuZlia daijeros,<br />
rom boroteba arsebobs.<br />
misi umoqmedobis mizezi aris RvTaebriobamde asuli misi<br />
TanagrZnoba yvela sulierisadmi, – da ara goeTes 18 sayovel-<br />
Taod cnobili mosazreba, rom hamleti metismetad susti<br />
arsebaa da man rogorc nazma mcenarem, ver gauZlo im garemos,<br />
romelSic moxvda.<br />
da mainc, CvenTvis, qarTvelTaTvis upirvelesi asociaciaa<br />
vaJa-fSavelas gmiri – mindiaa. yvelasTvis cnobilia am poemis<br />
Sinaarsi: qajebi Seipyroben mindias da isic sasowarkveTili<br />
amjobinebs Tavi moiklas, vidre qajebTan icxovros. am mizniT<br />
is qajebis kerZs, gvelis kerZs SeWams.<br />
magram mindia xelaxla ibadeba, sulieri Tvali aexileba<br />
da bunebis saidumlo enas eziareba. amis gamo, misTvis SeuZlebeli<br />
gaxdeba TviT xis moWrac ki, radgan mas misi Civili<br />
Caesmis; arc nadiris mokvla ZaluZs. isev im mizeziT, rom<br />
maTi kvnesa-godeba Caesmis da amis gamo guli uwuxs.<br />
hamletis darad, mindias umoqmedobis mizezi RvTaebriv<br />
simaRlemde asuli ganurCeveli TanagrZnobaa yvela sulierisadmi.<br />
vidre, mindia bunebis enas aris gandobili, is umoqmedoa,<br />
da Tavis ojaxisTvis verc verafers akeTebs, magram samagierod<br />
mas SeuZlia yvelaferi Seicnos, SeigrZnos is RvTaebrivi<br />
netareba da siyvaruli, riTac iwvian umaRles safexurze<br />
myofi serafimebi uflis pirisaxis Wvretisas.<br />
magram, radgan mindias ojaxi aqvs da saero cxovrebaSi<br />
misTvis aucilebeli gaxdeba moqmedeba, mas bunebis saidumlo<br />
ena waerTmeva – da es aris is sasjeli, sulieri kacisTvis,<br />
romelic wuTisoflis wess misdevs.<br />
magram Semoqmed adamianTa `umoqmedobis~ iqiT, imaleba<br />
sa ocari SemoqmedebiTunarianoba. es garegnuli Tvali xedavs<br />
162 163
mas umoqmedod. me aq moviyvan mwed r. Staineris Txzulebidan<br />
fragments:<br />
– `sulier samyaroSi ar aris simSvide. erT adgilze<br />
gaCereba. rogorc es xdeba fizikur samyaroSi. – amis mixedviT<br />
ar unda davaskvnaT, TiTqos sulier samyaroSi batonobs<br />
Seuwyveteli moZraoba. iq, sadac arian pirvelxatebi, Semoq-<br />
medi arsebebi. marTlacda ar aris `erT adgilze SeCereba~, SeCereba~<br />
magram aq aris sxvagvari simSvide., sulieri xasiaTisa, romelic<br />
erwymis qmediT moZraobas. igi SeiZleba SevadaroT<br />
sulis mSvid kmayofilebas da netarebas, romelic iSvis moqmedebaSi<br />
da ara umoqmedobaSi~.<br />
r. Staineri. 104 gv.<br />
17. st. malarme _ didi frangi poeti. mimdinareoba simbolizmis<br />
sulisCamdgmeli da Teoretikosi. udidesi zegavlena<br />
moaxdina <strong>genialuri</strong> moazrovnisa da poetis pol valeris<br />
Semoqmedebaze.<br />
18. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`xelovani, vidre Tavisi qmnilebiTa da geniiT daifareba,<br />
vidre arcerTi grZnoba, arcerTi gaelvebuli fiqri ar<br />
qceula stilis, am `mkvdari~ da gawonasworebuli gonebis<br />
pirmSod~.<br />
J. siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~, gv. 12.<br />
am fraziT winaaRmdegobaSi movdivar sakuTar naazrevTan,<br />
sakuTar Tavsve vewinaaRmdegebi radgan, Tu Cemi teqsti iziarebs<br />
da iRebs, rom biufonis19 fraza:<br />
_ stili _ es TviT adamiania.<br />
niSnavs, rom stili es sulismieri nafexurebiT gaxazuli<br />
naWdevia _ is, riTac adamianis igavmiuwvdomeli, unikaluri<br />
erTaderToba iwvdomeba. stili is gasaRebia, riTac RmerTi<br />
sulismier mdinareSi Cagdebis unariT ajildovebs adamians.<br />
am gasaRebiT niSani gveZleva, rom adamiani TavisTavs aRemateba<br />
da is ukve uxilavi samyaros sunTqvas midevnebuli,<br />
meore dabadebis misteriiT dajildovebuli, RvTiuri TvaliT<br />
dahyurebs samyaros, sagnebs, adamianebs. faqtiurad, aranairi<br />
mniSvneloba ara aqvs _ ra Sinaarss, an ra siuJets irCevs is.<br />
`distancia~, riTac SesaZloa Cven SeviZloT saganTa Wvreta,<br />
es stilis, am sulismieri mdinaris gasaRebSia moqceuli.<br />
modiT gavimeoroT es fraza:<br />
`_ arcerTi grZnoba, arcerTi gaelvebuli fiqri ar<br />
qceula stilis, am `mkvdari~ da gaswonasworebuli gonebis<br />
pirmSod~<br />
mkiTxvels SeiZleba mcdari azri daebados, rom es fraza<br />
TanamedroveTa definiciaTa erTgvari ilustrirebaa. kerZod,<br />
ortega-i-gasetis frazisa:<br />
_ `cocxali formebisagan Tavis daRwevis tendencia~.<br />
ortega-i-gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~, 25 gv.<br />
anu, rom TiTqosda yoveli stili sxva araferia, Tu ara<br />
uneburi kopireba bunebis romelime cocxali formisa, anu<br />
TiTqosda stilis iqiT ixazeba cxovelis brma instinqts<br />
midevnebulis kvali, romelic brmad, maSasadame, ugonod qmnis<br />
qmnilebebs, riTac is iseTive `bunags~ Seiqmnis, rogorsac<br />
bunebis ganurCevlad yoveli cocxali arseba.<br />
magram, aq saubaria hamletze, romelic arasodes iqceva<br />
arc xelovnad, arc RmerTad. da rac mTavaria, is aris arseba,<br />
romelic arasodes moeqceva erTi sistemis yalibSi.<br />
me ufro hamletis enigmurobis dasadastureblad damWirda<br />
erTis SexedviT, am arazusti azris moxmoba: me Sevecdebi,<br />
sul sxva Temaze gadavitano es saubari da am gziT am arazusti<br />
azris mniSvneloba avxsna. amboben, rom wminda mamebi<br />
tirian, roca maT gansacdeli ar SeemTxvevaT. sulier gzaze<br />
mavalTaTvis, cnobilia, rom suli roca garkveul simaRles<br />
aRwevs, _ misTvis Tanamdevia pativmoyvareoba, rasac gardauvalad<br />
mohyveba sulis gaxeveba da kvdoma.<br />
qriste mociqulebad irCevs ara im kacs, patiosnad, wesierad<br />
da meTodurad rom icavs marxvasa da wes-rituals.<br />
aramed, is irCevs cxovrebis dinebaSi, mis oromtrialSi<br />
164 165
moqceul adamianebs, romelsac sul axal-axali gansacdeli<br />
gamoscdis, suls Seurxevs da ar CaaZinebs.<br />
iqneb qristes TiTqmis SeuZleblad miaCnia, rom adamians<br />
am wuTisofelSi ZaluZs did simaRleze SeinarCunos Tavisi<br />
sulis simdable da wminda siyvaruli?<br />
es erTgvari iribuli asociaciaa raTa hamletis igivmiuwvdomel<br />
pirovnebas CavwvdeT.<br />
19. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`is vinc xelaxla meored ar daibada ciT~.<br />
J. siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~. gv. 13.<br />
es interpretaciaa axali aRTqmisa: `miugo iesom da uTxra<br />
mas: `WeSmaritad, WeSmaritad geubnebi Sen: vinc xelaxla ar<br />
iSoba, ver ixilavs RvTis sasufevels~. ioanes saxareba 3.3.<br />
r. Staineri20 ase aRwers, meored Sobili adamianis, anu<br />
sulieri adamianis gzis Sesaxeb: – `yoveli adamianisaTvis,<br />
visac surs umaRles Semecnebamde amaRldes es SesaZlebloba<br />
odesme sinamdviled iqceva. adamiani im zRvars aRwevs, rodesac<br />
suli mas sicocxlis yvela gamovlinebas ganucxadebs,<br />
viTarca sikvdils. imieridan igi ama soflad aRar imyofeba,<br />
igi ama soflis daRmarT qvesknelSi iZireba. aidSi – qvesknelSi<br />
mogzaurobs. RmerTi Seeweva, Tuki am mogzaurobisas ar<br />
daiRupeba. Tuki mas axali samyaro ganecxadeba. igi an am axal<br />
samyaroSi dainTqmeba, anda sakuTar Tavs gardasaxuli da<br />
fernacvali warmoudgeba. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi mas axali<br />
mze, axali dedamiwa moevlineba. sulieri cecxlidan misTvis<br />
mTeli samyaro aRorZindeba~. aRorZindeba r. Staineri `qristianoba, rogorc<br />
mistiuri faqti da uZvelesi misteriebi~, 21 gv.<br />
ai, ras wers meored Sobis Sesaxeb terenti graneli21 :<br />
– `qveynis gaCenidan nela mivdiodi sinaTlisaken, sinaTlisaken rom mex<br />
ila mze~. mze<br />
cxadia, aq terenti graneli saubrobs meored dabadebis<br />
Semdgom Sobil sulier, meore mzeze.<br />
amas gvidasturebs, ufro zusti iqneboda gveTqva gvim-<br />
JRavnebs misive fraza:<br />
– `mixaria, rom var terenti graneli~, graneli~ anu mas ukve<br />
Tavisi sulierad, meored dabadeba uxaria im ganuzomeli<br />
sixaruliT, rasac RvTaebrivTan Tanaziaroba iwvevs da<br />
TrTolviT agvavsebs.<br />
merab mamardaSvili ki ase werda:<br />
– `buneba ar qmnis adamianebs namdvilad. Cven mxolod<br />
meore dabadebisas vibadebiT. es dabadeba ki imyofeba im<br />
velSi, romelSic SesaZloa adamiani simbolos uerTdeba da<br />
im SeerTebis daZabulobisgan, anu Tavis Tavze Zalisxmevis<br />
Sedegad adamianSi adamiani ibadeba. dantem erT lamaz gamoTqmaSi<br />
Tqva, rom dabadebuls, rogorc aseTs suli ara aqvso~.<br />
m. mamardaSvili, `CaxSuli fiqri~.<br />
da iqve:<br />
– `ieso qriste SeiZleba aTiaTasjer dabadebuliyo, magram<br />
Tu is dRes SenSi ar daibada, Sen daiRupebi~.<br />
m. mamardaSvili, `daxSuli fiqri~.<br />
amiT mamardaSvili isev Segvaxsenebs, rogorc maister<br />
ekharti da sxva moazrovneebi rom ieso qristes gancda mxolod<br />
meored dabadebis Tanmyolia.<br />
Tumca maister ekhartis22 es sityvebi gaasrulebs meored<br />
dabadebis misteriis Sinaarss:<br />
_ `Бог создает мир теперь точно так же, как он делает это в<br />
первый день сотворения мира, в этом-то, как раз, и заключается<br />
его богатство~.<br />
`Это Мейстер Экхарт, от которого бог никогда ничего не<br />
скрывал~.<br />
20. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
CemTvis ki ar Cans, igi aris, anu hamleti ambobs:<br />
_ sagnebi ki ar Canan, isini myofoben.<br />
anu, isini absolutur WeSmaritebas gvTavazoben mis sam-<br />
166 167
yaroSi. da ar arsebobs manZili massa da sxva sagnebs Soris,<br />
radgan isini mis sulSi myofoben. amiT xelovanSi moZravi<br />
`wmindanis~ gzas vgumanobT, romelic mzis sxiviT gadakveTavs<br />
universums~.<br />
J. siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~<br />
gv.13.<br />
me moviyvan paralelis saxiT fragments marsel prustis,<br />
esse-idan `wignis kiTxva~. am fragmentiT cxadi xdeba, rom<br />
goneba ki ar miuZRveba xelovans, aramed mas igavmiuwvdomeli,<br />
RvTaebrivi, meore, sulieri mze unaTebs gzas.<br />
_ `goneba ara marto uZluria amgvari gacocxlebisas,<br />
aramed ufro metic, warsulis wuTebi swored im sagnebSia.<br />
SeyuJuli, romlebSic gonebas sulac ar ucdia maTi gansaxiereba.<br />
sagnebSi romelTa meSveobiT Segnebulad gicdiaT<br />
urTierTobis damyareba Tqvens mier gancdil wuTebTan, goneba<br />
TavSesafars ver hpovebda. metic _ Tu rame SesZlebs am<br />
wuTebis gacocxlebas, maSin am ramesTan erTad gacocxlebulni,<br />
isini poeziisgan daclilni warmogvidgebian~<br />
marsel prusti: `wignis kiTxva~ mTargm. s. bendiaSvili<br />
da n. qajaia. 7-8 gv.<br />
da aqve moviyvan meore magaliTs:<br />
`am warsulis gverdiT, romelic Cvenive Sinagani arsia,<br />
gonebis WeSmaritebani TiTqos nakleb realuria. gana ar veswrafiT<br />
yovelive imas, rasac SeuZlia warsulis aRdgenaSi<br />
dagvexmaros? gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca Zala gveleva. nu<br />
gagvigeben Wkviani adamianebi, romlebmac ar ician, rom xelovani<br />
martosulia, rom sagnebis absolutur RirebulebaTa<br />
sazoms mxolod sakuTar TavSi hpovebs~<br />
marsel prusti, `wignis kiTxva~. mTargmn. s. bendiaSvili<br />
da n. qajaia. 12 gv.<br />
2<strong>1.</strong> Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`misi bageebiT mRviZare RmerTi metyvelebs~<br />
J. siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~, gv. 15.<br />
amiT, imis xazgasma mindoda, rom es mRviZare RmerTi yvela<br />
sulismier adamianSi metyvelebs da amis dasturia, rom maTi<br />
teqstebi xandaxan sruli identobiT gveZleva.<br />
amis saukeTeso nimuSia RvTaebrivi platonis teqstSi Jamierobidan<br />
gamoxmobili axali aRTqmis fragmenti _ dedamiwis<br />
istoriul droSi ufro mogvianebiT, rom daiwereba.<br />
am paralelze baCana bregvaZem, ukve migvaniSna Tavis<br />
S esaniSnav komentarebSi da mas mohyavs platonis `fedoni~dan<br />
es fragmenti:<br />
`misteriaTa gamrigeni gveubnebian:<br />
mravalni arian Cinebul, xolo mciredni rCeul~.<br />
baCana bregvaZe paralels avlebs axali aRTqmis teqstTan.<br />
cxadia, axali aRTqmis mcodneTaTvis ar aris Zneli Sesaxsenebeli,<br />
rom es sityvebi ieso qristes ekuTvnis:<br />
`mravalni arian Cinebul, xolo mciredni rCeul~. maTe<br />
20;16;<br />
paralelis gavleba, ki mainc Zalian Znelia.<br />
Znelia da SiSismomgvreli im Jamierobis xilvaa, romelSic<br />
vWvretT frazebs, rogorc erTdaigive mdinarebis ganmeorebad<br />
fragmentebs.<br />
da roca monteni 23 ciceronis 24 frazaTa analogiiT warsdgeba<br />
Cvens winaSe, paskalTan ki montenis azrovnebis nimuSebi<br />
gagvaxsendeba, is ki ar unda vifiqroT, rogorc amas<br />
qrestomaTiis Semqmnelni fiqroben, rom viTomcda monteni<br />
ciceronis zegavlenas gani cdis, an paskali montenis. ara _<br />
igavmiuwvdomel mdinareSi isini erTmaneTs xvdebian, esaubrebian<br />
da am saubrisas, isini cxadia, erTdaigive samyaros<br />
aRmwerni erTdaigive fraziTac ki mogvmarTaven.<br />
qrestomaTiul gamokvlevebSi daweren, rom beThoveni<br />
pirvel da meore simfoniaSi ganicdis mocartis zegavlenas,<br />
magram es garegnuli Tvalis mier iwereba, sinamdvileSi ki<br />
beThoveni 25 , is vinc agrZelebs JamierobaSi svlas, isev atarebs<br />
warsulis motivebs da cdilobs axali musika Seqmnas,<br />
raTa isev da isev xelaxla daibados.<br />
168 169
22. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`da is amiT upirispirdeba yalb sazogadoebas, mkvdar<br />
da CaZinebul adamianebs TavianTi xelovnuri TamaSiT, mravali<br />
saxeebiT da niRbebiT, rom cdiloben imitacia gaukeTon<br />
sinamdviles~<br />
J. siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~, gv. 15.<br />
amiT, is iTqmis, razedac laroSfuko26 lapidaruli fraziT,<br />
daxvewili maqsimiT, _ zust monaxazs ukeTebs sazogadoebis<br />
arss.<br />
`sazogadoeba es niRabia~.<br />
laroSfuko `maqsimebi~ Targmani baCana bregvaZisa.<br />
rac, im tragikul sinamdvileze migvaniSnebs, rom adamianTa<br />
umravlesoba ubralod ar arsebobs. isini mxolod imitacias<br />
ukeTeben sinamdviles. es niRabia, es yalbi maerTia da is<br />
meqanizmia, riTac siyalbe, _ sulierobis niRbiT, angarebis<br />
angariSiT moqmedebs. misi mTavari mamoZravia nebismieri cTomaa,<br />
romlis ukan dgas misi warmarTveli _ sikvdilis SiSi, SiSi maS<br />
ase, sikvdilis SiSia wammarTveli, xolo misi qvemdebarea _<br />
vneba, Suri, sibraze,... sibraze ase TamaSoben sxeulis monebi suli-<br />
erebas. isini niRbis SemweobiT axerxeben iyvnen keTilSobilni,<br />
gulovanni, samarTlianni, qvelmoqmedni, magram sinamdvileSi<br />
maTi mamoZravi sikvdilis SiSia, _ is demoni, rac adamianTa<br />
CaZinebul masebs amoZravebs da aiZulebs samyaroSi, raRac<br />
moimoqmedon _ da imitaciiT aRasrulon TavianTi saqme.<br />
yvelaze Tavzardamcemi ki albaT is aris, rom sazogadoebaSi<br />
yvelaze yalbi adamiani ufro dafasebulia da ufro<br />
metic mas WeSmaritebis gansaxebad miiCneven. maSin, roca is<br />
adamiani vinc, marTlac gamoxatavs WeSmaritebas _ uaryo-<br />
filia da ignorirebuli.<br />
_ laroSfuko ase wers:<br />
_ 166 `maRal sazogadoebaSi moCvenebiT Rirsebas ufro<br />
afaseben, vidre WeSmarits~.<br />
laroSfuko `maqsimebi~. gv. 2<strong>1.</strong><br />
axali aRTqmis teqstSi, uamravi damowmeba xdeba imis Sesaxeb,<br />
rom wuTisofeli ver iRebs namdvil, sulier adamians _<br />
da mas brZoliT, siZulviliT ciliswamebiT epasuxeba.<br />
ai, ra weria axali aRTqmis teqstSi:<br />
_ `Tu Tqven wuTisofels sZulxarT, icodeT, rom Tqvenze<br />
uwin me SemiZula~. ioane, 16. 18.<br />
Tqven rom wuTisoflisani yofiliyaviT, wuTisofels eyvareboda<br />
Tavisiani. da raki ar xarT wuTisoflisani, aramed me<br />
gamogarCieT wuTisoflidan, amitom sZulxarT wuTisofels~.<br />
ioane, 16. 19.<br />
hamleti, <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s dramaSi, _ rogorc sazogadod maRali<br />
sulierobis adamiani, yovelTvis devnilia, yovelTvis gandgomilia<br />
da mouwyobelia am wuTisofelSi.<br />
ai, axali aRTqmis teqstSi, ra weria amis Sesaxeb:<br />
_ iesom uTxra mas: `meliebs soroebi aqvT da cis frinvelT<br />
_ budeebi. kacis Zes ki ara aqvs Tavis mosadreki~<br />
luka. 10. 58.<br />
es iseT adamianze iTqmis, vinc sulier gzas misdevs.<br />
hamleti upirispirdeba yalb sazogadoebas, rogorc Tavis<br />
mxriv, yalbi sazogadoeba, _ verasodes Seegueba im adamians,<br />
romelmac gabeda iyos namdvili, WeSmariti, anu WeSmaritebis<br />
ganmcxadebeli, radgan is aris maTi niRbis gamSiSvlebeli.<br />
Tumca Teofilaqte bulgareli 27 maTes saxarebis komentarebSi<br />
iesos am sityvebs aseT ganmartebas daurTavs:<br />
8.19. da mouxda mas erTi mwignobari da hrqua: moZRuar,<br />
migdevde Sen, vidreca xBdodi<br />
8.20. hrqua mas ieso: melTa kureli uCs da mfrinvelTa<br />
cisaTa sayofeli. xolo Zesa kacisasa ara aqvs, sada Tavi<br />
moidrikos.<br />
19-20 `mwignobrebs~ sjulis wignebis mcodneT uwodebs.<br />
am mwignobarma, roca mravali saswauli ixila, ifiqra, rom<br />
ieso maTgan Semosavals iRebda, amitom Seecada gahyoloda<br />
raTa Tavadac Seegrovebina simdidre. magram ieso ganzraxvas<br />
170 171
miuxvda da TiTqmis es uTxra: `Cemi gamoyoliT Sen qonebis<br />
Sovnas fiqrob, magram nuTu vera xedav, rom me saxlic ki ara<br />
maqvs? aseve unda cxovrobdes isic, vinc me gamomyveba~. ufalma<br />
es mis dasarwmuneblad Tqva, raTa ganwyobileba Secvloda da<br />
gahyoloda, magram mwignobari mas gaSorda, zogi `melsa~ da<br />
`frinvelebSi~ demonebs gulisxmobs. e.i. ufali mwignobars<br />
eubneba: radganac SenTan demonebi mkvidroben, amitom Sens<br />
sulSi me Cems gansasvenebel adgils ver vxedavo~.<br />
netari Teofilaqte bulgareli `maTes saxarebis ganmarteba~,<br />
67 gv.<br />
arsebobs uamravi klasikuri Sedevri, sadac gmiri upirispirdeba<br />
sazogadoebas.<br />
lev tolstois28 `ana karenina~ amis saukeTeso nimuSs<br />
gvTavazobs. CaZinebuli, yalbi sazogadoeba meTodurad, da wesis<br />
dacviT mruSobs. maSin, roca ana kareninas didi, wrfeli<br />
siyvaruli sazogadoebis gansjisa da risxvis sababi xdeba.<br />
gamorCeviT, SeiZleba visaubroT `daTa TuTaSxiaze~<br />
`wess gamonaklisic unda hqondes~<br />
W. amirejibi29 `daTa TuTaSxia~<br />
am lapidarul fraziT is iTqmis, rom daTa TuTaSxia<br />
amovardnilia _ wuTisoflis wesidan, kanonzomierebebidan<br />
_ maSasadame, _ am yalbi, usulo adamianebisagan gansxvavebulia.<br />
nawarmoebSi, _ es yalbi sazogadoeba virTagvebiT savse<br />
kasrTan asocirdeba, es kasris meqanizmi ki imarTeba sikvdilis<br />
SiSiT SiSiT, _ rac is simxdalea, _ yalbi simamacis niRbiT, niRbiT rom<br />
moRvaweobs cxovrebaSi.<br />
23. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`meSCani arasodes aReldeba im sagnebiT, rac mis piraduls<br />
ar Seexeba. meSCanis piraduli ki mxolod Zalmomred aris<br />
dakavSirebuli samyarosTan~.<br />
J. siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~,<br />
gv.16.<br />
meSCani Zalmomred aris dakavSirebuli samyarosTan. _ si-<br />
tyva _ sityviT es niSnavs, rom maT yvelas sikvdilis SiSi<br />
mierekeba. swored, sikvdilis Tavzardamcemi SiSi akeTebinebs<br />
meSCans yvelafers, _ axali aRTqmis eniT mas ori saxeli<br />
aqvs, _ fariseveli da mwignobari.<br />
me moviyvan lukas saxarebidan sam fragments:<br />
_ `12. 43. vai, Tqven farisevelno, rom giyvarT pirvel<br />
adgilze jdoma sinagogebSi da mosalmebani moednebze!<br />
12. 44. vai Tqven, radgan xarT uCinari samarxebiviT, romlebzec<br />
adamianebi dadian da ar ki ician!~<br />
12. 46. ... `vai, Tqven rjulis mcodneno, rom ahkidebT<br />
adamianebs mZime tvirTs, TviTon ki im tvirTs TiTsac ki ar<br />
akarebT~<br />
`lukas saxareba~<br />
meSCani garegnulad yovelTvis mowesrigebulia, _ da misi<br />
saqcielic uzadod gamoiyureba, _ magram sinamdvileSi, _<br />
misi tvirTi uwonadoa, _ radgan misi yoveli saqme imarTeba<br />
_ sikvdilis SiSisgan.<br />
jer kidev platoni `fedonSi~ werda:<br />
_ `... filosofosTa gamoklebiT, yvela sxva kacis simamace<br />
SiSisgan iRebs dasabams, Tumca sisulele kia, simamacis<br />
saTaved SiSi da simxdale miaCndes kacs~<br />
platoni `fedoni~ 24 gv.<br />
da Tumca platoni TiTqosda odnavi gaocebiT wers:<br />
`Tumca sisulele kia _ simamacis saTaved SiSi da simxdale<br />
miaCndes kacs~<br />
Tumca kargad icis, rom swored es sisulele _ sikvdilis<br />
SiSi igive mdabali, cxoveluri simxdale, mierekeba adamianTa<br />
umravlesobas, Tavisi saqmis aRsasruleblad.<br />
am umravlesobas hqvia Tanamedrove samyaroSi meSCani. _<br />
magram modiT, gavixsenoT, RvTaebrivi filosofosis platonis<br />
fragmenti ukvdavi `fedonidan~:<br />
_ `gana maTi TavdaWerilobac TavaSvebulobisgan ar warmosdgeba?<br />
Cven vambobT, rom es SeuZlebelia, magram swored<br />
TavaSvebulobaSi Zevs maTi fuWi TavdaWerilobis saTave,<br />
172 173
marTlac, erTi siamovnebisgan mxolod imitom ikaveben Tavs,<br />
rom SiSoben ar dahkarnon meore, romelsac ase etrfian da<br />
emonebian da Tumca vnebaTagan Zleuls TavaSvebuls uwodeben<br />
isini, TviTon mxolod imitom iurveben erT vnebas, raTa<br />
savsebiT minebdnen meores, romelic Tavis nebaze aTamaSebs<br />
maT. es ki mxolod imas mowmobs, rom maTi TavdaWeriloba<br />
TavaSvebulobisgan iRebs dasabams~.<br />
platoni `fedoni~ 25 gv.<br />
platonis azrs iziarebs laroSfuko Tavis maqsimebSi, misi<br />
xelmZRvanelobiT zustad Tvals gavadevnebT erTi saxeobis<br />
vnebis iqiT dafaruli sxva vnebis moZraobis kvals da mis<br />
saxelsac davadgenT.<br />
ai, ras wers laroSfuko:<br />
_ `rasac Cven siqveles vuwodebT, xSirad sxva ara aris ra,<br />
Tu ara sxvadasxva saqcielisa da sxvadasxva angarebis erToblioba,<br />
bedisweriTa Tu Cvenive cbierebiT erTad Serwymuli<br />
da mowesrigebuli. amitom roca qalebi umankoni arian, xolo<br />
kacebi _ mamacni, yovelTvis rodi SegviZlia vamtkicoT, rom<br />
maTTvis marTlac niSneulia umankoeba da simamace~.<br />
laroSfuko. `maqsimebi~. gv. 5 Targm. baCana bregvaZe.<br />
an, sxvagan is wers:<br />
10 `adamianis gulSi vnebebi gamudmebiT cvlian erTmaneTs<br />
da erTis Caferfvla TiTqmis yovelTvis meoris aRgznebas<br />
moaswavebs~<br />
laroSfuko `maqsimebi~ 6 gv. Targm. baCana bregvaZe.<br />
11 an, `Cveni vnebebi, xSir SemTxvevaSi maTi sapirispiro<br />
vnebebis wyarod gvevlinebian: siZunwe zogjer mflangvelobis<br />
saTavea, xolo mflangveloba _ siZunwis; kaci xSirad simxdalis<br />
gamoa mamaci da simamacis gamoa mxdali~.<br />
laroSfuko `maqsimebi~ 6 gv.<br />
magram Tu gvinda meSCanis sapirispiro gza SemovxazoT,<br />
SegviZlia isev platonis `fedonidan~ vixelmZRvaneloT:<br />
_ `... WeSmariti filosofosi sxeulisTvis ki ar iRwvis,<br />
piriqiT, SeZlebisamebr Tavs aridebs mas da sulisTvis iRwvis<br />
mxolod~.<br />
platoni `fedoni~ 13 gv.<br />
Cven SegviZlia WeSmariti filosofosis nacvlad sulier<br />
gzaze mavali adamiani CavsvaT, romelic yvelaze naklebad<br />
yuradRebas unda aqcevdes Tavis sxeuls.<br />
magram ra sasacilod JRers es sityvebi Tanamedrove samyaroSi,<br />
roca am sityvebs mTeli seriozulobiT warmovTqvamT.<br />
da ra amazrzenia is xarxari, romelic Cagvesmis, radgan Tanamedrove<br />
samyaros upirvelesi da ZiriTadi sazrisi sxeulia,<br />
xolo suli ki mxolod misi usargeblo danamati.<br />
`piraduli~ _ es orazrovani gamonaTqvamia, es dacinvaa<br />
udabless safexurze daSvebuli adamianis misamarTiT igi moqmedebs,<br />
rogorc cxoveli brmad da unebod, Tavis instinqts<br />
midevnebuli.<br />
24. gv. 16. laroSfuko (1613_1680) – frangi mwerali,<br />
moralisti, franguli klasikuri prozis didostati.<br />
25. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`is (igulisxmeba cxadia hamleti) iseTive giganturi da<br />
amoucnobi figuraa, rogorc egviptis qurumebi, romelTac<br />
xeldasmis Svidi safexuri hqondaT ganvlili~.<br />
J. siraZe `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~ 18 gv.<br />
vinmes SeiZleba Seusabamod da gazviadebulad moeCvenos<br />
Cemi Sedareba hamletisa egviptis qurumebTan, romelTac xeldasmis<br />
Svidi safexuri hqondaT ganvlili, miT ufro <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s<br />
piesidan cnobilia hamletis usazomo ryevebi, monologebi,<br />
sadac is `yofna-aryofnaze~ msjelobs – da sadac ielvebs<br />
SurisZiebis grZnoba, rac xeldasmulisTvis SeuZlebeli mdgomareobaa.<br />
da isic, kargad viciT, rom hamleti xeldasmis gzas<br />
sulac ar adgia.<br />
magram ra azriT momyavs aq es Sedareba?<br />
174 175
albaT, imisaTvis, raTa mkiTxvels vaCveno, Tu ra uCveulo<br />
da igavmiuwvdomeli fenomenia hamleti. da rom hamlets<br />
hqonda is cnobiereba, romelic aseT aRtacebasTan erTad,<br />
gaocebas da mowiwebas gvinergavs. magram raTa ufro mkveTrad<br />
vaCino am Sedarebis SesaZlebloba, me gavixseneb r. Staineris<br />
saubars Tavis meore mowafesTan, qristian TeologTan ritelmaierTan.<br />
ai, ras ixsenebs is:<br />
`erTxel saubrisas man (Stainerma) miTxra, rom misi<br />
mSoblebi RvTismosaobiT ar gamoirCeodnen da adre bavSvobaSi<br />
misTvis araferi uTqvamT qristes cxovrebaze. xolo<br />
mere, rodesac Tavad gaecno saxarebas, gaukvirda rom iq ise-<br />
Ti ram amoikiTxa, rac adre bavSvobaSi TviTon ganicada da<br />
mkafiod Seicno~.<br />
TviTon Staineri wers:<br />
sulismecnierebis enaze aseTi cnobiereba – wminda sofiis<br />
buneba, qalwulebrivi sibrZnis cxovreba xeldasmis<br />
iniciaciis mxolod meSvide safexurze miiRweva. (es is sulieri<br />
simaRlea, romelic dedamiwaze mxolod bodisatvas<br />
SeiZleba gaaCndes).<br />
r. Staineri `vardisa da jvris saidumloeba~, 12 gv<br />
26. gv. 18. d.h. lorensi – (1885_1930.) britaneli mwerali,<br />
poeti, romanisti, esseisti. avtori fsiqologiuri<br />
Janris wignisa `aracnobieris fantazia~. Tamar kotrikaZis<br />
saintereso esseidan me moviyvan erT amonarids: `lorensma<br />
Taviseburad gaiazra XII saukunis qristiani moazrovnis<br />
ioaqim florelis doqtrina istoriis sam sulier epoqad<br />
dayofis Sesaxeb. `mamam aRasrula Tavisi Jami, Zem aRasrula<br />
Tavisi Jami, axla suliwmindis Jami sufevs~ _ ganacxadebs<br />
lorensi. es ki gulisxmobs kacobiobris istoriis dayofas<br />
ioaqimiseul epoqebad: Zveli aRTqmis xana mama RmerTis xana<br />
iyo, axali aRTqmisa – Zis xana, xolo mesame, axali xana anu<br />
Tanamedroveoba `suliwmindis~ Jamia. anu Tanamedrove adamiani<br />
sakuTar qmedebebze pasuxs, pirvel rigSi sakuTari Tavis<br />
winaSe agebs. lorensiseuli `suliwminda~ is orientiria,<br />
romelic gvaniWebs Sinagan mTlianobas~. T. kotrikaZe<br />
morwmune adamianisTvis kacobiobris droTa dinebis ase-<br />
Ti xelovnuri dayofa yovlad miuRebelia. mama, Ze da suliwminda<br />
erTi, daucilebeli mTlianobaa. Tumca Tavad mkiTxvelisTvis<br />
mimindvia gasnajos lorensiis naazrevi.<br />
27. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
27. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`axalgazrda kaci SeZrwunebulia dedamisis sisxlis aRrevis<br />
gamo<br />
seqss aq axasiaTebs iseTi veluri da uCveulo SiSi, rogorc<br />
mas aqamde arasodes gaaCnda. fizikuri urTierTobis<br />
ubralo xsenebac ki, mas zaravs, TiTqos es arnaxuli naklia~.<br />
lorensi. gv. 18.<br />
roca teqstSi lorensis gamonaTqvams vakritikeb, SeiZleba<br />
vinmes moeCvenos, rom me erTmniSvnelovnad vuarvyof seqsis<br />
bunebas, radgan farisevlurad vakritikeb lorenss. magram es<br />
simarTles ar Seesabameba, me yovelTvis mabnevda es sakiTxi,<br />
_ magram yvelaze metad sagonebelSi maSin vvardebi, roca<br />
Rrmadmorwmune n. berdiaevis 30 am mosazrebebs vkiTxulob:<br />
`... Все почти трагедии в жизни связаны с полом и любовью.<br />
Всем известно, что с полом связана вся наша жизненность,<br />
что половое возбуждение носит характер экстатический и<br />
творческий~.<br />
Н. Бердяев, Новое религиозное сознание и общественность.<br />
стр. 159.<br />
saocaria, rom am teqsts uaRresad religiuri nikoloz<br />
berdiaevi wers:<br />
`Необходимо победить ложную стыдливость и лицемерное<br />
ханжество в вопросе о поле, иначе человечеству грозить гибель от<br />
подпольных тайнь пола, от внутренней анархiи и пола, прикрытой<br />
внешним над ним насилием~.<br />
Н. Бердяев, Новое религиозное сознание и общественность.<br />
стр. 159.<br />
176 177
da Semdeg is ukve akritikebs kidec qristianobis damokidebulebas<br />
seqsisadmi:<br />
`Христианство не преобразило пола, не одухотворило<br />
половой плоти, наобороть, оно окончательно сделало поль<br />
хаотическим, отправило его. Демонизм пола есть как бы обратная<br />
сторона христианского проклятия пола. Могущественная половая<br />
любовь была загнана внутрь, так как ей отказали в благословении,<br />
превратилась в болезненное томление, не покидающее нас и до<br />
сихпор. Аскетическое христианское учение допускаеть половую<br />
любовь, лишь как слабость греховной человеческой природы. Так<br />
и осталась половая любовь слабостью, стыдомь почти грязью.<br />
Трагическая христианская суеверия относительно пола живут<br />
еще, отравляют еще кровь нашу нестерпемымы дуализмом.<br />
Мы почти примирились с тем, что пол греховень, что радость<br />
половой любви нечистая радость что сладострастие _ грязно,<br />
и мы спокойно продолжаем грешить, предаваться нечистым<br />
радостям и грязному сладостратiю, так как намь-дe, слабым<br />
людям все равно не достигнуть идеала...<br />
... Слова Христа о поле и любви остались не понятны, не<br />
вмещены, и пол выпал из господствующего христианского<br />
сознания, сделался достоянием эзотерическихь учений.<br />
!!! Госпосдствубщее релизиозное сознание поставило<br />
проблему пола в зависимость от вульгарнаго дуализма духа и<br />
плоти, связало ее с греховностью плоти и это была не только<br />
моральная, но и метафизическая ошибка. Ведь плоть столь же<br />
метафизична и трансцендентна, как и дух, и плотская половая<br />
любовь имьееть транцендентно метафизическiе корни~.<br />
Н. Бердяев, Новое религиозное сознание и общественность.<br />
стр. 160.<br />
xSirad roca vasaxelebT avtors, ganuzomlad mets<br />
saTqmels vTavazobT mkiTxvels. nikoloz berdiaevis SemTxvevaSic<br />
asea:<br />
`В истории мировой философии я знаю только два великих<br />
учения о поле и любви. Учение Платона и Вл. Соловьева 31 . `Пирь~<br />
Платона и `Смысл `любви~ Вл. Соловьева~.<br />
Н. Бердяев, Новое религиозное сознание и общественность.<br />
стр. 16<strong>1.</strong><br />
lorensi metismetad TviTmyofadi da saintereso xelovani<br />
da moazrovnea. misi mosazrebebi Tavisi paradoqsalurobiT<br />
Tavzars gvcemen da gvafxizleben.<br />
me gamovarCevdi am gamoTqmas:<br />
_ `inglisis WeSmariti tragedia, Cemis azriT misi simaxinjea.<br />
mSvenieria misi buneba, adamianis mier Seqmnili inglisi<br />
ki _ sazareli~.<br />
`Sexvedra deivid lourensTan~ avtori da mTargmn: T.<br />
kotrikaZe. afra VI _ 98 w.<br />
an, me arsad wamikiTxavs, ufro gansacvifrebeli da zusti<br />
mosazreba qalis Sesaxeb, vidre lorensis es mosazreba:<br />
_ `qals sisxlis bneli siRrmiT vicnobT~ _ ambobs<br />
lourensi, _ `Caswvde mas gonebiT igivea, rac mokla is~. da<br />
lorensis xasiaTi, rom ufro gamovkveToT, ar SeiZleba es<br />
fraza ar moviyvanoT:<br />
_ `rom arasodes mivcem uflebas kacobriobas, raime<br />
momaxvios Tavs, aramed yovelTvis, vecdebi vaRiaro RmerTi<br />
da davemorCilo mas, rogorc CemSi, aseve sxva adamianebSi _<br />
qalebSic da kacebSic~.<br />
`Sexvedra deivid lourensTan~ avtori da mTargmn: T.<br />
kotrikaZe. afra VI - 98 w.<br />
magram roca lorensi hamletze wers, _ mas sruli uazroba<br />
da abda-ubda gamosdis, radgan, is im sferos Seexo, rac<br />
misTvis ase ucxoa da miuRebeli.<br />
erTgvarad komikur iers iZens lorensis naweri, roca<br />
hamletis enigmur pirovnebas `anatomiur~ aRweras ukeTebs.<br />
es `anatomiuroba~ cxadia pirobiTia, _ kerZod lorensis<br />
sityvebiT aRwerili seqsis veluroba da uCveulo SiSi<br />
maxasiaTebelia mxolod sulis dabal safexurze. _ magram<br />
hamleti xom maRal, mistiur safexurze asuli pirovnebaa,<br />
romelic faqtiurad gasulia miwieri samyarodan. Tumca<br />
178 179
<strong>Seqspiri</strong>s teqstSi xSirad es yovelTvis ase naTlad ara<br />
