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Tamar diasamiZe verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikacia etiketur ...

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aTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />

ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebaTa fakulteti<br />

slavistikis departamenti<br />

<strong>Tamar</strong> <strong>diasamiZe</strong><br />

<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong> <strong>etiketur</strong><br />

formulebSi<br />

F<br />

(filologiis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad<br />

warmodgenili naSromi<br />

specialoba: eneTmecniereba (Targmanmcodneoba)<br />

baTumi - 2012<br />

samecniero xelmZRvaneli,<br />

asoc.prof. fil.m\k q. svaniZe<br />

1


sarCevi<br />

Sesavali ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3<br />

Tavi I. komunikaciis lingvokulturologiuri buneba....................................................9<br />

I.I. komunikaciis kulturologiuri arsi.......................................................................... 9<br />

I.II komunikaciis <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> aspeqtebi...............................27<br />

Tavi II. ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis kulturaTSorisi aspeqtebi........................53<br />

Tavi III. socialuri ierarqia <strong>etiketur</strong> formulebSi kulturaTSorisi<br />

komunikaciis procesSi.....................................................................................................................................92<br />

<strong>da</strong>skvna............................................................................................................................................................................126<br />

gamoyenebuli literatura........................................................................................................................128<br />

2


Sesavali<br />

epoqalurma socialur-politikurma Zvrebma, rac paradigmis<br />

SecvliT <strong>da</strong>gvirgvin<strong>da</strong>, mniSvnelovnad gazar<strong>da</strong> pirovnebisadmi interesi.<br />

es interesi <strong>da</strong>emTxva mecnierebis ganviTarebis axali paradigmis,<br />

anTropocentrizmis Camoyalibebis epoqas, romelmac humanitarul<br />

mecnierebebs kvlevis axleburi perspeqtivebi <strong>da</strong>usaxa.<br />

Mme-20 saukunis bolo aTwleulSi warmoiSva axali enobrivi<br />

koncefciebi, gamoikveTa kvlevis axali mimarTulebani, romelmac<br />

enaTmecnierebaSi ZiriTad amocanad “a<strong>da</strong>mianis faqtoris” gaTvaliswineba<br />

<strong>da</strong>isaxa. Sesabamisad, axleburad <strong>da</strong>isva rigi lingvistur-filosofiuri<br />

sakiTxebi, romelTagan mniSvnelovania azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong> enis<br />

urTierTkavSiris, a<strong>da</strong>mianis individualuri inteleqtualuri, emociuri,<br />

Sinagani mdgomareobis, paralingvisturi maxasiaTeblebis swori gageba,<br />

fsiqologiuri Tvisebebis erTiani asaxva axal enobriv paradigmaSi.<br />

amasTan erTad, gamoikveTa meTodologiuri Zvrebic anTropologiuri<br />

lingvistikis TvalsazrisiT. samecniero mimoqcevaSi Semovi<strong>da</strong> axali,<br />

yovlismomcveli cnebebi: enobrivi pirovneba, konceptualuri struqtura,<br />

koncepti <strong>da</strong> iseTi mravalspreqtiani fenomeni, rogoricaa samyaros<br />

enobrivi xati (Кузнецова 2007:44).<br />

Tanamedrove msoflioSi Seqmnil viTarebaSi, rodesac sayovelTao<br />

sazogadoeba midis globalizaciis gziT, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas<br />

iZens kulturologiuri xasiaTis kvlevebi, romlebic ayalibeben<br />

zogadsakacobrio kulturis saxes <strong>da</strong>, amave dros, iZlevian<br />

TviTmyofadobis gamovlenis saSualebas.<br />

Uuaxlesi drois msoflio socialurma, politikurma <strong>da</strong><br />

ekonomikurma Zvrebma gamoiwvia xalxebis aqamde arnaxuli migracia <strong>da</strong><br />

maTi kulturuli konfliqtic. marTalia, gaiol<strong>da</strong> erTa Soris<br />

urTierToba, magram Tavi iCina gagebis problemam. es problema erT-erTi<br />

centraluria Tanamedrove epoqaSi, romelic cdilobs ga<strong>da</strong>Wras igi<br />

kulturaTSorisi dialogis, urTierTgagebis gziT.<br />

Aaxali drois mecniereba ama Tu im kulturas Seiswavlis<br />

kompleqsurad, misi ganviTarebis yvela aspeqtSi (cxovrebis wesi,<br />

3


msoflmxedveloba, cnobiereba, mentaliteti, erovnuli xasiaTi, a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

sulieri sazogadoebrivi <strong>da</strong> warmoebiTi moRvaweobis Sedegebi).<br />

Tanamedrove mecnierebis yuradRebis centrSia moqceuli enis,<br />

cnobierebisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis rTuli urTierTgavlena, rodesac enaSi<br />

aisaxeba yoveli konkretuli eTnosis kulturuli cnobierebis faqtebi,<br />

xolo enobrivi kategoriebi Tavis mxriv gavlenas axdens a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

cnobierebaze, gansazRvravs misi azrovnebis tips, msoflaRqmas,<br />

Rirebulebebis sistemasa <strong>da</strong> socialur qcevas. Aamrigad, a<strong>da</strong>mianis mier<br />

sinamdvilis aRqma ganpirobebulia im eTnojgufis kulturiT, romelsac<br />

igi miekuTvneba, rac aisaxeba mis enaSi. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ena<br />

warmoadgens garkveul kods, romelic iWreba ra azrovnebis yvela<br />

procesSi, ayalibebs a<strong>da</strong>mianis _ enis matareblis pirovnebas, masSi<br />

kodirebul msoflmxedvelobas.<br />

zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, enaTmecniereba enas ganixilavs<br />

rogorc “sistemas moqmedebaSi”. Tanamedrove lingvistikaSi a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

ganixileba enaTmecnierebis “mTavari obieqtad” <strong>da</strong> radganac enis<br />

Semoqmedi a<strong>da</strong>miania, bunebrivia, rom komunikaciuri lingvistika<br />

orientirebuli iqneba a<strong>da</strong>mianze, rogorc metyvel subieqtze. A<br />

Tumca amavdroulad,Mmecnieruli kvleva-Zieba cxadyofs, rom<br />

komunikaciis efeqturad warmaTvaSi did rols asrulebs rogorc<br />

<strong>verbaluri</strong>, ise ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebi_prosodiuli <strong>da</strong> paralingvisturi<br />

elementebi. swored am faqtma ganapiroba, kvlevis obieqtisadmi am<br />

kuTxiT midgoma. Cven vikvlevT <strong>komunikacia</strong>s, rogorc enobriv-kulturuli<br />

fenomenis araverbalur ganzomilebas <strong>etiketur</strong> formulebSi.<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, sadoqtoro naSromi miznad isaxavs<br />

komunikaciis, rogorc enobriv-kulturuli fenomenisa <strong>da</strong> misi <strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> ganzomilebebis Taviseburebebis gamokvlevas <strong>etiketur</strong><br />

formulebSi; ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis cnebis <strong>da</strong>zustebas<br />

anTropocentristul <strong>da</strong> fsiqolingvistur konteqstebSi; ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

komunikaciis normebis zogadi erovnuli an eTnikuri bunebis<br />

gansazRvras; qarTul diskursSi miRebuli <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

xerxebis kompleqsur kroskulturul analizs <strong>da</strong>savlur <strong>da</strong> aRmosavlur<br />

kulturebSi. kerZod, Cvens mier Catarebuli kvleva aris mcdeloba,<br />

4


ganisazRvros qarTuli kulturis mimarTeba <strong>da</strong>savlur <strong>da</strong> aRmosavlur<br />

kulturebTan, misi, rogorc am or civilizaciaTa mijnaze arsebuli<br />

kulturis adgili <strong>da</strong> buneba.<br />

sadoqtoro naSromis mizani gulisxmobs qarTuli ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

niSnebis Seswavlisa <strong>da</strong> msoflio araverbalur sistemaSi maTi Sesabamisi<br />

“adgilis miCenis” safuZvelze qarTuli kulturis adgilis, poziciis<br />

gansazRvras.<br />

aRniSnuli miznebis misaRwevad Cven <strong>da</strong>visaxeT Semdegi konkretuli<br />

amocanebi: enobrivi procesebis <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis<br />

urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis gamovlena <strong>da</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong>Si maTi rolis<br />

diferenciacia; kulturaTSoris konteqstSi <strong>verbaluri</strong>, ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

kreolizebuli teqstebis nairgvarobis <strong>da</strong>dgena (metyvelebaSi<br />

kreolizeburi teqsti rTuli teqstualuri warmonaqmnia, romelSic<br />

<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ikonikuri elementebi qmnian erTian vizualur,<br />

struqturul, azrobriv <strong>da</strong> funqciur mTlianobas, mimarTuls adresatis<br />

kompleqsur pragmatul zemoqmedebaze). Cvens SemTxvevaSi kreolizebulad<br />

moviazrebT Sereuli faqturis (<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

ganzomilebis mqone teqstebs); qarTuli ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebis, maTi<br />

mimarTebis gamovlena sxva araverbalur niSnebTan; <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis ZiriTadi tipebis gamovlena <strong>da</strong> aRwera.<br />

winamdebareNnaSromis aqtualoba ganpirobebulia Semdegi<br />

garemoebiT: mecnierebma <strong>da</strong>adgines, rom enis meSveobiT mosaubres<br />

informaciis 35% ga<strong>da</strong>ecema, enasTan erTad arsebobs urTierTobis sxva<br />

uamravi saSualeba, romlebic informacias gadmogvcemen. urTierTobis<br />

aseTi forma mecnierebma gaaerTianes “ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis”<br />

cnebaSi. Jestebi, mimikebi, poza, tansacmeli, varcxniloba, Cveni<br />

garemomcveli sagnebi, Cveni moqmedebis Cvevebi _ yvela eseni urTierTobis<br />

gansazRvrul saxeobas warmoadgenen, romlebmac miiRo ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

urTierTobis saxelwodeba. e.i. iseTebi, romlebic usityvod xdeba, maTi<br />

wilia informaciis <strong>da</strong>rCenili 65%, romelic komunikaciis procesSi<br />

gadmoicema.<br />

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom qarTuli ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebis<br />

kulturul-erovnuli Taviseburebebis Seswavla, maTi adgilisa <strong>da</strong><br />

