148 149 1. uiliam Seqspiri (1564-1616) genialuri ingliseli dramaturgi ...

esse-is komentari: 

1. uiliam Seqspiri (1564-1616) genialuri ingliseli 

dramaturgi da poeti, miCneulia msoflio dramaturgiis 

erT-erT yvelaze didebul warmomadgenlad. _ u. Seqspiri 

2. Sesavlis komentari: 

`hamleti~ _ Seqspiris yvelaze enigmuri da cnobili tragedia. 

konstantine gamsaxurdia1 erTgan werda, rom donkixoti 

mTesvelia, xolo hamleti momkeli. aq cxadia igulisxmeba 

axali aRTqmis teqsti, sadac ieso qriste ambobs: 

– `37. radgan amaSia sityva WeSmariti: erTi Tesavs da 

sxva imkis. 

38. me Tqven mogavlenT imis mosamkelad, razedac ar giSromiaT. 

sxvebma iSromes, Tqven ki maT SromaSi SemoxvediT~ 

ioane ioane 4. 4. 37.38. 37.38. 

Zalian sainteresoa u. folkneris interpretacia don kixotze: 

– `sicocxlis azri keTilsa da borotSi ar aris. don 

kixoti gamudmebiT ansxvavebs maT, oRond ocnebiT. igi SeSlili 

iyo. igi maSinaa realuri, roca imdenad upirispir deba 

sazogadoebas, rom dro aRar hyofnis boroti da keTili 

airCios~. 

u. folkneri. `saubrebi u. folknerTan~ Targmnes rostom da paata 

CxeiZeebma, 65 gv. 

niSandoblivia, rom xelovnebis istoriis ori gamor- 

Ceuli gmiri da niSan-sveti SeSlilia. don-kixotis SeSliloba 

da hamletis SeSliloba maxasiaTebelia im ubiwo 

gonebisTvis, romelsac borotebis miReba da dajereba ar 

ZaluZT. maT mier Seucnoblis motana samyaroSi imiT aris 

ganpirobebuli rom maT zecnobieris sikeTe, RvTaebrivi 

sinaTle miuZRvebaT da is, rac SeSlilobad iTvleba miwieri 

samyarosaTvis, mxolooden niSania, rom isini ukve gavidnen 

miwieri samyarodan, anu am samyarosTvis mkvdarni Seiqmnen. 

3. platoni _ (Zv.w. 427-347 w.) klasikuri xanis berZeni 

filosofosi. sokrates moswavle, aristoteles maswavlebeli, 

filosofiuri dialogebis avtori, aTenis akademiis 

damfuZnebeli. 

... platons filosofia miaCnda Ziebad da ara dasrulebuli 

rezultatebis momcem mecnierebad. 

platonis filosofiaSi poetisa da filosofosis igavmiuwvdomeli 

da daucilebeli myofoba aRsdga. es maSin 

xdeba roca RvTaebrivis macocxlebeli wveniT iwereba teqsti, 

platonis nawarmoebebi dialogis formiT aris dawerili, 

rac dramis, poeziis, filosofiis da umaRlesi musikis 

anu maTematikisa da musikis erTdaigiveobis enigmur rkals 

qmnis. 

masSi sitkboebiTa da laRobiT, mSvenierebiTa da zeSTagonebis 

aRmtaci simsubuqiT SemoaRwevs RvTaebrivis sibrZne 

da kacobriobis winaSe dasmuli kiTxvebis simZime da daujerebeli 

sicxade saCino xdeba. 

cnobilia, rom platonma aRmosavleTSi mogzaurobis dros 

miiRo didi ganaTleba is eziara aRmosavlur sibrZnes da 

xeldasmis ori safexuri gaiara. maSin roca egviptis qurumebs 

xeldasmis Svidi safexuri hqondaT gavlili. 

sainteresoa gaviazroT, rom platoni romelic flobda 

xeldasmis mxolod or safexurs, iqca mTeli dasavluri 

filosofiis birTvad, – im `RmerTad~, romelmac rogorc 

nergma aRmoacena dasavluri filosofiis yvela toti da mis 

mier moweuli nayofi. 

Cveni didi mTargmneli, brwyinvale komentarebis avtori 

baCana bregvaZe `parmenides~ SesavalSi aRniSnavs: 

`cnobili inglisel-amerikeli maTematikosi, logikosi da 

filosofosi alfred norT uaithedi (1861-1947 ww), mTel 

dasavlur filosofias platonis dialogebis kabadonebze 

miweril SeniSvnebad Tvlida... 

148 149

Cveni drois TvalsaCino norvegieli platonisti egil 

vileri Tavis gamokvlevaSi – `platonis `parmenide~ platonuri 

henologiis interpretacia~ (oslo, 1960 w.) uaithedis 

Tvalsazrisis perifrazirebiT kidev ufro akonkretebs mis 

azrs da mTel dasavlur filosofias `parmenides~ komentare- 

bad miiCnevs~. miiCnevs (xazgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe). 

platoni `parmenide~-s winasityvaoba baCana bregvaZe, gv.10 


ès mocimcime moneta ki im sibrZned mesaxeboda, romelzedac 

platoni odesRac werda da gvirCevda, rom mogvepovebina~. 

J. siraZe `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~. gv. 4. 

teqstSi platonis ukvdav dialogSi `fedonSi~ moyvanili 

citatis perifrazireba xdeba. kerZod, ai ras wers platoni2 : 

– `radgan sibrZnea erTaderTi WeSmariti moneta, 

romelzedac yvelaferi es unda gaicvalos. mxolod sibrZniT 

iyideba da gaiyi deba yoveli: simamace, TavdaWeriloba, samar- 

Tlianoba. mokled, rom vTqvaT WeSmariti saTnoeba ganuyrelia 

sibrZnisagan, siamovnebis, SiSi da sxva misTanaTa miuxedavad. 

magram Tu saTnoeba sibrZnesTan araa wilnayari da isea 

qceuli gacvla-gamocvlis sagnad, maSin is saTnoeba ki ara, 

mxolod Crdilia saTnoebisa, maSin is monuri saTnoebaa, 

romelsac jansaRi da WeSmariti ara gaaCnia ra. radgan jansaRi 

am SemTxvevaSi vnebaTagan ganwmendas gulisxmobs da 

TavdaWeriloba, samarTlianoba, simamace da TviT sibrZnec 

ganwmendis saSualebebs warmoadgenen~. 

platoni `fedoni~ 25 gv. Targmna baCana bregvaZem. 

platonisTvis umaRlesi sibrZne da saTnoeba erTmaneTisgan 

ganuyofelia, amitomac, adamianma WeSmariti codna rom 

moipovos, wminda arss eziaros, sxvagvarad WeSmarit sibrZnes 

wvdes amisaTvis unda sulierad ganiwmindos, unda uaryos, 

ugulebelhyos Tavisi sxeuli da misi Tanamdevi vnebebi: 

cToma, Suri, sixarbe, simxdale, sibraze... da im saTnoebis 

safexurze avides, rasac hqvia simamace, simarTle, siqvele, 

gulovneba.... 

anu, roca adamiani sibrZnis monetas – WeSmaritebas iwvdomebs, 

mas ZaluZs kosmosis yvela saganTan WeSmariti saxiT 

warsdgineba, radgan man ukve is samani gadalaxa, rasac mas 

dilegSi Camwyvdeva uwesebda, ase uwodebs platoni adamianis 

sulis sxeulSi yofnas. samanis gadasalaxavad gardauvali 

pirobaa sikvdilis SiSis daZleva. sibrZne platonTan is 

umaRlesi mdgomareobaa, romelic uzenaes sikeTes – RmerTs 

Segvacnobinebs da roca suli Tavisi wminda saxiT warmogvidgeba. 

am wminda saxeSi Tavad RmerTia davanebuli, radgan 

wminda saganTa Wvreta ukve amqveyniurobidan gasvlacaa da im 

igavmiuwvdomeli naTelis, mocimcime monetis xilvacaa. 

Tumca, Cems teqstSi (`hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~ 

– J.s.) mocimcime moneta. dasaxelebulia, rogorc 

platonis sibrZne, magram es erT-erTi SesaZlo mocimcime 

monetaa. 

es mocimcime moneta – xan Talesis 3 wyalia, xan heraklites 

lites4 maradcocxali cecxli, xan anaqsimandres 

anaqsimandres5 apeironi, 

xan ki anaqsimenis anaqsimenis6 msoflio suli – haeri. 

mocimcime moneta – `piTagorelTa Teoriis mixedviT 

ricxvi RmerTia, RmerTia ricxvia kosmosi, da misi arsi – musika 

igive ricxvTa ganlagebaa, Tanafardobaa. mokled, yoveli 

sagani mxolod imitom aris sagani, rom is ricxvTa ganlagebaa~. 

e. Sure `piTagora~ 7 . 

sainteresoa, rasac wers pol valeri: – `yoveli sistemis 

dasasruli rom yalbia, es araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs. sawinaaRmdego 

daskvna SeuZlebeli iqneboda da arabunebrivi. 

rac Seexeba maT dasawyiss, – amaze SeiZleba kidev idavos 

kacma~. p. valeri àzrebi~ 

am fraziT pol valeri 8 im gardauval kanonzomierebaze 

migvaniSnebs, rom mocimcime moneta yvela samyaroSi WeSmari- 

150 151

ebas gvaziarebs, Tumca amiT man mTeli Tavisi Semoqmedebis 

sawinaaRmdego argumenti SemogvTavaza. 

me ki minda vTqva, rom yoveli moazrovne, romelic erTgulebis 

gzas irCevs, aRwevs kidec am WeSmaritebas. is nam dvil 

qmnilebaSi irkaleba da myofobs, amiT imis Tqma minda, rom 

WeSmariteba `mocimcime monetis~ saxiT erTi da igivea da 

RvTaebrivi goni maT erT da igive, WeSmarit teqstad aRiqvams. 

amitomac Cemive teqstSi aqve (`hamletis niRabs amofarebuli 

xelovani~) iwereba: 

– `... es is monetaa, romliTac yvela ambavi aixsneboda, 

odnav Suq-CrdilebiT daburuli sagnebi ki yofierebis saidumloebaze 

mimaniSnebda (J. siraZe – `hamlets niRabs amofarebuli 

xelovani~ gv. 4). 

an, iqve: 

– `mocimcime moneta – is marcvlebia, samyaros arss, mis 

gulisguls, rom gamoxataven da gadagvixsnian~. 

(J. siraZe – `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~, gv. 4). 

magram mocimcime moneta SeiZleba m. prustisTvis9 `mexsierebiT 

aRdgenili gancdaa~, es mocimcime monetaa mis samyaros, 

rom amoZravebs: 

– `... gulis siRrmeSi vgrZnobdi warsulis TrTolvas 

warsulisa, romelsac ver vcnobT~ 

m. prusti `wignis kiTxva~, 6 gv. 

an, iqve: 

– `... vgrZnobdi, rogor meufleboda bedniereba da vmdidrdebodi 

am wminda substanciiT, romelsac wmindad SenarCune buli 

wminda cxovrebis gardasaxuli STabeWdileba hqvia. da romlis 

Secnoba mxolod guldagul SenaxviT SeiZleba, – mexsiereba 

gancdisas ver acnobierebs, radgan igi Tavisive STanTqmuli 

grZnobebis morevSi trialebs~ 

m. prusti, `wignis kiTxva~, gv. 6. 

aq is aris saintereso, rom marsel prusti Tavisi `diadi 

mexsierebiT~, radgan igi `mexsierebiT ganwmendil gancdas~ 

gvTavazobs, uneburad adamianis dabrunebas asaxavs uxilav 

samyaroSi, radgan am Tavisi diadi mexsierebis erTgulebiT 

igi aRadgens RvTaebrivis amaRlebul xats da am sarkeSi, 

Tavisi Tavis aRdginebiT is srulyofilebas iZens. 

amiT m. prusti Sordeba yofierebis sazRvrebs da amas 

SeiZleba platonis ideebis samyaroSi mogzaurobac ki vuwodoT, 

an sakuTari Tavis cnoba mexsierebaTa sarkis saSualebiT 

es mocimcime moneta, moneta paskalis10 enaze azrovnebis unaria: 

– àdamianis sidiade – esaa misi azrovnebis unari~ 

b. paskali, àzrebi~ 267 gv. 

sxva sityvebiT, paskali – azrovnebis sidiadis unars ase 

akonkretebs: 

– `suls ar SeuZlia Tavi Seikavos im simaRleze, rasac 

goneba araadamianuri ZalisxmeviT aRwevs; is adis iq, rogorc 

taxtze, ara samaradisod, aramed mxolod wamiT~. 

b. paskali, àzrebi~, 267 gv. 

ai, ras wers mecnierebaTa doqtori filosofiis darg- 

Si batoni revaz gordeziani wignSi `Zveli aRmosavleTis 

filosifia~-Si, kerZod, TavSi ìoga~-Si: 

`XX saukunis gamoCenili iogi ramaCaraka aRniSnavs Tavis 

mniSvnelovan gamokvlevebSi (ìndoel iogTa msoflmxedvelobis 

safuZvlebi~) adamiani, TiToeuli individi aris ur- 

Tulesi arseba, Sinagani struqtura, romelsac mravalgvari 

sawyisi gaaCnia. adamiani aris mravalgvar SreTa Sinagani, 

struqturuli mTlianoba. am mTlianobaSi gaerTianebulia 

Svidi sxvadasxva sawyisi: 1. fizikuri sxeuli; 2. astraluri 

sxeuli; 3. prana, anu sasicocxlo Zala; 4. instinqturi 

goneba; 5. inteleqti; 6. sulieri goneba (sulieroba – 

Духовность; Wvretis, intuiciis unari); 7. goni (Дух)~. 

da aqve agrZelebs: 

`meeqvse sawyisi – sulieri goneba (intuicia) Zalian 

iSviaTad gvxvdeba iogebis azriT. es goneba, romelsac zogjer 

zecnobieris goneba ewodeba, Zalian cota adamians gaaCnia, 

152 153

igi sxvaTa Soris, did xelovanTa STagonebis wyaros Seadgens. 

iogTa TvalsazrisiT, rac Seexeba meSvide sawyiss – gons 

(Дух) igi ufro iSviaTad gvxvdeba adamianebSi realizebuli 

saxiT. Tumca igi, iseve rogorc wina eqvsi sawyisi, rogorc 

iTqva, aucilebel sawyiss warmoadgens adamianur yofierebaSi. 

ramaCaraka ganmartavs, rom es sawyisi aris swored RvTaebrivi 

naperwkali CvenSi, Cveni RvTaebrivi buneba, Cveni WeSmariti 

`me~, Cveni `sulis suli~ pirovnebis mier `zecnobieris~ 

miRweva, adamianur eqstazSi umaRlesi sulieri 

sinaTlis miRwevas, mopovebas, masSi swored am meSvide sawyisis 

`gaxsna-gamJRavnebas~ vgulisxmobdiT. 

r. gordeziani `Zveli aRmosavleTis filosofia~ (indoeT- 

CineTi), 139 gv. _ 140 gv. 

blez paskali swored am meSvide sawyisze saubrobs, ami- 

tomac wers igi àraadamianuri ZalisxmeviT miiRweva~ miiRweva~. 

exla minda `mocimcime moneta~ Tanamedrove samyaroSi 

Semovxazo. 

a. kamiu11 ai, ase wers: 

àbsurdi, romelic aqamde daskvnad iyo miCneuli, am esse- 

Si aTvlis wertilad gvevlineba~. a. kamiu, `sizifes miTi~ 

3 gv. 

a. kamiu swored im `mocimcime monetas~ gvTavazobs, ro- 

melic sibrZnesTan araa wilnayari da ise aris qceuli 

gacvla-gamocvlis sagnad. 

diax, a. kamiu gvTavazobs TanamedroveTa msgavsad iseT 

`mocimcime monetas~, romelic arc `cimcimebs~ da arc saTnoebasTan 

ar aris wilnayari, da es aris aRwera platonis 

sibrZnis monetis uwonadod qcevisa. 

5. jeims joisi 1882-1941. XX saukunis yvelaze gavleniani 

irlandieli mwerali da poeti. misi yvelaze cnobili 

nawrmoebia romani ùlise~, romelsac uwodeben `cnobierebis 

nakadis~ literaturis Sedevrs. 

`cnobierebis nakadis mwerlisaTvis ZiriTadia ara adamianis 

sulieri mdgomareobis, misi fsiqikuri samyaros, misi 

azrebis da gancdebis wera. ara gmiris fsiqologiuri daxasiaTeba, 

aramed TviT cnobierebis aqtivobis Cveneba, TviT 

azris gamokveTis procesis gadmocema, Tanac iseTi mxatvruli 

saSualebebiT, rom wina planze wamoiweva cnobierebis 

metyvelebamdeli done, romelic arc sametyvelo da arc 

damwerlobiT komunikaciur safuZvels ar gulisxmobs. amitomaa 

swored, rom aseTi prozis ena xSirad dawyvetili, 

erTi SexedviT erTmaneTTan daukavSirebeli da bundovani 

gamoTqmebisa da sityvebisgan Sedgeba~. 

n. yiasaSvili (winasityvaoba wignisa jeims joisis 

ùlise~). 

6. Sesavlis komentari: Q 

joisis12 ùlise~-Si moyvanili magaliTi: 

àlgebris meSveobiT amtkicebs, rom hamletis Svili- 

Svili Seqspiris papaa da rom TviTon igi sakuTari mamis 

àCrdili~. 

j. joisi ùlise~. gv. 5 

aq aRiwereba is samyaro, romelic amoyiravebulia. sa- 

myaros am modelSi yvelaze didi Rirebuleba – aTvlis 

wertili – absurdia. – gaucxoebul qmedebaTa jami. am sa- 

myaroSi Sens Tavs rom miuaxlovde, Seni Tavi rom Seicno, 

es yvelaze didi danaSauli da Secdomaa, anu absurdi. da 

m. haidegeri13 dawers frazas, riTac gaamJRavnebs epoqis mTavar 

avadmyofobas: 

– `siyvaruls ukve aRaraferi ZaluZs~ 

usiyvaruloba sulac kanonzomieria, radgan Tundac jeimz 

joisis ùlise~-Si, romelic amoyiravebuli samyaros sanimuSo 

msoflmxatia, aCrdilebs hyavT TavianTi memkvidreebi, 

radgan platonis aCrdilTa samyarom rogoradac miaCnda mas 

miwieri samyaro axali saxe miiRo, is (empiriuli sinamdvile) 

154 155

aCrdilis aCrdilad iqca da a.S. da a.S. 

radgan adamianma RmerTi uaryo da TavisTavad cxadia, 

sulier dabadebazec uari ganacxada. 

ioane 3.7. `nu gagikvirdebaT, rom giTxraT: Tqven xelaxla 

unda iSvaT-meTqi~. 

meored, ciT dabadeba imasac niSnavs, rom RmerTs mivendobiT 

da maSin buneba Tvals agvixels da RmerTis diad 

Zalmosilebas SegvagrZnobinebs, mis cxovelmyofel niWad 

gardavisaxebiT. es aris bunebis daZlevis swori gza, magram 

roca bunebas zurgs vaqcevT, mxolod misi meqanikuri ConCxi 

SemogveCeCeba xelT. 

Tanamedrove adamianis cxovreba imitom iqca mkvdar sqemaSi 

moqceul moZraobad Tavisi gamaucxoebeli sagnebiT, rom 

rogorc ukve vTqviT es uRmerTo samyaroa, aq sagnebi zeda- 

pirzea dafenili da Rirebulebani uwonadod aris qceuli. qceuli 

amitomac romanSi saubaria j. joisis ùlise~-ze moTxrobili 

àmbavic~, romelic aq `mimdinareobs~, isic amoyiravebulia 

da uwonado. 

hamletis SviliSvili – Seqspiris papaa. 

Tumca, Seqspiris dramaSi `hamletSi~ – (romelSic 

Seqspiris genia RvTaebriv nebas mindobili gviyveba ambavs) 

personaJi hamleti ise kvdeba, rom mas Svili ara hyavs, magram 

rac ar unda gasaocari iyos, am amoyiravebul samyaroSi gardacvlilebs 

hyavT TavianTi memkvidreebi, riTac sacnobi 

xdeba, rom figuralurad rom warmovidginoT, platonis ideebis 

samyaros aCrdilTa samyarom, rogoradac miwieri samyaro 

iTvleba usasrulo yalbi asli gaunaRda. amitomac ase ukavSirdeba 

erTmaneTs ori usasrulod gadamravlebuli asli 

erTmaneTs, SeuZlebloba, rogorc SesaZlebloba. es uazroba 

gangvicxadebs da Tvals agvixels, rom wesrigi dairRva da 

am samyaros adamianis gaucxoebuli saxe, – misi alter ego 

– roboti gankargavs Rirebulebebs, rac adamianis mier uaryofili 

bunebis meqanikuri saxea. 

7. gv. 7. liri _ Seqspiris tragediis `mefe liris~ mTavari 

personaJi. 

8. gv. 6. horacio _ Seqspiris tragediis `hamletis~ erTerTi 

mTavari personaJi. 


`Seqspiri joiss kargad icnobda~ 

J. siraZe `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~ gv. 6. 

t. elioti14 werda: 

– `... istoriis SegrZneba awerinebs kacs ara mxolod 

Tavisi Taobis poziciebidan gamomdinare, aramed ise, TiTqos 

mTeli evropuli literatura, homerosidan mokidebuli da 

masTan erTad misi mSobliuri qveynis literatura, erTdroulad 

arseboben da erTian wesrigs qmnian~. 

t. elioti `tradicia da pirovnuli niWiereba~, inglisurad 

Targmnes paata da rostom CxeiZeebma. 407 gv. 

Cven vgumanobT wesrigs, – im marcvals, romelSic erTad 

myofoben CvenTvis ukve gardacvlilni xelovanni, Tu momavalSi, 

SesaZleblobaSi moqmedni. radgan am wesrigisTvis 

zRvari amier da imier samyaroebs Soris ar arsebobs, – radgan 

_ is cocxalTa da mkvdarTa enigmuri atomia. 

da Tu xelovanTa warmomadgenlebi – enigmur atomSi 

myofoben, – maSin sulac aRar aRiqmeba paradoqsalurad, rom 

XVI-XVII saukuneSi mcxovrebi Seqspiri kargad icnobda XX 

saukuneSi mcxovreb jeimz joiss. 

radgan genialurobis SegrZneba xdeba ara gonebiT, an 

gansjiT, aramed im umaRlesi goniT, goniT romliTac literaturis 

wris JamierobaSi vvardebiT da warsulSi mcxovrebi Seqspiri 

kargad icnobda (SeiZleba ufro zusti iqneboda gvexmara 

sityva – gumanobs-meTqi) iseTi genialuri Semoqmedis myofobas, 

rogoric jeimz joisia. rogorc, Tavis mxriv es ukanaskneli 

aRiarebda Seqspiris genias. 

156 157

am Jamierobis aRwera, erTi SexedviT mark avreliusis15 fiqriT ase aris SesaZlebeli: 

– `vinc ixila awmyo, man ixila yvelaferi; isic, rac iyo 

miriadi saukuneebis ukan da isic, rac iqneba ukuniTi uku- 

nisamde, radgan yvelaferi erTgvarovani da erTsaxovania~. 

erTsaxovania 

erTgvarovani da erTsaxovani – aris RvTaebrivi idumalebis 

myofoba, romelic ar ganicdis droSi cvlilebas? – da 

mudam rCeba rogorc igiveobrivi erTi _ erTisa? 

magram sinamdvileSi mark avreliusis erTgvarovani da 

erTsaxovani ar gamosaxavs RvTaebrivis maradigiveobrivis, 

ucvalebadsa da ukvdav bunebas. 

masSi rogorc amas Cveni brwyinvale mTargmneli da komentatori 

baCana bregvaZe aRniSnavs igive azri devs, rac 

eklesiastes cnobil sityvebSi: 

eklesiaste, I, 9-10; `raO yofili, igive yofadi, da raO 

qmnadi, igive qmnuli, da ara raO ars axal mzesa queSe~ 

ekl. 1; 2; 14; 2; 

sainteresoa, rom Tomas mani 16 aseTive garegnul msgavsebas 

poulobs dostoevskisa da nicSes teqstebSi. _ msgavseba, 

romelic sul sapirispiro sazriss imarxaven; Tumca es umjobesia, 

Tavad genialuri mwerlisa da moazrovnis brwyinvale 

komentirebiT movisminoT: 

`Вероятно, его (igulisxmeba nicSe J.s.) теория `вечного 

круговорота~, которой он придавал столь всеобъемлющее 

значение, порождена эйфорией, едва ли на нее распространялся 

постоянный интеллектуальный контроль, да и к тому же 

она, видимо, не плод его собственного творчества, а некая 

литературная реминисценция. Мережковский указывал, что 

идея `сверхчеловека~ уже встречается у Достоевского, в речах 

упомянутого выше эпилептика Кириллова из `Бесов~. `Тогда 

новая жизнь, тогда новый человек, _ говорит у Достоевского 

этот провидец-нигилист, _ все новое... Тогда историю будут 

делить на две части: от гориллы до уничтожения бога, и от 

уничтожения бога до перемены земли и человека физически~, 

то есть до появления человекобога, сверхчеловека. Однако, 

как мне кажется, здесь осталось неотмеченным то, что у 

Достоевского встречается и идея вечного круговорота, а именно 

в `Карамазовых~ в разговоре Ивана с чертом. `Да ведь ты 

думаешь все про нашу теперешнюю землю! Да ведь теперешняя 

земля может, сама-то биллион раз повторялась; ну, отживала, 

леденела, трескалась, рассыпалась, разлагалась на составные 

начала, опять, вода, яже бе над твердию, потом опять комета, 

опять солнце, опять из солнца земля _ ведь это развитие, может, 

уже бесконечно раз повторяется, и все в одном и том же виде, до 

черточки. Скучища неприличнейшая...~ Достоевский _ устами 

черта _ называет `скучищей неприличнейшей~ то, что Ницше 

утверждает дионийским благословением, восклицая: `Ибо люблю 

тебя, о вечность~. Но мысль у него _ та же, и если в случае со 

сверхчеловеком я предполагаю конгениальность братьев по духу, 

то `вечный круговорот~ я склонен рассматривать как результат 

чтения, как неосознанное, эйфорически окрашенное воспоминание 

о Достоевском~. Т. Манн. `собр. сочинений~, т. X, стр. 336. 

da bolos gavixseneb kamil flamarionis parafsiqologiur 

movlenebze gamokvle vis Sedegs, oTx Tezisad rom iqna warmodgenili 

da aRiarebuli, rogorc ukanaskneli mecnieruli 

kvlevis udidesi movlena, romlis meoTxe Tezisi ganmartavs: 

`momavali mzaddeba warsuliT da suls aqvs winaswarmetyvelebis 

unari~. kamil flamarioni. 1979 saaRdgomo epistole. 

ilia II. gv. 20. 



hamleti _ Tavisi mamis gasisxlianebuli gvamis iqiT...~ 

J. siraZe, gv.7. `hamleti niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~ 

Seqspiris dramaSi daniis princi _ hamleti, winaswar 

eWvobs da sevdianobs, rom mama moukles, vidre Tavad _ 

mamis suli ar ganucxadebs, rom misma Zmam, hamletis biZam 

igi mokla. 

158 159

mama mokvda _ Seqspiris dramaSi, rogorc genialuri 

Semoqmedis qmnilebaSi yvela siRrmiseuli Sreebi aisaxa. 

jer erTi, mama warmoadgens im diad idumalebas, RvTaebrivis 

pirvelsaxes rom gagvimJRavnebs bavSvobisas. misi yvela Jesti, 

gamoxedvaa, yoveli azri Tu fiqri, aris RvTaebrivis uidumales 

samyarodan modenili namcvrevi, romelSic RvTaebrivis 

cisierobas vgrZnobT da misiT vimosebiT. magram amav dros, 

mama aris kavSiri miwasTan da dabrkoleba, raTa moviZioT sakuTari 

Tavi, sakuTari `transcendaluri `me~, romelic casTan 

dagvakavSirebs da Cvens sulier saxlSi dagvabrunebs. 

mama mokvda, _ iseT adamianTan, rogorc es hamletia, 

es samyaros mTliani `waSlaa~, anu xilvaa im ufskrulisa, 

romelSic araravdeba yoveli sagani _ ganimqvreba mzis 

kaSkaSa sinaTle, da am udabnoSi sulieri Tvalis winaSe 

is ixilavs idumal fesvebs, sadac mama-Svilis erTianobis 

misteria ganxorcieldeba da samyaros Tavzardamcem dinebas 

gagvimJRavnebs. 

mamasTan kavSiri enigmuria, radgan masTan Cven RvTaebrivi 

wveniT varT SeduRabebulni, Tumca Cveni Tavisufali neba imad 

aqcevs am kavSirs, rogoradac Cven es `gvesurveba~. 

mas SeuZlia is iseve daamcros da daakninos, rogorc es 

oidiposis kompleqsisa da darvinis Teoriis gaerTianebis 

meoxebiT moxda _ XIX-XX saukuneebSi. mamasTan kavSiri _ es 

RvTaebrivi wveni, _ xan cxovelis bneli instinqtia _ razedac 

lorensi 17 ase wers: `qals misi sisxlis bneli siRrmiT 

vicnobT _ Caswvde mas gonebiT igivea, rac mokla is~. xan ki 

is RvTaebrivi ambroziaa _ RvTaebriobis umaRlesi siTxea, 

romelSic varskvlavebis uSoreulesi naTebac ki gvewodeba 

da guls is idumali sixaruli CagveRvreba, romliTac icnoba 

igavmiuwvdomel erTSi harmoniiTa da sixaruliani JrJolviT 

Sekrul saganTa rigi. 

mamis gasisxlianebuli gvami _ aris fanjara, saidanac 

moCans, rom kacobriobis harmonias bzari gauCnda da rom mas 

SeiZleba boroteba warmarTavs. 

11. Sesavlis komentari: 

`boroti kaci daniaSic boroti aris~ 

uiliam Seqspiri `hamleti~ 

jer kidev konstantine gamsaxurdia maCabelis mier Seq s piris 

piesaSi `hamletSi~ gaparuli uzusto Targmanis Sesaxeb 

werda, upirvelesad miuTiTebda Cems mier citirebul frazaze. 

kerZod: 

`boroti kaci daniaSic boroti aris~. 

uiliam Seqspiri `hamleti~ 

ai, ras wers konstantine gamsaxurdia: 

– àseTive defeqtia amgvarive stereotipuli Tqmis gadmoqarTulebaSi: 

Lhere’s n’eer a villain dwelling in all Denmark, 

But he’s an arrant knave~. 

da, is ase àzustebs~ maCabeliseul Targmans: 

– `mTel daniaSi ver ipoviT erT aramzadas, rom is 

gaqnili ar iyos Tavad~. 

me aq minda is vTqva, rom xSirad mTargmnelis teqsti 

ufro zustia, vidre Tavad teqsti. rogor SeiZleba am paradoqsaluri 

mdgomareobis gageba? ubralod, mTargmneli gaam- 

JRavnebs teqstis farul SreSi Securebul teqsts, amitomac 

kargi mTargmneli erTgvarad xdeba avtoris Alter ego, romelic 

uzustess interpretacias iZleva. 

aseTi gasaocari interpretatoria maCabeli Seqspirisa am 

SemTxvevaSi. da me uneburad maxsendeba pol galeris erTi 

azri, romelic iribul asociacias Tu aRZravs CvenSi: 

– `Cveni mowafeebi da mimdevrebi aTaswil ufro mets 

gvaswavlidnen, vidre Cveni maswavleblebi, sikvdili, rom 

gvaclides maTi qmnilebebis xilvas~. xilvas~ 

p. valeri àzrebi~. 75 gv. 

12. gv. 8. poloniusi _ u. Seqspiris tragediis `hamletis~ 

personaJi 

160 161

13. gv. 10. mociquli petre. (svimeoni) – petre mociqulma 

dagvitova ori epistole, romlebic axali aRTqmis wignebSia 

CarTuli, petres mowafis, markozis saxarebac mis mier mier 

aris mowodebuli da nakurTxi. 

uflis saTnomyofelni – petre da pavle TavianTi 

RvawliT imdenad gamoirCeodnen qristes mowafeebs Soris, 

rom eklesiam Tavni mociqulni uwoda wmidanebs da erT dRes 

daawesa maTi xseneba. 

`RvTiuri sibrZnis marTlamdidebluri enciklopedia~. 

Semdeg: g. kalandaZe. 

14. gv. 10. ofelia _ u. Seqspiris tragediis `hamletis~ 

personaJi 

15. aqilevsis qusli, berZ. aqilevsis erTaderTi susti adgili, 

saidanac SeiZleboda misi sxeulis dazianeba. gadataniTi 

mniSvnelobiT aqilevsis qusli niSnavs pirovnebis, moZRvrebis, 

ama Tu im saqmis sust wertils, sust mxares. 

`miTologiuri leqsikoni~. Seadgina n. gafrindaSvilma 


`zogierTi kritikosi aqilevsis quslad miiCnevs hamletis 

umoqmedobas, magram aq daviwyebulia, rom yoveli diadi suli 

umoqmedobiT aris daRdasmuli, radgan is RvTaebriobis pirmSoa, 

da yoveli qmedeba mas TavisTavs, Tavis RvTaebriobas 

ganaSorebs~. 

J. siraZe. `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~, gv. 12. 

garegnuli TvalisTvis hamleti da sulier gzaze mavali 

kaci umoqmedoa. amas bevri mizezi ganapirobebs. erTi da 

gamorCeuli mizezi ki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mas yvela sagani 

erTnairad uyvars da amitomac ar SeuZlia borotebis Cadena. 

maSasadame, im wuTisofelSi, sadac boroteba wesisa da kanonis 

Tanamdevia, mas ar SeuZlia monawileobis miReba. hamlets, 

Seqspiris dramis personaJs, isic ki ar SeuZlia daijeros, 

rom boroteba arsebobs. 

misi umoqmedobis mizezi aris RvTaebriobamde asuli misi 

TanagrZnoba yvela sulierisadmi, – da ara goeTes 18 sayovel- 

Taod cnobili mosazreba, rom hamleti metismetad susti 

arsebaa da man rogorc nazma mcenarem, ver gauZlo im garemos, 

romelSic moxvda. 

da mainc, CvenTvis, qarTvelTaTvis upirvelesi asociaciaa 

vaJa-fSavelas gmiri – mindiaa. yvelasTvis cnobilia am poemis 

Sinaarsi: qajebi Seipyroben mindias da isic sasowarkveTili 

amjobinebs Tavi moiklas, vidre qajebTan icxovros. am mizniT 

is qajebis kerZs, gvelis kerZs SeWams. 

magram mindia xelaxla ibadeba, sulieri Tvali aexileba 

da bunebis saidumlo enas eziareba. amis gamo, misTvis SeuZlebeli 

gaxdeba TviT xis moWrac ki, radgan mas misi Civili 

Caesmis; arc nadiris mokvla ZaluZs. isev im mizeziT, rom 

maTi kvnesa-godeba Caesmis da amis gamo guli uwuxs. 

hamletis darad, mindias umoqmedobis mizezi RvTaebriv 

simaRlemde asuli ganurCeveli TanagrZnobaa yvela sulierisadmi. 

vidre, mindia bunebis enas aris gandobili, is umoqmedoa, 

da Tavis ojaxisTvis verc verafers akeTebs, magram samagierod 

mas SeuZlia yvelaferi Seicnos, SeigrZnos is RvTaebrivi 

netareba da siyvaruli, riTac iwvian umaRles safexurze 

myofi serafimebi uflis pirisaxis Wvretisas. 

magram, radgan mindias ojaxi aqvs da saero cxovrebaSi 

misTvis aucilebeli gaxdeba moqmedeba, mas bunebis saidumlo 

ena waerTmeva – da es aris is sasjeli, sulieri kacisTvis, 

romelic wuTisoflis wess misdevs. 

magram Semoqmed adamianTa ùmoqmedobis~ iqiT, imaleba 

sa ocari SemoqmedebiTunarianoba. es garegnuli Tvali xedavs 

162 163

mas umoqmedod. me aq moviyvan mwed r. Staineris Txzulebidan 

fragments: 

– `sulier samyaroSi ar aris simSvide. erT adgilze 

gaCereba. rogorc es xdeba fizikur samyaroSi. – amis mixedviT 

ar unda davaskvnaT, TiTqos sulier samyaroSi batonobs 

Seuwyveteli moZraoba. iq, sadac arian pirvelxatebi, Semoq- 

medi arsebebi. marTlacda ar aris èrT adgilze SeCereba~, SeCereba~ 

magram aq aris sxvagvari simSvide., sulieri xasiaTisa, romelic 

erwymis qmediT moZraobas. igi SeiZleba SevadaroT 

sulis mSvid kmayofilebas da netarebas, romelic iSvis moqmedebaSi 

da ara umoqmedobaSi~. 

r. Staineri. 104 gv. 

17. st. malarme _ didi frangi poeti. mimdinareoba simbolizmis 

sulisCamdgmeli da Teoretikosi. udidesi zegavlena 

moaxdina genialuri moazrovnisa da poetis pol valeris 

Semoqmedebaze. 


`xelovani, vidre Tavisi qmnilebiTa da geniiT daifareba, 

vidre arcerTi grZnoba, arcerTi gaelvebuli fiqri ar 

qceula stilis, am `mkvdari~ da gawonasworebuli gonebis 

pirmSod~. 

J. siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~, gv. 12. 

am fraziT winaaRmdegobaSi movdivar sakuTar naazrevTan, 

sakuTar Tavsve vewinaaRmdegebi radgan, Tu Cemi teqsti iziarebs 

da iRebs, rom biufonis19 fraza: 

_ stili _ es TviT adamiania. 

niSnavs, rom stili es sulismieri nafexurebiT gaxazuli 

naWdevia _ is, riTac adamianis igavmiuwvdomeli, unikaluri 

erTaderToba iwvdomeba. stili is gasaRebia, riTac RmerTi 

sulismier mdinareSi Cagdebis unariT ajildovebs adamians. 

am gasaRebiT niSani gveZleva, rom adamiani TavisTavs aRemateba 

da is ukve uxilavi samyaros sunTqvas midevnebuli, 

meore dabadebis misteriiT dajildovebuli, RvTiuri TvaliT 

dahyurebs samyaros, sagnebs, adamianebs. faqtiurad, aranairi 

mniSvneloba ara aqvs _ ra Sinaarss, an ra siuJets irCevs is. 

`distancia~, riTac SesaZloa Cven SeviZloT saganTa Wvreta, 

es stilis, am sulismieri mdinaris gasaRebSia moqceuli. 

modiT gavimeoroT es fraza: 

`_ arcerTi grZnoba, arcerTi gaelvebuli fiqri ar 

qceula stilis, am `mkvdari~ da gaswonasworebuli gonebis 

pirmSod~ 

mkiTxvels SeiZleba mcdari azri daebados, rom es fraza 

TanamedroveTa definiciaTa erTgvari ilustrirebaa. kerZod, 

ortega-i-gasetis frazisa: 

_ `cocxali formebisagan Tavis daRwevis tendencia~. 

ortega-i-gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~, 25 gv. 

anu, rom TiTqosda yoveli stili sxva araferia, Tu ara 

uneburi kopireba bunebis romelime cocxali formisa, anu 

TiTqosda stilis iqiT ixazeba cxovelis brma instinqts 

midevnebulis kvali, romelic brmad, maSasadame, ugonod qmnis 

qmnilebebs, riTac is iseTive `bunags~ Seiqmnis, rogorsac 

bunebis ganurCevlad yoveli cocxali arseba. 

magram, aq saubaria hamletze, romelic arasodes iqceva 

arc xelovnad, arc RmerTad. da rac mTavaria, is aris arseba, 

romelic arasodes moeqceva erTi sistemis yalibSi. 

me ufro hamletis enigmurobis dasadastureblad damWirda 

erTis SexedviT, am arazusti azris moxmoba: me Sevecdebi, 

sul sxva Temaze gadavitano es saubari da am gziT am arazusti 

azris mniSvneloba avxsna. amboben, rom wminda mamebi 

tirian, roca maT gansacdeli ar SeemTxvevaT. sulier gzaze 

mavalTaTvis, cnobilia, rom suli roca garkveul simaRles 

aRwevs, _ misTvis Tanamdevia pativmoyvareoba, rasac gardauvalad 

mohyveba sulis gaxeveba da kvdoma. 

qriste mociqulebad irCevs ara im kacs, patiosnad, wesierad 

da meTodurad rom icavs marxvasa da wes-rituals. 

aramed, is irCevs cxovrebis dinebaSi, mis oromtrialSi 

164 165

moqceul adamianebs, romelsac sul axal-axali gansacdeli 

gamoscdis, suls Seurxevs da ar CaaZinebs. 

iqneb qristes TiTqmis SeuZleblad miaCnia, rom adamians 

am wuTisofelSi ZaluZs did simaRleze SeinarCunos Tavisi 

sulis simdable da wminda siyvaruli? 

es erTgvari iribuli asociaciaa raTa hamletis igivmiuwvdomel 

pirovnebas CavwvdeT. 


ìs vinc xelaxla meored ar daibada ciT~. 

J. siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~. gv. 13. 

es interpretaciaa axali aRTqmisa: `miugo iesom da uTxra 

mas: `WeSmaritad, WeSmaritad geubnebi Sen: vinc xelaxla ar 

iSoba, ver ixilavs RvTis sasufevels~. ioanes saxareba 3.3. 

r. Staineri20 ase aRwers, meored Sobili adamianis, anu 

sulieri adamianis gzis Sesaxeb: – `yoveli adamianisaTvis, 

visac surs umaRles Semecnebamde amaRldes es SesaZlebloba 

odesme sinamdviled iqceva. adamiani im zRvars aRwevs, rodesac 

suli mas sicocxlis yvela gamovlinebas ganucxadebs, 

viTarca sikvdils. imieridan igi ama soflad aRar imyofeba, 

igi ama soflis daRmarT qvesknelSi iZireba. aidSi – qvesknelSi 

mogzaurobs. RmerTi Seeweva, Tuki am mogzaurobisas ar 

daiRupeba. Tuki mas axali samyaro ganecxadeba. igi an am axal 

samyaroSi dainTqmeba, anda sakuTar Tavs gardasaxuli da 

fernacvali warmoudgeba. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi mas axali 

mze, axali dedamiwa moevlineba. sulieri cecxlidan misTvis 

mTeli samyaro aRorZindeba~. aRorZindeba r. Staineri `qristianoba, rogorc 

mistiuri faqti da uZvelesi misteriebi~, 21 gv. 

ai, ras wers meored Sobis Sesaxeb terenti graneli21 : 

– `qveynis gaCenidan nela mivdiodi sinaTlisaken, sinaTlisaken rom mex 

ila mze~. mze 

cxadia, aq terenti graneli saubrobs meored dabadebis 

Semdgom Sobil sulier, meore mzeze. 

amas gvidasturebs, ufro zusti iqneboda gveTqva gvim- 

JRavnebs misive fraza: 

– `mixaria, rom var terenti graneli~, graneli~ anu mas ukve 

Tavisi sulierad, meored dabadeba uxaria im ganuzomeli 

sixaruliT, rasac RvTaebrivTan Tanaziaroba iwvevs da 

TrTolviT agvavsebs. 

merab mamardaSvili ki ase werda: 

– `buneba ar qmnis adamianebs namdvilad. Cven mxolod 

meore dabadebisas vibadebiT. es dabadeba ki imyofeba im 

velSi, romelSic SesaZloa adamiani simbolos uerTdeba da 

im SeerTebis daZabulobisgan, anu Tavis Tavze Zalisxmevis 

Sedegad adamianSi adamiani ibadeba. dantem erT lamaz gamoTqmaSi 

Tqva, rom dabadebuls, rogorc aseTs suli ara aqvso~. 

m. mamardaSvili, `CaxSuli fiqri~. 

da iqve: 

– ìeso qriste SeiZleba aTiaTasjer dabadebuliyo, magram 

Tu is dRes SenSi ar daibada, Sen daiRupebi~. 

m. mamardaSvili, `daxSuli fiqri~. 

amiT mamardaSvili isev Segvaxsenebs, rogorc maister 

ekharti da sxva moazrovneebi rom ieso qristes gancda mxolod 

meored dabadebis Tanmyolia. 