sCans, radgan Seqspirma am teqstSi Cado Rrma dumili da<br />
am igavmiuwvdomel teqstSi hamleti warmogvidgeba, rogorc<br />
kacobriobis srulyofili suli.<br />
magram, rogorc ukve aRvniSne <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s teqsti xSirad<br />
amas ewinaaRmdegeba, magram am SemTxvevaSi mTavaria is dumili,<br />
romelsac unda movusminoT, is, rac hamletis pirovnebas Tan<br />
sdevs.<br />
aq SeiZleba m. meterlinkis 32 sityvebi moviyvanoT:<br />
_ `все что может быть высказано, само по себе не имеет<br />
значения~.<br />
М. Метерлинк `Сокровище смиренных~, стр. 88.<br />
da roca me vambob, rom lorensi mxolod anatomiur aRweras<br />
ukeTebs hamletis enigmur pirovnebas amiT isic iTqmis,<br />
rom hamletis igavmiuwvdomel simaRles is oidiposis<br />
kompleqsSi gamoamwyvdevs da Seukeravs im tansacmels, rac<br />
hamletis pirovnebas ar miesadageba. dedasTan kavSiri da<br />
mamasTan kavSiri seqsualurobis es Ziri da fesvi, sruliad<br />
ganimqvreba da gardaisaxeba masTan RvTaebriv cecxlad da<br />
wminda siyvarulad.<br />
Tumca Cvens saukuneSi, roca sityva WeSmariteba saZulveli<br />
Seiqmna, roca wminda siyvaruli sasacilo da abuCad asagdebi<br />
Seiqmna, sulac kanonzomieria, rom hamletisnairi adamianebi<br />
miuRebelni Seiqmnen da ufro metic isini Seuracxadad arian<br />
aRiarebulni.<br />
aq me gavixseneb zg. froidis 33 erT-erT aqsiomas, romelic<br />
SeuZlebels xdis adamianis Tvis im maRali misiis aRsrulebisTvis<br />
gzis ganvlas. ai, isic:<br />
_ `Но кто знаком с душевной жизнью человека, тот знает, что<br />
нет для него ничего тяжелее, чем отказ от прежде испытанного<br />
наслаждение~.<br />
froidis gzis erTguli lorensi amitomac ase saSinlad<br />
amaxinjebs RvTaebrivi hamletis enigmurobas da mas, velurobisa<br />
da SiSiT aborgebul seqsis stiqiad warmogvidgens.<br />
da me davasruleb am komentars r. Staineris am fraziT:<br />
`seqsualuroba, is ucxo ramaa, romelic absoluturad<br />
gansxvavdeba wminda siyvarulisgan, mecnierebam (aq cxadia<br />
upirveles yovlisa z. froidis Teoria _ igulisxmeba J.s.)<br />
ukiduress sisaZaglemde daiyvana igi _ man iseTi literatura<br />
Semoitana, rac erTmaneTTan im or Zalas aerTebs, romlebsac<br />
araferi ar akavSirebT~.<br />
r. Staineri `vardisa da jvris saidumloeba~, 278 gv.<br />
28. gv. 19. zigmund froidi _ (1856_1939) avstrieli<br />
nevropaTologi, fsiqiatri, fsiqologi, fsiqoanalizis<br />
fuZemdebeli.<br />
Tu ramdenad didi zegavlena moaxdina fsiqoanalizma<br />
literaturaze, amaze metyvelebs n. yiasaSvilis sityvebi:<br />
`...froidis Teoria adamianis aracnobieri samyaros Sesaxeb<br />
ocian wlebSi didad gascda fsiqologiis da fsiqopaTologiis<br />
farglebs da imdroindeli mwerlebisTvis da ara mxolod<br />
mwerlebisTvis xSirad udavo WeSmaritebad iyo aRiarebuli<br />
am moZRvrebis ZiriTadi debulebani~.<br />
n. yiasaSvili (winasityvaoba wignisa j. joisi `ulise~).<br />
29. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`Tumca Tanamedrove adamiani tanjvisadmi erTgulebas<br />
irCevs.~<br />
J. siraZe `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~, gv. 27.<br />
vidre am frazis komentirebas daviwyeb, minda moviyvano<br />
didi krZalviTa da keTili ganzraxviT Semoklebuli netari<br />
Teofilaqte bulgarelis mier `maTes saxarebis~ teqstis<br />
ganmartebani:<br />
iesom mowafeebs uTxra: `me yovelgvari Zalaufleba momeca<br />
zecaSic da dedamiwazeco~ es ki Semdegs niSnavs: rogorc<br />
RmerTsa da Semoqmeds, me mudam mqonda Zalaufleba yoveliveze,<br />
– rameTu `yovelive Sen gmsaxurebs~ mimarTavs daviTi<br />
RmerTs (fs. 118; 91); – magram nebayoflobiTi morCileba me<br />
180 181
ar mqonia, axla ki me vfiqrob isic meqneba, rameTu axla me<br />
yvelaferi damemorCileba, roca Cemi jvariT me davamarcxe<br />
sikvdilis samefo. morCileba orgvari aris: erTi uneburi,<br />
romlis mixedviTac yvela Cvengani RmerTis monebi varT uneburad,<br />
rogorc demonebi. magram arsebobs agreTve Tavisufali<br />
morCileba, romlis mixedviTac, magaliTad, pavle iyo mona<br />
qristesi. uwin, roca yoveli maTgani uneburad emorCileboda,<br />
macxovars rogorRac naxevari Zalaufleba hqonda, magram<br />
jvarcmis Semdeg, roca RvTisSemecneba yvelasTvis misaw vdomi<br />
gaxda da roca yvela daemorCila nebayoflobiT. qriste ambobs,<br />
rom `axla me miviRe yovelgvari Zalaufleba~. `uwin<br />
me mxolod nawilobrivi Zalaufleba mqonda, rameTu me memsaxurebodnen<br />
uneburad, radgan me Semoqmedi viyav, axla ki,<br />
roca me adamianebi ukve gonebiT memsaxurebian, me ukve yovelgvari<br />
da sruli ufleba maqvs~.<br />
da Teofilaqte bulgareli kiTxviT xazs gausvams jvarcmis<br />
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobasa da sazriss: `visgan mieca<br />
mas es ufleba? mieca sakuTari Tavisagan da Tavisi simdab-<br />
lisagan, rameTu ar damdabldeboda da jvariT ar Seebmeboda<br />
mowinaaRmdegeT, maSin veRar dagvixsnida Cven.~ netari Teofilaqte<br />
bulgaruli `maTes saxarebis ganmarteba~.<br />
magram Tanamedrove adamianma (cxadia, aq mxolooden literatorTa<br />
tendenciebzea saubari) sxva gza airCia. eserT- gulebaa tanjvisa, rac niSnavs, rom qristes mowameobriv<br />
sikvdils, jvarcmas sazrisi waarTva.<br />
u. folkneri34 ase wers:<br />
– `qriste jvars ki ar acves. saaTis pawawina isrebis<br />
wik-wikma mouRo bolo, imitom, rom dai ar hyavda mas~.<br />
u. folkneri, `xmauri da mZvinvareba~.<br />
u. folkneris azriT, ise gamodis, rom TiTqosda qristem<br />
ver igrZno sikvdilis msaxvrali xeli, anu drois uazro<br />
dinebam, saaTis wik-wikma mouRo bolo. u. folkneri qristes<br />
jvarcmis interpretacias axali aRTqmis teqstis ugulebelhyofiT<br />
axdens. riTac Tavisdauneburad qristes materialuri<br />
samyaros monobaSi adanaSaulebs, rac qristes WeSmarit gzas<br />
ewinaaRmdegeba. da Tumca axali aRTqmis teqstSic xdeba<br />
qristes ase dadanaSauleba. magram es xdeba farisevelTa da<br />
mwignobarTa mier.<br />
qristes roca mimarTaven:<br />
_ Sen xar iudevelTa mefe.<br />
qristes pasuxi lakonuria:<br />
_ Sen ambobs amas!<br />
da folkneri cilismwamebelTa mxares dgeba, – maSin roca<br />
qristem kacobriobisadmi ganuzomeli siyvarulis gamo, Tavi<br />
daimdabla da morCilebiT Seimosa kacebrivi bunebiT, raTa<br />
srulad ewvnia da mieRo adamianis xorcieli vnebis simware.<br />
amitomac am amoyiravebuli samyaros modelSi dro gaxda<br />
xelovanis sasjeli, rac niSnavs, rom mas sikvdili da-<br />
eufla.<br />
u. folkneri wers:<br />
– `ar arsebobs `iyo~ – arsebobs mxolod `aris~. `iyo~,<br />
rom arsebuliyo, wuxili, dardi ar iqneboda~.<br />
u. folkneri `saubrebi u. folknerTan~ Targmani rostom<br />
da paata CxeiZeebisa<br />
am amoyiravebul samyaroSi sagnebi ufskrulzea Camokidebuli<br />
da adamiani usazomo da dauZleveli, mware `awmyos~<br />
tanjviT aris mudmiv Zleuli.<br />
aRmosavluri Sridan tanjva aRiqmeba, rogorc diadi<br />
iluzia, maxe, romlis mizeziT adamiani brmaa da amitomac mas<br />
uxilavi, miRmuri samyarosken savali gza Caketili aqvs, vidre<br />
ar ganTavisufldeba misgan.<br />
marTlmadidebluri religia ki WeSmaritebisken saval<br />
gzas upirvelesad vnebaTagan ganTavisuflebaSi xedavs, Tumca<br />
tanjva upirobod ar aRiqmeba, rogorc vnebis Tanamdevi ram.<br />
piriqiT, tanjva Cven gvawrTobs, is saSualebaa, da ara mizani,<br />
rac niSnavs, rom materialuri samyarosgan gangvaSorebs da<br />
agvamaRlebs.<br />
182 183
magram u. folknerTan, rogorc sazogadod Tanamedrove<br />
mwerlebTan tanjva miRebulia, rogorc ukve araerTxel<br />
aRvniSne amoyiravebuli samyaros, yofierebis CarCoSi Caketil<br />
sivrceSi moqceuli adamianis sazareli sasjeli. amaze Tvals<br />
agvixels oqtavio pasis mier Tanamedrove kubizmis mamam-<br />
Tavris brakis35 aseTi daxasiaTeba.<br />
`braki ar eZebs sagnis arss: sagani masTan drois gam-<br />
Wvirvale nakadSi erTveba~.<br />
oqtavio pasi36 `arili~ N 7 (152 gv.)<br />
is, faqtiurad, mTeli Tanamedrove samyaros suraTs Semoxazavs.<br />
am samyaroSi, xom sagnis arsis Zieba ar xdeba, radgan<br />
es SeuZlebelia. yvelaferi xom swored drois am gamWvirvale<br />
nakadSi, wami-wamobiT midenaSi ifanteba da qreba.<br />
am samyaroSi RmerTi arsebobs mxolod imdenad, ramdenadac<br />
es SeiZleba individis ndomis survili Seiqmnes, rac<br />
ewinaaRmdegeba wm. mamaTa mier gamoTqmul azrebs RmerTis<br />
bunebis Sesaxeb. rac fsevdo dionise areopagelis mier ase<br />
aRiwereba:<br />
_ `yovlisagan sruliad ganyenebuli da yovlismiRmuri~<br />
s. kirkegori37 ki cdilobs amis sapirispiro mosazreba<br />
daadasturos:<br />
– `sikeTe, sikeTe, kirkegoris azriT gamovlindeba (gamomJRavnde-<br />
ba) imiT, rom me minda igi. sxvagvarad, mas arsebobac ar<br />
SeuZlia. maSasadame, sikeTe ganpirobebulia TavisuflebiT.<br />
swored aseve boroteba arsebobs (aris) mxolod imitom, rom<br />
me minda igi~ popiaSvili, `individis problema s. kirkegorisa<br />
da fr. nicSes 38 filosofiaSi. 58 gv.<br />
radgan s. kirkegorma Tanamedrove filosofosTa (amoyiravbuli<br />
samyaros warmomadgenelTa msgavsad) Semoitana axali<br />
sawyisi. ai, ras wers popiaSvili ukve aRniSnul naSromSi.<br />
– `... kirkegors filosofiaSi Semoaqvs axali sawyisi,<br />
axali absoluti-individi, aqtiur samoRvaweo asparezze gamo-<br />
hyavs aqamde marTlacda yvelasgan miviwyebuli, CrdilSi mdgari<br />
arseba – individi. kirkegorTan swored TviTarCevanis<br />
Sedegad TavisTavs dauflebuli individi, pirovneba iRebs<br />
umniSvnelovanes gadawyvetilebebs yvelafris mimarT. – sikeTe<br />
da boroteba, kargi da avi, RmerTi da eSmaki da a.S. da a.S. s.<br />
kirkegorTan individia RirebulebaTa mafuZnebeli~.<br />
popiaSvili `individis problema s. kirkegorisa da fr.<br />
nicSes filosofiaSi~. gv. 303.<br />
rogorc ukve aRvniSne, s. kirkegoris moyvanili citatebi<br />
ewinaaRmdegeba wmida mamaTa gamoTqmul azrebs RmerTis<br />
bunebis Sesaxeb.<br />
`adamianis daniSnulebaa, rakiRa amqveynad gaCnda, RmerTis<br />
povnaa, Tumca mas ar SeuZlia misi povna manam, sanam Tavad<br />
RmerTi ar ipovis mas. `misiT vcocxlobT da vmoZraobT~<br />
magram Cvenma vnebebma dagvibrmava sulieri Tvali da Cven<br />
ver vxedavT mas. magram roca saxieri RmerTi Tavis mzeras<br />
mogvapyrobs, maSin, viTarca Zilisagan gamoRviZebulni, viwyebT<br />
Cveni cxonebis Ziebas~.<br />
ioseb aToneli39 `adamians TavisiT arafriT ar ZaluZs WeSmaritad keTili<br />
Seiqnas, rogoradac ar unda surdes es, Tuki masSi RmerTi<br />
ar Sesaxldeba, radgan aravinaa keTili da saxieri, Tvinier<br />
RmerTisa mxoloisa~.<br />
wmida antoni didi40 `... gadarCena ase iwyeba. adamianma unda dautevos Tavisi<br />
neba da gulisxmayofa da Seiqmneba RmrTis nebis da zraxvis<br />
aRmsrulebeli. RmrTis nebas ver SevicnobT gulisxmisyofis<br />
gareSe da es unda xdebodes ara sakuTari aramed imaTi gansjis<br />
safuZvelze, visac saamiso codnac aqvs da gamocdilebac.<br />
sxvagvarad xsna SeuZlebelia. isic ki, rac Cven sikeTed<br />
migvaCnia yovelTvis ar aris sikeTe imis gamo, rom udrood<br />
aResrulebina an kidev imitom, rom ar gvWirdeba~.<br />
wmida petre damaskeli<br />
184 185
diax, diadi iluzia da winaaRmdegoba saxezea. sinamvile-<br />
Si ki individi, romelic RvTaebrivis nebis msaxurebaSi ar<br />
cdilobs Tavisi sulieri saunje Casdos, – kargavs am suls.<br />
es pirdapir ase iwereba axal aRTqmaSi:<br />
_ 24. WeSmaritad, WeSmaritad geubnebiT Tqven. Tu miwaSi<br />
Cavardnili xorblis marcvali ar mokvda, marto dar-<br />
Ceba da Tu mokvda, bevr nayofs gamoisxams~. ioane ioane 12.24. 12.24.<br />
`vinc Tavis suls poulobs, dakargavs mas, xolo vinc<br />
Tavis suls CemTvis kargavs, hpovebs mas~. maTe 10.39.<br />
vivekanandas 41 sityvebi kidev erTxel gvidastureben im<br />
WeSmaritebas, rom yvela religia upirobod moiTxovs im `me~s<br />
`mokvdinebas~ pavle mociqulis sityvebiT `garegani adamianis~,<br />
anu rogorc Tanamedrove terminiT iTqmis, `egos~<br />
daZlevas:<br />
– `visac individualuri `me~ gaucnobiereblad, Seucnoblad<br />
uyvars, aseTi siyvaruli egoizmia. visac uyvars sakuTari<br />
individualuri `me~-s wvdoma, aseTi siyvaruli SeuzRudavi<br />
da SeuboWavia, aseTi pirovneba wmindania~. `s. vivekananda<br />
`leqciebi~ mTargm. n. kenWoSvili 111 gv.<br />
30. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`Cven yovel wams televizoriT, warmosaxviTi msoflios<br />
sarkeSi materialuri samyaros mujluguns SevigrZnobT~.<br />
Jaklin siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~,<br />
gv. 2<strong>1.</strong><br />
televizoris meSveobiT, im giganturi `meqanizmis~ saxes<br />
CavyurebT, romlis asaxva araerTma filosofosma Tu xelovanma<br />
scada. simbolurad mas Cven kacobriobas vuwodebT.<br />
am warmosaxviT sarkeSi mosCans giganturi sxeulis tvini,<br />
azrebi, cTomani, neba _ da Cven Tvalyurs vadevnebT, Tu rogor<br />
ukavSirdeba materialuri samyaro sulier samyaros da<br />
isic ikveTeba, rom wammarTveli amJamad, Tanamedrove samyaros<br />
modelSi es pirvelia.<br />
reklama _ zustad gamosaxavs pirdapir kavSirs materialur<br />
da sulier samyaroebs Soris _ Tanamedrove monteni,<br />
ciceroni, laroSfuko Tu paskali dRes maqsimebisa da azrebis<br />
nacvlad sareklamo rgolebze muSaobs.<br />
Tu rogor mZlavria reklama Tanamedrove samyaroSi,<br />
amaze miuTiTebs reklamis uxeSi, materialuri mujluguni<br />
romlis `wyalobiT~ im dros roca igavmiuwvdomeli Sedevri,<br />
romelsac gadavyavarT miRmur samyaroSi, SeiZleba xelovnurad<br />
da myi sierad Sewydes da umal, materialuri samyaros tlanq,<br />
uxeS samyaroSi, dagvabrunos romelSic angarebis mdinareba<br />
miadinebs samyaros nebismier sagans.<br />
3<strong>1.</strong> gv. 2<strong>1.</strong> fridrih nicSe _ (1844_1900) _ didi germaneli<br />
filosofosi.<br />
32. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
32. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`samad sami anegdoti ikmareba adamianis dasaxasiaTeblad~<br />
fr. nicSe, `filosofosebis Sesaxeb~.<br />
am frazis axsnisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom adamiani<br />
romelzedac aq aris saubari _ fridrix nicSes filosofiaSi<br />
amoyiravebul samyaros models ganekuTvneba.<br />
amis dasamowmeblad albaT umjobesi iqneboda, isev nicSes<br />
cnobili kiTxvebi moviyvanoT, romelic man Tavis cnobil. rogorc<br />
man uwoda momavali filosofiis preludias _ kerZod,<br />
`borotebisa da sikeTis miRmi~-s winasityvaobaSi dasva:<br />
pirveli da umTavresi, iqneb Tavzardamcemi kiTxva unda<br />
gavaJReroT:<br />
`Что собственно в нас хочет истины~-?<br />
am kiTxvis dakonkretebasa da gaRrmavebas fr. nicSe meore<br />
kiTxviT Seecdeba:<br />
_ `Положим мы хотим истины, _ отчего же лучше не<br />
лжи?~<br />
Фр. Ницше `По ту сторону добра и зла~<br />
186 187
am kiTxvebSi ukve devs monaxazi amoyiravebuli samyaros<br />
im modelisa, _ a. kamiu `sizifes miTSi~ rom aRwerda:<br />
_ `absurdi, romelic aqamde daskvnad iyo miCneuli, am<br />
esseSi aTvlis wertilad gvevlineba~. a. kamiu, `sizifes<br />
miTi~, 3 gv.<br />
rogor aris SesaZlebeli aTvlis wertilad absurdis miCneva?<br />
magram, es xom is samyaroa, ideaTa samyaros imitirebiT<br />
rom axerxebs misgan usasrulod daSorebas.<br />
me bertran raselis42 erTi mkvaxe ganacxadi ufro mets<br />
meubneba fr. nicSes Sesaxeb, vidre sxvaTa naSromebi:<br />
_ `Мне неприятен Ницшe потому, что ему нравится созерцать<br />
страдание~.<br />
Б. Рассел `История западной философий~.<br />
mivaqcioT yuradReba: tanjvis ganWvreta, tanjvis mzera.<br />
ra ucnaur Tvisebaze saubrobs nicSe, da ra arasworad<br />
miemarTeba erTimeoresTan ori daukavSirebeli ram. radgan<br />
sadac tanjvaa, iq Wvreta SeuZlebelia, xolo iq, sadac<br />
Wvreten _ tanjva ukve daZleulia.<br />
da me isev patara kunZuls Seviqmni, da es bertran raselis<br />
interpretacia iqneba nicSes Sesaxeb:<br />
`Он ставит силу воли выше всего~.<br />
Б. Рассел `История западной философий~.<br />
Tu saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi filosofiuri skolebi Tu<br />
Teologebi mxolod imisTvis iRwvodnen, raTa adamians saku-<br />
Tari Tavi Seecno, _ rac upirveles yovlisa sakuTar nebaze<br />
uaris Tqmas niSnavda, raTa RvTaebrivi nebis, sinaTlis, da<br />
siyvarulisa Tu sibrZnisaTvis adgili gamoeTavisuflaT.<br />
nicSe moulodnelad zurgs aqcevs kacobriobis memkvidreobas<br />
da mas sanagve yuTSi moisvris. misTvis xom warmmarTveli _<br />
nebis Zalaufleba Seiqmna. ase iqca adamianis ZiriTad Tvisebebad<br />
ara, Tavisufali neba da goneba, rac mis RvTaebriobas<br />
Segvaxsenebda, aramed sami anegdoti, _ anegdoti romelic<br />
Semoxazavs adamianis parodiul saxes. _ da Cven Secbunebulni<br />
da Tavzardacemulni aRmovaCenT, rom ideaTa samyarosgan usas-<br />
rulod dacilebulni aCrdilTa usasrulo aslis xelovnur<br />
samyaroSi moveqeciT.<br />
amitomac iwereba a. kamius mier aseTi teqsti:<br />
_ ` TviT es gulic saguleSi rom miZgers, samudamod<br />
Seucnobeli darCeba CemTvis~. a. kamiu, `sizifes miTi~, mTargmn.<br />
n. iordaniSvili gv. 27.<br />
adamianis Semzaravi gaxevebisa da misi aCrdilad yofnis<br />
sazarlobasa da am usasrulo aslebis samyaros nawilad<br />
qcevis anabeWdia saSineli sityvebi:<br />
`me mudam ucnobi davrCebi Cemiv TavisaTvis~ a. kamiu<br />
`sizifes miTi~, mTargmn. n. iordaniSvili, 27 gv.<br />
_ am amoyiravebuli samyaros modelis `arsze~, a. kamiu<br />
ase wers:<br />
_ `arian WeSmaritebani, magram ara _ WeSmariteba~.<br />
WeSmariteba~<br />
a. kamiu, `sizifes miTi~, mTargmn. n. iordaniSvili, 28 gv.<br />
33. alber kamiu – (1913-1960). frangi mwerali da filosofosi,<br />
egzistencializmis erT-erTi wamyvani fuZemdebeli.<br />
nobelis premiis laurenati literaturis dargSi. 1957 w.<br />
34. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`Cven daaxloebiT warmovadgenT rames~<br />
Cven daaxloebiT warmovadgenT rames~<br />
a. kamiu `dacema~<br />
J. siraZe. `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~ gv. 22<br />
rTulia sworxazovnad da erTmniSvnelovnad isaubro<br />
XX saukunis xelovnebaze da mainc, Rrmadmorwmune nikoloz<br />
berdiaevi xazgasmulad da mkacrad wers, ise rom mis nawers<br />
odnavi iWvic ki ar atyvia, rom XX saukunis xelovanTa da<br />
filosofosTa warmomadgenlebma WeSmaritis Ziebaze xeli<br />
aiRes. berdiaevis azriT maT saerTodac gauqraT is diadi<br />
gancda da moTxovna WeSmaritebis ZiebisTvis, rom aris saWiro.<br />
es upirvelesad WeSmaritebisadmi siyvarulia. magram roca<br />
Tomas manis Canawerebs fr nicSeze da T. dostoevskis Ses-<br />
188 189
axeb kiTxulob SiSi gipyrobs da TiTqos grcxvenia kidec<br />
gabedo n. berdiaevis aseTi sworxazovani da erTmniSvnelovani<br />
Sefaseba gaiziaro, TiTqos geuxerxuleba kidec aRiaro, rom<br />
Tanamedrove qmnilebebSi Semecnebis paradoqsalur gzasTan<br />
erTad Tvalxiluli borotebis xorcSesxmul formebsac<br />
hpoveb, da ufro metic, verc yoveldRiurobis sagnebs akrul<br />
Tvalxiluli jojoxeTis anarekls afaseb dogmaturad da<br />
mkacrad.<br />
radgan fr. nicSesa da T. dostoevskis samyaroTa qveS (maT<br />
vinc, Tanamedrove xelovnebis uaRresad saintereso, paradoqsaluri<br />
da saSiSi gzebi Semoxazes) erTi da igive mdinare<br />
moedineba, da am mdinares ganuzomeli codvisa da damnaSaveobis<br />
gancda amoZravebs. am mdinaris mamoZravad SeiZleba miviCnioT<br />
fraza: `Я не только злым, но даже и ничем не сумел сделаться:<br />
ны злым, не добрым, не подлецом, не честным, не героем, не<br />
насекомым~.<br />
Ф. Достоевский, `записки из подполья~стр. 100.<br />
amitomac iwereba a. kamius mier brbos kacis (mersos)<br />
aRsarebaSi aseTi ucnauri fraza:<br />
`Никто, Никто, никто не имел право ее оплакивать~<br />
А. Камю, `Чужой~, 96 стр.<br />
erTi SexedviT, merso Tavis gancdas ise usazomod gazrdis<br />
da Tavisi dedis datirebis SesaZleblobas ise warmoisaxavs,<br />
rom TiTqosda amiT igi adamianur mijnas gadaabijebs.<br />
is ambobs: aravis, aravis, aravis anu, dedamisis datirebis pativi<br />
TiTqosda aravis ar SeuZlia eboZos, anu, aravis aqvs amis<br />
ufleba. magram sinamdvileSi am `aravin~-Si ikveTeba is ucxo,<br />
romelic masSi sakuTari dedis datirebas ver SesZlebs. – am<br />
ucxo-s, am aravin-is sawinaaRmdegod ikveTeba vinme, moTxro-<br />
baSi – mas arabis saxiT vecnobiT. vecnobiT amis dadasturebaa, rom roca<br />
moTxroba `ucxo~-Si merso klavs arabs, amave dros is klavs<br />
didi sinamdvilis mogonebas, anu rac mas unda ganecada dedis<br />
cxedris gverdiT. modiT, xelaxla gavixsenoT moTxrobaSi<br />
aRwerili ambavi. kerZod, arabis mkvleloba. am dros arabs,<br />
mersosTvis am sruliad ucnob adamians xelSi dana uWiravs,<br />
romlis laplapa zedapiri mexsierebis sarked gardaisaxeba,<br />
romelSic didi sinamdvile mcxunvare, kaSkaSa mzis saxiT<br />
airekleba, da merso ver uZlebs tkivilis mexsierebas da<br />
faqtiurad, roca is klavs mis winaSe mdgom kacs – arabs,<br />
misi saxiT is klavs didi sinamdvilis mexsierebas.<br />
exla aRvidginoT Tu rogor ganecxadeba mersos didi<br />
sinamdvile dedis cxedris pirispir:<br />
– `Меня разбудил шорох. Я успел отвыкнуть от яркого<br />
света и выбеленные стены совсем ослепили меня. Теней не было,<br />
каждый предмет, каждый угол и изгиб вырисовывались так четко,<br />
что резало глаза. В комнату входили мамини друзья. Их было<br />
человек двенадцать. Они неслышно скользили в слепящем свете.<br />
Они уселись и ни один стул не скрипнул. Никогда, никогда я не<br />
видел так ясно, до последней морщинки, до последней складки<br />
одежды. Однако их совсем не было слышно просто не верилось,<br />
что это живые люди люди~.<br />
А. Камю `Чужой~ 44 стр.<br />
modiT CamovTvaloT didi sinamdvilis Riaobis niSnebi:<br />
`metismetma mkveTrma sinaTlem Tvali momWra (ambobs merso).<br />
– (Tumca is ar dabrmavda, – radgan ar miiRo es sinamdvile)<br />
sagnebs Crdili ar axlavs. rogorc platoni ityoda: didi<br />
sinamdvile, saganTa namdvil saxes – ideebs gvisaxsovrebs.<br />
(adamianis moZraobas xma ar dahyveba, xmauri ar ismis.<br />
Tumca merso amasac ar iocebs, radgan brma rCeba am did<br />
sinamdvileSic). is ambobs – arasodes ase mkveTrad, ase cxadad<br />
ar daminaxia arcerTi sagani (cxadia, aq didi sinamdvilis<br />
Riaobis igavmiuwvdomel naTelSi vimzirebiT, rac cxads xdis<br />
saganTa dafarulobas).<br />
sxva saubris Temaa, rom dedis megobrebi, ieso-qristes<br />
mowafeTa msgavsad Tormetni arian, magram es sulac ar niSnavs,<br />
rom merso – ieso qristea, an ieso – dedis, cxedaria,<br />
an ieso – arabia, ... ara. rogorc a. kamiu wers:<br />
`Cven yvelani dakninebulni qristeebi varT~.<br />
190 191
a. kamiu `dacema~<br />
am logikiT gamodis, rom moTxrobis yvela personaJi<br />
– ieso qristea.<br />
dedis cxedris gverdiT aRmarTuli didi sinamdvilis<br />
SemaZrwunebeli sicxade mianiSnebs raRacaze, ris winaSec<br />
SesaZloa merso unda damdgariyo, es raRac, – sikvdilis<br />
ufskrulis winaSe dgomaa da `iq~, sadac sakuTari sulieri<br />
me-s danaxva da TviTSecnobaa SesaZlebeli.<br />
magram merso sulac ar cdilobs didi sinamdvilis winaSe<br />
darCes da masSi Caemwyvdes, radgan ar surs aexilos<br />
sulieri Tvali, anu ar surs Taviss suls waakiTxos, rom<br />
deda moukvda.<br />
ase ibadeba aravin, – erTis SexedviT, es usazomod gazrdili<br />
tkivilis saxesvaoba.<br />
es aravin – aris mTeli Tanamedrouli xelovnebis `saxe~,<br />
– radgan axali moraluri kodeqsis Camoyalibeba swored am<br />
tyupiscalebma, fr. nicSem da T. dostoevskim iTaves. maT<br />
moses kanonebisa da axali aRTqmis teqstis Secvla ganizraxes.<br />
amiT imis Tqma minda, rom Tavad tkivilis formaa maTi<br />
personaJi. mas ar gaaCnia saxe. Tanamedrove teqstebSi ki franc<br />
kafkas43 `metamorfozaSi~.gregor zamzas Tavisi tanjvis `saxeSi~<br />
vxedavT da es tanjva aRiqmeba rogorc misi metafizikuri<br />
aRwera.<br />
codvis, umniSvnelo codvis usazomod gazrda iwvevs imas,<br />
rom raimed yofna ukve danaSaulad miiCneva miiCneva. a. kamius mier<br />
dawerili `aRsareba~ `dacemad~ iwodeba. radgan a. kamiu Tavisi<br />
winamorbedebis fr. nicSes, T. dostoevskis da franc<br />
kafkas mier Semoxazul da amoyiravebul samyaros gvTavazobs.<br />
es is samyaroa, sadac uSualod veRar saubroben iudas<br />
mier qristes gayidvaze, aramed aq saubroben mxolooden<br />
qristes suraTze. anu mas `mogonebis~ saxe gaaCnia da Tanac<br />
es teqsti orazrovnebiTa da cinizmiT iwereba Tanamedrove<br />
ioane naTlismcemlis mier a. kamius am teqstSi, kerZod<br />
`dacema~-Si. qristes gamyidveli brbos kacia, da Tan isic<br />
qristea da amitomac viTomcda qristesdarad ucodvelobis<br />
grZnoba dahyveba mas. avtori daufaravi zizRiT wers am amoyiravebuli<br />
samyaros ganmgebelze:<br />
– `... verafers SeasmenT am gorilas, aqaurobis beds rom<br />
ganagebs. mxolod did-did cxovelebs ZaluZT irjebodnen ase,<br />
– TavianT nebaze. warmoidgineT pirvelyofili adamiani babilonis<br />
godolze~. a. kamiu `dacema~ 8 gv.<br />
usaxo brbos warmomadgenels, romelmac qriste gayida<br />
isev mieca SesaZlebloba, an aerCia, an ar aerCia qristes gza<br />
– oRond, ukve mxolod rogorc suraTi-mogonebis saxiT.<br />
ai, ras wers kamiu:<br />
– `marTlac suraTi ekida da Zalianac saintereso. namdvili<br />
Sedevri iyo. me momswre var, rogor SeiZina mag kacma<br />
es suraTi da mere rogor daTmo~. a. kamiu `dacema~.<br />
da Semdeg ukve grZeldeba am amoyiravebuli samyaros<br />
aRwera:<br />
– `... parizi namdvili Tvalsatyuaraa, SesaniSnavi dekoracia,<br />
sadac oTxi milioni aCrdili cxovrobs. ukanaskneli<br />
aRweris Tanaxmad TiTqmis xuTi milioni... (Semdeg avtori<br />
– aCrdilTa saqmianobas aRwers – J.s.)... me mudam im azris<br />
viyavi, rom Cven Tanamoqalaqeebs ori zne sWirT:<br />
azrovneben da mruSoben~ mruSoben a. kamiu `dacema~ gv. 53.<br />
aCrdilTa zne – gvimJRavnebs amoyiravebuli samyaros<br />
saSinelebas – swored aCrdilis definiciaa: Cven daaxloebiT<br />
warmovadgenT rames imis sapirispirod, rac RvTaebrivis msgavsebaa.<br />
a. kamius `dacemaSi~ ki aRiwereba adamianis orazrovani<br />
gaxidva yvelafersa da arafers Soris Soris. erTis SexedviT yvela<br />
sagnisadmi usazomo daSoreba ikveTeba, romelSic ara amaRlebuli<br />
da ganuzomeli SiSi gamosWvivis, aramed mxolooden<br />
cxovelis mdabali da mxdali SiSi, rom SeiZleba raimes<br />
hgavdes hgavdes.<br />
paskali werda: 311 `adamianis sidiade isaa, rom Tavis<br />
ubadrukobas grZnobs. xe ver grZnobs Tavis ubadrukobas.<br />
192 193
maSasadame, mxolod ubadruki grZnobs sakuTar ubadrukobas,<br />
magram misi sidiadec esaa swored~.<br />
blez paskali `azrebi~ 276 gv. Targmna b. bregvaZe<br />
Tu paskalis adamians ubadrukobis grZnoba – RvTaebriv<br />
sidiademde aRamaRlebs da ganwmends, a. kamius `dacema~-Si<br />
paskalis RvTaebriobis simaRlemde atanili -ubadrukobis<br />
gancdisgan ukuqceuli kacis orazrovneba ixazeba, romelic<br />
Tavisi dakninebiT RmerTs emaleba da cxadia, arc aranairi<br />
imedi ar gamosWvivis, rom misken gaeSureba. radgan Tavisi<br />
ubadrukobis aRmoCenisas is Zrwis, da ugonod TamaSobs. is<br />
orazrovnebs, viT brbo, romelic didi sinamdvilidan ukuqceuli<br />
orazrovnebis safarvels afarebs Tavs, raTa arasodes<br />
iqces vinmed vinmed.<br />
35. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`Tanamedrove gmiri kaci ufro pilates moagavs hosa da<br />
aras Soris rom aris gaxiduli~<br />
J. siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~<br />
ubiri kacisTvis pilates arc aranairi danaSauli ar<br />
miuZRvis iesos mimarT, is marTali kacia, maSasadame WeSmaritebis<br />
gzaze mdgomi.<br />
moviyvan amonarids maTes saxarebidan:<br />
– `22 uTxra maT pilatem: `iesos raRa vuyo, qristed<br />
wodebuls?~ yvelam Tqva: `jvarcmuli iqnes!~<br />
24. pilatem raki dainaxa, rom verafers Svelis, aramed<br />
SfoTic ki iwyeba, aiRo wyali xelebi daibana xalxis winaSe<br />
da Tqva: `ubralo var am marTlis sisxlisagan. Tqven<br />
iciT~.<br />
maTes saxarebis 27 Tavebis 15-18 ase ganmartavs Teofilaqte<br />
bulgareli:<br />
`pilate cdilobda gaeTavisuflebina qriste, Tumca arc<br />
ise didis mondomebiT, rogorc saWiro iyo; rameTu is mtkiced<br />
unda mdgariyo WeSmaritebaze. man jer hkiTxa ufals:<br />
`ara gesmis, raodensa es Segwameben Sen?~ imitom hkiTxa, rom<br />
Tu qriste Tavs imarTlebda, sababi hqonoda mis gasanTavisufleblad.<br />
roca ufalma ar isurva Tavis marTleba, raki<br />
kargad icoda, rom mainc ar gauSvebdnen, Tundac Tavi emar-<br />
Tlebina, maSin pilatem sxva gzas mimarTa, Cveuleba gaixsena,<br />
TiTqos ambobda: Tu Tqven ar gauSvebT iesos, rogorc gansjili,<br />
gaaxareT igi dResaswaulis gamo.<br />
ras warmoidgenda pilate, rom isini moisurvebdnen udanaSaulo<br />
iesos jvarcmasa da damnaSave yaCaRis gaTavisuflebas?<br />
maSasadame, raki man icoda, rom qriste udanaSaulo aris,<br />
magram mas SuriT epyrobian, swored am mizeziT ekiTxeba maT:<br />
pilatem amiT gamoavlina, rom Tavad susti kaci iyo, rameTu<br />
mas Tavic ki unda mieca dasaRupavad keTili saqmisaTvis.<br />
amitomac imsaxurebs igi gankicxvas, rogorc WeSmaritebis<br />
damfaravi.<br />
`baraba~ niSnavs `Svili mamisa~, radgan bar – vaJs da abba<br />
– mamas niSnavs. maSasadame, iudevelT Tavisi mamis, eSmakis<br />
vaJi gamoiTxoves, xolo ieso jvars acves. isini dRemdis<br />
mikedlebuli arian antiqristeze, – mamis Zeze, xolo qristes<br />
uaryofen~.<br />
netari Teofilaqte bulgareli `maTes saxarebis ganmarteba~,<br />
252 gv.<br />
a. kamius dacemaSi aRwerilia Tanamedrove adamianis pilateoba<br />
da amaze mianiSnebs misi sulieri wyoba, is `monanie<br />
msajulia~, anu, rogorc TviTon ambobs, xelobac orgvari<br />
aqvs, rogorc buneba, misi samoTxe is xelovnuri samoTxea,<br />
romelSic Tanamedrove evropaa CaZiruli. ai, ras wers<br />
a. kamiu amis Sesaxeb:<br />
– `an ki, samoTxe rogor davarqvaT im uzrunvel, netar<br />
arsebobas Cemo Zvirfaso? me vnetarebdi: Cems dReSi ar dam-<br />
Wirvebia cxovreba meswavla. es niWi dedis muclidan damyva~.<br />
a. kamiu, `dacema~ 25 gv.<br />
me isev gavimeoreb moxmobili citatis fragments:<br />
194 195
– `Cems dReSi ar damWirvebia cxovreba meswavla. es niWi<br />
dedis muclidan damyva~.<br />
anu, aq is aRiarebs, rom is meored, ciT dabadebas ar<br />
eziara, radgan mas es arc sWirdeba.<br />
Tu adre adamiani Tavisi sulis sakurneblad `aRsarebas<br />
werda, amoyiravebul samyaroSi aRsarebas dacema Seenacvla.<br />
mTxrobeli, ioane naTlismcemelia ai, rogor aRiwereba igi:<br />
– ` gaquculi palto macvia... aqlemi, romlis bewvisganac<br />
es paltoa Sekerili uTuod qeciani iyo~. a. kamiu `dacema~,<br />
gv. 12.<br />
da ai, am amoyiravebul samyaroSi, sadac RmerTi gayidulia,<br />
uaryofili da Seginebuli ai, ras wers amis Sesaxeb<br />
mTxrobeli:<br />
– `... marTlac suraTi ekida da Zalianac saintereso.<br />
namdvili Sedevri iyo. me momswre var, rogor SeiZina mag<br />
kacma es suraTi da mere rogor daTmo. orivejer saocrad<br />
frTxilobda...~. a. kamiu `dacema~, gv. 9.<br />
exla gavixsenoT ras wersa. kamiu Tanamedrove `gmiris~<br />
Sesaxeb:<br />
– `warmoidgineT pirvelyofili adamiani babilonis godolze.<br />
ucxooba mainc gastanjava. es meduqne ki sulac ar<br />
grZnobs ucxoobas. midis Tavisi gziTa da nirs veraferi<br />
Seacvlevinebs. xmas iSviaTad amoiRebs da erTaderTi winadadeba,<br />
romelic misgan gavigone iyo: an unda gaitano, an<br />
waago. ra unda gaetana? ra unda waego? albaT Tavisi Tavi.<br />
(xazg. J.s.)~. a. kamiu `dacema~, 8 gv.<br />
Tu ioane naTlismcemeli, romelmac gza unda ganumzados<br />
qristes Tavad iqca ucnaur, gaorebul kacad – monaniemsaju- lad.<br />
es mogvaniSnebs, rom Cven am amoyiravebul samyaroSi movxvdiT<br />
sadac cxadia, RirebulebaTa gadafaseba moxda. ai, ras<br />
wers i. brodskis44 samyaroze ina kuliSova:<br />