5


unebis gansazRvra <strong>da</strong>savlur <strong>da</strong> aRmosavlur kulturebTan mimarTebaSi<br />

ar asaxula qarTul lingvistikaSi, SeiZleba winamdebare gamokvleva<br />

aqtualurad miviCnioT.<br />

aRniSnuli problemis aqtualoba <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia, agreTve<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebis swor interpretaciasTan, romlis<br />

gaTvaliswinebac agvaridebs gaugebrobiT gamowveul xSir konfliqtebs.<br />

swored am TvalsazrisiT sakvlevi problema aqtualurad migvaCnia.<br />

sadoqtoro naSromis samecniero siaxle Semdegi faqtorebiTaa<br />

ganpirobebuli: naSromSi vikvlevT komunikaciis <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebis funqcionirebas <strong>etiketur</strong> formulebSi, qarTul<br />

kulturasa <strong>da</strong> sinamdileSi.<br />

naSromis samecniero siaxle mdgomareobs imaSi, rom kvlevis<br />

obieqtia metyveli subieqtis, rogorc konkretuli kulturis<br />

warmomadgenlis, ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> maxasiaTeblebi.<br />

SeuZlebelia zustad vicodeT, Tu ra xdeba meore a<strong>da</strong>mianSi.<br />

SesaZlebelia mxolod varaudebis ageba adresantisagan momavali<br />

<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> signalebis gaSifvris safuZvelze <strong>da</strong> imis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu romeli kulturis warmomadgenlebi arian isini.<br />

me-20 saukunis bolo<strong>da</strong>n moyolebuli, sul ufro naTlad ikveTeba<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis sferos specialistebis saWiroeba. raoden<br />

gasakviric un<strong>da</strong> iyos, komunikaciis ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> aspeqtebis<br />

siRrmiseuli <strong>da</strong> Tanmimdevruli Seswavla mxolod me-20 saukunis meore<br />

naxevarSi <strong>da</strong>iwyo.<br />

naSromis siaxle <strong>da</strong> originaloba gamoixateba im faqtSic, rom es<br />

mecniereba TavisTavad axalia. sakiTxis axleburi kuTxis kvleviT <strong>da</strong><br />

qarTuli ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebis SeswavliT, maTTvis Sesabamisi<br />

“adgilis miCeniT” ganisazRvreba qarTuli kulturis Sesabamisi Sris<br />

adgili msoflio araverbalur sistemaSi, raze<strong>da</strong>c Tanamedrove<br />

mecnierebaSi didi moTxovnaa.<br />

naSromis Teoriuli Rirebuleba. specialuri literaturis<br />

gamoyenebisa <strong>da</strong> enobriv-kulturologiuri kvlevis safuZvelze Cven<br />

gamovyofT erTmaneTisagan komunikaciis pragmatikis verbalur <strong>da</strong><br />

6


araverbalur ganzomilebebs <strong>da</strong> ganvsazRvravT maT rols komunikaciis<br />

procesSi.<br />

Cven mier ganxilul naSromebSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia<br />

komunikaciis an mxolod verbalur an mis araverbalur mxareze.<br />

mocemuli naSromis Teoriuli Rirebuleba mdgomareobs komunikaciis<br />

rogorc <strong>verbaluri</strong>, aseve ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> Teoriuli bazis SeqmnaSi, rac<br />

gulisxmobs komunikaciis aRniSnuli aspeqtebis kompleqsis Seswavlas.<br />

Kkomunikaciis araefeqturoba ganpirobebulia komunikaciis im<br />

strategiaTa gamouyeneblobiT Tu <strong>da</strong>rRveviT, romlebic un<strong>da</strong><br />

axasiaTebdes gamonaTqvams komunikaciis efeqturad warmarTvisaTvis.<br />

komunikaciis efeqturoba ganisazRvreba aramarto gamonaTqvamis<br />

mniSvnelobis gagebis xarisxiT, aramed mosaubris qcevis swori Sefasebis<br />

unariT. kerZod, kinesikuri paralingvizmebi swored is elementebia,<br />

romelTa mniSvnelobiTac grZnobebs mZime gancdebs <strong>da</strong> emociebs ufro<br />

srulyofilad gamovxatavT, vavlenT Tu ra <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba gvaqvs<br />

sinamdvileSi gamonaTqvamsa <strong>da</strong> komunikantis mimarT.<br />

araverbalur enas erTi unikaluri Tviseba aqvs: mas SeuZlia “gasces”<br />

komunikanti imdenad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c misi saSualebiT vlindeba komunikantis<br />

WeSmariti, SeuniRbavi saxe. swored kinesikuri maxasiaTeblebis<br />

“wakiTxvis” unari, gvexmareba imaSi, rom <strong>da</strong>veWvdeT mosaubris<br />

gamonaTqvamSi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vinaxoT misi realuri saxe.<br />

erTi <strong>da</strong> igive Jesti sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvarad aRiqmeba kulturis<br />

gansxvavebul tipebSi. Cveni TvalsazrisiT, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturis<br />

warmomadgenlebTan urTierTobis procesSi <strong>verbaluri</strong> Tu ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

niSnebis gamoyenebis dros sifrTxile <strong>da</strong> didi yuradReba gvmarTebs.<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, marTebulia mocemul kulturaSi miRebuli Jestebis<br />

winaswar Seswavla <strong>da</strong> Tu ara varT <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli, UTu rogor aRiqmeba<br />

Cven mier gamoyebebuli Jesti sxva kulturaSi, maSin umjobesia Tavi<br />

avaridoT mis demonstrirebas.<br />

naSromis praqtikuli Rirebuleba. warmodgenili naSromi sintereso<br />

iqneba im mecnierebisaTvis, vinc <strong>da</strong>iteresebulia <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis Taviseburebebis SeswavliT <strong>etiketur</strong><br />

formulebSi, vinc ikvlevs inglisuri <strong>da</strong> qarTuli <strong>etiketur</strong>i<br />

7


formulebis ganpirobebulobas Sesabamisi kulturebis <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> meqanizmebiT. Mmisi debulebebi SeiZleba gaxdes<br />

speckursebisa <strong>da</strong> specseminarebis Sinaarsis nawili iseT <strong>da</strong>rgebSi,<br />

rogorebicaa kulturologia, lingvokulturologia, kulturaTSorisi<br />

komunikaciebi, TargmanTmcodneoba.<br />

naSromis struqturasa <strong>da</strong> moculobas gansazRvravs kvlevis miznebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> amocanebi. igi moicavs 133 nabeWd gverds. sadoqtoro naSromi Sedgeba<br />

Sesavlis, sami Tavisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnisagan; Tan erTvis gamoyenebuli<br />

samecniero literaturis sia.<br />

8


Tavi I. Kkomunikaciis lingvokulturologiuri buneba<br />

I.I. komunikaciis kulturologiuri arsi<br />

sityva “<strong>komunikacia</strong>” erT-erTia im mraval ucxo sityvaTagan,<br />

romlebic dReisaTvis farTod gamoiyeneba enaSi. igi warmoiSva laTinuri<br />

sityvisagan “Communico”, rac niSnavs “saerTos vxdi, vakavSireb,<br />

vurTierTob”.<br />

sayuradReboa is faqti, rom sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mecnieri gansxvavebulad<br />

gansazRvravs sityva “<strong>komunikacia</strong>s”.<br />

yvelanairi <strong>komunikacia</strong> warmoadgens or aspeqts: Sinaarsis <strong>da</strong><br />

formis urTierTobas, sa<strong>da</strong>c meore Seicavs pirvels, komunikaciis<br />

Sinaarss ki warmoadgens informacia, misi mizania Setyobinebis ga<strong>da</strong>cema,<br />

igi gamoiyeneba rogorc sityva “urTierTobis” sinonimi (Макаров 2003: 13).<br />

Ee.i. <strong>komunikacia</strong> aris urTierToba, kavSiri. Aadre komunikaciis nacvlad<br />

iyenebdnen sityva “urTierTobas”, romelic moicav<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianTa Soris<br />

arsebuli uSualo kontaqtebis yvela formas, dRes ki <strong>komunikacia</strong>m<br />

TiTqmis srulad Secvala sityva “urTierToba”, <strong>da</strong>imkvidra misi adgili<br />