Tumca maister ekhartis22 es sityvebi gaasrulebs meored 

dabadebis misteriis Sinaarss: 

_ `Бог создает мир теперь точно так же, как он делает это в 

первый день сотворения мира, в этом-то, как раз, и заключается 

его богатство~. 

`Это Мейстер Экхарт, от которого бог никогда ничего не 

скрывал~. 


CemTvis ki ar Cans, igi aris, anu hamleti ambobs: 

_ sagnebi ki ar Canan, isini myofoben. 

anu, isini absolutur WeSmaritebas gvTavazoben mis sam- 

166 167

yaroSi. da ar arsebobs manZili massa da sxva sagnebs Soris, 

radgan isini mis sulSi myofoben. amiT xelovanSi moZravi 

`wmindanis~ gzas vgumanobT, romelic mzis sxiviT gadakveTavs 

universums~. 

J. siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~ 

gv.13. 

me moviyvan paralelis saxiT fragments marsel prustis, 

esse-idan `wignis kiTxva~. am fragmentiT cxadi xdeba, rom 

goneba ki ar miuZRveba xelovans, aramed mas igavmiuwvdomeli, 

RvTaebrivi, meore, sulieri mze unaTebs gzas. 

_ `goneba ara marto uZluria amgvari gacocxlebisas, 

aramed ufro metic, warsulis wuTebi swored im sagnebSia. 

SeyuJuli, romlebSic gonebas sulac ar ucdia maTi gansaxiereba. 

sagnebSi romelTa meSveobiT Segnebulad gicdiaT 

urTierTobis damyareba Tqvens mier gancdil wuTebTan, goneba 

TavSesafars ver hpovebda. metic _ Tu rame SesZlebs am 

wuTebis gacocxlebas, maSin am ramesTan erTad gacocxlebulni, 

isini poeziisgan daclilni warmogvidgebian~ 

marsel prusti: `wignis kiTxva~ mTargm. s. bendiaSvili 

da n. qajaia. 7-8 gv. 

da aqve moviyvan meore magaliTs: 

àm warsulis gverdiT, romelic Cvenive Sinagani arsia, 

gonebis WeSmaritebani TiTqos nakleb realuria. gana ar veswrafiT 

yovelive imas, rasac SeuZlia warsulis aRdgenaSi 

dagvexmaros? gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca Zala gveleva. nu 

gagvigeben Wkviani adamianebi, romlebmac ar ician, rom xelovani 

martosulia, rom sagnebis absolutur RirebulebaTa 

sazoms mxolod sakuTar TavSi hpovebs~ 

marsel prusti, `wignis kiTxva~. mTargmn. s. bendiaSvili 

da n. qajaia. 12 gv. 

21. Sesavlis komentari: 

`misi bageebiT mRviZare RmerTi metyvelebs~ 


amiT, imis xazgasma mindoda, rom es mRviZare RmerTi yvela 

sulismier adamianSi metyvelebs da amis dasturia, rom maTi 

teqstebi xandaxan sruli identobiT gveZleva. 

amis saukeTeso nimuSia RvTaebrivi platonis teqstSi Jamierobidan 

gamoxmobili axali aRTqmis fragmenti _ dedamiwis 

istoriul droSi ufro mogvianebiT, rom daiwereba. 

am paralelze baCana bregvaZem, ukve migvaniSna Tavis 

S esaniSnav komentarebSi da mas mohyavs platonis `fedoni~dan 

es fragmenti: 

`misteriaTa gamrigeni gveubnebian: 

mravalni arian Cinebul, xolo mciredni rCeul~. 

baCana bregvaZe paralels avlebs axali aRTqmis teqstTan. 

cxadia, axali aRTqmis mcodneTaTvis ar aris Zneli Sesaxsenebeli, 

rom es sityvebi ieso qristes ekuTvnis: 

`mravalni arian Cinebul, xolo mciredni rCeul~. maTe 

20;16; 

paralelis gavleba, ki mainc Zalian Znelia. 

Znelia da SiSismomgvreli im Jamierobis xilvaa, romelSic 

vWvretT frazebs, rogorc erTdaigive mdinarebis ganmeorebad 

fragmentebs. 

da roca monteni 23 ciceronis 24 frazaTa analogiiT warsdgeba 

Cvens winaSe, paskalTan ki montenis azrovnebis nimuSebi 

gagvaxsendeba, is ki ar unda vifiqroT, rogorc amas 

qrestomaTiis Semqmnelni fiqroben, rom viTomcda monteni 

ciceronis zegavlenas gani cdis, an paskali montenis. ara _ 

igavmiuwvdomel mdinareSi isini erTmaneTs xvdebian, esaubrebian 

da am saubrisas, isini cxadia, erTdaigive samyaros 

aRmwerni erTdaigive fraziTac ki mogvmarTaven. 

qrestomaTiul gamokvlevebSi daweren, rom beThoveni 

pirvel da meore simfoniaSi ganicdis mocartis zegavlenas, 

magram es garegnuli Tvalis mier iwereba, sinamdvileSi ki 

beThoveni 25 , is vinc agrZelebs JamierobaSi svlas, isev atarebs 

warsulis motivebs da cdilobs axali musika Seqmnas, 

raTa isev da isev xelaxla daibados. 

168 169


`da is amiT upirispirdeba yalb sazogadoebas, mkvdar 

da CaZinebul adamianebs TavianTi xelovnuri TamaSiT, mravali 

saxeebiT da niRbebiT, rom cdiloben imitacia gaukeTon 

sinamdviles~ 


amiT, is iTqmis, razedac laroSfuko26 lapidaruli fraziT, 

daxvewili maqsimiT, _ zust monaxazs ukeTebs sazogadoebis 

arss. 

`sazogadoeba es niRabia~. 

laroSfuko `maqsimebi~ Targmani baCana bregvaZisa. 

rac, im tragikul sinamdvileze migvaniSnebs, rom adamianTa 

umravlesoba ubralod ar arsebobs. isini mxolod imitacias 

ukeTeben sinamdviles. es niRabia, es yalbi maerTia da is 

meqanizmia, riTac siyalbe, _ sulierobis niRbiT, angarebis 

angariSiT moqmedebs. misi mTavari mamoZravia nebismieri cTomaa, 

romlis ukan dgas misi warmarTveli _ sikvdilis SiSi, SiSi maS 

ase, sikvdilis SiSia wammarTveli, xolo misi qvemdebarea _ 

vneba, Suri, sibraze,... sibraze ase TamaSoben sxeulis monebi suli- 

erebas. isini niRbis SemweobiT axerxeben iyvnen keTilSobilni, 

gulovanni, samarTlianni, qvelmoqmedni, magram sinamdvileSi 

maTi mamoZravi sikvdilis SiSia, _ is demoni, rac adamianTa 

CaZinebul masebs amoZravebs da aiZulebs samyaroSi, raRac 

moimoqmedon _ da imitaciiT aRasrulon TavianTi saqme. 

yvelaze Tavzardamcemi ki albaT is aris, rom sazogadoebaSi 

yvelaze yalbi adamiani ufro dafasebulia da ufro 

metic mas WeSmaritebis gansaxebad miiCneven. maSin, roca is 

adamiani vinc, marTlac gamoxatavs WeSmaritebas _ uaryo- 

filia da ignorirebuli. 

_ laroSfuko ase wers: 

_ 166 `maRal sazogadoebaSi moCvenebiT Rirsebas ufro 

afaseben, vidre WeSmarits~. 

laroSfuko `maqsimebi~. gv. 21. 

axali aRTqmis teqstSi, uamravi damowmeba xdeba imis Sesaxeb, 

rom wuTisofeli ver iRebs namdvil, sulier adamians _ 

da mas brZoliT, siZulviliT ciliswamebiT epasuxeba. 

ai, ra weria axali aRTqmis teqstSi: 

_ `Tu Tqven wuTisofels sZulxarT, icodeT, rom Tqvenze 

uwin me SemiZula~. ioane, 16. 18. 

Tqven rom wuTisoflisani yofiliyaviT, wuTisofels eyvareboda 

Tavisiani. da raki ar xarT wuTisoflisani, aramed me 

gamogarCieT wuTisoflidan, amitom sZulxarT wuTisofels~. 

ioane, 16. 19. 

hamleti, Seqspiris dramaSi, _ rogorc sazogadod maRali 

sulierobis adamiani, yovelTvis devnilia, yovelTvis gandgomilia 

da mouwyobelia am wuTisofelSi. 

ai, axali aRTqmis teqstSi, ra weria amis Sesaxeb: 

_ iesom uTxra mas: `meliebs soroebi aqvT da cis frinvelT 

_ budeebi. kacis Zes ki ara aqvs Tavis mosadreki~ 

luka. 10. 58. 

es iseT adamianze iTqmis, vinc sulier gzas misdevs. 

hamleti upirispirdeba yalb sazogadoebas, rogorc Tavis 

mxriv, yalbi sazogadoeba, _ verasodes Seegueba im adamians, 

romelmac gabeda iyos namdvili, WeSmariti, anu WeSmaritebis 

ganmcxadebeli, radgan is aris maTi niRbis gamSiSvlebeli. 

Tumca Teofilaqte bulgareli 27 maTes saxarebis komentarebSi 

iesos am sityvebs aseT ganmartebas daurTavs: 

8.19. da mouxda mas erTi mwignobari da hrqua: moZRuar, 

migdevde Sen, vidreca xBdodi 

8.20. hrqua mas ieso: melTa kureli uCs da mfrinvelTa 

cisaTa sayofeli. xolo Zesa kacisasa ara aqvs, sada Tavi 

moidrikos. 

19-20 `mwignobrebs~ sjulis wignebis mcodneT uwodebs. 

am mwignobarma, roca mravali saswauli ixila, ifiqra, rom 

ieso maTgan Semosavals iRebda, amitom Seecada gahyoloda 

raTa Tavadac Seegrovebina simdidre. magram ieso ganzraxvas 

170 171

miuxvda da TiTqmis es uTxra: `Cemi gamoyoliT Sen qonebis 

Sovnas fiqrob, magram nuTu vera xedav, rom me saxlic ki ara 

maqvs? aseve unda cxovrobdes isic, vinc me gamomyveba~. ufalma 

es mis dasarwmuneblad Tqva, raTa ganwyobileba Secvloda da 

gahyoloda, magram mwignobari mas gaSorda, zogi `melsa~ da 

`frinvelebSi~ demonebs gulisxmobs. e.i. ufali mwignobars 

eubneba: radganac SenTan demonebi mkvidroben, amitom Sens 

sulSi me Cems gansasvenebel adgils ver vxedavo~. 

netari Teofilaqte bulgareli `maTes saxarebis ganmarteba~, 

67 gv. 

arsebobs uamravi klasikuri Sedevri, sadac gmiri upirispirdeba 

sazogadoebas. 

lev tolstois28 àna karenina~ amis saukeTeso nimuSs 

gvTavazobs. CaZinebuli, yalbi sazogadoeba meTodurad, da wesis 

dacviT mruSobs. maSin, roca ana kareninas didi, wrfeli 

siyvaruli sazogadoebis gansjisa da risxvis sababi xdeba. 

gamorCeviT, SeiZleba visaubroT `daTa TuTaSxiaze~ 

`wess gamonaklisic unda hqondes~ 

W. amirejibi29 `daTa TuTaSxia~ 

am lapidarul fraziT is iTqmis, rom daTa TuTaSxia 

amovardnilia _ wuTisoflis wesidan, kanonzomierebebidan 

_ maSasadame, _ am yalbi, usulo adamianebisagan gansxvavebulia. 

nawarmoebSi, _ es yalbi sazogadoeba virTagvebiT savse 

kasrTan asocirdeba, es kasris meqanizmi ki imarTeba sikvdilis 

SiSiT SiSiT, _ rac is simxdalea, _ yalbi simamacis niRbiT, niRbiT rom 

moRvaweobs cxovrebaSi. 


`meSCani arasodes aReldeba im sagnebiT, rac mis piraduls 

ar Seexeba. meSCanis piraduli ki mxolod Zalmomred aris 

dakavSirebuli samyarosTan~. 

J. siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~, 

gv.16. 

meSCani Zalmomred aris dakavSirebuli samyarosTan. _ si- 

tyva _ sityviT es niSnavs, rom maT yvelas sikvdilis SiSi 

mierekeba. swored, sikvdilis Tavzardamcemi SiSi akeTebinebs 

meSCans yvelafers, _ axali aRTqmis eniT mas ori saxeli 

aqvs, _ fariseveli da mwignobari. 

me moviyvan lukas saxarebidan sam fragments: 

_ `12. 43. vai, Tqven farisevelno, rom giyvarT pirvel 

adgilze jdoma sinagogebSi da mosalmebani moednebze! 

12. 44. vai Tqven, radgan xarT uCinari samarxebiviT, romlebzec 

adamianebi dadian da ar ki ician!~ 

12. 46. ... `vai, Tqven rjulis mcodneno, rom ahkidebT 

adamianebs mZime tvirTs, TviTon ki im tvirTs TiTsac ki ar 

akarebT~ 

`lukas saxareba~ 

meSCani garegnulad yovelTvis mowesrigebulia, _ da misi 

saqcielic uzadod gamoiyureba, _ magram sinamdvileSi, _ 

misi tvirTi uwonadoa, _ radgan misi yoveli saqme imarTeba 

_ sikvdilis SiSisgan. 

jer kidev platoni `fedonSi~ werda: 

_ `... filosofosTa gamoklebiT, yvela sxva kacis simamace 

SiSisgan iRebs dasabams, Tumca sisulele kia, simamacis 

saTaved SiSi da simxdale miaCndes kacs~ 

platoni `fedoni~ 24 gv. 

da Tumca platoni TiTqosda odnavi gaocebiT wers: 

`Tumca sisulele kia _ simamacis saTaved SiSi da simxdale 

miaCndes kacs~ 

Tumca kargad icis, rom swored es sisulele _ sikvdilis 

SiSi igive mdabali, cxoveluri simxdale, mierekeba adamianTa 

umravlesobas, Tavisi saqmis aRsasruleblad. 

am umravlesobas hqvia Tanamedrove samyaroSi meSCani. _ 

magram modiT, gavixsenoT, RvTaebrivi filosofosis platonis 

fragmenti ukvdavi `fedonidan~: 

_ `gana maTi TavdaWerilobac TavaSvebulobisgan ar warmosdgeba? 

Cven vambobT, rom es SeuZlebelia, magram swored 

TavaSvebulobaSi Zevs maTi fuWi TavdaWerilobis saTave, 

172 173

marTlac, erTi siamovnebisgan mxolod imitom ikaveben Tavs, 

rom SiSoben ar dahkarnon meore, romelsac ase etrfian da 

emonebian da Tumca vnebaTagan Zleuls TavaSvebuls uwodeben 

isini, TviTon mxolod imitom iurveben erT vnebas, raTa 

savsebiT minebdnen meores, romelic Tavis nebaze aTamaSebs 

maT. es ki mxolod imas mowmobs, rom maTi TavdaWeriloba 

TavaSvebulobisgan iRebs dasabams~. 


platonis azrs iziarebs laroSfuko Tavis maqsimebSi, misi 

xelmZRvanelobiT zustad Tvals gavadevnebT erTi saxeobis 

vnebis iqiT dafaruli sxva vnebis moZraobis kvals da mis 

saxelsac davadgenT. 

ai, ras wers laroSfuko: 

_ `rasac Cven siqveles vuwodebT, xSirad sxva ara aris ra, 

Tu ara sxvadasxva saqcielisa da sxvadasxva angarebis erToblioba, 

bedisweriTa Tu Cvenive cbierebiT erTad Serwymuli 

da mowesrigebuli. amitom roca qalebi umankoni arian, xolo 

kacebi _ mamacni, yovelTvis rodi SegviZlia vamtkicoT, rom 

maTTvis marTlac niSneulia umankoeba da simamace~. 

laroSfuko. `maqsimebi~. gv. 5 Targm. baCana bregvaZe. 

an, sxvagan is wers: 

10 àdamianis gulSi vnebebi gamudmebiT cvlian erTmaneTs 

da erTis Caferfvla TiTqmis yovelTvis meoris aRgznebas 

moaswavebs~ 

laroSfuko `maqsimebi~ 6 gv. Targm. baCana bregvaZe. 

11 an, `Cveni vnebebi, xSir SemTxvevaSi maTi sapirispiro 

vnebebis wyarod gvevlinebian: siZunwe zogjer mflangvelobis 

saTavea, xolo mflangveloba _ siZunwis; kaci xSirad simxdalis 

gamoa mamaci da simamacis gamoa mxdali~. 

laroSfuko `maqsimebi~ 6 gv. 

magram Tu gvinda meSCanis sapirispiro gza SemovxazoT, 

SegviZlia isev platonis `fedonidan~ vixelmZRvaneloT: 

_ `... WeSmariti filosofosi sxeulisTvis ki ar iRwvis, 

piriqiT, SeZlebisamebr Tavs aridebs mas da sulisTvis iRwvis 

mxolod~. 


Cven SegviZlia WeSmariti filosofosis nacvlad sulier 

gzaze mavali adamiani CavsvaT, romelic yvelaze naklebad 

yuradRebas unda aqcevdes Tavis sxeuls. 

magram ra sasacilod JRers es sityvebi Tanamedrove samyaroSi, 

roca am sityvebs mTeli seriozulobiT warmovTqvamT. 

da ra amazrzenia is xarxari, romelic Cagvesmis, radgan Tanamedrove 

samyaros upirvelesi da ZiriTadi sazrisi sxeulia, 

xolo suli ki mxolod misi usargeblo danamati. 

`piraduli~ _ es orazrovani gamonaTqvamia, es dacinvaa 

udabless safexurze daSvebuli adamianis misamarTiT igi moqmedebs, 

rogorc cxoveli brmad da unebod, Tavis instinqts 

midevnebuli. 

24. gv. 16. laroSfuko (1613_1680) – frangi mwerali, 

moralisti, franguli klasikuri prozis didostati. 


ìs (igulisxmeba cxadia hamleti) iseTive giganturi da 

amoucnobi figuraa, rogorc egviptis qurumebi, romelTac 

xeldasmis Svidi safexuri hqondaT ganvlili~. 

J. siraZe `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~ 18 gv. 

vinmes SeiZleba Seusabamod da gazviadebulad moeCvenos 

Cemi Sedareba hamletisa egviptis qurumebTan, romelTac xeldasmis 

Svidi safexuri hqondaT ganvlili, miT ufro Seqspiris 

piesidan cnobilia hamletis usazomo ryevebi, monologebi, 

sadac is `yofna-aryofnaze~ msjelobs – da sadac ielvebs 

SurisZiebis grZnoba, rac xeldasmulisTvis SeuZlebeli mdgomareobaa. 

da isic, kargad viciT, rom hamleti xeldasmis gzas 

sulac ar adgia. 

magram ra azriT momyavs aq es Sedareba? 

174 175

albaT, imisaTvis, raTa mkiTxvels vaCveno, Tu ra uCveulo 

da igavmiuwvdomeli fenomenia hamleti. da rom hamlets 

hqonda is cnobiereba, romelic aseT aRtacebasTan erTad, 

gaocebas da mowiwebas gvinergavs. magram raTa ufro mkveTrad 

vaCino am Sedarebis SesaZlebloba, me gavixseneb r. Staineris 

saubars Tavis meore mowafesTan, qristian TeologTan ritelmaierTan. 

ai, ras ixsenebs is: 

èrTxel saubrisas man (Stainerma) miTxra, rom misi 

mSoblebi RvTismosaobiT ar gamoirCeodnen da adre bavSvobaSi 

misTvis araferi uTqvamT qristes cxovrebaze. xolo 

mere, rodesac Tavad gaecno saxarebas, gaukvirda rom iq ise- 

Ti ram amoikiTxa, rac adre bavSvobaSi TviTon ganicada da 

mkafiod Seicno~. 

TviTon Staineri wers: 

sulismecnierebis enaze aseTi cnobiereba – wminda sofiis 

buneba, qalwulebrivi sibrZnis cxovreba xeldasmis 

iniciaciis mxolod meSvide safexurze miiRweva. (es is sulieri 

simaRlea, romelic dedamiwaze mxolod bodisatvas 

SeiZleba gaaCndes). 

r. Staineri `vardisa da jvris saidumloeba~, 12 gv 

26. gv. 18. d.h. lorensi – (1885_1930.) britaneli mwerali, 

poeti, romanisti, esseisti. avtori fsiqologiuri 

Janris wignisa àracnobieris fantazia~. Tamar kotrikaZis 

saintereso esseidan me moviyvan erT amonarids: `lorensma 

Taviseburad gaiazra XII saukunis qristiani moazrovnis 

ioaqim florelis doqtrina istoriis sam sulier epoqad 

dayofis Sesaxeb. `mamam aRasrula Tavisi Jami, Zem aRasrula 

Tavisi Jami, axla suliwmindis Jami sufevs~ _ ganacxadebs 

lorensi. es ki gulisxmobs kacobiobris istoriis dayofas 

ioaqimiseul epoqebad: Zveli aRTqmis xana mama RmerTis xana 

iyo, axali aRTqmisa – Zis xana, xolo mesame, axali xana anu 

Tanamedroveoba `suliwmindis~ Jamia. anu Tanamedrove adamiani 

sakuTar qmedebebze pasuxs, pirvel rigSi sakuTari Tavis 

winaSe agebs. lorensiseuli `suliwminda~ is orientiria, 

romelic gvaniWebs Sinagan mTlianobas~. T. kotrikaZe 

morwmune adamianisTvis kacobiobris droTa dinebis ase- 

Ti xelovnuri dayofa yovlad miuRebelia. mama, Ze da suliwminda 

erTi, daucilebeli mTlianobaa. Tumca Tavad mkiTxvelisTvis 

mimindvia gasnajos lorensiis naazrevi. 



àxalgazrda kaci SeZrwunebulia dedamisis sisxlis aRrevis 

gamo 

seqss aq axasiaTebs iseTi veluri da uCveulo SiSi, rogorc 

mas aqamde arasodes gaaCnda. fizikuri urTierTobis 

ubralo xsenebac ki, mas zaravs, TiTqos es arnaxuli naklia~. 

lorensi. gv. 18. 

roca teqstSi lorensis gamonaTqvams vakritikeb, SeiZleba 

vinmes moeCvenos, rom me erTmniSvnelovnad vuarvyof seqsis 

bunebas, radgan farisevlurad vakritikeb lorenss. magram es 

simarTles ar Seesabameba, me yovelTvis mabnevda es sakiTxi, 

_ magram yvelaze metad sagonebelSi maSin vvardebi, roca 

Rrmadmorwmune n. berdiaevis 30 am mosazrebebs vkiTxulob: 

`... Все почти трагедии в жизни связаны с полом и любовью. 

Всем известно, что с полом связана вся наша жизненность, 

что половое возбуждение носит характер экстатический и 

творческий~. 

Н. Бердяев, Новое религиозное сознание и общественность. 

стр. 159. 

saocaria, rom am teqsts uaRresad religiuri nikoloz 

berdiaevi wers: 

`Необходимо победить ложную стыдливость и лицемерное 

ханжество в вопросе о поле, иначе человечеству грозить гибель от 

подпольных тайнь пола, от внутренней анархiи и пола, прикрытой 

внешним над ним насилием~. 


стр. 159. 

176 177

da Semdeg is ukve akritikebs kidec qristianobis damokidebulebas 

seqsisadmi: 

`Христианство не преобразило пола, не одухотворило 

половой плоти, наобороть, оно окончательно сделало поль 

хаотическим, отправило его. Демонизм пола есть как бы обратная 

сторона христианского проклятия пола. Могущественная половая 

любовь была загнана внутрь, так как ей отказали в благословении, 

превратилась в болезненное томление, не покидающее нас и до 

сихпор. Аскетическое христианское учение допускаеть половую 

любовь, лишь как слабость греховной человеческой природы. Так 

и осталась половая любовь слабостью, стыдомь почти грязью. 

Трагическая христианская суеверия относительно пола живут 

еще, отравляют еще кровь нашу нестерпемымы дуализмом. 

Мы почти примирились с тем, что пол греховень, что радость 

половой любви нечистая радость что сладострастие _ грязно, 

и мы спокойно продолжаем грешить, предаваться нечистым 

радостям и грязному сладостратiю, так как намь-дe, слабым 

людям все равно не достигнуть идеала... 

... Слова Христа о поле и любви остались не понятны, не 

вмещены, и пол выпал из господствующего христианского 

сознания, сделался достоянием эзотерическихь учений. 

!!! Госпосдствубщее релизиозное сознание поставило 

проблему пола в зависимость от вульгарнаго дуализма духа и 

плоти, связало ее с греховностью плоти и это была не только 

моральная, но и метафизическая ошибка. Ведь плоть столь же 

метафизична и трансцендентна, как и дух, и плотская половая 

любовь имьееть транцендентно метафизическiе корни~. 


стр. 160. 

xSirad roca vasaxelebT avtors, ganuzomlad mets 

saTqmels vTavazobT mkiTxvels. nikoloz berdiaevis SemTxvevaSic 

asea: 

`В истории мировой философии я знаю только два великих 

учения о поле и любви. Учение Платона и Вл. Соловьева 31 . `Пирь~ 

Платона и `Смысл `любви~ Вл. Соловьева~. 


стр. 161. 

lorensi metismetad TviTmyofadi da saintereso xelovani 

da moazrovnea. misi mosazrebebi Tavisi paradoqsalurobiT 

Tavzars gvcemen da gvafxizleben. 

me gamovarCevdi am gamoTqmas: 

_ ìnglisis WeSmariti tragedia, Cemis azriT misi simaxinjea. 

mSvenieria misi buneba, adamianis mier Seqmnili inglisi 

ki _ sazareli~. 

`Sexvedra deivid lourensTan~ avtori da mTargmn: T. 

kotrikaZe. afra VI _ 98 w. 

an, me arsad wamikiTxavs, ufro gansacvifrebeli da zusti 

mosazreba qalis Sesaxeb, vidre lorensis es mosazreba: 

_ `qals sisxlis bneli siRrmiT vicnobT~ _ ambobs 

lourensi, _ `Caswvde mas gonebiT igivea, rac mokla is~. da 

lorensis xasiaTi, rom ufro gamovkveToT, ar SeiZleba es 

fraza ar moviyvanoT: 

_ `rom arasodes mivcem uflebas kacobriobas, raime 

momaxvios Tavs, aramed yovelTvis, vecdebi vaRiaro RmerTi 

da davemorCilo mas, rogorc CemSi, aseve sxva adamianebSi _ 

qalebSic da kacebSic~. 

`Sexvedra deivid lourensTan~ avtori da mTargmn: T. 

kotrikaZe. afra VI - 98 w. 

magram roca lorensi hamletze wers, _ mas sruli uazroba 

da abda-ubda gamosdis, radgan, is im sferos Seexo, rac 

misTvis ase ucxoa da miuRebeli. 

erTgvarad komikur iers iZens lorensis naweri, roca 

hamletis enigmur pirovnebas ànatomiur~ aRweras ukeTebs. 

es ànatomiuroba~ cxadia pirobiTia, _ kerZod lorensis 

sityvebiT aRwerili seqsis veluroba da uCveulo SiSi 

maxasiaTebelia mxolod sulis dabal safexurze. _ magram 

hamleti xom maRal, mistiur safexurze asuli pirovnebaa, 

romelic faqtiurad gasulia miwieri samyarodan. Tumca 

178 179

Seqspiris teqstSi xSirad es yovelTvis ase naTlad ara 

sCans, radgan Seqspirma am teqstSi Cado Rrma dumili da 

am igavmiuwvdomel teqstSi hamleti warmogvidgeba, rogorc 

kacobriobis srulyofili suli. 

magram, rogorc ukve aRvniSne Seqspiris teqsti xSirad 

amas ewinaaRmdegeba, magram am SemTxvevaSi mTavaria is dumili, 

romelsac unda movusminoT, is, rac hamletis pirovnebas Tan 

sdevs. 

aq SeiZleba m. meterlinkis 32 sityvebi moviyvanoT: 

_ `все что может быть высказано, само по себе не имеет 

значения~. 

М. Метерлинк `Сокровище смиренных~, стр. 88. 

da roca me vambob, rom lorensi mxolod anatomiur aRweras 

ukeTebs hamletis enigmur pirovnebas amiT isic iTqmis, 

rom hamletis igavmiuwvdomel simaRles is oidiposis 

kompleqsSi gamoamwyvdevs da Seukeravs im tansacmels, rac 

hamletis pirovnebas ar miesadageba. dedasTan kavSiri da 

mamasTan kavSiri seqsualurobis es Ziri da fesvi, sruliad 

ganimqvreba da gardaisaxeba masTan RvTaebriv cecxlad da 

wminda siyvarulad. 

Tumca Cvens saukuneSi, roca sityva WeSmariteba saZulveli 

Seiqmna, roca wminda siyvaruli sasacilo da abuCad asagdebi 

Seiqmna, sulac kanonzomieria, rom hamletisnairi adamianebi 

miuRebelni Seiqmnen da ufro metic isini Seuracxadad arian 

aRiarebulni. 

aq me gavixseneb zg. froidis 33 erT-erT aqsiomas, romelic 

SeuZlebels xdis adamianis Tvis im maRali misiis aRsrulebisTvis 

gzis ganvlas. ai, isic: 

_ `Но кто знаком с душевной жизнью человека, тот знает, что 

нет для него ничего тяжелее, чем отказ от прежде испытанного 

наслаждение~. 

froidis gzis erTguli lorensi amitomac ase saSinlad 

amaxinjebs RvTaebrivi hamletis enigmurobas da mas, velurobisa 

da SiSiT aborgebul seqsis stiqiad warmogvidgens. 

da me davasruleb am komentars r. Staineris am fraziT: 

`seqsualuroba, is ucxo ramaa, romelic absoluturad 

gansxvavdeba wminda siyvarulisgan, mecnierebam (aq cxadia 

upirveles yovlisa z. froidis Teoria _ igulisxmeba J.s.) 

ukiduress sisaZaglemde daiyvana igi _ man iseTi literatura 

Semoitana, rac erTmaneTTan im or Zalas aerTebs, romlebsac 

araferi ar akavSirebT~. 

r. Staineri `vardisa da jvris saidumloeba~, 278 gv. 

28. gv. 19. zigmund froidi _ (1856_1939) avstrieli 

nevropaTologi, fsiqiatri, fsiqologi, fsiqoanalizis 

fuZemdebeli. 

Tu ramdenad didi zegavlena moaxdina fsiqoanalizma 

literaturaze, amaze metyvelebs n. yiasaSvilis sityvebi: 

`...froidis Teoria adamianis aracnobieri samyaros Sesaxeb 

ocian wlebSi didad gascda fsiqologiis da fsiqopaTologiis 

farglebs da imdroindeli mwerlebisTvis da ara mxolod 

mwerlebisTvis xSirad udavo WeSmaritebad iyo aRiarebuli 

am moZRvrebis ZiriTadi debulebani~. 

n. yiasaSvili (winasityvaoba wignisa j. joisi ùlise~). 


`Tumca Tanamedrove adamiani tanjvisadmi erTgulebas 

irCevs.~ 

J. siraZe `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~, gv. 27. 

vidre am frazis komentirebas daviwyeb, minda moviyvano 

didi krZalviTa da keTili ganzraxviT Semoklebuli netari 

Teofilaqte bulgarelis mier `maTes saxarebis~ teqstis 

ganmartebani: 

iesom mowafeebs uTxra: `me yovelgvari Zalaufleba momeca 

zecaSic da dedamiwazeco~ es ki Semdegs niSnavs: rogorc 

RmerTsa da Semoqmeds, me mudam mqonda Zalaufleba yoveliveze, 

– rameTu `yovelive Sen gmsaxurebs~ mimarTavs daviTi 

RmerTs (fs. 118; 91); – magram nebayoflobiTi morCileba me 

180 181

ar mqonia, axla ki me vfiqrob isic meqneba, rameTu axla me 

yvelaferi damemorCileba, roca Cemi jvariT me davamarcxe 

sikvdilis samefo. morCileba orgvari aris: erTi uneburi, 

romlis mixedviTac yvela Cvengani RmerTis monebi varT uneburad, 

rogorc demonebi. magram arsebobs agreTve Tavisufali 

morCileba, romlis mixedviTac, magaliTad, pavle iyo mona 

qristesi. uwin, roca yoveli maTgani uneburad emorCileboda, 

macxovars rogorRac naxevari Zalaufleba hqonda, magram 

jvarcmis Semdeg, roca RvTisSemecneba yvelasTvis misaw vdomi 

gaxda da roca yvela daemorCila nebayoflobiT. qriste ambobs, 

rom àxla me miviRe yovelgvari Zalaufleba~. ùwin 

me mxolod nawilobrivi Zalaufleba mqonda, rameTu me memsaxurebodnen 

uneburad, radgan me Semoqmedi viyav, axla ki, 

roca me adamianebi ukve gonebiT memsaxurebian, me ukve yovelgvari 

da sruli ufleba maqvs~. 

da Teofilaqte bulgareli kiTxviT xazs gausvams jvarcmis 

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobasa da sazriss: `visgan mieca 

mas es ufleba? mieca sakuTari Tavisagan da Tavisi simdab- 

lisagan, rameTu ar damdabldeboda da jvariT ar Seebmeboda 

mowinaaRmdegeT, maSin veRar dagvixsnida Cven.~ netari Teofilaqte 

bulgaruli `maTes saxarebis ganmarteba~. 

magram Tanamedrove adamianma (cxadia, aq mxolooden literatorTa 

tendenciebzea saubari) sxva gza airCia. eserT- gulebaa tanjvisa, rac niSnavs, rom qristes mowameobriv 

sikvdils, jvarcmas sazrisi waarTva. 

u. folkneri34 ase wers: 

– `qriste jvars ki ar acves. saaTis pawawina isrebis 

wik-wikma mouRo bolo, imitom, rom dai ar hyavda mas~. 

u. folkneri, `xmauri da mZvinvareba~. 

u. folkneris azriT, ise gamodis, rom TiTqosda qristem 

ver igrZno sikvdilis msaxvrali xeli, anu drois uazro 

dinebam, saaTis wik-wikma mouRo bolo. u. folkneri qristes 

jvarcmis interpretacias axali aRTqmis teqstis ugulebelhyofiT 

axdens. riTac Tavisdauneburad qristes materialuri 

samyaros monobaSi adanaSaulebs, rac qristes WeSmarit gzas 

ewinaaRmdegeba. da Tumca axali aRTqmis teqstSic xdeba 

qristes ase dadanaSauleba. magram es xdeba farisevelTa da 

mwignobarTa mier. 

qristes roca mimarTaven: 

_ Sen xar iudevelTa mefe. 

qristes pasuxi lakonuria: 

_ Sen ambobs amas! 

da folkneri cilismwamebelTa mxares dgeba, – maSin roca 

qristem kacobriobisadmi ganuzomeli siyvarulis gamo, Tavi 

daimdabla da morCilebiT Seimosa kacebrivi bunebiT, raTa 

srulad ewvnia da mieRo adamianis xorcieli vnebis simware. 

amitomac am amoyiravebuli samyaros modelSi dro gaxda 

xelovanis sasjeli, rac niSnavs, rom mas sikvdili da- 

eufla. 

u. folkneri wers: 

– àr arsebobs ìyo~ – arsebobs mxolod àris~. ìyo~, 

rom arsebuliyo, wuxili, dardi ar iqneboda~. 

u. folkneri `saubrebi u. folknerTan~ Targmani rostom 

da paata CxeiZeebisa 

am amoyiravebul samyaroSi sagnebi ufskrulzea Camokidebuli 

da adamiani usazomo da dauZleveli, mware àwmyos~ 

tanjviT aris mudmiv Zleuli. 

aRmosavluri Sridan tanjva aRiqmeba, rogorc diadi 

iluzia, maxe, romlis mizeziT adamiani brmaa da amitomac mas 

uxilavi, miRmuri samyarosken savali gza Caketili aqvs, vidre 

ar ganTavisufldeba misgan. 

marTlmadidebluri religia ki WeSmaritebisken saval 

gzas upirvelesad vnebaTagan ganTavisuflebaSi xedavs, Tumca 

tanjva upirobod ar aRiqmeba, rogorc vnebis Tanamdevi ram. 

piriqiT, tanjva Cven gvawrTobs, is saSualebaa, da ara mizani, 

rac niSnavs, rom materialuri samyarosgan gangvaSorebs da 

agvamaRlebs. 

182 183

magram u. folknerTan, rogorc sazogadod Tanamedrove 

mwerlebTan tanjva miRebulia, rogorc ukve araerTxel 

aRvniSne amoyiravebuli samyaros, yofierebis CarCoSi Caketil 

sivrceSi moqceuli adamianis sazareli sasjeli. amaze Tvals 

agvixels oqtavio pasis mier Tanamedrove kubizmis mamam- 

Tavris brakis35 aseTi daxasiaTeba. 

`braki ar eZebs sagnis arss: sagani masTan drois gam- 

Wvirvale nakadSi erTveba~. 

oqtavio pasi36 àrili~ N 7 (152 gv.) 

is, faqtiurad, mTeli Tanamedrove samyaros suraTs Semoxazavs. 

am samyaroSi, xom sagnis arsis Zieba ar xdeba, radgan 

es SeuZlebelia. yvelaferi xom swored drois am gamWvirvale 

nakadSi, wami-wamobiT midenaSi ifanteba da qreba. 

am samyaroSi RmerTi arsebobs mxolod imdenad, ramdenadac 

es SeiZleba individis ndomis survili Seiqmnes, rac 

ewinaaRmdegeba wm. mamaTa mier gamoTqmul azrebs RmerTis 

bunebis Sesaxeb. rac fsevdo dionise areopagelis mier ase 

aRiwereba: 

_ `yovlisagan sruliad ganyenebuli da yovlismiRmuri~ 

s. kirkegori37 ki cdilobs amis sapirispiro mosazreba 

daadasturos: 

– `sikeTe, sikeTe, kirkegoris azriT gamovlindeba (gamomJRavnde- 

ba) imiT, rom me minda igi. sxvagvarad, mas arsebobac ar 

SeuZlia. maSasadame, sikeTe ganpirobebulia TavisuflebiT. 

swored aseve boroteba arsebobs (aris) mxolod imitom, rom 

me minda igi~ popiaSvili, ìndividis problema s. kirkegorisa 

da fr. nicSes 38 filosofiaSi. 58 gv. 

radgan s. kirkegorma Tanamedrove filosofosTa (amoyiravbuli 

samyaros warmomadgenelTa msgavsad) Semoitana axali 

sawyisi. ai, ras wers popiaSvili ukve aRniSnul naSromSi. 

– `... kirkegors filosofiaSi Semoaqvs axali sawyisi, 

axali absoluti-individi, aqtiur samoRvaweo asparezze gamo- 

hyavs aqamde marTlacda yvelasgan miviwyebuli, CrdilSi mdgari 

arseba – individi. kirkegorTan swored TviTarCevanis 

Sedegad TavisTavs dauflebuli individi, pirovneba iRebs 

umniSvnelovanes gadawyvetilebebs yvelafris mimarT. – sikeTe 

da boroteba, kargi da avi, RmerTi da eSmaki da a.S. da a.S. s. 

kirkegorTan individia RirebulebaTa mafuZnebeli~. 

popiaSvili ìndividis problema s. kirkegorisa da fr. 

nicSes filosofiaSi~. gv. 303. 

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, s. kirkegoris moyvanili citatebi 

ewinaaRmdegeba wmida mamaTa gamoTqmul azrebs RmerTis 

bunebis Sesaxeb. 

àdamianis daniSnulebaa, rakiRa amqveynad gaCnda, RmerTis 

povnaa, Tumca mas ar SeuZlia misi povna manam, sanam Tavad 

RmerTi ar ipovis mas. `misiT vcocxlobT da vmoZraobT~ 

magram Cvenma vnebebma dagvibrmava sulieri Tvali da Cven 

ver vxedavT mas. magram roca saxieri RmerTi Tavis mzeras 

mogvapyrobs, maSin, viTarca Zilisagan gamoRviZebulni, viwyebT 

Cveni cxonebis Ziebas~. 

ioseb aToneli39 àdamians TavisiT arafriT ar ZaluZs WeSmaritad keTili 

Seiqnas, rogoradac ar unda surdes es, Tuki masSi RmerTi 

ar Sesaxldeba, radgan aravinaa keTili da saxieri, Tvinier 

RmerTisa mxoloisa~. 

wmida antoni didi40 `... gadarCena ase iwyeba. adamianma unda dautevos Tavisi 

neba da gulisxmayofa da Seiqmneba RmrTis nebis da zraxvis 

aRmsrulebeli. RmrTis nebas ver SevicnobT gulisxmisyofis 

gareSe da es unda xdebodes ara sakuTari aramed imaTi gansjis 

safuZvelze, visac saamiso codnac aqvs da gamocdilebac. 

sxvagvarad xsna SeuZlebelia. isic ki, rac Cven sikeTed 

migvaCnia yovelTvis ar aris sikeTe imis gamo, rom udrood 

aResrulebina an kidev imitom, rom ar gvWirdeba~. 

wmida petre damaskeli 

184 185

diax, diadi iluzia da winaaRmdegoba saxezea. sinamvile- 

Si ki individi, romelic RvTaebrivis nebis msaxurebaSi ar 

cdilobs Tavisi sulieri saunje Casdos, – kargavs am suls. 

es pirdapir ase iwereba axal aRTqmaSi: 

_ 24. WeSmaritad, WeSmaritad geubnebiT Tqven. Tu miwaSi 

Cavardnili xorblis marcvali ar mokvda, marto dar- 

Ceba da Tu mokvda, bevr nayofs gamoisxams~. ioane ioane 12.24. 12.24. 

`vinc Tavis suls poulobs, dakargavs mas, xolo vinc 

Tavis suls CemTvis kargavs, hpovebs mas~. maTe 10.39. 

vivekanandas 41 sityvebi kidev erTxel gvidastureben im 

WeSmaritebas, rom yvela religia upirobod moiTxovs im `me~s 

`mokvdinebas~ pavle mociqulis sityvebiT `garegani adamianis~, 

anu rogorc Tanamedrove terminiT iTqmis, ègos~ 

daZlevas: 

– `visac individualuri `me~ gaucnobiereblad, Seucnoblad 

uyvars, aseTi siyvaruli egoizmia. visac uyvars sakuTari 

individualuri `me~-s wvdoma, aseTi siyvaruli SeuzRudavi 

da SeuboWavia, aseTi pirovneba wmindania~. `s. vivekananda 

`leqciebi~ mTargm. n. kenWoSvili 111 gv. 