– `samoTxe da jojoxeTi brodskis mixedviT agreTve<br />
sulis ori Cixia, rameTu samoTxe usasoebis adgilia, radgan<br />
igi erT-erT planetaTagania, sadac perspeqtiva ar aris~. aris<br />
Cveulebriv es azri Tavzardamcemia rogorc morwmunesTvis<br />
ise klasikosisTvis. es, ara Tu uazrobaa, ufro metic, iseTi<br />
azria romlis mofiqrebac ki udidesi codvaa. Tumca Tanamedrove<br />
xelovneba am `diadi codvis~ kvarcxlbekze moTavsebuli<br />
qmnis Tavis `qmnilebebs~. ai, ras wers i. brodski:<br />
– `samoTxis samoTxis idea warmoadgens adamianis azris logikur<br />
bolos, radgan es azri ufro Sors ver midis, midis radgan samosamo- Txis iqiT aRaraferi xdeba. amitom SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />
samoTxe – Cixia. es sivrcis ukanaskneli xedvaa, sagnis boloa,<br />
mTis mwvervali, pikia, romlidanac nabijs versad gadadgam,<br />
mxolod qronosSi. swored amasTan dakavSirebiT Semodis<br />
maradiuli sicocxlis cneba~.<br />
da isev gavagrZeleb i. brodskis citirebas:<br />
– `sivrce Seqcevadi da statiuria, dro – Seuqcevadi da<br />
dinamiuri, maradiuli sicocxlis idea – es maradiuli dinamikis<br />
perspeqtivis ideaa, romlis ukan dabruneba ubralod<br />
SeuZlebelia, Tanac azrs moklebuli~.<br />
ana kuliSovi 183 gv.<br />
ratom moviyvane, TiTqosda ase uadgilod i. brodskis<br />
naazrevi? mxolod imis dasadastureblad, rom dRes genialurad<br />
moazrovnenic ki pilates mantiiT Semosilni saubroben<br />
maradiulobaze.<br />
amis dasturia haidegeris sityvebi:<br />
`msoflio dro, romelsac ar gaaCnia Ziri, ufskrulzea<br />
Camokidebuli~.<br />
Tanamedrove samyaroSi dros ar gaaCnia Ziri, radgan adamianma<br />
Tanamedrove adamianma Jamieroba uaryo, is Jamieroba,<br />
romelTanac misaaxleblad adamianSi wamyvani RvTaebrivi gznebaa<br />
da romelSic harmoniulad aris ganfenili yvela sagnebi.<br />
adamiani ki viT RvTaebrivi gzis Tanaziari dros gamosxletilia,<br />
roca amis sapirispirod Tanamedrove adamiani viT<br />
196 197
msxverpli drois am sastiki jalaTis mona gaxda. man pilates<br />
mantia moirgo, da ase Tavis zedapirulobiTa da simCatiT,<br />
saqmisadmi naxevruli midevnebiT, rac Tanamdevia ubiri kacisTvis,<br />
romelmac Tavi yofierebis saTrevelad aqcia.<br />
ase iqca misTvis ideali – sikvdilis ConCxiani saxe saxe.<br />
36. gv. 22. bertran raseli (1872_1970) _ <strong>ingliseli</strong><br />
filosofosi, logikosi, maTematikosi, sazogado moRvawe. nobelis<br />
premiis laureati literaturis dargSi. 1950 wels.<br />
37. federiko felini (1920-1998) _ XX saukunis <strong>genialuri</strong><br />
italieli kinoreJisori da scenaristi udidesi zegavlena<br />
moaxdina evropul kulturaze.<br />
38. Sesavlis komentari:<br />
`iqneb sibrZne kanfetis SesafuTi qaRaldis kideze wewe- ria?~<br />
f. f. felini felini<br />
samyaros amoyiravebul modelSi, romelic aRwerilia Cems<br />
piesaSi `xelovanis gza~, da romelzedac aseve mimdinareobs<br />
saubari SesavalSi, – usazomod `gazrdilia~ umniSvnelo<br />
sagani, – radgan aq yvelafers materialuri samyaro gankargavs.<br />
piesis enaze rom vTargmnoT;<br />
qvebi purad iqca<br />
risi interpretaciac mogvca genialurma Semoqmedma fedore<br />
mixeilis Ze dostoevskim Tavis grandiozul, genialur<br />
romanSi `Zmebi karamazovebi~.<br />
n. berdiaevis sityvebiT: `Tanamedrove xelovnebaSi suli<br />
TiTqosda mcirdeba, xolo xorci dematerializdeba~.<br />
n. berdiaevi, `xelovnebis krizisi~, 190 gv.<br />
sulieri sawyisi uaryofil iqna da mTlianad yvelaferi<br />
materialur samyaros daemorCila: warmmarTveli nebismieri<br />
vneba da cToma Seiqmna, romelic giganturad zrdis survilis<br />
sagans. es yvelaze ukeT mosCans msoflio sarkis meSveobiT,<br />
rasac televizias vuwodebT. aq pirdapir moCans, rom adamianis<br />
arsi gaigivebul iqna usazomod gazrdil survilebTan<br />
da cTomasTan, xolo Tavisufleba ki Sefasebul iqna, rogorc<br />
survilis myisieri, dauTmeneli aRsruleba.<br />
kanfetis SesafuTi faratina qaRaldi, sworedac yvelaze<br />
mosaxerxebeli da upriani adgilsamyofelia Tanamedroveebis<br />
maqsimebis – survilebis, cTomis, codvilobis ilustrirebisTvis.<br />
amoyiravebuli samyaros `sibrZne~ swored kanfetis am<br />
pawia faratina qaRaldis kideze eteva.<br />
198 199
piesis komentarebi:<br />
39. iohan volhan goeTe (1749_1832) – udidesi germaneli<br />
poeti, prozaikosi, <strong>dramaturgi</strong>, mravamxriv gansawluli<br />
adamiani, politikuri moRvawe, filosofosi, filologi,<br />
bunebismetyveli, mxatvari da sxva.<br />
40. ilia WavWavaZe (1837_1907) – didi qarTveli poeti,<br />
publicisti, politikuri da sazogado moRvawe.<br />
4<strong>1.</strong> federik Sopeni _ (1810_1849) – didi poloneli<br />
kompozitori da pianisti.<br />
42. Tedore mixeilis Ze dostoevski (1821-1881). <strong>genialuri</strong><br />
rusi mwerali, romanisti.<br />
43. jeims joisi 1882-194<strong>1.</strong> XX saukunis yvelaze gavleniani<br />
irlandieli mwerali da poeti. misi yvelaze cnobili<br />
nawrmoebia romani `ulise~, romelsac uwodeben `cnobierebis<br />
nakadis~ literaturis Sedevrs.<br />
44. pol valeri _ <strong>genialuri</strong> frangi poeti, eseisti da<br />
filosofosi. serjo solmi ase werda valeris Semoqmedebaze:<br />
`sadac sicocxlisa da Semecnebis dabadeba qveynad, maRali<br />
metafizikuri ironiiT danaxulia, rogorc laqa rogorc defeqti<br />
aryofnis sxivosani srulqmnilebisa~.<br />
45. fsiqe `berZn. ganasaxierebs suls, sunTqvas. mas<br />
warmosaxav dnen peplis, an peplis frTebiani gogonas saxiT.<br />
sulis es gamosaxuleba Zv.w. V-IV saukuneebidan Cndeba ber-<br />
Znul xelovnebaSi. ufro adre ki suli, romelic adamians<br />
tovebda, Citad an bolad warmoedginaT berZnebs. mweralma<br />
apuleusma (ax.w. 124 w.) Tavis `metamorfozebSi~ gaaerTiana<br />
sxvadasxva xalxSi arsebuli Tqmulebebi fsiqeze da mSvenieri<br />
sabedos poeturi saxe Seqmna: odesRac erT samefoSi cxovrobda<br />
mefis asuli fsiqe. igi iseTi lamazi iyo, rom mis<br />
mxilvelebs afrodite aviwydebodaT. ganrisxebulma qalRmer-<br />
Tma Tavisi Svili erosi ixmo da ubrZana, fsiqe qveynad arsebuli<br />
usazarlesi urCxulisadmi sabediswero siyvarulis<br />
grZnobiT aRenTo, sixaruliT miiRo oinTa moyvare patara<br />
RvTaebam es davaleba, magram ixila Tu ara qalwuli, misi<br />
mSvenebiT moxiblulma sakuTari Tavi Seayvara. erosma fsiqes<br />
didebuli sasaxle uZRvna. mimwuxrebisas iq xvdebodnen erTmaneTs<br />
Seyvarebulebi. arasodes unaxavs mefis asuls Tavisi<br />
metrfe, radgan erosma gaafrTxila, rom misi xilva ubedurebas<br />
moutanda. fsiqem es ambavi debs gaumxila. isini ki, SuriT<br />
aRZru lni dascinodnen, Seni satrfo, albaT, Semzaravi ur-<br />
Cxuliao. fsiqe daeWvda da erTxel, RamiT, cnobiswadiliT<br />
aRelvebulma aanTo bazma. erosis RvTaebrivi silamaziT gaognebuls<br />
xeli aukankalda da mZinare RmerTs daawveTa cxeli<br />
zeTi. erosi gamofxizlda da wamisumal gaqra. gaqra didebuli<br />
sasaxlec da mefis asuli udabur kldeze aRmoCnda. mas<br />
mravali mwuxarebiTa da salmobiT sjida afrodite. magram<br />
erosi, romelsac isev uyvarda igi, amSvidebda da ifaravda.<br />
Seecoda mexTamtyorcnel zevss Seyvarebulebi da fsiqe aRazeva<br />
olimposze olimposze, sadac igi eross SeeuRlda.<br />
fsiqes es poeturi miTosi aisaxa moqandakeTa (kanova,<br />
torvaldseni), mxatvarTa (rafaeli, julio romano), dramaturgTa<br />
(molieri), poetTa (lafonteni, bogdanoviCi) Tu<br />
kompozitorTa (liuli, franki) SemoqmedebaSi.<br />
r. gordeziani45 `berZnuli miTebi~.<br />
Cems dramaSi `xelovnebis gza~ Semotanilia fsiqeas axali<br />
simbolo – mWknari foToli. mWknari foToli poeziis<br />
simboloa, amitomac yvela didi Semoqmedis nawarmoebSi xan<br />
xilulad, xan farulad gakrTeba mWknari foTlis saxeba,<br />
rogorc gardauvali da kanonzomieri simbolo. galaktionisa<br />
da verlenis Semoqmedebac ki sakmarisia amis dasadastureblad.<br />
dramaSi is aseve Semoqmedis meore mzis sxivis gaToSigaToSi- 200 201
lobaa da poetis martoobis Jams mopovebuli samyaros<br />
igavmiuwvdomeli erTobis gansaxebaa. es mzis sxivi adamianSi<br />
moqmedi umaRlesi Zalaa, rac amTlianebs nawarmoebs uxilavad<br />
da sabolood qmnis mas imad, rac is aris.<br />
drama TTqosda miuyveba erosisa da fsiqeas sasiyvarulo<br />
Tavgadasavals, magram dramis interpretacia gardasaxavs miTs<br />
da sul sxva Sinaarss aZlevs maT sasiyvarulo istorias.<br />
berZnul miTologiaSi miCneulia, rom fsiqeasa da erosis<br />
siyvaruli ganuyofeli erToba da niSania samyaros dafaruli<br />
harmoniisa, misi gamosaxeba da simboloa. maSin, roca dramaSi<br />
maTi siyvaruli es aris fsiqeas, RvTaebrivi da ukvdavi sulis<br />
daknineba, damcroba da dacemis niSani. radgan erosi Tanamedrove<br />
xelovnebis samyaroSi ukve gardasaxulia mdabali<br />
vnebebis msaxurad da misi SeerTeba fsiqeasTan niSnavs sulis<br />
dacemas. amis niSnad dramis dasasruls fsiqea ukve SeSlilia<br />
amis mizezi ki erTis mxriv, deda-afrodites mSvenierebisa<br />
da saTnoebis qalRmerTis `sikvdilia~ Tanamedrove<br />
samyarosTvis, meores mxriv ki xelovnebis samyaroSi apolonisa<br />
da dionises TuTiyuSebad, robotebad qcevaa, aseve satiris<br />
mefoba – usaxuri da uniWo, slengiT mjRabnelis aRzevebaa,<br />
emanuelos, didi Semoqmedis gaoreba da saerTod<br />
xelovnebis krizisi Tanamedrove samyaroSi.<br />
46. piesis komentari:<br />
_ `oqros xanaSi drois RvTaebrivi wre,<br />
xelovans im oqros kveTSi amwyvdevda~, J. siraZe, `xelovanis<br />
gza~ gv. 30.<br />
r. Staineri46 ase wers:<br />
misteriis yvela moralur kodeqsSi ewera aseTi udidesi<br />
mniSvnelobis sityvebi:<br />
_ `ipove Suaguli, centri, ise rom Seni qmedebis Sedegad<br />
ar dahkargo sakuTari Tavi samyaroSi da Tavis mxriv<br />
samyaromac ar dagkargos Sen~...<br />
...adamianis bunebas ori mimarTulebiT ZaluZs moimoqmedos<br />
boroteba da rom Tavisufali nebis ganviTareba mxolod<br />
imitom xelewifeba, rom borotebas igi ori mimarTulebiT<br />
anviTarebs.<br />
... cxovreba mxolod maSin miedineba sworad da keTilad,<br />
rodesac adamianis cdomilebis es orive mimarTuleba ganixileba,<br />
rogorc sasworis ori pina, romelTagan xan erTi<br />
sZlevs, xan ki meore. WeSmariti wonasworoba mxolod maSinaa<br />
SesaZlebeli, rodesac pinebi erT swor horizontalur<br />
xazzea.<br />
... erTi mxare, saiTac adamianis buneba SeiZleba gadaixaros,<br />
aris ugunuri, angariSmiucemeli siTamame _ adamianis gankargulebaSi<br />
myofi Zalebis uazro ltolva ukiduresobisaken da<br />
am Zalebis uCveulo gadaZabva... igi angariSmiucemeli, ugunuri<br />
siTamamisken gadaixreba, dahkargavs Tavis me-s da cxovrebis<br />
dolabi marcvaliviT dafqvavs, da piriqiT, simxdalisaken<br />
gadaxra gaaxevebs mas da saganTa da arsebaTa kavSiridan<br />
moswyvets. igi gadaiqceva sakuTar TavSi Caketil arsebad,<br />
romelic amovardnilia sayovelTao kavSiridan da amdenad<br />
Tavisi saqmiTa da saqcieliT erTian mTelTan Tanxmiereba<br />
aRar ZaluZs~. r. Staineri `vardisa da jvris saidumloeba~,<br />
gv. 60. mTargm. g. niSnianiZe.<br />
am oqros kveTs sxvagvarad aRwers blez paskali Tavis<br />
azrebSi:<br />
_ `55 bunebam ise zustad mogvaTavsa SuaSi, rom Tu sasworis<br />
erT mxares vicvlebiT, uTuod meore mxaresac vicvlebiT.<br />
Je feson zia trekei es me mafiqrebinebs, rom aris Cvens TavSi<br />
idumali zambarebi, imnairad ganlagebulni, rom is vinc erTs<br />
exeba, imavdroulad, mis sapirispirosac exeba~.<br />
b. paskali, `azrebi~, 91 gv. Targm. b. bregvaZe.<br />
paskali gvTavazobs im Suagulis intuitiur wvdomas, romlis<br />
meoxebiTac adamiani Sinagan, zneobriv amaRlebas eziareba.<br />
es masSi dasabamidanvea mocemuli.<br />
202 203
47. piesis komentari:<br />
`da ase, mzisa da sikvdilis, Tavzardamcemi da aRmtaci<br />
idumalebis, diadi erTis winaSe warsdgeboda~.<br />
J. siraZe, `xelovanis gza~. gv. 3<strong>1.</strong><br />
ganurCevlad yvela Semoqmedi unda warsdges hadesis,<br />
wyvdiadiT mosili Ramis winaSe. am Savi ufskrulis gadalaxviT<br />
ixilavs is im sinaTles, sikvdilis diadi saxe, rom<br />
gaumJRavnebs. radgan sikvdili is zRvaria, sadac mTliandeba<br />
da jamdeba adamianis cxovreba. is rasac, Cven yoveldRe vakeTebT,<br />
– es iqneba: fiqri, azrovneba, sicili, tirili Tu<br />
tanjva. yvelaferi es enigmurad, gonebisTvis mouxelTebel<br />
erT rigad dalagdeba maSin, roca sikvdilis Tavzardamcemi<br />
saxe – diad wams Camohkravs.<br />
magram, xom arseboben, iseTi adamianebic, romlebic yoveldRe<br />
epatiJebian sikvdils da ase cdiloben sulis gamTlianebas.<br />
aseT adamianTa rigSi moiazrebian upirvelesad xelovanni,<br />
filosofosni, poetni, – an ubralod, maT Semoqmedi<br />
adamianebi SeiZleba vuwodoT. SeiZleba is glexia, SeiZleba<br />
is monazonia... is Semoqmedia sakuTari sulisa – rac niSnavs,<br />
rom is meored daibada ciT da Tavisi misiis aRsrulebis<br />
gzaze nabiji gadadga. amitomac, aseTi mkacria mark avreliusi,<br />
roca wers:<br />
– `17 ise nuki cxovrob, TiTqos aTi aTasi wlis si- si-<br />
cocxle gedos kidev win. ukve axloa aRsasruli~.<br />
mark avreliusi. `fiqrebi~ 110 gv. mTargm. baCana<br />
bregvaZe<br />
gardauvali kanonzomierebis gamo sikvdilis winaSe warsdgomas<br />
gamonaklisis gareSe yvela Semoqmedi gamosaxavs.<br />
zogis azriT, terenti granelis SeSliloba, fsiqiatriul<br />
saavadmyofoSi moTavseba, mxolod imis niSani iyo, rom<br />
is miwier samyaros Camoscilda.<br />
amitomac, aRar gvaocebs es teqsti:<br />
– `yovel Rames moaqvs fiqri sikvdilze da siSoreze,<br />
da meSinia...~<br />
platoni Tvlida, rom filosofosi Tavis srulyofil<br />
saxes mxolod hadesSi gaRweviT, anu miRmur samyaroSi Ses-<br />
Zlebs:<br />
ai, ras wers platoni `fedonSi~:<br />
– `...Tu marTlac WeSmariti filosofosia, is sixaruliT<br />
miaSurebs hadess, radgan Rrmad iqneba darwmunebuli, rom<br />
mxolod iq hpovebs sibrZnes misi wmida saxiT da ara sxvagan~.<br />
platoni `fedoni~ gv. 23. Targm. baCana bregvaZem.<br />
an, sxvagan ai ras wers igi:<br />
– `amrigad, Tu gvsurs wminda saxiT SevicnoT rame, Tavi<br />
unda davaRwioT sxeuls da mxolod gonebis TvaliT vumziroT<br />
sagnebs. iqneb maSin mainc veziaroT mas, rasac vetrfiT da<br />
rasac veswrafviT, saxeldobr, sibrZnes. maSin-meTqi, roca<br />
vambob, me vgulisxmob – sikvdilis Semdeg, rogorc sityva<br />
gvaniSnebs Cven; radgan sicocxleSi es gamoricxulia, da raki<br />
sicocxleSi wminda saxiT verras SevicnobT oridan erTi<br />
unda vaRiaroT uTuod: an, saerTod, verasodes SeviZenT codnas,<br />
anda mxolod sikvdilis Semdeg, roca suli sabolood<br />
eyreba sxeuls...~. platoni, `fedoni~. gv. 20. Targm. baCana<br />
bregvaZem.<br />
is sibrZne, razedac platoni saubrobs, miiRweva RvTaebrivi<br />
arsebis pirispir Wvretisas, wminda ideaTa saufloSi<br />
gaRwevis meSveobiT, sadac moismineba samyaro. platoni xmarobs<br />
gonebis TvaliT, – rasac intuicias, sulis suls, xanac<br />
ki RvTaebriv gons uwodeben. am mdgomareobaSi, suli sxeuls<br />
gayrili eziareba sikvdil-sicocxlis qorwinebis diad saidumloebas.<br />
Tu ramdenad samZimoa Tavad sicocxleSive hadesis winaSe<br />
warsdgineba, amaze gamonaklisis gareSe iwereba yvela gamoCenil<br />
SemoqmedTan, oRond es xSirad pirdapir ar iTqmis da teqstSi<br />
`Securebul~, gamouqveynebel furclebzea dawerili.<br />
didi moazrovne paskali ase mianiSnebs, Tu ra didi Zalisxmeva<br />
sWirdeba adamians:<br />
204 205
138. – `garToba – sikvdili ufro advilia, roca<br />
sikvdilze ar fiqrob, vidre sikvdilze fiqri, roca sikvdili<br />
ar gemuqreba~. b. paskali `azrebi~, 229 gv. Targm. baCana<br />
bregvaZem.<br />
ras niSnavs hadesis sauflos gadalaxva, – da Tu rogoria<br />
misi qorwineba heliosTan – sicocxlis aRmtac dinebas-<br />
Tan, – Staineris sityvebiT ase gamoiTqmis:<br />
– `yoveli adamianisaTvis, visac surs umaRles Semecnebamde<br />
amaRldes, es SesaZlebloba odesme sinamdviled iqceva.<br />
adamiani im zRvars aRwevs, rodesac suli mas sicocxlis<br />
yvela gamovlinebas ganucxadebs viTarca sikvdils. imieridan<br />
igi ama soflad aRar imyofeba. igi ama soflis damarTqvesknelSi<br />
iZireba; aidSi – qvesknelSi mogzaurobisas ar<br />
daiRupeba, Tuki mas axali samyaro ganecxadeba. igi an am axal<br />
samyaroSi dainTqmeba, anda sakuTar Tavs gardasaxuli da<br />
fernacvali warmoudgeba. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi mas axali<br />
mze, axali dedamiwa moevlineba, sulieri cecxlidan misTvis<br />
mTeli sam yaro aRorZindeba~.<br />
r. Staineri `qristianoba, rogorc mistiuri faqti da<br />
uZvelesi misteriebi~, 21 gv.<br />
moris meterlinki ki Tavis idumal wignSi `ganZi TvinierTa~<br />
ase wers:<br />
– `Cveni sikvdilia Cvens sicocxles, rom warmarTavs da<br />
Cvens cxovrebasac sxva araferi aqvs miznad, Cveni sikvdilis<br />
garda, sikvdili is yalibia, romelSic Caedineba Cveni cxovreba<br />
da swored misiT yalibdeba misi saxe~.<br />
m. meterlinki `ganZi TvinierTa~ 32 gv. mTargmn. d. akriani<br />
xolo novalisi 47 am mistiur Sres aRwers, rogorc RvTis<br />
saCuqars:<br />
_ 14 `sicocxle sikvdilis dasawyisia. sicocxle sikvdilis<br />
gulisTvis arsebobs. sikvdili erTdroulad dasasruli<br />
da dasawyisia, ganSoreba da ufro axlo kavSiri. sikvdiliT<br />
gasruldeba reduqcia~.<br />
novalisi `yvavilTa mtveri~<br />
Cems piesaSi `xelovanis gza~ sikvdili da sicocxle,<br />
Tanatosi da heliosi gamoyvanilia rogorc daucilebeli<br />
megobrebi, urTierTmoyvarulni da erTmaneTis sulisCamdgmelni.<br />
da yvela didi Semoqmedi Zrwis sikvdilis diadi<br />
saxebis winaSe; am rTuli gzis gadalaxviT is RvTaebrivis<br />
saufloSi CaaRwevs, sadac is xelTampyrobeli xdeba yvela<br />
arsebul saganTa. TiTqosda mas heraklesaviT upyria dedamiwa<br />
da ase grZnobs is erTdroulad mzis mxurvalebasa da<br />
didebulebas, mTebis sicives, dedamiwis `usasrulo~ simcires<br />
kosmosis igavmiuwvdomeli usasrulobasTan mimarTebaSi. adamianis<br />
ubadrukobas, adamianis tragedias, rom is daibada da<br />
im bednierebasac, rasac adamianad yofna hqvia. magram, cxadia<br />
es gancda odnavac ver Seedreba im gancdas, rasac Cveulebrivi<br />
adamiani ganicdis yoveldRiurobidan gausvlelad. am dros<br />
Semoqmedi ganicdis im did simZimes, rasac samyaros yovladobaSi<br />
Cavardna hqvia da rasac mohyveba is aRmafrenac, rac<br />
niSneulia yvela SemoqmedisaTvis, da rac SeuZlebelia adamianur<br />
enaze vTargmnoT.<br />
Semoqmedi ki, romelzedac Cven vsaubrobT, Tumc gadis<br />
sikvdilis gzas da cxadia sicocxlis yvela gamovlenas<br />
moixilavs Tavisi sulismieri Tvalis winaSe. magram Semdgom<br />
is xelovnebaSi dauwereli da gardauvali kanonzomierebis<br />
gamo mopovebul sulier, mWvirvale samoselSi gaxvevs ambavs<br />
– siuJets, romelSic gamosWvivis Tavisi epoqis xma, – misi<br />
eniT, misi azrovnebiT, misi saTqmeliT – amitomac, is im mdgomareobas<br />
ufro da ufro Sordeba, razedac platoni saubrobs<br />
`fedonSi~ da rasac is wminda saxiT sibrZnis mopovebas<br />
uwodebs.<br />
48. Tanatosi<br />
48. Tanatosi – berZn. sikvdilis gansaxiereba.<br />
`Tanatosi Zilis RvTaebis, hipnosis tyupiscali iyo. igi<br />
206 207
niqsma (Ramem) Sva. mokvdavTaTvis da ukvdavTaTvis erTnairad<br />
saZulveli es pirquSi RvTaeba erTaderTi iyo, ZRvens rom<br />
ar iRebda. misi kulti dadasturebulia spartaSi.<br />
miTebSi Tanatosi komikur personaJad aris warmodgenili:<br />
mas asulelebs sazriani gmiri sisifosi; herakle orTabrZolaSi<br />
amarcxebs da Tavisuflebis wil alketisis sicocxles<br />
sTxovs.<br />
tragikosebs Tanatosi muqi mosasxamiT, frTebiTa da<br />
xelSi maxviliT gamohyavdaT scenaze. aseve warmosaxavdnen<br />
Tanatoss xelovnebaSi. xandaxan maxvilis nacvlad mas xelSi<br />
mimqrali CiraRdani eWira~.<br />
r. gordeziani `berZnuli miTebi~.<br />
dramaSi `xelovnebis gza~ Tanatosi – sikvdili gamosaxulia,<br />
rogorc adamianis sicocxlis uerTgulesi Tanamgzavri.<br />
misi arseboba adamians Sanss aZlevs sicocxlis sazrisi<br />
moipovos. mxolod mis winaSe dgomas ZaluZs adamians xorcieli<br />
Tvali daubrmavos da sulieri Tvali auxilos, amitomac<br />
is dramaSi moiazreba, rogorc sicocxlis diadi<br />
sunTqvis monawile da adamianis keTilmosurne mgzavri.<br />
is aris Semoqmedis mudmivi Tanamgzavri. is, vinc mas megzurobas<br />
uwevs, miRmuri samyaros karebs uxsnis da gahyavs<br />
xelovani im samyaroSi, sadac is SesZlebs Seqmnas nawarmoebi.<br />
amis gamo dramaSi mas bebiaqali ewodeba.<br />
49. heliosi – berZn. mzis RmerTi; titanebis, hiperionisa<br />
da Teas vaJi; selenesa da eosis Zma; romaul miTologiaSi<br />
misi Tanagvaria soli, romelsac xSirad apolonTan<br />
aigivebdnen.<br />
heliosi uZvelesi RvTaebaa. misi kulti olimpiuri pan-<br />
Teonis Camoyalibebamde arsebobda. berZenTa rwmeniT, igi sa-<br />
myaros macocxlebel Zalas flobda da TvalTa naTels<br />
arTmevda borotmoqmedebs. imyofeboda ra zecis TaRze, he-<br />
liosi Tval-yurs adevnebda RmerTebisa da adamianebis saq-<br />
meebs. swored amitom Searqves mas `yovlismxilveli~. (xa- (<br />
zgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe)<br />
heliosi cxovrobda didebul sasaxleSi, wlis droTa<br />
qalRmerTebiT garemoculi. miTosur kunZulze, romelsac<br />
Trinakia ewodeboda, balaxobdnen misi TeTrad manaTobeli<br />
xarebi (odisevsis Tanamgzavrebma rom dakles).<br />
dRisiT cecxlovan etlze amxedrebuli heliosi Tavs<br />
evleboda dedamiwas, mimwuxrisas ki okeanosis wminda wyleb-<br />
Si CaeSveboda da oqros naviT micuravda Tavisi amoxdomis<br />
adgilamde.<br />
mze-RmerTs mravali Svili hyavda. okeanosis asulma perseisma<br />
mas uSva aieti-kolxTa samefos skiptris mpyrobeli.<br />
jadoqari kirke da pasifae, kretis legendaruli mefis,<br />
minosis meuRle; nimfa klimenesgan helioss hyavda vaJi- fae-<br />
Toni da oTxi asuli; nimfa rodam ki mas Svidi Ze gauCina.<br />
helioss xSirad aigivebdnen mamamisTan, hiperionTan da<br />
amis gamo mis vaJiSvilebs hiperionidebsac uwodebdnen. Zv.w.<br />
V saukunidan ki heliosisa da apolonis kultebis Tanagvarobac<br />
SeiniSneba.<br />
Semoqmedni helioss mziT gabrwyinebul etlze aRzeveaRzeve- buls warmosaxavdnen. (xazgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe)~ r.gor- deziani `berZnuli miTebi~.<br />
dramaSi heliosi, ganasaxierebs Semoqmedis, sazogadod<br />
sulier gzaze mavalTa igavmiuwvdomel, meore sulismier<br />
mzes, romelic aris bebiaqali TanatosTan erTad. anu, mze<br />
da sikvdilia, is ori bebia-qali xelovans, rom miuZRvebian<br />
im RvTaebriv gzaze, didi Semoqmedeba rom ewodeba. dramaSi<br />
is `bnel oTaxSi~ gamoketes, anu simbolurad is yofierebis<br />
tusaRad aqcies anu yoveldRiurobis xmaursa da fuWsityvao-<br />
bas midevnebuli, iaffasiani xelovani mas ver `dainaxavda~.<br />
50. afrodite – berZn. olimpiuri religiis erT-erTi<br />
umTavresi RvTaeba, siyvarulisa da mSvenierebis qalRmerTi.<br />
208 209
omaul miTologiaSi mas aigiveben venusTan venusTan.<br />
afrodites dabadebis ori versia arsebobs. homerosis<br />
gadmocemis Tanaxmad, igi zevsisa da okeanid diones asulia.<br />
sxva, ufro gavrcelebuli versiiT, misi warmoSoba ukavSirdeba<br />
uranoss uranoss: rodesac kronosma basri adamantiT uranoss<br />
mohkveTa gasamravlebeli aso, igi zRvaSi moisrola. am asos<br />
garSemo zvirTi aqafda, xolo qafidan amoimarTa ulamazesi<br />
SiSveli qaliSvili, romelmac niJaraze mjdomma miaRwia kun-<br />
Zul kviprosamde. aq sixaruliT Seegebdnen mas droTa RvTa eba<br />
horebi da didebuli oqsinoTi Semoses da aRamaRles olimposis<br />
maRal RmerTebTan.<br />
misi mSvenebiT moxiblul RmerTebs aRfrTovanebuli<br />
SeZaxilebi aRmoxdaT. mas Semdeg marad axalgazrda, RvTaebaTagan<br />
silamaziT gamorCeuli afrodite olimposis binadaria.<br />
afrodites Tan mihyvebian weliwadis droTa cvlis<br />
meufe horebi horebi, momxiblavi qaritebi qaritebi. darwmunebis RvTaeba<br />
peiTo peiTo, celqi biWuna erosi erosi, qorwinebis mfarveli himeneosi<br />
da sxva maradiuli Zalebi.<br />
afrodites wels umSvenebs jadosnuri sartyeli,<br />
romelSic Caqsovilia siyvaruli, vneba, trfobis CurCuli,<br />
grZnobis gamxela, macduri sityva da yvela xibli.<br />
zevsma umSvenieresi afrodite miaTxova cecxlisa da<br />
mWedlobis RmerTs, koWl hefestoss. klasikuri periodis<br />
filosofosebi erTmaneTisgan ganasxvavebdnen afrodite pandemossa<br />
(uxeSi, vnebiani siyvarulis RvTaeba) da afrodite<br />
uranias (amaRlebuli siyvarulis RvTaeba). Sesabamisad, mas<br />
mravali miTi daukavSirda, sadac aisaxa siyvarulis qalRmer-<br />
Tis es ormxrivi xasiaTi.<br />
afroditesa da aresis sasiyvarulo kavSiris Sedegad<br />
daibadnen: harmonia, erosi erosi, anterosi, fobosi da deimosi.<br />
afrodites hermesisganac hyavda vaJi saxelad hermafroditosi.<br />
afrodites Seuyvarda mokvdavi anqizesi anqizesi, romlisganac<br />
SeeZina vaJi eneasi eneasi, romaelTa legendaruli winapari. misi<br />
sayvareli iyo finikieli Wabuki adonisic. igi mkacrad sjis<br />
maT, vinc siyvarulis Zalas uaryofs. ase dasaja man sikvdiliT<br />
hipolitosi, narkisosi (anu narcisi) narcisi).<br />
totemizmis kultis niSnebi afrodites kultSi gamovlinda<br />
imiT, rom mas, rogorc zRvis RvTaebas, eZRvneboda<br />
delfini: xolo rogorc nayofierebis RvTaebas – mtredi,<br />
beRura, kurdReli. siyvarulisa da nayofierebis mfarveli<br />
qalRmerTis mcenareebad asaxeleben: vards, yayaCos, vaSlsa<br />
da mirtas.<br />
r. gordeziani, `berZnuli miTebi~.<br />
drama erTi SexedviT, afrodites SemTxvevaSi berZnul<br />
miTs miuyveba. orive afrodite pirdapir scenazea naCvenebi,<br />
pirveli ganasaxierebs klasikis qmnilebaSi Cadebul mSvenierebis<br />
simbolos da rogorc araerTgzis aRvniSne _ yvela<br />
didi Semoqmedis, maT Soris TanamedroveTa srulyofili<br />
qmnilebis amaRlebuli saxea, romelSic RvTis sunTqva da<br />
gzneba ixazeba da sulieri, meore mzis sxivis naTeba xeluxleblad<br />
gamosWvivis. meore ki, dakninebuli, dacemuli da<br />
usaxuri saxea is, Tanamedrove iaffasian da modernistul<br />
xelovnebas gamosaxavs da sulac ar Takilobs intrigac ki<br />
gaxlarTos. jer erTi emanuelos didi Semoqmedis, amaRlebuli,<br />
ukvdavi sulis dacemas daisaxavs miznad. aseve fsiqeas<br />
ukvdav suls da mzis sxivis xeluxleblobis darRvevas<br />
ganizraxavs, raTa Seqmnas iaffasiani, slengiT dawerili teqstebi.<br />
afrodites dramaSi mxolod erTaderTi Svili hyavs –<br />
erosi, romelic masTan erTad qmnis qmnilebis Sinagan qsovils<br />
da xelovnebis nawarmoebis qmnadobis Tanamonawilea.<br />
5<strong>1.</strong> erosi<br />
5<strong>1.</strong> erosi (eroti). berZn. siyvarulis RvTaeba. romaul<br />
miTologiaSi misi saxelebia amuri da kupidoni.<br />
Tavdapirvelad eross RmerTTa Soris ar moixseniebdnen.<br />
mas miiCnevdnen pirvelyofil, TavadSobil kosmogoniur Zalad,<br />
romelic samyaros qmnadobisa da mowesrigebis Tanamonawile<br />
iyo. orfikosebis kosmogoniur TeoriebSi erosi iTvleboda<br />
210 211
SemoqmedebiT Zalad, romelic win uswrebda RmerTTa da adamianTa<br />
movlinebas. klasikuri epoqis filosofosebTan erosi<br />
ganasaxierebda adamianur swrafvas sikeTis Secnobisa da RvTaebrivi<br />
mSvenierebisadmi. mxolod Zv.S. VI saukunidan Cndeba<br />
miTosi, romelic eross olimpiur panTeonSi warmoadgens.<br />
miTografistTa umetesobis Tanaxmad, erosi afrodites Tanamgzavri<br />
ki ar aris mxolod, aramed misi Zea. rac Seexeba erosis<br />
mamas, aq ukve azrTa sxvadasxvaoba iCens Tavs. asaxelebdnen<br />
qaoss, zevss, aress. platoni da poeti Teokritosi gvarwmunebdnen,<br />
rom eross an ar hyavda mSoblebi, an ucnobia maTi<br />
saxelebi. mogvianebiT berZnebi ganarCevdnen uZveles, siyvarulis<br />
kosmogoniuri Zalis ganmasaxierebel eross afrodites<br />
mier Sobili siyvarulis RvTaebisagan, romelsac warmosaxavdnen<br />
patara, frTaSesxmul biWunad xelSi mSvildiTa da<br />
isrebiT. mis mier natyorcni isrebi RmerTebsa da adamianebs<br />
siyvarulis ZaliT avsebda. zogs es Zala bednierebas ani-<br />
Webda, zogs ki – tanjavda.<br />
erosis mSvenier gamosaxulebebs qmnidnen yvela drois<br />
mxatvrebi da moqandakeebi. mas xatavdnen larnakebze, kedlebze,<br />
TefSebze, beWdebsa Tu sxva samkaulebze. gansakuTrebuli<br />
popularobiT sargeblobda Tqmuleba erosisa da fsiqeas<br />
siyvarulze, romelic pirvelad Cv.w. II saukunis mwerlis,<br />
apuleusis `metamorfozebSi~ gamoCnda. mogvianebiT am siuJetze<br />
mravali drama da opera daiwera. r. gordeziani `ber-<br />
Znuli miTebi~.<br />
Zalian sainteresoa, rom `warmarTuli erosi gardaiqmna<br />
qristianul da Teofilead (RvTis siyvarulad) _ umaRles<br />
sibrZned, romelsac areopageli uwodebs `saRvTo nisls~.<br />
saRvTso nislis arsebobis codna ukve niSnavs imas, rom<br />
adamiani eswrafvis daeuflos umaRlesi sibrZnis aTvisebis<br />
gzebs.<br />
saRvTo nisli aris miuaxloebeli naTeli, romelSic,<br />
amboben, mkvidrobs RmerTi~. ( (xazgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe)<br />
j. SoSiaSvili `bizantiuri epistolografia da fsevdodionise<br />
areopagelis 48 werilebi~. gv. 62.<br />
`... siyvarulis didi RvTaebac _ `erosi~ uZveles RmerTTa<br />
(qaosi, gea, tartarosi) xomlSi Seracxili iyo jer kidev<br />
hesiodes mier. `axal aRTqmaSi~ da, mis kvaldakval, mTel<br />
qristologiur literaturaSi sabolood qreba `erosis~<br />
(`siyvaruli~) xseneba, da mis adgils meore berZnuli sityva<br />
`agape~ imkvidrebs, romelic amieridan `sulier siyvaruls~<br />
aRniSnavs, maSin rodesac `eross~ `xorcieli siyvarulis~<br />
mniSvnelobaRa rCeba~.<br />
b. bregvaZe `dro da maradisoba~, 356 gv.<br />
dramaSi erosis deda afroditea, mSvenierebisa da saTnoebis<br />
qalRmerTi, romelic gaordeba da gardaisaxeba Tanamedroveobis<br />
apokalifsuri Jamis xelovnebis simbolod – usaxurebis,<br />
Tavqarianobis da dacemulobis simbolod.<br />
dramaSi Tavad erosis gardasaxva xdeba. misi msaxureba<br />
mxolod siyvarulisgan daclili seqsis msaxurebaa, radgan<br />
mas aRar ZaluZs cis kabadonze amaRlebul, zeciur musikas<br />
ayolili nabijebiT frTosani fexebiT gairbinos da siyvaruli<br />
daamkvidros.<br />
ai, ras wers platoni Tavis SedevrSi `nadimi~:<br />
– `erosi miwieri afroditesi marTlac rom miwieria da<br />
aRviraxsnili. swored es erosi mefobs miwier kacTa Soris,<br />
romelnic ganurCevlad etrfian rogorc diacebs, ise yrme bsac,<br />
xolo visac etrfian, masSi sxeuli ufro xiblavT misi,<br />
vidre suli. Tavisi siyvarulis sagans isini yvelaze ufro<br />
Tavqarian arsebaTa Soris arCeven da, Tu vneba daicxres, naklebad<br />
dagideven kanonieris gziT miaRwies amas Tu ara~.<br />
platoni `nadimi~, 21 gv.<br />
52. `dionise<br />
52. `dionise – (baqkosi). berZn. Rvinis, Trobisa da sulieri<br />
Svebis momgvreli RvTaeba; mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobis<br />
mfarveli RmerTi; zevsisa da semeles Ze. romaul miTologiaSi<br />
mas baxuss uwodeben.<br />
212 213
dionisem mogvianebiT daimkvidra adgili olimpiur pan-<br />
TeonSi, Tumca xalxs Zlier uyvarda es mxiaruli RvTaeba.<br />
saqveynod iyo cnobili misi saocari dabadebis miTosi: zevss<br />
Seuyvarda Tebes mefis mSvenieri asuli semele da herasgan<br />
malulad xvdeboda xolme mas. rodesac caTa dedofalma es<br />
ambavi Seityo. semeles ZiZad, epidavrosel bebiaqalad gardaisaxa.<br />
semelem ZiZa Sin miiwvia. erTmaneTi rom moikiTxes,<br />
zevsic axsenes. ZiZad gardasaxulma heram ase daariga semele:<br />
is Tu zevsia, daafice stiqsis Zalebi, rom Tavisi saxiT<br />
gamogecxados. rodesac semeles TalamosSi mobrZanda zevsi.<br />
Seyvarebulma qalma sTxova, daefica stiqsis Zalebi, rom erT<br />
survils aRusrulebda. zevsma daifica. maSin semelem sTxova<br />
RmerTs, mieRo Tavisi WeSmariti saxe da ise mialerseboda.<br />
amoigmina zevsma da rac Sehfica, aRasrula: zecad<br />
aRzevda, Semoikriba saavdro Rrublebi, elva, mexi, Weqaquxili<br />
da cecxlis frqveviT gamoecxada sasikvdilod ganwirul<br />
semeles. mexistexaSi iferfleboda sabralo qali,<br />