<strong>da</strong> warmoadgens gansakuTrebuli Seswavlis sagans sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

mecnierebaSi.<br />

sityva “komunikaciis” meore mniSvnelobaa Setyobinebis gzebi,<br />

satransporto kavSirebi, miwisqveSa komunaluri qselebi. magaliTad,<br />

miwisqveSa, sahaero <strong>da</strong> sxva komunikaciebi, sakomunikacio sistema. Cven<br />

gvainteresebs termin “komunikaciis” Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveli mniSvneloba, radganac<br />

Cveni Seswavlis obieqts swored a<strong>da</strong>mianTa Soris urTierToba<br />

warmoadgens. am mniSvnelobasTanaa <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli terminis cnebis<br />

mecnieruli gansazRvrac. mocemul lingvistur enciklopediur<br />

leqsikonSi “<strong>komunikacia</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianTa urTierTqmedebis specialuri formaa<br />

maTi SemecnebiT -SromiTi moqmedebis procesSi” (Гойхман 2005:6).<br />

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom mwerebi, frinvelebi, cxovelebi<br />

informaciis gacvlis mdi<strong>da</strong>r bgeriT <strong>da</strong> kinetikur (moZrav) saSualebebs<br />

floben, Tumca maT Soris urTierTqmedebas mecnierebi uwodeben<br />

“biologiurad mizanmimarTul qcevas, mimarTuls a<strong>da</strong>ptaciisaken <strong>da</strong><br />

regulirebuls nawilobriv signalizaciiT” (Гойхман 2005:7).<br />

9


enobrivi komunikaciis mTavari mizania sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis informaciis<br />

gacvla. cxadia, rom urTierToba xorcieldeba aramarto enis<br />

saSualebiT. uZvelesi droi<strong>da</strong>n a<strong>da</strong>mianTa sazogadoebaSi gamoiyenebo<strong>da</strong><br />

urTierTobisa <strong>da</strong> informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis <strong>da</strong>matebiTi saSualebebi,<br />

romelTa umravlesobac dRemde arsebobs. magaliTad, afrikis Zireuli<br />

mosaxleoba iyenebs stvenis, signalebis, <strong>da</strong>f<strong>da</strong>febis, zarebis, gongisa <strong>da</strong><br />

sxva amis msgavs xmebSi rogorc urTierTobis saSualebebs. “yvavilTa ena”<br />

gavrcelebulia aRmosavleTSi, agreTve im informaciis gamoxatvis<br />

saSualebas warmoadgens, romelTa gadmocema zog SemTxvevaSi sityvebiT<br />

SeuZlebelia. magaliTad, vardi siyvarulis simboloa, sapovnela _<br />

xsovnis <strong>da</strong> a. S. sagzao niSnebi, SuqniSnis signalebi, signalebis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>cema almebis meSveobiT, <strong>da</strong> a. S. _ yvela maTgani informaciis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>cemis saSualebaa, romelic avsebs a<strong>da</strong>mianTa urTierTobis ZiriTad<br />

saSualebas _ enas.<br />

Tanamedrove komunikaciuri sivrce sakmaod rTuli sistemaa,<br />

romelSic erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi adgili komunikaciis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

tips uWiravs. a<strong>da</strong>miani ama Tu im situaciaSi gansxvavebulad iqceva <strong>da</strong><br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan gansxvavebul urTierTobas amyarebs. gar<strong>da</strong> Aamisa,<br />

komunikaciis bunebasa <strong>da</strong> Taviseburebebs gansazRvraven informaciis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>cemis saSualebebis mixedviT, komunikaciis subieqtebiT <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />

komunikaciis saxeebis raodenoba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wyaroSi sakmaod gansxvavdeba<br />

erTmaneTisagan. Aamave dros am sakiTxTan funqciuri midgoma saSualebas<br />

iZleva gamovyoT komunikaciis Semdegi saxeebi: informaciuli,<br />

funqcionalur-Semfasebluri, rekreaciuli, <strong>da</strong>majerebeli <strong>da</strong> saritualo.<br />

informaciuli <strong>komunikacia</strong> warmoadgens informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis<br />

process gare samyaros Sesaxeb, romelSic cxovrobs komunikatori <strong>da</strong><br />

recipienti. informaciuli Setyobineba aris Sexeduleba ganxilul<br />

faqtorebze, komunikaciis am saxeobas gansakuTrebuli adgili eTmoba,<br />

vinai<strong>da</strong>n Cndeba axali informaciuli wyaroebi, romelTa Soris yvelaze<br />

globaluria interneti. internetis wyalobiT xelmisawvdomi xdeba<br />

msoflio samecniero biblioTeka, nebismieri gazeTi, ukanaskneli<br />

siaxleebi.<br />

10


afeqtur-Semfasebluri <strong>komunikacia</strong> emyareba <strong>da</strong>debiT an uaryofiT<br />

grZnobebs sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan mimarTebaSi. komunikaciis am saxeobaSi ar<br />

aris faqtebi obieqturad Camoyalibebuli, aq aris subieqturoba. yvela<br />

es forma aris afeqtur-Semfasebluri <strong>komunikacia</strong>. es <strong>komunikacia</strong><br />

warmoadgens SesaZleblobas gaaZlieros an Seasustos Sefaseba <strong>da</strong><br />

grZnobebis gamoxatva, rac informaciuli komunikaciis SemTxvevaSi<br />

SeuZlebelia. afeqturi komunikaciis mniSvnelovan Semadgenel nawils<br />

warmoadgens empaTia. empaTia gamoixateba or formaSi: pirvel rigSi, is<br />

aris unari grZnobebis <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> gamoxatvisa; Mmeored,<br />

is aris emociaze pasuxis gacema imgvarad, rogorc es saWiro <strong>da</strong><br />

SesaZlebeli iqneba mosaubrisaTvis.<br />

rekreaciuli <strong>komunikacia</strong> urTierTobis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formas moicavs,<br />

romelic mosaubres gantvirTvisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebis saSualebas aZlevs.<br />

amgvar <strong>komunikacia</strong>s a<strong>da</strong>mianebi qmnian warmosaxviT situaciebSi, rodesac<br />

awvdian erTmaneTs informacias, yvebian ambebs, anegdotebs <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

rekreaciuli komunikaciis met-naklebad gavrcelebuli formebia:<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis diskusia, konkursebi, olimpiadebi <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />

<strong>da</strong>majerebeli <strong>komunikacia</strong> warmoadgens komunikaciis iseT saxeobas,<br />

romelic mimarTulia romelime moqmedebis stimulirebisaken. is<br />

gamoixateba brZanebaSi, Txovnasa <strong>da</strong> rCevaSi. amgvar <strong>komunikacia</strong>Si<br />

monawileebi zemoqmedeben erTmaneTze. Kkomunikaciis am formaTagan erT-<br />

erTi cnobili aris reklama. masSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani manipulaciis<br />

elementia sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierTobisas ga<strong>da</strong>svla. mniSvnelovania<br />

kulturuli dialogis leqsikac. magaliTad, saubrisas Cven viRimebiT an<br />

vambobT “gTxovT” an “madloba”, ar vaCvenebT mosaubres Cvens ganwyobas.<br />

garegnuli mxarec aseve <strong>da</strong>majerebel funqcias asrulebs.<br />

mouwesrigebeli, usufTao Sesaxe<strong>da</strong>obiT Cven ganzrax ukuvagdebT sxvebs.<br />

mowesrigebulobiT ki piriqiT, vcdilobT Cven mimarT kargad ganvawyoT<br />

isini, viszec <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia Cveni warmateba. ferTa palitra asrulebs<br />

rogorc afeqtur-Semfaseblur, aseve <strong>da</strong>majerebel rolebs, radganac<br />

gvexmareba zegavlena movaxdinoT partniorze.<br />

saritualo <strong>komunikacia</strong> gamoixateba socialurad <strong>da</strong>dgenil qcevaTa<br />

SesrulebaSi. magaliTad, aviRoT maswavleblisa <strong>da</strong> moswavlis<br />

11


urTierToba. roca maswavlebeli Sedis klasSi, yvela fexze dgeba.<br />

nacnobebi erTmaneTs esalmebian xelis CamorTmeviT.<br />

komunikaciis kvlevisas gamoyofen masobriv, pirovnebaTSoris <strong>da</strong><br />

Si<strong>da</strong>pirovnul komunikaciebs. es saxeebi SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vukavSiroT mxolod<br />

pirovnebaTSoris <strong>da</strong> masobriv komunikaciebs, romlebic warmoadgens<br />

urTierTobis or poluss. pirovnebaTSoris komunikaciur situaciaSi<br />

udides rols asrulebs komunikantTa kulturuli warmomavloba.<br />

kultura ver iarsebebs a<strong>da</strong>mianTa urTierTobis procesis gareSe.<br />

nebismieri kulturis matarebeli yovelTvis a<strong>da</strong>miania. yoveli individis<br />