`Cven yovel wams televizoriT, warmosaxviTi msoflios 

sarkeSi materialuri samyaros mujluguns SevigrZnobT~. 

Jaklin siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~, 

gv. 21. 

televizoris meSveobiT, im giganturi `meqanizmis~ saxes 

CavyurebT, romlis asaxva araerTma filosofosma Tu xelovanma 

scada. simbolurad mas Cven kacobriobas vuwodebT. 

am warmosaxviT sarkeSi mosCans giganturi sxeulis tvini, 

azrebi, cTomani, neba _ da Cven Tvalyurs vadevnebT, Tu rogor 

ukavSirdeba materialuri samyaro sulier samyaros da 

isic ikveTeba, rom wammarTveli amJamad, Tanamedrove samyaros 

modelSi es pirvelia. 

reklama _ zustad gamosaxavs pirdapir kavSirs materialur 

da sulier samyaroebs Soris _ Tanamedrove monteni, 

ciceroni, laroSfuko Tu paskali dRes maqsimebisa da azrebis 

nacvlad sareklamo rgolebze muSaobs. 

Tu rogor mZlavria reklama Tanamedrove samyaroSi, 

amaze miuTiTebs reklamis uxeSi, materialuri mujluguni 

romlis `wyalobiT~ im dros roca igavmiuwvdomeli Sedevri, 

romelsac gadavyavarT miRmur samyaroSi, SeiZleba xelovnurad 

da myi sierad Sewydes da umal, materialuri samyaros tlanq, 

uxeS samyaroSi, dagvabrunos romelSic angarebis mdinareba 

miadinebs samyaros nebismier sagans. 

31. gv. 21. fridrih nicSe _ (1844_1900) _ didi germaneli 

filosofosi. 



`samad sami anegdoti ikmareba adamianis dasaxasiaTeblad~ 

fr. nicSe, `filosofosebis Sesaxeb~. 

am frazis axsnisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom adamiani 

romelzedac aq aris saubari _ fridrix nicSes filosofiaSi 

amoyiravebul samyaros models ganekuTvneba. 

amis dasamowmeblad albaT umjobesi iqneboda, isev nicSes 

cnobili kiTxvebi moviyvanoT, romelic man Tavis cnobil. rogorc 

man uwoda momavali filosofiis preludias _ kerZod, 

`borotebisa da sikeTis miRmi~-s winasityvaobaSi dasva: 

pirveli da umTavresi, iqneb Tavzardamcemi kiTxva unda 

gavaJReroT: 

`Что собственно в нас хочет истины~-? 

am kiTxvis dakonkretebasa da gaRrmavebas fr. nicSe meore 

kiTxviT Seecdeba: 

_ `Положим мы хотим истины, _ отчего же лучше не 

лжи?~ 

Фр. Ницше `По ту сторону добра и зла~ 

186 187

am kiTxvebSi ukve devs monaxazi amoyiravebuli samyaros 

im modelisa, _ a. kamiu `sizifes miTSi~ rom aRwerda: 

_ àbsurdi, romelic aqamde daskvnad iyo miCneuli, am 

esseSi aTvlis wertilad gvevlineba~. a. kamiu, `sizifes 

miTi~, 3 gv. 

rogor aris SesaZlebeli aTvlis wertilad absurdis miCneva? 

magram, es xom is samyaroa, ideaTa samyaros imitirebiT 

rom axerxebs misgan usasrulod daSorebas. 

me bertran raselis42 erTi mkvaxe ganacxadi ufro mets 

meubneba fr. nicSes Sesaxeb, vidre sxvaTa naSromebi: 

_ `Мне неприятен Ницшe потому, что ему нравится созерцать 

страдание~. 

Б. Рассел `История западной философий~. 

mivaqcioT yuradReba: tanjvis ganWvreta, tanjvis mzera. 

ra ucnaur Tvisebaze saubrobs nicSe, da ra arasworad 

miemarTeba erTimeoresTan ori daukavSirebeli ram. radgan 

sadac tanjvaa, iq Wvreta SeuZlebelia, xolo iq, sadac 

Wvreten _ tanjva ukve daZleulia. 

da me isev patara kunZuls Seviqmni, da es bertran raselis 

interpretacia iqneba nicSes Sesaxeb: 

`Он ставит силу воли выше всего~. 

Б. Рассел `История западной философий~. 

Tu saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi filosofiuri skolebi Tu 

Teologebi mxolod imisTvis iRwvodnen, raTa adamians saku- 

Tari Tavi Seecno, _ rac upirveles yovlisa sakuTar nebaze 

uaris Tqmas niSnavda, raTa RvTaebrivi nebis, sinaTlis, da 

siyvarulisa Tu sibrZnisaTvis adgili gamoeTavisuflaT. 

nicSe moulodnelad zurgs aqcevs kacobriobis memkvidreobas 

da mas sanagve yuTSi moisvris. misTvis xom warmmarTveli _ 

nebis Zalaufleba Seiqmna. ase iqca adamianis ZiriTad Tvisebebad 

ara, Tavisufali neba da goneba, rac mis RvTaebriobas 

Segvaxsenebda, aramed sami anegdoti, _ anegdoti romelic 

Semoxazavs adamianis parodiul saxes. _ da Cven Secbunebulni 

da Tavzardacemulni aRmovaCenT, rom ideaTa samyarosgan usas- 

rulod dacilebulni aCrdilTa usasrulo aslis xelovnur 

samyaroSi moveqeciT. 

amitomac iwereba a. kamius mier aseTi teqsti: 

_ ` TviT es gulic saguleSi rom miZgers, samudamod 

Seucnobeli darCeba CemTvis~. a. kamiu, `sizifes miTi~, mTargmn. 

n. iordaniSvili gv. 27. 

adamianis Semzaravi gaxevebisa da misi aCrdilad yofnis 

sazarlobasa da am usasrulo aslebis samyaros nawilad 

qcevis anabeWdia saSineli sityvebi: 

`me mudam ucnobi davrCebi Cemiv TavisaTvis~ a. kamiu 

`sizifes miTi~, mTargmn. n. iordaniSvili, 27 gv. 

_ am amoyiravebuli samyaros modelis àrsze~, a. kamiu 

ase wers: 

_ àrian WeSmaritebani, magram ara _ WeSmariteba~. 

WeSmariteba~ 

a. kamiu, `sizifes miTi~, mTargmn. n. iordaniSvili, 28 gv. 

33. alber kamiu – (1913-1960). frangi mwerali da filosofosi, 

egzistencializmis erT-erTi wamyvani fuZemdebeli. 

nobelis premiis laurenati literaturis dargSi. 1957 w. 


`Cven daaxloebiT warmovadgenT rames~ 

Cven daaxloebiT warmovadgenT rames~ 

a. kamiu `dacema~ 

J. siraZe. `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~ gv. 22 

rTulia sworxazovnad da erTmniSvnelovnad isaubro 

XX saukunis xelovnebaze da mainc, Rrmadmorwmune nikoloz 

berdiaevi xazgasmulad da mkacrad wers, ise rom mis nawers 

odnavi iWvic ki ar atyvia, rom XX saukunis xelovanTa da 

filosofosTa warmomadgenlebma WeSmaritis Ziebaze xeli 

aiRes. berdiaevis azriT maT saerTodac gauqraT is diadi 

gancda da moTxovna WeSmaritebis ZiebisTvis, rom aris saWiro. 

es upirvelesad WeSmaritebisadmi siyvarulia. magram roca 

Tomas manis Canawerebs fr nicSeze da T. dostoevskis Ses- 

188 189

axeb kiTxulob SiSi gipyrobs da TiTqos grcxvenia kidec 

gabedo n. berdiaevis aseTi sworxazovani da erTmniSvnelovani 

Sefaseba gaiziaro, TiTqos geuxerxuleba kidec aRiaro, rom 

Tanamedrove qmnilebebSi Semecnebis paradoqsalur gzasTan 

erTad Tvalxiluli borotebis xorcSesxmul formebsac 

hpoveb, da ufro metic, verc yoveldRiurobis sagnebs akrul 

Tvalxiluli jojoxeTis anarekls afaseb dogmaturad da 

mkacrad. 

radgan fr. nicSesa da T. dostoevskis samyaroTa qveS (maT 

vinc, Tanamedrove xelovnebis uaRresad saintereso, paradoqsaluri 

da saSiSi gzebi Semoxazes) erTi da igive mdinare 

moedineba, da am mdinares ganuzomeli codvisa da damnaSaveobis 

gancda amoZravebs. am mdinaris mamoZravad SeiZleba miviCnioT 

fraza: `Я не только злым, но даже и ничем не сумел сделаться: 

ны злым, не добрым, не подлецом, не честным, не героем, не 

насекомым~. 

Ф. Достоевский, `записки из подполья~стр. 100. 

amitomac iwereba a. kamius mier brbos kacis (mersos) 

aRsarebaSi aseTi ucnauri fraza: 

`Никто, Никто, никто не имел право ее оплакивать~ 

А. Камю, `Чужой~, 96 стр. 

erTi SexedviT, merso Tavis gancdas ise usazomod gazrdis 

da Tavisi dedis datirebis SesaZleblobas ise warmoisaxavs, 

rom TiTqosda amiT igi adamianur mijnas gadaabijebs. 

is ambobs: aravis, aravis, aravis anu, dedamisis datirebis pativi 

TiTqosda aravis ar SeuZlia eboZos, anu, aravis aqvs amis 

ufleba. magram sinamdvileSi am àravin~-Si ikveTeba is ucxo, 

romelic masSi sakuTari dedis datirebas ver SesZlebs. – am 

ucxo-s, am aravin-is sawinaaRmdegod ikveTeba vinme, moTxro- 

baSi – mas arabis saxiT vecnobiT. vecnobiT amis dadasturebaa, rom roca 

moTxroba ùcxo~-Si merso klavs arabs, amave dros is klavs 

didi sinamdvilis mogonebas, anu rac mas unda ganecada dedis 

cxedris gverdiT. modiT, xelaxla gavixsenoT moTxrobaSi 

aRwerili ambavi. kerZod, arabis mkvleloba. am dros arabs, 

mersosTvis am sruliad ucnob adamians xelSi dana uWiravs, 

romlis laplapa zedapiri mexsierebis sarked gardaisaxeba, 

romelSic didi sinamdvile mcxunvare, kaSkaSa mzis saxiT 

airekleba, da merso ver uZlebs tkivilis mexsierebas da 

faqtiurad, roca is klavs mis winaSe mdgom kacs – arabs, 

misi saxiT is klavs didi sinamdvilis mexsierebas. 

exla aRvidginoT Tu rogor ganecxadeba mersos didi 

sinamdvile dedis cxedris pirispir: 

– `Меня разбудил шорох. Я успел отвыкнуть от яркого 

света и выбеленные стены совсем ослепили меня. Теней не было, 

каждый предмет, каждый угол и изгиб вырисовывались так четко, 

что резало глаза. В комнату входили мамини друзья. Их было 

человек двенадцать. Они неслышно скользили в слепящем свете. 

Они уселись и ни один стул не скрипнул. Никогда, никогда я не 

видел так ясно, до последней морщинки, до последней складки 

одежды. Однако их совсем не было слышно просто не верилось, 

что это живые люди люди~. 

А. Камю `Чужой~ 44 стр. 

modiT CamovTvaloT didi sinamdvilis Riaobis niSnebi: 

`metismetma mkveTrma sinaTlem Tvali momWra (ambobs merso). 

– (Tumca is ar dabrmavda, – radgan ar miiRo es sinamdvile) 

sagnebs Crdili ar axlavs. rogorc platoni ityoda: didi 

sinamdvile, saganTa namdvil saxes – ideebs gvisaxsovrebs. 

(adamianis moZraobas xma ar dahyveba, xmauri ar ismis. 

Tumca merso amasac ar iocebs, radgan brma rCeba am did 

sinamdvileSic). is ambobs – arasodes ase mkveTrad, ase cxadad 

ar daminaxia arcerTi sagani (cxadia, aq didi sinamdvilis 

Riaobis igavmiuwvdomel naTelSi vimzirebiT, rac cxads xdis 

saganTa dafarulobas). 

sxva saubris Temaa, rom dedis megobrebi, ieso-qristes 

mowafeTa msgavsad Tormetni arian, magram es sulac ar niSnavs, 

rom merso – ieso qristea, an ieso – dedis, cxedaria, 

an ieso – arabia, ... ara. rogorc a. kamiu wers: 

`Cven yvelani dakninebulni qristeebi varT~. 

190 191

a. kamiu `dacema~ 

am logikiT gamodis, rom moTxrobis yvela personaJi 

– ieso qristea. 

dedis cxedris gverdiT aRmarTuli didi sinamdvilis 

SemaZrwunebeli sicxade mianiSnebs raRacaze, ris winaSec 

SesaZloa merso unda damdgariyo, es raRac, – sikvdilis 

ufskrulis winaSe dgomaa da ìq~, sadac sakuTari sulieri 

me-s danaxva da TviTSecnobaa SesaZlebeli. 

magram merso sulac ar cdilobs didi sinamdvilis winaSe 

darCes da masSi Caemwyvdes, radgan ar surs aexilos 

sulieri Tvali, anu ar surs Taviss suls waakiTxos, rom 

deda moukvda. 

ase ibadeba aravin, – erTis SexedviT, es usazomod gazrdili 

tkivilis saxesvaoba. 

es aravin – aris mTeli Tanamedrouli xelovnebis `saxe~, 

– radgan axali moraluri kodeqsis Camoyalibeba swored am 

tyupiscalebma, fr. nicSem da T. dostoevskim iTaves. maT 

moses kanonebisa da axali aRTqmis teqstis Secvla ganizraxes. 

amiT imis Tqma minda, rom Tavad tkivilis formaa maTi 

personaJi. mas ar gaaCnia saxe. Tanamedrove teqstebSi ki franc 

kafkas43 `metamorfozaSi~.gregor zamzas Tavisi tanjvis `saxeSi~ 

vxedavT da es tanjva aRiqmeba rogorc misi metafizikuri 

aRwera. 

codvis, umniSvnelo codvis usazomod gazrda iwvevs imas, 

rom raimed yofna ukve danaSaulad miiCneva miiCneva. a. kamius mier 

dawerili àRsareba~ `dacemad~ iwodeba. radgan a. kamiu Tavisi 

winamorbedebis fr. nicSes, T. dostoevskis da franc 

kafkas mier Semoxazul da amoyiravebul samyaros gvTavazobs. 

es is samyaroa, sadac uSualod veRar saubroben iudas 

mier qristes gayidvaze, aramed aq saubroben mxolooden 

qristes suraTze. anu mas `mogonebis~ saxe gaaCnia da Tanac 

es teqsti orazrovnebiTa da cinizmiT iwereba Tanamedrove 

ioane naTlismcemlis mier a. kamius am teqstSi, kerZod 

`dacema~-Si. qristes gamyidveli brbos kacia, da Tan isic 

qristea da amitomac viTomcda qristesdarad ucodvelobis 

grZnoba dahyveba mas. avtori daufaravi zizRiT wers am amoyiravebuli 

samyaros ganmgebelze: 

– `... verafers SeasmenT am gorilas, aqaurobis beds rom 

ganagebs. mxolod did-did cxovelebs ZaluZT irjebodnen ase, 

– TavianT nebaze. warmoidgineT pirvelyofili adamiani babilonis 

godolze~. a. kamiu `dacema~ 8 gv. 

usaxo brbos warmomadgenels, romelmac qriste gayida 

isev mieca SesaZlebloba, an aerCia, an ar aerCia qristes gza 

– oRond, ukve mxolod rogorc suraTi-mogonebis saxiT. 

ai, ras wers kamiu: 

– `marTlac suraTi ekida da Zalianac saintereso. namdvili 

Sedevri iyo. me momswre var, rogor SeiZina mag kacma 

es suraTi da mere rogor daTmo~. a. kamiu `dacema~. 

da Semdeg ukve grZeldeba am amoyiravebuli samyaros 

aRwera: 

– `... parizi namdvili Tvalsatyuaraa, SesaniSnavi dekoracia, 

sadac oTxi milioni aCrdili cxovrobs. ukanaskneli 

aRweris Tanaxmad TiTqmis xuTi milioni... (Semdeg avtori 

– aCrdilTa saqmianobas aRwers – J.s.)... me mudam im azris 

viyavi, rom Cven Tanamoqalaqeebs ori zne sWirT: 

azrovneben da mruSoben~ mruSoben a. kamiu `dacema~ gv. 53. 

aCrdilTa zne – gvimJRavnebs amoyiravebuli samyaros 

saSinelebas – swored aCrdilis definiciaa: Cven daaxloebiT 

warmovadgenT rames imis sapirispirod, rac RvTaebrivis msgavsebaa. 

a. kamius `dacemaSi~ ki aRiwereba adamianis orazrovani 

gaxidva yvelafersa da arafers Soris Soris. erTis SexedviT yvela 

sagnisadmi usazomo daSoreba ikveTeba, romelSic ara amaRlebuli 

da ganuzomeli SiSi gamosWvivis, aramed mxolooden 

cxovelis mdabali da mxdali SiSi, rom SeiZleba raimes 

hgavdes hgavdes. 

paskali werda: 311 àdamianis sidiade isaa, rom Tavis 

ubadrukobas grZnobs. xe ver grZnobs Tavis ubadrukobas. 

192 193

maSasadame, mxolod ubadruki grZnobs sakuTar ubadrukobas, 

magram misi sidiadec esaa swored~. 

blez paskali àzrebi~ 276 gv. Targmna b. bregvaZe 

Tu paskalis adamians ubadrukobis grZnoba – RvTaebriv 

sidiademde aRamaRlebs da ganwmends, a. kamius `dacema~-Si 

paskalis RvTaebriobis simaRlemde atanili -ubadrukobis 

gancdisgan ukuqceuli kacis orazrovneba ixazeba, romelic 

Tavisi dakninebiT RmerTs emaleba da cxadia, arc aranairi 

imedi ar gamosWvivis, rom misken gaeSureba. radgan Tavisi 

ubadrukobis aRmoCenisas is Zrwis, da ugonod TamaSobs. is 

orazrovnebs, viT brbo, romelic didi sinamdvilidan ukuqceuli 

orazrovnebis safarvels afarebs Tavs, raTa arasodes 

iqces vinmed vinmed. 


`Tanamedrove gmiri kaci ufro pilates moagavs hosa da 

aras Soris rom aris gaxiduli~ 

J. siraZe, `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~ 

ubiri kacisTvis pilates arc aranairi danaSauli ar 

miuZRvis iesos mimarT, is marTali kacia, maSasadame WeSmaritebis 

gzaze mdgomi. 

moviyvan amonarids maTes saxarebidan: 

– `22 uTxra maT pilatem: ìesos raRa vuyo, qristed 

wodebuls?~ yvelam Tqva: `jvarcmuli iqnes!~ 

24. pilatem raki dainaxa, rom verafers Svelis, aramed 

SfoTic ki iwyeba, aiRo wyali xelebi daibana xalxis winaSe 

da Tqva: ùbralo var am marTlis sisxlisagan. Tqven 

iciT~. 

maTes saxarebis 27 Tavebis 15-18 ase ganmartavs Teofilaqte 

bulgareli: 

`pilate cdilobda gaeTavisuflebina qriste, Tumca arc 

ise didis mondomebiT, rogorc saWiro iyo; rameTu is mtkiced 

unda mdgariyo WeSmaritebaze. man jer hkiTxa ufals: 

àra gesmis, raodensa es Segwameben Sen?~ imitom hkiTxa, rom 

Tu qriste Tavs imarTlebda, sababi hqonoda mis gasanTavisufleblad. 

roca ufalma ar isurva Tavis marTleba, raki 

kargad icoda, rom mainc ar gauSvebdnen, Tundac Tavi emar- 

Tlebina, maSin pilatem sxva gzas mimarTa, Cveuleba gaixsena, 

TiTqos ambobda: Tu Tqven ar gauSvebT iesos, rogorc gansjili, 

gaaxareT igi dResaswaulis gamo. 

ras warmoidgenda pilate, rom isini moisurvebdnen udanaSaulo 

iesos jvarcmasa da damnaSave yaCaRis gaTavisuflebas? 

maSasadame, raki man icoda, rom qriste udanaSaulo aris, 

magram mas SuriT epyrobian, swored am mizeziT ekiTxeba maT: 

pilatem amiT gamoavlina, rom Tavad susti kaci iyo, rameTu 

mas Tavic ki unda mieca dasaRupavad keTili saqmisaTvis. 

amitomac imsaxurebs igi gankicxvas, rogorc WeSmaritebis 

damfaravi. 

`baraba~ niSnavs `Svili mamisa~, radgan bar – vaJs da abba 

– mamas niSnavs. maSasadame, iudevelT Tavisi mamis, eSmakis 

vaJi gamoiTxoves, xolo ieso jvars acves. isini dRemdis 

mikedlebuli arian antiqristeze, – mamis Zeze, xolo qristes 

uaryofen~. 


252 gv. 

a. kamius dacemaSi aRwerilia Tanamedrove adamianis pilateoba 

da amaze mianiSnebs misi sulieri wyoba, is `monanie 

msajulia~, anu, rogorc TviTon ambobs, xelobac orgvari 

aqvs, rogorc buneba, misi samoTxe is xelovnuri samoTxea, 

romelSic Tanamedrove evropaa CaZiruli. ai, ras wers 

a. kamiu amis Sesaxeb: 

– àn ki, samoTxe rogor davarqvaT im uzrunvel, netar 

arsebobas Cemo Zvirfaso? me vnetarebdi: Cems dReSi ar dam- 

Wirvebia cxovreba meswavla. es niWi dedis muclidan damyva~. 

a. kamiu, `dacema~ 25 gv. 

me isev gavimeoreb moxmobili citatis fragments: 

194 195

– `Cems dReSi ar damWirvebia cxovreba meswavla. es niWi 

dedis muclidan damyva~. 

anu, aq is aRiarebs, rom is meored, ciT dabadebas ar 

eziara, radgan mas es arc sWirdeba. 

Tu adre adamiani Tavisi sulis sakurneblad àRsarebas 

werda, amoyiravebul samyaroSi aRsarebas dacema Seenacvla. 

mTxrobeli, ioane naTlismcemelia ai, rogor aRiwereba igi: 

– ` gaquculi palto macvia... aqlemi, romlis bewvisganac 

es paltoa Sekerili uTuod qeciani iyo~. a. kamiu `dacema~, 

gv. 12. 

da ai, am amoyiravebul samyaroSi, sadac RmerTi gayidulia, 

uaryofili da Seginebuli ai, ras wers amis Sesaxeb 

mTxrobeli: 

– `... marTlac suraTi ekida da Zalianac saintereso. 

namdvili Sedevri iyo. me momswre var, rogor SeiZina mag 

kacma es suraTi da mere rogor daTmo. orivejer saocrad 

frTxilobda...~. a. kamiu `dacema~, gv. 9. 

exla gavixsenoT ras wersa. kamiu Tanamedrove `gmiris~ 

Sesaxeb: 

– `warmoidgineT pirvelyofili adamiani babilonis godolze. 

ucxooba mainc gastanjava. es meduqne ki sulac ar 

grZnobs ucxoobas. midis Tavisi gziTa da nirs veraferi 

Seacvlevinebs. xmas iSviaTad amoiRebs da erTaderTi winadadeba, 

romelic misgan gavigone iyo: an unda gaitano, an 

waago. ra unda gaetana? ra unda waego? albaT Tavisi Tavi. 

(xazg. J.s.)~. a. kamiu `dacema~, 8 gv. 

Tu ioane naTlismcemeli, romelmac gza unda ganumzados 

qristes Tavad iqca ucnaur, gaorebul kacad – monaniemsaju- lad. 

es mogvaniSnebs, rom Cven am amoyiravebul samyaroSi movxvdiT 

sadac cxadia, RirebulebaTa gadafaseba moxda. ai, ras 

wers i. brodskis44 samyaroze ina kuliSova: 

– `samoTxe da jojoxeTi brodskis mixedviT agreTve 

sulis ori Cixia, rameTu samoTxe usasoebis adgilia, radgan 

igi erT-erT planetaTagania, sadac perspeqtiva ar aris~. aris 

Cveulebriv es azri Tavzardamcemia rogorc morwmunesTvis 

ise klasikosisTvis. es, ara Tu uazrobaa, ufro metic, iseTi 

azria romlis mofiqrebac ki udidesi codvaa. Tumca Tanamedrove 

xelovneba am `diadi codvis~ kvarcxlbekze moTavsebuli 

qmnis Tavis `qmnilebebs~. ai, ras wers i. brodski: 

– `samoTxis samoTxis idea warmoadgens adamianis azris logikur 

bolos, radgan es azri ufro Sors ver midis, midis radgan samosamo- Txis iqiT aRaraferi xdeba. amitom SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 

samoTxe – Cixia. es sivrcis ukanaskneli xedvaa, sagnis boloa, 

mTis mwvervali, pikia, romlidanac nabijs versad gadadgam, 

mxolod qronosSi. swored amasTan dakavSirebiT Semodis 

maradiuli sicocxlis cneba~. 

da isev gavagrZeleb i. brodskis citirebas: 

– `sivrce Seqcevadi da statiuria, dro – Seuqcevadi da 

dinamiuri, maradiuli sicocxlis idea – es maradiuli dinamikis 

perspeqtivis ideaa, romlis ukan dabruneba ubralod 

SeuZlebelia, Tanac azrs moklebuli~. 

ana kuliSovi 183 gv. 

ratom moviyvane, TiTqosda ase uadgilod i. brodskis 

naazrevi? mxolod imis dasadastureblad, rom dRes genialurad 

moazrovnenic ki pilates mantiiT Semosilni saubroben 

maradiulobaze. 

amis dasturia haidegeris sityvebi: 

`msoflio dro, romelsac ar gaaCnia Ziri, ufskrulzea 

Camokidebuli~. 

Tanamedrove samyaroSi dros ar gaaCnia Ziri, radgan adamianma 

Tanamedrove adamianma Jamieroba uaryo, is Jamieroba, 

romelTanac misaaxleblad adamianSi wamyvani RvTaebrivi gznebaa 

da romelSic harmoniulad aris ganfenili yvela sagnebi. 

adamiani ki viT RvTaebrivi gzis Tanaziari dros gamosxletilia, 

roca amis sapirispirod Tanamedrove adamiani viT 

196 197

msxverpli drois am sastiki jalaTis mona gaxda. man pilates 

mantia moirgo, da ase Tavis zedapirulobiTa da simCatiT, 

saqmisadmi naxevruli midevnebiT, rac Tanamdevia ubiri kacisTvis, 

romelmac Tavi yofierebis saTrevelad aqcia. 

ase iqca misTvis ideali – sikvdilis ConCxiani saxe saxe. 

36. gv. 22. bertran raseli (1872_1970) _ ingliseli 

filosofosi, logikosi, maTematikosi, sazogado moRvawe. nobelis 

premiis laureati literaturis dargSi. 1950 wels. 

37. federiko felini (1920-1998) _ XX saukunis genialuri 

italieli kinoreJisori da scenaristi udidesi zegavlena 

moaxdina evropul kulturaze. 


ìqneb sibrZne kanfetis SesafuTi qaRaldis kideze wewe- ria?~ 

f. f. felini felini 

samyaros amoyiravebul modelSi, romelic aRwerilia Cems 

piesaSi `xelovanis gza~, da romelzedac aseve mimdinareobs 

saubari SesavalSi, – usazomod `gazrdilia~ umniSvnelo 

sagani, – radgan aq yvelafers materialuri samyaro gankargavs. 

piesis enaze rom vTargmnoT; 

qvebi purad iqca 

risi interpretaciac mogvca genialurma Semoqmedma fedore 

mixeilis Ze dostoevskim Tavis grandiozul, genialur 

romanSi `Zmebi karamazovebi~. 

n. berdiaevis sityvebiT: `Tanamedrove xelovnebaSi suli 

TiTqosda mcirdeba, xolo xorci dematerializdeba~. 

n. berdiaevi, `xelovnebis krizisi~, 190 gv. 

sulieri sawyisi uaryofil iqna da mTlianad yvelaferi 

materialur samyaros daemorCila: warmmarTveli nebismieri 

vneba da cToma Seiqmna, romelic giganturad zrdis survilis 

sagans. es yvelaze ukeT mosCans msoflio sarkis meSveobiT, 

rasac televizias vuwodebT. aq pirdapir moCans, rom adamianis 

arsi gaigivebul iqna usazomod gazrdil survilebTan 

da cTomasTan, xolo Tavisufleba ki Sefasebul iqna, rogorc 

survilis myisieri, dauTmeneli aRsruleba. 

kanfetis SesafuTi faratina qaRaldi, sworedac yvelaze 

mosaxerxebeli da upriani adgilsamyofelia Tanamedroveebis 

maqsimebis – survilebis, cTomis, codvilobis ilustrirebisTvis. 

amoyiravebuli samyaros `sibrZne~ swored kanfetis am 

pawia faratina qaRaldis kideze eteva. 

198 199

piesis komentarebi: 

39. iohan volhan goeTe (1749_1832) – udidesi germaneli 

poeti, prozaikosi, dramaturgi, mravamxriv gansawluli 

adamiani, politikuri moRvawe, filosofosi, filologi, 

bunebismetyveli, mxatvari da sxva. 

40. ilia WavWavaZe (1837_1907) – didi qarTveli poeti, 

publicisti, politikuri da sazogado moRvawe. 

41. federik Sopeni _ (1810_1849) – didi poloneli 

kompozitori da pianisti. 

42. Tedore mixeilis Ze dostoevski (1821-1881). genialuri 

rusi mwerali, romanisti. 





44. pol valeri _ genialuri frangi poeti, eseisti da 

filosofosi. serjo solmi ase werda valeris Semoqmedebaze: 

`sadac sicocxlisa da Semecnebis dabadeba qveynad, maRali 

metafizikuri ironiiT danaxulia, rogorc laqa rogorc defeqti 

aryofnis sxivosani srulqmnilebisa~. 

45. fsiqe `berZn. ganasaxierebs suls, sunTqvas. mas 

warmosaxav dnen peplis, an peplis frTebiani gogonas saxiT. 

sulis es gamosaxuleba Zv.w. V-IV saukuneebidan Cndeba ber- 

Znul xelovnebaSi. ufro adre ki suli, romelic adamians 

tovebda, Citad an bolad warmoedginaT berZnebs. mweralma 

apuleusma (ax.w. 124 w.) Tavis `metamorfozebSi~ gaaerTiana 

sxvadasxva xalxSi arsebuli Tqmulebebi fsiqeze da mSvenieri 

sabedos poeturi saxe Seqmna: odesRac erT samefoSi cxovrobda 

mefis asuli fsiqe. igi iseTi lamazi iyo, rom mis 

mxilvelebs afrodite aviwydebodaT. ganrisxebulma qalRmer- 

Tma Tavisi Svili erosi ixmo da ubrZana, fsiqe qveynad arsebuli 

usazarlesi urCxulisadmi sabediswero siyvarulis 

grZnobiT aRenTo, sixaruliT miiRo oinTa moyvare patara 

RvTaebam es davaleba, magram ixila Tu ara qalwuli, misi 

mSvenebiT moxiblulma sakuTari Tavi Seayvara. erosma fsiqes 

didebuli sasaxle uZRvna. mimwuxrebisas iq xvdebodnen erTmaneTs 

Seyvarebulebi. arasodes unaxavs mefis asuls Tavisi 

metrfe, radgan erosma gaafrTxila, rom misi xilva ubedurebas 

moutanda. fsiqem es ambavi debs gaumxila. isini ki, SuriT 

aRZru lni dascinodnen, Seni satrfo, albaT, Semzaravi ur- 

Cxuliao. fsiqe daeWvda da erTxel, RamiT, cnobiswadiliT 

aRelvebulma aanTo bazma. erosis RvTaebrivi silamaziT gaognebuls 

xeli aukankalda da mZinare RmerTs daawveTa cxeli 

zeTi. erosi gamofxizlda da wamisumal gaqra. gaqra didebuli 

sasaxlec da mefis asuli udabur kldeze aRmoCnda. mas 

mravali mwuxarebiTa da salmobiT sjida afrodite. magram 

erosi, romelsac isev uyvarda igi, amSvidebda da ifaravda. 

Seecoda mexTamtyorcnel zevss Seyvarebulebi da fsiqe aRazeva 

olimposze olimposze, sadac igi eross SeeuRlda. 

fsiqes es poeturi miTosi aisaxa moqandakeTa (kanova, 

torvaldseni), mxatvarTa (rafaeli, julio romano), dramaturgTa 

(molieri), poetTa (lafonteni, bogdanoviCi) Tu 

kompozitorTa (liuli, franki) SemoqmedebaSi. 

r. gordeziani45 `berZnuli miTebi~. 

Cems dramaSi `xelovnebis gza~ Semotanilia fsiqeas axali 

simbolo – mWknari foToli. mWknari foToli poeziis 

simboloa, amitomac yvela didi Semoqmedis nawarmoebSi xan 

xilulad, xan farulad gakrTeba mWknari foTlis saxeba, 

rogorc gardauvali da kanonzomieri simbolo. galaktionisa 

da verlenis Semoqmedebac ki sakmarisia amis dasadastureblad. 

dramaSi is aseve Semoqmedis meore mzis sxivis gaToSigaToSi- 200 201

lobaa da poetis martoobis Jams mopovebuli samyaros 

igavmiuwvdomeli erTobis gansaxebaa. es mzis sxivi adamianSi 

moqmedi umaRlesi Zalaa, rac amTlianebs nawarmoebs uxilavad 

da sabolood qmnis mas imad, rac is aris. 

drama TTqosda miuyveba erosisa da fsiqeas sasiyvarulo 

Tavgadasavals, magram dramis interpretacia gardasaxavs miTs 

da sul sxva Sinaarss aZlevs maT sasiyvarulo istorias. 

berZnul miTologiaSi miCneulia, rom fsiqeasa da erosis 

siyvaruli ganuyofeli erToba da niSania samyaros dafaruli 

harmoniisa, misi gamosaxeba da simboloa. maSin, roca dramaSi 

maTi siyvaruli es aris fsiqeas, RvTaebrivi da ukvdavi sulis 

daknineba, damcroba da dacemis niSani. radgan erosi Tanamedrove 

xelovnebis samyaroSi ukve gardasaxulia mdabali 

vnebebis msaxurad da misi SeerTeba fsiqeasTan niSnavs sulis 

dacemas. amis niSnad dramis dasasruls fsiqea ukve SeSlilia 

amis mizezi ki erTis mxriv, deda-afrodites mSvenierebisa 

da saTnoebis qalRmerTis `sikvdilia~ Tanamedrove 

samyarosTvis, meores mxriv ki xelovnebis samyaroSi apolonisa 

da dionises TuTiyuSebad, robotebad qcevaa, aseve satiris 

mefoba – usaxuri da uniWo, slengiT mjRabnelis aRzevebaa, 

emanuelos, didi Semoqmedis gaoreba da saerTod 

xelovnebis krizisi Tanamedrove samyaroSi. 

46. piesis komentari: 

_ òqros xanaSi drois RvTaebrivi wre, 

xelovans im oqros kveTSi amwyvdevda~, J. siraZe, `xelovanis 

gza~ gv. 30. 

r. Staineri46 ase wers: 

misteriis yvela moralur kodeqsSi ewera aseTi udidesi 

mniSvnelobis sityvebi: 

_ ìpove Suaguli, centri, ise rom Seni qmedebis Sedegad 

ar dahkargo sakuTari Tavi samyaroSi da Tavis mxriv 

samyaromac ar dagkargos Sen~... 

...adamianis bunebas ori mimarTulebiT ZaluZs moimoqmedos 

boroteba da rom Tavisufali nebis ganviTareba mxolod 

imitom xelewifeba, rom borotebas igi ori mimarTulebiT 

anviTarebs. 

... cxovreba mxolod maSin miedineba sworad da keTilad, 

rodesac adamianis cdomilebis es orive mimarTuleba ganixileba, 

rogorc sasworis ori pina, romelTagan xan erTi 

sZlevs, xan ki meore. WeSmariti wonasworoba mxolod maSinaa 

SesaZlebeli, rodesac pinebi erT swor horizontalur 

xazzea. 

... erTi mxare, saiTac adamianis buneba SeiZleba gadaixaros, 

aris ugunuri, angariSmiucemeli siTamame _ adamianis gankargulebaSi 

myofi Zalebis uazro ltolva ukiduresobisaken da 

am Zalebis uCveulo gadaZabva... igi angariSmiucemeli, ugunuri 

siTamamisken gadaixreba, dahkargavs Tavis me-s da cxovrebis 

dolabi marcvaliviT dafqvavs, da piriqiT, simxdalisaken 

gadaxra gaaxevebs mas da saganTa da arsebaTa kavSiridan 

moswyvets. igi gadaiqceva sakuTar TavSi Caketil arsebad, 

romelic amovardnilia sayovelTao kavSiridan da amdenad 

Tavisi saqmiTa da saqcieliT erTian mTelTan Tanxmiereba 

aRar ZaluZs~. r. Staineri `vardisa da jvris saidumloeba~, 

gv. 60. mTargm. g. niSnianiZe. 

am oqros kveTs sxvagvarad aRwers blez paskali Tavis 

azrebSi: 

_ `55 bunebam ise zustad mogvaTavsa SuaSi, rom Tu sasworis 

erT mxares vicvlebiT, uTuod meore mxaresac vicvlebiT. 

Je feson zia trekei es me mafiqrebinebs, rom aris Cvens TavSi 

idumali zambarebi, imnairad ganlagebulni, rom is vinc erTs 

exeba, imavdroulad, mis sapirispirosac exeba~. 

b. paskali, àzrebi~, 91 gv. Targm. b. bregvaZe. 

paskali gvTavazobs im Suagulis intuitiur wvdomas, romlis 

meoxebiTac adamiani Sinagan, zneobriv amaRlebas eziareba. 

es masSi dasabamidanvea mocemuli. 

202 203


`da ase, mzisa da sikvdilis, Tavzardamcemi da aRmtaci 

idumalebis, diadi erTis winaSe warsdgeboda~. 

J. siraZe, `xelovanis gza~. gv. 31. 

ganurCevlad yvela Semoqmedi unda warsdges hadesis, 

wyvdiadiT mosili Ramis winaSe. am Savi ufskrulis gadalaxviT 

ixilavs is im sinaTles, sikvdilis diadi saxe, rom 

gaumJRavnebs. radgan sikvdili is zRvaria, sadac mTliandeba 

da jamdeba adamianis cxovreba. is rasac, Cven yoveldRe vakeTebT, 

– es iqneba: fiqri, azrovneba, sicili, tirili Tu 

tanjva. yvelaferi es enigmurad, gonebisTvis mouxelTebel 

erT rigad dalagdeba maSin, roca sikvdilis Tavzardamcemi 

saxe – diad wams Camohkravs. 

magram, xom arseboben, iseTi adamianebic, romlebic yoveldRe 

epatiJebian sikvdils da ase cdiloben sulis gamTlianebas. 

aseT adamianTa rigSi moiazrebian upirvelesad xelovanni, 

filosofosni, poetni, – an ubralod, maT Semoqmedi 

adamianebi SeiZleba vuwodoT. SeiZleba is glexia, SeiZleba 

is monazonia... is Semoqmedia sakuTari sulisa – rac niSnavs, 

rom is meored daibada ciT da Tavisi misiis aRsrulebis 

gzaze nabiji gadadga. amitomac, aseTi mkacria mark avreliusi, 

roca wers: 

– `17 ise nuki cxovrob, TiTqos aTi aTasi wlis sisi- 

cocxle gedos kidev win. ukve axloa aRsasruli~. 

mark avreliusi. `fiqrebi~ 110 gv. mTargm. baCana 

bregvaZe 

gardauvali kanonzomierebis gamo sikvdilis winaSe warsdgomas 

gamonaklisis gareSe yvela Semoqmedi gamosaxavs. 

zogis azriT, terenti granelis SeSliloba, fsiqiatriul 

saavadmyofoSi moTavseba, mxolod imis niSani iyo, rom 

is miwier samyaros Camoscilda. 

amitomac, aRar gvaocebs es teqsti: 

– `yovel Rames moaqvs fiqri sikvdilze da siSoreze, 

da meSinia...~ 

platoni Tvlida, rom filosofosi Tavis srulyofil 

saxes mxolod hadesSi gaRweviT, anu miRmur samyaroSi Ses- 

Zlebs: 

ai, ras wers platoni `fedonSi~: 

– `...Tu marTlac WeSmariti filosofosia, is sixaruliT 

miaSurebs hadess, radgan Rrmad iqneba darwmunebuli, rom 

mxolod iq hpovebs sibrZnes misi wmida saxiT da ara sxvagan~. 

platoni `fedoni~ gv. 23. Targm. baCana bregvaZem. 

an, sxvagan ai ras wers igi: 

– àmrigad, Tu gvsurs wminda saxiT SevicnoT rame, Tavi 

unda davaRwioT sxeuls da mxolod gonebis TvaliT vumziroT 

sagnebs. iqneb maSin mainc veziaroT mas, rasac vetrfiT da 

rasac veswrafviT, saxeldobr, sibrZnes. maSin-meTqi, roca 

vambob, me vgulisxmob – sikvdilis Semdeg, rogorc sityva 

gvaniSnebs Cven; radgan sicocxleSi es gamoricxulia, da raki 

sicocxleSi wminda saxiT verras SevicnobT oridan erTi 

unda vaRiaroT uTuod: an, saerTod, verasodes SeviZenT codnas, 

anda mxolod sikvdilis Semdeg, roca suli sabolood 

eyreba sxeuls...~. platoni, `fedoni~. gv. 20. Targm. baCana 

bregvaZem. 

is sibrZne, razedac platoni saubrobs, miiRweva RvTaebrivi 

arsebis pirispir Wvretisas, wminda ideaTa saufloSi 

gaRwevis meSveobiT, sadac moismineba samyaro. platoni xmarobs 

gonebis TvaliT, – rasac intuicias, sulis suls, xanac 

ki RvTaebriv gons uwodeben. am mdgomareobaSi, suli sxeuls 

gayrili eziareba sikvdil-sicocxlis qorwinebis diad saidumloebas. 