romelic mucliT atarebda umwifar nayofs. Seebrala zevss<br />
Tavisi Cvili, amoiyvana dedis saSodan da TeZoSi Caisva.<br />
rodesac dionises qveynad movlenis dro dadga, kvlav daibada.<br />
swored amitom uwodeben mas `orgzis Sobils~.<br />
heras brZanebiT axalSobili dionise titanebma moitaces<br />
da aso-aso akuwes. misma didedam, ream ream, SviliSvilis sxeuli<br />
aRadgina da sasicocxlo suli STabera. zevsma, persefones<br />
sTxova, yuradReba ar moeklo dionisesTvis. man ki patara<br />
aRsazrdelad miabara semeles das, inos. aqac miagno heram.<br />
axla zevsma RmerTebis macne hermess sTxova misi mfarveloba.<br />
hermesma dionise droebiT ciknad gardasaxa da helikonis<br />
nimfebs mihgvara. nimfebma siyvaruliT gamozardes momavali<br />
RvTaeba. swored aq, helikonis tyis daburul nisas ferdobebze<br />
eziara dionise Rvinis damzadebis saidumlos, ramac mas<br />
samudamod gauTqva saxeli. bolosdabolos, heram Seiwynara<br />
dionise da olimpoze davanebis neba darTo, oRond goneba<br />
daubinda. dionisem ar isurva cisierebTan yofna, miwaze<br />
darCa da mraval qalaqs ewvia. mas Tavs vazisa da suros<br />
foTlebiT mownuli gvirgvini umSvenebda, xelSi jadosnuri<br />
kverTxi, Tirsosi, ekava, mxrebze Zowisferi qaTibi hqonda<br />
mosxmuli da Rvinis surneliT abruebda yvelas. dionises Tan<br />
sdevda moxuci silenosi, menadebis dasi da veluri satirebis<br />
brbo. mis TanmxlebTa Soris iyo panic panic. igi xSirad ukravda<br />
stvirze, xolo dionisem Semoiara egvipte, siria, indoeTi,<br />
bolos frigias ewvia, sadac reakibelem mis gonebas bindi<br />
Camoacila. man xalxs aswavla vazis movla, Rvinis dawurva.<br />
daaarsa didi qalaqebi da dauwesa kanonebi. cnobilia ambavi<br />
Tu rogor daatyveves mekobreebma dionise da man Tu rogor<br />
gardasaxa isini delfinebad.<br />
kunZul naqsosze dionisem ixila kretis mefis, minosis minosis,<br />
mSvenieri asuli ariadne ariadne, romelic Tesevsma miatova. man anuge-<br />
Sa mefis asuli, hefestos naxelavi gvirgvini uZRvna da<br />
colad SeirTo.<br />
bevri qveyana moiara kidev dionisem. bolos cad amaRlda,<br />
raTa mam-zevisaTvis daemSvenebina mxari. keriis mfarvelma<br />
qalRmerTma hestiam dauTmo mas saRmrTo sufrasTan Tavisi<br />
adgili.<br />
ase rom, olimpos Tormet RmerTs Soris dionise gvian<br />
damkvidrda, Tumca delfoSi mas apolonis Tanabar pativs<br />
miagebdnen. dionises mcenareul simboloebad iTvleboda vazis<br />
mtevani, da suro. cxovelur simboloebad – xari, cxeni da<br />
Txa.<br />
saberZneTSi mas mravali dResaswauli mieZRvna, rac ber-<br />
Znuli dramis aRmocenebis safuZvelic gaxda. dionises saxelTan<br />
dakavSirebul dResaswaulebs oTx tipad ajgufeben da<br />
maTSi Tavisi uaRresobiT gamohyofen e.w. did dionisiebs<br />
(`katagogia~ anu dionises Semosvla zRvidan). es iyo udidesi<br />
zeimi, romelic aTenSi Zv.w. VI saukunidan dafuZnda, zeimze<br />
gamodioda gundi (qoro), romelic asrulebda dionises sadidebul<br />
himnebs. maT `diTirambebs~ uwodebdnen., mogvianebiT<br />
diTirambosSi Sevida sadialogo partiac. ase warmoiSva<br />
214 215
pirveli sanaxaoba, romelic mogvianebiT tragediisa da komediis<br />
saxelwodebas miiRebs, yovelive es ki safuZvels<br />
daudebs Teatralur xelovnebas. sityva `tragedia~ iTargmneba,<br />
rogorc `Txis simRera~. misi Semsrulebeli msaxiobebi<br />
Txis tyaviT iyvnen Semosilni da dionises Tanamgzavrebs –<br />
satirebs ganasaxierebdnen. saxelwodeba `komedia~ ki momdinareobs<br />
sityvidan `komos~. ase ewodeboda im mxiarul procesias,<br />
romelic saerTo Rreobis Semdeg imarTeboda. am komosis<br />
monawileni uwmawur simRerebs mRerodnen da garSemomyofT<br />
dascinodnen.<br />
karnavaluroba, simRera, cekva, xotba, dacinva, cxoveluri<br />
niRbebi, transi uxsovari droidan axasiaTebda Zvel xalxTa<br />
ritualur msvlelobas.<br />
dionisuri dResaswaulebis damsaxureba isaa, rom man<br />
gaaerTiana yvela es elementi; seriozuli da araseriozuli,<br />
tragikuli da komikuri erTmaneTs daukavSira da sakulto<br />
ceremoniaTa stiqiurobidan gamomdinare profesionalur<br />
sanaxaobas daudo dasabami. ( (xazgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe).<br />
dionises mravali nawarmoebi mieZRvna. antikuri literaturidan<br />
aRsaniSnavia e.w. homerosis himni da evripides tragedia<br />
saxelwodebiT `bakqi qalebi~. Tavdapirvelad dionises<br />
warmoadgendnen wverebiani kacis saxiTa da grZeli samosiT.<br />
moyolebuli Zv.w. V saukunidan mas ukve lamaz Wabukad warmosaxaven,<br />
xandaxan axalSobiladac. sayovelTao aRiareba<br />
moipova praqsitelesis qandakebam, romelsac pirobiTad hqvia<br />
`hermesi Cvili dioniseTi~. larnakTa ferweraSi xSirad vxvdebiT<br />
tirsenieli mekobreebis miTosis Temas. mogvianebiT<br />
dionises araCveulebrivi Tavgadasavlebis saxelovan mxatvar-<br />
Ta, moqandakeTa Tu kompozitorTa STagonebis wyarod iqca.<br />
r. gordeziani `berZnuli miTebi~.<br />
`orfiuli mniSvnelobiT dionise da apoloni erTi da<br />
igive RmerTis ori sxvadasxva RmerTis gamocxadeba iyo. dionise<br />
gvevlineba ezoTerul WeSmaritebad, saganTa sawyisad da<br />
Sinagan arsad, romelic mxolod xeldasmulTaTvis aris mi-<br />
sawvdomi. is aris sicocxlis saidumlo, warsuli da momavali<br />
arsebobani, sxeulisadmi sulisa da miwierisadmi cis<br />
damokidebuleba.<br />
apoloni imave ideas ganasaxierebda, oRond miwier cxovrebasTan,<br />
sazogadoebriv wyobasTan kavSirSi. poeziis, medicinis<br />
da kanonmdeblobis STamagonebeli apoloni mecnierebaSi<br />
winaswarmetyvelebiT vlindeba, xelovnebaSi _ silamaziT,<br />
xalxTa bedisweraSi _ samarTlianobiT, eTikaSi – ganwmendiT~.<br />
e. Sure. `diadi xeldasmulni~ gv. 245.<br />
dionise dramaSi ganasaxierebs sicocxlis im gemos,<br />
riTac kacs uSualod cxovreba asaCuqrebs, – roca mas ambavi,<br />
gansacdeli gardaxdeba Tavs. is, am gamocdis Jams SeigrZnobs<br />
im mware-tkbil gemos JrJolvas, rac yofierebis<br />
farul dinebas dahyveba.<br />
dramaSi dionise – apolonisdarad gardaisaxeba TuTiyuSad,<br />
anu is gaxevebul da gaqvavebul robotad aris qceuli<br />
da es simboloa Tanamedrove iaffasian nawarmoebSi gamosaxuli<br />
cxovrebis faruli xmisa, – xelovnur da monotonur<br />
bgerad rom aris qceuli.<br />
53. evridike<br />
53. evridike – xis nimfas qaliSvili, legendaruli Semoqmedis<br />
orfeosis meuRle.<br />
(evridikisa da orfeosis ambavi ukve gadmoveciT – ix.<br />
orfeosi, _ r. gordeziani, `berZnuli miTebi~ naw. II.) dramaSi<br />
evridike gamoyvanilia gaorebuli saxiT. erTis mxriv is<br />
xatia, simboloa rafinirebuli, musikaluri da zeaRmtaci<br />
xelovnebisa. cxadia, es klasikaa, da ara marto klasikisa,<br />
aramed yvela im Tanamedrove WeSmariti xelovnebisa, (Tundac<br />
es pikasos kubisturi xanis qmnilebebi iyos). sityva Tanamedrove<br />
dramaSi, simbolurad gamoiyeneba, mdare da iaffasiani<br />
xelovnebis misamarTiT, dramis siuJetis gamosaxatavad)<br />
masSi evridike ganwmendili da Suqmfeni xatis saxiT monawileobs,<br />
rogorc cxovrebis sazrisi da kvintensacia. es maSin<br />
216 217
moxda, roca evridike daiZlia, anu roca orfeosma gvelis<br />
nakbeniT SesZlo mokvdineba da ciT xelaxla iSva.<br />
maSin roca meore evridike pirdapir gadmodis yoveldRiurobidan<br />
xelovnebaSi. amitomac gamoiyureba is ase sasacilod.<br />
asimetriulad aWrili kaba, gawyobili mwvane-brWyviala<br />
naWriT, qudis nacvlad ki puri adevs mwvane bumbulebiT<br />
gawyobili. satiri evridikes cxovrebas mTlianad iRebs Tavisi<br />
amaoebiTa da sacTuriT, amis dasturhyofaa, rom is<br />
evridikes mxlebel gvels wamdauwum kocnis.<br />
meore evridike ki ganasaxierebs cxovrebis yoveldRiurobas,<br />
monotonurobas, uazrobas, uwvrTnelobas. am xelovnebaSi<br />
adamiani uwrTvelni cxovelis donemdea dacemulebi.<br />
54. apoloni – berZn. olimpiuri religiis erT-erTi<br />
umTavresi RvTaeba; mzisa da sinaTlis ganmasaxierebeli<br />
RmerTi; winaswarmetyveli, mkurnali da xelovnebis mfarveli;<br />
zevsis Ze, artemisis tyupiscali.<br />
arsebobs mosazreba, rom zevsis kultis saboloo damkvidrebamde<br />
swored apoloni iyo uzenaesi RvTaeba. misi erTerTi<br />
epiTeti iyo `Turaiosi~ (`mekare~).<br />
radgan apolonis deda leto (apolonsa da artemideze<br />
fexmZime) devnili iyo herasgan, romelmac mas saSineli ur-<br />
Cxuli piToni miuCina. legendis Tanaxmad apolonma Suri iZia<br />
da mokla urCxuli.<br />
piToni deda-RvTaebis, geas Ze iyo da amitomac zevsma<br />
apolons mouwoda, ganwmendiliyo daRvrili sisxlisagan,<br />
xolo Semdeg piTonis pativsacemad daearsebina piTiuri asparezobani<br />
parezobani. ase moiqca apoloni. man daawesa piTiuri Sejibrebebi<br />
da daafuZna delfos taZari da samisno, romelic<br />
umniSvnelovanesi iyo misi kultisadmi miZRvnil sxva taZarTa<br />
Soris.<br />
delfos dideba Zv.w. VII saukunidan gansakuTrebiT izrdeba.<br />
igi iqceva berZenTa saerTo religiur da politikur<br />
centrad. delfos saxeli gascda elinur samyaros. aq modiodnen<br />
ara marto saberZneTidan, aramed sxva qveynebidan winaswaruwyebis<br />
mosasmenad. aq, samisnoSi, apolonis wminda<br />
samfexze ijda qurumi qali piTia da RmerTis nebas auwyebda<br />
mosulT.<br />
muzebs – Taliasa da uranias apolonma Causaxa linosi<br />
da orfevsi orfevsi. cnobili mkurnali asklepiosi asklepiosi.<br />
swored am asklepiosis gamo ganarisxa apolonma zevsi.<br />
imitom rom mkurnalma asklepiosma daiwyo micvalebulTa<br />
gacocxleba, riTac daarRvia samyaroSi arsebuli wesrigi da<br />
harmonia, zevsma igi elviT gangmira. Seuracxyofilma apolonma<br />
ki amoxoca kiklopebi – calTvala goliaTebi. ganrisxebul<br />
zevss surda samudamod Caegdo tartarosSi sinaTlis<br />
RvTaeba, magram Seibrala leto, romelmac sTxova, daendo<br />
maTi RvTaebrivi Ze. RmerTTa da kacTa ganmgebelma<br />
sasjeli Seumsubuqa apolons – TesaliaSi gagzavna da mefe<br />
admetossTan samsaxuri ubrZana.<br />
apoloni mTeli weli mwyemsavda samefo naxirs, xolo<br />
admetosi mas didi pativiscemiTa da mokrZalebiT epyroboda,<br />
rac daufasda kidec; apoloni miexmara mas, colad SeerTo<br />
mSvenieri alkestisi.<br />
apolonis saxelTan kidev mravali miTosia dakavSirebuli.<br />
maT Soris aRsaniSnavia: brZola gigantebTan, noibes SvilTa<br />
daRupva, troas omSi monawileoba, hermesis ZRveni, marsiasi marsiasi,<br />
kasandras dasja, nimfa dafnes Seyvareba, troas kedlis<br />
aSeneba da sxva.<br />
berZnuli religiis ganviTarebasTan erTad apolonis<br />
kultma STanTqa heliosis kulti.<br />
apoloni RmerTTa Soris ulamazesi iyo. maRalsa da<br />
axovans, oqrosTmians amSvenebda maradiuli axalgazrdoba da<br />
RvTaebrivad naTeli Tvalebi, romlebic sivrcisa da drois<br />
miRma imzirebodnen. (xazgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe) Sesabamisad,<br />
apoloni misnobis RvTaebac iyo. igi mfarvelobda naTel-<br />
218 219
mxilvelebs, momRerlebs, poetebs, romelTac `apolonis Svilebs~<br />
uwodebdnen. Tavad ki didebulad flobda berZnul<br />
simebian sakravze, kiTaraze dakvris xelovnebas.<br />
apoloni, rogorc poeziisa da musikis RvTaeba, muzaTa<br />
winamZRolad, anu musagetesad iTvleboda, muzebi, zevsisa da<br />
mnemosines (mexsierebis qalRmerTi) qaliSvilebi, helikonis<br />
an parnasosis mTaze ikribebodnen. drodadro olimposzec<br />
iwvevda xolme apoloni muzaTa dass. maSin RvTaebrivi sim-<br />
ReriT monusxul RmerTebs aviwydebodaT mtroba da SuRli.<br />
simSvide isadgurebda ukvdavTa samyofelSi.<br />
muzaTa dasSi apoloni kiTariT xelSia warmodgenili,<br />
grZeli samosiT, dafnis gvirgviniT.<br />
Tanamedrove evropaSi apoloni wesrigis, harmoniis, mSvenierebisa<br />
da gonierebis simbolod iqca, ramac Tavisi asaxva<br />
hpova nicSes TeoriaSi berZnuli kulturis ori sawyisis –<br />
apolonurisa da dionisuris Taobaze. rodesac saubroben<br />
berZnuli kulturis `apolonur sawyisze~ mxedvelobaSi aqvT<br />
misi racionaluri, sibrZnismieri Zirebi.<br />
r. gordeziani `berZnuli miTebi~.<br />
`sxivTamTovel RmerTs Seuyvarda nimfa dafne, daedevna,<br />
Seipyro, magram xelSive SeefoTla, xed iqca da amieridan<br />
dafna apolonis wminda xea, Rirsi pativisa, rom did xelovanTa<br />
da sardalTa Subli Seamkos~ (ov. met. I) a. gelovani<br />
`miTologiuri leqsikoni~, gv. 62<br />
im mxriv, rom apoloni iTvleba xelovnebis mfarvelad,<br />
drama berZnul miTs misdevs, magram mas dramaSi akisria nawarmoebSi<br />
idumlad CaRvrili sinaTlis, misi formisa da kompoziciis<br />
xelmZRvaneloba.<br />
dramis meore naxevarSi ki is gardaisaxeba TuTiyuSad,<br />
robotad, anu rogori `sinaTle~ `forma~ da `kompozicia~<br />
aqvs metismetad iaffasian, modernistul nawarmoebebs.<br />
55. eriniebi – berZn. SurisZiebis RvTaebebi, romlebic<br />
warmoiSvnen uranosis sisxlis wveTebidan. romaul miTologiaSi:<br />
furiebi.<br />
rodesac uranoss gasamravlebeli aso mokveTa kronosma,<br />
gadmonadenma sisxlma ukanasknelad gaanayofiera dedamiwa –<br />
gea, romelmac welTa brunvaSi Sva Surisgebis qalRmerTebi,<br />
eriniebi, gigantebi da nimfebi.<br />
eriniebi, gviandeli miTosis Tanaxmad, samni arian: tisifone,<br />
aleqto da megera. isini tartarosSi cxovroben da<br />
ganasaxierebden sindisis maradiul da damTrgunvel qenjnas,<br />
devnian codvilebs miwaze Tu miwis qveS.<br />
droTa ganmavlobaSi eriniebi gadaiqcnen damnaSaveTa sindisis<br />
qenjnis ganmasaxierebel RvTaebebad. monaniebisa da<br />
religiuri ganwmendis Semdeg codvili Tavisufldeboda eriniaTa<br />
devnisagan. TandaTan eriniebma keTilmowyale qalRmer-<br />
TTa funqciac SeiZines da evmenidebad gardaisaxnen. es maTi<br />
sakulto saxeli iyo atikaSi.<br />
r. gordeziani `berZnuli miTebi~<br />
eriniebi da evmenidebi dramaSi cal-calke gamodian<br />
scenaze. am SemTxvevaSi drama berZnul miTs miuyveba, radgan<br />
bolo moqmedebaSi eriniebi; SurisZiebis qalRmerTni aRtacebulni<br />
arian ra emanuelos ZalisxmeviT, anu imiT, rom man<br />
Tavisi cnobiereba-ganwmenda da sabolood hqreba kidec xelovnebis<br />
Tanamedrove samefoSi dafuZnebuli iluzia<br />
borotebisa, ris simbolosac satiri warmoadgenda. isini evmenidebs<br />
uerTdebian da maTi Surisgebis grZnoba gardaisaxeba<br />
da isinic saerTo sixaruls uerTdebian. dramaSi yvelaferi<br />
vedrebiTa da locvis madlmosili sulieri moZraobiT aResruleba.<br />
56. evmenidebi<br />
56. evmenidebi – berZn. (`keTilmosurne RvTaebebi~).<br />
eriniebi mas Semdeg, rac Sewyvetdnen codvilTa devnas,<br />
evmenidebad, keTilmosurne RvTaebebad, gardaisaxebodnen,<br />
220 221
adganac SurisZieba, garkveulwilad, wesrigisa da harmoniis<br />
aRdgenasac gulisxmobda. am dros eriniebi Tmobdnen<br />
TavianT borot arss da kanonis mfarvelTa funqcias iZendnen.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, berZnul naturfilosofiaSi evmenidebi<br />
`samarTlianobis meTvalyureTa~ gagebiT moiazrebian, radganac<br />
maTi nebis gareSe `Tavad mzesac ki ar SeuZlia sxivTafena<br />
zomaze metad~.<br />
evmenidebis kulti arsebobda aTenis areopagosze.<br />
r. gordeziani `berZnuli miTebi~<br />
57. piesis komentari:<br />
`Cemi Tvalebi carielia<br />
da ras vxedav am sicarieleSi?<br />
da es qaria, da es qaria, da es qaria.<br />
qari talRa qari vardi qari samSolo.<br />
da es ubralod araferia<br />
da araferi araferia~.<br />
J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~. gv. 34.-35<br />
Cemi Tvalebi carielia – emanuelo ambobs, Cemi sulierobis<br />
sarke carielia. am Tavzardamcemi frazis aRqmas SegvaZlebinebs<br />
fragmenti m. haidegeris Sedevridan:<br />
– `msoflio Ramis xanaSi unda aitano samyaros usayrde- usayrde-<br />
noba da unda gamoicado. es niSnavs, rom aucilebelia am<br />
xanaSi iyvnen iseTebi, vinc ufskrulSi CaeSveba~.<br />
m. haidegeri `risTvis vimRero?~ (rus. Targm. J.s.)<br />
da emanuelo sworedac is xelovania, vinc Tavisi droebis,<br />
msoflio Ramis wyvdiadSi gadawyvita ufskrulSi CaSveba,<br />
amitomacaa misi Tvalebi carieli. is vardeba im berw droSi,<br />
romelSic samyarouli sisavse veRar dainaxeba.<br />
da aq daismis mtanjveli kiTxva:<br />
– es niSnavs, rom emanuelos suli da guli ar aris mzad<br />
RmerTi ixilos?<br />
radgan, rogorc maTes saxarebaSi weria:<br />
5.8. maTe `netar iyvnen wmindani guliTa, rameTu maT<br />
RmerTi ixilon~.<br />
Teofilaqte bulgareli aseT komentars akeTebs:<br />
– `sarke mxolod maSin aireklavs saxes, Tu sufTaa, aseve<br />
RvTis ganWvretaca da saRvTo werilis gulisxmisyofac mxolod<br />
wminda sulisTvisaa misawvdomi~.<br />
magram emanuelos tragedia upirvelesad im epoqis Svilobaa,<br />
romelmac adamians miusaja samyaros usayrdenobis sazarloba<br />
da misi upirvelesi amocanaa, rogorc xelovanisTvis<br />
am gadasasvleli xidis daZleva.<br />
haidegeri Tavis SedevrSi ase agrZelebs samyaros usayrdenobis<br />
sazarlobis aRweras:<br />
– `msoflio dro, romelsac ar gaaCnia Ziri, ufskrulzea<br />
Camokidebuli~<br />
m. haidegeri `risTvis vimRero~ (rus. Targm. J.s.)<br />
RvTaebrivis ganqrobis sazareli gancda emanuelTan ganic- ganic-<br />
deba, rogorc qaris qrolva – es usayrdenobis gancdaa yovel<br />
sagans Tavzardamcem sicarieleSi, rom Caagdebs, – sadac is<br />
araravdeba, ganimqvreba. da emanuelo roca sakuTar TavSi<br />
ixedeba, aRasrulebs xelovanis – am maRali sulierobis<br />
amocana-sasjels – da is `ufskrulSi CaSvebuli~ ganWvrets<br />
im kosmosuri Ramis wyvdiads da ase ixilavs ganusxvaveblad<br />
yvela sagans: samSoblos, vards, zRvis talRas, viT sicarielesa<br />
da araferobas.<br />
am araferobis iqiT unda vigulisxmoT, is araferi,<br />
romelzedac haidegeri enigmur teqsts dawers:<br />
`Бытие – это не бог и не основа мира.<br />
Бытие – это ничто, ничто – сущее~.<br />
da SeiZleba, meore frazac moviSvelioT, raTa haidegerisive<br />
fraziT gavxsnaT es enigma. – `Бытие шире, чем сущее, и<br />
бытие человека, чем любое сущее, будто животное, произведение<br />
искусства, машин и будто ангел и бог~.<br />
`qaris qrolva~ es aris RmerTis mier Tavis wiaR, Tavis<br />
222 223
wre-brunvaSi ganqrobis dausrulebeli da Tavzardamcemi xati.<br />
Cven am xatis gansxvavebul interpretaciebs vicnobT, da<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom xatis interpretaciis dayvana ramodenime<br />
mniSvnelobaze ufro adamianis zedapirulobaze migvaniSnebs,<br />
me, mainc erT-erTze gavamaxvilebdi yuradRebas.<br />
qari – misi moZraobis kanonebi miuwvdomelia adamianisaTvis.<br />
ioane 3.8.<br />
qari – RmerTis ganaCeni es. 29.6.4<strong>1.</strong>16.<br />
qari RmerTisgan igzavneba, rogorc sasjeli codvebi-<br />
saTvis. 2 sj. 28; 38-42.<br />
haidegeris teqsts rom mivyveT: es dro daRdasmulia Rmer-<br />
Tis armosvliT Zvel qarTulad, es ase iTqmis: `piraSkmuloba<br />
RmrTisa~ – `imedgacrueba~ niSnavs, rogorc, haidegeri wers:<br />
`araviTar RmerTs ukve aRar ZaluZs saCinod da ase fxizlad<br />
Semoikribos Tavis irgvliv – adamianebi da sagnebi. da veRar<br />
aTanxmebs am SemokrebiT msoflio istorias da masSi adamianis<br />
myofobas veRar Caswers~. m. haidegeri `risTvis vimRero?~<br />
Targmani g. baramiZe.<br />
haidegeris es godeba ubrwyinvalesi musikaluri reqviemia,<br />
radgan Cven TiTqosda Cagvesmis harmoniuli samyaros eqosadmi<br />
da sinaTlisadmi nostalgia. am dausabamo sevdiT, usazomo<br />
da igavmiuwvdomeli mSvenierebis modena xdeba. ase gascdeba<br />
filosofia filosofiis zRvrebs da musikad gardaisaxeba.<br />
ai, am musikis fragmenti:<br />
– `... RmerTis imedgacruebaSi gamokrTeba raRac ufro<br />
saSineli. radgan ara marto RmerTebi wavidnen, aramed Ta-<br />
vad brwyinvaleba maTi RvTaebrivi cialisa Caqra msoflio<br />
istoriaSi~. m. haidegeri `risTvis vimRero?~ rus. Targm.<br />
J. siraZe.<br />
58. piesis komentari:<br />
`adamiani aravis da arafers ar hgavs~<br />
J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~ gv. 37.<br />
am frazis aRsaqmelad, upirvelesad unda gaTvaliswinebul<br />
iqnes, rom Cven xelovnebis warmosaxviT samyaroSi vimyofebiT<br />
da maSasadame, adamiani empiriul realobaSi ki ar moiazreba,<br />
aramed is am SemTxvevaSi esTetikuri fenomenia.<br />
es fraza lapidarulad asaxavs Tanamedrove xelovnebis<br />
TeoriaTa moTxovnebs. es aris konstantacia im `adamianurobisa~,<br />
razedac ortega-i-gaseti ase wers:<br />
– `... xedvis adamianuri wertili, wertili is wertilia, saidanac<br />
Cven ganvicdiT situaciebs, adamianebsa da sagnebs. cxadia, rom<br />
adamianuri, humanizirebuli gveCveneba yvela realoba – qali,<br />
peizaJi, bedi, – roca isini warmogvidgebian im perspeqtivaSi,<br />
romelSiac isini Cveulebriv ganicdebian~.<br />
ortega-i-gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~ 34 gv.<br />
`nacvlad imisa, rom SeZlebisdagvarad miuaxlovdes realobas,<br />
xelovani (cxadia, aq Tanamedrove xelovani igulisxmeba<br />
_ J.s.) piriqiT, mis winaaRmdeg ilaSqrebs: cdilobs Semusros<br />
adamianuri aspeqti, moaxdinos misi dehumanizacia.<br />
... vin mosTvlis, ramdeni <strong>ingliseli</strong> etrfoda jokondas,<br />
magram Tanamedrove suraTze gamosaxuli sagnebis SeTviseba<br />
ki SeuZlebelia: cocxali formebisgan, rom ganZarcva isini,<br />
mxatvarma daangria yvela xidi, dawva yvela xomaldi, romlebsac<br />
SeeZloT CvenTvis Cveul samyaroSi gadaveyvaneT~.<br />
ortega-i-gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~, 40 gv.<br />
da me isev, ortega-i-gasetis citirebas gavagrZeleb:<br />
`zogi, albaT imasac ityvis, rom amnair Sedegs advilad<br />
SeiZleba miaRwio. yovelgvari adamianuri formebisgan – kacis,<br />
saxlisa Tu mTisagan – sruli abstrahirebiT da imnairi gamosaxulebis<br />
SeqmniT, romelic arafers ara hgavs, arafers<br />
ar mogvagonebs (xazgasma ( Cemia _ J.s.), magram, jer erTi, es<br />
araracionaluria. vin icis, iqneb ornamentis yvelaze abstraqtul<br />
xazSi farulad feTqavs garkveul bunebriv formaTa<br />
bundovani mogoneba, da meorec, rac yvelaze arsebiTia, – xelovneba,<br />
romelzedac Cven vlaparakobT, araadamianuria, ara<br />
224 225
marto imitom, rom adamianur realobas ar Seicavs, aramed<br />
imitomac, rom principulad dehumanizaciis mimarTaa orientirebuli.<br />
adamianurobas rom gaurbis, misTvis imdenad mniSvnelovani<br />
rodia termini visTvis – ad quem ramdenadac<br />
termini a quo – risgan, riTi, is adamianuri aspeqti, romelsac<br />
TviTonve angrevs. saqme is ki araa, rom daxato raRac iseTi,<br />
rac srulebiT ara hgavs hgavs adamians, aramed is, is, rom rom daxato<br />
adamiani, rac SeiZleba naklebad rom emgvaneboda adamians~.<br />
(xazgasma Cemia _ J.s.)<br />
ortega-i-gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~, 41-44 gv.<br />
erTis SexedviT, Tanamedrove xelovneba mistiurobis<br />
umaRles safexurze megzurobas gviwevs. TiTqosda is Cveni<br />
pirovnulobisagan, adamianurobisgan gvanTavisuflebs, raTa<br />
Cvens sulSi RvTaebriv nebas adgili dauTmos.<br />
modiT, gavixsenoT ras wers vivekananda: – `...yoveli siyvaruli<br />
egoistobaa – meTaviseobaa, am sityvis yvelaze cudi<br />
gagebiT, rameTu me miyvars sakuTari Tavi, imitom miyvars sxva~.<br />
vivekananda `Zveli induri filosofia~ gv. 110. mTargmn. n.<br />
kenWoSvili.<br />
an, iqve:<br />
– `individualuri `me~ arsebobs, magram igi Crdilia im<br />
WeSmariti `me~-s miRma, rom mosCans. sakuTari `me~-s si-<br />
yvarulic macdurobaa eSmakisuli, rameTu igi SezRudulia~.<br />
s. vivekananda `Zveli induri filosofia~ gv. 11<strong>1.</strong> mTargmn.<br />
n. kenWoSvili.<br />
an:<br />
– `visac individualuri `me~ gaucnobiereblad, Seucnoblad<br />
uyvars, aseTi siyvaruli egoizmia. visac uyvars sakuTari<br />
individualuri `me~-s wvdoma, aseTi siyvaruli SeuzRudavi<br />
da SeuboWavia, aseTi pirovneba wmindania~.<br />
da TiTqosda, erTis SexedviT ortega-i-gasetic Tavisi<br />
azrebiT vivekanandas msgavsad umaRlesi, mistiuri safexurisken<br />
migviZRveba:<br />
– `pirovnuli, rogorc yvelaze adamianuri, yvelaze ufro<br />
gadaWriT uiariyofa `axali xelovnebis~ mier. amas gansakuTrebiT<br />
naTlad gvimowmebs musika da poezia.<br />
beThovenidan vagneramde50 musikis ZiriTadi Tema piradi<br />
grZnobebis gamoxatva gaxldaT.<br />
musika metad Tu naklebad, aRsareba iyo. amitom esTetikur<br />
tkbobas dawmendiloba aklda. jer kidev nicSe ambobda,<br />
rom musikaSi vnebebi TavianTive TaviT tkbebian. (xazgasma Cemia<br />
_ J. siraZe)~<br />
ortega-i-gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~. 51 gv.<br />
mivaqcioT yuradReba, – da xazi gavusvaT ukve moxmobil<br />
frazas.<br />
– `musika metad Tu naklebad aRsareba iyo... amitomac<br />
esTetikur tkbobas dawmendiloba aklda...~<br />
ortega-i-gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~,<br />
aRsareba Tu ortegasTvis mcdari gzaa, CvenTvis is individis<br />
ganTavisuflebis gzaa, radgan aRsarebis dros adamiani<br />
gadaabijebs Tavis individualur me-s. ase gauyveba Tavis sulismier<br />
gzas. da ase vnebebisgan wmends Tavis suls, Tu xelovani<br />
axerxebs aRsareba warmoTqvas Tavisi nawarmoebis<br />
meSveobiT, maSasadame, is adamianuri vnebebisgan ganTavisuflebuli<br />
sulis monaxazs gvTavazobs. gamodis, rom ortega-igaseti<br />
araswor komentars Semogvatyuebs.<br />
amitomac, arasworia, ortega _ i _ gasetis deklaracia<br />
rom aRsarebis SemTxvevaSi `esTetikur tkbobas dawmendi- dawmendi-<br />
loba aklda~.<br />
da aseve mcdaria ortega-i-gaseti, roca is cdilobs<br />
nicSes, metismetad froidistuli Canaweri moiSvelios da<br />
ase dagvarwmunos:<br />
– `... musikaSi vnebebi TavianTive TaviT tkbebian~.<br />
magram yvelaze didi iluziiT, maSin dagvapurebs ortegai-gaseti,<br />
roca is Tavis cnobil sentenciad qceul frazas<br />
gaaxmovanebs:<br />
– `poeti iwyeba iq, sadac mTavrdeba adamiani. erTis bedi<br />
226 227
Tavisi adamianuri gziT siarulia, meores misia – ararsebu- ararsebu-<br />
lis Seqmna~.<br />
ortega-i-gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~, 62 gv.<br />
marsel prustis, rogorc `wminda xelovanis gza~ gavixsenoT,<br />
raTa saTanadod gaviazroT is problema, romlis<br />
winaSe gvayenebs Tanamedrove xelovneba:<br />
– `... mxolod gulis siRrmeSi vgrZnobdi warsulis<br />
TrTolvas, warsulisa, romelsac ver vcnobdi~<br />
m. prusti `winasityvaoba sent-bevis winaaRmdeg~, 6 gv.<br />
an:<br />
– `vgrZnobdi, rogor meufleboda bedniereba da vmdidrdebodi<br />
am wminda substanciiT, romelsac wmindad SenarCunebuli<br />
wminda cxovrebis gardasuli STabeWdileba hqvia. da<br />
romlis Secnoba mxolod guldagul SenaxviT SeiZleba. mexsiereba<br />
gancdisas ver acnobierebs, radgan igi Tavisive<br />
STanTqmuli grZnobebis morevSi trialebs~.<br />
m. prusti `winasityvaoba sent-bevis winaaRmdeg~, gv. 7.<br />
erTis SexedviT Tanamedrove xelovnebas unda aRedgina<br />
swored es `gulis siRrmeSi myofi warsulis TrTolva~. TrTolva~ m.<br />
prusti.<br />
_ warsulis TrTolva, TrTolva romelsac Cveni yofierebiT<br />
dabinZurebuli grZnobebiT ver vwvdebiT. amitomac ase mkacrad<br />
wers platoni, Tavis RvTaebriv SedevrSi `fedonSi~:<br />
– `... xolo suli yvelaze ukeT azrovnebs maSin, roca<br />
araferi amRvrevs mas, arc smena, arc mzera, arc tkivili,<br />
arc sixaruli, roca inZarcvis da, SeZlebisamebr, Tavisufldeba<br />
sxeulisgan da Tavis TavSi oden STenili miiqceva arsebulis<br />
Wvretad~.<br />
platoni `fedoni~, 18 gv.<br />
an, sxvagan igive `fedonSi~ platoni wers:<br />
– `an vin miwvdeba masze wmindad da srulyofilad vinc<br />
mxolod gonebiT swvdeba TviTeul sagans, ise rom mzeras, an<br />
sxva grZnobas ar iSveliebs azrovnebisas, vinc mxolod<br />
wminda azriT, azriT Tavis TavSi, nadirobs Tavis TavSi ar-<br />
sebuli yoveli sagnis wminda arsze. radgan fuW iaraRad<br />
miaCnia Tvali, yuri, erTis sityviT, mTeli sxeuli...~<br />
platoni `fedoni~, 19 gv.<br />
magram Tanamedrove xelovneba sxeulisagan sulac ar<br />
ganZarcvavs adamians. arc wminda azrovnebiT ajildovebs, da<br />
arc (`gulis siRrmeSi myofi warsulis TrTolvas~ – m.<br />
prusti) SegvagrZnobinebs.<br />
saqme xom piriqiTaa., es arc Cveni halucinaciaa da arc<br />
gazviadeba. diax, roca Tanamedrove qmnilebebis umravlesobas<br />
ecnobi apaTia gipyrobs. imis nacvlad, rom maT mistiurobis<br />
maRal safexurze asvla SegvaZlebinos piriqiT, is Tavqve, im<br />
ufskrulisken migviZRveba, rasac n. berdiaevi zust dasazRvras<br />
mouZebnis:<br />
– `Tanamedrove xelovnebaSi suli TiTqosda mcirdeba,<br />
xolo xorci dematerializdeba~<br />
dematerializdeba~.<br />
n. berdiaevi, `xelovnebis krizisi~.<br />
sxvagvarad adamianurobisgan ganZarcvam Tanamedrove xelovanTa<br />
sulebi yofierebis umcires saganTa giganturad<br />
gazrdil samyaroTa rigebis tyved aqcia.<br />
a. kamiu ase werda:<br />
– `arsebobs tkbobis, pativmoyvareobis, egoizmis, an<br />
sulgrZelobis samyaroebi. samyaro gulisxmobs metafizikur<br />
sistemasa da gonebis ganwyobas~.<br />
a. kamiu `sizifes miTi~.<br />
da Cven SegviZlia saukeTeso nimuSi moviZioT da es ziuskindis<br />
gaxmaurebuli nawarmoebia `parfiumeri~.<br />
ai, ras wers cnobili literatori da poeti andro buaCiZe<br />
51 , Tavis SesaniSnav werilSi `<strong>genialuri</strong> parfiumeri~:<br />
– `Jan batist grenui ucnauri arsebaa. mas ara aqvs sakuTari<br />
suni, ara aqvs sakuTari aura. is bavSvobidanve aiTvaliswuna<br />
aRmzrdelma qalma, radgan usuno arsebad miaCnia.<br />
aseve iyo mogvianebiT grenuim xelovnurad Seqmna Tavisive<br />
suni~.<br />
andro buaCiZe `<strong>genialuri</strong> parfiumeri~.<br />
228 229
diax, <strong>genialuri</strong> parfiumeri – Jan batist grenui aravis<br />
da arafers hgavs. – ufro zustad ki, is yofierebis umciress<br />
saganTa qveS aris `gasresili~ – da ase wminda sulis<br />
nacvlad Cven giganturad gazrdil survilTa samyaroebs `veziarebiT~.<br />
59. piesis komentari:<br />
`mamis sikvdilma Tan gaiyola RvTaebrivi samyaros na-<br />
Teli<br />
da am sikeTiT naZerwi homo moralis!<br />
da misi Rirebulebani, misi harmoniuli nawilebi:<br />
sibrZne, simamace, keTilgoniereba da samarTlianoba<br />
rwmena, sasoeba da siyvaruli<br />
da maTi maerTi sindisis xma!~<br />
J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~, gv. 37.<br />
emanuelo CamoTvlis oTx siqveles, romelic klasikurma<br />
filosofiam memkvidreobiT miiRo aRmosavleTis mistiuri<br />
Sreebidan, rac Semdgom platonma Tavis srulqmnil dialogebSi<br />
`gaacocxla~ Semdeg maTi axali dalageba da interpretacia<br />
r. Stainerma SemogvTavaza _ `vardisa da jvris<br />
saidumloeba~-Si:<br />
_ `... yvelaze Rrma saidumloebebs platoni ar amJRavnebda,<br />
magram risi Tqmac SesaZ leblad miaCnda, man igi sokrates<br />
naazrevad warmogvidgina. imdroindeli evropuli ganviTarebis<br />
Sesabamisad, rodesac qristes impulsi dedamiwaze jer ar moqmedebda,<br />
platonma aRwera is umaRlesi saTnoebani, romelTac<br />
imdroindeli berZeni moraluri adamianisTvis upirveles<br />
aucileblobas miiCnevda.<br />
platoniseuli sami ZiriTadi saTnoeba gaxlavT: <strong>1.</strong> sibrZne,<br />
2. simamace anu gulovneba, 3. zomiereba anu keTilgoniereba<br />
(anu adamianis dafaruli vnebebis moTokva). dabolos, 4. meomeo- Txe saTnoebad platoni asaxelebs samarTlianobas, rogorc<br />
sami zemoxsenebeli saTnoebis harmoniul TanaSerwymas~.<br />
r. Staineri. `vardisa da jvris~ saidumloeba~, 58 gv.<br />
da r. Staineri, CamoTvlil saTnoebaT aseT komentirebas<br />
ukeTebs:<br />
_ `... usiyvarulod zeciur sasufevels ver daimkvidreb,<br />
Tundac oTxive saTnoebas flobde. davimaxsovroT is dro,<br />
rodesac kacobriobaSi STaiRvara impulsi, romlis wyalobiT<br />
sibrZne da simamace gansulierda da axleburad warmoCnda<br />
Cvens win, rogorc siyvaruli~, siyvaruli~ r. Staineri, `vardisa da<br />
jvris saidumloeba~. 58 gv.<br />
axal aRTqmaSi, ukve gveZleva is didi wyaloba, riTac<br />
yovelgvari saTnoeba siyvaruliT Seimosa da ase gamTlianda<br />
igi qristes saxiT dedamiwaze.<br />
`maTes saxareba~-Si vkiTxulobT:<br />