Se<strong>da</strong>reba SeiZleba “kulturul aisbergTan”, misi qceva xom ganisazRvreba<br />

inkulturaciis procesSi RirebulebiT <strong>da</strong> kulturuli normebiT. isini<br />

gansazRvraven verbalur, araverbarul <strong>da</strong> paraverbalur komunikaciur<br />

saSualebebs. Cven mier gamoyenebul verbalur <strong>da</strong> araverbalur<br />

saSualebebs xSirad komunikanti avtomaturad igebs. winaaRmdeg<br />

SemTxvevaSi <strong>da</strong>Zabuloba iqmneba.<br />

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, a<strong>da</strong>mianTa Soris urTierToba gansxvavdeba<br />

cxovelTa urTierTobisagan radgan, pirveli ganxvavebuli warmatebiTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> efeqturobiT mimdinareobs. Kkomunikaciis warmateba ganisazRvreba<br />

rigi maCveneblebiT, romelTa Soris umTavresia pragmatikuli <strong>da</strong><br />

socialur-fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi.<br />

socialur-fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania<br />

<strong>da</strong>kmayofileba TviT am procesiT, rodesac araa grZeli pauzebi.<br />

komunikaciis warmateba vlindeba aseve partniorTan kontaqtis<br />

SenarCunebaSi.<br />

Aamrigad, komunikaciis warmatebulobas ganapirobebs a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

komunikaciuri qcevis integraluri xasiaTi. Aam konteqstSi<br />

pirovnebaTSorisi <strong>komunikacia</strong> procesia, romelic regulirdeba rogorc<br />

garkveuli socialuri kanonzomierebiT, aseve kulturulad <strong>da</strong>dgenili<br />

wesebiT. Ees procesi ganisazRvreba rogorc garegnuli zegavleniT, aseve<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis Sinagani mdgomareobiT.<br />

1. kontaqturoba aris specialuri socialuri xarisxi, romlis<br />

safuZvelicaa bunebrivi urTierToba. Ees aris fsiqologiuri kontaqtis<br />

warmarTvisa <strong>da</strong> ndobis mopovebis unari;<br />

12


2.komunikaciuri SeTavseba warmoiqmneba urTierTgagebis safuZvelze<br />

<strong>da</strong> komunikaciis iseTi arasasurveli SedegiT xasiaTdeba, rogoric aris<br />

<strong>da</strong>Zabuloba;<br />

3. a<strong>da</strong>ptaciuroba ar niSnavs pirovnuli Tavisuflebis maRal<br />

dones urTierTobebSi. igi gamoixateba Tav<strong>da</strong>jerebulobasa <strong>da</strong> sakuTari<br />

principebis rwmenaSi. urTierTobis procesze aseve TviTkontroli,<br />

TviTSegneba, urTierTobis stili zemoqmedebs. miCneulia, rom maRali<br />

TviTkontrolis mqone a<strong>da</strong>mianebi kargad eqvemdebarebian swavlebasa <strong>da</strong><br />

aqvT unari survilisamebr moaxdinon zemoqmedeba a<strong>da</strong>mianze. amerikelma<br />

mecnierma v.gudikunstma Caatara gamokvleva, romlis Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c<br />

TviTkontrolis xarisxi amerikelebSi ufro maRalia, vidre iaponelebsa<br />

<strong>da</strong> koreelebSi (Gudykunst 1998: 213).<br />

TviTSegneba aris individis Tviseba, yuradReba miaqcios sakuTar<br />

moqmedebebs. TviTSegnebas aqvs pirovnuli <strong>da</strong> sazogado aspeqtebi. v.<br />

gudikunstma Tavis kvlevaSi aseve aCvena, rom iaponelebsa <strong>da</strong> koreelebSi<br />

SiSis faqtori ufro maRalia, vidre amerikelebSi. Ees man imiT axsna,<br />

rom iaponelebi gaurbian gaurkvevlobas.<br />

sazogado TviTSegneba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia yuradRebasa <strong>da</strong><br />

koncentraciaze, Tu ramdenad SeuZlia sxvaze zegavlena <strong>da</strong> socialuri<br />

konteqstis ignorireba, amitomac is ufro viTardeba individualur<br />

kulturaSi.<br />

urTierTobasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong>Si gageba aucilebelia yvelasaTvis.<br />

es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac pirovnebas aqvs unari sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva situaciaSi<br />

gaugos mosaubres. Kkomunikaciuri gageba miT maRalia a<strong>da</strong>mianisaTvis, rac<br />

ufro midrekilia martoobisken, socialur izolaciaSi cxovrobs igi.<br />

Aamrigad, TviTizolaciisaken midrekili a<strong>da</strong>miani ufro sworad<br />

aRiqvams mosaubres, vidre socialurad warmatebuli <strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>da</strong>jerebuli<br />

individi.<br />

Kkomunikaciis procesSi urTierTobis stili informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis<br />

saSualebaa. ganasxvaveben komunikaciuri stilis Semdeg ZiriTad saxeebs:<br />

dominanturi _ mcdeloba urTierTobaSi sxvisi rolis <strong>da</strong>kninebisa;<br />

dramatuli -Setyobinebis emociuri Seferilobis momateba;<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>vo - agresiuli an mtkicebiTi;<br />

13


STambeW<strong>da</strong>vi _ mosaubreze zemoqmedebis moxdena;<br />

zusti _ urTierTobaSi sizustisa <strong>da</strong> akuratulobisken miswrafeba;<br />

yuradRebiani _ mosaubris mimarT interesis gamovlena;<br />

aRmafrTovanebeli _ xSirad ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebebis gamoyeneba;<br />

megobruli _ ubiZgo mosaubres sxva mosaubrisken; sakuTari azris<br />

<strong>da</strong> emociebis Ria gamoxatva. Aam stilis arCeva <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia kulturul<br />

Rirebulebebze, romelSic mimdinareobs <strong>komunikacia</strong>. GGudykunsts azriT,<br />

amerikaSi ufro ganviTarebuli <strong>da</strong> gavrcelebulia sa<strong>da</strong>vo, domimanturi<br />

<strong>da</strong> STambeW<strong>da</strong>vi stili, iaponiisaTvis ki <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia <strong>da</strong>mamSvidebeli<br />

<strong>da</strong> Ria stili (Колшанский 1984:132)<br />

Ggaresamyaro gavlenas axdens Cvens metyvelebasa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebaze.<br />

Cven sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvarad viqceviT samsaxurSi, saswavlebelSi, transportSi,<br />

saqmiani an megobruli Sexvedrebis dros. Kkomunikaciis adgili<br />

migviTiTebs Tavisi qcevis wesebze. Aamgvarad <strong>da</strong>dgenili <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>udgeneli<br />

wesebi arsebobs yvela kulturaSi. TviT is a<strong>da</strong>mianebi gansazRvraven<br />

komunikaciis xasiaTs, romlebTanac vurTierTobT.<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianTa urTierToba iseve usazRvro <strong>da</strong> mravalferovania,<br />

rogorc TviT a<strong>da</strong>mianTa sazogadoeba. Ees mravalferovneba aisaxeba<br />

komunikaciis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formaSi, tipsa <strong>da</strong> saxeSi. Tanamedrove<br />

komunakativistikaSi gamoiyofa komunikaciis Semdegi formebi:<br />

pirovnebaTSorisi, masobrivi <strong>da</strong> kulturaTSorisi.<br />

pirovnebaTSorisi <strong>komunikacia</strong> niSnavs informaciis gacvlas <strong>da</strong> mis<br />

interpretacias ori an meti individis mier, romlebic kontaqtSi Sedian<br />

erTmaneTTan. pirovnebaTSorisi komunikaciis ganmsazRvrel faqtorad<br />

maTi urTierTobebi miiCneva.<br />

Kkomunikaciis bunebisaTvis aranakleb mniSvnelovania iseTi<br />

faqtorebi, rogorebicaa: dro <strong>da</strong> monawileTa raodenoba.<br />

pirovnebaTSorisi komunikaciisaTvis mniSvnelovania konteqstis codna <strong>da</strong><br />

sakuTari poziciis aRqma. Yyoveli a<strong>da</strong>miani ramdenime socialur jgufs<br />

miekuTvneba. aseTi jgufebi: ojaxi, erovneba, sqesi, <strong>da</strong> a.S maTSi<br />

gaerTianeba a<strong>da</strong>mians <strong>da</strong>moukideblobas matebs; Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebs mas<br />

socialur izolacias. Kkomunikaciis es forma mTavar rols TamaSobs<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis socializaciaSi.<br />

14


Kkomunikaciis pirovnebaTSorisi xasiaTi iTvaliswinebs, rom aq<br />

saqme gvaqvs a<strong>da</strong>mianTa mcire jgufis uSualo urTierTobasTan, rom isini<br />

teritoriulad axlos cxovroben <strong>da</strong> aqvT saSualeba ganaxorcielon<br />

ukukavSiri. pirovnebaSorisi <strong>komunikacia</strong> yovelTvis pirovnula<strong>da</strong>a<br />

orientirebuli, radganac <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia partnioris unikalurobaze,<br />

iTvaliswinebs partnioris emociur mdgomareobas, pirovnul Tvisebebs <strong>da</strong><br />

Tavis mxriv elodeba sapasuxo yuradRebas.<br />

rogorc komunikaciis sxva saxeebi, aseve pirovnebaTSorisi<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong> SeiZleba iyos efeqtiani an uefeqto. bevri mecnieri Tvlis,<br />

rom efeqtianobis xarisxi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia urTierTobis situaciaze.<br />

magaliTad: a<strong>da</strong>miani SeiZleba iyos warmatebuli komunikatori<br />