Tu ramdenad samZimoa Tavad sicocxleSive hadesis winaSe 

warsdgineba, amaze gamonaklisis gareSe iwereba yvela gamoCenil 

SemoqmedTan, oRond es xSirad pirdapir ar iTqmis da teqstSi 

`Securebul~, gamouqveynebel furclebzea dawerili. 

didi moazrovne paskali ase mianiSnebs, Tu ra didi Zalisxmeva 

sWirdeba adamians: 

204 205

138. – `garToba – sikvdili ufro advilia, roca 

sikvdilze ar fiqrob, vidre sikvdilze fiqri, roca sikvdili 

ar gemuqreba~. b. paskali àzrebi~, 229 gv. Targm. baCana 

bregvaZem. 

ras niSnavs hadesis sauflos gadalaxva, – da Tu rogoria 

misi qorwineba heliosTan – sicocxlis aRmtac dinebas- 

Tan, – Staineris sityvebiT ase gamoiTqmis: 

– `yoveli adamianisaTvis, visac surs umaRles Semecnebamde 

amaRldes, es SesaZlebloba odesme sinamdviled iqceva. 

adamiani im zRvars aRwevs, rodesac suli mas sicocxlis 

yvela gamovlinebas ganucxadebs viTarca sikvdils. imieridan 

igi ama soflad aRar imyofeba. igi ama soflis damarTqvesknelSi 

iZireba; aidSi – qvesknelSi mogzaurobisas ar 

daiRupeba, Tuki mas axali samyaro ganecxadeba. igi an am axal 

samyaroSi dainTqmeba, anda sakuTar Tavs gardasaxuli da 

fernacvali warmoudgeba. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi mas axali 

mze, axali dedamiwa moevlineba, sulieri cecxlidan misTvis 

mTeli sam yaro aRorZindeba~. 

r. Staineri `qristianoba, rogorc mistiuri faqti da 

uZvelesi misteriebi~, 21 gv. 

moris meterlinki ki Tavis idumal wignSi `ganZi TvinierTa~ 

ase wers: 

– `Cveni sikvdilia Cvens sicocxles, rom warmarTavs da 

Cvens cxovrebasac sxva araferi aqvs miznad, Cveni sikvdilis 

garda, sikvdili is yalibia, romelSic Caedineba Cveni cxovreba 

da swored misiT yalibdeba misi saxe~. 

m. meterlinki `ganZi TvinierTa~ 32 gv. mTargmn. d. akriani 

xolo novalisi 47 am mistiur Sres aRwers, rogorc RvTis 

saCuqars: 

_ 14 `sicocxle sikvdilis dasawyisia. sicocxle sikvdilis 

gulisTvis arsebobs. sikvdili erTdroulad dasasruli 

da dasawyisia, ganSoreba da ufro axlo kavSiri. sikvdiliT 

gasruldeba reduqcia~. 

novalisi `yvavilTa mtveri~ 

Cems piesaSi `xelovanis gza~ sikvdili da sicocxle, 

Tanatosi da heliosi gamoyvanilia rogorc daucilebeli 

megobrebi, urTierTmoyvarulni da erTmaneTis sulisCamdgmelni. 

da yvela didi Semoqmedi Zrwis sikvdilis diadi 

saxebis winaSe; am rTuli gzis gadalaxviT is RvTaebrivis 

saufloSi CaaRwevs, sadac is xelTampyrobeli xdeba yvela 

arsebul saganTa. TiTqosda mas heraklesaviT upyria dedamiwa 

da ase grZnobs is erTdroulad mzis mxurvalebasa da 

didebulebas, mTebis sicives, dedamiwis ùsasrulo~ simcires 

kosmosis igavmiuwvdomeli usasrulobasTan mimarTebaSi. adamianis 

ubadrukobas, adamianis tragedias, rom is daibada da 

im bednierebasac, rasac adamianad yofna hqvia. magram, cxadia 

es gancda odnavac ver Seedreba im gancdas, rasac Cveulebrivi 

adamiani ganicdis yoveldRiurobidan gausvlelad. am dros 

Semoqmedi ganicdis im did simZimes, rasac samyaros yovladobaSi 

Cavardna hqvia da rasac mohyveba is aRmafrenac, rac 

niSneulia yvela SemoqmedisaTvis, da rac SeuZlebelia adamianur 

enaze vTargmnoT. 

Semoqmedi ki, romelzedac Cven vsaubrobT, Tumc gadis 

sikvdilis gzas da cxadia sicocxlis yvela gamovlenas 

moixilavs Tavisi sulismieri Tvalis winaSe. magram Semdgom 

is xelovnebaSi dauwereli da gardauvali kanonzomierebis 

gamo mopovebul sulier, mWvirvale samoselSi gaxvevs ambavs 

– siuJets, romelSic gamosWvivis Tavisi epoqis xma, – misi 

eniT, misi azrovnebiT, misi saTqmeliT – amitomac, is im mdgomareobas 

ufro da ufro Sordeba, razedac platoni saubrobs 

`fedonSi~ da rasac is wminda saxiT sibrZnis mopovebas 

uwodebs. 

48. Tanatosi 

48. Tanatosi – berZn. sikvdilis gansaxiereba. 

`Tanatosi Zilis RvTaebis, hipnosis tyupiscali iyo. igi 

206 207

niqsma (Ramem) Sva. mokvdavTaTvis da ukvdavTaTvis erTnairad 

saZulveli es pirquSi RvTaeba erTaderTi iyo, ZRvens rom 

ar iRebda. misi kulti dadasturebulia spartaSi. 

miTebSi Tanatosi komikur personaJad aris warmodgenili: 

mas asulelebs sazriani gmiri sisifosi; herakle orTabrZolaSi 

amarcxebs da Tavisuflebis wil alketisis sicocxles 

sTxovs. 

tragikosebs Tanatosi muqi mosasxamiT, frTebiTa da 

xelSi maxviliT gamohyavdaT scenaze. aseve warmosaxavdnen 

Tanatoss xelovnebaSi. xandaxan maxvilis nacvlad mas xelSi 

mimqrali CiraRdani eWira~. 

r. gordeziani `berZnuli miTebi~. 

dramaSi `xelovnebis gza~ Tanatosi – sikvdili gamosaxulia, 

rogorc adamianis sicocxlis uerTgulesi Tanamgzavri. 

misi arseboba adamians Sanss aZlevs sicocxlis sazrisi 

moipovos. mxolod mis winaSe dgomas ZaluZs adamians xorcieli 

Tvali daubrmavos da sulieri Tvali auxilos, amitomac 

is dramaSi moiazreba, rogorc sicocxlis diadi 

sunTqvis monawile da adamianis keTilmosurne mgzavri. 

is aris Semoqmedis mudmivi Tanamgzavri. is, vinc mas megzurobas 

uwevs, miRmuri samyaros karebs uxsnis da gahyavs 

xelovani im samyaroSi, sadac is SesZlebs Seqmnas nawarmoebi. 

amis gamo dramaSi mas bebiaqali ewodeba. 

49. heliosi – berZn. mzis RmerTi; titanebis, hiperionisa 

da Teas vaJi; selenesa da eosis Zma; romaul miTologiaSi 

misi Tanagvaria soli, romelsac xSirad apolonTan 

aigivebdnen. 

heliosi uZvelesi RvTaebaa. misi kulti olimpiuri pan- 

Teonis Camoyalibebamde arsebobda. berZenTa rwmeniT, igi sa- 

myaros macocxlebel Zalas flobda da TvalTa naTels 

arTmevda borotmoqmedebs. imyofeboda ra zecis TaRze, he- 

liosi Tval-yurs adevnebda RmerTebisa da adamianebis saq- 

meebs. swored amitom Searqves mas `yovlismxilveli~. (xa- ( 

zgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe) 

heliosi cxovrobda didebul sasaxleSi, wlis droTa 

qalRmerTebiT garemoculi. miTosur kunZulze, romelsac 

Trinakia ewodeboda, balaxobdnen misi TeTrad manaTobeli 

xarebi (odisevsis Tanamgzavrebma rom dakles). 

dRisiT cecxlovan etlze amxedrebuli heliosi Tavs 

evleboda dedamiwas, mimwuxrisas ki okeanosis wminda wyleb- 

Si CaeSveboda da oqros naviT micuravda Tavisi amoxdomis 

adgilamde. 

mze-RmerTs mravali Svili hyavda. okeanosis asulma perseisma 

mas uSva aieti-kolxTa samefos skiptris mpyrobeli. 

jadoqari kirke da pasifae, kretis legendaruli mefis, 

minosis meuRle; nimfa klimenesgan helioss hyavda vaJi- fae- 

Toni da oTxi asuli; nimfa rodam ki mas Svidi Ze gauCina. 

helioss xSirad aigivebdnen mamamisTan, hiperionTan da 

amis gamo mis vaJiSvilebs hiperionidebsac uwodebdnen. Zv.w. 

V saukunidan ki heliosisa da apolonis kultebis Tanagvarobac 

SeiniSneba. 

Semoqmedni helioss mziT gabrwyinebul etlze aRzeveaRzeve- buls warmosaxavdnen. (xazgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe)~ r.gordeziani `berZnuli miTebi~. 

dramaSi heliosi, ganasaxierebs Semoqmedis, sazogadod 

sulier gzaze mavalTa igavmiuwvdomel, meore sulismier 

mzes, romelic aris bebiaqali TanatosTan erTad. anu, mze 

da sikvdilia, is ori bebia-qali xelovans, rom miuZRvebian 

im RvTaebriv gzaze, didi Semoqmedeba rom ewodeba. dramaSi 

is `bnel oTaxSi~ gamoketes, anu simbolurad is yofierebis 

tusaRad aqcies anu yoveldRiurobis xmaursa da fuWsityvao- 

bas midevnebuli, iaffasiani xelovani mas ver `dainaxavda~. 

50. afrodite – berZn. olimpiuri religiis erT-erTi 

umTavresi RvTaeba, siyvarulisa da mSvenierebis qalRmerTi. 

208 209

omaul miTologiaSi mas aigiveben venusTan venusTan. 

afrodites dabadebis ori versia arsebobs. homerosis 

gadmocemis Tanaxmad, igi zevsisa da okeanid diones asulia. 

sxva, ufro gavrcelebuli versiiT, misi warmoSoba ukavSirdeba 

uranoss uranoss: rodesac kronosma basri adamantiT uranoss 

mohkveTa gasamravlebeli aso, igi zRvaSi moisrola. am asos 

garSemo zvirTi aqafda, xolo qafidan amoimarTa ulamazesi 

SiSveli qaliSvili, romelmac niJaraze mjdomma miaRwia kun- 

Zul kviprosamde. aq sixaruliT Seegebdnen mas droTa RvTa eba 

horebi da didebuli oqsinoTi Semoses da aRamaRles olimposis 

maRal RmerTebTan. 

misi mSvenebiT moxiblul RmerTebs aRfrTovanebuli 

SeZaxilebi aRmoxdaT. mas Semdeg marad axalgazrda, RvTaebaTagan 

silamaziT gamorCeuli afrodite olimposis binadaria. 

afrodites Tan mihyvebian weliwadis droTa cvlis 

meufe horebi horebi, momxiblavi qaritebi qaritebi. darwmunebis RvTaeba 

peiTo peiTo, celqi biWuna erosi erosi, qorwinebis mfarveli himeneosi 

da sxva maradiuli Zalebi. 

afrodites wels umSvenebs jadosnuri sartyeli, 

romelSic Caqsovilia siyvaruli, vneba, trfobis CurCuli, 

grZnobis gamxela, macduri sityva da yvela xibli. 

zevsma umSvenieresi afrodite miaTxova cecxlisa da 

mWedlobis RmerTs, koWl hefestoss. klasikuri periodis 

filosofosebi erTmaneTisgan ganasxvavebdnen afrodite pandemossa 

(uxeSi, vnebiani siyvarulis RvTaeba) da afrodite 

uranias (amaRlebuli siyvarulis RvTaeba). Sesabamisad, mas 

mravali miTi daukavSirda, sadac aisaxa siyvarulis qalRmer- 

Tis es ormxrivi xasiaTi. 

afroditesa da aresis sasiyvarulo kavSiris Sedegad 

daibadnen: harmonia, erosi erosi, anterosi, fobosi da deimosi. 

afrodites hermesisganac hyavda vaJi saxelad hermafroditosi. 

afrodites Seuyvarda mokvdavi anqizesi anqizesi, romlisganac 

SeeZina vaJi eneasi eneasi, romaelTa legendaruli winapari. misi 

sayvareli iyo finikieli Wabuki adonisic. igi mkacrad sjis 

maT, vinc siyvarulis Zalas uaryofs. ase dasaja man sikvdiliT 

hipolitosi, narkisosi (anu narcisi) narcisi). 

totemizmis kultis niSnebi afrodites kultSi gamovlinda 

imiT, rom mas, rogorc zRvis RvTaebas, eZRvneboda 

delfini: xolo rogorc nayofierebis RvTaebas – mtredi, 

beRura, kurdReli. siyvarulisa da nayofierebis mfarveli 

qalRmerTis mcenareebad asaxeleben: vards, yayaCos, vaSlsa 

da mirtas. 

r. gordeziani, `berZnuli miTebi~. 

drama erTi SexedviT, afrodites SemTxvevaSi berZnul 

miTs miuyveba. orive afrodite pirdapir scenazea naCvenebi, 

pirveli ganasaxierebs klasikis qmnilebaSi Cadebul mSvenierebis 

simbolos da rogorc araerTgzis aRvniSne _ yvela 

didi Semoqmedis, maT Soris TanamedroveTa srulyofili 

qmnilebis amaRlebuli saxea, romelSic RvTis sunTqva da 

gzneba ixazeba da sulieri, meore mzis sxivis naTeba xeluxleblad 

gamosWvivis. meore ki, dakninebuli, dacemuli da 

usaxuri saxea is, Tanamedrove iaffasian da modernistul 

xelovnebas gamosaxavs da sulac ar Takilobs intrigac ki 

gaxlarTos. jer erTi emanuelos didi Semoqmedis, amaRlebuli, 

ukvdavi sulis dacemas daisaxavs miznad. aseve fsiqeas 

ukvdav suls da mzis sxivis xeluxleblobis darRvevas 

ganizraxavs, raTa Seqmnas iaffasiani, slengiT dawerili teqstebi. 

afrodites dramaSi mxolod erTaderTi Svili hyavs – 

erosi, romelic masTan erTad qmnis qmnilebis Sinagan qsovils 

da xelovnebis nawarmoebis qmnadobis Tanamonawilea. 

51. erosi 

51. erosi (eroti). berZn. siyvarulis RvTaeba. romaul 

miTologiaSi misi saxelebia amuri da kupidoni. 

Tavdapirvelad eross RmerTTa Soris ar moixseniebdnen. 

mas miiCnevdnen pirvelyofil, TavadSobil kosmogoniur Zalad, 

romelic samyaros qmnadobisa da mowesrigebis Tanamonawile 

iyo. orfikosebis kosmogoniur TeoriebSi erosi iTvleboda 

210 211

SemoqmedebiT Zalad, romelic win uswrebda RmerTTa da adamianTa 

movlinebas. klasikuri epoqis filosofosebTan erosi 

ganasaxierebda adamianur swrafvas sikeTis Secnobisa da RvTaebrivi 

mSvenierebisadmi. mxolod Zv.S. VI saukunidan Cndeba 

miTosi, romelic eross olimpiur panTeonSi warmoadgens. 

miTografistTa umetesobis Tanaxmad, erosi afrodites Tanamgzavri 

ki ar aris mxolod, aramed misi Zea. rac Seexeba erosis 

mamas, aq ukve azrTa sxvadasxvaoba iCens Tavs. asaxelebdnen 

qaoss, zevss, aress. platoni da poeti Teokritosi gvarwmunebdnen, 

rom eross an ar hyavda mSoblebi, an ucnobia maTi 

saxelebi. mogvianebiT berZnebi ganarCevdnen uZveles, siyvarulis 

kosmogoniuri Zalis ganmasaxierebel eross afrodites 

mier Sobili siyvarulis RvTaebisagan, romelsac warmosaxavdnen 

patara, frTaSesxmul biWunad xelSi mSvildiTa da 

isrebiT. mis mier natyorcni isrebi RmerTebsa da adamianebs 

siyvarulis ZaliT avsebda. zogs es Zala bednierebas ani- 

Webda, zogs ki – tanjavda. 

erosis mSvenier gamosaxulebebs qmnidnen yvela drois 

mxatvrebi da moqandakeebi. mas xatavdnen larnakebze, kedlebze, 

TefSebze, beWdebsa Tu sxva samkaulebze. gansakuTrebuli 

popularobiT sargeblobda Tqmuleba erosisa da fsiqeas 

siyvarulze, romelic pirvelad Cv.w. II saukunis mwerlis, 

apuleusis `metamorfozebSi~ gamoCnda. mogvianebiT am siuJetze 

mravali drama da opera daiwera. r. gordeziani `ber- 

Znuli miTebi~. 

Zalian sainteresoa, rom `warmarTuli erosi gardaiqmna 

qristianul da Teofilead (RvTis siyvarulad) _ umaRles 

sibrZned, romelsac areopageli uwodebs `saRvTo nisls~. 

saRvTso nislis arsebobis codna ukve niSnavs imas, rom 

adamiani eswrafvis daeuflos umaRlesi sibrZnis aTvisebis 

gzebs. 

saRvTo nisli aris miuaxloebeli naTeli, romelSic, 

amboben, mkvidrobs RmerTi~. ( (xazgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe) 

j. SoSiaSvili `bizantiuri epistolografia da fsevdodionise 

areopagelis 48 werilebi~. gv. 62. 

`... siyvarulis didi RvTaebac _ èrosi~ uZveles RmerTTa 

(qaosi, gea, tartarosi) xomlSi Seracxili iyo jer kidev 

hesiodes mier. àxal aRTqmaSi~ da, mis kvaldakval, mTel 

qristologiur literaturaSi sabolood qreba èrosis~ 

(`siyvaruli~) xseneba, da mis adgils meore berZnuli sityva 

àgape~ imkvidrebs, romelic amieridan `sulier siyvaruls~ 

aRniSnavs, maSin rodesac èross~ `xorcieli siyvarulis~ 

mniSvnelobaRa rCeba~. 

b. bregvaZe `dro da maradisoba~, 356 gv. 

dramaSi erosis deda afroditea, mSvenierebisa da saTnoebis 

qalRmerTi, romelic gaordeba da gardaisaxeba Tanamedroveobis 

apokalifsuri Jamis xelovnebis simbolod – usaxurebis, 

Tavqarianobis da dacemulobis simbolod. 

dramaSi Tavad erosis gardasaxva xdeba. misi msaxureba 

mxolod siyvarulisgan daclili seqsis msaxurebaa, radgan 

mas aRar ZaluZs cis kabadonze amaRlebul, zeciur musikas 

ayolili nabijebiT frTosani fexebiT gairbinos da siyvaruli 

daamkvidros. 

ai, ras wers platoni Tavis SedevrSi `nadimi~: 

– èrosi miwieri afroditesi marTlac rom miwieria da 

aRviraxsnili. swored es erosi mefobs miwier kacTa Soris, 

romelnic ganurCevlad etrfian rogorc diacebs, ise yrme bsac, 

xolo visac etrfian, masSi sxeuli ufro xiblavT misi, 

vidre suli. Tavisi siyvarulis sagans isini yvelaze ufro 

Tavqarian arsebaTa Soris arCeven da, Tu vneba daicxres, naklebad 

dagideven kanonieris gziT miaRwies amas Tu ara~. 

platoni `nadimi~, 21 gv. 

52. `dionise 

52. `dionise – (baqkosi). berZn. Rvinis, Trobisa da sulieri 

Svebis momgvreli RvTaeba; mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobis 

mfarveli RmerTi; zevsisa da semeles Ze. romaul miTologiaSi 

mas baxuss uwodeben. 

212 213

dionisem mogvianebiT daimkvidra adgili olimpiur pan- 

TeonSi, Tumca xalxs Zlier uyvarda es mxiaruli RvTaeba. 

saqveynod iyo cnobili misi saocari dabadebis miTosi: zevss 

Seuyvarda Tebes mefis mSvenieri asuli semele da herasgan 

malulad xvdeboda xolme mas. rodesac caTa dedofalma es 

ambavi Seityo. semeles ZiZad, epidavrosel bebiaqalad gardaisaxa. 

semelem ZiZa Sin miiwvia. erTmaneTi rom moikiTxes, 

zevsic axsenes. ZiZad gardasaxulma heram ase daariga semele: 

is Tu zevsia, daafice stiqsis Zalebi, rom Tavisi saxiT 

gamogecxados. rodesac semeles TalamosSi mobrZanda zevsi. 

Seyvarebulma qalma sTxova, daefica stiqsis Zalebi, rom erT 

survils aRusrulebda. zevsma daifica. maSin semelem sTxova 

RmerTs, mieRo Tavisi WeSmariti saxe da ise mialerseboda. 

amoigmina zevsma da rac Sehfica, aRasrula: zecad 

aRzevda, Semoikriba saavdro Rrublebi, elva, mexi, Weqaquxili 

da cecxlis frqveviT gamoecxada sasikvdilod ganwirul 

semeles. mexistexaSi iferfleboda sabralo qali, 

romelic mucliT atarebda umwifar nayofs. Seebrala zevss 

Tavisi Cvili, amoiyvana dedis saSodan da TeZoSi Caisva. 

rodesac dionises qveynad movlenis dro dadga, kvlav daibada. 

swored amitom uwodeben mas òrgzis Sobils~. 

heras brZanebiT axalSobili dionise titanebma moitaces 

da aso-aso akuwes. misma didedam, ream ream, SviliSvilis sxeuli 

aRadgina da sasicocxlo suli STabera. zevsma, persefones 

sTxova, yuradReba ar moeklo dionisesTvis. man ki patara 

aRsazrdelad miabara semeles das, inos. aqac miagno heram. 

axla zevsma RmerTebis macne hermess sTxova misi mfarveloba. 

hermesma dionise droebiT ciknad gardasaxa da helikonis 

nimfebs mihgvara. nimfebma siyvaruliT gamozardes momavali 

RvTaeba. swored aq, helikonis tyis daburul nisas ferdobebze 

eziara dionise Rvinis damzadebis saidumlos, ramac mas 

samudamod gauTqva saxeli. bolosdabolos, heram Seiwynara 

dionise da olimpoze davanebis neba darTo, oRond goneba 

daubinda. dionisem ar isurva cisierebTan yofna, miwaze 

darCa da mraval qalaqs ewvia. mas Tavs vazisa da suros 

foTlebiT mownuli gvirgvini umSvenebda, xelSi jadosnuri 

kverTxi, Tirsosi, ekava, mxrebze Zowisferi qaTibi hqonda 

mosxmuli da Rvinis surneliT abruebda yvelas. dionises Tan 

sdevda moxuci silenosi, menadebis dasi da veluri satirebis 

brbo. mis TanmxlebTa Soris iyo panic panic. igi xSirad ukravda 

stvirze, xolo dionisem Semoiara egvipte, siria, indoeTi, 

bolos frigias ewvia, sadac reakibelem mis gonebas bindi 

Camoacila. man xalxs aswavla vazis movla, Rvinis dawurva. 

daaarsa didi qalaqebi da dauwesa kanonebi. cnobilia ambavi 

Tu rogor daatyveves mekobreebma dionise da man Tu rogor 

gardasaxa isini delfinebad. 

kunZul naqsosze dionisem ixila kretis mefis, minosis minosis, 

mSvenieri asuli ariadne ariadne, romelic Tesevsma miatova. man anuge- 

Sa mefis asuli, hefestos naxelavi gvirgvini uZRvna da 

colad SeirTo. 

bevri qveyana moiara kidev dionisem. bolos cad amaRlda, 

raTa mam-zevisaTvis daemSvenebina mxari. keriis mfarvelma 

qalRmerTma hestiam dauTmo mas saRmrTo sufrasTan Tavisi 

adgili. 

ase rom, olimpos Tormet RmerTs Soris dionise gvian 

damkvidrda, Tumca delfoSi mas apolonis Tanabar pativs 

miagebdnen. dionises mcenareul simboloebad iTvleboda vazis 

mtevani, da suro. cxovelur simboloebad – xari, cxeni da 

Txa. 

saberZneTSi mas mravali dResaswauli mieZRvna, rac ber- 

Znuli dramis aRmocenebis safuZvelic gaxda. dionises saxelTan 

dakavSirebul dResaswaulebs oTx tipad ajgufeben da 

maTSi Tavisi uaRresobiT gamohyofen e.w. did dionisiebs 

(`katagogia~ anu dionises Semosvla zRvidan). es iyo udidesi 

zeimi, romelic aTenSi Zv.w. VI saukunidan dafuZnda, zeimze 

gamodioda gundi (qoro), romelic asrulebda dionises sadidebul 

himnebs. maT `diTirambebs~ uwodebdnen., mogvianebiT 

diTirambosSi Sevida sadialogo partiac. ase warmoiSva 

214 215

pirveli sanaxaoba, romelic mogvianebiT tragediisa da komediis 

saxelwodebas miiRebs, yovelive es ki safuZvels 

daudebs Teatralur xelovnebas. sityva `tragedia~ iTargmneba, 

rogorc `Txis simRera~. misi Semsrulebeli msaxiobebi 

Txis tyaviT iyvnen Semosilni da dionises Tanamgzavrebs – 

satirebs ganasaxierebdnen. saxelwodeba `komedia~ ki momdinareobs 

sityvidan `komos~. ase ewodeboda im mxiarul procesias, 

romelic saerTo Rreobis Semdeg imarTeboda. am komosis 

monawileni uwmawur simRerebs mRerodnen da garSemomyofT 

dascinodnen. 

karnavaluroba, simRera, cekva, xotba, dacinva, cxoveluri 

niRbebi, transi uxsovari droidan axasiaTebda Zvel xalxTa 

ritualur msvlelobas. 

dionisuri dResaswaulebis damsaxureba isaa, rom man 

gaaerTiana yvela es elementi; seriozuli da araseriozuli, 

tragikuli da komikuri erTmaneTs daukavSira da sakulto 

ceremoniaTa stiqiurobidan gamomdinare profesionalur 

sanaxaobas daudo dasabami. ( (xazgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe). 

dionises mravali nawarmoebi mieZRvna. antikuri literaturidan 

aRsaniSnavia e.w. homerosis himni da evripides tragedia 

saxelwodebiT `bakqi qalebi~. Tavdapirvelad dionises 

warmoadgendnen wverebiani kacis saxiTa da grZeli samosiT. 

moyolebuli Zv.w. V saukunidan mas ukve lamaz Wabukad warmosaxaven, 

xandaxan axalSobiladac. sayovelTao aRiareba 

moipova praqsitelesis qandakebam, romelsac pirobiTad hqvia 

`hermesi Cvili dioniseTi~. larnakTa ferweraSi xSirad vxvdebiT 

tirsenieli mekobreebis miTosis Temas. mogvianebiT 

dionises araCveulebrivi Tavgadasavlebis saxelovan mxatvar- 

Ta, moqandakeTa Tu kompozitorTa STagonebis wyarod iqca. 


òrfiuli mniSvnelobiT dionise da apoloni erTi da 

igive RmerTis ori sxvadasxva RmerTis gamocxadeba iyo. dionise 

gvevlineba ezoTerul WeSmaritebad, saganTa sawyisad da 

Sinagan arsad, romelic mxolod xeldasmulTaTvis aris mi- 

sawvdomi. is aris sicocxlis saidumlo, warsuli da momavali 

arsebobani, sxeulisadmi sulisa da miwierisadmi cis 

damokidebuleba. 

apoloni imave ideas ganasaxierebda, oRond miwier cxovrebasTan, 

sazogadoebriv wyobasTan kavSirSi. poeziis, medicinis 

da kanonmdeblobis STamagonebeli apoloni mecnierebaSi 

winaswarmetyvelebiT vlindeba, xelovnebaSi _ silamaziT, 

xalxTa bedisweraSi _ samarTlianobiT, eTikaSi – ganwmendiT~. 

e. Sure. `diadi xeldasmulni~ gv. 245. 

dionise dramaSi ganasaxierebs sicocxlis im gemos, 

riTac kacs uSualod cxovreba asaCuqrebs, – roca mas ambavi, 

gansacdeli gardaxdeba Tavs. is, am gamocdis Jams SeigrZnobs 

im mware-tkbil gemos JrJolvas, rac yofierebis 

farul dinebas dahyveba. 

dramaSi dionise – apolonisdarad gardaisaxeba TuTiyuSad, 

anu is gaxevebul da gaqvavebul robotad aris qceuli 

da es simboloa Tanamedrove iaffasian nawarmoebSi gamosaxuli 

cxovrebis faruli xmisa, – xelovnur da monotonur 

bgerad rom aris qceuli. 

53. evridike 

53. evridike – xis nimfas qaliSvili, legendaruli Semoqmedis 

orfeosis meuRle. 

(evridikisa da orfeosis ambavi ukve gadmoveciT – ix. 

orfeosi, _ r. gordeziani, `berZnuli miTebi~ naw. II.) dramaSi 

evridike gamoyvanilia gaorebuli saxiT. erTis mxriv is 

xatia, simboloa rafinirebuli, musikaluri da zeaRmtaci 

xelovnebisa. cxadia, es klasikaa, da ara marto klasikisa, 

aramed yvela im Tanamedrove WeSmariti xelovnebisa, (Tundac 

es pikasos kubisturi xanis qmnilebebi iyos). sityva Tanamedrove 

dramaSi, simbolurad gamoiyeneba, mdare da iaffasiani 

xelovnebis misamarTiT, dramis siuJetis gamosaxatavad) 

masSi evridike ganwmendili da Suqmfeni xatis saxiT monawileobs, 

rogorc cxovrebis sazrisi da kvintensacia. es maSin 

216 217

moxda, roca evridike daiZlia, anu roca orfeosma gvelis 

nakbeniT SesZlo mokvdineba da ciT xelaxla iSva. 

maSin roca meore evridike pirdapir gadmodis yoveldRiurobidan 

xelovnebaSi. amitomac gamoiyureba is ase sasacilod. 

asimetriulad aWrili kaba, gawyobili mwvane-brWyviala 

naWriT, qudis nacvlad ki puri adevs mwvane bumbulebiT 

gawyobili. satiri evridikes cxovrebas mTlianad iRebs Tavisi 

amaoebiTa da sacTuriT, amis dasturhyofaa, rom is 

evridikes mxlebel gvels wamdauwum kocnis. 

meore evridike ki ganasaxierebs cxovrebis yoveldRiurobas, 

monotonurobas, uazrobas, uwvrTnelobas. am xelovnebaSi 

adamiani uwrTvelni cxovelis donemdea dacemulebi. 

54. apoloni – berZn. olimpiuri religiis erT-erTi 

umTavresi RvTaeba; mzisa da sinaTlis ganmasaxierebeli 

RmerTi; winaswarmetyveli, mkurnali da xelovnebis mfarveli; 

zevsis Ze, artemisis tyupiscali. 

arsebobs mosazreba, rom zevsis kultis saboloo damkvidrebamde 

swored apoloni iyo uzenaesi RvTaeba. misi erTerTi 

epiTeti iyo `Turaiosi~ (`mekare~). 

radgan apolonis deda leto (apolonsa da artemideze 

fexmZime) devnili iyo herasgan, romelmac mas saSineli ur- 

Cxuli piToni miuCina. legendis Tanaxmad apolonma Suri iZia 

da mokla urCxuli. 

piToni deda-RvTaebis, geas Ze iyo da amitomac zevsma 

apolons mouwoda, ganwmendiliyo daRvrili sisxlisagan, 

xolo Semdeg piTonis pativsacemad daearsebina piTiuri asparezobani 

parezobani. ase moiqca apoloni. man daawesa piTiuri Sejibrebebi 

da daafuZna delfos taZari da samisno, romelic 

umniSvnelovanesi iyo misi kultisadmi miZRvnil sxva taZarTa 

Soris. 

delfos dideba Zv.w. VII saukunidan gansakuTrebiT izrdeba. 

igi iqceva berZenTa saerTo religiur da politikur 

centrad. delfos saxeli gascda elinur samyaros. aq modiodnen 

ara marto saberZneTidan, aramed sxva qveynebidan winaswaruwyebis 

mosasmenad. aq, samisnoSi, apolonis wminda 

samfexze ijda qurumi qali piTia da RmerTis nebas auwyebda 

mosulT. 

muzebs – Taliasa da uranias apolonma Causaxa linosi 

da orfevsi orfevsi. cnobili mkurnali asklepiosi asklepiosi. 

swored am asklepiosis gamo ganarisxa apolonma zevsi. 

imitom rom mkurnalma asklepiosma daiwyo micvalebulTa 

gacocxleba, riTac daarRvia samyaroSi arsebuli wesrigi da 

harmonia, zevsma igi elviT gangmira. Seuracxyofilma apolonma 

ki amoxoca kiklopebi – calTvala goliaTebi. ganrisxebul 

zevss surda samudamod Caegdo tartarosSi sinaTlis 

RvTaeba, magram Seibrala leto, romelmac sTxova, daendo 

maTi RvTaebrivi Ze. RmerTTa da kacTa ganmgebelma 

sasjeli Seumsubuqa apolons – TesaliaSi gagzavna da mefe 

admetossTan samsaxuri ubrZana. 

apoloni mTeli weli mwyemsavda samefo naxirs, xolo 

admetosi mas didi pativiscemiTa da mokrZalebiT epyroboda, 

rac daufasda kidec; apoloni miexmara mas, colad SeerTo 

mSvenieri alkestisi. 

apolonis saxelTan kidev mravali miTosia dakavSirebuli. 

maT Soris aRsaniSnavia: brZola gigantebTan, noibes SvilTa 

daRupva, troas omSi monawileoba, hermesis ZRveni, marsiasi marsiasi, 

kasandras dasja, nimfa dafnes Seyvareba, troas kedlis 

aSeneba da sxva. 

berZnuli religiis ganviTarebasTan erTad apolonis 

kultma STanTqa heliosis kulti. 

apoloni RmerTTa Soris ulamazesi iyo. maRalsa da 

axovans, oqrosTmians amSvenebda maradiuli axalgazrdoba da 

RvTaebrivad naTeli Tvalebi, romlebic sivrcisa da drois 

miRma imzirebodnen. (xazgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe) Sesabamisad, 

apoloni misnobis RvTaebac iyo. igi mfarvelobda naTel- 

218 219

mxilvelebs, momRerlebs, poetebs, romelTac àpolonis Svilebs~ 

uwodebdnen. Tavad ki didebulad flobda berZnul 

simebian sakravze, kiTaraze dakvris xelovnebas. 

apoloni, rogorc poeziisa da musikis RvTaeba, muzaTa 

winamZRolad, anu musagetesad iTvleboda, muzebi, zevsisa da 

mnemosines (mexsierebis qalRmerTi) qaliSvilebi, helikonis 

an parnasosis mTaze ikribebodnen. drodadro olimposzec 

iwvevda xolme apoloni muzaTa dass. maSin RvTaebrivi sim- 

ReriT monusxul RmerTebs aviwydebodaT mtroba da SuRli. 

simSvide isadgurebda ukvdavTa samyofelSi. 

muzaTa dasSi apoloni kiTariT xelSia warmodgenili, 

grZeli samosiT, dafnis gvirgviniT. 

Tanamedrove evropaSi apoloni wesrigis, harmoniis, mSvenierebisa 

da gonierebis simbolod iqca, ramac Tavisi asaxva 

hpova nicSes TeoriaSi berZnuli kulturis ori sawyisis – 

apolonurisa da dionisuris Taobaze. rodesac saubroben 

berZnuli kulturis àpolonur sawyisze~ mxedvelobaSi aqvT 

misi racionaluri, sibrZnismieri Zirebi. 


`sxivTamTovel RmerTs Seuyvarda nimfa dafne, daedevna, 

Seipyro, magram xelSive SeefoTla, xed iqca da amieridan 

dafna apolonis wminda xea, Rirsi pativisa, rom did xelovanTa 

da sardalTa Subli Seamkos~ (ov. met. I) a. gelovani 

`miTologiuri leqsikoni~, gv. 62 

im mxriv, rom apoloni iTvleba xelovnebis mfarvelad, 

drama berZnul miTs misdevs, magram mas dramaSi akisria nawarmoebSi 

idumlad CaRvrili sinaTlis, misi formisa da kompoziciis 

xelmZRvaneloba. 

dramis meore naxevarSi ki is gardaisaxeba TuTiyuSad, 

robotad, anu rogori `sinaTle~ `forma~ da `kompozicia~ 

aqvs metismetad iaffasian, modernistul nawarmoebebs. 

55. eriniebi – berZn. SurisZiebis RvTaebebi, romlebic 

warmoiSvnen uranosis sisxlis wveTebidan. romaul miTologiaSi: 

furiebi. 

rodesac uranoss gasamravlebeli aso mokveTa kronosma, 

gadmonadenma sisxlma ukanasknelad gaanayofiera dedamiwa – 

gea, romelmac welTa brunvaSi Sva Surisgebis qalRmerTebi, 

eriniebi, gigantebi da nimfebi. 

eriniebi, gviandeli miTosis Tanaxmad, samni arian: tisifone, 

aleqto da megera. isini tartarosSi cxovroben da 

ganasaxierebden sindisis maradiul da damTrgunvel qenjnas, 

devnian codvilebs miwaze Tu miwis qveS. 

droTa ganmavlobaSi eriniebi gadaiqcnen damnaSaveTa sindisis 

qenjnis ganmasaxierebel RvTaebebad. monaniebisa da 

religiuri ganwmendis Semdeg codvili Tavisufldeboda eriniaTa 

devnisagan. TandaTan eriniebma keTilmowyale qalRmer- 

TTa funqciac SeiZines da evmenidebad gardaisaxnen. es maTi 

sakulto saxeli iyo atikaSi. 

r. gordeziani `berZnuli miTebi~ 

eriniebi da evmenidebi dramaSi cal-calke gamodian 

scenaze. am SemTxvevaSi drama berZnul miTs miuyveba, radgan 

bolo moqmedebaSi eriniebi; SurisZiebis qalRmerTni aRtacebulni 

arian ra emanuelos ZalisxmeviT, anu imiT, rom man 

Tavisi cnobiereba-ganwmenda da sabolood hqreba kidec xelovnebis 

Tanamedrove samefoSi dafuZnebuli iluzia 

borotebisa, ris simbolosac satiri warmoadgenda. isini evmenidebs 

uerTdebian da maTi Surisgebis grZnoba gardaisaxeba 

da isinic saerTo sixaruls uerTdebian. dramaSi yvelaferi 

vedrebiTa da locvis madlmosili sulieri moZraobiT aResruleba. 

56. evmenidebi 

56. evmenidebi – berZn. (`keTilmosurne RvTaebebi~). 

eriniebi mas Semdeg, rac Sewyvetdnen codvilTa devnas, 

evmenidebad, keTilmosurne RvTaebebad, gardaisaxebodnen, 

220 221

adganac SurisZieba, garkveulwilad, wesrigisa da harmoniis 

aRdgenasac gulisxmobda. am dros eriniebi Tmobdnen 

TavianT borot arss da kanonis mfarvelTa funqcias iZendnen. 

aqedan gamomdinare, berZnul naturfilosofiaSi evmenidebi 

`samarTlianobis meTvalyureTa~ gagebiT moiazrebian, radganac 

maTi nebis gareSe `Tavad mzesac ki ar SeuZlia sxivTafena 

zomaze metad~. 

evmenidebis kulti arsebobda aTenis areopagosze. 

r. gordeziani `berZnuli miTebi~ 


`Cemi Tvalebi carielia 

da ras vxedav am sicarieleSi? 

da es qaria, da es qaria, da es qaria. 

qari talRa qari vardi qari samSolo. 

da es ubralod araferia 

da araferi araferia~. 

J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~. gv. 34.-35 

Cemi Tvalebi carielia – emanuelo ambobs, Cemi sulierobis 

sarke carielia. am Tavzardamcemi frazis aRqmas SegvaZlebinebs 

fragmenti m. haidegeris Sedevridan: 

– `msoflio Ramis xanaSi unda aitano samyaros usayrde- usayrde- 

noba da unda gamoicado. es niSnavs, rom aucilebelia am 

xanaSi iyvnen iseTebi, vinc ufskrulSi CaeSveba~. 

m. haidegeri `risTvis vimRero?~ (rus. Targm. J.s.) 

da emanuelo sworedac is xelovania, vinc Tavisi droebis, 

msoflio Ramis wyvdiadSi gadawyvita ufskrulSi CaSveba, 

amitomacaa misi Tvalebi carieli. is vardeba im berw droSi, 

romelSic samyarouli sisavse veRar dainaxeba. 

da aq daismis mtanjveli kiTxva: 

– es niSnavs, rom emanuelos suli da guli ar aris mzad 

RmerTi ixilos? 

radgan, rogorc maTes saxarebaSi weria: 

5.8. maTe `netar iyvnen wmindani guliTa, rameTu maT 

RmerTi ixilon~. 

Teofilaqte bulgareli aseT komentars akeTebs: 

– `sarke mxolod maSin aireklavs saxes, Tu sufTaa, aseve 

RvTis ganWvretaca da saRvTo werilis gulisxmisyofac mxolod 

wminda sulisTvisaa misawvdomi~. 

magram emanuelos tragedia upirvelesad im epoqis Svilobaa, 

romelmac adamians miusaja samyaros usayrdenobis sazarloba 

da misi upirvelesi amocanaa, rogorc xelovanisTvis 

am gadasasvleli xidis daZleva. 

haidegeri Tavis SedevrSi ase agrZelebs samyaros usayrdenobis 

sazarlobis aRweras: 

– `msoflio dro, romelsac ar gaaCnia Ziri, ufskrulzea 

Camokidebuli~ 

m. haidegeri `risTvis vimRero~ (rus. Targm. J.s.) 

RvTaebrivis ganqrobis sazareli gancda emanuelTan ganic- ganic- 

deba, rogorc qaris qrolva – es usayrdenobis gancdaa yovel 

sagans Tavzardamcem sicarieleSi, rom Caagdebs, – sadac is 

araravdeba, ganimqvreba. da emanuelo roca sakuTar TavSi 

ixedeba, aRasrulebs xelovanis – am maRali sulierobis 

amocana-sasjels – da is ùfskrulSi CaSvebuli~ ganWvrets 

im kosmosuri Ramis wyvdiads da ase ixilavs ganusxvaveblad 

yvela sagans: samSoblos, vards, zRvis talRas, viT sicarielesa 

da araferobas. 

am araferobis iqiT unda vigulisxmoT, is araferi, 

romelzedac haidegeri enigmur teqsts dawers: 

`Бытие – это не бог и не основа мира. 

Бытие – это ничто, ничто – сущее~. 

da SeiZleba, meore frazac moviSvelioT, raTa haidegerisive 

fraziT gavxsnaT es enigma. – `Бытие шире, чем сущее, и 

бытие человека, чем любое сущее, будто животное, произведение 

искусства, машин и будто ангел и бог~. 

`qaris qrolva~ es aris RmerTis mier Tavis wiaR, Tavis 

222 223

wre-brunvaSi ganqrobis dausrulebeli da Tavzardamcemi xati. 

Cven am xatis gansxvavebul interpretaciebs vicnobT, da 

miuxedavad imisa, rom xatis interpretaciis dayvana ramodenime 

mniSvnelobaze ufro adamianis zedapirulobaze migvaniSnebs, 

me, mainc erT-erTze gavamaxvilebdi yuradRebas. 

qari – misi moZraobis kanonebi miuwvdomelia adamianisaTvis. 

ioane 3.8. 

qari – RmerTis ganaCeni es. 29.6.41.16. 

qari RmerTisgan igzavneba, rogorc sasjeli codvebi- 

saTvis. 2 sj. 28; 38-42. 

haidegeris teqsts rom mivyveT: es dro daRdasmulia Rmer- 

Tis armosvliT Zvel qarTulad, es ase iTqmis: `piraSkmuloba 

RmrTisa~ – ìmedgacrueba~ niSnavs, rogorc, haidegeri wers: 

àraviTar RmerTs ukve aRar ZaluZs saCinod da ase fxizlad 

Semoikribos Tavis irgvliv – adamianebi da sagnebi. da veRar 

aTanxmebs am SemokrebiT msoflio istorias da masSi adamianis 

myofobas veRar Caswers~. m. haidegeri `risTvis vimRero?~ 

Targmani g. baramiZe. 

haidegeris es godeba ubrwyinvalesi musikaluri reqviemia, 

radgan Cven TiTqosda Cagvesmis harmoniuli samyaros eqosadmi 

da sinaTlisadmi nostalgia. am dausabamo sevdiT, usazomo 

da igavmiuwvdomeli mSvenierebis modena xdeba. ase gascdeba 

filosofia filosofiis zRvrebs da musikad gardaisaxeba. 

ai, am musikis fragmenti: 

– `... RmerTis imedgacruebaSi gamokrTeba raRac ufro 

saSineli. radgan ara marto RmerTebi wavidnen, aramed Ta- 

vad brwyinvaleba maTi RvTaebrivi cialisa Caqra msoflio 

istoriaSi~. m. haidegeri `risTvis vimRero?~ rus. Targm. 