`xolo man uTxra mas: `Seiyvare ufali RmerTi Seni yovliTa<br />
guliTa SeniTa da yovliTa suliTa SeniTa da yovliv<br />
gonebiTa SeniTa~ maTe 22.37<br />
`es aris pirveli da didi mcneba~ maTe 22,38.<br />
`da meore amis msgavsi: Seiyvare moyvasi Seni, viTarca<br />
Tavi Seni~ maTe 22.39.<br />
`am or mcnebaze hkidia mTeli rjuli da winaswarmetyvelni~<br />
maTe 22.40.<br />
da yvelasaTvis nacnobi da Zvirfasi sityvebi, romlis<br />
winaSe mowiwebulni movidrikebiT: es aris mociqul pavles<br />
pirveli werili korinTelTa mimarT:<br />
_ `Tu me adamianTa da angelozTa enebiT vlaparakob,<br />
xolo siyvaruli ar gamaCnia, maSin JRaruna rvali var an<br />
Cxaruna winwila~.<br />
I korinTelTa 13.1<br />
_ `winaswarmetyvelebac rom mqondes, yoveli saidumlo<br />
da mTeli codnac rom vuwyo de, sruli rwmenac rom gqondes,<br />
iseTi, mTebis gadaadgileba rom SemeZlos, xolo siyvaruli<br />
ar gamaCndes, araraoba viqnebodi~.<br />
I korinTelTa 13,2<br />
a. tarkovskim swored pavle mociqulis am werilidan Tavis<br />
SedevrSi `andrei rubliov~-Si es amonaridi Seitana:<br />
230 231
_ `siyvaruli sulgrZelia, siyvaruli qvelmoqmedia, ar<br />
Surs, ar yoyoCobs, ar ampartavnos.<br />
I korinTelTa 14.4<br />
_ `ar sCasdis uwesobas, Tavisas ar eZiebs, ar risxdeba<br />
da ar ganizraxavs borots~.<br />
I korinTelTa 14.5<br />
_ `ar xarobs sicruiT, aramed WeSmariteba axarebs~<br />
I korinTelTa 14.6<br />
_ `yovelives itans, yvelaferi swams, yvelafris imedi<br />
aqvs da yovelives iTmens~<br />
I korinTelTa 14.7.<br />
_ `siyvaruli arasodes mTavrdeba; Tumca winaswarmetyvelebani<br />
gauqmdebian, enebi Sewydebian, codna gauqmdeba~.<br />
I korinTelTa 14:8.<br />
magram, aq CamoTvlili siqveleebidan Tanamedrove samyaros<br />
amoyiravebul modelSi yvelam nivelireba ganicada. a. tarkovski<br />
ase werda:<br />
`... laparakia gulgrilobaze sxvaTa mimarT. es ganurCevloba<br />
sxva adamianTa, es ignorireba am SemTxvevaSi gaigivebulia<br />
codvasTan RmerTis winaSe~.<br />
a. tarkovski Tavis `apokalifsSi~ werda:<br />
_ `moinanie kaci, anu, me vityodi sinanulis mdgomareobaSi<br />
myofi adamiani, _ ai, didi gzis dasawyisi~. a. tarkovski<br />
`apokalifsi~.<br />
faqtiurad emanuelo xan iwyebs am didi gzis dasawyisze<br />
dgomas, xan isev ukubrundeba.<br />
da roca dostoevskis mniSvnelobaze wers a. tarkovski52 ,<br />
ai, ras wers igi:<br />
_ `arsebobs erTi Sexeduleba dostoevskize, rogorc religiur<br />
mweralze, orTodoqsze, romelmac, faqtiurad, sruli<br />
masStabiT aRwera Tavisi Zieba da Ziebis gzaze mopovebuli<br />
rwmena; me mgonia es Sexeduleba arcTu mTlad zustia. misi<br />
didebuli aRmoCenebis mizezi ufro is aris, rom igi pirveli<br />
mweralia, romelmac TviTon ganvlo da TviTon Seicno su-<br />
lierobis dakargvis yvela problema~.<br />
a. tarkovski `apokalifsi~ mTargmn. d. akriani.<br />
emanuelo, _ am piesaSi `xelovanis gza~-Si Cafiqrebulia<br />
iseT gmirad, romelic sulierobis dakargvis yvela problemas<br />
ara marto gaiziarebs, aramed ganicdis da am gancda-gaazrebSi<br />
masSi kvdeba Zveli emanuelo da ibadeba axali, WeSmariti<br />
xelovani.<br />
60. piesis komentari:<br />
60. piesis komentari:<br />
`rogor CaeSva Tanamedrove xelovneba wyvdiad RameSi,<br />
am wyvdiad Rames, xelovnebis am Tavzardamcem kriziss,<br />
me vuwodeb<br />
apokalifsuri Jamis xelovnebas, biZaCemis, satiris sastiki<br />
mkvlelobis Sedegs~<br />
Jaklin siraZe, `xelovanis gza~ gv. 37.<br />
ai, ras wers n. berdiaevi apokalifsuri Jamis xelovnebis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
_ `mravali krizisi ganicada xelovnebam Tavisi istoriis<br />
manZilze,. gadasvlebi antikurobidan Sua saukuneebze<br />
da Sua saukuneebidan aRorZinebis xanaze erTmaneTis msgavsi<br />
Rrma krizisebiT aRiniSneboda. magram is, rac Cvens epoqaSi<br />
xdeba xelovnebis mimarT SeuZlebelia miekuTvnos erT-erT<br />
am krizisTagans~;<br />
n. berdiaevi, `xelovnebis krizisi~. mTargmn. m. WaxeliZe.<br />
da iqve wers igi, Tumca aq, mis nawers kategoriuli toni<br />
atyvia:<br />
_ `Cven saerTod xelovnebis krizisis pirispir vimyofebiT,<br />
misi aTaswliani safuZvlebis Zireuli Seryevis pirispir~.<br />
n. berdiaevi, `xelovnebis krizisi~.<br />
`xdeba adamianis SemoqmedebiTi aqtis ususurebis gacnobiereba,<br />
aris Seusabamoba SemoqmedebiT amocanasa da SemoqmedebiT<br />
ganxorcielebas Soris~.<br />
n. berdiaevi `xelovnebis krizisi~. mTargmn. m. WaxeliZe.<br />
232 233
6<strong>1.</strong> satirebi `berZn. tyis mcire RvTaebebi; nayofierebis<br />
demonebi, romlebic Tan sdevnidnen did dionises.<br />
satirebs CliqebiT daboloebuli fexebi hqondaT da<br />
welamde xSiri bewviT iyvnen dafarulni, kudic ki ebaT.<br />
welis zemoTa nawili adamianuri hqondaT, magram msxvili,<br />
wiTeli tuCebiT, Txis wveriTa da wawvetebuli yurebiT<br />
cxovelebs ufro emsgavsebodnen. zogierT satirs (satiross)<br />
panis msgavsad Tavs rqebic eba. es satirebi tyeSi nimfebTan<br />
erTobodnen, moxetiale yaribebs sxvadasxva oins uwyobdnen,<br />
mwyemsebs cxvrebsa da Txebs hparavdnen, miwis muSebs usafrTebodnen<br />
da afrTxobdnen. maTi sayvareli RmerTi iyo dionise,<br />
romelsac Turme bavSvobisas salamurze dakvriT arTobdnen.<br />
albaT amitom dionisesac gansakuTrebiT uyvarda es mxiaruli<br />
arsebebi, romelTac Rvinos asmevda da gverdidan ar<br />
icilebda.<br />
satirTa mudmivi atributebi iyo Tirsosebi, fleitebi,<br />
gudebi da Rvinis WurWeli.<br />
romaeli poetebi erTmaneTisgan aRar ganarCevdnen panebs,<br />
favnusebs, silenosebsa da satirebs.<br />
Tanamedrove metyvelebaSi satiri (satirosi) mTvrali da<br />
avxorci arsebis sinonimia~.<br />
r. gordeziani `berZnuli miTebi~.<br />
dramaSi satiri gamoyvanilia, rogorc Tanamedrove iaffasiani,<br />
uazro da mdare literaturis warmomadgenlad,<br />
romelic emorCileba Tanamedrove samyaros mTavar princips<br />
– siamovnebas da rasac nebis Tavisuflebad asaRebs.<br />
amitomac iqca is Tanamedrove samyaros meufed, – mTavar<br />
poetad. is amasTanav mkvlelia Tavisi naxvarZmis orfeosisa.<br />
cxadia, berZnuli miTis mixedviT es SeuZlebelia, magram<br />
rogorc aRvniSne, axalma saTqmelma miTs axali saxe misca.<br />
62. piesis komentari:<br />
`es tkivils ewvnis, rom davibade<br />
am ucxo samyaroSi:<br />
me xom aq mciva, me xom aq mciva! me xom aq mciva!<br />
TiTqos RmerTis diadi saxli mivatove<br />
da vin var me? arseba, romelsac lodi sress?<br />
(gulze xels moikidebs)<br />
_ aq xom taZari unda aagon,<br />
Tu me Tavad, me var lodi?<br />
es igivea! es igivea! es igivea!~<br />
J. siraZe, `xelovanis gza~ gv. 43.<br />
martin haidegeri Tavis gaxmaurebul esse-iSi ase aRwers<br />
am Tavzardamcem gaToSilobaSi adamianis Cagdebulobas:<br />
`Íî÷ü ìèðà øèðèò ñâîè ìðàê. Ýòà âðåìÿ ìèðà îïðåäåëåíî<br />
íåïðèõîäîì áîãà, `çèÿíèåì – Áîãà~. ...Çèÿíèå áîãà îçíà÷àåò,<br />
÷òî íèêàêîé Áîã óæå íå ñîáèðàåò _ çðèìî è ëàäíî _ ëþäåé<br />
è âåùåé âîêðóã ñåáÿ è íå ëàäèò èç ýòîãî ñîáèðàíèÿ ìèðîâóþ<br />
èñòîðèþ è ïðåáûâàíèå â íåé ÷åëîâåêà. Íî â çèÿíèè áîãà<br />
âûÿâëÿåòñÿ è íå÷òî êóäà áîëåå óæàñíîå. Íå òîëüêî óøëè<br />
áîãè è áîã, íî è ñàìî ñèÿíèå áîæåñòâåííîñòè óãàñëî â<br />
ìèðîâîé èñòîðèè. Íî÷íîå âðåìÿ ìèðà _ ñêóäíîå âðåìÿ, èáî<br />
ñòàíîâèòñÿ âñå ñêóäíåå. Îíî óæå ñòîëü ñêóäíî, ÷òî áîëüøå<br />
íå â ñîñòîÿíèè çàìåòèòü çèÿíèå áîãà êàê çèÿíèå~.<br />
Ì. Õàéäåããåð, `Ïåòü _ äëÿ ÷åãî~, 181 ñòð.<br />
haidegeri wers, rom msoflio Ramis berwi dro imdenad<br />
berwdeba, rom Tavad dros aRar ZaluZs SeamCnios RmerTis<br />
imedgacruebaSi imedgacrueba.<br />
sainteresoa, rom haidegeri wers, rom berw dros ar<br />
SeuZlia SeamCnios _ RmerTis imedgacrueba, Tumca samyaros<br />
harmoniul droebaSi, _ logikuria, mas unda daewera, rom<br />
adamians ar ZaluZs SeamCnios RmerTis imedgacrueba. amiT, is<br />
iTqmis, rom adamiani Cagdebulia berwi drois nakadSi da rom,<br />
is am nakadidan veRar xedavs, ufro zusti iqneboda gveTqva, is<br />
veRar Wvrets Tavis myofobas, veRar wvdeba mas da amitomac,<br />
misi sityvebi gaorebuli teqstis nawilia.<br />
TiTqos es erTgvari perifrazaa heraklites cnobili<br />
frazisa:<br />
234 235
`sad wauxval maraduqrob cecxls?~<br />
magram, heraklites moguduli qviTini brbosadmi aris<br />
mimarTuli, maSin, roca berw droSi _ es TvalRia brmoba<br />
yvelasTvis erTnairad maxasiaTebelia. TiTqosda, adamiani Sehyurebs<br />
mzes da verc Sehyurebs mzes.<br />
modi gavimeoreb teqsts:<br />
`es tkivils ewvnis,<br />
rom davibade, am ucxo samyaroSi<br />
me xom aq mciva! me xom aq mciva! me xom aq mciva!~<br />
J. siraZe, `xelovanis gza~ gv. 43.<br />
es mZime da iqneb yvelaze rTuli teqstia, radgan aq emanuelos<br />
gaorebis mTeli simZime gamosWvivis,.<br />
is Tavzardamcemi da SemaZrwunebeli sicive, rac gaorebas<br />
axlavs da is, rac RmerTisgan gandgomas mosdevs. es gaurkvevloba,<br />
es dabneuloba, sulis gaxleCilobaa, roca suli sakuTar<br />
Tavs ver cnobs.<br />
a. kamiu ase wers:<br />
`TviT es gulic saguleSi rom miZgers, samudamod Seuc- Seuc-<br />
nobeli darCeba CemTvis~.<br />
TiTqos pol valeri imave saTqmels odnav sxvagvar formas<br />
aZlevs:<br />
`frTxilad! is vinc Sens gulSi laparakobs, Senze ukeT<br />
rodi icnobs mas~.<br />
p. valeri, `rCeuli proza~. <strong>148</strong> gv.<br />
emanuelom aRar icis, TviTon aris is, vinc unda gaiTelos,<br />
Tu Tavad aris am gaTelvis Semoqmedi. ase kargavs RmerTisgan<br />
gandgomili adamiani samyaros sazriss da Tavisi raobis<br />
wvdomis unars, radgan azris sizuste sxva araferia, Tu ara<br />
RmerTis saCuqari. anu RvTis saCuqari ar ayovnebs, roca Cven<br />
codvil `mes~ ukuvagdebT da Cven Cveni nebisgan ganvdgebiT<br />
piesis teqstSi weria:<br />
`RmerTis diadi saxli mivatove~<br />
J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~<br />
am sityvebiT, isev gamJRavndeba, rom emanuelo Tanamedrove<br />
xelovnebis krebiTi saxea, RmerTis igavmiuwvdomeli,<br />
STagonebis gzaze gasvlas Tavad win rom aRudga, Tavisi<br />
gajiutebiT msoflio Ramis siciveSi, Tavzardamcemis Ramis<br />
wyvdiadSi rom Caemwyvda, sadac samyaros sagnebi ufskrulze<br />
Camoekidnen, da sadac SeuZlebelia sagani sagans hgavdes _<br />
emanuelos gaoreba da gaurkvevloba gvTavazobs samyaros amoyi-<br />
ravebul models da sulac kanonzomieria, _ rom man masSi,<br />
(Tumca droebiT) myofma emanuelom ar icis vin aris?<br />
63. `narkisosi (narcisi) – berZn. mSvenieri Wabuki; zRvis<br />
RmerTis, kefisosis da naiada liriopes vaJi.<br />
narkisosma Tavisi gamosaxuleba ixila wyalSi, Seiyvara<br />
da am siyvaruliT dalia suli. RmerTebma igi yvavilad gardasaxes<br />
da am mSvenier yvavils misi saxeli uwodes (ix. eqo).<br />
narkisosis miToszea Seqmnili kalderonis dramebi, glukisa<br />
da skarlatis operebi da sxva.<br />
gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT narkisoss (narciss) uwodeben<br />
sakuTar Tavze Seyvarebul adamians. r. gordeziani `berZnuli<br />
miTebi~.<br />
dramaSi narcisi gaigivebulia klasikosebTan, da aseve<br />
yvela WeSmarit xelovanTan, ara aqvs arsebiTi mniSvneloba<br />
is Tanamedrovea, Tu sxva saukuneSi mcxovrebi xelovani, arsebiTia,<br />
rom maTi Semoqmedeba RvTaebrivis gznebas efuZneba<br />
da sulismier meore mzis gzas miuyveba.<br />
dramaSi narcisi igive goeTea, igive galaktioni, igive<br />
Sopeni, igive... xelovani – Tavis Semoqmedebas sakuTari gamosaxulebis<br />
xilviT aRasrulebs. kvdoma da yvavilad qceva, es<br />
aris xelovanis mier miwieri aRsasrulis gancda da misi<br />
sulieri aRorZinebis maCvenebeli. yvavilebi es sulismieri<br />
gzis gamosaxebis simboloa, sulis gamJRavneba Tavis umSvenieres<br />
formaSi.<br />
Tumca berZnuli miTis mixedviT narciss arc Svili da<br />
236 237
arc gamgrZelebeli ar hyolia, magram dramaSi mas rogorc<br />
klasikis damfuZnebels hyavs Tavisi sulieri Svilebi da<br />
gamgrZeleblebi. dramaSi ikveTeba orfeosi da cxadia emanuelos<br />
dabneuli suli sabolood mamis gzas miuyveba.<br />
64. piesis komentari:<br />
dascinodiT Seqspirs, da mas uwodebdiT<br />
anc biWunas da uvic dramaturgs~.<br />
J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~, gv. 55.<br />
nikoloz berdiaevi werda:<br />
`adamianis kulturas Tavis mwvervalze gaaCnia dauZleveli<br />
midrekileba dacemisaken, dekadensisaken, gamofitulobisken.<br />
ase iyo did antikur kulturaSi, romelic arsebiTad warmogvidgeba,<br />
rogorc nebismieri kulturis maradiuli wyaro,<br />
igive xdeba axali samyaros kulturaSic~.<br />
n. berdiaevi, `xelovnebis krizisi~, gv. 196.<br />
da, Tu vinme warmoadgens klasikis gvirgvins, upirveles<br />
yovlisa es <strong>Seqspiri</strong>a, da logikuri iqneboda, Tanamedrove<br />
samyaros TavisTavSi aRmoeCina is Zala, riTac Seqspirs<br />
gaamaxsrebda. magram saswauli aRsrulda, iqneb didi saswaulic,<br />
radgan Seqspirma, rogorc universalurma dramaturgma<br />
da poetma SeinarCuna Tavisi Zalmosileba. is azrovnebis<br />
umaRles sferos gvaziarebs maSinac ki, roca samefo karis<br />
intrigebze mogviTxrobs. misi naweri gajerebulia mistikisa<br />
da cxovrebiseuli `codnis~ SeuZlebeli da daujerebeli<br />
urTierTSerwymiT da mainc, yvelaze didi saocreba masSi<br />
isaa, rom cxovrebis yvela wvrilmanis ase ubadlo aRmweri<br />
ostatis yoveli cTomisa da borotebis ase mZafrad mxedvelis<br />
iqiT, yovelTvis igrZnoba <strong>Seqspiri</strong>s alter ego _ miwierobas<br />
mowyvetili beris is Wvreta _ Zalian Soreuli,<br />
zeciuri sauflos gamToSavi sicividan rom dahyurebs adamianTa<br />
cxovrebas.<br />
<strong>Seqspiri</strong>s universalurobam SesZlo kanonzomierebis dar-<br />
Rveva _ da is gamonaklisad darCa. xolo, rac Seexeba piesis<br />
frazas, is avtoris, anu Cemi (J. siraZis) warmosaxvaa, _ da<br />
ar Seesabameba sinamdviles.<br />
65. hegeli – (1770-1831) –filosofosi, klasikuri germanuli<br />
filosofiis udidesi warmomadgeneli.<br />
66. piesis komentari:<br />
piesis komentari:<br />
`xelovnebis samefo Seicvala<br />
ufro zusti iqneboda meTqva,<br />
es samyaro amoyiravda<br />
da is, rac siRrmeSi ido,<br />
exla zedapirze devs~.<br />
`xelovanis gza~ J. siraZe. gv. 58.<br />
Cveni drois moazrovneebi am amoyiravebuli samyaros<br />
model Si moRvaweoben da rac, ar unda didi iyos moazrovne,<br />
misi naweri mainc im Sefasebas ver ascdeba, rogoradac oqtavio<br />
pasi Seafasebs ortega i gasetis Semoqmedebas:<br />
`ortega-i-gasetis kiTxva igivea, rac rTul gzaze bundovani<br />
miznisken siaruli~.<br />
radgan Tanamedrove samyaroSi, rogorc ortega wers:<br />
_ ` ìèðå åñòü ñåé÷àñ îäèí âåëèêèé áîëüíîé íàõîäÿùèéñÿ<br />
íà êðàþ ãèáåëè. ýòî _ èñòèíà~. Îðòåãà-È-Ãàññåò.<br />
nuTu SesaZloa ki Seicvalos samyaro? an xom ar aris<br />
gazviadeba, rom samyaro `amoyiravda?~ da rom faseulobebi<br />
uwonadoni Seiqmnen?<br />
ai, ras wers Rrmadmorwmune nikoloz berdiaevi, romelic<br />
ase naTlad Wvrets movlenebs da romlis msjelobas ZaluZs<br />
mtkivneulad Tvali agvixilos da Segvacnobinos Tu ramdenad<br />
pasuxismgebelni varT adamianebi samyaros winaSe, _ da ramdenad<br />
ganapirobebs Cveni Tavisufali arCevani mis beds.<br />
`Îøèáî÷íî äóìàòü, ÷òî ÷åëîâå÷åñòâî æèâåò â îäíîì è<br />
òîì æå îáúåêòèâíîì, äàííîì èçâíå ìèðå; ÷åëîâåê æèâåò<br />
â ðàçíûõ, ÷àñòî ôèêòèâíûõ ìèðàõ, íåñîîòâåòñòâóþøèõ,<br />
238 239
åñëè èõ âçÿòü â îòäåëüíîñòè, ñëîæíîé è ìíîãîîáðàçíîé<br />
äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè. Äîëÿ ôèêòèâíîñòè è ôàíòàñìàãîðè÷íîñòè<br />
îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ñòåïåíüþ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíîé ñîñðåäîòî÷íåííîñòè<br />
íà îäíîì, âûòåñíÿþøåì âñå îñòàëüíîå~.<br />
Í. Áåðäÿåâ, `Öàðñòâî äóõà è öàðñòâî êåñàðÿ~.<br />
piesaSi swored am Tanamedrove samyaroze _ Tanamedrove<br />
xelovnebis warmosaxviT samyarozea saubari, romelic raRac<br />
ucnaurobiT yofierebis Semzarav CarCoebSia gamomwyvdeuli.<br />
masSi RmerTis nacvlad wammarTvelia sikvdilis SiSis usazomod<br />
gazrdili fantomi.<br />
yofierebis CarCoebSi rom aris gamoketili Tanamedrove<br />
samyaro,. amaze metyvelebs televizoris warmosaxviTi sarke,<br />
romlis Tvalis midevnebisas aRmoaCen, rom Tanamedrove laroSfuko,<br />
monteni, Jan de la bruieri 53 , Tu paskali, Tavis genialur,<br />
elvare maqsimebsa Tu azrebs dRes mxolooden yoveldRiurobis<br />
mosaxmarebel saganTa kideebze ganaTavseben.<br />
67. gv. 60. ix. gv. 207-is komentari 47.<br />
68. piesis komentari:<br />
`ar arsebobs sxvaoba<br />
STagonebul poetTa<br />
survilTa sigrZeSi~<br />
J. siraZe. `xelovanis gza~ gv. 60.<br />
cota ar iyos ugergilo gamonaTqvamia, survili ki ar<br />
warmarTavs poets, da, arc WeSmariti azrovneba ar miiRweva<br />
ndomiT, aramed masSi warmmarTvelia _ usurvilobaa, anu _<br />
ara ndoma.<br />
amiT is iTqmis, rom yoveli WeSmariti azrovneba nebis<br />
miRma dgas _ (rogorc amas haidegeri ambobs). yoveli WeSmariti<br />
poetis leqsic `usurvilobidan~ warmodgeba.<br />
amitomac wers platoni erTi SexedviT ucnaur frazas<br />
`did hipia~-Si:<br />
_ `...WeSmarit poeti, roca Txzavs, gamogonilisagan,mi- mi-<br />
Tisagan Txzavs da ara namdvilisagan~.<br />
platoni. `didi hipia~<br />
anu, gamogonil ambavSi, miTSi poetis survili an, ndoma<br />
ki ar moZraobs, aramed is umaRlesi goni, romelsac iogebi<br />
RvTaebriv naperwkals uwodeben, an sulis suls, esaa yovelgvari<br />
survili-ndomisagan ganZarcvuli suli.<br />
_ `masSi moqmedebs es sayovelTao, romelic ase Tanabrad<br />
gamodgeba yoveli calkeulisTvis. aris yovelTvis yovlad<br />
Tanabari, Tanabrad gulgrili, anu is arsi, romelic verasodes<br />
gaxdeba arsebiTi~. m. haidegeri `hiolderlini54 da<br />
poeziis arsi~.<br />
anu yoveli poeti im erTaderTis, maraducvleli da igiveobrivis,<br />
_ Tanabrad gulgrilis, RvTaebrivi naTelis winaSe<br />
dgas, _ rogorc marad erTgvarovani erTis usasrulo<br />
mwkrivis, marad ganaxlebadi igiveoba.<br />
r. muzili55 ase wers:<br />
` _ poeziis simaRle is mwvervali ki ar aris, dausrulebliv<br />
zeviT rom miiwevs, poeziis simaRle wrea, romelSic<br />
arsebobs mxolod gansxvavebulTa igiveoba~.<br />
gansxvavebulTa igiveoba _ es RvTaebrivi gznebis, maraducvleli<br />
da waruvali nebaa.<br />
69. teqsti piesaSi ase grZeldeba:<br />
` _ es usasrulobaa nulebiT<br />
warmodgenili<br />
varskvlavebiT moWedili ca~.<br />
`xelovanis gza~ _ J. siraZe gv. 60.<br />
_ usasrulobis nulebiT gamosaxva, cxadia, simboluri<br />
gamoxatulebaa RvTaebrivi universalurobisa.<br />
70. piesis komentari:<br />
70. piesis komentari:<br />
`samyaro bnelia da mas ori RmerTi warmarTavs:<br />
SemTxveviTebus da evoluciuss~.<br />
240 241
J. siraZe, `xelovanis gza~ gv. 67.<br />
me aq isev gavixseneb nikoloz berdiaevis mosazrebas:<br />
_ `Îøèáî÷íî äóìàòü, ÷òî ÷åëîâå÷åñòâî æèâåò â îäíîì<br />
è òîì æå îáúåêòèâíîì äàííîì èçâíå ìèðå. ×åëîâåê æèâåò<br />
â ðàçíûõ, ÷àñòî ôèêòèâíûõ ìèðàõ, íå ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ,<br />
åñëè èõ âçÿòü â îòäåëüíîñòè, ñëîæíîé è ìíîãîîáðàçíîé<br />
äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè.<br />
Í.À. Áåðäÿåâ, `Öàðñòâî äóõà è öàðñòâî êåñàðÿ~, 292<br />
ñòð.<br />
mwvave gancda meufleba am civi gansjis Semdgom, rom<br />
adamiani `dRes~ fiqtiurad, koSmaruli samyaros pirmSoa da<br />
Cems Tavs davekiTxe: ratom amoiwura dRevandeli adamianis<br />
sulieroba da ratom iSveliebs is or xelovnur sabjens _<br />
SemTxveviTobasa da evoluciis Teoriebs?<br />
SemTxveviTobus _ da Tumca magaliTebis moZieba usasru-<br />
lod SeiZleba.<br />
magram me yvelaze cnobils, da yvelaze naTel magaliTs<br />
moviSvelieb da cxadia, es alber kamius esei-dan `sizifes<br />
miTi~-dan aris:<br />
`absurdi, romelic aqamde daskvnad iyo miCneuli, am esseSi<br />
aTvlis wertilad gvevlineba~.<br />
a. kamiu, `sizifes miTi~, 31 gv.<br />
absurdi SemTxveviTobis gamoxatuleba da dadasturebaa.<br />
igi samyaros saganTa kanonzomier, aucilebel kavSirs waSlis,<br />
da mas uazrobad da moCvenebad dagvanaxvebs.<br />
SemTxveviToba uRmerTo samyaros wesrigia, romelSic<br />
mimdinare movlenebi arc kanonzormieria, da arc mizez-Sedegobrivi.<br />
SemTxveviToba Tavis yovel gamovlenas absurdis<br />
koSmaruli aCrdiliT gvidasturebs. magram ratom gausvams<br />
xazs a. kamiu, rom absurdi, aTvlis wertilia da araviTar<br />
SemTxvevaSi daskvna?<br />
radgan aTvlis wertili, rogorc TviTon a. kamiu amave<br />
essei-Si (`sizifes miTSi~) ganmartavs, aris erTaderTi makav-<br />
Sirebeli adamiansa da samyaros Soris, gadaulaxavi barieri,<br />
anu unda gaviazroT adamianis ara arsi, aramed cxovreba. da es<br />
(a. kamius azriT) gaucxoebis kedelia, amitomac is erTaderTi<br />
SesaZlo aTvlis wertilia, anu a. kamiusTvis is ganwmendili,<br />
wminda sulis gamovlenas ki ar warmoadgens aramed sxeulis<br />
usazomod gazrdil survilTagan Seqmnil samyaroTa rigebs.<br />
survilTa sxvadasxva samyaroTa jams. ai, ras wers a. kamiu:<br />
`did-didi grZnobebi mudam Tan daatareben TavianT samyaros,<br />
didebulsa Tu ubadruks, isini TavianTi vnebiT anaTeben<br />
qveyanas, sadac kvlav pouloben TavianT sargo havas. arsebo<br />
ben tkbobis, pativmoyvareobis, egoizmis an sulgrZelobis<br />
samyaroebi~.<br />
a. kamiu `sizifes miTi~. 15 gv.<br />
amitomacaa am samyaroSi yoveli didi saqmis dasawyisi<br />
umniSvnelo da ubadruki movlenaa:<br />
`Íà÷àëî âñåõ âåëèêèõ äåéñòâèé è ìûñëåé íè÷òîæíî~.<br />
À. êàìüþ. ñòð. 229.<br />
ubadrukoba, anu umniSvneloba, aris absurdis sayrdeni<br />
wertili, romlidanac is TavisTavs augebs Tavis qmnilebas<br />
_ qimeras.<br />
TviT iseT did moazrovneze, rogorc ortega-i-gasetia<br />
oqtavio pasi iZulebulia daweros iseTi ram, Cven TavzardacemulT<br />
rom SegvagrZnobinebs sasacilo da sastiki jalaTis<br />
tyveobidan TavdauRwevlobas, da misi saxeli _ `evoluciis<br />
Teoriaa~.<br />
ai, ras wers igi (oqtavio pasi):<br />
`ortega-i-gaseti gvanTavisuflebs varskvlavTa winaSe<br />
mowiwebisgan, anu metafizikisgan, azrebi imTaviTve ar myofoben<br />
mentalur zecaSi. Cven maT Cvenive azrovnebiT vqmniT. isini<br />
kosmiuri harmoniis xats ar warmoadgenen da arc msoflio<br />
wesrigis niSnebi arian, aramed cru sinaTle, romelic sibneleSi<br />
migviZRveba, signalebi, erTmaneTs rom vagonebT, xidebi<br />
_ erTi napiridan meoreze gadasasvlelad. magram swored es<br />
242 243
meore napiri, sxva mxare aklia ortega-i-gasetis nawerebs.<br />
racionaluri vitalizmi, solifsizmia, Sesaxvevi, romelsac<br />
CixSi SevyavarT~. SevyavarT~<br />
oqtavio passi `ortega-i-gaseti, rogor da risTvis?~<br />
racionaluri vitalizmi _ sxva araferia, Tu ara evolu<br />
ciis Teoriis xatovani gamonaTqvami da sulac SemTxveviTi<br />
ar aris, rom swored ortega-i-gasetis kalams ekuTvnis iqneb<br />
<strong>genialuri</strong> nawarmoebic ki romelic SesaZlebelia mxolod da<br />
mxolod ori sityviT davaxasiaToT: racionaluri vitalizmi<br />
da mas `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~ ewodeba.<br />
da mtkicebuleba rom XIX-XX saukunes warmarTavs es<br />
ori RmerTi, RmerTi _ amis Tavzardamcemi nimuSia pol valeris XIX<br />
saukunis <strong>genialuri</strong> moazrovne, romelic maSinac ki, roca<br />
STagonebaze wers am `ori RmerTis~ mizeziT CixSi Sedis. da<br />
Cven valeris figuris sidiade imasac migvaniSnebs, rom am<br />
Cixs epoqaluri Cixic ki SeiZleba vuwodoT:<br />
`romel zRvrebTan Cerdebodnen evklideebi formaTa wvdomis<br />
procesSi? ra doneze awydebodnen isini wyvetilobas<br />
azrobrivi uwyvetelobisa?<br />
kvleva-Ziebis am ukidures wertilSi versad wavuvalT<br />
evoluciuri Teoriebis sacTurs, Cven ar gvsurs imis aRi-<br />
areba, rom es zRvari SeiZlebs saboloo iyos~.<br />
pol valeri `rCeuli proza~.<br />
me isev gavimeoreb erT frazas:<br />
`Cven ar gvsurs imis aRiareba, rom es zRvari SeiZleba<br />
saboloo iyos~.<br />
pol valeri `rCeuli proza~. mTargmneli b. bregvaZe.<br />
am fraziT pol valeri mimarTavs TiTqosda winare saukunis<br />
moazrovneebs. am xmaSi daRliloba da imedgacrueba<br />
gamosWvivis, magram aramc da aramc iWvi.<br />
valeris nawerebSi evoluciis Teoria, xan amaRlebuli<br />
notiT mosaubrea, xan ki sasowarmkveTad moCurCule xmad<br />
gardaisaxeba. magram Tu valeris es fraza mxolod usaxuri<br />
kiTxvaa, mas aqvs pirdapiri pasuxi _ teqstSi rom ikiTxeba<br />
da SeiZleba is valeris `aqsiomadac~ gavasaRoT:<br />
_ valeri saswaulsa da intuicias evoluciis TeoriTeori- asTan aigivebs.<br />
7<strong>1.</strong> piesis komentarebi:<br />
adre, TrobiT viWrebodi sagnebSi<br />
da sagnebs zRvrebidan sixaruliT gamovixsnidi<br />
dRes mivxvdi, amaoa Troba da garja.<br />
fxizelsac ki SegiZlia<br />
gadaaba sagnebi erTmaneTs,<br />
da ase moipovo WeSmariteba~.<br />
J. siraZe `xelovnebis gza~ gv. 68.<br />
am striqonis gasagebad, albaT upriania a. tarkovskis<br />
`apokalifsi~-dan fragmentis moyvana:<br />
_ `...radgan kulturis am krizisis Jams, romelsac ganvicdiT<br />
bolo erTi saukunis manZilze, Cven mivediT im azramde,<br />
rom xelovani SeiZleba qmnides raime sulieri koncefciis<br />
gareSe, saerTod sulierobis gareSe, sadac Semoqmedeba (SemoqmedebiTi<br />
unari), mxolod instinqturi aqti Tu instinqtTa<br />
TamaSia, magram, Cven xom viciT, rom zogierT cxovels aqvs<br />
erTgvari esTetikuri grZnoba da ZaluZs akeTos raime, rasac<br />
garkveuli azriT, aqvs dasrulebuli forma Tu moxazuloba.<br />
magaliTad, futkris naSeneb fiWas aqvs Tavisi mowesrigebuli<br />
forma. dRes adamiani ukve Tvlis, rom SemoqmedebiTi niWi<br />
aris mis gankargulebaSi myofi raRac, rac mas sulac ar xdis<br />
raimeze pasuxismgebels, anu aranairad ar avaldebulebs~<br />
a. tarkovski, `apokalifsi~, mTargm. d. akriani. afra VI<br />
2002 w.<br />
an, iqve<br />
` _ am momentidan xelovneba dayvanilia raRac formulaze<br />
Tu formalur Ziebaze, an sulac farTo moxmarebis saqonelze,<br />
romelic unda gaiyidos an SeZenil iqnas~.<br />
a. tarkovski, `apokalifsi~. mTargmn. d. akriani.<br />
da Zalian sainteresoa, nikoloz berdiaevis naazrevi<br />
244 245
Tanamedrove adamianis Tavisuflebaze, im Tavisuflebaze,<br />
romelic aseTi usaxuri xelovnebis Tanamdevia:<br />
_ `adamiani zedmetad ganTavisuflda, usazRvrod dacarielda<br />
Tavisi carieli TavisuflebiT, metismetad Zalgamoclilia<br />
xangrZlivi kritikuli epoqis mier da SemoqmedebaSi<br />
mas moenatra organuloba, sinTezi, religiuri centri, misteria~.<br />
n. berdiaevi, `xelovnebis krizisi~, 188 gv.<br />
72. gv. 68. bakqi qalebi – berZn.Rvinis RvTaebis, dionises,<br />
Tayvanismcemeli qalebi. ase SeerqvaT maT imis gamo, rom<br />
dioni ses meore saxeli iyo bakqosi (romSi – baxusi).<br />
sxvagvarad bakq qalebs `menadebsac~ uwodebdnen. evripides<br />
erT-erTi Cvenamde moRweuli tragediis saTauric ase ikiTxeba:<br />
`bakqi qalebi~. r. gordeziani `berZnuli miTebi~<br />
dramaSi isini Cndebian, rogorc satiris boroti nebis<br />
aRmsrulebeli msaxurni.<br />
73. gv. 68. menadebi berZ. _ dionises TanamgzavrTa erTerTi<br />
saxelwodeba.<br />
74. gv. 69. `narkisosi (narcisi) – berZn. mSvenieri Wabuki;<br />
zRvis RmerTis, kefisosis da naiada liriopes vaJi.<br />
narkisosma Tavisi gamosaxuleba ixila wyalSi, Seiyvara<br />
da am siyvaruliT dalia suli. RmerTebma igi yvavilad gardasaxes<br />
da am mSvenier yvavils misi saxeli uwodes (ix. eqo).<br />
narkisosis miToszea Seqmnili kalderonis dramebi, glukisa<br />
da skarlatis operebi da sxva.<br />
gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT narkisoss (narciss) uwodeben<br />
sakuTar Tavze Seyvarebul adamians. r. gordeziani `berZnuli<br />
miTebi~.<br />
dramaSi `xelovanis gza~ narcisi gaigivebulia klasikosebTan,<br />
da aseve yvela WeSmarit xelovanTan, ara aqvs<br />
arsebiTi mniSvneloba is Tanamedrovea, Tu sxva saukuneSi<br />
mcxovrebi xelovani, arsebiTia, rom maTi Semoqmedeba RvTaebrivis<br />
gznebas efuZneba da sulismier meore mzis gzas miuyveba.<br />
aRniSnul dramaSi narcisi igive goeTea, igive galak-<br />
tioni, igive Sopeni, igive... xelovani – Tavis Semoqmedebas<br />
sakuTari gamosaxulebis xilviT aRasrulebs. kvdoma da<br />
yvavilad qceva, es aris xelovanis mier miwieri aRsasrulis<br />
gancda da misi sulieri aRorZinebis maCvenebeli. yvavilebi<br />
es sulismieri gzis gamosaxebis simboloa, sulis gamJRavneba<br />
Tavis umSvenieres formaSi.<br />
Tumca berZnuli miTis mixedviT narciss arc Svili da<br />
arc gamgrZelebeli ar hyolia, magram dramaSi mas rogorc<br />
klasikis damfuZnebels hyavs Tavisi sulieri Svilebi da<br />
gamgrZeleblebi. dramaSi ikveTeba orfeosi da cxadia emanuelos<br />
dabneuli suli sabolood mamis gzas miuyveba.<br />
75. gv. 72. es perifrazaa pol valeris cnobili frazisa:<br />
`ar arsebobs WeSmariteba vnebis gareSe. me minda vTqva: WeSmariteba<br />
mxolod vnebiT miiRweva, miiwvdomeba~ p. valeri<br />
`rCeuli~ gv. 89. mTargmn. m. bregvaZe.<br />
76. gv. 74. piesis komentari<br />
`Tanamedroveobis aRmoCena?!<br />
stili, _ sxeulis bnel sacavSi daculi?!<br />
xelovanis sxeuli wers?~<br />
J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~ 74 gv.<br />
aq, gamoTqmulia Tanamedrove moazrovneTa mosazrebebi,<br />
rac gadafasebas ukeTebs yvelasTvis cnobil gamonaTqvams<br />
_ biufonisas: `stili _ es TviT adamiania~ da Tu stilis<br />
da sazRvra diametralurad Seicvala, da daupirispirda saukuneebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi aqsiomad qceul dasazRvras, TvalsaCinoebisTvis<br />
upirvelesad bartis dasazRvra unda movixmoT:<br />
`stili _ pirovnuli mexsierebis uRrmes sacavSia Ca-<br />
Ziruli, TviT misi Seuvaloba sxeulis cxovrebiseuli ga-<br />
246 247
mocdilebidan aRmocendeba. `stilis saidumloeba, _ es aris<br />
is, rac TviT mwerlis sxeuls axsovs~.<br />
Seusabamoba tolobis niSniT xelovnurad erTiandeba r.<br />
bartTan56 :<br />
<strong>1.</strong> stili _ pirovnuli mexsierebis uRrmesi sacavi anu,<br />
stili _ sxeulis cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan aRmocenili<br />
_ Seuvaloba<br />
2. stilis saidumloeba _ mwerlis sxeuls axsovs.<br />
Cveni pirovnuli mexsierebis uRrmes sacavze Tu visaubrebT,<br />
is upirvelesad aris suli, _ gulis faruli da<br />
mouxelTebeli moZraoba.<br />
TiTqos gveucxoveba, roca r. barti wers:<br />
_ stili _ sxeulis sacavSia daculi, magram es azri<br />
sulac ar aris axali ganacxadi. is saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
aqa-iq iCenda, iqneb safuZvliani interpretaciiTa da iWviTac<br />
rom adamiani, rasac ar unda qmnides Tavis cxovelur bunebas<br />
ver gascildeba.<br />
magram gana yvela warmoTqmuli fraza moismineba. is xSirad<br />
uwonadoa, radgan im epoqas ar ganekuTvneba, sadac gaiJRera.<br />
saocaria, magram Cven am faqtis usasrulo dasabuTeba SeiZleba<br />
moviZioT. asec SeiZleba vTqvaT, _ bartamde _ aTasma bartma<br />
warmoTqva es fraza Tu gaaJRera, iWvi; magram mudam imarjvebda<br />
maRali sulieroba da es ise moxda, TiTqosda isini,<br />
arc arasodes aravis warmouTqvams.<br />
modiT, axla ase SevecadoT, gaviazroT es problema, da,<br />
ras niSnavs, rom biufonis fraza: `stili _ es TviT adami- adami-<br />
ania~ _ uwonado Seiqmna mxolod mas Semdeg, rac adamianma<br />
RmerTi uaryo da maSasadame SeuZlebeli Seiqmna mas hqonoda<br />
Tavisi stili?<br />
upirvelesad imas, rom adamians ara aqvs unari iyos TviTmyofadi,<br />
unikaluri, amaRlebuli, RmerTis rCeuli. ufro<br />
metic es mdgomareoba Sefasebul iqna, rogorc adamianis mier<br />
Tavisi cxoveluri gzis SeniRbva.<br />
balzaki57 ki ambobda:<br />
`sakmarisi ar aris iyo ubralod adamiani, _ unda iyo<br />
mTeli sistema~.<br />
im azriT, rom sagans mxolod maSin aqvs wonadoba da Rirebuleba,<br />
Tu is sistemis nawilia, magram TanamedroveTaTvis<br />
es wonadoba _ Rirebuleba _ RvTaebrivis maRali jildo<br />
damcrobili da uaryofil iqna da Sefasebuli rogorc adamianis<br />