TanatolebTan an kolegebTan urTierTobisas, magram kraxi ganicados<br />

sxva asakis an sxva socialuri mdgomareobis a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan.<br />

komunikaciis efeqturobis kvlevis sakiTxma mecnierebi miiyvana<br />

(Smith, Samovar, Porter) <strong>da</strong>skvnamde, rom efeqtiani pirovnebaTSorisi<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong> warmoadgens konkretuli qmedebebis, unarebis, Cvevebis<br />

sistemas, romlebic genetikuri ar aris, isini un<strong>da</strong> iswavlo.<br />

pirovnebaTSorisi komunikaciis xelovneba ganisazRvreba imiT, Tu<br />

ramdenad SeuZlia a<strong>da</strong>mians aRiqvas <strong>da</strong> ganaviTaros es qmedebebi.<br />

Cvevebi, unarebi, Tvisebebi, romlebic aucilebelia efeqtiani<br />

komunikaciisaTvis, aisaxeba“komunikaciuri kompetenturobis” cnebaSi. igi<br />

Sedgeba Semdegi fsiqologiuri Tvisebebisgan:<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis unari, moaxdinos komunikaciuri prognozireba im<br />

situaciisa, romelSic urTierToba mouxdeba;<br />

komunikaciuri xelovneba, e.i. SesaZlebloba ipovo komunikaciis<br />

Temis Sesabamisi taqtika <strong>da</strong> moaxdino komunikaciuri Canafiqris<br />

realizeba;<br />

unari, gaerkve sakuTar TavSi, sakuTar <strong>da</strong> partnioris fsiqologiur<br />

potencialSi;<br />

TviTganwyobis Seqmnis unari, TviTregulireba urTierTobis<br />

procesSi, fsiqologiuri barieris ga<strong>da</strong>laxvis unari, emociuri<br />

ganwyoba situaciis Sesabamisad.<br />

15


Mmasobrivi komuniacia warmoadgens sxa<strong>da</strong>sxva socialuri subieqtis<br />

urTierTqmedebas, romelic xorcieldeba masobrivi informaciis gacvliT<br />

specialuri teqnikuri saSualebebiT, misi ganmasxvavebeli niSnebia<br />

teqnikuri saSualebebis arseboba, romelic uzrunvelyofs informaciis<br />

regulirebas <strong>da</strong> tiraJirebas, informaciis did socialur mniSvnelobas,<br />

masobriobas, anonimurobas <strong>da</strong> komunikaciis monawileTa gafantulobas,<br />

komunikaciuri saSualebebis mravalarxianobas.<br />

Mmasobrivi komunikaciis gaCena gamoiwvia iseTma teqnikurma<br />

saSualebebma, rogorebicaa: radio, televizori, telefoni, kabeluri <strong>da</strong><br />

kompiuteruli qselebi. Aam garemoebebma ganapiroba komunikaciis am<br />

formebis specifikuroba: SesaZlebloba erTdroulad ramodenime<br />

socialuri jgufis urTierTobisa, uSualo urTierTobis ararseboba<br />

partniorebs Soris, informaciis erTi mimarTuleba <strong>da</strong> fiqsirebuli<br />

komunikaciuri rolebi, masobrioba, stiqiuroba, komunikaciis obieqtebis<br />

anonimuroba. Tavisi specifikuri <strong>da</strong>niSnulebisa <strong>da</strong> mniSvnelobis gamo<br />

masobrivi <strong>komunikacia</strong> asrulebs sam funqcias: informaciuls,<br />

maregulirebels <strong>da</strong> kulturologiurs.<br />

informaciuli funqcia gamoixateba aqtualuri informaciis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>cemaSi mravalricxovan obieqtebze.<br />

maregulirebeli funqcia axdens zegavlenas sazogadoebrivi<br />

Semecnebis, azris, socialuri normebis Camoyalibebaze.<br />

kulturologiuri funqcia moicavs kulturuli Rirebulebebis<br />

Seqmnasa <strong>da</strong> retranslacias, sxva xalxebis kulturisa <strong>da</strong> xelovnebis<br />

gacnobas, sakuTari kulturisa <strong>da</strong> tradiciebis Senaxva kulturologiuri<br />

funqciis realizebis Sedegi Sesabamisi pirovnebis Camoyalibebaa.<br />

erTi kulturis mier sxva kulturis aRiareba <strong>da</strong> miReba-gaziareba<br />

an piriqiT, misi uaryofa, kacobriobis arsebobis ganmavlobaSi<br />

arsebob<strong>da</strong>.Aamgvari ganwyoba (midgoma) sxva kulturebis mimarT dRemde<br />

SeiniSneba.<br />

specialistTa umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom kulturaTSoris<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong>ze saubari mxolod im SemTxvevaSia marTebuli, Tuki<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi gansxvavebuli kulturis warmomadgenlebi arian <strong>da</strong> imas, rac<br />

maT kulturas ar miekuTvneba, sxvisad, magram ara miuReblad Tvlian.<br />

16


urTierToba kulturaTSorisia maSin, roca masSi monawileebi<br />

ecnobian sxvaTa tradicias, a<strong>da</strong>Tebs, qcevis wesebs, yoveldRiuri<br />

urTierTobis normebs. swored amgvar urTierTobaSi vlindeba, rogorc<br />

Cveuli, nacnobi, aseve uCveulo, ucxo Tvisebebi.<br />

Tavisi arsiT kulturaTSorisi <strong>komunikacia</strong> pirovnebaTSorisia,<br />

roca misi erT-erTi monawile meoris kulturaSi raimes gansxvavebuls,<br />

misTvis uCveulos aRmoaCens, urTierTobaSi sirTules swored es<br />

gansxvaveba warmoSobs (Samovar, Porter1991:11), radganac mocemul<br />

Setyobinebas gaSifvraven komunikantebi, rasac isini gaugebrobaSi SehyavT<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Zabulobas, mudmiv diskomforts iwvevs. magaliTad: amerikelisaTvis<br />

fexis fexze ga<strong>da</strong>deba Cvulebrivi movlenaa, imitom misTvis es Zalze<br />

mosaxerxebelia, Tumca aRmosavluri kulturis warmomadgenlisaTvis<br />

mosaubris ase jdoma Seuracxyofaa <strong>da</strong> yovlad miuRebelia. Aamgvarad,<br />

warmatebuli komunikaciisaTvis sxva kulturis warmomadgenelTan<br />

urTierTobisas un<strong>da</strong> moiqce ise, rogorc isini iqcevian.<br />

Aarsebobs kulturisadmi ori midgoma. Ppirveli mimarTuleba<br />

lingvistikis istoriaSi ukavSirdeba v.humboldtisa <strong>da</strong> a. potebnias<br />

saxelebs. Hhumboldti enas miiCnevs mudmiv qmnadobad. Aam midgomis<br />

Tanaxmad <strong>komunikacia</strong> aRiqmeba, rogorc komunikantebis SemoqmedebiTi<br />

urTierTobis procesi. Hhumboldtis sityvebiT, “roca vsaubrob <strong>da</strong><br />

migeben, azrebi ar ga<strong>da</strong>maqvs Cemi Tavi<strong>da</strong>n meoreSi. imisTvis, rom ifiqro,<br />

un<strong>da</strong> Seqmna sakuTari azris Sinaarsi, amgvarad gagebisas ar gadmoicema<br />

mosaubris azri, magram msmeneli gebulobs <strong>da</strong> qmnis Tavis azrs”<br />

(Гумбольдт 1984: 397).<br />

Mmeore midgoma Camoayaliba iakobsonma.Şadresanti ugzavnis<br />

Setyobinebas adresats imisTvis, rom Seasrulos Tavisi funqcia,<br />

aucilebeliaŞ konteqsti, romlis Sesaxebacaa saubari. igi un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

<strong>verbaluri</strong>, un<strong>da</strong> aRiqvas adresatma. kodi mTlianad an nawilobriv mainc<br />

saerToa adresantisa <strong>da</strong> adresatisaTvis. adresatsa <strong>da</strong> adresats Soris<br />

komunikaciis uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa fizikuri arxi <strong>da</strong> fsiqologiuri<br />

kavSiri (Якобсон 1996: 217).<br />

Aarsebobs komunikaciisadmi sami midgoma:<br />

17


Mmonologuri – TiToeuli komunikanti cdilobs ganacxados Tavisi<br />

pozicia ise, rom sruliad ar fiqrobs zegavlena moaxdinos mosaubreze.<br />

Ddialoguri - komunikantebi cdiloben gaiTvaliswinon erTmaneTis<br />

individualuri Taviseburebani <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad, moaxdinon sakuTari<br />

cnobierebis transformireba.<br />

Aavto<strong>komunikacia</strong> warmoebulia dialoguri komunikacii<strong>da</strong>n. me-me (me<br />

aris me-s permanentuli evoluciis sxva mdgomareoba. Mmoqmedebs<br />

dialoguri <strong>komunikacia</strong> me-sxva. me ubralod ikavebs sxva pozicias. Ee.i.<br />

avto<strong>komunikacia</strong> dialoguri komunikaciis reducirebuli variantia.<br />

Aa<strong>da</strong>miani Sedis samyaroSi, rogorc gansazRvruli kulturis<br />

warmomadgeneli. is gansxvavdeba sxva kulturaTa warmomadgenlebisagan.<br />

sakuTari kulturis aTviseba mimdinareobs qvecnobierad, gansakuTrebiT<br />

ganviTarebis adreul asakSi. Aa<strong>da</strong>miani TiTqos moqceulia Tavisi<br />

kulturis CarCoebSi,Aamitom sakuTari kulturis fenomens <strong>da</strong> bevr<br />

elements is aRiqvams, rogorc Cveulebrivs. zr<strong>da</strong>sTan erTad a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