J. siraZe. 


àdamiani aravis da arafers ar hgavs~ 

J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~ gv. 37. 

am frazis aRsaqmelad, upirvelesad unda gaTvaliswinebul 

iqnes, rom Cven xelovnebis warmosaxviT samyaroSi vimyofebiT 

da maSasadame, adamiani empiriul realobaSi ki ar moiazreba, 

aramed is am SemTxvevaSi esTetikuri fenomenia. 

es fraza lapidarulad asaxavs Tanamedrove xelovnebis 

TeoriaTa moTxovnebs. es aris konstantacia im àdamianurobisa~, 

razedac ortega-i-gaseti ase wers: 

– `... xedvis adamianuri wertili, wertili is wertilia, saidanac 

Cven ganvicdiT situaciebs, adamianebsa da sagnebs. cxadia, rom 

adamianuri, humanizirebuli gveCveneba yvela realoba – qali, 

peizaJi, bedi, – roca isini warmogvidgebian im perspeqtivaSi, 

romelSiac isini Cveulebriv ganicdebian~. 

ortega-i-gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~ 34 gv. 

`nacvlad imisa, rom SeZlebisdagvarad miuaxlovdes realobas, 

xelovani (cxadia, aq Tanamedrove xelovani igulisxmeba 

_ J.s.) piriqiT, mis winaaRmdeg ilaSqrebs: cdilobs Semusros 

adamianuri aspeqti, moaxdinos misi dehumanizacia. 

... vin mosTvlis, ramdeni ingliseli etrfoda jokondas, 

magram Tanamedrove suraTze gamosaxuli sagnebis SeTviseba 

ki SeuZlebelia: cocxali formebisgan, rom ganZarcva isini, 

mxatvarma daangria yvela xidi, dawva yvela xomaldi, romlebsac 

SeeZloT CvenTvis Cveul samyaroSi gadaveyvaneT~. 


da me isev, ortega-i-gasetis citirebas gavagrZeleb: 

`zogi, albaT imasac ityvis, rom amnair Sedegs advilad 

SeiZleba miaRwio. yovelgvari adamianuri formebisgan – kacis, 

saxlisa Tu mTisagan – sruli abstrahirebiT da imnairi gamosaxulebis 

SeqmniT, romelic arafers ara hgavs, arafers 

ar mogvagonebs (xazgasma ( Cemia _ J.s.), magram, jer erTi, es 

araracionaluria. vin icis, iqneb ornamentis yvelaze abstraqtul 

xazSi farulad feTqavs garkveul bunebriv formaTa 

bundovani mogoneba, da meorec, rac yvelaze arsebiTia, – xelovneba, 

romelzedac Cven vlaparakobT, araadamianuria, ara 

224 225

marto imitom, rom adamianur realobas ar Seicavs, aramed 

imitomac, rom principulad dehumanizaciis mimarTaa orientirebuli. 

adamianurobas rom gaurbis, misTvis imdenad mniSvnelovani 

rodia termini visTvis – ad quem ramdenadac 

termini a quo – risgan, riTi, is adamianuri aspeqti, romelsac 

TviTonve angrevs. saqme is ki araa, rom daxato raRac iseTi, 

rac srulebiT ara hgavs hgavs adamians, aramed is, is, rom rom daxato 

adamiani, rac SeiZleba naklebad rom emgvaneboda adamians~. 

(xazgasma Cemia _ J.s.) 

ortega-i-gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~, 41-44 gv. 

erTis SexedviT, Tanamedrove xelovneba mistiurobis 

umaRles safexurze megzurobas gviwevs. TiTqosda is Cveni 

pirovnulobisagan, adamianurobisgan gvanTavisuflebs, raTa 

Cvens sulSi RvTaebriv nebas adgili dauTmos. 

modiT, gavixsenoT ras wers vivekananda: – `...yoveli siyvaruli 

egoistobaa – meTaviseobaa, am sityvis yvelaze cudi 

gagebiT, rameTu me miyvars sakuTari Tavi, imitom miyvars sxva~. 

vivekananda `Zveli induri filosofia~ gv. 110. mTargmn. n. 

kenWoSvili. 

an, iqve: 

– ìndividualuri `me~ arsebobs, magram igi Crdilia im 

WeSmariti `me~-s miRma, rom mosCans. sakuTari `me~-s si- 

yvarulic macdurobaa eSmakisuli, rameTu igi SezRudulia~. 

s. vivekananda `Zveli induri filosofia~ gv. 111. mTargmn. 

n. kenWoSvili. 

an: 

– `visac individualuri `me~ gaucnobiereblad, Seucnoblad 

uyvars, aseTi siyvaruli egoizmia. visac uyvars sakuTari 

individualuri `me~-s wvdoma, aseTi siyvaruli SeuzRudavi 

da SeuboWavia, aseTi pirovneba wmindania~. 

da TiTqosda, erTis SexedviT ortega-i-gasetic Tavisi 

azrebiT vivekanandas msgavsad umaRlesi, mistiuri safexurisken 

migviZRveba: 

– `pirovnuli, rogorc yvelaze adamianuri, yvelaze ufro 

gadaWriT uiariyofa àxali xelovnebis~ mier. amas gansakuTrebiT 

naTlad gvimowmebs musika da poezia. 

beThovenidan vagneramde50 musikis ZiriTadi Tema piradi 

grZnobebis gamoxatva gaxldaT. 

musika metad Tu naklebad, aRsareba iyo. amitom esTetikur 

tkbobas dawmendiloba aklda. jer kidev nicSe ambobda, 

rom musikaSi vnebebi TavianTive TaviT tkbebian. (xazgasma Cemia 

_ J. siraZe)~ 

ortega-i-gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~. 51 gv. 

mivaqcioT yuradReba, – da xazi gavusvaT ukve moxmobil 

frazas. 

– `musika metad Tu naklebad aRsareba iyo... amitomac 

esTetikur tkbobas dawmendiloba aklda...~ 

ortega-i-gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~, 

aRsareba Tu ortegasTvis mcdari gzaa, CvenTvis is individis 

ganTavisuflebis gzaa, radgan aRsarebis dros adamiani 

gadaabijebs Tavis individualur me-s. ase gauyveba Tavis sulismier 

gzas. da ase vnebebisgan wmends Tavis suls, Tu xelovani 

axerxebs aRsareba warmoTqvas Tavisi nawarmoebis 

meSveobiT, maSasadame, is adamianuri vnebebisgan ganTavisuflebuli 

sulis monaxazs gvTavazobs. gamodis, rom ortega-igaseti 

araswor komentars Semogvatyuebs. 

amitomac, arasworia, ortega _ i _ gasetis deklaracia 

rom aRsarebis SemTxvevaSi èsTetikur tkbobas dawmendi- dawmendi- 

loba aklda~. 

da aseve mcdaria ortega-i-gaseti, roca is cdilobs 

nicSes, metismetad froidistuli Canaweri moiSvelios da 

ase dagvarwmunos: 

– `... musikaSi vnebebi TavianTive TaviT tkbebian~. 

magram yvelaze didi iluziiT, maSin dagvapurebs ortegai-gaseti, 

roca is Tavis cnobil sentenciad qceul frazas 

gaaxmovanebs: 

– `poeti iwyeba iq, sadac mTavrdeba adamiani. erTis bedi 

226 227

Tavisi adamianuri gziT siarulia, meores misia – ararsebu- ararsebu- 

lis Seqmna~. 


marsel prustis, rogorc `wminda xelovanis gza~ gavixsenoT, 

raTa saTanadod gaviazroT is problema, romlis 

winaSe gvayenebs Tanamedrove xelovneba: 

– `... mxolod gulis siRrmeSi vgrZnobdi warsulis 

TrTolvas, warsulisa, romelsac ver vcnobdi~ 

m. prusti `winasityvaoba sent-bevis winaaRmdeg~, 6 gv. 

an: 

– `vgrZnobdi, rogor meufleboda bedniereba da vmdidrdebodi 

am wminda substanciiT, romelsac wmindad SenarCunebuli 

wminda cxovrebis gardasuli STabeWdileba hqvia. da 

romlis Secnoba mxolod guldagul SenaxviT SeiZleba. mexsiereba 

gancdisas ver acnobierebs, radgan igi Tavisive 

STanTqmuli grZnobebis morevSi trialebs~. 

m. prusti `winasityvaoba sent-bevis winaaRmdeg~, gv. 7. 

erTis SexedviT Tanamedrove xelovnebas unda aRedgina 

swored es `gulis siRrmeSi myofi warsulis TrTolva~. TrTolva~ m. 

prusti. 

_ warsulis TrTolva, TrTolva romelsac Cveni yofierebiT 

dabinZurebuli grZnobebiT ver vwvdebiT. amitomac ase mkacrad 

wers platoni, Tavis RvTaebriv SedevrSi `fedonSi~: 

– `... xolo suli yvelaze ukeT azrovnebs maSin, roca 

araferi amRvrevs mas, arc smena, arc mzera, arc tkivili, 

arc sixaruli, roca inZarcvis da, SeZlebisamebr, Tavisufldeba 

sxeulisgan da Tavis TavSi oden STenili miiqceva arsebulis 

Wvretad~. 

platoni `fedoni~, 18 gv. 

an, sxvagan igive `fedonSi~ platoni wers: 

– àn vin miwvdeba masze wmindad da srulyofilad vinc 

mxolod gonebiT swvdeba TviTeul sagans, ise rom mzeras, an 

sxva grZnobas ar iSveliebs azrovnebisas, vinc mxolod 

wminda azriT, azriT Tavis TavSi, nadirobs Tavis TavSi ar- 

sebuli yoveli sagnis wminda arsze. radgan fuW iaraRad 

miaCnia Tvali, yuri, erTis sityviT, mTeli sxeuli...~ 

platoni `fedoni~, 19 gv. 

magram Tanamedrove xelovneba sxeulisagan sulac ar 

ganZarcvavs adamians. arc wminda azrovnebiT ajildovebs, da 

arc (`gulis siRrmeSi myofi warsulis TrTolvas~ – m. 

prusti) SegvagrZnobinebs. 

saqme xom piriqiTaa., es arc Cveni halucinaciaa da arc 

gazviadeba. diax, roca Tanamedrove qmnilebebis umravlesobas 

ecnobi apaTia gipyrobs. imis nacvlad, rom maT mistiurobis 

maRal safexurze asvla SegvaZlebinos piriqiT, is Tavqve, im 

ufskrulisken migviZRveba, rasac n. berdiaevi zust dasazRvras 

mouZebnis: 

– `Tanamedrove xelovnebaSi suli TiTqosda mcirdeba, 

xolo xorci dematerializdeba~ 

dematerializdeba~. 

n. berdiaevi, `xelovnebis krizisi~. 

sxvagvarad adamianurobisgan ganZarcvam Tanamedrove xelovanTa 

sulebi yofierebis umcires saganTa giganturad 

gazrdil samyaroTa rigebis tyved aqcia. 

a. kamiu ase werda: 

– àrsebobs tkbobis, pativmoyvareobis, egoizmis, an 

sulgrZelobis samyaroebi. samyaro gulisxmobs metafizikur 

sistemasa da gonebis ganwyobas~. 

a. kamiu `sizifes miTi~. 

da Cven SegviZlia saukeTeso nimuSi moviZioT da es ziuskindis 

gaxmaurebuli nawarmoebia `parfiumeri~. 

ai, ras wers cnobili literatori da poeti andro buaCiZe 

51 , Tavis SesaniSnav werilSi `genialuri parfiumeri~: 

– `Jan batist grenui ucnauri arsebaa. mas ara aqvs sakuTari 

suni, ara aqvs sakuTari aura. is bavSvobidanve aiTvaliswuna 

aRmzrdelma qalma, radgan usuno arsebad miaCnia. 

aseve iyo mogvianebiT grenuim xelovnurad Seqmna Tavisive 

suni~. 

andro buaCiZe `genialuri parfiumeri~. 

228 229

diax, genialuri parfiumeri – Jan batist grenui aravis 

da arafers hgavs. – ufro zustad ki, is yofierebis umciress 

saganTa qveS aris `gasresili~ – da ase wminda sulis 

nacvlad Cven giganturad gazrdil survilTa samyaroebs `veziarebiT~. 


`mamis sikvdilma Tan gaiyola RvTaebrivi samyaros na- 

Teli 

da am sikeTiT naZerwi homo moralis! 

da misi Rirebulebani, misi harmoniuli nawilebi: 

sibrZne, simamace, keTilgoniereba da samarTlianoba 

rwmena, sasoeba da siyvaruli 

da maTi maerTi sindisis xma!~ 

J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~, gv. 37. 

emanuelo CamoTvlis oTx siqveles, romelic klasikurma 

filosofiam memkvidreobiT miiRo aRmosavleTis mistiuri 

Sreebidan, rac Semdgom platonma Tavis srulqmnil dialogebSi 

`gaacocxla~ Semdeg maTi axali dalageba da interpretacia 

r. Stainerma SemogvTavaza _ `vardisa da jvris 

saidumloeba~-Si: 

_ `... yvelaze Rrma saidumloebebs platoni ar amJRavnebda, 

magram risi Tqmac SesaZ leblad miaCnda, man igi sokrates 

naazrevad warmogvidgina. imdroindeli evropuli ganviTarebis 

Sesabamisad, rodesac qristes impulsi dedamiwaze jer ar moqmedebda, 

platonma aRwera is umaRlesi saTnoebani, romelTac 

imdroindeli berZeni moraluri adamianisTvis upirveles 

aucileblobas miiCnevda. 

platoniseuli sami ZiriTadi saTnoeba gaxlavT: 1. sibrZne, 

2. simamace anu gulovneba, 3. zomiereba anu keTilgoniereba 

(anu adamianis dafaruli vnebebis moTokva). dabolos, 4. meomeo- Txe saTnoebad platoni asaxelebs samarTlianobas, rogorc 

sami zemoxsenebeli saTnoebis harmoniul TanaSerwymas~. 

r. Staineri. `vardisa da jvris~ saidumloeba~, 58 gv. 

da r. Staineri, CamoTvlil saTnoebaT aseT komentirebas 

ukeTebs: 

_ `... usiyvarulod zeciur sasufevels ver daimkvidreb, 

Tundac oTxive saTnoebas flobde. davimaxsovroT is dro, 

rodesac kacobriobaSi STaiRvara impulsi, romlis wyalobiT 

sibrZne da simamace gansulierda da axleburad warmoCnda 

Cvens win, rogorc siyvaruli~, siyvaruli~ r. Staineri, `vardisa da 

jvris saidumloeba~. 58 gv. 

axal aRTqmaSi, ukve gveZleva is didi wyaloba, riTac 

yovelgvari saTnoeba siyvaruliT Seimosa da ase gamTlianda 

igi qristes saxiT dedamiwaze. 

`maTes saxareba~-Si vkiTxulobT: 

`xolo man uTxra mas: `Seiyvare ufali RmerTi Seni yovliTa 

guliTa SeniTa da yovliTa suliTa SeniTa da yovliv 

gonebiTa SeniTa~ maTe 22.37 

ès aris pirveli da didi mcneba~ maTe 22,38. 

`da meore amis msgavsi: Seiyvare moyvasi Seni, viTarca 

Tavi Seni~ maTe 22.39. 

àm or mcnebaze hkidia mTeli rjuli da winaswarmetyvelni~ 

maTe 22.40. 

da yvelasaTvis nacnobi da Zvirfasi sityvebi, romlis 

winaSe mowiwebulni movidrikebiT: es aris mociqul pavles 

pirveli werili korinTelTa mimarT: 

_ `Tu me adamianTa da angelozTa enebiT vlaparakob, 

xolo siyvaruli ar gamaCnia, maSin JRaruna rvali var an 

Cxaruna winwila~. 

I korinTelTa 13.1 

_ `winaswarmetyvelebac rom mqondes, yoveli saidumlo 

da mTeli codnac rom vuwyo de, sruli rwmenac rom gqondes, 

iseTi, mTebis gadaadgileba rom SemeZlos, xolo siyvaruli 

ar gamaCndes, araraoba viqnebodi~. 

I korinTelTa 13,2 

a. tarkovskim swored pavle mociqulis am werilidan Tavis 

SedevrSi àndrei rubliov~-Si es amonaridi Seitana: 

230 231

_ `siyvaruli sulgrZelia, siyvaruli qvelmoqmedia, ar 

Surs, ar yoyoCobs, ar ampartavnos. 


_ àr sCasdis uwesobas, Tavisas ar eZiebs, ar risxdeba 

da ar ganizraxavs borots~. 


_ àr xarobs sicruiT, aramed WeSmariteba axarebs~ 


_ `yovelives itans, yvelaferi swams, yvelafris imedi 

aqvs da yovelives iTmens~ 

I korinTelTa 14.7. 

_ `siyvaruli arasodes mTavrdeba; Tumca winaswarmetyvelebani 

gauqmdebian, enebi Sewydebian, codna gauqmdeba~. 

I korinTelTa 14:8. 

magram, aq CamoTvlili siqveleebidan Tanamedrove samyaros 

amoyiravebul modelSi yvelam nivelireba ganicada. a. tarkovski 

ase werda: 

`... laparakia gulgrilobaze sxvaTa mimarT. es ganurCevloba 

sxva adamianTa, es ignorireba am SemTxvevaSi gaigivebulia 

codvasTan RmerTis winaSe~. 

a. tarkovski Tavis àpokalifsSi~ werda: 

_ `moinanie kaci, anu, me vityodi sinanulis mdgomareobaSi 

myofi adamiani, _ ai, didi gzis dasawyisi~. a. tarkovski 

àpokalifsi~. 

faqtiurad emanuelo xan iwyebs am didi gzis dasawyisze 

dgomas, xan isev ukubrundeba. 

da roca dostoevskis mniSvnelobaze wers a. tarkovski52 , 

ai, ras wers igi: 

_ àrsebobs erTi Sexeduleba dostoevskize, rogorc religiur 

mweralze, orTodoqsze, romelmac, faqtiurad, sruli 

masStabiT aRwera Tavisi Zieba da Ziebis gzaze mopovebuli 

rwmena; me mgonia es Sexeduleba arcTu mTlad zustia. misi 

didebuli aRmoCenebis mizezi ufro is aris, rom igi pirveli 

mweralia, romelmac TviTon ganvlo da TviTon Seicno su- 

lierobis dakargvis yvela problema~. 

a. tarkovski àpokalifsi~ mTargmn. d. akriani. 

emanuelo, _ am piesaSi `xelovanis gza~-Si Cafiqrebulia 

iseT gmirad, romelic sulierobis dakargvis yvela problemas 

ara marto gaiziarebs, aramed ganicdis da am gancda-gaazrebSi 

masSi kvdeba Zveli emanuelo da ibadeba axali, WeSmariti 

xelovani. 



`rogor CaeSva Tanamedrove xelovneba wyvdiad RameSi, 

am wyvdiad Rames, xelovnebis am Tavzardamcem kriziss, 

me vuwodeb 

apokalifsuri Jamis xelovnebas, biZaCemis, satiris sastiki 

mkvlelobis Sedegs~ 

Jaklin siraZe, `xelovanis gza~ gv. 37. 

ai, ras wers n. berdiaevi apokalifsuri Jamis xelovnebis 

Sesaxeb. 

_ `mravali krizisi ganicada xelovnebam Tavisi istoriis 

manZilze,. gadasvlebi antikurobidan Sua saukuneebze 

da Sua saukuneebidan aRorZinebis xanaze erTmaneTis msgavsi 

Rrma krizisebiT aRiniSneboda. magram is, rac Cvens epoqaSi 

xdeba xelovnebis mimarT SeuZlebelia miekuTvnos erT-erT 

am krizisTagans~; 

n. berdiaevi, `xelovnebis krizisi~. mTargmn. m. WaxeliZe. 

da iqve wers igi, Tumca aq, mis nawers kategoriuli toni 

atyvia: 

_ `Cven saerTod xelovnebis krizisis pirispir vimyofebiT, 

misi aTaswliani safuZvlebis Zireuli Seryevis pirispir~. 

n. berdiaevi, `xelovnebis krizisi~. 

`xdeba adamianis SemoqmedebiTi aqtis ususurebis gacnobiereba, 

aris Seusabamoba SemoqmedebiT amocanasa da SemoqmedebiT 

ganxorcielebas Soris~. 

n. berdiaevi `xelovnebis krizisi~. mTargmn. m. WaxeliZe. 

232 233

61. satirebi `berZn. tyis mcire RvTaebebi; nayofierebis 

demonebi, romlebic Tan sdevnidnen did dionises. 

satirebs CliqebiT daboloebuli fexebi hqondaT da 

welamde xSiri bewviT iyvnen dafarulni, kudic ki ebaT. 

welis zemoTa nawili adamianuri hqondaT, magram msxvili, 

wiTeli tuCebiT, Txis wveriTa da wawvetebuli yurebiT 

cxovelebs ufro emsgavsebodnen. zogierT satirs (satiross) 

panis msgavsad Tavs rqebic eba. es satirebi tyeSi nimfebTan 

erTobodnen, moxetiale yaribebs sxvadasxva oins uwyobdnen, 

mwyemsebs cxvrebsa da Txebs hparavdnen, miwis muSebs usafrTebodnen 

da afrTxobdnen. maTi sayvareli RmerTi iyo dionise, 

romelsac Turme bavSvobisas salamurze dakvriT arTobdnen. 

albaT amitom dionisesac gansakuTrebiT uyvarda es mxiaruli 

arsebebi, romelTac Rvinos asmevda da gverdidan ar 

icilebda. 

satirTa mudmivi atributebi iyo Tirsosebi, fleitebi, 

gudebi da Rvinis WurWeli. 

romaeli poetebi erTmaneTisgan aRar ganarCevdnen panebs, 

favnusebs, silenosebsa da satirebs. 

Tanamedrove metyvelebaSi satiri (satirosi) mTvrali da 

avxorci arsebis sinonimia~. 


dramaSi satiri gamoyvanilia, rogorc Tanamedrove iaffasiani, 

uazro da mdare literaturis warmomadgenlad, 

romelic emorCileba Tanamedrove samyaros mTavar princips 

– siamovnebas da rasac nebis Tavisuflebad asaRebs. 

amitomac iqca is Tanamedrove samyaros meufed, – mTavar 

poetad. is amasTanav mkvlelia Tavisi naxvarZmis orfeosisa. 

cxadia, berZnuli miTis mixedviT es SeuZlebelia, magram 

rogorc aRvniSne, axalma saTqmelma miTs axali saxe misca. 


ès tkivils ewvnis, rom davibade 

am ucxo samyaroSi: 

me xom aq mciva, me xom aq mciva! me xom aq mciva! 

TiTqos RmerTis diadi saxli mivatove 

da vin var me? arseba, romelsac lodi sress? 

(gulze xels moikidebs) 

_ aq xom taZari unda aagon, 

Tu me Tavad, me var lodi? 

es igivea! es igivea! es igivea!~ 

J. siraZe, `xelovanis gza~ gv. 43. 

martin haidegeri Tavis gaxmaurebul esse-iSi ase aRwers 

am Tavzardamcem gaToSilobaSi adamianis Cagdebulobas: 

`Íî÷ü ìèðà øèðèò ñâîè ìðàê. Ýòà âðåìÿ ìèðà îïðåäåëåíî 

íåïðèõîäîì áîãà, `çèÿíèåì – Áîãà~. ...Çèÿíèå áîãà îçíà÷àåò, 

÷òî íèêàêîé Áîã óæå íå ñîáèðàåò _ çðèìî è ëàäíî _ ëþäåé 

è âåùåé âîêðóã ñåáÿ è íå ëàäèò èç ýòîãî ñîáèðàíèÿ ìèðîâóþ 

èñòîðèþ è ïðåáûâàíèå â íåé ÷åëîâåêà. Íî â çèÿíèè áîãà 

âûÿâëÿåòñÿ è íå÷òî êóäà áîëåå óæàñíîå. Íå òîëüêî óøëè 

áîãè è áîã, íî è ñàìî ñèÿíèå áîæåñòâåííîñòè óãàñëî â 

ìèðîâîé èñòîðèè. Íî÷íîå âðåìÿ ìèðà _ ñêóäíîå âðåìÿ, èáî 

ñòàíîâèòñÿ âñå ñêóäíåå. Îíî óæå ñòîëü ñêóäíî, ÷òî áîëüøå 

íå â ñîñòîÿíèè çàìåòèòü çèÿíèå áîãà êàê çèÿíèå~. 

Ì. Õàéäåããåð, `Ïåòü _ äëÿ ÷åãî~, 181 ñòð. 

haidegeri wers, rom msoflio Ramis berwi dro imdenad 

berwdeba, rom Tavad dros aRar ZaluZs SeamCnios RmerTis 

imedgacruebaSi imedgacrueba. 

sainteresoa, rom haidegeri wers, rom berw dros ar 

SeuZlia SeamCnios _ RmerTis imedgacrueba, Tumca samyaros 

harmoniul droebaSi, _ logikuria, mas unda daewera, rom 

adamians ar ZaluZs SeamCnios RmerTis imedgacrueba. amiT, is 

iTqmis, rom adamiani Cagdebulia berwi drois nakadSi da rom, 

is am nakadidan veRar xedavs, ufro zusti iqneboda gveTqva, is 

veRar Wvrets Tavis myofobas, veRar wvdeba mas da amitomac, 

misi sityvebi gaorebuli teqstis nawilia. 

TiTqos es erTgvari perifrazaa heraklites cnobili 

frazisa: 

234 235

`sad wauxval maraduqrob cecxls?~ 

magram, heraklites moguduli qviTini brbosadmi aris 

mimarTuli, maSin, roca berw droSi _ es TvalRia brmoba 

yvelasTvis erTnairad maxasiaTebelia. TiTqosda, adamiani Sehyurebs 

mzes da verc Sehyurebs mzes. 

modi gavimeoreb teqsts: 

ès tkivils ewvnis, 

rom davibade, am ucxo samyaroSi 

me xom aq mciva! me xom aq mciva! me xom aq mciva!~ 


es mZime da iqneb yvelaze rTuli teqstia, radgan aq emanuelos 

gaorebis mTeli simZime gamosWvivis,. 

is Tavzardamcemi da SemaZrwunebeli sicive, rac gaorebas 

axlavs da is, rac RmerTisgan gandgomas mosdevs. es gaurkvevloba, 

es dabneuloba, sulis gaxleCilobaa, roca suli sakuTar 

Tavs ver cnobs. 

a. kamiu ase wers: 

`TviT es gulic saguleSi rom miZgers, samudamod Seuc- Seuc- 

nobeli darCeba CemTvis~. 

TiTqos pol valeri imave saTqmels odnav sxvagvar formas 

aZlevs: 

`frTxilad! is vinc Sens gulSi laparakobs, Senze ukeT 

rodi icnobs mas~. 

p. valeri, `rCeuli proza~. 148 gv. 

emanuelom aRar icis, TviTon aris is, vinc unda gaiTelos, 

Tu Tavad aris am gaTelvis Semoqmedi. ase kargavs RmerTisgan 

gandgomili adamiani samyaros sazriss da Tavisi raobis 

wvdomis unars, radgan azris sizuste sxva araferia, Tu ara 

RmerTis saCuqari. anu RvTis saCuqari ar ayovnebs, roca Cven 

codvil `mes~ ukuvagdebT da Cven Cveni nebisgan ganvdgebiT 

piesis teqstSi weria: 

`RmerTis diadi saxli mivatove~ 

J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~ 

am sityvebiT, isev gamJRavndeba, rom emanuelo Tanamedrove 

xelovnebis krebiTi saxea, RmerTis igavmiuwvdomeli, 

STagonebis gzaze gasvlas Tavad win rom aRudga, Tavisi 

gajiutebiT msoflio Ramis siciveSi, Tavzardamcemis Ramis 

wyvdiadSi rom Caemwyvda, sadac samyaros sagnebi ufskrulze 

Camoekidnen, da sadac SeuZlebelia sagani sagans hgavdes _ 

emanuelos gaoreba da gaurkvevloba gvTavazobs samyaros amoyi- 

ravebul models da sulac kanonzomieria, _ rom man masSi, 

(Tumca droebiT) myofma emanuelom ar icis vin aris? 

63. `narkisosi (narcisi) – berZn. mSvenieri Wabuki; zRvis 

RmerTis, kefisosis da naiada liriopes vaJi. 

narkisosma Tavisi gamosaxuleba ixila wyalSi, Seiyvara 

da am siyvaruliT dalia suli. RmerTebma igi yvavilad gardasaxes 

da am mSvenier yvavils misi saxeli uwodes (ix. eqo). 

narkisosis miToszea Seqmnili kalderonis dramebi, glukisa 

da skarlatis operebi da sxva. 

gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT narkisoss (narciss) uwodeben 

sakuTar Tavze Seyvarebul adamians. r. gordeziani `berZnuli 

miTebi~. 

dramaSi narcisi gaigivebulia klasikosebTan, da aseve 

yvela WeSmarit xelovanTan, ara aqvs arsebiTi mniSvneloba 

is Tanamedrovea, Tu sxva saukuneSi mcxovrebi xelovani, arsebiTia, 

rom maTi Semoqmedeba RvTaebrivis gznebas efuZneba 

da sulismier meore mzis gzas miuyveba. 

dramaSi narcisi igive goeTea, igive galaktioni, igive 

Sopeni, igive... xelovani – Tavis Semoqmedebas sakuTari gamosaxulebis 

xilviT aRasrulebs. kvdoma da yvavilad qceva, es 

aris xelovanis mier miwieri aRsasrulis gancda da misi 

sulieri aRorZinebis maCvenebeli. yvavilebi es sulismieri 

gzis gamosaxebis simboloa, sulis gamJRavneba Tavis umSvenieres 

formaSi. 

Tumca berZnuli miTis mixedviT narciss arc Svili da 

236 237

arc gamgrZelebeli ar hyolia, magram dramaSi mas rogorc 

klasikis damfuZnebels hyavs Tavisi sulieri Svilebi da 

gamgrZeleblebi. dramaSi ikveTeba orfeosi da cxadia emanuelos 

dabneuli suli sabolood mamis gzas miuyveba. 


dascinodiT Seqspirs, da mas uwodebdiT 

anc biWunas da uvic dramaturgs~. 


nikoloz berdiaevi werda: 

àdamianis kulturas Tavis mwvervalze gaaCnia dauZleveli 

midrekileba dacemisaken, dekadensisaken, gamofitulobisken. 

ase iyo did antikur kulturaSi, romelic arsebiTad warmogvidgeba, 

rogorc nebismieri kulturis maradiuli wyaro, 

igive xdeba axali samyaros kulturaSic~. 

n. berdiaevi, `xelovnebis krizisi~, gv. 196. 

da, Tu vinme warmoadgens klasikis gvirgvins, upirveles 

yovlisa es Seqspiria, da logikuri iqneboda, Tanamedrove 

samyaros TavisTavSi aRmoeCina is Zala, riTac Seqspirs 

gaamaxsrebda. magram saswauli aRsrulda, iqneb didi saswaulic, 

radgan Seqspirma, rogorc universalurma dramaturgma 

da poetma SeinarCuna Tavisi Zalmosileba. is azrovnebis 

umaRles sferos gvaziarebs maSinac ki, roca samefo karis 

intrigebze mogviTxrobs. misi naweri gajerebulia mistikisa 

da cxovrebiseuli `codnis~ SeuZlebeli da daujerebeli 

urTierTSerwymiT da mainc, yvelaze didi saocreba masSi 

isaa, rom cxovrebis yvela wvrilmanis ase ubadlo aRmweri 

ostatis yoveli cTomisa da borotebis ase mZafrad mxedvelis 

iqiT, yovelTvis igrZnoba Seqspiris alter ego _ miwierobas 

mowyvetili beris is Wvreta _ Zalian Soreuli, 

zeciuri sauflos gamToSavi sicividan rom dahyurebs adamianTa 

cxovrebas. 

Seqspiris universalurobam SesZlo kanonzomierebis dar- 

Rveva _ da is gamonaklisad darCa. xolo, rac Seexeba piesis 

frazas, is avtoris, anu Cemi (J. siraZis) warmosaxvaa, _ da 

ar Seesabameba sinamdviles. 

65. hegeli – (1770-1831) –filosofosi, klasikuri germanuli 

filosofiis udidesi warmomadgeneli. 


piesis komentari: 

`xelovnebis samefo Seicvala 

ufro zusti iqneboda meTqva, 

es samyaro amoyiravda 

da is, rac siRrmeSi ido, 

exla zedapirze devs~. 

`xelovanis gza~ J. siraZe. gv. 58. 

Cveni drois moazrovneebi am amoyiravebuli samyaros 

model Si moRvaweoben da rac, ar unda didi iyos moazrovne, 

misi naweri mainc im Sefasebas ver ascdeba, rogoradac oqtavio 

pasi Seafasebs ortega i gasetis Semoqmedebas: 

òrtega-i-gasetis kiTxva igivea, rac rTul gzaze bundovani 

miznisken siaruli~. 

radgan Tanamedrove samyaroSi, rogorc ortega wers: 

_ `Â ìèðå åñòü ñåé÷àñ îäèí âåëèêèé áîëüíîé íàõîäÿùèéñÿ 

íà êðàþ ãèáåëè. ýòî _ èñòèíà~. Îðòåãà-È-Ãàññåò. 

nuTu SesaZloa ki Seicvalos samyaro? an xom ar aris 

gazviadeba, rom samyaro àmoyiravda?~ da rom faseulobebi 

uwonadoni Seiqmnen? 

ai, ras wers Rrmadmorwmune nikoloz berdiaevi, romelic 

ase naTlad Wvrets movlenebs da romlis msjelobas ZaluZs 

mtkivneulad Tvali agvixilos da Segvacnobinos Tu ramdenad 

pasuxismgebelni varT adamianebi samyaros winaSe, _ da ramdenad 

ganapirobebs Cveni Tavisufali arCevani mis beds. 

`Îøèáî÷íî äóìàòü, ÷òî ÷åëîâå÷åñòâî æèâåò â îäíîì è 

òîì æå îáúåêòèâíîì, äàííîì èçâíå ìèðå; ÷åëîâåê æèâåò 

â ðàçíûõ, ÷àñòî ôèêòèâíûõ ìèðàõ, íåñîîòâåòñòâóþøèõ, 

238 239

åñëè èõ âçÿòü â îòäåëüíîñòè, ñëîæíîé è ìíîãîîáðàçíîé 

äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè. Äîëÿ ôèêòèâíîñòè è ôàíòàñìàãîðè÷íîñòè 

îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ñòåïåíüþ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíîé ñîñðåäîòî÷íåííîñòè 

íà îäíîì, âûòåñíÿþøåì âñå îñòàëüíîå~. 

Í. Áåðäÿåâ, `Öàðñòâî äóõà è öàðñòâî êåñàðÿ~. 

piesaSi swored am Tanamedrove samyaroze _ Tanamedrove 

xelovnebis warmosaxviT samyarozea saubari, romelic raRac 

ucnaurobiT yofierebis Semzarav CarCoebSia gamomwyvdeuli. 

masSi RmerTis nacvlad wammarTvelia sikvdilis SiSis usazomod 

gazrdili fantomi. 

yofierebis CarCoebSi rom aris gamoketili Tanamedrove 

samyaro,. amaze metyvelebs televizoris warmosaxviTi sarke, 

romlis Tvalis midevnebisas aRmoaCen, rom Tanamedrove laroSfuko, 

monteni, Jan de la bruieri 53 , Tu paskali, Tavis genialur, 

elvare maqsimebsa Tu azrebs dRes mxolooden yoveldRiurobis 

mosaxmarebel saganTa kideebze ganaTavseben. 

67. gv. 60. ix. gv. 207-is komentari 47. 


àr arsebobs sxvaoba 

STagonebul poetTa 

survilTa sigrZeSi~ 

J. siraZe. `xelovanis gza~ gv. 60. 

cota ar iyos ugergilo gamonaTqvamia, survili ki ar 

warmarTavs poets, da, arc WeSmariti azrovneba ar miiRweva 

ndomiT, aramed masSi warmmarTvelia _ usurvilobaa, anu _ 

ara ndoma. 

amiT is iTqmis, rom yoveli WeSmariti azrovneba nebis 

miRma dgas _ (rogorc amas haidegeri ambobs). yoveli WeSmariti 

poetis leqsic ùsurvilobidan~ warmodgeba. 

amitomac wers platoni erTi SexedviT ucnaur frazas 

`did hipia~-Si: 

_ `...WeSmarit poeti, roca Txzavs, gamogonilisagan,mi- mi- 

Tisagan Txzavs da ara namdvilisagan~. 

platoni. `didi hipia~ 

anu, gamogonil ambavSi, miTSi poetis survili an, ndoma 

ki ar moZraobs, aramed is umaRlesi goni, romelsac iogebi 

RvTaebriv naperwkals uwodeben, an sulis suls, esaa yovelgvari 

survili-ndomisagan ganZarcvuli suli. 

_ `masSi moqmedebs es sayovelTao, romelic ase Tanabrad 

gamodgeba yoveli calkeulisTvis. aris yovelTvis yovlad 

Tanabari, Tanabrad gulgrili, anu is arsi, romelic verasodes 

gaxdeba arsebiTi~. m. haidegeri `hiolderlini54 da 

poeziis arsi~. 

anu yoveli poeti im erTaderTis, maraducvleli da igiveobrivis, 

_ Tanabrad gulgrilis, RvTaebrivi naTelis winaSe 

dgas, _ rogorc marad erTgvarovani erTis usasrulo 

mwkrivis, marad ganaxlebadi igiveoba. 

r. muzili55 ase wers: 

` _ poeziis simaRle is mwvervali ki ar aris, dausrulebliv 

zeviT rom miiwevs, poeziis simaRle wrea, romelSic 

arsebobs mxolod gansxvavebulTa igiveoba~. 

gansxvavebulTa igiveoba _ es RvTaebrivi gznebis, maraducvleli 

da waruvali nebaa. 

69. teqsti piesaSi ase grZeldeba: 

` _ es usasrulobaa nulebiT 

warmodgenili 

varskvlavebiT moWedili ca~. 

`xelovanis gza~ _ J. siraZe gv. 60. 

_ usasrulobis nulebiT gamosaxva, cxadia, simboluri 

gamoxatulebaa RvTaebrivi universalurobisa. 



`samyaro bnelia da mas ori RmerTi warmarTavs: 

SemTxveviTebus da evoluciuss~. 

240 241


me aq isev gavixseneb nikoloz berdiaevis mosazrebas: 

_ `Îøèáî÷íî äóìàòü, ÷òî ÷åëîâå÷åñòâî æèâåò â îäíîì 

è òîì æå îáúåêòèâíîì äàííîì èçâíå ìèðå. ×åëîâåê æèâåò 

â ðàçíûõ, ÷àñòî ôèêòèâíûõ ìèðàõ, íå ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ, 

åñëè èõ âçÿòü â îòäåëüíîñòè, ñëîæíîé è ìíîãîîáðàçíîé 

äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè. 

Í.À. Áåðäÿåâ, `Öàðñòâî äóõà è öàðñòâî êåñàðÿ~, 292 

ñòð. 

mwvave gancda meufleba am civi gansjis Semdgom, rom 

adamiani `dRes~ fiqtiurad, koSmaruli samyaros pirmSoa da 

Cems Tavs davekiTxe: ratom amoiwura dRevandeli adamianis 

sulieroba da ratom iSveliebs is or xelovnur sabjens _ 

SemTxveviTobasa da evoluciis Teoriebs? 

SemTxveviTobus _ da Tumca magaliTebis moZieba usasru- 

lod SeiZleba. 

magram me yvelaze cnobils, da yvelaze naTel magaliTs 

moviSvelieb da cxadia, es alber kamius esei-dan `sizifes 

miTi~-dan aris: 

àbsurdi, romelic aqamde daskvnad iyo miCneuli, am esseSi 

aTvlis wertilad gvevlineba~. 

a. kamiu, `sizifes miTi~, 31 gv. 

absurdi SemTxveviTobis gamoxatuleba da dadasturebaa. 

igi samyaros saganTa kanonzomier, aucilebel kavSirs waSlis, 

da mas uazrobad da moCvenebad dagvanaxvebs. 

SemTxveviToba uRmerTo samyaros wesrigia, romelSic 

mimdinare movlenebi arc kanonzormieria, da arc mizez-Sedegobrivi. 

SemTxveviToba Tavis yovel gamovlenas absurdis 

koSmaruli aCrdiliT gvidasturebs. magram ratom gausvams 

xazs a. kamiu, rom absurdi, aTvlis wertilia da araviTar 

SemTxvevaSi daskvna? 

radgan aTvlis wertili, rogorc TviTon a. kamiu amave 

essei-Si (`sizifes miTSi~) ganmartavs, aris erTaderTi makav- 

Sirebeli adamiansa da samyaros Soris, gadaulaxavi barieri, 

anu unda gaviazroT adamianis ara arsi, aramed cxovreba. da es 

(a. kamius azriT) gaucxoebis kedelia, amitomac is erTaderTi 

SesaZlo aTvlis wertilia, anu a. kamiusTvis is ganwmendili, 

wminda sulis gamovlenas ki ar warmoadgens aramed sxeulis 

usazomod gazrdil survilTagan Seqmnil samyaroTa rigebs. 

survilTa sxvadasxva samyaroTa jams. ai, ras wers a. kamiu: 

`did-didi grZnobebi mudam Tan daatareben TavianT samyaros, 

didebulsa Tu ubadruks, isini TavianTi vnebiT anaTeben 

qveyanas, sadac kvlav pouloben TavianT sargo havas. arsebo 

ben tkbobis, pativmoyvareobis, egoizmis an sulgrZelobis 

samyaroebi~. 

a. kamiu `sizifes miTi~. 15 gv. 

amitomacaa am samyaroSi yoveli didi saqmis dasawyisi 

umniSvnelo da ubadruki movlenaa: 

`Íà÷àëî âñåõ âåëèêèõ äåéñòâèé è ìûñëåé íè÷òîæíî~. 

À. êàìüþ. ñòð. 229. 

ubadrukoba, anu umniSvneloba, aris absurdis sayrdeni 

wertili, romlidanac is TavisTavs augebs Tavis qmnilebas 

_ qimeras. 