mibruneba Tavisi cxoveluri bunebisadmi. da es maSinac<br />
ki, roca STagonebis igavmiuwvdomel gzas mimyol SemoqmedSi<br />
adamianis individualuri `me~ kvdeba. Tanamedrove Teoriebis<br />
mixedviT RmerTis instrumentad qceuli adamiani ki ar wers,<br />
_ aramed es Tavdacvis instinqtiT aRZruli cxovelis moqmedebaa<br />
mxolooden da sxva araferi.<br />
roca ortega i gaseti wers:<br />
`cocxali formebisgan Tavis daRwevis tendencia~.<br />
es misi umkacresi moTxovnaa, TanamedroveTa erTgvari axirebis<br />
deklaracia. _ gvaqvs stili _ maSasadame, Cveni sxeuli<br />
wers da aramc da aramc Cveni suli.<br />
magram amis iqiT arsebobs safuZvliani mosazrebebi _ da<br />
bevrad ufro Rrma, vidre Cven es erTi SexedviT warmogvidgenia.<br />
magaliTad, ina kuliSovas mohyavs i. brodskis, Tanamedroveobis<br />
erT-erTi wamyvani moazrovnis sityvebi:<br />
_ `vercerT rwmenas, vercerT did ideas ar SeiZleba<br />
hqondes pretenzia, metafizikuri horizontis srul momcvelobaze~.<br />
an, rogorc viaCeslav ivanovi58 werda:<br />
`sakmarisi ar aris qriste sakmarisi ar aris froidi,<br />
sakmarisi ar aris marqsi, eqsistencializmi da buda~.<br />
77. fragmenti aleqsandre WavWavaZis leqsidan `vah, droni,<br />
droni~<br />
248 249
78. piesis komentari:<br />
Cveni simbolo puria,<br />
aRsrulda kacobriobis ocneba,<br />
qva iqca purad. J. siraZe `xelovnebis gza~ gv. 81; gv. 85;<br />
gv. 90.<br />
J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~ gv. 90. gv. 85, gv. 8<strong>1.</strong><br />
piesaSi warmosaxviTi xelovnebis samyaroSi xdeba sulier<br />
Rirebulebebze uaris Tqma, _ da es fraza misi figuraluri<br />
gamoxatulebaa.<br />
sulier RirebulebaTa uarmyofelebT, is aerTianebT, rom<br />
isini yovelTvis bunebas moiSvelieben, Tavisi siwrfelisa<br />
da uSualobis dasacavad, _ Tumca kargad gaazrebis Semdgom<br />
Cven xelT bunebis nacvlad teqnika, bunebis es yalbi pirmSo<br />
aRmogvaCndeba.<br />
aseve niSneulia is carieli Tavisufleba, rac nebismieri<br />
survilisa da siamovnebis myis aRsrulebas mohyveba, rogorc<br />
sasjeli.<br />
vidre am fragmentis komentirebas Sevudgebi, minda puris<br />
Sesaxeb bibliis leqsikonSi Setanili mniSvnelobebi xelaxla<br />
gavixseno;<br />
qriste. ioan. 6, 33-35.<br />
qristes xorci. maT. 26, 26; 1 kor. 11, 23-24.<br />
wmindanTa kavSiri. saqme. 2, 46; 1 kor. 10, 17.<br />
siuxve. ezek. 16, 49; 2 sj 8, 9.<br />
usamarTloba. igav. 4, 17; 20, 17.<br />
amaoeba. igav. 31, 27.<br />
aseve gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT:<br />
qriste _ puri arsobisa. ioan. 6.48.<br />
eklesia. 1 kor. 5, 7; 10, 17.<br />
bibliis leqsikoni t. II. 24 gv.<br />
Semdgeneli e. giunaSvili<br />
Rrmad rom iqnes gaazrebuli, es komentari, dionise areopagelis59<br />
mosazrebas moviyvan romelSic sulier purzea<br />
saubari: _ qristeze, _ qristes xorcze, _ wmidanTa kavSirze,<br />
_ eklesiaze.<br />
ai, ras wers igi:<br />
_ `RvTiT boZebuli sazrdo orgvaria _ gvaswavlis<br />
fsevdo-dionise areopageli erTi mkvrivia da myari, meore _<br />
notio da Txevadi...<br />
mkvrivi sazrdo (...) myari da Znelad misaRebi sulieri<br />
sakvebia, romliTac adamianebi eziarebian marad ucvlel sinamdviles,<br />
amis simbolod dionise areopageli asaxelebs purs.<br />
puri simboloa im sulieri sazrdosi, romlis arqona<br />
ararsebobas udris. `puri Cueni arsobisa, momec Cuen dRes~<br />
_ naTqvamia saxarebaSi, sadac `puri arsobisa~ gagebulia,<br />
rogorc WeSmariti codna, RvTiT boZebuli sibrZne, goneba<br />
samyaros macocxlebel Zalad movlenili. yoveldRiuri puris<br />
moTxovniT Cven moviTxovT qristesTan maradiul ziarebas,<br />
radgan qriste aris puri da sicocxle Cveni.<br />
puri qristes sxeulis RvTaebriobasTan aris dakavSirebuli.<br />
iesos puris saxiT xelT upyria RmerTis sityva da<br />
azri ganivTebuli. wminda trapezi wminda sulis simboloa,<br />
xolo sakvebad motanili puri _ RmerTis sityvis, e.i. iesos<br />
xateba.<br />
XVII s. dasasruls warmoiSva mimdinareoba, purTayvanismcemlobis<br />
saxelwodebiT, romlis mimdevarnic Tayvans<br />
scemdnen purs da Rvinos, rogorc qristes sxeulisa da<br />
sisxlis ganivTebul simbolos~.<br />
j. SoSiaSvili `bizantiuri epistolografia da fsevdo<br />
dionise areopagelis werilebi~ gv. 56.<br />
exla axali aRTqmis teqsti unda gavixsenoT da rasakvirvelia<br />
netari Teofilaqte bulgarelis komentarebiT:<br />
4.1;, `maSin iesu aRmoiyvana udabnod sulisagan gamocdad<br />
eSmakisagan~<br />
_ 4;2; `da imarxa ormeoci dRe da ormeoci Rame da merme<br />
SeemSia~<br />
_ 4;3; `mouxda mas gamomcdeli igi da hrqua: ukueTu Sen<br />
250 251
xar me RmrTisaO, Tqu raiTa qvani ese pur iqmnen~<br />
4;3; `marTalia, macTurma moismina xma zecidan `ese ars<br />
Ze Cemi~, magram meore mxriv dainaxa, rom qristes moSivda<br />
da ver gaigo, Ze RvTisam rogorRa ganicada SimSili. rom<br />
darwmundes, mis cTunebas cdilobs da eubneba: `Tu Sen Ze<br />
RvTisa xar~, is liqnis mas, radgan fiqrobs, rom qriste<br />
raRacas malavs. albaT ikiTxav codva rad iqneboda qvebis<br />
purad gadaqceva, magram icode! eSmaks raSic ar unda mousmino<br />
_ codvaa. amasTan, eSmakma is ki ara Tqva: `dae es qva iyos<br />
purio~, aramed `qvebio~, raTa qristeSi sixarbis cduneba<br />
gaeRviZebina. magram mSierTaTvis xom erTi puric sakmarisia,<br />
amitom qristem arc mousmina mas~.<br />
4;3; xolo iesom miugo da hrqua: weril ars, rameTu ara<br />
puriTa xolo cxovndebis kaci, aramed yovliTa sityviTa,<br />
romeli gamovals pirisagan RmrTisa~.<br />
4;3; es damowmeba Zveli aRTqmidanaa amoRebuli da igi<br />
moses ekuTvnis. ebraelebi mananiT ikvebebodnen, rac puri<br />
ar iyo. magram maT yovelgvar moTxovnilebas akmayofilebda,<br />
radgan igi yvelaferi iyo imisda mixedviT, visac risi Wama<br />
moesurveboda Tevzis, kvercxisa Tu yvelisa~.<br />
netari Teofilaqte bulgareli `maTes saxarebis<br />
ganmarteba~.<br />
me Segnebulad moviyvane netari Teofilaqte bulgarelis<br />
komentarebi, raTa axalgazrda mkiTxvelma kargad gaiazros<br />
Tu ramdenad rTulia eSmakis mier qristes sacTuneblad<br />
warmoTqmuli kiTxva `qvis purad qcevi~-sa, razedac piesaSia<br />
saubari.<br />
upirvelesad unda gulisxmavyoT, rom `qvis purad qcevis~<br />
cTuneba eSmakisagan, mas Semdeg moxda miwier samyaroSi,<br />
rac RmerTma Tavisi Ze moavlina kacTa gamosaxsnelad dedamiwaze;<br />
Cveni eris winamZRvari, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />
wers:<br />
`TviT ufali ase ganmartavs qveynad Tavis movlinebis<br />
mizans: esreT Seiyuara RmerTman sofeli ese, viTaremed, Zeca<br />
Tvsi mxolodSobili mosca mas, raiTa yovelsa, romelsa<br />
hrwmenes igi, ara warwymdes, aramed aqundes cxovrebai saukunoi<br />
(ioane 3;16)<br />
gonebisaTvis miuwvdomeli am msxverplis wyalobiT ganqarda<br />
zRude RmerTsa da kacs Soris, adamians kvlav ganeRo<br />
samoTxis kari, gamoCnda gza maradiuli cxovrebisaken~.<br />
ilia II saSobao epistole 213 gv.<br />
1983-1984 ww.<br />
magram vidre am cTunebis sazriss ganvixilavT da ganvmartavT,<br />
unda gavixsenoT, rom mas win uZRoda adamis dacema<br />
da gamoZeveba samoTxidan. amis Sesaxeb, saintereso da Rrma<br />
wigni mogvepoveba, es aris baton z. kiknaZis 60 wigni: `saubrebi<br />
bibliaze~;<br />
ai, misgan ramodenime amonaridi:<br />
`idealuri azriT, adami Seiqmna RvTis `xatad, msgavsebad~,<br />
magram is gamoisaxa mokvdavi materiisgan, rogorc ukvdavi<br />
ideis xorcSesxma; sicocxlis sunTqvam (igive ruax elohim<br />
`suli RvTisa~) cocxal arsebad aqcia adami, romlis saxeli<br />
`miwis~ saxels (adamah) ukavSirdeba. imave sulma, romelic<br />
wylis bnel ufskrulebze dabudrebuli `Cekavda~ samyaros,<br />
Seqmna adami sulier arsebad...<br />
...(RvTis xatad da msgavsebad Seqmna, kerZod, imas niSnavs,<br />
rom adami Seiqmna Tavisufal arsebad, Tavisufali nebis myofelad<br />
da Semoqmedad msgavsad Tavisi gamCenisa. adamis maRal<br />
adgilze RvTis gaCenil samyaroSi mowmobs misi adgil-samyofeli,<br />
romelic mas gamCenma miuCina. `ufalma RmerTma baRi<br />
gaaSena edemSi, aRmosavleTSi, da dasva iq adami, romelic<br />
gamosaxa~) (dab. 2,8).<br />
`aiyvana ufalma RmerTma adami da daasaxla edemis baRSi<br />
mis dasamuSaveblad da dasacavad~ (dab. 2,15) `daasaxla edemis<br />
baRSi mis dasamuSaveblad da mis dasacavad~ ar gulisxmobs<br />
252 253
salukmapuro Sromas, imgvar muSakobas, romelic mouxda adams<br />
edemis karibWis gareT _ wuTisofelSi~...<br />
edemi qveynierebis Sauguli iyo, xolo am Saugulis<br />
SuagulSi izrdeboda ori xe _ `xe sicocxlisa~ (anu ukvdavebisa)<br />
da `xe keTilisa da borotis Secnobisa~. mTeli edemis<br />
baRi misi nayofebiTurT ekuTvnoda adams da evas. kacobriobis<br />
pirvel wyvils micemuli hqonda ufleba yoveli nayofis<br />
gemos xilvisa, garda erTisa, romlis Wamasac ukrZalavda<br />
RmerTi... `gaafrTxila ufalma RmerTma adami da uTxra: yvela<br />
xis nayofi geWmeva am baRSi. mxolod keTilisa da borotis<br />
Secnobis xis nayofi ar SeWamoT, radgan, rogorc ki SeWam,<br />
mokvdebi~ (dab. 2, 16-7). adams unda SeeWama ukvdavebis xis<br />
nayofi, rom ukvdavi yofiliyo edemis baRSi; ukvdavebis xili<br />
unda yofiliyo misi erTaderTi sazrdeli, misi fizikursulieri<br />
simrTelis wyaro. magram iswrafa gvelma da misi<br />
SegonebiT man meore xis nayofi airCia da mokvda. adami ara<br />
imdenad imis mizeziT mokvda, rom `sikeTisa da borotebis<br />
Secnobis xis~ nayofi SeWama, aramed ufro im mizeziT, rom<br />
ver moaswro ukvdavebis nayofis SeWma.<br />
`sikeTisa da borotebis~ nayofis gemosxilvam arsebiTad<br />
Secvala adamis buneba. `dauZaxa ufalma RmerTma adams da<br />
uTxra: adam, sada xar? miugo: Seni xma Semomesma baRSi da<br />
SemeSinda, SiSveli rom var, da davimale. uTxra (RmerTma):<br />
vin giTxra, SiSveli rom xar? im xis nayofi xom ar giWamia,<br />
me rom agikrZale?~ (dab. 3,9-11). adams Tvali ki aexila,<br />
rogorc gveli hpirdeboda, magram ra ixila, garda Tavisi<br />
siSiSvlisa; adamma dakarga ubiwoeba, bunebis uSualo gancda.<br />
misma axelilma Tvalma ixila, ufro sworad, Seqmna sikeTed da<br />
borotebad gaxleCili sinamdvile, rogorc surda yofiliyo<br />
samyaro kacobriobis mters, gvelis saxiT gamocxadebuls.<br />
kidec rom ar gandevniliyo adami edemidan, mas ukve dakarguli<br />
hqonda edemSi cxovrebis Zala. is ukve iyo naklovani<br />
arseba, romelic aRar Seesabameboda edemis srulyofilebas.<br />
`aexilaT Tvali orives da mixvdnen, rom SiSvelni iyvnen.<br />
Sekeres leRvis foTlebi da ardagebi gaikeTes~ (dab. 3,7).<br />
biblia mogviTxrobs ori adamis _ samoTxeSi myofis da<br />
samoTxidan gandevnili adamis ambavs. samoTxis adams, erTi<br />
arabibliuri Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, naTlis samoseli emosa,<br />
romelic aexada akrZaluli nayofis gemosxilvis Semdeg. amrigad,<br />
is fizikuradac Seicvala, naTeli mis sxeulSi bnelma<br />
Secvala: `gaukeTa ufalma adams da mis dedakacs tyavis<br />
samoseli da Semosa~ (dab. 3,21). aq miniSnebulia edemidan<br />
gandevnili adamis fizikuri saxecvlileba _ es niSani misi<br />
`tyavis samoselia~.<br />
ukvdavis Seqmnili adami da eva Tavadac ukvdavni unda<br />
yofiliyvnen, magram maT im nayofis gemosxilviT TavianT bunebaSi<br />
mokles is, rac ukvdavebis matarebeli iyo. amieridan,<br />
Tuki isini Seqmniden rasme an Sobdnen, maTi gaCenili mxolod<br />
mokvdavi SeiZleba yofiliyo~.<br />
z. kiknaZe `saubrebi bibliaze~ gv. 16-17-18;<br />
meoregan Teofilaqte bulgareli, udabnoSi eSmakisgan<br />
qristes gamocdis Sesaxeb ase wers:<br />
_ 4.1<strong>1.</strong> `sami cTuneba daTrguna ufalma: gemoTmoyvareoba,<br />
pativmoyvareoba da swrafva simdidrisaken anu angarebis siyvaruli.<br />
swored esenia vnebaTagan mTavarni, maSasadame, Tu<br />
maT daZlev, gacilebiT iolad daamarcxeb danarCenebsac~.<br />
netari Teofilaqte bulgareli `maTes saxarebis<br />
ganmarteba~.<br />
exla ki, me moviyvan amonaridebs dostoevskis romanidan<br />
`Zmebi karamazovebi~-dan. didi rusi mwerlis genialurobis<br />
gasaRebi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom misTvis kacobriobis istoriis<br />
Rrmad dafaruli sazrisi Zveli da axali aRTqmis<br />
teqstebSia daunjebuli. man, udabnoSi eSmakisgan iesos gamocdis<br />
`<strong>genialuri</strong> gaazreba warmoadgina romanis me-5 TavSi<br />
`didi inkvizitori~.<br />
_ `Ибо в этих трех вопросах как бы совокуплена в одно целое<br />
и предсказана вся дальнейшая история человеческая и явлены<br />
три образа, в которых сойдутся все неразрешимые исторические<br />
254 255
противоречия человеческой природы на всей земле. Тогда это<br />
не могло быть еще так видно, ибо будущее было неведомо, но<br />
теперь, когда прошло пятнадцать веков, мы видим, что все в<br />
этих трех вопросах до того угадано и предсказано и до того<br />
оправдалось, что прибавить к ним или убавить от них ничего<br />
нельзя более более~<br />
Ф. Достоевский, `Братья Карамазовы~ стр. 277.<br />
qriste modis dedamiwaze, raTa jojoxeTSi Cavardnili<br />
adami gamoixsnas. amisTvis gankacda da igi adamianuri bunebiT<br />
Seimosa, raTa miiRos tkivilis is simware da simuxTle, rac<br />
adamianuri bunebis Tvisebaa, da RvTaebrivi bunebisTvis ki<br />
ucxo da miuRebeli.<br />
magram, isev da isev Cvens gulSi gaxmiandeba mtanjveli<br />
kiTxva:<br />
_ ratom ar iRebs ufali am cTunebas?<br />
aki, rogorc ukve moviyvane netari Teofilaqte bulgareli<br />
Tavis ganmartebaSi brZanebs, rom raSic ar unda daugdo<br />
yuri eSmaks _ ukve codvaa.<br />
magram yvelaze mniSvnelovani albaT dostoevskis `did<br />
inkvizitorSi~ is aris, rom `qvis purad qcevas~ is ukavSirebs<br />
adamianis mTavar did Rirebulebas _ Tavisufal nebas.<br />
aki, wmida mamebi ase weren:<br />
`...adamiani ara Tu xilul qmnilebebze ufro aRmatebuli<br />
da Rirebulia, aramed uxilav sulier qmnilebebzec, anu<br />
RmerTis msaxur sulebze, angelozebzec ki rameTu miqael da<br />
gabriel mTavarangelozebzec ki ar brZana Semoqmedma RmerTma<br />
Cvens xatad da msgavsad SevqmnaTo (dab. 1-26), aramed mxolod<br />
adamianis gonier arsebaze _ mis ukvdav gonier sulze Tqva<br />
ase...~<br />
wmida makari didi, egvipteli61 .<br />
`RmerTma adamians Tavisufali neba mianiWa, radgan mas<br />
roboti ki ar sWirdeboda, aramed namdvili srulyofili<br />
arseba~<br />
wmida petre damaskeli.<br />
kacobriobis boroti suli, romelsac f. dostoevski<br />
uwodebs `saSinel da gonier suls~, `TviTganadgurebisa<br />
da aryofnis suls~ f. dostoevski `Zmeb karamazovebSi~ ase<br />
mimarTavs ufals Cvensas, ieso qristes:<br />
_ `К чему же теперь пришел нам мешать?~<br />
anu, isev ganvmeordebi, is ambobs:<br />
_ Sen moxvedi, raTa adamians Tavisufali neba mianiWo,<br />
msgavsad RmerTis xatisas.<br />
da am saubarSi gamokrTeba, Tu raoden didi iyo cTuneba<br />
da ra saSineli Sedegi mohyveboda mas.<br />
Sedegis warmosaxva SesaZlebelia, ufro naTlad, roca<br />
Teofilaqte bulgareli Tavis komentarebSi, aseT ganmartebas<br />
ukeTebs im adgils, sadac qriste jvars acves:<br />
27. 33-37.<br />
`Txemis adgili imitom ewodeba im adgils, rom gadmocemis<br />
mixedviT, iq iyo dakrZaluli adami: rogorc adamTan Cven<br />
yvela movkvdiT, ise unda gavcocxldeT qristesTan~.<br />
netari Teofilaqte bulgareli `maTes saxarebis ganmarteba~,<br />
gv. 256.<br />
gavcocxldebiT qristesTan erTad, anu Tavisuflebas<br />
movipovebT. aki, pavle mociquli wers: _ `ufali sulia,<br />
xolo sadac aris suli uflisa, iq Tavisuflebaa~ (2 korin.<br />
3;17).<br />
dostoevskis naweri srulyofili axsnaa am sakiTxisa. ai<br />
rogor mimarTavs eSmas romanSi `didi inkvizitori~ iesos:<br />
`... Ибо ничего и никогда не было для человека и для<br />
человеческого общества невыносимее свободы! А видишь ли<br />
сии камни в этой накой раскаленной пустыне? обрати их в<br />
хлеба, и за тобой побежит человечество как стадо, благодарное и<br />
послушное, хотя и вечно трепещущее, что ты отымень руку свою<br />
и прекратится им хлеба твой~ Но ты не захотел лишить человека<br />
сводобы и отверг предложение, ибо какая же свобода, рассудил<br />
256 257
ты, если послушание куплено хлебами? Ты возразил, что человек<br />
жив не единым хлебом, но знаешь ли, что во имя этого самого<br />
хлеба земного и восстанет на тебя дух земли и сразится с тобою,<br />
и победит тебя, и все пойдут за ним,...<br />
...пройдут века и человечество превозгласит устами своей<br />
премудрости и науки, что преступления нет, а стало быть, нет и<br />
греха, а есть только голодные~.<br />
Ф. Достоевский `Братья Карамазовы~ 277 стр.<br />
dostoevskis, `didi inkvizitori~-dan mxolod im amonaridebs<br />
moviyvan, romelic dagvexmareba, piesaSi dasmuli<br />
Temebis gasarkvevad;<br />
aqedan umTavresia, es sityvebi:<br />
`... ты забыл, что спокойствие и даже смерть человеку<br />
дороже свободного выбора в познании добра и зла? нет ничего<br />
обольстительнее для человека, как свобода его совести, но нет<br />
ничего и мучительнее~.<br />
Ф. Достоевский `Братья Карамазовы~ 283 стр.<br />
Tavzardamcemia am teqstis kiTxva, radgan ar SeiZleba ar<br />
vicnoT Tanadrouli samyaros cTomani da saSiSi gzebi. da me<br />
moviyvan isev ramodenime fragments:<br />
`Никакая наука не дает им хлеба, и пока они будут оставаться<br />
сводобными, но кончится тем, что они принесут свою свободу к<br />
ногам нашим и скажут нам: `Лучше поработите нас, но накормите<br />
нас~.<br />
Ф. Достоевский `Братья Карамазовы~ 278 стр.<br />
ai, meore winaswarmetyveleba am cTomili samyarosi:<br />
`И И если за тобою во имя хлеба небесного пойдут тысячи и<br />
десятки тысяч, то что станется с миллионами и с десятками тысяч<br />
миллионов существ, которые не в силах будут пренебречь хлебом<br />
земным для небесного? Иль тебе дороги лишь десятки тысяч<br />
великих и сильных, а остальные милионны, многочисленные,<br />
как песок морской, слабых, но любящих тебя, должны лишь<br />
послужить материалом для великих и сильных? Нет, нам дороги<br />
и слабые... слабые...~<br />
Ф. Достоевский `Братья Карамазовы~ 278 стр.<br />
magram me ase davsvamdi kiTxvas:<br />
_ SegviZlia ki vTqvaT, rom Tanamedrove, cTomil samyaroSi<br />
`qva ar iqca purad?~<br />
adamiani Tavisi Tavisufali nebis meoxebiT, mudam da<br />
yovel wams samyaros winaSe warsdgeba, da ase is Tavisi Tavis<br />
arCeviTa da dafuZnebiTá is irCevs, im samyaros, romelSic<br />
myofobs, anu is pasuxismgebelia erTnairad, rogorc Tavis<br />
Tavze, aseve im samyaroze, romelSic myofobs, _ rac misi<br />
arCevanis Sedegia.<br />
amaze araerTi filosofosi werda, maT Soris am Temas<br />
yvelaze metad gamokveTdnen monteni da Sopenhaueri 62 da amtkicebdnen,<br />
rom adamiani cxovrobs ara obieqturad mocemul<br />
samyaroSi, rogorc es Cveulebriv saR gonebas warmoudgenia,<br />
aramed is cxovrobs Tavis mier arCeul, zogi ambobs warmosaxul<br />
samyaroSi.<br />
_ da ra xdeba Tanamedrove, cTomil samyaroSi?<br />
yvelaze Tavzardamcemia miwieri samyarosadmi monoba, rac<br />
imaSi gamoixateba, rom xdeba nebismieri survilis myisieri aRsruleba<br />
sinanulis gareSe. da es gzavnili igzavneba msoflio<br />
xatis, _ televiziis meSveobiT yovel wams Tu ara, yovel<br />
saaTs kacobriobis yvela kuTxeSi. am msoflio xatma-televiziam<br />
udidesi roli Seasrules, raTa ise dapataravebuliyo<br />
msoflio, rogorc amas iaspersi wers, rom igi romze ufro<br />
patarad qceuliyo.<br />
ras niSnavs es?<br />
iqneb imas, rom adamiani erTnairad SeiZleba iqces marTvadi,<br />
_ am `erTnairad~ dapataravebul msoflioSi?<br />
da am `erTnairad~ dapataravebuli msoflios, cTomili<br />
samyaros udidesi Secodebaa, misi sulieri siZabune da gonebis<br />
dabindva, radgan is, Tavisufali nebis gaigivebas axdens<br />
nebismieri survilis aRsrulebasTan.<br />
es gzavnili yovel saaTs sareklamo rgolebis meSveobiT<br />
258 259
igzavneba Tanamedrove samyaroSi da daTrgunuli adamiani<br />
Tanadroul pulsacias adevnebuli da dabrmavebuli miuyveba<br />
am mcdar gzas.<br />
piesaSi `xelovanis gza~ aRiwereba, Tu rogor ebmis erTmaneTs<br />
Tanadrouli samyaros simbolos, teqnikis monapovars anu<br />
nebismieri sagans Tavisufali nebis dakargva. amis simboluri<br />
gamoxatulebaa scenaze dakidebul purebs Soris Tanamedrove<br />
adamianis gamomxatavi sagnebis ganfenaa.<br />
Tanamedrove moralistebi wignebs aRar qmnian, maTi maqsimebi<br />
ilustraciebis meSveobiT udidess zemoqmedebas axdenen<br />
kacobriobaze _ maTi mTeli `Zalisxmeva~ ki iqiTken aris<br />
mimarTuli, raTa Tavisufali nebis gaigiveba moaxdinon myisierad<br />
aRsrulebul survilTan. mag. amis saukeTeso nimuSia<br />
qarTul satelevizio sivrceSi _ sasmel `spraitis~ reklama.<br />
Tumca `spraitis~ boTls rqebi ar mouCans, magram reklamaSi<br />
sityva-sityviT imeoreben eSmakis sityvebs:<br />
miende wyurvilis gemos da Sen Tavisufali iqnebi.<br />
isini, Tanamedrove moralistebi imaze muSaoben, raTa adamianis<br />
nebisyofa moadunon da gonis nacvlad vnebebiT savse<br />
skivri usaxsovron.<br />
am moralistebis `didi muSaobis Sedegad~ adamians aRar<br />
rcxvenia imisa, rom mas ara aqvs nebisyofa da Tu is mas<br />
`iyidis~. Tumca es SeuZlebelia da am sazareli iluziiT<br />
yoveldRe xdeba misi, Tanamedrove adamianis dapureba.<br />
mag: is yidulobs sigaretis gadagdebis meTods, _ rac<br />
misi nebisyofis ukugdebiT moxerxdeba. amiT, is vnebaTagan<br />
erT-erT yvelaze saSiSs _ gemoTmoyvareobas ejaWveba yovelgvari<br />
moridebisa da uxerxulobis gareSe.<br />
ase xdeba Tanamedrove adamianis nebisyofisa da Zalis<br />
Sesyidva, sanacvlod ki mas vnebebiT savse yuTs Cuqnis, _<br />
Tanamedrove inkvizitoris gzavnils.<br />
Tumca piesaSi, _ sakiTxi xelovnebis warmosaxviT samyaroSi<br />
xdeba. yvela Temas rom Sevexo da avxsna, amisaTvis<br />
sul cota ori wignis dawera damWirdeba.<br />
yuradRebas iqcevs inkvizitoris siityvebi, romelic<br />
aRrevas axdens sityvebisa da azrisa. is, Tavisi bunebidan<br />
gamomdinare cils swamebs ufals da surs masze keTilad<br />
mogvaCvenos Tavi. TiTqos mas ufro metad ecodeba adamiani,<br />
vidre RmerTs da viTomcda amisTvis surs qvis purad qceva<br />
anu sustebisa da uZlurTa dapureba.<br />
radgan adamianTa umravlesoba misi azriT aris susti,<br />
uZluri da arc ZaluZs aitanos tanjva da ar ZaluZs daTmena.<br />
amiT eSma aRiarebs, Tavis mTavar azrs, rom adamianTa<br />
umravlesoba ganwirulia iyos misi msaxuri.<br />
f. dostoevskis sazareli da Tavzardamcemi winaswarmetyveleba<br />
axda. literaturaSi es aisaxa imiT, rom man Tavis<br />
`gmirad~ _ `antigmiri~ gamoiyvana. is, vinc erTaderT<br />
Rirsebad yofierebis, vnebebisadmi monobasa da amis gulwrfel<br />
aRiarebas sTvlis. es gulwrfeloba sulac ar niSnavs, rom<br />
is emzadeba sinanulis kibeze aRsavlelad. ara, es carieli,<br />
uwonado aRiarebaa, riTac aRsarebis udidesi mniSvneloba<br />
man kacobriobisda savalalod uwonadod aqcia. XX saukunis<br />
yvelaze didi aRsareba es a. kamius `dacema~-a.<br />
da ratom aris es SesaZlebeli?<br />
me aq moviyvan isev da isev Rrmad morwmune n. berdiaevis<br />
sityvebs, _ riTac davasruleb komentars _ Tumca sinamdvileSi<br />
problemasa da Temebs mxolod nawilobriv Sevexe.<br />
n. berdiaevi ase wers:<br />
`Почему возможна трагедия познания, почему свет Логоса<br />
не всегда освещает познавательный путь человека как существа<br />
духовного, превышающего мир?~<br />
Н. Бердяев. `Царство духа и царство Кесаря~. 291 стр.<br />
da iqve, is pasuxobs am kiTxvas:<br />
Познание не есть только интеллектуальный процесс, в нем<br />
действуют все силы человека, волевое избрание, притяжение и<br />
отталкивание от истины~<br />
Н. Бердяев `Царство духа и царство Кесаря~ стр. 29<strong>1.</strong><br />
260 261
79. piesis komentari:<br />
`is naTlis angelozs emsgavseba!<br />
da wyvdiad RameSi mosCans suli!<br />
sulis moZraoba! sulis gza!<br />
suli aravisa da arafers, rom ara hgavs!!<br />
J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~, gv. 83.<br />
m. haidegeri aseT interpretacias gvTavazobs:<br />
_ `Áûòü ïîýòîì â ñêóäíîå âðåìÿ _ çíà÷èò, âîñïåâàÿ,<br />
óêàçûâàòü íà ñëåä óøåäøèõ Áîãîâ. Ïîýòîìó-òî âî âðåìÿ<br />
ìèðîâîé íî÷è ïîýò ñêàçûâàåò Ñâÿùåííîå. Âîò ïî÷åìó<br />
ìèðîâàÿ íî÷ü ó øëüäåðëèíà _ ñâÿùåííàÿ íî÷ü~.<br />
Ì. Õàéäåããåð, `Ïåòü _ äëÿ ÷åãî~, ñòð. 184.<br />
magram, is rasac haidegeri uwodebs ñâÿùåííàÿ íî÷ü _ aris<br />
naTlis angelozis moCvenebiTi saxidan warmomdgari,- iluzia<br />
wmindaTawminda naTebisa. am sazarel droebaSi, is aRiwereba,<br />
rogorc RvTaebrivi cialisa da naTelis gamqrali kvali.<br />
da rac niSneulia zogierTi Tanamedrove egzistencialistebis<br />
nawerebSic, `naTlis angelozis~ cru gamonaTeba krTeba,<br />
sadac RvTaebrivi xmis mosmena, an gamonaTeba _ yofierebis<br />
CarCoSi Camwyvdeuli aRiwereba. cxadia, aq upirvelesad haidegerisa<br />
da iaspersis filosofias moviazreb.<br />
nikoloz berdiaevi mkacrad da odnavi ironiiT wers:<br />
_ `Ñîâåðøåííî íåïîíÿòíî, êàê ÷åëîâåê Dasein (munyofierebis)<br />
ìîæåò âîçâûñèòüñÿ íàä íèçîñòüþ ìèðà, âûéòè èç<br />
öàðñòâà Das man~<br />
Í. Áåðäÿåâ `Öàðñòâî äóõà è öàðñòâî êåñàðÿ~, 291 ñòð.<br />
da iqve daamatebs:<br />
`Äëÿ ýòîãî â ÷åëîâåêå äîëæíî áûòü âûñøåå íà÷àëî,<br />
âîçâûøàþùåå åãî íàä äàííîñòüþ ìèðà, ýêçèñòåíöèàëèñòû<br />
àíòèðåëèãèîçíîãî òèïà òàê íèçêî ìûñëÿò î ÷åëîâåêå,<br />
òàê ïîíèìàþò åãî èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ñíèçó, ÷òî îñòàåòñÿ<br />
íåïîíÿòíûì ñàìîå âîçíèêíîâåíèå ïðîáëåìû ïîçíàíèÿ,<br />
âîçãîðåíèå ñâåòà Èñòèíû~.<br />
Í. Áåðäÿåâ, `Öàðñòâî äóõà è öàðñòâà Êåñàðÿ~, 291 ñòð.<br />
80. piesis komentarebi:<br />
me Semiyvarda samyaros wyvdiadiT mosili Rame<br />
avadoba am epoqisa,<br />
da ganZarcvuli suli.<br />
romlis samoseli<br />
sazarelma qariSxalma miitaca,<br />
J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~ gv. 84.<br />
emanuelo godebs, radgan is codvad miiTvlis wyvdiadiT<br />
mosili Ramis siyvaruls da roca, martin haidegeri cdilobs<br />
aRweros es `wyvdiadiT mosili Rame~, is aseT interpretacias<br />
gvTavazobs:<br />
`dgeba saRamo, mas Semdeg rac `samni SeTanxmebulni~ _<br />
heraklem, dionisem da qristem datoves dedamiwis samyaro,<br />
saRamo Ramisken gadaixreba~.<br />
logikuri wakiTxvis SemweobiT Cven SeiZleba ukeTes<br />
SemTxvevaSi paradoqsi aRmovaCinoT, an, ubralod sityvaTa<br />
Jonglioroba.<br />
magram es sityvebi iseTi profetis mier iwereba, rogorc<br />
magaliTad heraklitea. da Cven asociaciiT, gagvaxsendeba misi<br />
cnobili fraza:<br />
`mze ara marto marad axalia, aramed maradRe axalic~.<br />
es fraza migvaxvedrebs, rom heraklite da haidegeri Tumca<br />
erTdaigive instrumentze ukravs, magram sxvadasxva musikas.<br />
mivaqcioT yuradReba, rom haidegerTan msoflio Ramis<br />
daRameba unda ganvicadoT ara rogorc raRac totaluroba,<br />
romelic erTbaSad gveZleva, aramed msoflio Rame unda ganvicadoT,<br />
rogorc yoveli wamis, sazareli wamis saukuned<br />
qceva.<br />
_ es niSnavs, rom msoflio Rame Ramisken gadaixreba. am<br />
sazarel daRamebas, Tavzardamcemad ganicdis emanuelo; da is<br />
monawile xdeba haidegeris sityvebis:<br />
_ `msoflio Rame ufro da ufro ganavrcobs mrume wyvdiwyvdi- ads~.<br />
aq ukve azri gonebis sicxadiT ki aRar iwereba, radgan<br />
262 263
Cven wminda musikis sferoSi gadavdivarT da vismenT godebas,<br />
romelic RvTaebrivis ganqrobisgan mogvrili didi tkivilisgan<br />
moedineba. cxadia, filosofia aq Tavis sazRvrebidanaa<br />
gasuli da ase iqceva is, im filosofiad, romelzedac<br />
platoni ocnebobda: dauwereli teqstis filosofiad. aq<br />
epoqis is avadoba aRiwereba, romlis aRsawerad tarkovski<br />
`apokalifsis~ am fragments airCevs:<br />
`netar ars, romeli ikiTxvides da romelni ismenden sityuaTa<br />
amis winaswarmetyuelebisaTa da daimarxon, ra igi mas<br />
Sina weril ars, rameTu Jami axlo ars~ (gam. 1, 3), rasac<br />
a. tarkovski aseT komentars ukeTebs:<br />
_ `magram Cven ar viciT da ar SegviZlia vTqvaT, rodis mova<br />
es dro da ranairad aris igi `axlos~, _ es Cven ar viciT.<br />
es SeiZleba moxdes xval, an aTasi wlis Semdeg da swored<br />
masSi vpoulobT adamianis mTel sazriss, adamianisa, romelic<br />
iRebs pasuxismgeblobas Tavis cxovrebasa da qmedebaze~.<br />
a. tarkovski `apokalifsi~ mTargmn. d. akriani, gv. 20<strong>1.</strong><br />
m. haidegeri, Tavis genialur reqviemSi igulisxmeba _<br />
`risTvis vimRero?~ ase wers:<br />
_ `es dro daRdasmulia RmerTis armosvliT (Zvel qar-<br />
Tulad es ase iTqmis _ `piraSkmuloba RvTisa~), misi imedgacruebiT~.<br />
da m. haidegeri ase agrZelebs:<br />
_ `... RmerTis imedgacrueba niSnavs, rom araviTar RmerTs<br />
ukve aRar ZaluZs saCinod da ase fxizlad Semoikribos Tavis<br />
irgvliv adamianebi da sagnebi, radgan am SemokrebiT msoflio<br />
istorias ver aqcevs erTis harmoniad da cxadia, am msoflioSi<br />
adamianis myofoba veRar Caiwereba~.<br />
m. haidegeri _ `risTvis vimRero?~ Targm. rus. J. siraZe.<br />
emanuelos `avadoba~ _ `RmerTis wasvlaze mianiSnebs~,<br />
Tumca rom mas Seuyvarda `wyvdiadiT mosili Rame~ _ es<br />
niSnavs, rom RmerTis wasvla, misi droebis es avadoba, mis<br />
bedTan aris gadajaWvuli da man, rogorc xelovanma unda<br />
gaiazros, gadalaxos da iwvdomos am avadobis simZime.<br />
exla ki mivadeqiT yvelaze rTul sakiTxs:<br />
`da ganZarcvuli suli<br />
romlis samoseli<br />
sazarelma qariSxalma miitaca~.<br />
J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~<br />
es metismetad rTuli pasaJia. ganZarcvuli suli im avadmyofi<br />
epoqis pirmSoa, raSidac emanuelo daeWvda da es iWvi<br />
ukve misi danaSaulia, radgan am iWvSi ido mamis uaryofac<br />
da misi sikvdilic.<br />
ganZarcvuli suli _ es igavmiuwvdomeli xilvaa sulisa,<br />
im sulisa, romelic Tanamedrove avadmyofi epoqis SekveTiT<br />
axerxebs jer orad gaixliCos da romelSic TiTqosda sikeTisa<br />
da borotebis ganyofa ar xdeba da ufro metic viTomcda<br />
RvTaebrivis gonmiuwvdom naTebaSi maTi ganqvroba mimdinareobs,<br />
rogorc es magaliTad, fr. nicSes am frazaSi:<br />
_ `Ñòûäèòüñÿ ñâîåé áåçíðàâñòâåííîñòè _ ýòî îäíî èç<br />
ñòóïåíåé òîé ëåñòíèöû, íà âåðøèíå êîòîðîé ñòûäÿòñÿ òàêæå<br />
ñâîåé íðàâñòâåííîñòè~.<br />
Ôð. Íèöøå, `Ïî òó ñòîðîíó äîáðà è çëà~, ñòð. 295<br />
sartric63 cdilobs am mdgomareobis aRweras, magram ufro<br />
ugergilod:<br />
`Òðåâîãà åñòü, äàæå åñëè åå ñêðûâàþò~.<br />
Semiyvarda samyaros wyvdiadiT mosili Rame _ Semiyvarda,<br />
imasac niSnavs, rom xelovani Tavis droebazea Seyvarebuli, da<br />
mijaWvuli, radgan es misi bedisweraa. is, Tavisi sulismieri<br />
gziT, Tavisi xat-saxeebiT asaxavs Tavis droebas, Tavis epoqas.<br />
epoqa _ aris misi samoseli, _ anu yvelaferi, rac iTqmis<br />
xelovanis mier, nasazrdoebia misive cxovrebidan.<br />
sazareli qariSxali _ is Tavzardamcemi movlenaa, romelsac<br />
n. berdiaevi aRwers, rogorc xelovani da filosofi:<br />
_ `... sul erTianad gamqrala mziT gasxivosnebuli sicocxlis<br />
sixaruli. zamTris kosmiur qartexils erTianad<br />
Camouglejia yvelafrisTvis safarveli... uxrwneli silamazis<br />
264 265
xatebad movlenili erTiani sxeuli daSlila, danawevrebula<br />
da geCveneba, rom aRarasodes dadgeba kosmiuri gazafxuli...<br />
TiTqos pikasoseuli saSineli zamTris Semdeg samyaro verasodes<br />
ayvavildeba ise, rogorc es xdeboda adre...~<br />
n. berdiaevi. `xelovnebis krizisi~. gv. 189.<br />
roca m. haidegeris filosifias ganixilavda, erTi komentatori<br />
ase werda:<br />
– `ñòðóêòóðó ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî áûòèÿ â åå öåëîñíîñòè<br />
Õàéäåããåð îáîçíà÷àåò êàê `çàáîòó~. Îíà ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé<br />
åäèíñòâî òðåõ ìîìåíòîâ: ìîìåíòîâ<br />
<strong>1.</strong> áûòèå _ в мире<br />
2. Çàáåãàíèÿ âïåðåä<br />
3. Áûòèÿ ïðè âíóòðèìèðîâîé ñóùåì.<br />