TviTon cdilobs gaiazros, ra aris misTvis faseuli, SeiTvisos qcevis<br />

normebi, romlebic miRebulia sakuTari kulturisaTvis <strong>da</strong> miiRos an ar<br />

miiRos is.<br />

sorokinis ganmartebiT, kultura es aris faseulobebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

normebis mniSvnelobaTa erToblioba, romelsac floben a<strong>da</strong>mianebi;<br />

agreTve am faseulobebis matarebelTa erToblioba, romlebic naTels<br />

hfenen am mniSvnelobebs (Сорокин 1992: 218).<br />

kultura aris a<strong>da</strong>mianis moRvaweobis gamovlena cxovrebis<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva istoriul, individualur, sazogadoebriv, praqtikul,<br />

esTetikur, religiur, Teoriul sferoSi. Kkulturis aseTi ganmarteba<br />

moicavs yvelafers, rac Seqmnilia a<strong>da</strong>mianis fizikuri <strong>da</strong> gonebrivi<br />

Sromis Sedegad. Ggaremo SeiZleba iyos bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> xelovnuri.Ppirveli<br />

arsebob<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianamde, meore ki Seqmnilia a<strong>da</strong>mianis mizanmimarTuli<br />

moRvaweobis Sedegad.<br />

kulturis cneba Zalian farTo <strong>da</strong> mravalSriania. mas ikvleven,<br />

socialuri <strong>da</strong> humanitaruli mecnierebis warmomadgenlebi. Tanamedrove<br />

mkvlevrebi SeTanxmdnen, kultura ganixilon rogorc mniSvnelobis<br />

ganmsazRvreli procesebi. rogorc l. ionini aRniSnavs,K”kulturis<br />

18


sociologia iTvaliswinebs interdisciplinuri midgomebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

sociologiuri safuZvlebis sinTezs” <strong>da</strong>, aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, ikvlevs<br />

mniSvnelobis ganmsazRvrel procesebs sami mimarTulebiT: mniSvnelobis<br />

gansazRvra yoveldRiur qmedebaSi, mniSvnelobis institucionaluri<br />

warmoeba <strong>da</strong> saerTo mentaluri CarCoebi, romelTa saSualebiTac iqmneba<br />

mniSvneloba (Ионин 1996:93)<br />

kultura xSirad moiazreba iseT ramed, rac gvakavSirebs Cveni<br />

jgufis sxva wevrebTan <strong>da</strong> am gansxvavebis safuZvelze Cven sxva jgufebis<br />

wevrebs vemijnebiT. Tu Cven viziarebT garkveuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />

msoflmxedvelobas, <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas ama Tu im sakiTxisadmi, cxovrebis<br />

wess, qcevas, Cvens Tavs mivakuTvnebT imave kulturasa Tu subkulturas.<br />

aseve SegviZlia visaubroT “kulturul sxvaobaze”, rodesac axal<br />

situaciaSi aRmovCndebiT an axal jgufTan gviwevs urTierToba <strong>da</strong><br />

vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, rom CvenTvis misaRebi samyaros Semecnebis gzebi <strong>da</strong> qmedeba<br />

gansxvavdeba maTgan. Aam kuTxiT <strong>da</strong>naxuli kultura SeiZleba<br />

warmoadgendes mTel jgufs an sazogadoebas <strong>da</strong> amrigad, Cven<br />

ganvasxvavebT erTmaneTisagan sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xalxis kulturebs.<br />

Kkulturis aseTi gageba gamoikveTa me-19 saukunis evropaSi. Aam<br />

periodSi evropelebis mier wamowyebulma kvleviTma mogzaurobebma Tu<br />

<strong>da</strong>pyrobebma ganapiroba evropelebis <strong>da</strong>fiqreba kulturuli<br />

gansxvavebulobebis Sesaxeb, ramac Tavis mxriv xeli Seuwyo Se<strong>da</strong>rebiTi<br />

azris ganviTarebas gansxvavebul sazogadoebebTan mimarTebaSi. SemdgomSi<br />

es tendencia Tanamedrove epoqaSi <strong>da</strong>mkvidr<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti roli<br />

iTamaSa anTropologiis, rogorc disciplinis CamoyalibebaSi. kulturis<br />

anTropologiuri gagebiT, a<strong>da</strong>mianebis cxovrebis wesi ganisazRvreba maTi<br />

kulturis mier <strong>da</strong> masSi gamoixateba. Kkultura vlindeba yvelaferSi,<br />

<strong>da</strong>wyebuli Sromis iaraRebi<strong>da</strong>n, <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli religiiT. Mme-19 saukunis<br />

evropaSi kulturebi ganixilebo<strong>da</strong> socialuri progresis Sesaxeb<br />

evropuli warmodgenebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, evropuli<br />

kulturebi msoflio ierarqiis yvelaze maRal safexurze iyo<br />

ganlagebuli.<br />

Mme-20 saukuneSi evropuli kulturis upiratesobis Sesaxeb<br />

gancxadebebi Semcir<strong>da</strong>. Ees ganapiroba koloniurma <strong>da</strong> postkoloniurma<br />

19


socialurma urTierTobebma, dominanturi <strong>da</strong> maTze <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebuli<br />

jgufebs urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebam. kulturuli ierarqiis cnebis<br />

uaryofiT kultura gagebul iqna, rogorc pluraluri <strong>da</strong> Se<strong>da</strong>rebiTi<br />

fenomeni, gansxvavebul “kulturebs” Tanabari Rirebuleba mieniWaT.<br />

Kkulturis gansxvavebuli gagebac arsebobs. Aam SemTxvevaSi Cven<br />

kulturuls vuwodebT garkveul RonisZiebebs an materialur nivTebs.<br />

magaliTad: opera, Teatri, xalxuri cekvebi, simRerebi, novelebi,<br />

xelovneba Tu arqiteqturuli stili. Kkulturis cnebis aseTi gagebis<br />

dros kulturisa <strong>da</strong> socialuri cxovrebis sxva sferoebi erTmaneTs<br />

emijneba, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, va<strong>da</strong>rebT Tu ara erTmaneTs gansxvavebul<br />

sazogadoebebs. gansakuTrebuli kulturuli praqtikisa <strong>da</strong> sagnebis<br />

saSualebiT garkveuli informacia ga<strong>da</strong>ecemaT sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Cvens<br />

Sesaxeb, anu Tu ra warmoadgens CvenTvis Rirebuls <strong>da</strong> gamoxatavs Cveni,<br />

rogorc jgufis identobas. kulturis anTropologiuri gageba<br />

ukavSirdeba <strong>da</strong>narCen msoflioSi evropul eqspansias, kulturis meore<br />

mniSvneloba ki mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs Seexeba (Соколов 1994:56).<br />

kulturas uwodebdnen kulturuli institutebis mier warmoebuli<br />

industriuli revoluciis dros produqtebis garkveul sferos<br />

inglisSi, Tanamedrove socialur organizaciaze ga<strong>da</strong>svlam socialuri<br />

diferenciacia <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>pirispireba gamoiwvia. movlenebis ganviTarebam<br />

mkveTrad gamijna erTmaneTisgan yoveldRiuri, pragmatuli, konfliqtebiT<br />

aRsavse ekonomikisa <strong>da</strong> politikis (kapitalizmis axali samyaro,<br />

idustria, demokratia, <strong>da</strong> revolucia) <strong>da</strong> xelovnebisa <strong>da</strong> moralis wmin<strong>da</strong><br />

idealisturi sferoebi (FemandezF1990:123). xelovnebisa <strong>da</strong> moralis<br />

sferoebi gamoxatavdnen ufro maRal a<strong>da</strong>mianur SesaZleblobebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

Rirebulebebs imisagan gansxvavebiT, rasac Tanamedrove ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong><br />

politikuri cxovreba sTavazob<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianebs. Kkulturis es calke<br />

sferoebi Tanamedrove sazogadoebis kritikis safuZvelia; isini<br />

sazogadoebisTvis destruqciuli <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>piruli aspeqtebis gverdi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

<strong>da</strong>naxvis <strong>da</strong> kritikis saSualebas iZleodnen. sxvebisTvis kultura<br />

warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> epifenomens <strong>da</strong> politikisa <strong>da</strong> ekonomikis materialurad<br />

xelSesaxebi sferoebisgan gansxvavebiT hqon<strong>da</strong> ufro feministuri<br />

xasiaTi. Aamgvarad, kulturis pirveli gageba asocirdebo<strong>da</strong><br />

20


anTropologiasTan, xolo meore gageba, humanitaruli mecnierebebis<br />

ramdenime sferosTan-literaturasTan, xelovnebasa <strong>da</strong> musikasTan.<br />

Kkulturis farTod gavrcelebuli mniSvneloba kargad asaxavs<br />

Tavad cnebis istorias. erTis mxriv, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi termini<br />