TviT iseT did moazrovneze, rogorc ortega-i-gasetia 

oqtavio pasi iZulebulia daweros iseTi ram, Cven TavzardacemulT 

rom SegvagrZnobinebs sasacilo da sastiki jalaTis 

tyveobidan TavdauRwevlobas, da misi saxeli _ èvoluciis 

Teoriaa~. 

ai, ras wers igi (oqtavio pasi): 

òrtega-i-gaseti gvanTavisuflebs varskvlavTa winaSe 

mowiwebisgan, anu metafizikisgan, azrebi imTaviTve ar myofoben 

mentalur zecaSi. Cven maT Cvenive azrovnebiT vqmniT. isini 

kosmiuri harmoniis xats ar warmoadgenen da arc msoflio 

wesrigis niSnebi arian, aramed cru sinaTle, romelic sibneleSi 

migviZRveba, signalebi, erTmaneTs rom vagonebT, xidebi 

_ erTi napiridan meoreze gadasasvlelad. magram swored es 

242 243

meore napiri, sxva mxare aklia ortega-i-gasetis nawerebs. 

racionaluri vitalizmi, solifsizmia, Sesaxvevi, romelsac 

CixSi SevyavarT~. SevyavarT~ 

oqtavio passi òrtega-i-gaseti, rogor da risTvis?~ 

racionaluri vitalizmi _ sxva araferia, Tu ara evolu 

ciis Teoriis xatovani gamonaTqvami da sulac SemTxveviTi 

ar aris, rom swored ortega-i-gasetis kalams ekuTvnis iqneb 

genialuri nawarmoebic ki romelic SesaZlebelia mxolod da 

mxolod ori sityviT davaxasiaToT: racionaluri vitalizmi 

da mas `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~ ewodeba. 

da mtkicebuleba rom XIX-XX saukunes warmarTavs es 

ori RmerTi, RmerTi _ amis Tavzardamcemi nimuSia pol valeris XIX 

saukunis genialuri moazrovne, romelic maSinac ki, roca 

STagonebaze wers am òri RmerTis~ mizeziT CixSi Sedis. da 

Cven valeris figuris sidiade imasac migvaniSnebs, rom am 

Cixs epoqaluri Cixic ki SeiZleba vuwodoT: 

`romel zRvrebTan Cerdebodnen evklideebi formaTa wvdomis 

procesSi? ra doneze awydebodnen isini wyvetilobas 

azrobrivi uwyvetelobisa? 

kvleva-Ziebis am ukidures wertilSi versad wavuvalT 

evoluciuri Teoriebis sacTurs, Cven ar gvsurs imis aRi- 

areba, rom es zRvari SeiZlebs saboloo iyos~. 

pol valeri `rCeuli proza~. 

me isev gavimeoreb erT frazas: 

`Cven ar gvsurs imis aRiareba, rom es zRvari SeiZleba 

saboloo iyos~. 

pol valeri `rCeuli proza~. mTargmneli b. bregvaZe. 

am fraziT pol valeri mimarTavs TiTqosda winare saukunis 

moazrovneebs. am xmaSi daRliloba da imedgacrueba 

gamosWvivis, magram aramc da aramc iWvi. 

valeris nawerebSi evoluciis Teoria, xan amaRlebuli 

notiT mosaubrea, xan ki sasowarmkveTad moCurCule xmad 

gardaisaxeba. magram Tu valeris es fraza mxolod usaxuri 

kiTxvaa, mas aqvs pirdapiri pasuxi _ teqstSi rom ikiTxeba 

da SeiZleba is valeris àqsiomadac~ gavasaRoT: 

_ valeri saswaulsa da intuicias evoluciis TeoriTeori- asTan aigivebs. 

71. piesis komentarebi: 

adre, TrobiT viWrebodi sagnebSi 

da sagnebs zRvrebidan sixaruliT gamovixsnidi 

dRes mivxvdi, amaoa Troba da garja. 

fxizelsac ki SegiZlia 

gadaaba sagnebi erTmaneTs, 

da ase moipovo WeSmariteba~. 

J. siraZe `xelovnebis gza~ gv. 68. 

am striqonis gasagebad, albaT upriania a. tarkovskis 

àpokalifsi~-dan fragmentis moyvana: 

_ `...radgan kulturis am krizisis Jams, romelsac ganvicdiT 

bolo erTi saukunis manZilze, Cven mivediT im azramde, 

rom xelovani SeiZleba qmnides raime sulieri koncefciis 

gareSe, saerTod sulierobis gareSe, sadac Semoqmedeba (SemoqmedebiTi 

unari), mxolod instinqturi aqti Tu instinqtTa 

TamaSia, magram, Cven xom viciT, rom zogierT cxovels aqvs 

erTgvari esTetikuri grZnoba da ZaluZs akeTos raime, rasac 

garkveuli azriT, aqvs dasrulebuli forma Tu moxazuloba. 

magaliTad, futkris naSeneb fiWas aqvs Tavisi mowesrigebuli 

forma. dRes adamiani ukve Tvlis, rom SemoqmedebiTi niWi 

aris mis gankargulebaSi myofi raRac, rac mas sulac ar xdis 

raimeze pasuxismgebels, anu aranairad ar avaldebulebs~ 

a. tarkovski, àpokalifsi~, mTargm. d. akriani. afra VI 

2002 w. 

an, iqve 

` _ am momentidan xelovneba dayvanilia raRac formulaze 

Tu formalur Ziebaze, an sulac farTo moxmarebis saqonelze, 

romelic unda gaiyidos an SeZenil iqnas~. 

a. tarkovski, àpokalifsi~. mTargmn. d. akriani. 

da Zalian sainteresoa, nikoloz berdiaevis naazrevi 

244 245

Tanamedrove adamianis Tavisuflebaze, im Tavisuflebaze, 

romelic aseTi usaxuri xelovnebis Tanamdevia: 

_ àdamiani zedmetad ganTavisuflda, usazRvrod dacarielda 

Tavisi carieli TavisuflebiT, metismetad Zalgamoclilia 

xangrZlivi kritikuli epoqis mier da SemoqmedebaSi 

mas moenatra organuloba, sinTezi, religiuri centri, misteria~. 

n. berdiaevi, `xelovnebis krizisi~, 188 gv. 

72. gv. 68. bakqi qalebi – berZn.Rvinis RvTaebis, dionises, 

Tayvanismcemeli qalebi. ase SeerqvaT maT imis gamo, rom 

dioni ses meore saxeli iyo bakqosi (romSi – baxusi). 

sxvagvarad bakq qalebs `menadebsac~ uwodebdnen. evripides 

erT-erTi Cvenamde moRweuli tragediis saTauric ase ikiTxeba: 

`bakqi qalebi~. r. gordeziani `berZnuli miTebi~ 

dramaSi isini Cndebian, rogorc satiris boroti nebis 

aRmsrulebeli msaxurni. 

73. gv. 68. menadebi berZ. _ dionises TanamgzavrTa erTerTi 

saxelwodeba. 

74. gv. 69. `narkisosi (narcisi) – berZn. mSvenieri Wabuki; 

zRvis RmerTis, kefisosis da naiada liriopes vaJi. 

narkisosma Tavisi gamosaxuleba ixila wyalSi, Seiyvara 

da am siyvaruliT dalia suli. RmerTebma igi yvavilad gardasaxes 

da am mSvenier yvavils misi saxeli uwodes (ix. eqo). 

narkisosis miToszea Seqmnili kalderonis dramebi, glukisa 

da skarlatis operebi da sxva. 

gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT narkisoss (narciss) uwodeben 

sakuTar Tavze Seyvarebul adamians. r. gordeziani `berZnuli 

miTebi~. 

dramaSi `xelovanis gza~ narcisi gaigivebulia klasikosebTan, 

da aseve yvela WeSmarit xelovanTan, ara aqvs 

arsebiTi mniSvneloba is Tanamedrovea, Tu sxva saukuneSi 

mcxovrebi xelovani, arsebiTia, rom maTi Semoqmedeba RvTaebrivis 

gznebas efuZneba da sulismier meore mzis gzas miuyveba. 

aRniSnul dramaSi narcisi igive goeTea, igive galak- 

tioni, igive Sopeni, igive... xelovani – Tavis Semoqmedebas 

sakuTari gamosaxulebis xilviT aRasrulebs. kvdoma da 

yvavilad qceva, es aris xelovanis mier miwieri aRsasrulis 

gancda da misi sulieri aRorZinebis maCvenebeli. yvavilebi 

es sulismieri gzis gamosaxebis simboloa, sulis gamJRavneba 

Tavis umSvenieres formaSi. 

Tumca berZnuli miTis mixedviT narciss arc Svili da 

arc gamgrZelebeli ar hyolia, magram dramaSi mas rogorc 

klasikis damfuZnebels hyavs Tavisi sulieri Svilebi da 

gamgrZeleblebi. dramaSi ikveTeba orfeosi da cxadia emanuelos 

dabneuli suli sabolood mamis gzas miuyveba. 

75. gv. 72. es perifrazaa pol valeris cnobili frazisa: 

àr arsebobs WeSmariteba vnebis gareSe. me minda vTqva: WeSmariteba 

mxolod vnebiT miiRweva, miiwvdomeba~ p. valeri 

`rCeuli~ gv. 89. mTargmn. m. bregvaZe. 

76. gv. 74. piesis komentari 

`Tanamedroveobis aRmoCena?! 

stili, _ sxeulis bnel sacavSi daculi?! 

xelovanis sxeuli wers?~ 

J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~ 74 gv. 

aq, gamoTqmulia Tanamedrove moazrovneTa mosazrebebi, 

rac gadafasebas ukeTebs yvelasTvis cnobil gamonaTqvams 

_ biufonisas: `stili _ es TviT adamiania~ da Tu stilis 

da sazRvra diametralurad Seicvala, da daupirispirda saukuneebis 

ganmavlobaSi aqsiomad qceul dasazRvras, TvalsaCinoebisTvis 

upirvelesad bartis dasazRvra unda movixmoT: 

`stili _ pirovnuli mexsierebis uRrmes sacavSia Ca- 

Ziruli, TviT misi Seuvaloba sxeulis cxovrebiseuli ga- 

246 247

mocdilebidan aRmocendeba. `stilis saidumloeba, _ es aris 

is, rac TviT mwerlis sxeuls axsovs~. 

Seusabamoba tolobis niSniT xelovnurad erTiandeba r. 

bartTan56 : 

1. stili _ pirovnuli mexsierebis uRrmesi sacavi anu, 

stili _ sxeulis cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan aRmocenili 

_ Seuvaloba 

2. stilis saidumloeba _ mwerlis sxeuls axsovs. 

Cveni pirovnuli mexsierebis uRrmes sacavze Tu visaubrebT, 

is upirvelesad aris suli, _ gulis faruli da 

mouxelTebeli moZraoba. 

TiTqos gveucxoveba, roca r. barti wers: 

_ stili _ sxeulis sacavSia daculi, magram es azri 

sulac ar aris axali ganacxadi. is saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi 

aqa-iq iCenda, iqneb safuZvliani interpretaciiTa da iWviTac 

rom adamiani, rasac ar unda qmnides Tavis cxovelur bunebas 

ver gascildeba. 

magram gana yvela warmoTqmuli fraza moismineba. is xSirad 

uwonadoa, radgan im epoqas ar ganekuTvneba, sadac gaiJRera. 

saocaria, magram Cven am faqtis usasrulo dasabuTeba SeiZleba 

moviZioT. asec SeiZleba vTqvaT, _ bartamde _ aTasma bartma 

warmoTqva es fraza Tu gaaJRera, iWvi; magram mudam imarjvebda 

maRali sulieroba da es ise moxda, TiTqosda isini, 

arc arasodes aravis warmouTqvams. 

modiT, axla ase SevecadoT, gaviazroT es problema, da, 

ras niSnavs, rom biufonis fraza: `stili _ es TviT adami- adami- 

ania~ _ uwonado Seiqmna mxolod mas Semdeg, rac adamianma 

RmerTi uaryo da maSasadame SeuZlebeli Seiqmna mas hqonoda 

Tavisi stili? 

upirvelesad imas, rom adamians ara aqvs unari iyos TviTmyofadi, 

unikaluri, amaRlebuli, RmerTis rCeuli. ufro 

metic es mdgomareoba Sefasebul iqna, rogorc adamianis mier 

Tavisi cxoveluri gzis SeniRbva. 

balzaki57 ki ambobda: 

`sakmarisi ar aris iyo ubralod adamiani, _ unda iyo 

mTeli sistema~. 

im azriT, rom sagans mxolod maSin aqvs wonadoba da Rirebuleba, 

Tu is sistemis nawilia, magram TanamedroveTaTvis 

es wonadoba _ Rirebuleba _ RvTaebrivis maRali jildo 

damcrobili da uaryofil iqna da Sefasebuli rogorc adamianis 

mibruneba Tavisi cxoveluri bunebisadmi. da es maSinac 

ki, roca STagonebis igavmiuwvdomel gzas mimyol SemoqmedSi 

adamianis individualuri `me~ kvdeba. Tanamedrove Teoriebis 

mixedviT RmerTis instrumentad qceuli adamiani ki ar wers, 

_ aramed es Tavdacvis instinqtiT aRZruli cxovelis moqmedebaa 

mxolooden da sxva araferi. 

roca ortega i gaseti wers: 

`cocxali formebisgan Tavis daRwevis tendencia~. 

es misi umkacresi moTxovnaa, TanamedroveTa erTgvari axirebis 

deklaracia. _ gvaqvs stili _ maSasadame, Cveni sxeuli 

wers da aramc da aramc Cveni suli. 

magram amis iqiT arsebobs safuZvliani mosazrebebi _ da 

bevrad ufro Rrma, vidre Cven es erTi SexedviT warmogvidgenia. 

magaliTad, ina kuliSovas mohyavs i. brodskis, Tanamedroveobis 

erT-erTi wamyvani moazrovnis sityvebi: 

_ `vercerT rwmenas, vercerT did ideas ar SeiZleba 

hqondes pretenzia, metafizikuri horizontis srul momcvelobaze~. 

an, rogorc viaCeslav ivanovi58 werda: 

`sakmarisi ar aris qriste sakmarisi ar aris froidi, 

sakmarisi ar aris marqsi, eqsistencializmi da buda~. 

77. fragmenti aleqsandre WavWavaZis leqsidan `vah, droni, 

droni~ 

248 249


Cveni simbolo puria, 

aRsrulda kacobriobis ocneba, 

qva iqca purad. J. siraZe `xelovnebis gza~ gv. 81; gv. 85; 

gv. 90. 

J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~ gv. 90. gv. 85, gv. 81. 

piesaSi warmosaxviTi xelovnebis samyaroSi xdeba sulier 

Rirebulebebze uaris Tqma, _ da es fraza misi figuraluri 

gamoxatulebaa. 

sulier RirebulebaTa uarmyofelebT, is aerTianebT, rom 

isini yovelTvis bunebas moiSvelieben, Tavisi siwrfelisa 

da uSualobis dasacavad, _ Tumca kargad gaazrebis Semdgom 

Cven xelT bunebis nacvlad teqnika, bunebis es yalbi pirmSo 

aRmogvaCndeba. 

aseve niSneulia is carieli Tavisufleba, rac nebismieri 

survilisa da siamovnebis myis aRsrulebas mohyveba, rogorc 

sasjeli. 

vidre am fragmentis komentirebas Sevudgebi, minda puris 

Sesaxeb bibliis leqsikonSi Setanili mniSvnelobebi xelaxla 

gavixseno; 

qriste. ioan. 6, 33-35. 

qristes xorci. maT. 26, 26; 1 kor. 11, 23-24. 

wmindanTa kavSiri. saqme. 2, 46; 1 kor. 10, 17. 

siuxve. ezek. 16, 49; 2 sj 8, 9. 

usamarTloba. igav. 4, 17; 20, 17. 

amaoeba. igav. 31, 27. 

aseve gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT: 

qriste _ puri arsobisa. ioan. 6.48. 

eklesia. 1 kor. 5, 7; 10, 17. 

bibliis leqsikoni t. II. 24 gv. 

Semdgeneli e. giunaSvili 

Rrmad rom iqnes gaazrebuli, es komentari, dionise areopagelis59 

mosazrebas moviyvan romelSic sulier purzea 

saubari: _ qristeze, _ qristes xorcze, _ wmidanTa kavSirze, 

_ eklesiaze. 


_ `RvTiT boZebuli sazrdo orgvaria _ gvaswavlis 

fsevdo-dionise areopageli erTi mkvrivia da myari, meore _ 

notio da Txevadi... 

mkvrivi sazrdo (...) myari da Znelad misaRebi sulieri 

sakvebia, romliTac adamianebi eziarebian marad ucvlel sinamdviles, 

amis simbolod dionise areopageli asaxelebs purs. 

puri simboloa im sulieri sazrdosi, romlis arqona 

ararsebobas udris. `puri Cueni arsobisa, momec Cuen dRes~ 

_ naTqvamia saxarebaSi, sadac `puri arsobisa~ gagebulia, 

rogorc WeSmariti codna, RvTiT boZebuli sibrZne, goneba 

samyaros macocxlebel Zalad movlenili. yoveldRiuri puris 

moTxovniT Cven moviTxovT qristesTan maradiul ziarebas, 

radgan qriste aris puri da sicocxle Cveni. 

puri qristes sxeulis RvTaebriobasTan aris dakavSirebuli. 

iesos puris saxiT xelT upyria RmerTis sityva da 

azri ganivTebuli. wminda trapezi wminda sulis simboloa, 

xolo sakvebad motanili puri _ RmerTis sityvis, e.i. iesos 

xateba. 

XVII s. dasasruls warmoiSva mimdinareoba, purTayvanismcemlobis 

saxelwodebiT, romlis mimdevarnic Tayvans 

scemdnen purs da Rvinos, rogorc qristes sxeulisa da 

sisxlis ganivTebul simbolos~. 

j. SoSiaSvili `bizantiuri epistolografia da fsevdo 

dionise areopagelis werilebi~ gv. 56. 

exla axali aRTqmis teqsti unda gavixsenoT da rasakvirvelia 

netari Teofilaqte bulgarelis komentarebiT: 

4.1;, `maSin iesu aRmoiyvana udabnod sulisagan gamocdad 

eSmakisagan~ 

_ 4;2; `da imarxa ormeoci dRe da ormeoci Rame da merme 

SeemSia~ 

_ 4;3; `mouxda mas gamomcdeli igi da hrqua: ukueTu Sen 

250 251

xar me RmrTisaO, Tqu raiTa qvani ese pur iqmnen~ 

4;3; `marTalia, macTurma moismina xma zecidan èse ars 

Ze Cemi~, magram meore mxriv dainaxa, rom qristes moSivda 

da ver gaigo, Ze RvTisam rogorRa ganicada SimSili. rom 

darwmundes, mis cTunebas cdilobs da eubneba: `Tu Sen Ze 

RvTisa xar~, is liqnis mas, radgan fiqrobs, rom qriste 

raRacas malavs. albaT ikiTxav codva rad iqneboda qvebis 

purad gadaqceva, magram icode! eSmaks raSic ar unda mousmino 

_ codvaa. amasTan, eSmakma is ki ara Tqva: `dae es qva iyos 

purio~, aramed `qvebio~, raTa qristeSi sixarbis cduneba 

gaeRviZebina. magram mSierTaTvis xom erTi puric sakmarisia, 

amitom qristem arc mousmina mas~. 

4;3; xolo iesom miugo da hrqua: weril ars, rameTu ara 

puriTa xolo cxovndebis kaci, aramed yovliTa sityviTa, 

romeli gamovals pirisagan RmrTisa~. 

4;3; es damowmeba Zveli aRTqmidanaa amoRebuli da igi 

moses ekuTvnis. ebraelebi mananiT ikvebebodnen, rac puri 

ar iyo. magram maT yovelgvar moTxovnilebas akmayofilebda, 

radgan igi yvelaferi iyo imisda mixedviT, visac risi Wama 

moesurveboda Tevzis, kvercxisa Tu yvelisa~. 

netari Teofilaqte bulgareli `maTes saxarebis 

ganmarteba~. 

me Segnebulad moviyvane netari Teofilaqte bulgarelis 

komentarebi, raTa axalgazrda mkiTxvelma kargad gaiazros 

Tu ramdenad rTulia eSmakis mier qristes sacTuneblad 

warmoTqmuli kiTxva `qvis purad qcevi~-sa, razedac piesaSia 

saubari. 

upirvelesad unda gulisxmavyoT, rom `qvis purad qcevis~ 

cTuneba eSmakisagan, mas Semdeg moxda miwier samyaroSi, 

rac RmerTma Tavisi Ze moavlina kacTa gamosaxsnelad dedamiwaze; 

Cveni eris winamZRvari, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II 

wers: 

`TviT ufali ase ganmartavs qveynad Tavis movlinebis 

mizans: esreT Seiyuara RmerTman sofeli ese, viTaremed, Zeca 

Tvsi mxolodSobili mosca mas, raiTa yovelsa, romelsa 

hrwmenes igi, ara warwymdes, aramed aqundes cxovrebai saukunoi 

(ioane 3;16) 

gonebisaTvis miuwvdomeli am msxverplis wyalobiT ganqarda 

zRude RmerTsa da kacs Soris, adamians kvlav ganeRo 

samoTxis kari, gamoCnda gza maradiuli cxovrebisaken~. 

ilia II saSobao epistole 213 gv. 

1983-1984 ww. 

magram vidre am cTunebis sazriss ganvixilavT da ganvmartavT, 

unda gavixsenoT, rom mas win uZRoda adamis dacema 

da gamoZeveba samoTxidan. amis Sesaxeb, saintereso da Rrma 

wigni mogvepoveba, es aris baton z. kiknaZis 60 wigni: `saubrebi 

bibliaze~; 

ai, misgan ramodenime amonaridi: 

ìdealuri azriT, adami Seiqmna RvTis `xatad, msgavsebad~, 

magram is gamoisaxa mokvdavi materiisgan, rogorc ukvdavi 

ideis xorcSesxma; sicocxlis sunTqvam (igive ruax elohim 

`suli RvTisa~) cocxal arsebad aqcia adami, romlis saxeli 

`miwis~ saxels (adamah) ukavSirdeba. imave sulma, romelic 

wylis bnel ufskrulebze dabudrebuli `Cekavda~ samyaros, 

Seqmna adami sulier arsebad... 

...(RvTis xatad da msgavsebad Seqmna, kerZod, imas niSnavs, 

rom adami Seiqmna Tavisufal arsebad, Tavisufali nebis myofelad 

da Semoqmedad msgavsad Tavisi gamCenisa. adamis maRal 

adgilze RvTis gaCenil samyaroSi mowmobs misi adgil-samyofeli, 

romelic mas gamCenma miuCina. ùfalma RmerTma baRi 

gaaSena edemSi, aRmosavleTSi, da dasva iq adami, romelic 

gamosaxa~) (dab. 2,8). 

àiyvana ufalma RmerTma adami da daasaxla edemis baRSi 

mis dasamuSaveblad da dasacavad~ (dab. 2,15) `daasaxla edemis 

baRSi mis dasamuSaveblad da mis dasacavad~ ar gulisxmobs 

252 253

salukmapuro Sromas, imgvar muSakobas, romelic mouxda adams 

edemis karibWis gareT _ wuTisofelSi~... 

edemi qveynierebis Sauguli iyo, xolo am Saugulis 

SuagulSi izrdeboda ori xe _ `xe sicocxlisa~ (anu ukvdavebisa) 

da `xe keTilisa da borotis Secnobisa~. mTeli edemis 

baRi misi nayofebiTurT ekuTvnoda adams da evas. kacobriobis 

pirvel wyvils micemuli hqonda ufleba yoveli nayofis 

gemos xilvisa, garda erTisa, romlis Wamasac ukrZalavda 

RmerTi... `gaafrTxila ufalma RmerTma adami da uTxra: yvela 

xis nayofi geWmeva am baRSi. mxolod keTilisa da borotis 

Secnobis xis nayofi ar SeWamoT, radgan, rogorc ki SeWam, 

mokvdebi~ (dab. 2, 16-7). adams unda SeeWama ukvdavebis xis 

nayofi, rom ukvdavi yofiliyo edemis baRSi; ukvdavebis xili 

unda yofiliyo misi erTaderTi sazrdeli, misi fizikursulieri 

simrTelis wyaro. magram iswrafa gvelma da misi 

SegonebiT man meore xis nayofi airCia da mokvda. adami ara 

imdenad imis mizeziT mokvda, rom `sikeTisa da borotebis 

Secnobis xis~ nayofi SeWama, aramed ufro im mizeziT, rom 

ver moaswro ukvdavebis nayofis SeWma. 

`sikeTisa da borotebis~ nayofis gemosxilvam arsebiTad 

Secvala adamis buneba. `dauZaxa ufalma RmerTma adams da 

uTxra: adam, sada xar? miugo: Seni xma Semomesma baRSi da 

SemeSinda, SiSveli rom var, da davimale. uTxra (RmerTma): 

vin giTxra, SiSveli rom xar? im xis nayofi xom ar giWamia, 

me rom agikrZale?~ (dab. 3,9-11). adams Tvali ki aexila, 

rogorc gveli hpirdeboda, magram ra ixila, garda Tavisi 

siSiSvlisa; adamma dakarga ubiwoeba, bunebis uSualo gancda. 

misma axelilma Tvalma ixila, ufro sworad, Seqmna sikeTed da 

borotebad gaxleCili sinamdvile, rogorc surda yofiliyo 

samyaro kacobriobis mters, gvelis saxiT gamocxadebuls. 

kidec rom ar gandevniliyo adami edemidan, mas ukve dakarguli 

hqonda edemSi cxovrebis Zala. is ukve iyo naklovani 

arseba, romelic aRar Seesabameboda edemis srulyofilebas. 

àexilaT Tvali orives da mixvdnen, rom SiSvelni iyvnen. 

Sekeres leRvis foTlebi da ardagebi gaikeTes~ (dab. 3,7). 

biblia mogviTxrobs ori adamis _ samoTxeSi myofis da 

samoTxidan gandevnili adamis ambavs. samoTxis adams, erTi 

arabibliuri Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, naTlis samoseli emosa, 

romelic aexada akrZaluli nayofis gemosxilvis Semdeg. amrigad, 

is fizikuradac Seicvala, naTeli mis sxeulSi bnelma 

Secvala: `gaukeTa ufalma adams da mis dedakacs tyavis 

samoseli da Semosa~ (dab. 3,21). aq miniSnebulia edemidan 

gandevnili adamis fizikuri saxecvlileba _ es niSani misi 

`tyavis samoselia~. 

ukvdavis Seqmnili adami da eva Tavadac ukvdavni unda 

yofiliyvnen, magram maT im nayofis gemosxilviT TavianT bunebaSi 

mokles is, rac ukvdavebis matarebeli iyo. amieridan, 

Tuki isini Seqmniden rasme an Sobdnen, maTi gaCenili mxolod 

mokvdavi SeiZleba yofiliyo~. 

z. kiknaZe `saubrebi bibliaze~ gv. 16-17-18; 

meoregan Teofilaqte bulgareli, udabnoSi eSmakisgan 

qristes gamocdis Sesaxeb ase wers: 

_ 4.11. `sami cTuneba daTrguna ufalma: gemoTmoyvareoba, 

pativmoyvareoba da swrafva simdidrisaken anu angarebis siyvaruli. 

swored esenia vnebaTagan mTavarni, maSasadame, Tu 

maT daZlev, gacilebiT iolad daamarcxeb danarCenebsac~. 

netari Teofilaqte bulgareli `maTes saxarebis 

ganmarteba~. 

exla ki, me moviyvan amonaridebs dostoevskis romanidan 

`Zmebi karamazovebi~-dan. didi rusi mwerlis genialurobis 

gasaRebi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom misTvis kacobriobis istoriis 

Rrmad dafaruli sazrisi Zveli da axali aRTqmis 

teqstebSia daunjebuli. man, udabnoSi eSmakisgan iesos gamocdis 

`genialuri gaazreba warmoadgina romanis me-5 TavSi 

`didi inkvizitori~. 

_ `Ибо в этих трех вопросах как бы совокуплена в одно целое 

и предсказана вся дальнейшая история человеческая и явлены 

три образа, в которых сойдутся все неразрешимые исторические 

254 255

противоречия человеческой природы на всей земле. Тогда это 

не могло быть еще так видно, ибо будущее было неведомо, но 

теперь, когда прошло пятнадцать веков, мы видим, что все в 

этих трех вопросах до того угадано и предсказано и до того 

оправдалось, что прибавить к ним или убавить от них ничего 

нельзя более более~ 

Ф. Достоевский, `Братья Карамазовы~ стр. 277. 

qriste modis dedamiwaze, raTa jojoxeTSi Cavardnili 

adami gamoixsnas. amisTvis gankacda da igi adamianuri bunebiT 

Seimosa, raTa miiRos tkivilis is simware da simuxTle, rac 

adamianuri bunebis Tvisebaa, da RvTaebrivi bunebisTvis ki 

ucxo da miuRebeli. 

magram, isev da isev Cvens gulSi gaxmiandeba mtanjveli 

kiTxva: 

_ ratom ar iRebs ufali am cTunebas? 

aki, rogorc ukve moviyvane netari Teofilaqte bulgareli 

Tavis ganmartebaSi brZanebs, rom raSic ar unda daugdo 

yuri eSmaks _ ukve codvaa. 

magram yvelaze mniSvnelovani albaT dostoevskis `did 

inkvizitorSi~ is aris, rom `qvis purad qcevas~ is ukavSirebs 

adamianis mTavar did Rirebulebas _ Tavisufal nebas. 

aki, wmida mamebi ase weren: 

`...adamiani ara Tu xilul qmnilebebze ufro aRmatebuli 

da Rirebulia, aramed uxilav sulier qmnilebebzec, anu 

RmerTis msaxur sulebze, angelozebzec ki rameTu miqael da 

gabriel mTavarangelozebzec ki ar brZana Semoqmedma RmerTma 

Cvens xatad da msgavsad SevqmnaTo (dab. 1-26), aramed mxolod 

adamianis gonier arsebaze _ mis ukvdav gonier sulze Tqva 

ase...~ 

wmida makari didi, egvipteli61 . 

`RmerTma adamians Tavisufali neba mianiWa, radgan mas 

roboti ki ar sWirdeboda, aramed namdvili srulyofili 

arseba~ 

wmida petre damaskeli. 

kacobriobis boroti suli, romelsac f. dostoevski 

uwodebs `saSinel da gonier suls~, `TviTganadgurebisa 

da aryofnis suls~ f. dostoevski `Zmeb karamazovebSi~ ase 

mimarTavs ufals Cvensas, ieso qristes: 

_ `К чему же теперь пришел нам мешать?~ 

anu, isev ganvmeordebi, is ambobs: 

_ Sen moxvedi, raTa adamians Tavisufali neba mianiWo, 

msgavsad RmerTis xatisas. 

da am saubarSi gamokrTeba, Tu raoden didi iyo cTuneba 

da ra saSineli Sedegi mohyveboda mas. 

Sedegis warmosaxva SesaZlebelia, ufro naTlad, roca 

Teofilaqte bulgareli Tavis komentarebSi, aseT ganmartebas 

ukeTebs im adgils, sadac qriste jvars acves: 

27. 33-37. 

`Txemis adgili imitom ewodeba im adgils, rom gadmocemis 

mixedviT, iq iyo dakrZaluli adami: rogorc adamTan Cven 

yvela movkvdiT, ise unda gavcocxldeT qristesTan~. 


gv. 256. 

gavcocxldebiT qristesTan erTad, anu Tavisuflebas 

movipovebT. aki, pavle mociquli wers: _ ùfali sulia, 

xolo sadac aris suli uflisa, iq Tavisuflebaa~ (2 korin. 

3;17). 

dostoevskis naweri srulyofili axsnaa am sakiTxisa. ai 

rogor mimarTavs eSmas romanSi `didi inkvizitori~ iesos: 

`... Ибо ничего и никогда не было для человека и для 

человеческого общества невыносимее свободы! А видишь ли 

сии камни в этой накой раскаленной пустыне? обрати их в 

хлеба, и за тобой побежит человечество как стадо, благодарное и 

послушное, хотя и вечно трепещущее, что ты отымень руку свою 

и прекратится им хлеба твой~ Но ты не захотел лишить человека 

сводобы и отверг предложение, ибо какая же свобода, рассудил 

256 257

ты, если послушание куплено хлебами? Ты возразил, что человек 

жив не единым хлебом, но знаешь ли, что во имя этого самого 

хлеба земного и восстанет на тебя дух земли и сразится с тобою, 

и победит тебя, и все пойдут за ним,... 

...пройдут века и человечество превозгласит устами своей 

премудрости и науки, что преступления нет, а стало быть, нет и 

греха, а есть только голодные~. 

Ф. Достоевский `Братья Карамазовы~ 277 стр. 

dostoevskis, `didi inkvizitori~-dan mxolod im amonaridebs 

moviyvan, romelic dagvexmareba, piesaSi dasmuli 

Temebis gasarkvevad; 

aqedan umTavresia, es sityvebi: 

`... ты забыл, что спокойствие и даже смерть человеку 

дороже свободного выбора в познании добра и зла? нет ничего 

обольстительнее для человека, как свобода его совести, но нет 

ничего и мучительнее~. 


Tavzardamcemia am teqstis kiTxva, radgan ar SeiZleba ar 

vicnoT Tanadrouli samyaros cTomani da saSiSi gzebi. da me 

moviyvan isev ramodenime fragments: 

`Никакая наука не дает им хлеба, и пока они будут оставаться 

сводобными, но кончится тем, что они принесут свою свободу к 

ногам нашим и скажут нам: `Лучше поработите нас, но накормите 

нас~. 


ai, meore winaswarmetyveleba am cTomili samyarosi: 

`И И если за тобою во имя хлеба небесного пойдут тысячи и 

десятки тысяч, то что станется с миллионами и с десятками тысяч 

миллионов существ, которые не в силах будут пренебречь хлебом 

земным для небесного? Иль тебе дороги лишь десятки тысяч 

великих и сильных, а остальные милионны, многочисленные, 

как песок морской, слабых, но любящих тебя, должны лишь 

послужить материалом для великих и сильных? Нет, нам дороги 

и слабые... слабые...~ 


magram me ase davsvamdi kiTxvas: 

_ SegviZlia ki vTqvaT, rom Tanamedrove, cTomil samyaroSi 

`qva ar iqca purad?~ 

adamiani Tavisi Tavisufali nebis meoxebiT, mudam da 

yovel wams samyaros winaSe warsdgeba, da ase is Tavisi Tavis 

arCeviTa da dafuZnebiTá is irCevs, im samyaros, romelSic 

myofobs, anu is pasuxismgebelia erTnairad, rogorc Tavis 

Tavze, aseve im samyaroze, romelSic myofobs, _ rac misi 

arCevanis Sedegia. 

amaze araerTi filosofosi werda, maT Soris am Temas 

yvelaze metad gamokveTdnen monteni da Sopenhaueri 62 da amtkicebdnen, 

rom adamiani cxovrobs ara obieqturad mocemul 

samyaroSi, rogorc es Cveulebriv saR gonebas warmoudgenia, 

aramed is cxovrobs Tavis mier arCeul, zogi ambobs warmosaxul 

samyaroSi. 

_ da ra xdeba Tanamedrove, cTomil samyaroSi? 

yvelaze Tavzardamcemia miwieri samyarosadmi monoba, rac 

imaSi gamoixateba, rom xdeba nebismieri survilis myisieri aRsruleba 

sinanulis gareSe. da es gzavnili igzavneba msoflio 

xatis, _ televiziis meSveobiT yovel wams Tu ara, yovel 

saaTs kacobriobis yvela kuTxeSi. am msoflio xatma-televiziam 

udidesi roli Seasrules, raTa ise dapataravebuliyo 

msoflio, rogorc amas iaspersi wers, rom igi romze ufro 

patarad qceuliyo. 

ras niSnavs es? 

iqneb imas, rom adamiani erTnairad SeiZleba iqces marTvadi, 

_ am èrTnairad~ dapataravebul msoflioSi? 

da am èrTnairad~ dapataravebuli msoflios, cTomili 

samyaros udidesi Secodebaa, misi sulieri siZabune da gonebis 

dabindva, radgan is, Tavisufali nebis gaigivebas axdens 

nebismieri survilis aRsrulebasTan. 

es gzavnili yovel saaTs sareklamo rgolebis meSveobiT 

258 259

igzavneba Tanamedrove samyaroSi da daTrgunuli adamiani 

Tanadroul pulsacias adevnebuli da dabrmavebuli miuyveba 

am mcdar gzas. 

piesaSi `xelovanis gza~ aRiwereba, Tu rogor ebmis erTmaneTs 

Tanadrouli samyaros simbolos, teqnikis monapovars anu 

nebismieri sagans Tavisufali nebis dakargva. amis simboluri 

gamoxatulebaa scenaze dakidebul purebs Soris Tanamedrove 

adamianis gamomxatavi sagnebis ganfenaa. 

Tanamedrove moralistebi wignebs aRar qmnian, maTi maqsimebi 

ilustraciebis meSveobiT udidess zemoqmedebas axdenen 

kacobriobaze _ maTi mTeli `Zalisxmeva~ ki iqiTken aris 

mimarTuli, raTa Tavisufali nebis gaigiveba moaxdinon myisierad 

aRsrulebul survilTan. mag. amis saukeTeso nimuSia 

qarTul satelevizio sivrceSi _ sasmel `spraitis~ reklama. 

Tumca `spraitis~ boTls rqebi ar mouCans, magram reklamaSi 

sityva-sityviT imeoreben eSmakis sityvebs: 

miende wyurvilis gemos da Sen Tavisufali iqnebi. 

isini, Tanamedrove moralistebi imaze muSaoben, raTa adamianis 

nebisyofa moadunon da gonis nacvlad vnebebiT savse 

skivri usaxsovron. 

am moralistebis `didi muSaobis Sedegad~ adamians aRar 

rcxvenia imisa, rom mas ara aqvs nebisyofa da Tu is mas 

ìyidis~. Tumca es SeuZlebelia da am sazareli iluziiT 

yoveldRe xdeba misi, Tanamedrove adamianis dapureba. 

mag: is yidulobs sigaretis gadagdebis meTods, _ rac 

misi nebisyofis ukugdebiT moxerxdeba. amiT, is vnebaTagan 

erT-erT yvelaze saSiSs _ gemoTmoyvareobas ejaWveba yovelgvari 

moridebisa da uxerxulobis gareSe. 

ase xdeba Tanamedrove adamianis nebisyofisa da Zalis 

Sesyidva, sanacvlod ki mas vnebebiT savse yuTs Cuqnis, _ 

Tanamedrove inkvizitoris gzavnils. 

Tumca piesaSi, _ sakiTxi xelovnebis warmosaxviT samyaroSi 

xdeba. yvela Temas rom Sevexo da avxsna, amisaTvis 

sul cota ori wignis dawera damWirdeba. 

yuradRebas iqcevs inkvizitoris siityvebi, romelic 

aRrevas axdens sityvebisa da azrisa. is, Tavisi bunebidan 

gamomdinare cils swamebs ufals da surs masze keTilad 

mogvaCvenos Tavi. TiTqos mas ufro metad ecodeba adamiani, 

vidre RmerTs da viTomcda amisTvis surs qvis purad qceva 

anu sustebisa da uZlurTa dapureba. 

radgan adamianTa umravlesoba misi azriT aris susti, 

uZluri da arc ZaluZs aitanos tanjva da ar ZaluZs daTmena. 

amiT eSma aRiarebs, Tavis mTavar azrs, rom adamianTa 

umravlesoba ganwirulia iyos misi msaxuri. 

f. dostoevskis sazareli da Tavzardamcemi winaswarmetyveleba 

axda. literaturaSi es aisaxa imiT, rom man Tavis 

`gmirad~ _ àntigmiri~ gamoiyvana. is, vinc erTaderT 

Rirsebad yofierebis, vnebebisadmi monobasa da amis gulwrfel 

aRiarebas sTvlis. es gulwrfeloba sulac ar niSnavs, rom 

is emzadeba sinanulis kibeze aRsavlelad. ara, es carieli, 

uwonado aRiarebaa, riTac aRsarebis udidesi mniSvneloba 

man kacobriobisda savalalod uwonadod aqcia. XX saukunis 

yvelaze didi aRsareba es a. kamius `dacema~-a. 

da ratom aris es SesaZlebeli? 

me aq moviyvan isev da isev Rrmad morwmune n. berdiaevis 

sityvebs, _ riTac davasruleb komentars _ Tumca sinamdvileSi 

problemasa da Temebs mxolod nawilobriv Sevexe. 

n. berdiaevi ase wers: 

`Почему возможна трагедия познания, почему свет Логоса 

не всегда освещает познавательный путь человека как существа 

духовного, превышающего мир?~ 

Н. Бердяев. `Царство духа и царство Кесаря~. 291 стр. 

da iqve, is pasuxobs am kiTxvas: 

Познание не есть только интеллектуальный процесс, в нем 

действуют все силы человека, волевое избрание, притяжение и 

отталкивание от истины~ 

Н. Бердяев `Царство духа и царство Кесаря~ стр. 291. 

260 261


ìs naTlis angelozs emsgavseba! 

da wyvdiad RameSi mosCans suli! 

sulis moZraoba! sulis gza! 

suli aravisa da arafers, rom ara hgavs!! 


m. haidegeri aseT interpretacias gvTavazobs: 

_ `Áûòü ïîýòîì â ñêóäíîå âðåìÿ _ çíà÷èò, âîñïåâàÿ, 

óêàçûâàòü íà ñëåä óøåäøèõ Áîãîâ. Ïîýòîìó-òî âî âðåìÿ 

ìèðîâîé íî÷è ïîýò ñêàçûâàåò Ñâÿùåííîå. Âîò ïî÷åìó 

ìèðîâàÿ íî÷ü ó Ã¸ëüäåðëèíà _ ñâÿùåííàÿ íî÷ü~. 

Ì. Õàéäåããåð, `Ïåòü _ äëÿ ÷åãî~, ñòð. 184. 

magram, is rasac haidegeri uwodebs ñâÿùåííàÿ íî÷ü _ aris 

naTlis angelozis moCvenebiTi saxidan warmomdgari,- iluzia 

wmindaTawminda naTebisa. am sazarel droebaSi, is aRiwereba, 

rogorc RvTaebrivi cialisa da naTelis gamqrali kvali. 

da rac niSneulia zogierTi Tanamedrove egzistencialistebis 

nawerebSic, `naTlis angelozis~ cru gamonaTeba krTeba, 

sadac RvTaebrivi xmis mosmena, an gamonaTeba _ yofierebis 

CarCoSi Camwyvdeuli aRiwereba. cxadia, aq upirvelesad haidegerisa 

da iaspersis filosofias moviazreb. 

nikoloz berdiaevi mkacrad da odnavi ironiiT wers: 

_ `Ñîâåðøåííî íåïîíÿòíî, êàê ÷åëîâåê Dasein (munyofierebis) 

ìîæåò âîçâûñèòüñÿ íàä íèçîñòüþ ìèðà, âûéòè èç 

öàðñòâà Das man~ 

Í. Áåðäÿåâ `Öàðñòâî äóõà è öàðñòâî êåñàðÿ~, 291 ñòð. 

da iqve daamatebs: 

`Äëÿ ýòîãî â ÷åëîâåêå äîëæíî áûòü âûñøåå íà÷àëî, 

âîçâûøàþùåå åãî íàä äàííîñòüþ ìèðà, ýêçèñòåíöèàëèñòû 

àíòèðåëèãèîçíîãî òèïà òàê íèçêî ìûñëÿò î ÷åëîâåêå, 

òàê ïîíèìàþò åãî èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ñíèçó, ÷òî îñòàåòñÿ 

íåïîíÿòíûì ñàìîå âîçíèêíîâåíèå ïðîáëåìû ïîçíàíèÿ, 

âîçãîðåíèå ñâåòà Èñòèíû~. 