`Ñîâðåìåííàÿ Ñîâðåìåííàÿ áóðæóàçíàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ~ ôèëîñîôèÿ ñòð. 292.<br />
da me TviToeul momentTan haidegeris `samni SeTanxmebuli~-s<br />
saxeli davwere:<br />
<strong>1.</strong> dionise 2 _ herakle, 3 _ ieso qriste.<br />
8<strong>1.</strong> piesis komentari:<br />
me Semiyvarda filosofosi da poeti,<br />
datanjuli da mocaxcaxe<br />
radgan, iq dadga<br />
sadac arafris gamoTqma ar SeiZleba<br />
da vixileT qmnadobis procesi<br />
_ mzis Riaoba<br />
_ da azris azri<br />
_ azri _ aravis da arafers, rom ara hgavs,<br />
_ grZnoba _ aravisa da arafers, rom ara hgavs~<br />
J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~ gv. 84.<br />
am strofis gasagebad, me moviSvelieb hiordelinis Semoqmedebas.<br />
mis SemoqmedebaSi _ `iq dadgoma~, anu kaSkaSa mzis<br />
sicxadis pirispir warsdgoma imiT dasrulda, rom hiordelinis<br />
bavSvuri miamitobiTa da gasaocari sinaziT mosilma<br />
diadma sulma ver miiRo saukunis avadoba, _ da rogorc<br />
m. haidegeri wers:<br />
_ `... is sigiJem moicva da dedis saxlSi brundeba~<br />
da ai, ras wers igi (hiordelini) Tavad:<br />
_ `Zlevamosili stiqioni, cecxli zecisa da adamianTa<br />
simSvide, maTi SezRuduloba da kmayofileba yovelTvis<br />
mTrgunavda da rogorc gmirebze amboben xolme Semdeg, mec<br />
SemiZlia vTqva:<br />
_ `apolonma mZlia da damca~. (xazgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe)<br />
da ukve haidegeri aRwers _ `iq dgomas~, _ sadac arafris<br />
gamoTqma ar SeiZleba.<br />
`Warbma naTelma wyvdiadSi Caagdo poeti~, _ magram haidegeri<br />
araswor interpretacias gvTavazobs, roca aseT kiTxvas<br />
svams:<br />
`kidev raime sabuTia saWiro imis saCveneblad, rom misi<br />
saqmianoba saSiSia~, m. haidegeri `hiordelini da poeziis<br />
arsi~ mTargmn. n. gelaSvili. gv. 245<br />
ueWvelia, rom, poetis Semoqmedeba saSiSia, SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />
Tavzardamcemic, magram hiordelini xom haidegerisTvis aris<br />
bedisweris mier, erTdroulad gamorCeuli da ganwiruli<br />
poeti, romelzedac Tavad haidegeri wers:<br />
_ `poezia hiordelinisa aRbeWdilia poeturi mowodebiT<br />
_ sakuTriv Semoimoqmedos poeziis arsi.<br />
... magram poetis Sesaxeb poeturi Semoqmedeba gana ar aris<br />
niSani gzaSemcdari TviTasaxvisa da amave dros gamotydoma<br />
samyarouli sisavsis arqonaSi?~.<br />
m. haidegeri `hiordelini da poeziis arsi~ Targmn. n.<br />
gelaSvili.<br />
berw droSi poeti veRar qmnis, radgan misi unayofobis<br />
mizezi misi daeWvebaa Tavad SemoqmedebiT procesSi, _ Cems<br />
piesaSi es ase iTqmis:<br />
`mzis Riaoba<br />
da azris azri<br />
266 267
azri, _ aravisa da arafers, rom ara hgavs.<br />
grZnoba _ aravisa da arafers, rom ara hgavs~.<br />
J. siraZe. `xelovanis gza~ gv. 84.<br />
amitomac am dros poeti miubrundeba Tavad SemoqmedebiT<br />
process da mis kvlevas awarmoebas.<br />
es niSnavs, rom is, mzis sicxades usworebs Tvals, anu<br />
STagonebis igavmiuwvdomel gzaSi `imzireba~ an, masze wers.<br />
ai, ras vkiTxulobT martin haidegeris esse-Si:<br />
`Ñóùíîñòè ïîýòà, èñòèííîãî ïîýòà â òàêîå âðåìÿ ìèðà,<br />
ñâîéñòâåííî òî, ÷òî èç âñåé ñêóäíîñòè âðåìåíè òâîð÷åñêèì<br />
âîïðîñîì äëÿ íåãî ñòàíîâèòüñÿ ïðåæäå âñåãî ïîýòè÷åñêîå<br />
òâîð÷åñòâî è ïðèçâàíèå ïîýòà~.<br />
Ì. Õàéäåããåð, `Ïåòü _ äëÿ ÷åãî?~ 184 ñòð.<br />
da Semdeg haidegeri agrZelebs:<br />
`Áûòü ïîýòîì â ñêóäíîå âðåìÿ _ çíà÷èò âîñïåâàÿ,<br />
óêàçûâàòü íà ñëåä óøåäøèõ áîãîâ. Ïîòîìó-òî âî âðåìÿ<br />
ìèðîâîé íî÷è ïîýò ñêàçûâàåò Ñâÿùåííîå. Âîò ïî÷åìó<br />
ìèðîâàÿ íî÷ü ó øëüäåðëèíà _ ñâÿùåííàÿ íî÷ü.~<br />
М. Хаидеггер `Ïåòü – äëÿ ÷åãî?~ 184 ñòð.<br />
magram Cven yuradRebas ipyrobs da Semdeg gvaforiaqebs<br />
Tavad is faqti, rom SemoqmedebiTi procesis kvleva, _ STagonebaSi<br />
Camzera, _ uciloblad ukavSirdeba wasul RmerTebs<br />
da maT mier datovebul nakvalevs.<br />
erTis SexedviT haidegeris moyvanili sityvebi:<br />
_ `poeturad cxovreba niSnavs RmerTTan pirispir dgomasa<br />
da saganTa arsis siaxloviT gaTangulobas. `poeturia~<br />
yofiereba Tavis safuZvelSi, amave dros niSnavs: rogorc<br />
daarsebuli is damsaxureba ki ara, saCuqaria~.<br />
m. haidegeri, `hiordelini da poeziis arsi~, 243 gv.<br />
mTargmn. n. gelaSvili.<br />
berw droSi moqceul poets esadageba es sityvebi, Tu<br />
ubralod es Secdomaa? radgan, rogorc TviTon aRniSnavs<br />
jer erTi: poeturad cxovreba niSnavs RmerTTan pirispir<br />
dgomas.<br />
magram cxadia, berw droSi es ver ganxorcieldeba, radgan<br />
Tumca gajiutebuli da uazrod gaxevebuli poeti dgeba<br />
kaSkaSa mzis sicxadis winaSe. magram mowiwebisa da kdemis<br />
gareSe RmerTi ar midis poetTan da es ver gansruldeba da<br />
wasuli RmerTis nakvalevi da misi diadi naTeba abrmavebs<br />
hiordelins.<br />
arc saganTa arsis siaxloviT gaTanguloba gveZleva, _<br />
radgan didi sagnebi gaurbian im adamians, vinc locvis da<br />
mowiwebis gareSe bedavs maTTan miaxlebas, vinc eZiebs anu<br />
manamde ar irwmuna, vidre ar ixila.<br />
hiordelinze (miuxedavad imisa, rom is goeTes epoqas ganekuTvneba)<br />
Cven SegviZlia is tragikuli sityvebi gamoviyenoT,<br />
rac oqtavio passim ortega-i-gasetze warmoTqva:<br />
_ `mas SeuZlia mzes miaSterdes da Tavisi Crdili, gamosaxuleba<br />
ver dainaxos~, `igi sakuTar sikvdils ver gani cdida~.<br />
apokalifsuri Jamis xelovnebis `kanoni~ aseTia. is<br />
msoflio Ramis, qmnadobis procesis igavmiuwvdomel procesTan<br />
gajiutebiT gaaCerebs Semoqmeds. haidegeri wers:<br />
`È âñå æå ìèðîâóþ íî÷ü ñëåäóåò ìûñëèòü êàê ó÷àñòü,<br />
ñâåðøàþùóþñÿ ïî òó ñòîðîíó ïåññèìèçìà è îïòèìèçìà~,<br />
`Ïåòü äëÿ ÷åãî?~ Ì. Õàéäåããåð. 182 ñòð.<br />
cxadi xdeba, rom emanuelo cdeba, roca fiqrobs, rom aq,<br />
STagoneba-qmnadobis procesSi Camzerisas, SesaZloa miswvdes<br />
azris azrs azrs.<br />
Tanamedrove xelovnebis nimuSebma gagvimJRavnes, rom `azris<br />
azri~ mxolod iluzia, Cixi iyo, romlis iqiT vixileT<br />
RmerTs ganSorebuli samyaros gaucxoebuli sagnebi, an rogorc,<br />
haidegeri wers: `ufskrulze Camokidebuli sagnebi~. Tu<br />
Tvals mivadevnebT Tanamedrove xelovnebas, misi nawarmoebis<br />
mTavari personaJia erTis mxriv massis adamiani, romelsac<br />
pirobiTad SeiZleba aravin vuwodoT, _ da romelmac moitana<br />
swored ara sulis rafinireba da azrovnebis simaRle, aramed<br />
268 269
sxeulis yvela cToma, _ misi yvela survilis usasrulod<br />
gazrda da gazviadeba.<br />
ortega i gaseti roca definicias gvTavazobda, imedovnebda<br />
kidec, rom Tanamedrove xelovani, _ wminda sulis darad<br />
SesZlebda kidec camde aRsvlas da kosmosis xmis gaJRerebas:<br />
_ `poeti iwyeba iq, sadac mTavrdeba adamiani. erTis bedi<br />
Tavisi adamianuri gziT siarulia, meores misia _ ararsebulis<br />
Seqmna~.<br />
ortega-i-gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~, 62 gv.<br />
mTargmn. b. bregvaZe.<br />
an meoregan<br />
`pirovnuli, rogorc yvelaze adamianuri, yvelaze ufro<br />
gadaWriT uariyofa axali xelovnebis mier. amas gansakuTrebiT<br />
naTlad gvimowmebs musika da poezia~.<br />
ortega i gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~. 51 gv. mTargmn.<br />
b. bregvaZe<br />
Tumca samwuxaroa rom Tanamedrove xelovnebam es<br />
moTxovnebi ver gaamarTla.<br />
82. piesis komentari:<br />
`nuTu Cveni adamianuri daniSnulebis Zieba<br />
im wertilis Ziebas moagavs,<br />
romelic ar arsebobs?!<br />
da Cven SeSlilobas ki es warmousaxavs,<br />
rogorc raRac `simyare~.<br />
SeS-li-lo-bis daR-li-lo-ba!!!<br />
SeS-li-lobis daR-li-lo-ba!!!<br />
RmerTi _ wertili!!! mzis sxivi _ wertili!!!<br />
J. siraZe `xelovnebis gza~ gv. 87.<br />
emanuelSi mxolod da mxolod gaielvebs sazari da Tavzardamcemi<br />
skepsisi adamianis diad misiaze, mis daniSnulebaze<br />
miwier samyaroSi. amis iqiT ki dgas avadmyofi epoqis Tanamedrove,<br />
did moazrovneTa sulismieri gzis monaxazebi.<br />
roca a. kamiu wers:<br />
`is, ucxoc, zogjer sarkidan rom Semogvegebeba, nacnobi<br />
da mainc gulismomwyvleli Cveni RviZli Zma, romelsac vpoulobT<br />
sakuTar fotoebze, esec absurdia~.<br />
a. kamiu `sizifes miTi~. gv. 2<strong>1.</strong> mTargmn. n. iordaniSvili.<br />
an, meoregan:<br />
_ `kaci telefonze laparakobs SuSis tixars miRma. misi<br />
xma ar ismis. magram mis mimikas vadevnebT Tvals: Tavs ekiTxebi,<br />
ratom cxovrobs es kaci. es SeSfoTeba adamianis araadamianurobis<br />
winaSe, rom gveufleba, es moulodneli damxoba xatisa,<br />
rasac gunebaSi warmovidgendiT es `gulzidva~, rogorc amas<br />
Cveni drois erTi avtori uwodebs, esec absurdia~.<br />
a. kamiu `sizifes miTi~, 21 gv. frangulidan Targmna n.<br />
iordaniSvilma.<br />
am samyaroSi adamiani sakuTari Tavis, `Sinagani adamianis~,<br />
im uRrmesi me-s Wvretas, romelsac xan sarkeSi arekvlisas<br />
aRmoaCens, xan fotosuraTze, xan ki axlobelTan, Tu ucnob-<br />
Tan saubrisas, romlis xilvas Tu sxva `epoqaSi~ udidesi<br />
TrTolviTa da sixaruliT egebeboda `dRes~ Cven Tanamedroveni<br />
am sixarulisa da am aRmtaci TrTolvis SesaZleblobas<br />
xan absurds vuwodebT, xan ki gulzidvas.<br />
es niSnavs, rom Cven amoyiravebuli samyaros modelSi<br />
moveqeciT da am samyaroSi yvelaze didi Rirebuleba _ aTv-<br />
lis wertili _ absurdia. gaucxoebul qmedebaTa jami.<br />
am modelSi Sens Tavs, rom miauxlovde, Seni Tavi rom<br />
Seicno _ es yvelaze didi danaSauli da Secdomaa, anu abab- surdi, radgan aq, rogorc m. haidegeri dawers:<br />
_ `siyvaruls ukve aRaraferi ZaluZs:<br />
mTliani teqsti ki _ aseTia:<br />
`Ñìåðòü óêðûòà çàãàäêîé. îñòàåòñÿ òåìíîé òàéíà áîëè.<br />
Íè÷åãî íå óìååò ëþáîâü~<br />
Ì. Õàéäåããåð. `Ïåòü _ äëÿ ÷åãî~ 186 ñòð.<br />
270 271
atom iwereba Cems teqstSi adamianur daniSnulebaze da<br />
me ki ratom vwer da xazs gavusvam adamianis mier Tavisi<br />
Tavis Secnobis raobaze?<br />
radgan, Tavisi Tavis Secnoba aucilebeli xidi da safexuria,<br />
raTa aRvasruloT Cveni adamianuri daniSnulebis. umaRlesi<br />
misia miwier samyaroSi, rasac transcentaluri `me~-s<br />
moZieba ewodeba, es Sinagan saxlSi dabrunebaa, anu RmerTis<br />
povna, zogi ki ityoda _ RmerTSi davanebaa. magram, es SeiZleba<br />
aRsruldes, Tu adamiani Tavisi Tavis Secnobas, Tavisi raobis<br />
moZiebas SesZlebs.<br />
Tavis Secnoba SeiZleba gamoixatos _ samSoblosTvis uan-<br />
garod sicocxlis gaRebaSi, Tu wminda siyvarulSi, an keTili<br />
saqmeebis aRsrulebaSi, an, mSoblis movaleobis aRsrulebisas,<br />
rac arc ise martivi saqmea, rogorc es sazogadod warmoudgeniaT.<br />
radgan namdvil mSobels gacnobierebuli aqvs is didi<br />
misia, rasac mas miwieri cxovreba avaldebulebs, da rac<br />
TavisTavad imasac gulisxmobs, rom is Tavis sulier gzas<br />
gadis da romlis aRsrulebisas RmerTi adamians ajildoebs<br />
ganuzomeli netarebiTa da sixarulis aurwyavi madliT.<br />
Tavisi Tavis cnobis siaxlovis gancdidan Tu ar ibadeba<br />
Cveni `saqmeebi~ _ es iqneba: wera, samSoblosaTvis Tavganwirva,<br />
megobroba, siyvaruli... _ Tavis Secnobis gareSe _ Seni adamianuri<br />
daniSnulebis gacnobierebis, _ Ziebis gareSe aRsrulebuli<br />
yvela saqme mkvdaria da usargeblo RmerTisTvis.<br />
platoni ase werda:<br />
`... filosofosTa gamoklebiT, yvela sxva kacis simamace<br />
SiSisgan iRebs dasabams, Tumca sisulele kia, simamacis sa-<br />
Taved SiSi da simxdale miaCndes kacs~. platoni `fedoni~<br />
24 gv.<br />
roca platoni sikvdilis SiSiT mirekil adamianTa saqmianobas<br />
usargeblod miiCnevs, es imasac niSnavs rom uwonado<br />
da Rirebuleba moklebulia adamianis nebismieri saqmianoba,<br />
romelSic ar aRsruldeba Tavis Secnoba _ Tu sikvdilis<br />
SiSi ar daiZleva anu aRsrulebuli es saqme Tavad unda iqces<br />
sakuTari raobis moZiebis gzad.<br />
emanuelSi mamis mkvlelobam bzari gaaCina da am bzaridan<br />
man igumana, rom samyaroSi SeiZleba arsebobdes boroteba,<br />
_ magram misi ubiwo suli vera ver iRebs am borotebas da<br />
am ryevisas diadi tanjvis kvali Semoixazeba. am sazareli<br />
skepsisis dros, is epoqis tkivils `xelT aiRebs~ da misi<br />
sityvebi ukve epoqis xmaa.<br />
RmerTi _ wertili! da mzis sxivi _ wertili!<br />
RmerTi _ wertili! _ amis iqiT igulisxmeba Tanamedrove<br />
gamoCenil adamianTa naazrevi. maT Soris upirvelesia orni:<br />
_ froidi da lorensi.<br />
RmerTi _ wertilad iqca mas Semdeg, rac zigmund froidma<br />
seqsualur energiasa da RvTaebriv energias Soris tolobis<br />
niSani dasva. roca RvTaebriobamde misasvleli gza _ sityviT<br />
libidoTi monaTla, riTac anatomiur enaze Targmna igavmiuwvdomeli<br />
RvTaebrivi gzneba da cecxli.<br />
oidoposis kompleqsi, RmerTis wertilad warmomCeni Teoriaa,<br />
radgan is erTaderT ambavs, oidiposis ambavs gadaacmevs<br />
kacobriobis usasrulod mravalferovan ambebs, raTa adamianis<br />
RvTaebrivi misia cxovelis brma instinqtamde daiyvanos.<br />
es martivi sqema `gadidebuli saxiT~ daefina RvTaebrivis<br />
igavmiuwvdomel gzas.<br />
amiT, imis Tqma minda Tu ramdenad daSorda adamiani Tavis<br />
amaRlebul misias da magaliTad, roca paskalis azrebs<br />
vkiTxulobT, aq Semoixazeba adamianis iseTi sidiade _ romelic<br />
dRevandeli adamianisTvis gaugebaria, da cxadia miuRebelic.<br />
ai, es azrebi:<br />
_ 57 `araTanazomadoba kacisa _ dae, adamiani miiqces<br />
bunebis mTeli savsebisa da sidiadis Wvretad; dae, aaridos<br />
Tvali mis garemomcvel ubadruk sagnebs: dae, umziros TvalismomWrel<br />
naTels, uSreti CiraRdaniviT rom anaTebs samyaros.<br />
272 273
dae, Seignos, rom dedamiwa mxolod da mxolod wertilia im<br />
uzarmazar wresTan SedarebiT, romelsac Semoswers Suqmoiefe<br />
mze; dae, SeZrwundes im azris gamo, rom TviT es uzarmazari<br />
wrec, Tavis mxriv mxolod uCino wertilia cis TaRze msrboli<br />
sxva varskvlavebis orbitebTan SedarebiT.<br />
...mTeli xiluli samyaro sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara qrTilis<br />
marcvali bunebis veeba wiaRSi. veraviTari idea ver moicavs<br />
mas... sinamdvilesTan SedarebiT xelT gvrCeba mxolod atomebi.<br />
samyaro usazRvro da usasrulo sferoa, romlis centri<br />
yvelganaa, periferia ki arsad. uflis yovlisSemZleobis<br />
yvelaze aSkarad sagrZnobi da TvalsaCino gamovlenac swored<br />
isaa, rom Cveni warmosaxva dabneuli Cerdeba, am Tavzardamcemi<br />
sidiadis winaSe da ukvalod ikargeba RvTaebriv azrSi.<br />
da maSinac ki roca Cven ase TviTneburad SevkvecavT<br />
paskalis azrs da is Tavis Zalmosilebas araTu dakargavs,<br />
_ da ufro metic Cven mudam iseTi gancda gveufleba, rom<br />
reqviemis sasowarmkveTi da amaRlebuli musika Cagvesmis. ai<br />
es sityvebi:<br />
_ `amaze fiqri Tavzardamcemia., vinc warmoidgens, rom<br />
nivTieri garsi, romelSiac is moaqcia bunebam, or ufskruls<br />
Soris qanaobs, _ usasrulobis ufskrulsa da araraobis ufskruls<br />
Soris _ uTuod ZrwolviT aRivseba am saswaulis winaSe<br />
da me mgoni misi cnobiswadili gancvifrebad Seicvleba, xolo<br />
bunebis qedmaRali mkvlevari mdumare mWvretelad iqceva.<br />
da marTlac ra aris adamiani samyaroSi?~ (xazgasma Cemia<br />
_ J. sisaZe).<br />
b. paskali `azrebi~ mTargm. baCana bregvaZe. 199 gv.<br />
da Tumca paskalTan xSirad meordeba sityva wertili wertili,<br />
magaliTad, rom dedamiwa da mzec mxolod wertilia wertilia, magram<br />
paskalis yoveli aRqma, yoveli fraza mxolod agvamaRlebs<br />
da maTi saSualebiT Cven ufro da ufro vuaxlovdebiT ciur<br />
sagnebs da Cvenc didi TrTolviT vgrZnobT, rom Cveni sulic<br />
RvTaebrivis mosiyvarule sagnad gardaisaxeba.<br />
maSin roca Tanamedrove teqstebSi, adamianis, RmerTis,<br />
mzis sxivis _ STagonebis _ sruli damcroba da sazrisis<br />
mokleba xdeba.<br />
mas Semdeg, rac fridrih nicSem Semoitana intonaciaze<br />
gamaxvilebuli saTqmeli, Cven ukve daviwyeT frazis ara marto<br />
sazrisis, aramed swored tonis, xmis intonaciis mosmenac da<br />
musikaluri nabijebiT urTulesi gzis daZleva da naazrevis<br />
aRdgena.<br />
da pol valeri, Tanamedrove epoqis Svili, paskalis stilis<br />
mosmenis saSualebiT, saSualebiT _ paskalis gadafasebasac axerxebs:<br />
_ `maradiuli dumili~ da a.S. _ paskalisTvis Seuferebeli<br />
Jonglioroba~<br />
p. valeri, `azrebi~, 371 gv.<br />
da Cven, ar unda gagvakvirvos, Tomas manis mcdelobam _<br />
moisminos, da intonaciidan aagos goeTes `sulis Senoba~.<br />
Tomas mani goeTes aseT citirebas SemogvTavazebs:<br />
`... Îí îòêðîâåííî è ïðÿìî çàÿâëÿë, ÷òî åìó íèêîãäà íå<br />
ïðèõîäèëîñü ñëûøàòü î òàêîì ïðåñòóïëåíèè, íà êîòîðîå îí<br />
íå ÷óâñòâîâàë áû ñåáÿ ñïîñîáíûì...~<br />
da Semdeg. _ Tomas mani `mosmenis gziT~ aseT komentars<br />
SemogvTavazebs:<br />
_ `Ýòî _ ñëîâà ÷åëîâåêà, âîñïèòàííîãî â äóõå ïèåòèñòñêè<br />
_ óãëóáëåííîãî èçó÷åíèÿ ñâîåé ñîâåñòè; Îäíàêî â íèõ<br />
ïðåîáëàäàåò ýëåìåíò ýëëèíñêîé äóøåâíîé ÷èñòîòû.<br />
Âåðíî, ÷òî ýòè õëàäíîêðîâíûå ñëîâà _ âûçîâ áþðãåðñêîé<br />
äîáðîäåòåëè, íî âíèõ áîëüøå õëàäíîêðîâèÿ è ãîðäûíè, ÷åì<br />
õðèñòèàíñêîãî ñàìîóíè÷òîæåíèÿ, â íèõ áîëüøå äåðçîñòè,<br />
÷åì ãëóáèíû _ â ðåëèãèîçíîì ñìûñëå~. ñìûñëå<br />
Ò. Ìàíí `Äîñòîåâñâêèé _ ïî ìåðó~ ñîáð. ñî÷. I. IX ñòð.<br />
33<strong>1.</strong><br />
(am mcire gadaxvevis Semdeg mivubrundeT saTqmels):<br />
a. kamiu wers:<br />
_ `absurdi, romelic aqamde daskvnad iyo miCneuli, am<br />
esse-iSi aTvlis wertilad gvevlineba~.<br />
a. kamiu `sizifes miTi~ 3 gv. mTargmneli n. iordaniSvili.<br />
274 275
a. kamiu swored am wertilad qcevis gzas Semoxazavs,<br />
rasac kidev erTxel gvidasturebs kamius winasityvaoba:<br />
_ `aq naxavT mxolod sulis avadobis aRweras, romelsac<br />
jer arc metafizika Serevia da arc rwmeniT aris daRdasmuli.<br />
aseTi gaxlavT am wignis sazRvrebi da erTgvari winaswar<br />
akviatebuli azrebic~.<br />
a. kamiu, `sizifes miTi~, 4 gv. mTargmneli n. iordaniSvili.<br />
da roca wertili, aq aRiwereba, rogorc sulis avadoba,<br />
romelsac metafizika ver Seexeba da arc rwmeniT iqneba<br />
daRdasmuli. amiT isev miniSnebaa, rom kamiu yovelTvis yofierebis<br />
CarCoSi darCeba. misTvis simamacea ara sikvdilis<br />
SiSis daZleva, da adamianuri sazRvrebidan gasvla, aramed<br />
mis sazRvrebSi gaZleba da am poziciebidan mas _ epoqis sibrmave<br />
STaagonebs rom sulis gzis _ RmerTis _ wertilad<br />
qceva unda SeiZlos.<br />
ai, ras wers igi:<br />
_ `sxeulis danaskvni gonebis danaskvns diaxac udris<br />
da xorci ukan ixevs ganadgurebis SiSiT. cxovrebas manamde<br />
veCveviT, vidre fiqrs viswavlideT~.<br />
a. kamiu, `sizifes miTi~.<br />
`adamianuri daniSnulebis Zieba~ _ sakuTari Tavis xilvaa<br />
igavimiuwvdomel RvTiur sarkeSi da Tavisi Tavis cnoba. `SeS- `SeS-<br />
lilobis daRliloba~ _ es SeSliloba, aris igavmiuwvdomeli<br />
`me~-s ganqromis saSiSroebis winaSe `dgoma~. `SeSlilobis<br />
daRliloba~ _ es, uzarmazari garbenaa kosmosSi, sadac adamiani<br />
moixilavs yvelafers da arafers erTdroulad, erTdroulad da ase<br />
iwvdomebs, rom mas aqvs boZebuli is umaRlesi madli, rasac<br />
RvTaebrivis saCuqari hqvia _ Tavisufali arCevani arCevani.<br />
emanuelos SeSlilobis daRliloba, daRliloba is tragikuli sibrmavea,<br />
rac Tanamdevia XX saukunis wamyvani moazrovneebisa,<br />
filosofosebisa Tu xelovanTaTvis, radgan Tu maradJams<br />
isini TavianTi waruvali, ukvdavi `me~-dan ganWvretdnen TavianT<br />
daniSnulebas da samyaros sazriss. dRes TviT genialur<br />
moazrovneebsac ki waerTvaT xedvis niWi. radgan isini amoyiravebul<br />
samyaroSi moRvaweoben da ufskrulze Camokidebuli<br />
sagnebi gamoxataven da gankargaven maT samyaros da cxadia<br />
gansazRvraven kidec maT saTqmels. amitom, arc aris gasakviri,<br />
rom oqtavio pasi ortega-i-gasetis Sesaxeb ase wers:<br />
_ `im uzarmazar, da mravalferovan memkvidreobaSi, romelic<br />
man Cven dagvitova, sam nakls vxedav... pirveli is, rom<br />
igi instrospeqtuli araa amas ki yovelTvis TviTironiisken<br />
mivyavarT _ igi ver xedavda Tavs da amitom verc sakuTar<br />
anarekls amCnevda sarkeSi. meore, rac gamoepara ortega i. ga-<br />
sets sikvdilia, rRveva, romelic nebismier Senebas Tan sdevs~.<br />
oqtavio pasi `xose ortega i gaseti~ rogor da risTvis~.<br />
yvelaze Tavzardamcemi, albaT is aris, rom Tanamedrove<br />
geniosebis Sefasebas Seesabameba im mosazrebas, rac Tavis<br />
droze oqtavio pasim gamoTqva ortega-i-gasetze:<br />
_ `mas SeuZlia miaSterdes mzes, magram sikvdils igi<br />
ver xedavs~.<br />
amoyiravebuli samyaros modeli, rom warmovidginoT,<br />
SegviZlia martin haidegeris sityvebi gavixsenoT:<br />
_ `Íî÷íîå âðåìÿ ìèðà _ ñêóäíîå âðåìÿ, èáî ñòàíîâèòñÿ<br />
âñå ñêóäíåå. Îíî óæå ñòîëü ñêóäíî, ÷òî áîëüøå íå â<br />
ñîñòîÿíèè çàìåòèòü çèÿíèå áîãà êàê çèÿíèå~.<br />
Ì. Õàèäåãåð `Ïåòü-äëÿ ÷åãî~ 181 ñòð.<br />
emanuelos sazari skepsisi, rom viwvdomoT, _ haidegeris<br />
msoflio Rame unda gaviazroT da imasac CavwvdeT, rom es<br />
berwi droa. aq, sainteresoa xazgasma, rom am RameSi dro<br />
maradcvladobis msaxuri Seiqmna da is, veRar iqceva Jamad.<br />
radgan, rogorc haidegeri migvaniSnebs is _ ufro da ufro<br />
berwdeba da is, imdenad berwia, rom RmerTis imedgacruebaSi<br />
veRar amCnevs imedgacruebas.<br />
anu, _ sagani, verasodes gaxdeba Secnobadi _ radgan<br />
dakargulia igiveobis RvTaebrivi gza, _ riTac mimdinareobs<br />
cnobadoba. igiveoba, imitom aris SeuZlebeli berw droSi,<br />
rom sagnebi SemTxveviTobis pirmSoni arian.<br />
276 277
amitomacaa, aq SesaZlebelia SeuZlebeli _ mzis sicxadis<br />
winaSe adamiani sikvdilis idumal sarkeSi veRar icnobs<br />
TavisTavs.<br />
radgan Tanamedrove adamianma daiviwya, da siyalbed miiCnia<br />
`maTes saxarebaSi~ moyvanili sityvebi:<br />
7.13 `SediT viwro karibWiT, vinaidan farToa karibWe<br />
da ganieria gza, romelsac daRupvisken mihyavs da mravalni<br />
dadian masze.<br />
7.14. vinaidan viwroa karibWe da viwroa gza, rasac<br />
sicocxlis ken mihyavs da mciredni hpoveben mas~. maTes saxareba.<br />
viwro karibWeSi moiazreba sulis cxonebisken savali,<br />
rTuli da mZime gza. ris iqiTac igulisxmeba sakuTari Tavis<br />
WeSmariti Secnoba.<br />
82 a piesis komentari:<br />
`_ ra Rirebuleba aqvs nawers,<br />
nebismier avtors rom SeiZleba mieweros?<br />
SeiZleba momeweros me _ apolons!<br />
SeiZleba _ dionises! (xels iSvers misken)<br />
da SeiZleba _ biZaSens _ satirs!~<br />
J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~.<br />
Tumca am azrs satiri warmoTqvams, magram es azri<br />
Tanamedrove xelovnebis warmosaxviT samyaroSi warmoiTqmeba<br />
iseT did xelovanTa mier, rogoric p. valeria, romlis<br />
Semoqmedebis didi nawili, am sakiTxs mieZRvna.<br />
amis Sesaxeb Tavis rveulSi valeri wers:<br />
`...Òî ÷òî ñîñòàâëÿåò ïðîèçâåäåíèå, íå åñòü òîò, êòî<br />
ñòàâèò íà íåì ñâîå èìÿ. Òî, ÷òî ñîñòàâëÿåò ïðîèçâåäåíèå,<br />
íå èìååò èìåíè~.<br />
SesaniSnavi rusi komentatoris kazavois mxolod erT<br />
paralels moviyvan, ukve citirebuli a. valeris frazis<br />
Taobaze:<br />
`Ì. Õàéäåããåð â ñóùíîñòè ëèøü çàîñòðÿåò ýòó ïîçèöèþ,<br />
êîãäà ãîâîðèò: `Õóäîæíèë äëÿ ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ åñòü íå÷òî<br />
áåçðàçëè÷íîå; ìîæíî äàæå ñêàçàòü, ÷òî, óíè÷òîæàÿ ñåáÿ<br />
â ïðîöåññå òâîð÷åñòâà, îí ñïîñîáñòâóåò âîçâûøåíèþ<br />
ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ èñêóññòâà~. Êîìåíòàðèè: Â. Êîçîâîé.<br />
83. artiga-i-qimeriusi _ igulisxmeba ortega-i-gaseti<br />
(1883_1955) _ didi espaneli sociologi, filosofosi,<br />
eseisti. Tanamedrove modernistul Teoriaze Seqnili aqvs<br />
wigni `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~. wigni, romelmac gamoxata<br />
epoqis saTqmeli, Tumca ver vityvi rom man sasikeTo<br />
roli iTamaSa. pol valers rom davesesxo: `man Cveni sulis<br />
zrda ver SeZlo~. misi wignebi elvare metaforuli<br />
azrovnebis nimuSia. mas oqtavio pasma uZRvna <strong>genialuri</strong><br />
essei. _<br />
`ortega-i-gasets. rogor da risTvis?~ vaRiareb Oortega<br />
i. gasetis Rrma da originalur azrovnebas. Tumca iZulebuli<br />
gavxdi teqstSi is parodiuli saxeliT momexseniebina<br />
_ artiga i-qimeriusi.<br />
84. piesis komentari:<br />
`Cemma tanjvam dabada cremlT – mdinare<br />
da me am Cemi cremliT Seqmnil mdinareSi<br />
usasrulod vimzirebi da viZirebi.<br />
aq, Tavs iyris da moZraobs<br />
msoflios sagnebi<br />
da ase erTiandeba da sulierdeba<br />
samyaros yoveli azri, qmedeba da grZnoba~<br />
J. siraZe, `xelovanis gza~, gv. 97.<br />
roca iwereba cremliT Seqmnili mdinare<br />
cremliT Seqmnili mdinare, – es niSnavs,<br />
rom teqsti waiSala da nebismieri didi Semoqmedis mistiuri<br />
Sre ganvWvriteT.<br />
278 279
Tu mistiuri Sris `azrobriv Targmans~ movindomebT,<br />
SeiZleba goeTes gamonaTqvami gamogvadges:<br />
– `vinc erT sagans Caswvdeba, – is yvela sagnis gagebis<br />
unars iZens~.<br />
es unari RvTis saCuqaria, yvela im adamians rom eboZa,<br />
vinc Tavisi sulieri gzis erTguleba SesZlo da maSasadame<br />
mas RvTaebrivi gzneba – angelozebi miuZRvebian am gzaze.<br />
roca paskali wers:<br />
– `mdinareebi fexadgmuli gzebia, romlebic midian da<br />
mivyavarT iqiT, saiTac gza gviZevs~ b. paskali `azrebi~.<br />
mTargm. b. bregvaZe, 192 gv.<br />
am fraziT Cven vWvretT, Tu rogor devs paskalis geniaSi<br />
RvTaebriobis maradiuli sunTqva da amitomac angelozebi<br />
RvTaebrivis es macneebi TavianTi fizikuri sxeulebiT<br />
– mdinareebiT – pirdapir Cndebian nawerSi. amis dasturad<br />
me momyavs r. Staineris ganmarteba sulieri ierarqiebis Sesaxeb:<br />
a) mesame ierarqiaa dedamiwis, kacobriobis da civilizaciis<br />
Semoqmedi RvTaebrivi Zalebi:<br />
1) angelozebi (~macneni~) – cxovrebis sulebi, igive<br />
mwuxris sulebi. maTi emanaciaa yovelgvari keTili azri,<br />
keTili neba, saTnoeba, fSvinieri siTbo adamianSi. maTi fizikuri<br />
sxeulebia mdinareebi. yoveldRiurad da mravalgzis<br />
Semodian adamianTa cxovrebaSi~. r. Staineri<br />
angelozTa fizikuri sxeulebi mdinareebia, amaze migvaniSnebs<br />
axali aRTqmis teqsti, roca masSi iwereba:<br />
maTe 12.43 `xolo raJams suli igi arawminda ganvidis<br />
kacisagan, mimovaln urwyulTa adgilTa da eZiebn gansuenebasa<br />
da ara hpovi~.<br />
Teofilaqte bulgarelis sakmaod vrceli komentarebidan<br />
moviyvan mxolod im mcire fragments, romelic aRniSnul<br />
interpretacias Seavsebs:<br />
– `... Sen ki isic gaxsovdes, rom naTlisRebis gziT gandevnili<br />
uwminduri suli gaunaTlavs sulebTan erTad uwylo<br />
udabnoTa zeda daexeteba, magram iq mosvenebas ver poulobs,<br />
radganac demonebisaTvis mosveneba mxolod naTelRebulTa<br />
boroti saqmeebiT dacemaa...~<br />
Teofilaqte bulgareli `maTes saxarebis ganmarteba~.<br />
106 gv.<br />
85. fragmenti <strong>genialuri</strong> qarTveli poetis g. tabiZis<br />
leqsidan `udabno~ gv. 10<strong>1.</strong><br />
86. fragmenti g. tabiZis usaTauro leqsidan gv. 10<strong>1.</strong><br />
87. piesis komentari:<br />
87. piesis komentari:<br />
`aqamde msoflio emorCileboda Tqvens mier amorCeuli,<br />
ara, akviatebuli ideis,<br />
erTaderTi ideis tiranias!<br />
erTaderTi grZnobis tiranias!<br />
erTaderTi aRqmis tiraniases<br />
kacobriobis tragediaa!<br />
xelovanni zRvas ieso qristes darad gadaseraven,<br />
Tqveni Semoqmedeba erTaderTi nabijia... qristesadmi gadadgmuli!~<br />
`xelovanis gza~ J. siraZe<br />
es aris CixSi Semyvani, Tanamedrove xelovnebis Tu filosofiis<br />
TeoriaTa ilustrireba.<br />
viaCeslav ivanovi aseT usaxur frazas wers:<br />
`sakmarisi ar aris qriste, sakmarisi ar aris froidi,<br />
sakmarisi ar aris marqsi, egzistencializmi da buda~.<br />
erTis SexedviT, aq is iTqmis, rom Cven unda ganvTavisufldeT<br />
yvelafrisagan _ da ase kosmosis wminda xma movisminoT.<br />
TiTqosda amas exmianeba Tanamedrove `kulturis~ aqsioma<br />
erTi samyaros meore samyaros zRvarze Sexvedrisa, iq, sadac<br />
Cven arsad vimyo febiT da rogorc, r.barti ityoda: `haerSi<br />
unda avagoT teqsti~, an `haerSi mfrinavi teqsti~.<br />
fr. nicSe Tavis momavali filosofiis preludiaSi `si-<br />
280 281
keTisa da borotebis miRma~ am azris Tavisebur varirebas<br />
gvTavazobs:<br />
– 65. Ëþáîâü ê îäíîìó åñòü âàðâàðñòâî: èáî îíà<br />
îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ â óùåðá âñåì îñòàëüíûì. Òàêæå è ëþáîâü<br />
ê Áîãó~<br />
Ôð. Íèöøå, `Ïî òó ñòîðîíó äîáðà è çëà~. 291 ñòð.<br />
kosmosis wminda xmis iqiT dafaruli azri Tu gvinda<br />
moviZioT, es lakoniurad, naTlad magram `mkvaxed~ SeiZleba<br />
adornom64 gangvimartos:<br />
_ `sistema gonad qceuli mucelia~.<br />
igives wers, a. kamiu, sizifes miTSi~, oRond ufro poeturad:<br />
`sxeulis danaskvni gonebis danaskvs diaxac udris da<br />
xorci ukan ixevs ganadgurebis SiSiT, cxovrebam manam veCveviT,<br />
vidre fiqrs viswavlideT~. a. kamiu `sizifes miTi~, gv.<br />
11 gv. mTargmn. n. iordaniSvili.<br />
Tanamedroveoba, _ im safrTxobelas gaurbis, romelic<br />
man TavisTavs Tavad augo.<br />
samyaros ageba erTi `idee fi xe~-Ti _ oidiposis kompleqsiT,<br />
zg. froidma mogvca Tanamedrove samyaros, _ amoyiravebuli<br />
modelis mafuZnebelma. romelmac es oidiposis kompleqsi<br />
xelovnurad gadaacva yvela ambavs, yvela istorias, gardaxdenilsa,<br />
Tu SesaZlos.<br />
swored oidiposis kompleqsma Cauyara safuZveli im<br />
process, rom gamasxrebuliyo RvTiuri mzis sxiviT gasxivosnebuli<br />
gzis erTaderToba da swored, amis Semdgom moxda<br />
klasikaSi momqmedi sulieri, meore mzis sxiviT Suqmfeni gzis<br />
uaryofa. ase iCina Tavi klasikis damxobis SesaZleblobis<br />
gzamac.<br />
88. gv. 105. dante aligieri (1265-1321) – udidesi italieli<br />
poeti. avtori avtografiuli wignisa `axali cxovreba~<br />
da yvela drois Sedevrisa `RvTaebrivi komedia~.<br />
89. gv. 105. beatriCe – didi italieli poetis dante<br />
aligieris zeciuri satrfo. `naadrevad gardacvlili beatriCes<br />
saxiT (romlis sruli saxelia beatriCe portinari)<br />
avtorma madonas idealuri xati Seqmna, romelic sulieri<br />
simaRlisa da zneobrivi srulqmnilebis poetur simbolod<br />
iqca~. jemal ajiaSvili.<br />
90. gv. 106. espanus frangis iqiT igulisxmeba pablo<br />
pikaso _ (1881-1973). <strong>genialuri</strong> frangi mxatvari, mis Semoqmedebas<br />
pirobiTad yofen sam periodad: `cisferi periodi~,<br />
`vardisferi periodi~ da bolos `kubizmis periodi~.<br />
9<strong>1.</strong> gv. 107. fr. Sileri _ (1759-1805). _ didi germaneli<br />
poeti, <strong>dramaturgi</strong>, moazrovne, filosofosi, xelovnebis<br />
Teoretikosi, istorikosi. germ. ganmanaTleblobis gamoCenili<br />
warmomadgeneli. germ. klasikuri literaturis erTerTi<br />
fuZemdebeli.<br />
92.þgv. 107. m. paviCi _ daibada 1929 wels. gamoCenili<br />
serbi poeti, mwerali, mTargmneli da istorikosi. is ase<br />
werda Tavis Tavze: `safrangeTis da espaneTis kritikosebma<br />
XXI saukunis pirveli mwerali miwodes, Tumca XX saukuneSi<br />
vcxovrobdi, anu im droSi, roca ara brali da danaSauli,<br />
aramed udanaSauloba unda dagemtkicebina. teqstSi dramaSi<br />
`xelovanis gza~ milorad paviCi parodiuli saxeliT moixsenieba<br />
– paviCiusi.<br />
93. gv. 107. sent-egziuperi (1900-1944) – didi frangi<br />
mwerali, avtori Sedevrisa `patara ufliswuli~. aviatori,<br />
samoqalaqo da samxedro mfrinavi, eseisti da poeti.<br />
94. gv. 108. gv. 108. fridrih nicSe _ (1844_1900) _<br />
didi germaneli filosofosi.<br />
282 283
95. gv. 108. onore de balzaki _ (1789_1850) – didi<br />
frangi mwerali, romanisti. balzaki ambobda: `sakmarisi ar<br />
aris iyo ubralo adamiani, _ ambobda igi, unda iyo mTeli<br />
sistema~.<br />
amboben, rom man ukve uamravi romanis avtorma dante<br />
aligieris `RvTaebrivi~ komediis `sapirispirod~ roca<br />
moifiqra da Semoxaza Tavisi romanebis gamaerTianebeli<br />
saTauri `adamianuri komedia~, maSin igrZno Tavisi geniis<br />
Zalmosileba da mizandasaxuloba.<br />