SeiZleba exebodes a<strong>da</strong>mianebis saqmianobis im sferosa <strong>da</strong> specialur<br />

nimuSebs, romlebic gansxvavdeba praqtikuli socialuri cxovrebis<br />

yoveldRiuri samyarosgan an kidev exebodes jgufis an mTeli xalxis<br />

cxovrebis wess. kulturis es arsebuli gansazRvrebebi am cnebas mTeli<br />

misi istoriis manZilze abundovneb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

rogorc sxva disciplinebi, kulturis sociologia Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> am<br />

tipis gansxvavebebis fonze <strong>da</strong> xeli Seuwyo kulturis cnebis<br />

gansazRvras. Mmecnierebi sokolovi <strong>da</strong> orlova aRniSnaven kulturis<br />

gansxvavebul aspeqtebs, rogorebicaa mniSvneloba, faseuloba, nimuSebi,<br />

ricxvebi, Cveulebebi, ritualebi, simboloebi, kodebi, ideebi, diskursi,<br />

msoflmxedveloba, ideologia Tu principebi; es CamonaTvali ar aris<br />

amomwuravi. Kkulturuli “sagnebis” nebismieri CamonaTvali yovelTvis<br />

iqneba arasruli, imdenad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong> interpretacia aris<br />

aqtiuri <strong>da</strong> cvalebadi procesi. Uufro metic, aseTi CamonaTvali Tavis<br />

TavSi moicavs mniSvnelovan Teoriul <strong>da</strong>pirispirebebs im mkvlevarebs<br />

Soris, romlebic xazs usvamen diskursebisa <strong>da</strong> kulturuli praqtikis<br />

mniSvnelobas, kognitologiur kategoriebs, faseulobebs, vinc<br />

aanalizebs konkretul produqtebs <strong>da</strong> Rrma teqstobriv nimuSebs, rom<br />

ar CavTvaloT amaTi SesaZlo kombinaciebi, magram bevri es<br />

winaaRmdgegoba <strong>da</strong> kamaTi moixsneba, Tu Cven kulturas Sevxe<strong>da</strong>vT,<br />

rogorc mniSvnelobis ganmsazRvreli procesebis erTobliobas,<br />

romlebic sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis socialur garemoSi mimdinareobs <strong>da</strong> aisaxeba<br />

gansxvavebul socialur praqtikasa Tu socialur produqtSi. aqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare, kulturis sociologebma SeiZleba gamoikvlion kultura,<br />

rogorc sazogadoebis calke sfero an kultura, rogorc cxovrebis<br />

wesi.<br />

Tanamedrove kulturis sociologia xSirad eyrdnoba<br />

anTropologias, istorias, feministur, media, kulturologiur kvlevebs,<br />

literaturul kritikas, politikur mecnierebas <strong>da</strong> socialur<br />

21


fsiqologias. kulturis sociologiaSi muSaoba gulisxmobs<br />

interdisciplinuri midgomebis gamoyenebas, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs<br />

SemoqmedebiTad movekidoT Cveni Seswavlis sagans. Tanamedrove kulturis<br />

sociologiaSi gamoikveTa sami mimarTuleba. TiToeuli maTganis<br />

Seswavlis sagania mniSvnelobis ganmsazRvreli procesebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

analitikur doneze. Cven SevexebiT rogorc mniSvnelobis gansazRvras,<br />

aseve ganvixilavT, Tu rogori urTierTobebi gansazRvravs <strong>da</strong> Seadgens<br />

mniSvnelobebs <strong>da</strong> Tu rogor operireben individebi am mniSvnelobebiT.<br />

esa Tu is mniSvneloba SeiZleba ar iqnes gaziarebuli an logikuri<br />

mocemuli jgufis Tu mTlianad sazogadoebis yvela wevris mier. saerTo<br />

normebi, Rirebulebebi, kognituri CarCoebi <strong>da</strong> moqmedebis aRiarebuli<br />

gzebi ar SeiZleba iyos yvelasTvis gamWvirvale <strong>da</strong> sworxazovani,Aaramed<br />

konteqsti<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare individebi <strong>da</strong> socialuri jgufebi eyrdnobian<br />

mocemuli mniSvnelobebis simbolur repertuarebs.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, erTi <strong>da</strong> igive a<strong>da</strong>miani sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva dros SeiZleba<br />

gansxvavebul qmedebas irCevdes an kidev sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xalxi erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave<br />

konteqstSi ar <strong>da</strong>eyrdnos analogiur simboloebs.<br />

Tanamedrove humanitaruli mecnierebisaTvis cnobilia kulturis<br />

uamravi ganmarteba.<br />

Kkultura sazogadoebis miRwevaTa erTobliobaa ganaTlebis<br />

mecnierebis, xelovnebis <strong>da</strong> sulieri cxovrebis sxva <strong>da</strong>rgebSi; am<br />

miRwevaTa gamoyenebis unari warmoebis gasazrdelad <strong>da</strong> sxva (ucxo<br />

sityvaTa leqsikoni 1989:266).<br />

e.taileri, romelic kulturis cnebis pirveli mecnieruli<br />

gansazRvrebis avtora<strong>da</strong>a miCneuli, xazs usvams kulturis socialur<br />

bunebas. misi sityvebiT, `kultura Sedgeba codnis, rwmena-warmodgenebis,<br />

xelovnebis, zneobis, kanonebis, zne-Cveulebebisa <strong>da</strong> zogi sxva unar-<br />

Cvevisgan, romlebic SeZenilia a<strong>da</strong>mianis, rogorc sazogadoebis wevris<br />

mier~ (Tyler 1988:6).<br />

kultura SeiZleba miviCnioT aseve RirebulebaTa, qcevis normaTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtTa erTobliobad, romelic aregulirebs a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

urTierTobebs erTmaneTTan, sazogadoebasa <strong>da</strong> bunebasTan<br />

(kulturologia, kulturis istoria <strong>da</strong> Teoria (2003. 22-24).<br />

22


kultura ganviTarebis ramdenime stadias gadis:<br />

1. kulturis axali formebis gaCena;<br />

2. tradiciebis Senaxva;<br />

3. kulturis ama Tu im sferos modernizacia, an degra<strong>da</strong>cia;<br />

4. kulturis reinterpretacia.<br />

dResdReobiT interesi kulturis fenomenisadmi gamowveulia<br />

uamravi garemoebebiT. Kkultura usazRvro <strong>da</strong> amouwuravia, amitom misi<br />

gageba <strong>da</strong> ganmartebis Camoyalibeba sakmaod rTulia. Tanamedrove<br />

kulturologiur mecnierebaSi arsebobs 400-ze meti ganmarteba, magram<br />

arc erTi ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos amomwuravad <strong>da</strong> srulad.<br />

Aarc erTi kultura izolirebulad ar arsebobs. Tavisi arsebobis<br />

procesSi is mimarTavs Tavissave warsuls an sxva kulturebis<br />

gamocdilebas. nebismieri kultura Tavisi arsebobisa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis<br />

procesSi niSanTa sistemas qmnis. Tavisi istoriis ganmavlobaSi<br />

kacobriobam Seqmna yofaqcevis bevri niSani, romlis gareSe SeuZlebelia<br />

misi moRvaweobis nebismeri saxeoba. Aa<strong>da</strong>mianis am niSnebis <strong>da</strong> niSanTa<br />

sistemebis qona niSnavs sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierTobaSi CarTvas.<br />

Eena aris niSanTa sistema, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c niSnebis saSualebiT ideebs<br />

gamovxatavT, ena SesaZlebelia Seva<strong>da</strong>roT <strong>da</strong>mwerlobas, yru-munjTa<br />

anbans, simbolur ritualebs, samxedro signalebs <strong>da</strong> a.S. is qmnis niSanTa<br />

sistemas, sa<strong>da</strong>c mxolod azrisa <strong>da</strong> bgeriTi xatis urTierTmimarTebaa<br />

arsebiTi <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c orive mxare (e.i. azri/mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong> bgeriTi xati)<br />

Tanabrad aris warmodgenili fsiqikurad (sosiuri 1931:19). es<br />

mravalricxovani niSani <strong>da</strong> niSanTa sistema, romlebic a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

sazogadoebaSi arseboben, Seadgenen ama Tu im drois kulturas,<br />

TiToeul niSanSi devs garkveuli azri. Ees imas niSnavs, rom nebismier<br />

niSans aqvs Tavisi forma <strong>da</strong> Sinaarsi. niSnebis Sinaarsi warmoadgens<br />

rTul informacias maTTis, visac maTi wakiTxvis unari Seswevs.<br />

yofaqcevis, tradiciebisa <strong>da</strong> wes-Cveulebebis formebi arsebobs mxolod<br />

kulturis sisitemaSi. maTi ga<strong>da</strong>cema Taobi<strong>da</strong>n Taobaze SesaZlebelia<br />

mxolod niSnebis meSveobiT.<br />

Kkulturebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan komunikaciis<br />

saSualebebis gamoyenebiT sxva kulturasTan urTierTobisas.<br />

23


socialurma kvlevebma cxadyo, rom sxva kulturis<br />

warmomadgenlebi Si<strong>da</strong> jgufur, individualur kulturaSi ufro advilad<br />

amyareben urTierTobas, vidre koleqtiurSi. amis mizezi aris is, rom<br />

koleqtiuri kultura yoveli wevrisagan moiTxovs jgufTan iseT<br />

Serwymas, rom mocemul momentSi Tavi gamoavlinos, rogorc koleqtivis<br />

wevrma, xolo individualurSi a<strong>da</strong>miani ise iqceva, rogorc TviTon<br />

CaTvlis saWirod.<br />

imis <strong>da</strong>sadgenad, Tu raoden Znelia erTi kulturis meoresTan<br />

kontaqti, kulturul anTropologiaSi gaCn<strong>da</strong> iseTi gageba, rogoricaa<br />