Í. Áåðäÿåâ, `Öàðñòâî äóõà è öàðñòâà Êåñàðÿ~, 291 ñòð. 

80. piesis komentarebi: 

me Semiyvarda samyaros wyvdiadiT mosili Rame 

avadoba am epoqisa, 

da ganZarcvuli suli. 

romlis samoseli 

sazarelma qariSxalma miitaca, 


emanuelo godebs, radgan is codvad miiTvlis wyvdiadiT 

mosili Ramis siyvaruls da roca, martin haidegeri cdilobs 

aRweros es `wyvdiadiT mosili Rame~, is aseT interpretacias 

gvTavazobs: 

`dgeba saRamo, mas Semdeg rac `samni SeTanxmebulni~ _ 

heraklem, dionisem da qristem datoves dedamiwis samyaro, 

saRamo Ramisken gadaixreba~. 

logikuri wakiTxvis SemweobiT Cven SeiZleba ukeTes 

SemTxvevaSi paradoqsi aRmovaCinoT, an, ubralod sityvaTa 

Jonglioroba. 

magram es sityvebi iseTi profetis mier iwereba, rogorc 

magaliTad heraklitea. da Cven asociaciiT, gagvaxsendeba misi 

cnobili fraza: 

`mze ara marto marad axalia, aramed maradRe axalic~. 

es fraza migvaxvedrebs, rom heraklite da haidegeri Tumca 

erTdaigive instrumentze ukravs, magram sxvadasxva musikas. 

mivaqcioT yuradReba, rom haidegerTan msoflio Ramis 

daRameba unda ganvicadoT ara rogorc raRac totaluroba, 

romelic erTbaSad gveZleva, aramed msoflio Rame unda ganvicadoT, 

rogorc yoveli wamis, sazareli wamis saukuned 

qceva. 

_ es niSnavs, rom msoflio Rame Ramisken gadaixreba. am 

sazarel daRamebas, Tavzardamcemad ganicdis emanuelo; da is 

monawile xdeba haidegeris sityvebis: 

_ `msoflio Rame ufro da ufro ganavrcobs mrume wyvdiwyvdi- ads~. 

aq ukve azri gonebis sicxadiT ki aRar iwereba, radgan 

262 263

Cven wminda musikis sferoSi gadavdivarT da vismenT godebas, 

romelic RvTaebrivis ganqrobisgan mogvrili didi tkivilisgan 

moedineba. cxadia, filosofia aq Tavis sazRvrebidanaa 

gasuli da ase iqceva is, im filosofiad, romelzedac 

platoni ocnebobda: dauwereli teqstis filosofiad. aq 

epoqis is avadoba aRiwereba, romlis aRsawerad tarkovski 

àpokalifsis~ am fragments airCevs: 

`netar ars, romeli ikiTxvides da romelni ismenden sityuaTa 

amis winaswarmetyuelebisaTa da daimarxon, ra igi mas 

Sina weril ars, rameTu Jami axlo ars~ (gam. 1, 3), rasac 

a. tarkovski aseT komentars ukeTebs: 

_ `magram Cven ar viciT da ar SegviZlia vTqvaT, rodis mova 

es dro da ranairad aris igi àxlos~, _ es Cven ar viciT. 

es SeiZleba moxdes xval, an aTasi wlis Semdeg da swored 

masSi vpoulobT adamianis mTel sazriss, adamianisa, romelic 

iRebs pasuxismgeblobas Tavis cxovrebasa da qmedebaze~. 

a. tarkovski àpokalifsi~ mTargmn. d. akriani, gv. 201. 

m. haidegeri, Tavis genialur reqviemSi igulisxmeba _ 

`risTvis vimRero?~ ase wers: 

_ ès dro daRdasmulia RmerTis armosvliT (Zvel qar- 

Tulad es ase iTqmis _ `piraSkmuloba RvTisa~), misi imedgacruebiT~. 

da m. haidegeri ase agrZelebs: 

_ `... RmerTis imedgacrueba niSnavs, rom araviTar RmerTs 

ukve aRar ZaluZs saCinod da ase fxizlad Semoikribos Tavis 

irgvliv adamianebi da sagnebi, radgan am SemokrebiT msoflio 

istorias ver aqcevs erTis harmoniad da cxadia, am msoflioSi 

adamianis myofoba veRar Caiwereba~. 

m. haidegeri _ `risTvis vimRero?~ Targm. rus. J. siraZe. 

emanuelos àvadoba~ _ `RmerTis wasvlaze mianiSnebs~, 

Tumca rom mas Seuyvarda `wyvdiadiT mosili Rame~ _ es 

niSnavs, rom RmerTis wasvla, misi droebis es avadoba, mis 

bedTan aris gadajaWvuli da man, rogorc xelovanma unda 

gaiazros, gadalaxos da iwvdomos am avadobis simZime. 

exla ki mivadeqiT yvelaze rTul sakiTxs: 

`da ganZarcvuli suli 

romlis samoseli 

sazarelma qariSxalma miitaca~. 

J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~ 

es metismetad rTuli pasaJia. ganZarcvuli suli im avadmyofi 

epoqis pirmSoa, raSidac emanuelo daeWvda da es iWvi 

ukve misi danaSaulia, radgan am iWvSi ido mamis uaryofac 

da misi sikvdilic. 

ganZarcvuli suli _ es igavmiuwvdomeli xilvaa sulisa, 

im sulisa, romelic Tanamedrove avadmyofi epoqis SekveTiT 

axerxebs jer orad gaixliCos da romelSic TiTqosda sikeTisa 

da borotebis ganyofa ar xdeba da ufro metic viTomcda 

RvTaebrivis gonmiuwvdom naTebaSi maTi ganqvroba mimdinareobs, 

rogorc es magaliTad, fr. nicSes am frazaSi: 

_ `Ñòûäèòüñÿ ñâîåé áåçíðàâñòâåííîñòè _ ýòî îäíî èç 

ñòóïåíåé òîé ëåñòíèöû, íà âåðøèíå êîòîðîé ñòûäÿòñÿ òàêæå 

ñâîåé íðàâñòâåííîñòè~. 

Ôð. Íèöøå, `Ïî òó ñòîðîíó äîáðà è çëà~, ñòð. 295 

sartric63 cdilobs am mdgomareobis aRweras, magram ufro 

ugergilod: 

`Òðåâîãà åñòü, äàæå åñëè åå ñêðûâàþò~. 

Semiyvarda samyaros wyvdiadiT mosili Rame _ Semiyvarda, 

imasac niSnavs, rom xelovani Tavis droebazea Seyvarebuli, da 

mijaWvuli, radgan es misi bedisweraa. is, Tavisi sulismieri 

gziT, Tavisi xat-saxeebiT asaxavs Tavis droebas, Tavis epoqas. 

epoqa _ aris misi samoseli, _ anu yvelaferi, rac iTqmis 

xelovanis mier, nasazrdoebia misive cxovrebidan. 

sazareli qariSxali _ is Tavzardamcemi movlenaa, romelsac 

n. berdiaevi aRwers, rogorc xelovani da filosofi: 

_ `... sul erTianad gamqrala mziT gasxivosnebuli sicocxlis 

sixaruli. zamTris kosmiur qartexils erTianad 

Camouglejia yvelafrisTvis safarveli... uxrwneli silamazis 

264 265

xatebad movlenili erTiani sxeuli daSlila, danawevrebula 

da geCveneba, rom aRarasodes dadgeba kosmiuri gazafxuli... 

TiTqos pikasoseuli saSineli zamTris Semdeg samyaro verasodes 

ayvavildeba ise, rogorc es xdeboda adre...~ 

n. berdiaevi. `xelovnebis krizisi~. gv. 189. 

roca m. haidegeris filosifias ganixilavda, erTi komentatori 

ase werda: 

– `ñòðóêòóðó ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî áûòèÿ â åå öåëîñíîñòè 

Õàéäåããåð îáîçíà÷àåò êàê `çàáîòó~. Îíà ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé 

åäèíñòâî òðåõ ìîìåíòîâ: ìîìåíòîâ 

1. áûòèå _ в мире 

2. Çàáåãàíèÿ âïåðåä 

3. Áûòèÿ ïðè âíóòðèìèðîâîé ñóùåì. 

`Ñîâðåìåííàÿ Ñîâðåìåííàÿ áóðæóàçíàÿ ôèëîñîôèÿ~ ôèëîñîôèÿ ñòð. 292. 

da me TviToeul momentTan haidegeris `samni SeTanxmebuli~-s 

saxeli davwere: 

1. dionise 2 _ herakle, 3 _ ieso qriste. 

81. piesis komentari: 

me Semiyvarda filosofosi da poeti, 

datanjuli da mocaxcaxe 

radgan, iq dadga 

sadac arafris gamoTqma ar SeiZleba 

da vixileT qmnadobis procesi 

_ mzis Riaoba 

_ da azris azri 

_ azri _ aravis da arafers, rom ara hgavs, 

_ grZnoba _ aravisa da arafers, rom ara hgavs~ 


am strofis gasagebad, me moviSvelieb hiordelinis Semoqmedebas. 

mis SemoqmedebaSi _ ìq dadgoma~, anu kaSkaSa mzis 

sicxadis pirispir warsdgoma imiT dasrulda, rom hiordelinis 

bavSvuri miamitobiTa da gasaocari sinaziT mosilma 

diadma sulma ver miiRo saukunis avadoba, _ da rogorc 

m. haidegeri wers: 

_ `... is sigiJem moicva da dedis saxlSi brundeba~ 

da ai, ras wers igi (hiordelini) Tavad: 

_ `Zlevamosili stiqioni, cecxli zecisa da adamianTa 

simSvide, maTi SezRuduloba da kmayofileba yovelTvis 

mTrgunavda da rogorc gmirebze amboben xolme Semdeg, mec 

SemiZlia vTqva: 

_ àpolonma mZlia da damca~. (xazgasma Cemia _ J. siraZe) 

da ukve haidegeri aRwers _ ìq dgomas~, _ sadac arafris 

gamoTqma ar SeiZleba. 

`Warbma naTelma wyvdiadSi Caagdo poeti~, _ magram haidegeri 

araswor interpretacias gvTavazobs, roca aseT kiTxvas 

svams: 

`kidev raime sabuTia saWiro imis saCveneblad, rom misi 

saqmianoba saSiSia~, m. haidegeri `hiordelini da poeziis 

arsi~ mTargmn. n. gelaSvili. gv. 245 

ueWvelia, rom, poetis Semoqmedeba saSiSia, SeiZleba iTqvas, 

Tavzardamcemic, magram hiordelini xom haidegerisTvis aris 

bedisweris mier, erTdroulad gamorCeuli da ganwiruli 

poeti, romelzedac Tavad haidegeri wers: 

_ `poezia hiordelinisa aRbeWdilia poeturi mowodebiT 

_ sakuTriv Semoimoqmedos poeziis arsi. 

... magram poetis Sesaxeb poeturi Semoqmedeba gana ar aris 

niSani gzaSemcdari TviTasaxvisa da amave dros gamotydoma 

samyarouli sisavsis arqonaSi?~. 

m. haidegeri `hiordelini da poeziis arsi~ Targmn. n. 

gelaSvili. 

berw droSi poeti veRar qmnis, radgan misi unayofobis 

mizezi misi daeWvebaa Tavad SemoqmedebiT procesSi, _ Cems 

piesaSi es ase iTqmis: 

`mzis Riaoba 

da azris azri 

266 267

azri, _ aravisa da arafers, rom ara hgavs. 

grZnoba _ aravisa da arafers, rom ara hgavs~. 

J. siraZe. `xelovanis gza~ gv. 84. 

amitomac am dros poeti miubrundeba Tavad SemoqmedebiT 

process da mis kvlevas awarmoebas. 

es niSnavs, rom is, mzis sicxades usworebs Tvals, anu 

STagonebis igavmiuwvdomel gzaSi ìmzireba~ an, masze wers. 

ai, ras vkiTxulobT martin haidegeris esse-Si: 

`Ñóùíîñòè ïîýòà, èñòèííîãî ïîýòà â òàêîå âðåìÿ ìèðà, 

ñâîéñòâåííî òî, ÷òî èç âñåé ñêóäíîñòè âðåìåíè òâîð÷åñêèì 

âîïðîñîì äëÿ íåãî ñòàíîâèòüñÿ ïðåæäå âñåãî ïîýòè÷åñêîå 

òâîð÷åñòâî è ïðèçâàíèå ïîýòà~. 

Ì. Õàéäåããåð, `Ïåòü _ äëÿ ÷åãî?~ 184 ñòð. 

da Semdeg haidegeri agrZelebs: 

`Áûòü ïîýòîì â ñêóäíîå âðåìÿ _ çíà÷èò âîñïåâàÿ, 

óêàçûâàòü íà ñëåä óøåäøèõ áîãîâ. Ïîòîìó-òî âî âðåìÿ 

ìèðîâîé íî÷è ïîýò ñêàçûâàåò Ñâÿùåííîå. Âîò ïî÷åìó 

ìèðîâàÿ íî÷ü ó Ã¸ëüäåðëèíà _ ñâÿùåííàÿ íî÷ü.~ 

М. Хаидеггер `Ïåòü – äëÿ ÷åãî?~ 184 ñòð. 

magram Cven yuradRebas ipyrobs da Semdeg gvaforiaqebs 

Tavad is faqti, rom SemoqmedebiTi procesis kvleva, _ STagonebaSi 

Camzera, _ uciloblad ukavSirdeba wasul RmerTebs 

da maT mier datovebul nakvalevs. 

erTis SexedviT haidegeris moyvanili sityvebi: 

_ `poeturad cxovreba niSnavs RmerTTan pirispir dgomasa 

da saganTa arsis siaxloviT gaTangulobas. `poeturia~ 

yofiereba Tavis safuZvelSi, amave dros niSnavs: rogorc 

daarsebuli is damsaxureba ki ara, saCuqaria~. 

m. haidegeri, `hiordelini da poeziis arsi~, 243 gv. 

mTargmn. n. gelaSvili. 

berw droSi moqceul poets esadageba es sityvebi, Tu 

ubralod es Secdomaa? radgan, rogorc TviTon aRniSnavs 

jer erTi: poeturad cxovreba niSnavs RmerTTan pirispir 

dgomas. 

magram cxadia, berw droSi es ver ganxorcieldeba, radgan 

Tumca gajiutebuli da uazrod gaxevebuli poeti dgeba 

kaSkaSa mzis sicxadis winaSe. magram mowiwebisa da kdemis 

gareSe RmerTi ar midis poetTan da es ver gansruldeba da 

wasuli RmerTis nakvalevi da misi diadi naTeba abrmavebs 

hiordelins. 

arc saganTa arsis siaxloviT gaTanguloba gveZleva, _ 

radgan didi sagnebi gaurbian im adamians, vinc locvis da 

mowiwebis gareSe bedavs maTTan miaxlebas, vinc eZiebs anu 

manamde ar irwmuna, vidre ar ixila. 

hiordelinze (miuxedavad imisa, rom is goeTes epoqas ganekuTvneba) 

Cven SegviZlia is tragikuli sityvebi gamoviyenoT, 

rac oqtavio passim ortega-i-gasetze warmoTqva: 

_ `mas SeuZlia mzes miaSterdes da Tavisi Crdili, gamosaxuleba 

ver dainaxos~, ìgi sakuTar sikvdils ver gani cdida~. 

apokalifsuri Jamis xelovnebis `kanoni~ aseTia. is 

msoflio Ramis, qmnadobis procesis igavmiuwvdomel procesTan 

gajiutebiT gaaCerebs Semoqmeds. haidegeri wers: 

`È âñå æå ìèðîâóþ íî÷ü ñëåäóåò ìûñëèòü êàê ó÷àñòü, 

ñâåðøàþùóþñÿ ïî òó ñòîðîíó ïåññèìèçìà è îïòèìèçìà~, 

`Ïåòü äëÿ ÷åãî?~ Ì. Õàéäåããåð. 182 ñòð. 

cxadi xdeba, rom emanuelo cdeba, roca fiqrobs, rom aq, 

STagoneba-qmnadobis procesSi Camzerisas, SesaZloa miswvdes 

azris azrs azrs. 

Tanamedrove xelovnebis nimuSebma gagvimJRavnes, rom àzris 

azri~ mxolod iluzia, Cixi iyo, romlis iqiT vixileT 

RmerTs ganSorebuli samyaros gaucxoebuli sagnebi, an rogorc, 

haidegeri wers: ùfskrulze Camokidebuli sagnebi~. Tu 

Tvals mivadevnebT Tanamedrove xelovnebas, misi nawarmoebis 

mTavari personaJia erTis mxriv massis adamiani, romelsac 

pirobiTad SeiZleba aravin vuwodoT, _ da romelmac moitana 

swored ara sulis rafinireba da azrovnebis simaRle, aramed 

268 269

sxeulis yvela cToma, _ misi yvela survilis usasrulod 

gazrda da gazviadeba. 

ortega i gaseti roca definicias gvTavazobda, imedovnebda 

kidec, rom Tanamedrove xelovani, _ wminda sulis darad 

SesZlebda kidec camde aRsvlas da kosmosis xmis gaJRerebas: 

_ `poeti iwyeba iq, sadac mTavrdeba adamiani. erTis bedi 

Tavisi adamianuri gziT siarulia, meores misia _ ararsebulis 

Seqmna~. 


mTargmn. b. bregvaZe. 

an meoregan 

`pirovnuli, rogorc yvelaze adamianuri, yvelaze ufro 

gadaWriT uariyofa axali xelovnebis mier. amas gansakuTrebiT 

naTlad gvimowmebs musika da poezia~. 

ortega i gaseti `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~. 51 gv. mTargmn. 

b. bregvaZe 

Tumca samwuxaroa rom Tanamedrove xelovnebam es 

moTxovnebi ver gaamarTla. 


`nuTu Cveni adamianuri daniSnulebis Zieba 

im wertilis Ziebas moagavs, 

romelic ar arsebobs?! 

da Cven SeSlilobas ki es warmousaxavs, 

rogorc raRac `simyare~. 

SeS-li-lo-bis daR-li-lo-ba!!! 

SeS-li-lobis daR-li-lo-ba!!! 

RmerTi _ wertili!!! mzis sxivi _ wertili!!! 


emanuelSi mxolod da mxolod gaielvebs sazari da Tavzardamcemi 

skepsisi adamianis diad misiaze, mis daniSnulebaze 

miwier samyaroSi. amis iqiT ki dgas avadmyofi epoqis Tanamedrove, 

did moazrovneTa sulismieri gzis monaxazebi. 

roca a. kamiu wers: 

ìs, ucxoc, zogjer sarkidan rom Semogvegebeba, nacnobi 

da mainc gulismomwyvleli Cveni RviZli Zma, romelsac vpoulobT 

sakuTar fotoebze, esec absurdia~. 

a. kamiu `sizifes miTi~. gv. 21. mTargmn. n. iordaniSvili. 

an, meoregan: 

_ `kaci telefonze laparakobs SuSis tixars miRma. misi 

xma ar ismis. magram mis mimikas vadevnebT Tvals: Tavs ekiTxebi, 

ratom cxovrobs es kaci. es SeSfoTeba adamianis araadamianurobis 

winaSe, rom gveufleba, es moulodneli damxoba xatisa, 

rasac gunebaSi warmovidgendiT es `gulzidva~, rogorc amas 

Cveni drois erTi avtori uwodebs, esec absurdia~. 

a. kamiu `sizifes miTi~, 21 gv. frangulidan Targmna n. 

iordaniSvilma. 

am samyaroSi adamiani sakuTari Tavis, `Sinagani adamianis~, 

im uRrmesi me-s Wvretas, romelsac xan sarkeSi arekvlisas 

aRmoaCens, xan fotosuraTze, xan ki axlobelTan, Tu ucnob- 

Tan saubrisas, romlis xilvas Tu sxva èpoqaSi~ udidesi 

TrTolviTa da sixaruliT egebeboda `dRes~ Cven Tanamedroveni 

am sixarulisa da am aRmtaci TrTolvis SesaZleblobas 

xan absurds vuwodebT, xan ki gulzidvas. 

es niSnavs, rom Cven amoyiravebuli samyaros modelSi 

moveqeciT da am samyaroSi yvelaze didi Rirebuleba _ aTv- 

lis wertili _ absurdia. gaucxoebul qmedebaTa jami. 

am modelSi Sens Tavs, rom miauxlovde, Seni Tavi rom 

Seicno _ es yvelaze didi danaSauli da Secdomaa, anu abab- surdi, radgan aq, rogorc m. haidegeri dawers: 

_ `siyvaruls ukve aRaraferi ZaluZs: 

mTliani teqsti ki _ aseTia: 

`Ñìåðòü óêðûòà çàãàäêîé. îñòàåòñÿ òåìíîé òàéíà áîëè. 

Íè÷åãî íå óìååò ëþáîâü~ 

Ì. Õàéäåããåð. `Ïåòü _ äëÿ ÷åãî~ 186 ñòð. 

270 271

atom iwereba Cems teqstSi adamianur daniSnulebaze da 

me ki ratom vwer da xazs gavusvam adamianis mier Tavisi 

Tavis Secnobis raobaze? 

radgan, Tavisi Tavis Secnoba aucilebeli xidi da safexuria, 

raTa aRvasruloT Cveni adamianuri daniSnulebis. umaRlesi 

misia miwier samyaroSi, rasac transcentaluri `me~-s 

moZieba ewodeba, es Sinagan saxlSi dabrunebaa, anu RmerTis 

povna, zogi ki ityoda _ RmerTSi davanebaa. magram, es SeiZleba 

aRsruldes, Tu adamiani Tavisi Tavis Secnobas, Tavisi raobis 

moZiebas SesZlebs. 

Tavis Secnoba SeiZleba gamoixatos _ samSoblosTvis uan- 

garod sicocxlis gaRebaSi, Tu wminda siyvarulSi, an keTili 

saqmeebis aRsrulebaSi, an, mSoblis movaleobis aRsrulebisas, 

rac arc ise martivi saqmea, rogorc es sazogadod warmoudgeniaT. 

radgan namdvil mSobels gacnobierebuli aqvs is didi 

misia, rasac mas miwieri cxovreba avaldebulebs, da rac 

TavisTavad imasac gulisxmobs, rom is Tavis sulier gzas 

gadis da romlis aRsrulebisas RmerTi adamians ajildoebs 

ganuzomeli netarebiTa da sixarulis aurwyavi madliT. 

Tavisi Tavis cnobis siaxlovis gancdidan Tu ar ibadeba 

Cveni `saqmeebi~ _ es iqneba: wera, samSoblosaTvis Tavganwirva, 

megobroba, siyvaruli... _ Tavis Secnobis gareSe _ Seni adamianuri 

daniSnulebis gacnobierebis, _ Ziebis gareSe aRsrulebuli 

yvela saqme mkvdaria da usargeblo RmerTisTvis. 

platoni ase werda: 

`... filosofosTa gamoklebiT, yvela sxva kacis simamace 

SiSisgan iRebs dasabams, Tumca sisulele kia, simamacis sa- 

Taved SiSi da simxdale miaCndes kacs~. platoni `fedoni~ 

24 gv. 

roca platoni sikvdilis SiSiT mirekil adamianTa saqmianobas 

usargeblod miiCnevs, es imasac niSnavs rom uwonado 

da Rirebuleba moklebulia adamianis nebismieri saqmianoba, 

romelSic ar aRsruldeba Tavis Secnoba _ Tu sikvdilis 

SiSi ar daiZleva anu aRsrulebuli es saqme Tavad unda iqces 

sakuTari raobis moZiebis gzad. 

emanuelSi mamis mkvlelobam bzari gaaCina da am bzaridan 

man igumana, rom samyaroSi SeiZleba arsebobdes boroteba, 

_ magram misi ubiwo suli vera ver iRebs am borotebas da 

am ryevisas diadi tanjvis kvali Semoixazeba. am sazareli 

skepsisis dros, is epoqis tkivils `xelT aiRebs~ da misi 

sityvebi ukve epoqis xmaa. 

RmerTi _ wertili! da mzis sxivi _ wertili! 

RmerTi _ wertili! _ amis iqiT igulisxmeba Tanamedrove 

gamoCenil adamianTa naazrevi. maT Soris upirvelesia orni: 

_ froidi da lorensi. 

RmerTi _ wertilad iqca mas Semdeg, rac zigmund froidma 

seqsualur energiasa da RvTaebriv energias Soris tolobis 

niSani dasva. roca RvTaebriobamde misasvleli gza _ sityviT 

libidoTi monaTla, riTac anatomiur enaze Targmna igavmiuwvdomeli 

RvTaebrivi gzneba da cecxli. 

oidoposis kompleqsi, RmerTis wertilad warmomCeni Teoriaa, 

radgan is erTaderT ambavs, oidiposis ambavs gadaacmevs 

kacobriobis usasrulod mravalferovan ambebs, raTa adamianis 

RvTaebrivi misia cxovelis brma instinqtamde daiyvanos. 

es martivi sqema `gadidebuli saxiT~ daefina RvTaebrivis 

igavmiuwvdomel gzas. 

amiT, imis Tqma minda Tu ramdenad daSorda adamiani Tavis 

amaRlebul misias da magaliTad, roca paskalis azrebs 

vkiTxulobT, aq Semoixazeba adamianis iseTi sidiade _ romelic 

dRevandeli adamianisTvis gaugebaria, da cxadia miuRebelic. 

ai, es azrebi: 

_ 57 àraTanazomadoba kacisa _ dae, adamiani miiqces 

bunebis mTeli savsebisa da sidiadis Wvretad; dae, aaridos 

Tvali mis garemomcvel ubadruk sagnebs: dae, umziros TvalismomWrel 

naTels, uSreti CiraRdaniviT rom anaTebs samyaros. 

272 273

dae, Seignos, rom dedamiwa mxolod da mxolod wertilia im 

uzarmazar wresTan SedarebiT, romelsac Semoswers Suqmoiefe 

mze; dae, SeZrwundes im azris gamo, rom TviT es uzarmazari 

wrec, Tavis mxriv mxolod uCino wertilia cis TaRze msrboli 

sxva varskvlavebis orbitebTan SedarebiT. 

...mTeli xiluli samyaro sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara qrTilis 

marcvali bunebis veeba wiaRSi. veraviTari idea ver moicavs 

mas... sinamdvilesTan SedarebiT xelT gvrCeba mxolod atomebi. 

samyaro usazRvro da usasrulo sferoa, romlis centri 

yvelganaa, periferia ki arsad. uflis yovlisSemZleobis 

yvelaze aSkarad sagrZnobi da TvalsaCino gamovlenac swored 

isaa, rom Cveni warmosaxva dabneuli Cerdeba, am Tavzardamcemi 

sidiadis winaSe da ukvalod ikargeba RvTaebriv azrSi. 

da maSinac ki roca Cven ase TviTneburad SevkvecavT 

paskalis azrs da is Tavis Zalmosilebas araTu dakargavs, 

_ da ufro metic Cven mudam iseTi gancda gveufleba, rom 

reqviemis sasowarmkveTi da amaRlebuli musika Cagvesmis. ai 

es sityvebi: 

_ àmaze fiqri Tavzardamcemia., vinc warmoidgens, rom 

nivTieri garsi, romelSiac is moaqcia bunebam, or ufskruls 

Soris qanaobs, _ usasrulobis ufskrulsa da araraobis ufskruls 

Soris _ uTuod ZrwolviT aRivseba am saswaulis winaSe 

da me mgoni misi cnobiswadili gancvifrebad Seicvleba, xolo 

bunebis qedmaRali mkvlevari mdumare mWvretelad iqceva. 

da marTlac ra aris adamiani samyaroSi?~ (xazgasma Cemia 

_ J. sisaZe). 

b. paskali àzrebi~ mTargm. baCana bregvaZe. 199 gv. 

da Tumca paskalTan xSirad meordeba sityva wertili wertili, 

magaliTad, rom dedamiwa da mzec mxolod wertilia wertilia, magram 

paskalis yoveli aRqma, yoveli fraza mxolod agvamaRlebs 

da maTi saSualebiT Cven ufro da ufro vuaxlovdebiT ciur 

sagnebs da Cvenc didi TrTolviT vgrZnobT, rom Cveni sulic 

RvTaebrivis mosiyvarule sagnad gardaisaxeba. 

maSin roca Tanamedrove teqstebSi, adamianis, RmerTis, 

mzis sxivis _ STagonebis _ sruli damcroba da sazrisis 

mokleba xdeba. 

mas Semdeg, rac fridrih nicSem Semoitana intonaciaze 

gamaxvilebuli saTqmeli, Cven ukve daviwyeT frazis ara marto 

sazrisis, aramed swored tonis, xmis intonaciis mosmenac da 

musikaluri nabijebiT urTulesi gzis daZleva da naazrevis 

aRdgena. 

da pol valeri, Tanamedrove epoqis Svili, paskalis stilis 

mosmenis saSualebiT, saSualebiT _ paskalis gadafasebasac axerxebs: 

_ `maradiuli dumili~ da a.S. _ paskalisTvis Seuferebeli 

Jonglioroba~ 

p. valeri, àzrebi~, 371 gv. 

da Cven, ar unda gagvakvirvos, Tomas manis mcdelobam _ 

moisminos, da intonaciidan aagos goeTes `sulis Senoba~. 

Tomas mani goeTes aseT citirebas SemogvTavazebs: 

`... Îí îòêðîâåííî è ïðÿìî çàÿâëÿë, ÷òî åìó íèêîãäà íå 

ïðèõîäèëîñü ñëûøàòü î òàêîì ïðåñòóïëåíèè, íà êîòîðîå îí 

íå ÷óâñòâîâàë áû ñåáÿ ñïîñîáíûì...~ 

da Semdeg. _ Tomas mani `mosmenis gziT~ aseT komentars 

SemogvTavazebs: 

_ `Ýòî _ ñëîâà ÷åëîâåêà, âîñïèòàííîãî â äóõå ïèåòèñòñêè 

_ óãëóáëåííîãî èçó÷åíèÿ ñâîåé ñîâåñòè; Îäíàêî â íèõ 

ïðåîáëàäàåò ýëåìåíò ýëëèíñêîé äóøåâíîé ÷èñòîòû. 

Âåðíî, ÷òî ýòè õëàäíîêðîâíûå ñëîâà _ âûçîâ áþðãåðñêîé 

äîáðîäåòåëè, íî âíèõ áîëüøå õëàäíîêðîâèÿ è ãîðäûíè, ÷åì 

õðèñòèàíñêîãî ñàìîóíè÷òîæåíèÿ, â íèõ áîëüøå äåðçîñòè, 

÷åì ãëóáèíû _ â ðåëèãèîçíîì ñìûñëå~. ñìûñëå 

Ò. Ìàíí `Äîñòîåâñâêèé _ ïî ìåðó~ ñîáð. ñî÷. I. IX ñòð. 

331. 

(am mcire gadaxvevis Semdeg mivubrundeT saTqmels): 

a. kamiu wers: 

_ àbsurdi, romelic aqamde daskvnad iyo miCneuli, am 

esse-iSi aTvlis wertilad gvevlineba~. 

a. kamiu `sizifes miTi~ 3 gv. mTargmneli n. iordaniSvili. 

274 275

a. kamiu swored am wertilad qcevis gzas Semoxazavs, 

rasac kidev erTxel gvidasturebs kamius winasityvaoba: 

_ àq naxavT mxolod sulis avadobis aRweras, romelsac 

jer arc metafizika Serevia da arc rwmeniT aris daRdasmuli. 

aseTi gaxlavT am wignis sazRvrebi da erTgvari winaswar 

akviatebuli azrebic~. 

a. kamiu, `sizifes miTi~, 4 gv. mTargmneli n. iordaniSvili. 

da roca wertili, aq aRiwereba, rogorc sulis avadoba, 

romelsac metafizika ver Seexeba da arc rwmeniT iqneba 

daRdasmuli. amiT isev miniSnebaa, rom kamiu yovelTvis yofierebis 

CarCoSi darCeba. misTvis simamacea ara sikvdilis 

SiSis daZleva, da adamianuri sazRvrebidan gasvla, aramed 

mis sazRvrebSi gaZleba da am poziciebidan mas _ epoqis sibrmave 

STaagonebs rom sulis gzis _ RmerTis _ wertilad 

qceva unda SeiZlos. 


_ `sxeulis danaskvni gonebis danaskvns diaxac udris 

da xorci ukan ixevs ganadgurebis SiSiT. cxovrebas manamde 

veCveviT, vidre fiqrs viswavlideT~. 

a. kamiu, `sizifes miTi~. 

àdamianuri daniSnulebis Zieba~ _ sakuTari Tavis xilvaa 

igavimiuwvdomel RvTiur sarkeSi da Tavisi Tavis cnoba. `SeS- `SeS- 

lilobis daRliloba~ _ es SeSliloba, aris igavmiuwvdomeli 

`me~-s ganqromis saSiSroebis winaSe `dgoma~. `SeSlilobis 

daRliloba~ _ es, uzarmazari garbenaa kosmosSi, sadac adamiani 

moixilavs yvelafers da arafers erTdroulad, erTdroulad da ase 

iwvdomebs, rom mas aqvs boZebuli is umaRlesi madli, rasac 

RvTaebrivis saCuqari hqvia _ Tavisufali arCevani arCevani. 

emanuelos SeSlilobis daRliloba, daRliloba is tragikuli sibrmavea, 

rac Tanamdevia XX saukunis wamyvani moazrovneebisa, 

filosofosebisa Tu xelovanTaTvis, radgan Tu maradJams 

isini TavianTi waruvali, ukvdavi `me~-dan ganWvretdnen TavianT 

daniSnulebas da samyaros sazriss. dRes TviT genialur 

moazrovneebsac ki waerTvaT xedvis niWi. radgan isini amoyiravebul 

samyaroSi moRvaweoben da ufskrulze Camokidebuli 

sagnebi gamoxataven da gankargaven maT samyaros da cxadia 

gansazRvraven kidec maT saTqmels. amitom, arc aris gasakviri, 

rom oqtavio pasi ortega-i-gasetis Sesaxeb ase wers: 

_ ìm uzarmazar, da mravalferovan memkvidreobaSi, romelic 

man Cven dagvitova, sam nakls vxedav... pirveli is, rom 

igi instrospeqtuli araa amas ki yovelTvis TviTironiisken 

mivyavarT _ igi ver xedavda Tavs da amitom verc sakuTar 

anarekls amCnevda sarkeSi. meore, rac gamoepara ortega i. ga- 

sets sikvdilia, rRveva, romelic nebismier Senebas Tan sdevs~. 

oqtavio pasi `xose ortega i gaseti~ rogor da risTvis~. 

yvelaze Tavzardamcemi, albaT is aris, rom Tanamedrove 

geniosebis Sefasebas Seesabameba im mosazrebas, rac Tavis 

droze oqtavio pasim gamoTqva ortega-i-gasetze: 

_ `mas SeuZlia miaSterdes mzes, magram sikvdils igi 

ver xedavs~. 

amoyiravebuli samyaros modeli, rom warmovidginoT, 

SegviZlia martin haidegeris sityvebi gavixsenoT: 

_ `Íî÷íîå âðåìÿ ìèðà _ ñêóäíîå âðåìÿ, èáî ñòàíîâèòñÿ 

âñå ñêóäíåå. Îíî óæå ñòîëü ñêóäíî, ÷òî áîëüøå íå â 

ñîñòîÿíèè çàìåòèòü çèÿíèå áîãà êàê çèÿíèå~. 

Ì. Õàèäåãåð `Ïåòü-äëÿ ÷åãî~ 181 ñòð. 

emanuelos sazari skepsisi, rom viwvdomoT, _ haidegeris 

msoflio Rame unda gaviazroT da imasac CavwvdeT, rom es 

berwi droa. aq, sainteresoa xazgasma, rom am RameSi dro 

maradcvladobis msaxuri Seiqmna da is, veRar iqceva Jamad. 

radgan, rogorc haidegeri migvaniSnebs is _ ufro da ufro 

berwdeba da is, imdenad berwia, rom RmerTis imedgacruebaSi 

veRar amCnevs imedgacruebas. 

anu, _ sagani, verasodes gaxdeba Secnobadi _ radgan 

dakargulia igiveobis RvTaebrivi gza, _ riTac mimdinareobs 

cnobadoba. igiveoba, imitom aris SeuZlebeli berw droSi, 

rom sagnebi SemTxveviTobis pirmSoni arian. 

276 277

amitomacaa, aq SesaZlebelia SeuZlebeli _ mzis sicxadis 

winaSe adamiani sikvdilis idumal sarkeSi veRar icnobs 

TavisTavs. 

radgan Tanamedrove adamianma daiviwya, da siyalbed miiCnia 

`maTes saxarebaSi~ moyvanili sityvebi: 

7.13 `SediT viwro karibWiT, vinaidan farToa karibWe 

da ganieria gza, romelsac daRupvisken mihyavs da mravalni 

dadian masze. 

7.14. vinaidan viwroa karibWe da viwroa gza, rasac 

sicocxlis ken mihyavs da mciredni hpoveben mas~. maTes saxareba. 

viwro karibWeSi moiazreba sulis cxonebisken savali, 

rTuli da mZime gza. ris iqiTac igulisxmeba sakuTari Tavis 

WeSmariti Secnoba. 

82 a piesis komentari: 

`_ ra Rirebuleba aqvs nawers, 

nebismier avtors rom SeiZleba mieweros? 

SeiZleba momeweros me _ apolons! 

SeiZleba _ dionises! (xels iSvers misken) 

da SeiZleba _ biZaSens _ satirs!~ 

J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~. 

Tumca am azrs satiri warmoTqvams, magram es azri 

Tanamedrove xelovnebis warmosaxviT samyaroSi warmoiTqmeba 

iseT did xelovanTa mier, rogoric p. valeria, romlis 

Semoqmedebis didi nawili, am sakiTxs mieZRvna. 

amis Sesaxeb Tavis rveulSi valeri wers: 

`...Òî ÷òî ñîñòàâëÿåò ïðîèçâåäåíèå, íå åñòü òîò, êòî 

ñòàâèò íà íåì ñâîå èìÿ. Òî, ÷òî ñîñòàâëÿåò ïðîèçâåäåíèå, 

íå èìååò èìåíè~. 

SesaniSnavi rusi komentatoris kazavois mxolod erT 

paralels moviyvan, ukve citirebuli a. valeris frazis 

Taobaze: 

`Ì. Õàéäåããåð â ñóùíîñòè ëèøü çàîñòðÿåò ýòó ïîçèöèþ, 

êîãäà ãîâîðèò: `Õóäîæíèë äëÿ ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ åñòü íå÷òî 

áåçðàçëè÷íîå; ìîæíî äàæå ñêàçàòü, ÷òî, óíè÷òîæàÿ ñåáÿ 

â ïðîöåññå òâîð÷åñòâà, îí ñïîñîáñòâóåò âîçâûøåíèþ 

ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ èñêóññòâà~. Êîìåíòàðèè: Â. Êîçîâîé. 

83. artiga-i-qimeriusi _ igulisxmeba ortega-i-gaseti 

(1883_1955) _ didi espaneli sociologi, filosofosi, 

eseisti. Tanamedrove modernistul Teoriaze Seqnili aqvs 

wigni `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~. wigni, romelmac gamoxata 

epoqis saTqmeli, Tumca ver vityvi rom man sasikeTo 

roli iTamaSa. pol valers rom davesesxo: `man Cveni sulis 

zrda ver SeZlo~. misi wignebi elvare metaforuli 

azrovnebis nimuSia. mas oqtavio pasma uZRvna genialuri 

essei. _ 

òrtega-i-gasets. rogor da risTvis?~ vaRiareb Oortega 

i. gasetis Rrma da originalur azrovnebas. Tumca iZulebuli 

gavxdi teqstSi is parodiuli saxeliT momexseniebina 

_ artiga i-qimeriusi. 


`Cemma tanjvam dabada cremlT – mdinare 

da me am Cemi cremliT Seqmnil mdinareSi 

usasrulod vimzirebi da viZirebi. 

aq, Tavs iyris da moZraobs 

msoflios sagnebi 

da ase erTiandeba da sulierdeba 

samyaros yoveli azri, qmedeba da grZnoba~ 

J. siraZe, `xelovanis gza~, gv. 97. 

roca iwereba cremliT Seqmnili mdinare 

cremliT Seqmnili mdinare, – es niSnavs, 

rom teqsti waiSala da nebismieri didi Semoqmedis mistiuri 

Sre ganvWvriteT. 

278 279

Tu mistiuri Sris àzrobriv Targmans~ movindomebT, 

SeiZleba goeTes gamonaTqvami gamogvadges: 

– `vinc erT sagans Caswvdeba, – is yvela sagnis gagebis 

unars iZens~. 

es unari RvTis saCuqaria, yvela im adamians rom eboZa, 

vinc Tavisi sulieri gzis erTguleba SesZlo da maSasadame 

mas RvTaebrivi gzneba – angelozebi miuZRvebian am gzaze. 

roca paskali wers: 

– `mdinareebi fexadgmuli gzebia, romlebic midian da 

mivyavarT iqiT, saiTac gza gviZevs~ b. paskali àzrebi~. 

mTargm. b. bregvaZe, 192 gv. 

am fraziT Cven vWvretT, Tu rogor devs paskalis geniaSi 

RvTaebriobis maradiuli sunTqva da amitomac angelozebi 

RvTaebrivis es macneebi TavianTi fizikuri sxeulebiT 

– mdinareebiT – pirdapir Cndebian nawerSi. amis dasturad 

me momyavs r. Staineris ganmarteba sulieri ierarqiebis Sesaxeb: 

a) mesame ierarqiaa dedamiwis, kacobriobis da civilizaciis 

Semoqmedi RvTaebrivi Zalebi: 

1) angelozebi (~macneni~) – cxovrebis sulebi, igive 

mwuxris sulebi. maTi emanaciaa yovelgvari keTili azri, 

keTili neba, saTnoeba, fSvinieri siTbo adamianSi. maTi fizikuri 

sxeulebia mdinareebi. yoveldRiurad da mravalgzis 

Semodian adamianTa cxovrebaSi~. r. Staineri 

angelozTa fizikuri sxeulebi mdinareebia, amaze migvaniSnebs 

axali aRTqmis teqsti, roca masSi iwereba: 

maTe 12.43 `xolo raJams suli igi arawminda ganvidis 

kacisagan, mimovaln urwyulTa adgilTa da eZiebn gansuenebasa 

da ara hpovi~. 

Teofilaqte bulgarelis sakmaod vrceli komentarebidan 

moviyvan mxolod im mcire fragments, romelic aRniSnul 

interpretacias Seavsebs: 

– `... Sen ki isic gaxsovdes, rom naTlisRebis gziT gandevnili 

uwminduri suli gaunaTlavs sulebTan erTad uwylo 

udabnoTa zeda daexeteba, magram iq mosvenebas ver poulobs, 

radganac demonebisaTvis mosveneba mxolod naTelRebulTa 

boroti saqmeebiT dacemaa...~ 

Teofilaqte bulgareli `maTes saxarebis ganmarteba~. 

106 gv. 

85. fragmenti genialuri qarTveli poetis g. tabiZis 

leqsidan ùdabno~ gv. 101. 

86. fragmenti g. tabiZis usaTauro leqsidan gv. 101. 