96. gv. 109. sen-Jon persi _ didi frangi poeti.<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani da gaxmaurebuli nawarmoebi `anabasisi~.<br />
nobelis premia miiRo 1960 w.<br />
97. gv. 110. lev tolstoi _ (1828-1910) didi rusi<br />
mwerali.<br />
98. gv. 114-115. piesis komentari:<br />
`es me var emanuelos, oRond, arc mamaCemi mouklavs<br />
vinmes,<br />
arc dedeCemma uRalata mamaCems, arc fsiqea yofila Cemi<br />
STagoneba,<br />
da arc biZaCemis mokvlaze mifiqria<br />
mokled, _ es me var emanuelos, _ araferma gamomzarda<br />
da ase mivaRwie am monologamde<br />
ra saWiroa materialur samyaroTa rigebi,<br />
raRac pretexte-i, raRac _ causa, Tu isedac sulSi devs<br />
_ is,<br />
viT uumciresisa da uudidess saganTa paraleluri xazebi~2<br />
`xelovanis gza~ Jaklin siraZe. gv.115.<br />
1 iqnes es yvelaze rTuli pasaJia. aq, adamanis is igavmi-<br />
uwvdomeli idumaleba ganiTqmeba, romelic migvaniSnebs, Savi<br />
Ramis wyvdiadSi manaTobel im varskvlavze, romelic mxolod<br />
da mxolod im dausabamo usasrulobiTa da kosmosuri, Tavzardamcemi<br />
sicivis meSveobiT aRviqvaT, riTac adamianis faqizi<br />
sulis samoseli Semoiwereba.<br />
Tanamedrove samyaros avadobad iqca adamianis sulis pragmatulad,<br />
mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT aRwera.<br />
adamianis suls `mogzaurobisas~ mxolod nawilobriv Tu<br />
Seswevs gaamJRavnos Tavisi Tavi. _ radgan, is, rac TviTmyofadi,<br />
ucvlebadi, ukvdavia, _ maradgamouTqmelia da marad<br />
is mocimcime, kaSkaSa varskvlavia, romelic gvacbunebs da<br />
gvakrTobs, Tavisi `sidiadiT~.<br />
emanuelos, _ ganmartoebiT warmodgena, _ yvela ambis gareSec<br />
imas emsaxureba _ raTa mis maraddafarul da enigmur<br />
sulze moxdes miniSneba. aq SeiZleba, meterlinkis cnobili<br />
sityvebi gagvaxsendes: `Â ãëóáèíå ìû æèâåì äóøà ñ äóøîþ<br />
è ìû áîãè, êîòîðûå ñàìè íå ïîçíàþò ñåáÿ~.<br />
Ì. Ìåòåðëèíê `Ýìåðñîí~ ñòð. 53.<br />
an ` ñàìîì äåëå _ âñåãî óäèâèòåëüíåå â ÷åëîâåêå åãî<br />
ñêðûòàÿ çíà÷èòåëüíîñòü è ìóäðîñòü~<br />
Ì. Ìåòåðëèíê `Ýìåðñîí~ 53 ñòð.<br />
2 xolo meore nawilis SemTxvevaSi me davesesxebi Cven did<br />
moRvawes, brwyinvale komentarebis avtors, baCana bregvaZes<br />
ai, es fragmenti, romelic, blez paskalis 57 azris interpretaciaa.<br />
mkiTxvelic dameTanxmeba, igi zustad esadageba<br />
piesis am pasaJs. maS, ase, baCana bregvaZis brwyinvale da zust<br />
komentars movusminoT:<br />
_ `RmerTi, rogorc `yvelafrisa~ da `arafris~ makrokosmosisa<br />
da mikrokosmosis erTianoba; RmerTi, rogoric<br />
dapirispirebulTa TanadamTxveva (coincidentia oppositorum) _ am<br />
284 285
aspeqtSi paskali TiTqmis sityva-sityviT imeorebs nikola kuzanels<br />
65 (1401-1464), visi azriTac, `raki RmerTi yvelaferia,<br />
amitom is, imavdroulad, araferi ar aris~ (De docta ignorantia<br />
1, 16); `RmerTi yvelganaa da arsad aris~ (idid, 11, 12) erTi<br />
sityviT RmerTi `absoluturi maqsimumicaa~ da `absoluturi<br />
minimumic~ (sxvaTa Soris, sityva `absoluti~ filosofiis<br />
istoriaSi pirvelad swored nikola kuzanelma ixmara)~.<br />
b. paskali `azrebi~ komentarebi: baCana bregvaZe gv. 325.<br />
Tumca baCana bregvaZis komentarSi RmerTzea saubari, magram<br />
emanuelo, rogorc RmerTis xateba igive daxasiaTebas<br />
eqvemdebareba.<br />
99. gv. 115. _ aTena _ berZnul miTebSi gadmocemulia<br />
aTenas dabadeba zevsis Tavidan. es migvaniSnebs, rom is aris<br />
sibrZnis qalRmerTi.<br />
mecnierebis mfarveli. man Seuqmna adamianebs kanonebi da<br />
dauwesa areopagi.<br />
siqalwulisa da saTnoebis gansaxiereba.<br />
persevsi aTenas daxmarebiT imarjvebs gorgona _ meduzaze<br />
da mis Tavs saCuqrad aZlevs qalRmerTs. aTenam gorgonas<br />
TaviT fari Seamko.<br />
dramaSi `xelovanis gza~ _ J.s. meduza _ gorgonas ganasaxierebs<br />
didi germaneli filosofosi f.r. nicSe.<br />
100. piesis komentari:<br />
deda evridike emanuelos mimarTavs:<br />
_ `Sen daibade ase ucxo<br />
avadmyofobasaviT saSiSi da miuRebeli,<br />
TviT me, dedaSens, ar ZalmiZs Seni miReba<br />
da aba sxvas, _ satirs,<br />
es rogor movTxovo~.<br />
J. siraZe `xelovnebis gza~ gv. 129.<br />
_ darwmunebuli var mkiTxveli metismetad Secbunebuli<br />
waikiTxavs am strofebs da amaSi xom uCveulo araferia. deda-<br />
Sviloba aris kacobriobis diadi madli da diadi saidumlo.<br />
RvTaebrivi siyvaruliT ukavSirdeba deda-Svils, _ da masSi<br />
gancxaddeba is dafaruli WeSmaritebani, romelSic kacobriobis<br />
istoria mudam duRabdeba da viTardeba. da maSinac<br />
ki roca xdeba deda-Svils Soris dapirispireba, maTSi raRac<br />
daucilebeli nakadi isev da isev iZvris.<br />
magram, iyo xelovani, (emanuelo piesaSi `xelovanis gza~<br />
xom poetia). es gansakuTrebuli madlia da wyevlacaa. amas<br />
yvelaze ukeT komentars ukeTebs Sarl bodleri 66 , Tavis<br />
`borotebis yvavilebSi~:<br />
`roca maRal da uzenaes Zalebis nebiT<br />
poeti stumrobs am samyaros wiaR<br />
SeZrwunebuli dedamisi iklebs ginebiT<br />
da muSts uRerebs RmerTs zecaSi, mis Tanaziars,<br />
netav gvelebi gamCenoda, menana mwared<br />
vidre mekveba Svili, Cemi Semarcxveneli<br />
wyeuli iyos warmavali siamis Rame<br />
rom Camisaxa is, visganac wamebas veli~.<br />
Sard bodleri `borotebis yvavilebi~, mTargmn: sibila<br />
mgelaZem.<br />
10<strong>1.</strong> piesis komentari:<br />
10<strong>1.</strong> piesis komentari:<br />
`CemSi, Signidan vxedav, rom yvelaferi anaTebs<br />
da es sinaTle maswavlis sityvebs, da gonebas miwvavs<br />
sityva _ cecxli, RmerTis siyvarulTan, rom damabrunebs.<br />
am cecxlis SemweobiT usazRvrod izrdeba Cemi siyvaruli<br />
da ase Cems brma Tvalebs xedva ubrundeba~<br />
J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~ 143 gv.<br />
286 287
`yvela simbolisti _ platoni, plotini 67 da sxv. cotad<br />
Tu bevrad dakavSirebuli iyo sinaTlesTan _ wers prof.<br />
a. losevi 68 , platonis esTetikaSi mTavar rols TamaSobs<br />
sinaTlis Teoria, ara mxolod mSvenieri, aramed saerTod<br />
yovelive arsebuli, platonisaTvis aris sinaTle, an gamonaSuqi.<br />
RvTaebrivi sawyisis gamovlena _ Teofania naTels ukavSirdeba,<br />
egzistencialurad aRiqmeba maT mier, visTanac<br />
aRwevs naTeli sxivi. amgvari sxivia iesos gamocxadeba, romelic<br />
umaRlesi sibrZnisa da saTnoebis gamovlinebaa...~<br />
j. SoSiaSvili `bizantiuri epistolografia da fsevdo<br />
dionise araopagelis werilebi~ gv. 63.<br />
wignze minaweri:<br />
mTeli wigni im imediT daiwera, rac ase naTlad aqvs<br />
gamoTqmuli Cven uwmindessa da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
patriarqs ilia II-s 69 :<br />
`es saukune RvTisgan xalxs sinanulisTvis mieca. futurologni<br />
amtkiceben, rom Tu kacobriobam kidev iarseba<br />
XXI saukuneSi, igi metad religiuri aswleuli iqneba,<br />
radgan xalxi daiRala, uRvTod dacarielda taZari siyvarulisa~.<br />
dRes ki Cven varT mowme aramarto Tanamedrove istoriis<br />
tragizmisa, aramed moaxloebuli apokalifsuri droisa.<br />
sul ufro mkveTrad Cagvesmis sityvebi:<br />
_ `me var ani da hoe, ityvis ufali RmerTi, romeli ars<br />
da romeli iyo da romeli momaval ars, yovlisa mpyrobeli~<br />
(gamoc. 1; 8). 1992-1993 w.<br />
288 289
komentarebSi moxseniebuli avtorebi:<br />
<strong>1.</strong> konsantine gamsaxurdia (1890-1975). didi qarTveli<br />
klasikosi, poeti, eseisti, prozaikosi da romanisti. didi<br />
sazogado moRvawe.<br />
2. platoni _ (Zv.w. 427-347 w.) klasikuri xanis berZeni<br />
filosofosi. sokrates moswavle, aristoteles maswavlebeli,<br />
filosofiuri dialogebis avtori, aTenis akademiis<br />
damfuZnebeli.<br />
3. Talesi – (Zv.w. 624-Zv.w. 546) pirveli berZeni filosofi<br />
da maTematikosi.<br />
4. heraklite – (540-480) <strong>genialuri</strong> berZeni filosofosi,<br />
mistikosi. misi Sromidan metnaklebad ueWveli 126<br />
nawyveti – fragmentia SemorCenili.<br />
Zalian sainteresoa mis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli bertran raselis<br />
sityvebi: `Он был мыстиком, но особого рода. Он рассматривал<br />
огонь как основную субстанцию. Все подобно пламени<br />
в костре рождается благодаря чьей – либо смерти”.<br />
Б. Рассель “История западной философии” стр.60<br />
5. anaqsimandre (610-546 w.w. Zv. welTaR.)<br />
Zveli berZeni filosofosi. mis mier `apeironi~ _ ganusazRvreli,<br />
mravaferovan movlenaTa sawyisi, saxeldeba<br />
rogorc saganTa dasabami. mas ekuTvnis cnobili gamoTqma:<br />
`arafrisgan araferi ar warmoiSoba~. misi originaluri filosofiuri<br />
samyaro m. haidegeris STagonebis wyarod iqca.<br />
ase Seiqmna saintereso gamokvleva saxelwodebiT: `anaqsimandres<br />
gamonaTqvami~.<br />
6. anaqsimeni – (daax. 580-528 Zv.w.) Zveli berZeni filosofosi.<br />
mis mier haeri saxeldeba pirvel sawyisad, arxed<br />
SeiZleba anaqsimeni, rogorc Zveli saberZneTis filosofos-<br />
Ta umravlesoba mistikosad miviCnioT. radgan haeri masTan<br />
moiazreba, rogorc saganTa dasabami, Sinagani arsi. es RmerTis<br />
sunTqvaa da myofoba, yoveli sagnis faruli arsi da mamoZravebeli.<br />
misi azriT: `haeri aris msoflio suli, romlis gareSec<br />
msoflio daiSleboda, qaosad gadaiqceoda, msoflio sulis<br />
gamo mTliania., mwyobrad aris agebuli, kosmosia. (kosmosi<br />
anaqsimenis terminia, pirvelad man ixmara es sityva).<br />
s. wereTeli. antikuri filosofia gv. 8<strong>1.</strong><br />
7. piTagora samoseli (580-500 w.w. Zv.w.). Zveli berZeni<br />
filosofosi<br />
`ra aris saWiro, rom piTagoras moZRvrebas CavwvdeT?<br />
dakvirveba da msjeloba miznis misaRwevad cotaa. aq aucilebelia<br />
intuicia. piTagora iyo adepti da umaRlesi xeldasmuli.<br />
mas hqonda uSualo aRqmis saocari sulieri unari,<br />
mas xelT epyra okultur mecnierebaTa da sulier samyaroTa<br />
gasaRebi~. e. Sure `diadi xeldasmulni~. gv. 334.<br />
8. pol valeri _ <strong>genialuri</strong> frangi poeti, eseisti da<br />
filosofosi. serjo solmi ase werda valeris Semoqmedebaze:<br />
`sadac sicocxlisa da Semecnebis dabadeba qveynad, maRali<br />
metafizikuri ironiiT danaxulia, rogorc laqa rogorc<br />
defeqti aryofnis sxivosani srulqmnilebisa~.<br />
9. marsel prusti. (1871-1922). frangi mwerali avtori<br />
monumentaluri romanisa `dakarguli drois ZiebaSi~.<br />
10. blez paskali – (1623_1662) – udidesi mecnieri, geometri,<br />
fizikosi, Tanamedrove kompiuteris fuZemdebeli, <strong>genialuri</strong><br />
moazrovne da mwerali, avtori Sedevrisa `azrebi~.<br />
1<strong>1.</strong> alber kamiu – (1913-1960). frangi mwerali da filosofosi,<br />
egzistencializmis erT-erTi wamyvani fuZemdebeli.<br />
nobelis premiis lauriati literaturis dargSi.<br />
1957 w.<br />
12. jeims joisi 1882-194<strong>1.</strong> XX saukunis yvelaze gavleniani<br />
irlandieli mwerali da poeti. misi yvelaze cnobili<br />
nawrmoebia romani `ulise~, romelsac uwodeben `cnobierebis<br />
nakadis~ literaturis Sedevrs.<br />
290 291
`cnobierebis nakadis mwerlisaTvis ZiriTadia ara adamianis<br />
sulieri mdgomareobis, misi fsiqikuri samyaros, misi<br />
azrebis da gancdebis wera. ara gmiris fsiqologiuri daxasiaTeba,<br />
aramed TviT cnobierebis aqtivobis Cveneba, TviT<br />
azris gamokveTis procesis gadmocema, Tanac iseTi mxatvruli<br />
saSualebebiT, rom wina planze wamoiweva cnobierebis<br />
metyvelebamdeli done, romelic arc sametyvelo da arc<br />
damwerlobiT komunikaciur safuZvels ar gulisxmobs. amitomaa<br />
swored, rom aseTi prozis ena xSirad dawyvetili,<br />
erTi SexedviT erTmaneTTan daukavSirebeli da bundovani<br />
gamoTqmebisa da sityvebisgan Sedgeba~.<br />
n. yiasaSvili (winasityvaoba wignisa jeims joisis<br />
`ulise~).<br />
13. martin haidegeri (1889 – 1976). didi germaneli filosofosi,<br />
XX saukunis egzistencializmis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli.<br />
14. t. elioti – (1888_1965). <strong>ingliseli</strong> poeti, esseisti<br />
da didi moazrovne. Tavisi gasaocari niWisa da farTo<br />
erudiciis wyalobiT, is erTdroulad iqca XX saukunis<br />
moder nistuli skolis mamamTavrad da klasikosad. nobelis<br />
premiis laureati 1948 w.<br />
15. mark avrelius antoninusi (121_180). romis imperatori<br />
161 wlidan. misi umniSvnelovanesi naazrevi 12 wignad<br />
aikinZa. es erTgvari aRsareba, TviT CaRrmavebaa sakuTari<br />
Tavis wiaR. berZnulad wigns asec ewodeba: `sakuTari<br />
Tavisadmi~. rogorc erTi mkvlevari zustad SeniSnavda, rom<br />
es wigni: _ `warmarTuli samyaros saxarebaa~. qarTulma<br />
literaturam didi mTargmnelisa da moazrovnis SemweobiT,<br />
SeiZina berZnulad Seqmnili Zeglis identuri Sedevri – qarTul<br />
enaze mas ewodeba `fiqrebi~.<br />
cnobilia rom didi rusi mwerali, anton pavloviC Cexovi<br />
am wigns yvelgan Tan daatarebda, razedac erTi kritikosi<br />
samarTlianad werda: _ `is am wignis Rirsi iyo~.<br />
16. Tomas mani (1875_1955) _ inteleqtualuri prozis<br />
didostati, didi sazogado moRvawe, romanisti, novelisti,<br />
eseisti, nobelis premia miiRo 1929 w.<br />
17. d.h. lorensi – (1885_1930.) britaneli mwerali,<br />
poeti, romanisti, esseisti. avtori fsiqologiuri Janris<br />
wignisa `aracnobieris fantazia~. Tamar kotrikaZis saintereso<br />
esseidan me moviyvan erT amonarids: `lorensma<br />
Taviseburad gaiazra XII saukunis qristiani moazrovnis<br />
ioaqim florelis doqtrina istoriis sam sulier epoqad<br />
dayofis Sesaxeb. `mamam aRasrula Tavisi Jami, Zem aRasrula<br />
Tavisi Jami, axla suliwmindis Jami sufevs~ _ ganacxadebs<br />
lorensi. es ki gulisxmobs kacobiobris istoriis<br />
dayofas ioaqimiseul epoqebad: Zveli aRTqmis xana<br />
mama RmerTis xana iyo, axali aRTqmisa Zis xana, xolo<br />
mesame, axali xana anu Tanamedroveoba `suliwmindis~ Jamia.<br />
anu Tanamedrove adamiani sakuTar qmedebebze pasuxs, pirvel<br />
rigSi sakuTari Tavis winaSe agebs. lorensiseuli `suliwminda~<br />
is orientiria, romelic gvaniWebs Sinagan mTlianobas~.<br />
T. kotrikaZe<br />
morwmune adamianisTvis kacobiobris droTa dinebis ase-<br />
Ti xelovnuri dayofa yovlad miuRebelia. mama, Ze da suliwminda<br />
erTi, daucilebeli mTlianobaa. Tumca Tavad mkiTxvelisTvis<br />
mimindvia gasnajos lorensiis naazrevi.<br />
18. iohan volhan goeTe (1749_1832) – udidesi germaneli<br />
poeti, prozaikosi, <strong>dramaturgi</strong>, mravalmxriv ganswavluli<br />
adamiani, politikuri moRvawe, filosofosi, filologi,<br />
bunebismetyveli, mxatvari da sxva.<br />
19. biufoni _ frangi bunebismetyveli. aqvs naSromebi<br />
bunebismetyvelebaSi. mas miakuTvneben dedamiwis ganviTarebis<br />
fantast. hipoTezas. am bunebismtyvelis erTi fraza ki `stili<br />
_ es TviT adamiania~. sayovelTaod cnobili gaxda da<br />
ufro metic, is damkvidrda, rogorc klasikuri literaturis<br />
aqsioma.<br />
292 293
20. r. Staineri _ (1861_1925) – <strong>genialuri</strong> avstrieli<br />
filosofosi da pedagogi. Teosofosi.<br />
2<strong>1.</strong> terenti graneli (1897-1934) udidesi qarTveli poeti,<br />
mistikosi.<br />
22. maister ekharti (1260_1327) – enciklopediebSi<br />
daweren, rom is iqneb yvelaze amoucnobi figura da moazrovnea<br />
msoflio istoriaSi. misma naSromma `qadagebani da<br />
msjelobani~ udidesi zegavlena moaxdina evropul kulturaze.<br />
Tomas mani mas did Sefasebas aZlevda. amitomac is, vidre<br />
romelime nawarmoebis Seqmnas daiwyebda, is isev da isev miubrundeboda<br />
maister ekhartis nawerebs.<br />
23. miSel de monteni – 1533-1592. didi frangi filosofosi,<br />
moralisti, politikosi, mwerali. Tanamedrove esseis<br />
Janris fuZemdebeli.<br />
24. markus tulius ciceroni (Zv.w. 106_Zv.w.43). romaeli<br />
politikosi, advokati da politikuri moazrovne. Zveli<br />
romis yvelaze saxelganTqmuli oratori da konsuli. Zv.w.<br />
63 w. filosofiur politikur SexedulebaTa Tu saoratoro<br />
xelovnebis Teoriaze Seqmnili aqvs traqtatebi.<br />
25. ludvig van beThoveni _ (1770-1827) <strong>genialuri</strong> germaneli<br />
kompozitori, pianisti da diriJori.<br />
26. laroSfuko (1613_1680) – frangi mwerali, moralisti,<br />
franguli klasikuri prozis didostati.<br />
27. netari Teofilaqte bulgareli _ (XI saukunis I<br />
naxevari. _ 1087 w).<br />
Tavi gamoiCina saRvTo werilis ganartebiT da istoriuli<br />
xelovnebis codniT warmoTqmuli homiliebiT.<br />
28. lev tolstoi _ (1828-1910) didi rusi mwerali.<br />
29. mzeWabuki amirejibi _ didi qarTveli mwerali, klasikosi,<br />
romanisti. wardgenili iyo nobelis premiaze.<br />
30. n. berdiaevi – (1874_1948) didi rusi mistikosi,<br />
filosofosi.<br />
3<strong>1.</strong> vladimer soloviovi _(1953- 1900) rusi filoso-<br />
fosi, Teologi, poeti, publicisti da kritikosi.<br />
32. moris meterlinki (1862_1949) belgieli mwerali,<br />
mistikosi, <strong>dramaturgi</strong>, prozaikosi, nobelis premiis laureati<br />
1911 wels.<br />
33. zigmund froidi _ (1856_1939) avstrieli nevropa-<br />
Tologi, fsiqiatri, fsiqologi, fsiqoanalizis fuZemdebeli.<br />
Tu ramdenad didi zegavlena moaxdina fsiqoanalizma<br />
literaturaze, amaze metyvelebs n. yiasaSvilis sityvebi: `...<br />
froidis Teoria adamianis aracnobieri samyaros Sesaxeb<br />
ocian wlebSi didad gascda fsiqologiis da fsiqopaTologiis<br />
farglebs da imdroindeli mwerlebisTvis da ara mxolod<br />
mwerlebisTvis xSirad udavo WeSmaritebad iyo aRiarebuli<br />
am moZRvrebis ZiriTadi debulebani~.<br />
n. yiasaSvili (winasityvaoba wignisa j. joisi `ulise~).<br />
34. u. folkneri (1897_1962) – didi amerikeli mwerali,<br />
romanisti. Tu onore de balzakma `adamianuri komediis~<br />
qveS gaaerTiana Tavisi samyaro_sistema, u. folknerma Seqmna<br />
Tavisi warmosaxviTi samyaros ruka ioknapatofis olqi~ da<br />
iq daasaxla Tavisi personaJebi. misma araordinalurma azrovnebam<br />
da stilma udidesi zegavlena moaxdina XX saukunis<br />
xelovnebaze. nobelis premiis laureati 1949 w.<br />
35. JorJ braki (1882-1963) frangi fermweri da grafikosi.<br />
kubizmis fuZemdebeli.<br />
36. oqtavio pasi (1914_1998) _ meqsikeli poeti, esseisti,<br />
filosofosi, Tanamedroveobis erT-erTi wamyvani<br />
moazrovne. nobelis premia miiRo 1990 wels.<br />
37. s. kirkegori (1813_1855). araordinalurad moazrovne<br />
danieli filosofosi, Teologi da mwerali. iTvleba egzistencialuri<br />
mimdinareobis winamorbedad. cxovreba absolutur<br />
martoobaSi gaatara, mis sasaflaos aqvs misi cxovrebis<br />
Sesabamisi epitafia: `is martosuli~.<br />
38. fridrih nicSe _ (1844_1900) _ didi germaneli filosofosi.<br />
294 295
39. ioseb aToneli _ aToneli isiqasti (1959_1998),<br />
misi samSoblo parosi. 23 wlidan daiwyo wminda mamebis<br />
wignebis Seswavla da Seiyvara dumili, RvTismsaxureba da<br />
locvebi. WeSmariti mTawmindeli mkacri isiqasti, ganmartoebuli<br />
mavedrebeli, sulieri Sinaganawesis erTguli. bevri<br />
aToneli beri misi aRzrdilia.<br />
`RvTiuri sibrZnis enciklopedia~ gv. 578.<br />
Semdg. g. kalandaZe<br />
40. wminda antoni didi, (+356. s.s. 17 ianvari) asketurad<br />
cxovrebis fuZemdebeli. daibada 251 wels egviptis<br />
sofel komanSi. 20 wlisas mSoblebi gardaecvala, mTeli<br />
qoneba Rarib-Ratakebs dauriga. 35 wlidan eweoda astekur<br />
cxovrebas. Rirs mamas sakvirvelmoqmedebis Zala hqonda, igi<br />
sneulTac hkurnavda da borot sulTa ganasxamda<br />
SepyrobilTagan, igi icavda aleqsandriaSi WeSmarit sarwmunoebas<br />
maniqeveluri da arianuli mwvaleblobisgan. wm. antonim<br />
85 weli dahyo udabnoSi, RvTivsulier RvawlTa Soris<br />
da aResrula 105 wlisa.<br />
Cvenamde moaRwia misma 20 samoRZvrebo sityvam da 7 epistolem.<br />
`RvTiuri sibrZnis enciklopedia~ gv. 591 Semd. g.<br />
kalandaZe.<br />
4<strong>1.</strong> svami vivekananda (1863_1902) didi indoeli moazrovne.<br />
mis nawerebSi poezia, filosofia da religia erT<br />
rkalad Seikvra. is iyo iogi, is aResrula gasxivosnebis<br />
dros, rogorc iogebi weren amis Sesaxeb: `is Tavisi nebisa<br />
da Zalismevis SemweobiT, `gadafrinda~ miRmur samyaroSi~.<br />
42. bertran raseli (1872_1970) _ <strong>ingliseli</strong> filosofosi,<br />
logikosi, maTematikosi, sazogado moRvawe. nobelis<br />
premiis laureati literaturis dargSi. 1950 wels.<br />
43. franc kafka (1883_1924) avstrieli mwerali,<br />
romelmac udidesi zegavlena moaxdina evropul kulturaze.<br />
misi `werilebi mamisadmi~ aTi mcnebis axlebuli intepreta-<br />
ciaa. cnobilia rom <strong>genialuri</strong> italieli reJisori federiko<br />
felini filmze muSaobis pirvel etapad miiCnevda am werilebis<br />
xelaxal gadakiTxvas da gaazrebas.<br />
44. i. brodski (1940-1996). – didi amerikeli poeti,<br />
esseisti, kritikosi. misma araordinalurma azrovnebam asaxa<br />
Tanamedrove epoqis aCqarebuli pulsacia, amitomacaa rom is<br />
aseT did zegavlenas axdens Tanamedrove kulturaze. 1987<br />
wels miiRo nobelis premia.<br />
45. r. gordeziani _ gv. filologi, profesori, saqarTvelos<br />
da saqsoniis (gfr.) mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-koresp.<br />
aris 150-mde samecn. naSromis, maT Soris 20 wignisa<br />
da monografiis avtori.<br />
46. r. Staineri _ ix. kom. (19)<br />
47. novalisi – (1772-1801w.) ) adreuli germanuli romantizmis<br />
erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgeneli, mistikosi.<br />
48. wminda dionise areopageli _ dionise areopagi aTenis<br />
uzenaes samsjavros wevrad airCies. roca areopagis winaSe<br />
warmdgarma pavle mociqulma warmarTebs `ucnauri<br />
RmerTis~ gankaceba axara da qristianuli swavleba uqadaga,<br />
wmindanma irwmuna WeSmariti RmerTi da mociqulTa swori<br />
erTguli mowafe gaxda. pavle mociqulis aRsrulebis Semdeg<br />
dionise dasavleTis qveynebSi gaemgzavra saqadageblad da<br />
mravali adamiani moaqcia qristes sjulze. cnobilia, rom<br />
Tavis mokveTamde, dionisem saRvTo liturgia aRasrula<br />
uflis angelozebTan erTad, diliT ki moawameebs Tavebi mohkveTes.<br />
dionisem Tavisi mokveTili Tavi aiRo, taZramde mivida<br />
da iq daeca.<br />
dionise areopagelis swavlebam Cvenamde moaRwia oTxi<br />
wigniT `saRvToTa saxelTaTvis~, `zecaTa mRvdelmTavrobisaTvis~,<br />
`saeklesiosa da mRvdelmTavrobisaTvis~, `saidumlo<br />
RvTismetyvelebisaTvis da aTi epistoliT. TiTqmis oTxi<br />
saukunis manZilze, VI s-is I naxevramde wminda mamis swav-<br />
296 297
leba mxolod saidumlo gadmocemebiT iqna Semonaxuli. dionise<br />
areopagelis Txzulebebi XI s.s. meore naxevarSi qar-<br />
Tul enaze mTlianad Targmna efrem mcirem~.<br />
`RvTiuri sibrZnis enciklopediis~ mixedviT. gv. 558.<br />
Semdg. g. kalandaZe.<br />
49. ortega _ i-gaseti (1883_1955) _ didi espaneli sociologi,<br />
filosofosi, eseisti. Tanamedrove modernistul<br />
Teoriaze Seqnili aqvs wigni `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~.<br />
wigni, romelmac gamoxata epoqis saTqmeli, Tumca ver vityvi<br />
rom man sasikeTo roli iTamaSa. pol valers rom davesesxo:<br />
`man Cveni sulis zrda ver SeZlo~. misi wignebi<br />
elvare metaforuli azrovnebis nimuSia. mas oqtavio pasma<br />
uZRvna <strong>genialuri</strong> essei. _<br />
`ortega-i-gasets. rogor da risTvis? vaRiareb Oortega<br />
i. gasetis Rrma da originalur azrovnebas. Tumca iZulebuli<br />
gavxdi teqstSi is parodiuli saxeliT momexseniebina _<br />
artiga i-qimeriusi.<br />
50. r. vagneri – (1813_1883) didi germaneli kompozitori,<br />
diriJori, mus. mwerali da Teatraluri moRvawe.<br />
5<strong>1.</strong> andro buaCiZe – gamoCenili qarTveli poeti, literatori<br />
da mTargmneli.<br />
52. andrei tarkovski (1932_1986) _ <strong>genialuri</strong> rusi<br />
reJisori, scenaristi, msaxiobi, mwerali.<br />
53. Jan de la briuieri _ frangi mwerali, moralisti<br />
da moazrovne.<br />
54. holderlini _ (1770-1843w.). <strong>genialuri</strong> germaneli<br />
<strong>dramaturgi</strong>, poeti, filosofosi, mistikosi. `haidegeri<br />
aRniSnavda, rom Stefan georgesa da rainer maria rilkes<br />
leqsebSi (rilkes `duinuri elegiebi~). swored holderlinis<br />
lirikisagan miiRes gadamwyveti impulsi~. n. kakabaZe.<br />
55. robert muzili – (1880 – 1942 ). udidesi avstrieli<br />
mwerali romanisti, novelisti da esseisti.<br />
56. rolan barti (1915_1980) _ frangi literaturis<br />
kritikosi, literaturis da socialur mecnierebaTa Teoretikosi,<br />
filosofosi da semiotikosi. bartis naSromebma, romelic<br />
mraval sferos moicavs, gavlena moaxdina sxvadasxva<br />
Teo riul skolaze, maT Soris struqturalizmze, semiologiaze,<br />
egzistencializmze, marqsizmsa da poststruqturalizmze.<br />
57. onore de balzaki _ (1789-1850) – didi frangi mwerali,<br />
romanisti. balzaki ambobda: `sakmarisi ar aris iyo<br />
ubralo adamiani, _ ambobda igi, unda iyo mTeli sistema~.<br />
amboben, rom man ukve uamravi romanis avtorma dante<br />
aligieris `RvTaebrivi~ komediis `sapirispirod~ roca<br />
moifiqra da Semoxaza Tavisi romanebis gamaerTianebeli sa-<br />
Tauri `adamianuri komedia~, maSin igrZno Tavisi geniis<br />
Zalmosileba da mizandasaxuloba.<br />
58. viaCelsav ivanovi (1866_1949). rusi poeti, <strong>dramaturgi</strong>,<br />
filologi. 1905 wlis Semdeg rusi simbolistebis<br />
meore Taobis Teoretikosi gaxda. Targmna petrarka, dante<br />
da sxva.<br />
59. dionise areopageli _ gv. ix. kom. (46)<br />
60. zurab kiknaZe (1933 Tbilisi) – cnobili qarTveli<br />
literaturaTmcodne, mTargmneli da miTologiis cnobili<br />
specialisti.<br />
6<strong>1.</strong> wminda makare didi, egvipteli 30 wlisa ukve srulyofili<br />
beri iyo. mas `Wabuk moxucsac~ uwodebdnen. wminda<br />
makari didma mravali tanjva da devna ganicada mwvalebel-<br />
Tagan. man 97 weli icxovra amqveynad, romelTagan 60 weli<br />
udabnoSi dahyo, igi aResrula 391 wels. Cvenamde moaRwia<br />
misma 57 homiliam da Svidma samoRZvrebo sityvam.<br />
`RvTiuri sibrZnis enciklopedia~ gv. 58<strong>1.</strong><br />
62. a. Sopenhaueri _ (1788-1860) didi germaneli filosofosi.<br />
Zir. naSromi: `samyaro, rogorc neba da warmodgena~<br />
cnobilia goeTes sityvebi misi misamarTiT gamoTqmuli: `Tu<br />
298 299
gsurs datkbe Seni mniSvnelobiT, nu waarTmev yovelgvar<br />
mniSvnelobas samyaros~.<br />
63. Jan pol sartri (1905_1980) didi frangi mwerali<br />
da mimdinareoba egzistencializmis wamyvani filosofosi.<br />
1964 wels uari Tqva nobelis premiaze literaturaSi.<br />
64. T. adorno _ (1903-1969) w. germaneli filosofosi<br />
da mus. Teoretikosi.<br />
65. nikoloz kuzaneli – (1401_1464) italieli filosofosi.<br />
maTematikosi, astronomi da fizikosi. farTo ganaTlebis<br />
mecnieri da Rrmad morwmune Teologi qmnis filosofiur<br />
naSromebs: `swavluli arcodnis Sesaxeb~, `gulubryvilo~<br />
da `sibrZnis miRwevis Sesaxeb~.<br />
66. Sarl bodleri (1821_1867) _ <strong>genialuri</strong> frangi poeti,<br />
eseisti, prozaikosi. misi leqsebis krebuliT xelovnebis<br />
`amoyiravebuli samyaros~ modeli Seiqmna. `kaeni da abeli~<br />
pirdapir da TvalnaTliv gviCvenebs, am `amoyiravebuli samyaros~<br />
models.<br />
67. plotini (daax. 204_269). berZeni filosofosi, neoplatonizmis<br />
fuZemdebeli. mas ekuTvnis yvelaze gasaocari<br />
mistiur-filosofiuri Txzuleba `enneadebi~.<br />
68. a. losevi (1898_1988) _ didi rusi filosofosi.<br />
florenskis msgavsad udides mniSvnelobas aniWebda saxels,<br />
is werda: `saxeli Tavis TavSi moicavs ontologiur<br />
JReradobas. saxelis gareSe xom samyaro bneli, yru da munjia.<br />
mxolod saxels ZaluZs misi gansuliereba~. `saxelTa<br />
filosofia~ - 1927 w. misi yuradRebis centrSia mudmivad<br />
miTebSi arsebuli simboloebi: `miTis dialeqtika~ (1930)<br />
misi yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawarmoebia: `antikuri esTetikis<br />
istoria~. gansacvifrebelia misi wigni: `musika rogorc<br />
logikis sagani~.is gamodioda filosofiis, maTematikisa da<br />
musikis erTianobidan.<br />
69. ilia II. (irakli RuduSauri_SiolaSvili) (1933 w.<br />
4 ianvari) – uwmindesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos patriarqi, mcxeTa – Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi.<br />
1957 wels berad aRikveca da wminda ilia winaswarmetyvelis<br />
pativsacemad ilia ewoda. 1977 wels wminda sinodis<br />
mier arCeuli iqna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqad.<br />
disertaciaSi `aTonis iverTa monastris istoria~<br />
1960. RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris wodeba mianiWa niu-iorkis<br />
sasuliero seminariam 1979 w. aris kretis sasuliero<br />
akademiis sapatio da gaerosTan arsebuli informatizaciis<br />
saerTaSoriso akademiis namdvili wevri; kviprosis sasuliero<br />
akademiis sapatio doqtori (1977 wlidan) amerikis<br />
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis wm. tixonis saRvTismetyvelo<br />
seminariam RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris sapatio wodeba mianiWa<br />
(1998w.). dajildoebulia TiTqmis yvela marTlmadidebluri<br />
eklesiis umaRlesi jildoTi. aris niu-iorkis wm.<br />
vladimiris sasuliero seminariis (1986 w.), amerikis mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli eklesiis umaRlesi jildos wm. inokentis<br />
ordenis mflobeli. (1998 w.)~.<br />
`RvTiuri sibrZnis enciklopedia~ gv. 589. Semdg. g. kalandaZe.<br />
300 301
sarCevi<br />
saubari saubramde .......................................................................................... 3<br />
esse _ `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~ ............. 4-23<br />
drama `xelovanis gza~ .................................................................... 24-146<br />
esse-is komentarebi .......................................................................147-199<br />
piesis komentarebi ..........................................................................200-287<br />
komentarebSi moxseniebuli avtorebi ..................................288-300<br />
avtoris SeniSvna:<br />
komentarebSi citirebuli pol valeris azri (gv.151)<br />
arazus tia:<br />
`yoveli sistemis dasasruli rom yalbia, es araviTar eWvs<br />
ar iwvevs. sawinaaRmdego daskvna SeuZlebeli iqneboda da arabunebrivi.<br />
rac Seexeba maT dasawyiss dasawyiss, – amaze SeiZleba kidev idavos<br />
kacma~. p. valeri `azrebi~ gv. 95.<br />
amis gamo Cems komentarebSi araswori interpretacia mieca<br />
valeris Semoqmedebas. kerZod, me vwer:<br />
am fraziT pol valeri im gardauval kanonzomierebaze<br />
migvaniSnebs, rom mocimcime moneta yvela samyaroSi WeSmaritebas<br />
gvaziarebs, Tumca amiT man mTeli Tavisi Semoqmedebis sawinaaRmdego<br />
argumenti SemogvTavaza.<br />
me SecdomaSi Semiyvana Cveni brwyinvale mTargmnelis da<br />
moazrovnis Targmanma. (p. valeris `rCeuli proza~ frang.<br />
Targmna baCana bregvaZem, gamomc. `nakaduli~, 1983)<br />
`yoveli yoveli sistemis dasasruli rom yalbia, yalbia es araviTar eWvs<br />
ar iwvevs. sawinaaRmdego daskvna SeuZlebeli iqneboda da arabunebrivi.<br />
rac Seexeba maT dasasruls, dasasruls – amaze SeiZleba kidev idavos<br />
kacma~. p. valeri `azrebi~ gv. 95.<br />
zusti iqneboda ase Semesworebina es fraza:<br />
_ `yoveli yoveli sistemis dasawyisi rom yalbia, yalbia es araviTar eWvs<br />
ar iwvevs. sawinaaRmdego daskvna SeuZlebeli iqneboda da arabunebrivi.<br />
rac Seexeba maT dasasruls dasasruls, – amaze SeiZleba kidev idavos<br />
kacma~. p. valeri `azrebi~ gv. 95.<br />
ai ras wers valeri Tavis gaxmaurebul SedevrSi.<br />
`Âå÷åð ñ ãîñïîäèíîì Òýñòîì~:<br />
`Òî, ÷òî îíè íàçûâàþò âûñøèì ñóùåñòâîì, åñòü ëèøü<br />
ñóùåñòâî, êîòîðîå îøèáëîñü~<br />
iqve is akonkretebs am azrs:<br />
`Êàæäûé óì, ñ÷èòàþùèñÿ ìîãóùåñòâåííûì, íà÷èíàåò ñ<br />
îøèáêè, êîòîðàÿ äåëàåò åãî èçâåñòíûì~ññòð. 9<strong>1.</strong><br />
302 303
J. siraZe<br />
xelovanis gza<br />
gamomcemloba `meridiani~<br />
Tbilisi 2008<br />
teq. redaqtori inga navrozaSvili<br />
gamomcemloba `meridiani~,<br />
al. yazbegis gamz. #45<br />
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