àqamde msoflio emorCileboda Tqvens mier amorCeuli, 

ara, akviatebuli ideis, 

erTaderTi ideis tiranias! 

erTaderTi grZnobis tiranias! 

erTaderTi aRqmis tiraniases 

kacobriobis tragediaa! 

xelovanni zRvas ieso qristes darad gadaseraven, 

Tqveni Semoqmedeba erTaderTi nabijia... qristesadmi gadadgmuli!~ 

`xelovanis gza~ J. siraZe 

es aris CixSi Semyvani, Tanamedrove xelovnebis Tu filosofiis 

TeoriaTa ilustrireba. 

viaCeslav ivanovi aseT usaxur frazas wers: 

`sakmarisi ar aris qriste, sakmarisi ar aris froidi, 

sakmarisi ar aris marqsi, egzistencializmi da buda~. 

erTis SexedviT, aq is iTqmis, rom Cven unda ganvTavisufldeT 

yvelafrisagan _ da ase kosmosis wminda xma movisminoT. 

TiTqosda amas exmianeba Tanamedrove `kulturis~ aqsioma 

erTi samyaros meore samyaros zRvarze Sexvedrisa, iq, sadac 

Cven arsad vimyo febiT da rogorc, r.barti ityoda: `haerSi 

unda avagoT teqsti~, an `haerSi mfrinavi teqsti~. 

fr. nicSe Tavis momavali filosofiis preludiaSi `si- 

280 281

keTisa da borotebis miRma~ am azris Tavisebur varirebas 

gvTavazobs: 

– 65. Ëþáîâü ê îäíîìó åñòü âàðâàðñòâî: èáî îíà 

îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ â óùåðá âñåì îñòàëüíûì. Òàêæå è ëþáîâü 

ê Áîãó~ 

Ôð. Íèöøå, `Ïî òó ñòîðîíó äîáðà è çëà~. 291 ñòð. 

kosmosis wminda xmis iqiT dafaruli azri Tu gvinda 

moviZioT, es lakoniurad, naTlad magram `mkvaxed~ SeiZleba 

adornom64 gangvimartos: 

_ `sistema gonad qceuli mucelia~. 

igives wers, a. kamiu, sizifes miTSi~, oRond ufro poeturad: 

`sxeulis danaskvni gonebis danaskvs diaxac udris da 

xorci ukan ixevs ganadgurebis SiSiT, cxovrebam manam veCveviT, 

vidre fiqrs viswavlideT~. a. kamiu `sizifes miTi~, gv. 

11 gv. mTargmn. n. iordaniSvili. 

Tanamedroveoba, _ im safrTxobelas gaurbis, romelic 

man TavisTavs Tavad augo. 

samyaros ageba erTi ìdee fi xe~-Ti _ oidiposis kompleqsiT, 

zg. froidma mogvca Tanamedrove samyaros, _ amoyiravebuli 

modelis mafuZnebelma. romelmac es oidiposis kompleqsi 

xelovnurad gadaacva yvela ambavs, yvela istorias, gardaxdenilsa, 

Tu SesaZlos. 

swored oidiposis kompleqsma Cauyara safuZveli im 

process, rom gamasxrebuliyo RvTiuri mzis sxiviT gasxivosnebuli 

gzis erTaderToba da swored, amis Semdgom moxda 

klasikaSi momqmedi sulieri, meore mzis sxiviT Suqmfeni gzis 

uaryofa. ase iCina Tavi klasikis damxobis SesaZleblobis 

gzamac. 

88. gv. 105. dante aligieri (1265-1321) – udidesi italieli 

poeti. avtori avtografiuli wignisa àxali cxovreba~ 

da yvela drois Sedevrisa `RvTaebrivi komedia~. 

89. gv. 105. beatriCe – didi italieli poetis dante 

aligieris zeciuri satrfo. `naadrevad gardacvlili beatriCes 

saxiT (romlis sruli saxelia beatriCe portinari) 

avtorma madonas idealuri xati Seqmna, romelic sulieri 

simaRlisa da zneobrivi srulqmnilebis poetur simbolod 

iqca~. jemal ajiaSvili. 

90. gv. 106. espanus frangis iqiT igulisxmeba pablo 

pikaso _ (1881-1973). genialuri frangi mxatvari, mis Semoqmedebas 

pirobiTad yofen sam periodad: `cisferi periodi~, 

`vardisferi periodi~ da bolos `kubizmis periodi~. 

91. gv. 107. fr. Sileri _ (1759-1805). _ didi germaneli 

poeti, dramaturgi, moazrovne, filosofosi, xelovnebis 

Teoretikosi, istorikosi. germ. ganmanaTleblobis gamoCenili 

warmomadgeneli. germ. klasikuri literaturis erTerTi 

fuZemdebeli. 

92.þgv. 107. m. paviCi _ daibada 1929 wels. gamoCenili 

serbi poeti, mwerali, mTargmneli da istorikosi. is ase 

werda Tavis Tavze: `safrangeTis da espaneTis kritikosebma 

XXI saukunis pirveli mwerali miwodes, Tumca XX saukuneSi 

vcxovrobdi, anu im droSi, roca ara brali da danaSauli, 

aramed udanaSauloba unda dagemtkicebina. teqstSi dramaSi 

`xelovanis gza~ milorad paviCi parodiuli saxeliT moixsenieba 

– paviCiusi. 

93. gv. 107. sent-egziuperi (1900-1944) – didi frangi 

mwerali, avtori Sedevrisa `patara ufliswuli~. aviatori, 

samoqalaqo da samxedro mfrinavi, eseisti da poeti. 

94. gv. 108. gv. 108. fridrih nicSe _ (1844_1900) _ 

didi germaneli filosofosi. 

282 283

95. gv. 108. onore de balzaki _ (1789_1850) – didi 

frangi mwerali, romanisti. balzaki ambobda: `sakmarisi ar 

aris iyo ubralo adamiani, _ ambobda igi, unda iyo mTeli 

sistema~. 

amboben, rom man ukve uamravi romanis avtorma dante 

aligieris `RvTaebrivi~ komediis `sapirispirod~ roca 

moifiqra da Semoxaza Tavisi romanebis gamaerTianebeli 

saTauri àdamianuri komedia~, maSin igrZno Tavisi geniis 

Zalmosileba da mizandasaxuloba. 

96. gv. 109. sen-Jon persi _ didi frangi poeti. 

yvelaze mniSvnelovani da gaxmaurebuli nawarmoebi ànabasisi~. 

nobelis premia miiRo 1960 w. 

97. gv. 110. lev tolstoi _ (1828-1910) didi rusi 

mwerali. 

98. gv. 114-115. piesis komentari: 

ès me var emanuelos, oRond, arc mamaCemi mouklavs 

vinmes, 

arc dedeCemma uRalata mamaCems, arc fsiqea yofila Cemi 

STagoneba, 

da arc biZaCemis mokvlaze mifiqria 

mokled, _ es me var emanuelos, _ araferma gamomzarda 

da ase mivaRwie am monologamde 

ra saWiroa materialur samyaroTa rigebi, 

raRac pretexte-i, raRac _ causa, Tu isedac sulSi devs 

_ is, 

viT uumciresisa da uudidess saganTa paraleluri xazebi~2 

`xelovanis gza~ Jaklin siraZe. gv.115. 

1 iqnes es yvelaze rTuli pasaJia. aq, adamanis is igavmi- 

uwvdomeli idumaleba ganiTqmeba, romelic migvaniSnebs, Savi 

Ramis wyvdiadSi manaTobel im varskvlavze, romelic mxolod 

da mxolod im dausabamo usasrulobiTa da kosmosuri, Tavzardamcemi 

sicivis meSveobiT aRviqvaT, riTac adamianis faqizi 

sulis samoseli Semoiwereba. 

Tanamedrove samyaros avadobad iqca adamianis sulis pragmatulad, 

mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT aRwera. 

adamianis suls `mogzaurobisas~ mxolod nawilobriv Tu 

Seswevs gaamJRavnos Tavisi Tavi. _ radgan, is, rac TviTmyofadi, 

ucvlebadi, ukvdavia, _ maradgamouTqmelia da marad 

is mocimcime, kaSkaSa varskvlavia, romelic gvacbunebs da 

gvakrTobs, Tavisi `sidiadiT~. 

emanuelos, _ ganmartoebiT warmodgena, _ yvela ambis gareSec 

imas emsaxureba _ raTa mis maraddafarul da enigmur 

sulze moxdes miniSneba. aq SeiZleba, meterlinkis cnobili 

sityvebi gagvaxsendes: `Â ãëóáèíå ìû æèâåì äóøà ñ äóøîþ 

è ìû áîãè, êîòîðûå ñàìè íå ïîçíàþò ñåáÿ~. 

Ì. Ìåòåðëèíê `Ýìåðñîí~ ñòð. 53. 

an `Â ñàìîì äåëå _ âñåãî óäèâèòåëüíåå â ÷åëîâåêå åãî 

ñêðûòàÿ çíà÷èòåëüíîñòü è ìóäðîñòü~ 

Ì. Ìåòåðëèíê `Ýìåðñîí~ 53 ñòð. 

2 xolo meore nawilis SemTxvevaSi me davesesxebi Cven did 

moRvawes, brwyinvale komentarebis avtors, baCana bregvaZes 

ai, es fragmenti, romelic, blez paskalis 57 azris interpretaciaa. 

mkiTxvelic dameTanxmeba, igi zustad esadageba 

piesis am pasaJs. maS, ase, baCana bregvaZis brwyinvale da zust 

komentars movusminoT: 

_ `RmerTi, rogorc `yvelafrisa~ da àrafris~ makrokosmosisa 

da mikrokosmosis erTianoba; RmerTi, rogoric 

dapirispirebulTa TanadamTxveva (coincidentia oppositorum) _ am 

284 285

aspeqtSi paskali TiTqmis sityva-sityviT imeorebs nikola kuzanels 

65 (1401-1464), visi azriTac, `raki RmerTi yvelaferia, 

amitom is, imavdroulad, araferi ar aris~ (De docta ignorantia 

1, 16); `RmerTi yvelganaa da arsad aris~ (idid, 11, 12) erTi 

sityviT RmerTi àbsoluturi maqsimumicaa~ da àbsoluturi 

minimumic~ (sxvaTa Soris, sityva àbsoluti~ filosofiis 

istoriaSi pirvelad swored nikola kuzanelma ixmara)~. 

b. paskali àzrebi~ komentarebi: baCana bregvaZe gv. 325. 

Tumca baCana bregvaZis komentarSi RmerTzea saubari, magram 

emanuelo, rogorc RmerTis xateba igive daxasiaTebas 

eqvemdebareba. 

99. gv. 115. _ aTena _ berZnul miTebSi gadmocemulia 

aTenas dabadeba zevsis Tavidan. es migvaniSnebs, rom is aris 

sibrZnis qalRmerTi. 

mecnierebis mfarveli. man Seuqmna adamianebs kanonebi da 

dauwesa areopagi. 

siqalwulisa da saTnoebis gansaxiereba. 

persevsi aTenas daxmarebiT imarjvebs gorgona _ meduzaze 

da mis Tavs saCuqrad aZlevs qalRmerTs. aTenam gorgonas 

TaviT fari Seamko. 

dramaSi `xelovanis gza~ _ J.s. meduza _ gorgonas ganasaxierebs 

didi germaneli filosofosi f.r. nicSe. 


deda evridike emanuelos mimarTavs: 

_ `Sen daibade ase ucxo 

avadmyofobasaviT saSiSi da miuRebeli, 

TviT me, dedaSens, ar ZalmiZs Seni miReba 

da aba sxvas, _ satirs, 

es rogor movTxovo~. 


_ darwmunebuli var mkiTxveli metismetad Secbunebuli 

waikiTxavs am strofebs da amaSi xom uCveulo araferia. deda- 

Sviloba aris kacobriobis diadi madli da diadi saidumlo. 

RvTaebrivi siyvaruliT ukavSirdeba deda-Svils, _ da masSi 

gancxaddeba is dafaruli WeSmaritebani, romelSic kacobriobis 

istoria mudam duRabdeba da viTardeba. da maSinac 

ki roca xdeba deda-Svils Soris dapirispireba, maTSi raRac 

daucilebeli nakadi isev da isev iZvris. 

magram, iyo xelovani, (emanuelo piesaSi `xelovanis gza~ 

xom poetia). es gansakuTrebuli madlia da wyevlacaa. amas 

yvelaze ukeT komentars ukeTebs Sarl bodleri 66 , Tavis 

`borotebis yvavilebSi~: 

`roca maRal da uzenaes Zalebis nebiT 

poeti stumrobs am samyaros wiaR 

SeZrwunebuli dedamisi iklebs ginebiT 

da muSts uRerebs RmerTs zecaSi, mis Tanaziars, 

netav gvelebi gamCenoda, menana mwared 

vidre mekveba Svili, Cemi Semarcxveneli 

wyeuli iyos warmavali siamis Rame 

rom Camisaxa is, visganac wamebas veli~. 

Sard bodleri `borotebis yvavilebi~, mTargmn: sibila 

mgelaZem. 



`CemSi, Signidan vxedav, rom yvelaferi anaTebs 

da es sinaTle maswavlis sityvebs, da gonebas miwvavs 

sityva _ cecxli, RmerTis siyvarulTan, rom damabrunebs. 

am cecxlis SemweobiT usazRvrod izrdeba Cemi siyvaruli 

da ase Cems brma Tvalebs xedva ubrundeba~ 

J. siraZe `xelovanis gza~ 143 gv. 

286 287

`yvela simbolisti _ platoni, plotini 67 da sxv. cotad 

Tu bevrad dakavSirebuli iyo sinaTlesTan _ wers prof. 

a. losevi 68 , platonis esTetikaSi mTavar rols TamaSobs 

sinaTlis Teoria, ara mxolod mSvenieri, aramed saerTod 

yovelive arsebuli, platonisaTvis aris sinaTle, an gamonaSuqi. 

RvTaebrivi sawyisis gamovlena _ Teofania naTels ukavSirdeba, 

egzistencialurad aRiqmeba maT mier, visTanac 

aRwevs naTeli sxivi. amgvari sxivia iesos gamocxadeba, romelic 

umaRlesi sibrZnisa da saTnoebis gamovlinebaa...~ 

j. SoSiaSvili `bizantiuri epistolografia da fsevdo 

dionise araopagelis werilebi~ gv. 63. 

wignze minaweri: 

mTeli wigni im imediT daiwera, rac ase naTlad aqvs 

gamoTqmuli Cven uwmindessa da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos 

patriarqs ilia II-s 69 : 

ès saukune RvTisgan xalxs sinanulisTvis mieca. futurologni 

amtkiceben, rom Tu kacobriobam kidev iarseba 

XXI saukuneSi, igi metad religiuri aswleuli iqneba, 

radgan xalxi daiRala, uRvTod dacarielda taZari siyvarulisa~. 

dRes ki Cven varT mowme aramarto Tanamedrove istoriis 

tragizmisa, aramed moaxloebuli apokalifsuri droisa. 

sul ufro mkveTrad Cagvesmis sityvebi: 

_ `me var ani da hoe, ityvis ufali RmerTi, romeli ars 

da romeli iyo da romeli momaval ars, yovlisa mpyrobeli~ 

(gamoc. 1; 8). 1992-1993 w. 

288 289

komentarebSi moxseniebuli avtorebi: 

1. konsantine gamsaxurdia (1890-1975). didi qarTveli 

klasikosi, poeti, eseisti, prozaikosi da romanisti. didi 

sazogado moRvawe. 

2. platoni _ (Zv.w. 427-347 w.) klasikuri xanis berZeni 

filosofosi. sokrates moswavle, aristoteles maswavlebeli, 

filosofiuri dialogebis avtori, aTenis akademiis 

damfuZnebeli. 

3. Talesi – (Zv.w. 624-Zv.w. 546) pirveli berZeni filosofi 

da maTematikosi. 

4. heraklite – (540-480) genialuri berZeni filosofosi, 

mistikosi. misi Sromidan metnaklebad ueWveli 126 

nawyveti – fragmentia SemorCenili. 

Zalian sainteresoa mis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli bertran raselis 

sityvebi: `Он был мыстиком, но особого рода. Он рассматривал 

огонь как основную субстанцию. Все подобно пламени 

в костре рождается благодаря чьей – либо смерти”. 

Б. Рассель “История западной философии” стр.60 

5. anaqsimandre (610-546 w.w. Zv. welTaR.) 

Zveli berZeni filosofosi. mis mier àpeironi~ _ ganusazRvreli, 

mravaferovan movlenaTa sawyisi, saxeldeba 

rogorc saganTa dasabami. mas ekuTvnis cnobili gamoTqma: 

àrafrisgan araferi ar warmoiSoba~. misi originaluri filosofiuri 

samyaro m. haidegeris STagonebis wyarod iqca. 

ase Seiqmna saintereso gamokvleva saxelwodebiT: ànaqsimandres 

gamonaTqvami~. 

6. anaqsimeni – (daax. 580-528 Zv.w.) Zveli berZeni filosofosi. 

mis mier haeri saxeldeba pirvel sawyisad, arxed 

SeiZleba anaqsimeni, rogorc Zveli saberZneTis filosofos- 

Ta umravlesoba mistikosad miviCnioT. radgan haeri masTan 

moiazreba, rogorc saganTa dasabami, Sinagani arsi. es RmerTis 

sunTqvaa da myofoba, yoveli sagnis faruli arsi da mamoZravebeli. 

misi azriT: `haeri aris msoflio suli, romlis gareSec 

msoflio daiSleboda, qaosad gadaiqceoda, msoflio sulis 

gamo mTliania., mwyobrad aris agebuli, kosmosia. (kosmosi 

anaqsimenis terminia, pirvelad man ixmara es sityva). 

s. wereTeli. antikuri filosofia gv. 81. 

7. piTagora samoseli (580-500 w.w. Zv.w.). Zveli berZeni 

filosofosi 

`ra aris saWiro, rom piTagoras moZRvrebas CavwvdeT? 

dakvirveba da msjeloba miznis misaRwevad cotaa. aq aucilebelia 

intuicia. piTagora iyo adepti da umaRlesi xeldasmuli. 

mas hqonda uSualo aRqmis saocari sulieri unari, 

mas xelT epyra okultur mecnierebaTa da sulier samyaroTa 

gasaRebi~. e. Sure `diadi xeldasmulni~. gv. 334. 

8. pol valeri _ genialuri frangi poeti, eseisti da 

filosofosi. serjo solmi ase werda valeris Semoqmedebaze: 

`sadac sicocxlisa da Semecnebis dabadeba qveynad, maRali 

metafizikuri ironiiT danaxulia, rogorc laqa rogorc 

defeqti aryofnis sxivosani srulqmnilebisa~. 

9. marsel prusti. (1871-1922). frangi mwerali avtori 

monumentaluri romanisa `dakarguli drois ZiebaSi~. 

10. blez paskali – (1623_1662) – udidesi mecnieri, geometri, 

fizikosi, Tanamedrove kompiuteris fuZemdebeli, genialuri 

moazrovne da mwerali, avtori Sedevrisa àzrebi~. 

11. alber kamiu – (1913-1960). frangi mwerali da filosofosi, 

egzistencializmis erT-erTi wamyvani fuZemdebeli. 

nobelis premiis lauriati literaturis dargSi. 

1957 w. 





290 291

`cnobierebis nakadis mwerlisaTvis ZiriTadia ara adamianis 

sulieri mdgomareobis, misi fsiqikuri samyaros, misi 

azrebis da gancdebis wera. ara gmiris fsiqologiuri daxasiaTeba, 

aramed TviT cnobierebis aqtivobis Cveneba, TviT 

azris gamokveTis procesis gadmocema, Tanac iseTi mxatvruli 

saSualebebiT, rom wina planze wamoiweva cnobierebis 

metyvelebamdeli done, romelic arc sametyvelo da arc 

damwerlobiT komunikaciur safuZvels ar gulisxmobs. amitomaa 

swored, rom aseTi prozis ena xSirad dawyvetili, 

erTi SexedviT erTmaneTTan daukavSirebeli da bundovani 

gamoTqmebisa da sityvebisgan Sedgeba~. 

n. yiasaSvili (winasityvaoba wignisa jeims joisis 

ùlise~). 

13. martin haidegeri (1889 – 1976). didi germaneli filosofosi, 

XX saukunis egzistencializmis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli. 

14. t. elioti – (1888_1965). ingliseli poeti, esseisti 

da didi moazrovne. Tavisi gasaocari niWisa da farTo 

erudiciis wyalobiT, is erTdroulad iqca XX saukunis 

moder nistuli skolis mamamTavrad da klasikosad. nobelis 

premiis laureati 1948 w. 

15. mark avrelius antoninusi (121_180). romis imperatori 

161 wlidan. misi umniSvnelovanesi naazrevi 12 wignad 

aikinZa. es erTgvari aRsareba, TviT CaRrmavebaa sakuTari 

Tavis wiaR. berZnulad wigns asec ewodeba: `sakuTari 

Tavisadmi~. rogorc erTi mkvlevari zustad SeniSnavda, rom 

es wigni: _ `warmarTuli samyaros saxarebaa~. qarTulma 

literaturam didi mTargmnelisa da moazrovnis SemweobiT, 

SeiZina berZnulad Seqmnili Zeglis identuri Sedevri – qarTul 

enaze mas ewodeba `fiqrebi~. 

cnobilia rom didi rusi mwerali, anton pavloviC Cexovi 

am wigns yvelgan Tan daatarebda, razedac erTi kritikosi 

samarTlianad werda: _ ìs am wignis Rirsi iyo~. 

16. Tomas mani (1875_1955) _ inteleqtualuri prozis 

didostati, didi sazogado moRvawe, romanisti, novelisti, 

eseisti, nobelis premia miiRo 1929 w. 

17. d.h. lorensi – (1885_1930.) britaneli mwerali, 

poeti, romanisti, esseisti. avtori fsiqologiuri Janris 

wignisa àracnobieris fantazia~. Tamar kotrikaZis saintereso 

esseidan me moviyvan erT amonarids: `lorensma 

Taviseburad gaiazra XII saukunis qristiani moazrovnis 

ioaqim florelis doqtrina istoriis sam sulier epoqad 

dayofis Sesaxeb. `mamam aRasrula Tavisi Jami, Zem aRasrula 

Tavisi Jami, axla suliwmindis Jami sufevs~ _ ganacxadebs 

lorensi. es ki gulisxmobs kacobiobris istoriis 

dayofas ioaqimiseul epoqebad: Zveli aRTqmis xana 

mama RmerTis xana iyo, axali aRTqmisa Zis xana, xolo 

mesame, axali xana anu Tanamedroveoba `suliwmindis~ Jamia. 

anu Tanamedrove adamiani sakuTar qmedebebze pasuxs, pirvel 

rigSi sakuTari Tavis winaSe agebs. lorensiseuli `suliwminda~ 

is orientiria, romelic gvaniWebs Sinagan mTlianobas~. 

T. kotrikaZe 

morwmune adamianisTvis kacobiobris droTa dinebis ase- 

Ti xelovnuri dayofa yovlad miuRebelia. mama, Ze da suliwminda 

erTi, daucilebeli mTlianobaa. Tumca Tavad mkiTxvelisTvis 

mimindvia gasnajos lorensiis naazrevi. 

18. iohan volhan goeTe (1749_1832) – udidesi germaneli 

poeti, prozaikosi, dramaturgi, mravalmxriv ganswavluli 

adamiani, politikuri moRvawe, filosofosi, filologi, 

bunebismetyveli, mxatvari da sxva. 

19. biufoni _ frangi bunebismetyveli. aqvs naSromebi 

bunebismetyvelebaSi. mas miakuTvneben dedamiwis ganviTarebis 

fantast. hipoTezas. am bunebismtyvelis erTi fraza ki `stili 

_ es TviT adamiania~. sayovelTaod cnobili gaxda da 

ufro metic, is damkvidrda, rogorc klasikuri literaturis 

aqsioma. 

292 293

20. r. Staineri _ (1861_1925) – genialuri avstrieli 

filosofosi da pedagogi. Teosofosi. 

21. terenti graneli (1897-1934) udidesi qarTveli poeti, 

mistikosi. 

22. maister ekharti (1260_1327) – enciklopediebSi 

daweren, rom is iqneb yvelaze amoucnobi figura da moazrovnea 

msoflio istoriaSi. misma naSromma `qadagebani da 

msjelobani~ udidesi zegavlena moaxdina evropul kulturaze. 

Tomas mani mas did Sefasebas aZlevda. amitomac is, vidre 

romelime nawarmoebis Seqmnas daiwyebda, is isev da isev miubrundeboda 

maister ekhartis nawerebs. 

23. miSel de monteni – 1533-1592. didi frangi filosofosi, 

moralisti, politikosi, mwerali. Tanamedrove esseis 

Janris fuZemdebeli. 

24. markus tulius ciceroni (Zv.w. 106_Zv.w.43). romaeli 

politikosi, advokati da politikuri moazrovne. Zveli 

romis yvelaze saxelganTqmuli oratori da konsuli. Zv.w. 

63 w. filosofiur politikur SexedulebaTa Tu saoratoro 

xelovnebis Teoriaze Seqmnili aqvs traqtatebi. 

25. ludvig van beThoveni _ (1770-1827) genialuri germaneli 

kompozitori, pianisti da diriJori. 

26. laroSfuko (1613_1680) – frangi mwerali, moralisti, 

franguli klasikuri prozis didostati. 

27. netari Teofilaqte bulgareli _ (XI saukunis I 

naxevari. _ 1087 w). 

Tavi gamoiCina saRvTo werilis ganartebiT da istoriuli 

xelovnebis codniT warmoTqmuli homiliebiT. 

28. lev tolstoi _ (1828-1910) didi rusi mwerali. 

29. mzeWabuki amirejibi _ didi qarTveli mwerali, klasikosi, 

romanisti. wardgenili iyo nobelis premiaze. 

30. n. berdiaevi – (1874_1948) didi rusi mistikosi, 

filosofosi. 

31. vladimer soloviovi _(1953- 1900) rusi filoso- 

fosi, Teologi, poeti, publicisti da kritikosi. 

32. moris meterlinki (1862_1949) belgieli mwerali, 

mistikosi, dramaturgi, prozaikosi, nobelis premiis laureati 

1911 wels. 

33. zigmund froidi _ (1856_1939) avstrieli nevropa- 

Tologi, fsiqiatri, fsiqologi, fsiqoanalizis fuZemdebeli. 

Tu ramdenad didi zegavlena moaxdina fsiqoanalizma 

literaturaze, amaze metyvelebs n. yiasaSvilis sityvebi: `... 

froidis Teoria adamianis aracnobieri samyaros Sesaxeb 

ocian wlebSi didad gascda fsiqologiis da fsiqopaTologiis 

farglebs da imdroindeli mwerlebisTvis da ara mxolod 

mwerlebisTvis xSirad udavo WeSmaritebad iyo aRiarebuli 

am moZRvrebis ZiriTadi debulebani~. 

n. yiasaSvili (winasityvaoba wignisa j. joisi ùlise~). 

34. u. folkneri (1897_1962) – didi amerikeli mwerali, 

romanisti. Tu onore de balzakma àdamianuri komediis~ 

qveS gaaerTiana Tavisi samyaro_sistema, u. folknerma Seqmna 

Tavisi warmosaxviTi samyaros ruka ioknapatofis olqi~ da 

iq daasaxla Tavisi personaJebi. misma araordinalurma azrovnebam 

da stilma udidesi zegavlena moaxdina XX saukunis 

xelovnebaze. nobelis premiis laureati 1949 w. 

35. JorJ braki (1882-1963) frangi fermweri da grafikosi. 

kubizmis fuZemdebeli. 

36. oqtavio pasi (1914_1998) _ meqsikeli poeti, esseisti, 

filosofosi, Tanamedroveobis erT-erTi wamyvani 

moazrovne. nobelis premia miiRo 1990 wels. 

37. s. kirkegori (1813_1855). araordinalurad moazrovne 

danieli filosofosi, Teologi da mwerali. iTvleba egzistencialuri 

mimdinareobis winamorbedad. cxovreba absolutur 

martoobaSi gaatara, mis sasaflaos aqvs misi cxovrebis 

Sesabamisi epitafia: ìs martosuli~. 

38. fridrih nicSe _ (1844_1900) _ didi germaneli filosofosi. 

294 295

39. ioseb aToneli _ aToneli isiqasti (1959_1998), 

misi samSoblo parosi. 23 wlidan daiwyo wminda mamebis 

wignebis Seswavla da Seiyvara dumili, RvTismsaxureba da 

locvebi. WeSmariti mTawmindeli mkacri isiqasti, ganmartoebuli 

mavedrebeli, sulieri Sinaganawesis erTguli. bevri 

aToneli beri misi aRzrdilia. 

`RvTiuri sibrZnis enciklopedia~ gv. 578. 

Semdg. g. kalandaZe 

40. wminda antoni didi, (+356. s.s. 17 ianvari) asketurad 

cxovrebis fuZemdebeli. daibada 251 wels egviptis 

sofel komanSi. 20 wlisas mSoblebi gardaecvala, mTeli 

qoneba Rarib-Ratakebs dauriga. 35 wlidan eweoda astekur 

cxovrebas. Rirs mamas sakvirvelmoqmedebis Zala hqonda, igi 

sneulTac hkurnavda da borot sulTa ganasxamda 

SepyrobilTagan, igi icavda aleqsandriaSi WeSmarit sarwmunoebas 

maniqeveluri da arianuli mwvaleblobisgan. wm. antonim 

85 weli dahyo udabnoSi, RvTivsulier RvawlTa Soris 

da aResrula 105 wlisa. 

Cvenamde moaRwia misma 20 samoRZvrebo sityvam da 7 epistolem. 

`RvTiuri sibrZnis enciklopedia~ gv. 591 Semd. g. 

kalandaZe. 

41. svami vivekananda (1863_1902) didi indoeli moazrovne. 

mis nawerebSi poezia, filosofia da religia erT 

rkalad Seikvra. is iyo iogi, is aResrula gasxivosnebis 

dros, rogorc iogebi weren amis Sesaxeb: ìs Tavisi nebisa 

da Zalismevis SemweobiT, `gadafrinda~ miRmur samyaroSi~. 

42. bertran raseli (1872_1970) _ ingliseli filosofosi, 

logikosi, maTematikosi, sazogado moRvawe. nobelis 

premiis laureati literaturis dargSi. 1950 wels. 

43. franc kafka (1883_1924) avstrieli mwerali, 

romelmac udidesi zegavlena moaxdina evropul kulturaze. 

misi `werilebi mamisadmi~ aTi mcnebis axlebuli intepreta- 

ciaa. cnobilia rom genialuri italieli reJisori federiko 

felini filmze muSaobis pirvel etapad miiCnevda am werilebis 

xelaxal gadakiTxvas da gaazrebas. 

44. i. brodski (1940-1996). – didi amerikeli poeti, 

esseisti, kritikosi. misma araordinalurma azrovnebam asaxa 

Tanamedrove epoqis aCqarebuli pulsacia, amitomacaa rom is 

aseT did zegavlenas axdens Tanamedrove kulturaze. 1987 

wels miiRo nobelis premia. 

45. r. gordeziani _ gv. filologi, profesori, saqarTvelos 

da saqsoniis (gfr.) mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-koresp. 

aris 150-mde samecn. naSromis, maT Soris 20 wignisa 

da monografiis avtori. 

46. r. Staineri _ ix. kom. (19) 

47. novalisi – (1772-1801w.) ) adreuli germanuli romantizmis 

erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgeneli, mistikosi. 

48. wminda dionise areopageli _ dionise areopagi aTenis 

uzenaes samsjavros wevrad airCies. roca areopagis winaSe 

warmdgarma pavle mociqulma warmarTebs ùcnauri 

RmerTis~ gankaceba axara da qristianuli swavleba uqadaga, 

wmindanma irwmuna WeSmariti RmerTi da mociqulTa swori 

erTguli mowafe gaxda. pavle mociqulis aRsrulebis Semdeg 

dionise dasavleTis qveynebSi gaemgzavra saqadageblad da 

mravali adamiani moaqcia qristes sjulze. cnobilia, rom 

Tavis mokveTamde, dionisem saRvTo liturgia aRasrula 

uflis angelozebTan erTad, diliT ki moawameebs Tavebi mohkveTes. 

dionisem Tavisi mokveTili Tavi aiRo, taZramde mivida 

da iq daeca. 

dionise areopagelis swavlebam Cvenamde moaRwia oTxi 

wigniT `saRvToTa saxelTaTvis~, `zecaTa mRvdelmTavrobisaTvis~, 

`saeklesiosa da mRvdelmTavrobisaTvis~, `saidumlo 

RvTismetyvelebisaTvis da aTi epistoliT. TiTqmis oTxi 

saukunis manZilze, VI s-is I naxevramde wminda mamis swav- 

296 297

leba mxolod saidumlo gadmocemebiT iqna Semonaxuli. dionise 

areopagelis Txzulebebi XI s.s. meore naxevarSi qar- 

Tul enaze mTlianad Targmna efrem mcirem~. 

`RvTiuri sibrZnis enciklopediis~ mixedviT. gv. 558. 

Semdg. g. kalandaZe. 

49. ortega _ i-gaseti (1883_1955) _ didi espaneli sociologi, 

filosofosi, eseisti. Tanamedrove modernistul 

Teoriaze Seqnili aqvs wigni `xelovnebis dehumanizacia~. 

wigni, romelmac gamoxata epoqis saTqmeli, Tumca ver vityvi 

rom man sasikeTo roli iTamaSa. pol valers rom davesesxo: 

`man Cveni sulis zrda ver SeZlo~. misi wignebi 

elvare metaforuli azrovnebis nimuSia. mas oqtavio pasma 

uZRvna genialuri essei. _ 

òrtega-i-gasets. rogor da risTvis? vaRiareb Oortega 

i. gasetis Rrma da originalur azrovnebas. Tumca iZulebuli 

gavxdi teqstSi is parodiuli saxeliT momexseniebina _ 

artiga i-qimeriusi. 

50. r. vagneri – (1813_1883) didi germaneli kompozitori, 

diriJori, mus. mwerali da Teatraluri moRvawe. 

51. andro buaCiZe – gamoCenili qarTveli poeti, literatori 

da mTargmneli. 

52. andrei tarkovski (1932_1986) _ genialuri rusi 

reJisori, scenaristi, msaxiobi, mwerali. 

53. Jan de la briuieri _ frangi mwerali, moralisti 

da moazrovne. 

54. holderlini _ (1770-1843w.). genialuri germaneli 

dramaturgi, poeti, filosofosi, mistikosi. `haidegeri 

aRniSnavda, rom Stefan georgesa da rainer maria rilkes 

leqsebSi (rilkes `duinuri elegiebi~). swored holderlinis 

lirikisagan miiRes gadamwyveti impulsi~. n. kakabaZe. 

55. robert muzili – (1880 – 1942 ). udidesi avstrieli 

mwerali romanisti, novelisti da esseisti. 

56. rolan barti (1915_1980) _ frangi literaturis 

kritikosi, literaturis da socialur mecnierebaTa Teoretikosi, 

filosofosi da semiotikosi. bartis naSromebma, romelic 

mraval sferos moicavs, gavlena moaxdina sxvadasxva 

Teo riul skolaze, maT Soris struqturalizmze, semiologiaze, 

egzistencializmze, marqsizmsa da poststruqturalizmze. 

57. onore de balzaki _ (1789-1850) – didi frangi mwerali, 

romanisti. balzaki ambobda: `sakmarisi ar aris iyo 

ubralo adamiani, _ ambobda igi, unda iyo mTeli sistema~. 

amboben, rom man ukve uamravi romanis avtorma dante 

aligieris `RvTaebrivi~ komediis `sapirispirod~ roca 

moifiqra da Semoxaza Tavisi romanebis gamaerTianebeli sa- 

Tauri àdamianuri komedia~, maSin igrZno Tavisi geniis 

Zalmosileba da mizandasaxuloba. 

58. viaCelsav ivanovi (1866_1949). rusi poeti, dramaturgi, 

filologi. 1905 wlis Semdeg rusi simbolistebis 

meore Taobis Teoretikosi gaxda. Targmna petrarka, dante 

da sxva. 

59. dionise areopageli _ gv. ix. kom. (46) 

60. zurab kiknaZe (1933 Tbilisi) – cnobili qarTveli 

literaturaTmcodne, mTargmneli da miTologiis cnobili 

specialisti. 

61. wminda makare didi, egvipteli 30 wlisa ukve srulyofili 

beri iyo. mas `Wabuk moxucsac~ uwodebdnen. wminda 

makari didma mravali tanjva da devna ganicada mwvalebel- 

Tagan. man 97 weli icxovra amqveynad, romelTagan 60 weli 

udabnoSi dahyo, igi aResrula 391 wels. Cvenamde moaRwia 

misma 57 homiliam da Svidma samoRZvrebo sityvam. 

`RvTiuri sibrZnis enciklopedia~ gv. 581. 

62. a. Sopenhaueri _ (1788-1860) didi germaneli filosofosi. 

Zir. naSromi: `samyaro, rogorc neba da warmodgena~ 

cnobilia goeTes sityvebi misi misamarTiT gamoTqmuli: `Tu 

298 299

gsurs datkbe Seni mniSvnelobiT, nu waarTmev yovelgvar 

mniSvnelobas samyaros~. 

63. Jan pol sartri (1905_1980) didi frangi mwerali 

da mimdinareoba egzistencializmis wamyvani filosofosi. 

1964 wels uari Tqva nobelis premiaze literaturaSi. 

64. T. adorno _ (1903-1969) w. germaneli filosofosi 

da mus. Teoretikosi. 

65. nikoloz kuzaneli – (1401_1464) italieli filosofosi. 

maTematikosi, astronomi da fizikosi. farTo ganaTlebis 

mecnieri da Rrmad morwmune Teologi qmnis filosofiur 

naSromebs: `swavluli arcodnis Sesaxeb~, `gulubryvilo~ 

da `sibrZnis miRwevis Sesaxeb~. 

66. Sarl bodleri (1821_1867) _ genialuri frangi poeti, 

eseisti, prozaikosi. misi leqsebis krebuliT xelovnebis 

àmoyiravebuli samyaros~ modeli Seiqmna. `kaeni da abeli~ 

pirdapir da TvalnaTliv gviCvenebs, am àmoyiravebuli samyaros~ 

models. 

67. plotini (daax. 204_269). berZeni filosofosi, neoplatonizmis 

fuZemdebeli. mas ekuTvnis yvelaze gasaocari 

mistiur-filosofiuri Txzuleba ènneadebi~. 

68. a. losevi (1898_1988) _ didi rusi filosofosi. 

florenskis msgavsad udides mniSvnelobas aniWebda saxels, 

is werda: `saxeli Tavis TavSi moicavs ontologiur 

JReradobas. saxelis gareSe xom samyaro bneli, yru da munjia. 

mxolod saxels ZaluZs misi gansuliereba~. `saxelTa 

filosofia~ - 1927 w. misi yuradRebis centrSia mudmivad 

miTebSi arsebuli simboloebi: `miTis dialeqtika~ (1930) 

misi yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawarmoebia: àntikuri esTetikis 

istoria~. gansacvifrebelia misi wigni: `musika rogorc 

logikis sagani~.is gamodioda filosofiis, maTematikisa da 

musikis erTianobidan. 

69. ilia II. (irakli RuduSauri_SiolaSvili) (1933 w. 

4 ianvari) – uwmindesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos 

kaTolikos patriarqi, mcxeTa – Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi. 

1957 wels berad aRikveca da wminda ilia winaswarmetyvelis 

pativsacemad ilia ewoda. 1977 wels wminda sinodis 

mier arCeuli iqna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqad. 

disertaciaSi àTonis iverTa monastris istoria~ 

1960. RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris wodeba mianiWa niu-iorkis 

sasuliero seminariam 1979 w. aris kretis sasuliero 

akademiis sapatio da gaerosTan arsebuli informatizaciis 

saerTaSoriso akademiis namdvili wevri; kviprosis sasuliero 

akademiis sapatio doqtori (1977 wlidan) amerikis 

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis wm. tixonis saRvTismetyvelo 

seminariam RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris sapatio wodeba mianiWa 

(1998w.). dajildoebulia TiTqmis yvela marTlmadidebluri 

eklesiis umaRlesi jildoTi. aris niu-iorkis wm. 

vladimiris sasuliero seminariis (1986 w.), amerikis mar- 

Tlmadidebeli eklesiis umaRlesi jildos wm. inokentis 

ordenis mflobeli. (1998 w.)~. 

`RvTiuri sibrZnis enciklopedia~ gv. 589. Semdg. g. kalandaZe. 

300 301

sarCevi 

saubari saubramde .......................................................................................... 3 

esse _ `hamletis niRabs amofarebuli xelovani~ ............. 4-23 

drama `xelovanis gza~ .................................................................... 24-146 

esse-is komentarebi .......................................................................147-199 

piesis komentarebi ..........................................................................200-287 

komentarebSi moxseniebuli avtorebi ..................................288-300 

avtoris SeniSvna: 

komentarebSi citirebuli pol valeris azri (gv.151) 

arazus tia: 

`yoveli sistemis dasasruli rom yalbia, es araviTar eWvs 

ar iwvevs. sawinaaRmdego daskvna SeuZlebeli iqneboda da arabunebrivi. 

rac Seexeba maT dasawyiss dasawyiss, – amaze SeiZleba kidev idavos 

kacma~. p. valeri àzrebi~ gv. 95. 

amis gamo Cems komentarebSi araswori interpretacia mieca 

valeris Semoqmedebas. kerZod, me vwer: 

am fraziT pol valeri im gardauval kanonzomierebaze 

migvaniSnebs, rom mocimcime moneta yvela samyaroSi WeSmaritebas 

gvaziarebs, Tumca amiT man mTeli Tavisi Semoqmedebis sawinaaRmdego 

argumenti SemogvTavaza. 

me SecdomaSi Semiyvana Cveni brwyinvale mTargmnelis da 

moazrovnis Targmanma. (p. valeris `rCeuli proza~ frang. 

Targmna baCana bregvaZem, gamomc. `nakaduli~, 1983) 

`yoveli yoveli sistemis dasasruli rom yalbia, yalbia es araviTar eWvs 


rac Seexeba maT dasasruls, dasasruls – amaze SeiZleba kidev idavos 


zusti iqneboda ase Semesworebina es fraza: 

_ `yoveli yoveli sistemis dasawyisi rom yalbia, yalbia es araviTar eWvs 


rac Seexeba maT dasasruls dasasruls, – amaze SeiZleba kidev idavos 


ai ras wers valeri Tavis gaxmaurebul SedevrSi. 

`Âå÷åð ñ ãîñïîäèíîì Òýñòîì~: 

`Òî, ÷òî îíè íàçûâàþò âûñøèì ñóùåñòâîì, åñòü ëèøü 

ñóùåñòâî, êîòîðîå îøèáëîñü~ 

iqve is akonkretebs am azrs: 

`Êàæäûé óì, ñ÷èòàþùèñÿ ìîãóùåñòâåííûì, íà÷èíàåò ñ 

îøèáêè, êîòîðàÿ äåëàåò åãî èçâåñòíûì~ññòð. 91. 

302 303

J. siraZe 

xelovanis gza 

gamomcemloba `meridiani~ 

Tbilisi 2008 

teq. redaqtori inga navrozaSvili 

gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 

al. yazbegis gamz. #45 

E – mail: info@meridianpub.com t. 39-15-22

148 149 1. uiliam Seqspiri (1564-1616) genialuri ingliseli dramaturgi ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?