“kulturuli distancia”.<br />

“kulturuli distancia” afiqsirebs erTi elementis gansxvavebas<br />

gansxvavebul kulturaSi. Eesenia: klimati, samosi, ena, religia,<br />

ganaTleba, materialuri komforti, ojaxuri struqtura <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

Aase, magaliTad, <strong>da</strong>savluri kulturis warmomadgenlebi<br />

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas urTierTobis arss aqceven, imas, Tu ra iTqvas<br />

<strong>da</strong> is, Tu rogor iTqva, amitom maTi <strong>komunikacia</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia<br />

konteqstze. AaseTi kulturebisTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia informaciis<br />

gacvlis kognituri stili, romlis drosac didi mniSvneloba aqvs<br />

logikur gamoTqmebs. aseTi kulturebis warmomadgenlebi cdiloben<br />

ganaviTaron TavianTi metyveleba. Aamerikelebis umravlesoba<br />

yoveldRiur urTierTobebSi iyenebs mokle gamonaTqvamebs. isini<br />

erTmaneTs kiTxvebs usvamen, pasuxs ki ar elodebian. magaliTad: rogora<br />

xar? Kkargi amindia ara? Aamerikuli kulturis individualizmi aiZulebT<br />

maT gamoxaton azri mokled <strong>da</strong> konkretulad.<br />

aRmosavluri tipis koleqtiur kulturebSi informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis<br />

dros xalxi did yuradRebas aqcevs Setyobinebis konteqsts. Ees<br />

gansakuTrebuloba gamoixateba gadmocemis formaSi, Tu rogor iTqva, <strong>da</strong><br />

ara is, Tu ra iTqva. aRmosavluri kultura saxiaTdeba metyvelebis<br />

arakonkretulobiT, magaliTad: albaT, SesaZlebelia, iqneb, SeiZleba,<br />

amitomac iaponelebi saqmiani urTierTobisas laparakoben saqmis irgvliv,<br />

<strong>da</strong> ara uSualod saqmeze. aseTi strategia maT saSualebas aZlevs<br />

ukeTesad gaigon partnioris Canafiqri.<br />

24


KkulturaTSorisi komunikaciis <strong>da</strong>rgSi <strong>da</strong>kvirvebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

gamokvlevebis Sedegad SeiZleba gakeTdes <strong>da</strong>skvna, rom maTi Sinaarsi<br />

ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia romelime kulturaSi yofaqcevis normebze <strong>da</strong><br />

sxv.<br />

Kkultura <strong>da</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong> urTierTzemoqmedeben. magaliTad:Yyovel<br />

kulturas ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli warmodgena aqvs,<br />

aviRoT Tun<strong>da</strong>c, Tavazianoba. bevr aziur qveyanaSi Zalze araTavazianad<br />

iTvleba, SeekiTxo partniors saqmis Sesaxeb, Tuki Sen <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli ar<br />

xar, rom is zust pasuxs gagcems. Tuki amerikelebi pir<strong>da</strong>pir amboben<br />

rasac fiqroben, iaponelebi <strong>da</strong> arabebi ar <strong>da</strong>uSveben, rom partniori<br />

gawiTldes imis gamo, rom mas hkiTxes is, razec pasuxs ver<br />

iZleva,Aamitomac iaponiaSi araTavazianad iTvleba erTi sityviT upasuxo<br />

vinmes: ara. Tu a<strong>da</strong>mians ar surs miwvevis miReba, is ar pasuxobs pir<strong>da</strong>pir,<br />

is ambobs, rom aqvs bevri saqme, <strong>da</strong> a.S. <strong>da</strong>savleTSi ki aseTi gziT<br />

gaurbian konkretul pasuxebs. NnebsiT Tu uneblieT, mTeli cxovrebis<br />

ganmavlobaSi xalxi Sedis ama Tu im sociokulturuli jgufis<br />

SemadgenlobaSi. TiToeuli aseTi jgufi moicavs mikrokulturas <strong>da</strong> aqvs<br />

msgavsebac <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebac. gansxvaveba SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos<br />

socialuri ganwyobiT, ganaTlebiT, tradiciebiTa <strong>da</strong> sxva miznebiT.<br />

Kkultura gavlenas axdens aramarto <strong>komunikacia</strong>ze, aramed<br />

TviTonac eqceva misi zegavlenis qveS. xSirad es xdeba inkulturaciis<br />

procesSi, rodesac a<strong>da</strong>miani komunikaciis ama Tu im formiT iTvisebs<br />

kulturis normebs. Cven kulturas vswavlobT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva meTodiT.<br />

magaliTad; kiTxviT, ucnobebis mosmeniT, <strong>da</strong>kvirvebiT <strong>da</strong> nacnobebTan <strong>da</strong><br />

ucnobebTan urTierTobiT Cven gavlenas vaxdenT Cvens kulturaze,<br />

romelic SemdgomSi komunikaciis erT-erT formad iqceva. D<strong>da</strong> bolos,<br />

kulturaTa ganmasxvavebeli niSan-Tvisebebi SeiZleba iyos<br />

interpretirebuli, rogorc <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> kodebis sxvaoba<br />

komunikaciis specifikur konteqstSi. interpretaciis procesze moqmedebs<br />

asaki, sqesi, profesia, komunikaciis socialuri statusi.<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, kulturaTSorisi <strong>komunikacia</strong> SeiZleba<br />

ganvixiloT, rogorc urTierTobis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formis erToblioba, an<br />

25


ogorc sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturis warmomadgenelTa <strong>da</strong> maT jgufebs Soris<br />

urTierToba.<br />

26


I.II komunikaciis <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> aspeqtebi<br />

Yyvela kulturas gaaCnia enobrivi sistema, romlis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiTac<br />

kulturis matarebelT aqvT erTmaneTTan urTierTobis SesaZlebloba.<br />

mecnierebaSi enobrivi urTierTobebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formas ewo<strong>da</strong><br />

komunikaciis <strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebani. cnobil verbalur saSualebebs<br />

ganekuTvneba, upirvelesad, a<strong>da</strong>mianTa metyveleba, radganac metyvelebis<br />

meSveobiT a<strong>da</strong>mianebi Rebuloben <strong>da</strong> gascemen sasicocxlo, mniSvnelovani<br />

informaciis ZiriTad nawils, TumcaRa, igi warmoadgens enis mxolod<br />

erT-erT elements, amitomac misi funqciuri SesaZleblobani ufro<br />

mcirea, vidre mTliani enobrivi sistemisa.<br />

XXI saukunis lingvistika aqtiurad SeimuSavebs mimarTulebas,<br />

romlis mixedviTac ena ganixileba ara ubralod komunikaciis <strong>da</strong><br />

Semecnebis iaraRi, aramed rogorc kulturuli kodi. aseTi midgomis<br />

safuZvels v. humboldtis, a. potebniasa <strong>da</strong> sxvaTa Sromebi<br />

warmoadgens.Aamas humboldtis sityvebic mosmobs: “Cemi eris enis<br />

sazRvrebi Cemi msoflmxedvelobis sazRvrebia” (Гумбольдт 1984: 397).<br />

Znelia ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebulad Seafaso enis mniSvneloba nebismieri<br />

xalxis kulturaSi. Aam SefasebaSi ToToeuli mecniereba aRniSnavs Tavis<br />

aspeqts. Kkulturologiur literaturaSi enis mniSvneloba upirvelesad<br />

gadmoicema Semdegi <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli mtkicebulebebiT.<br />

Eena aris:<br />

Kkulturis sarke, romelSic aisaxeba aramarto realuri a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

garemomcveli samyaro, aramed xalxis mentaliteti, misi erovnuli<br />

xasiaTi, tradiciebi, Cveulebani, morali, iumorisa <strong>da</strong> faseulobaTa<br />

sistema, samyaros suraTi (Тер-Минасова 2002:56).<br />

saganZuri, kulturis yulaba, iseve rogorc yvela materialuri <strong>da</strong><br />

sulieri faseulobebis codna, <strong>da</strong>grovili ama Tu im xalxis mier,<br />

romelic inaxeba enobriv sistemaSi: folklorSi, wignebSi, zepir<br />

<strong>da</strong> weriT metyvelebaSi.<br />

kulturis instrumenti, a<strong>da</strong>mianis pirovnebis Camomyalibebeli,<br />

romelic swored enis saSualebiT iTvisebs mentalitets, Tavisi<br />

xalxis tradiciebsa <strong>da</strong> kulturas.<br />

27


sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva samecniero gamocemaSi SeiZleba SevxvdeT enis<br />

gansxvavebul ganmartebas, romelTac saerTo aqvs mTavari: ena<br />

warmoadgens azris gamoxatvisa <strong>da</strong> urTierTobis saSualebas.Eenis<br />

mravalricxovan funqciaTa Sorisaa <strong>komunikacia</strong>, romlis varaudiT, enis<br />

gareSe a<strong>da</strong>mianTa urTierTobis nebismieri forma SeuZlebeli xdeba.<br />

Eena emsaxureba <strong>komunikacia</strong>s, magram radganac kulturac, rogorc<br />

specifikuri niSani a<strong>da</strong>mianis garesamyarosTan Serwymisa SeiZleba<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxeldes rogorc <strong>komunikacia</strong>, naTeli xdeba, rom enis kulturisa <strong>da</strong><br />

komunikaciis urTierTkavSiri bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> ganuyofelia.<br />

Eena ar arsebobs kulturis gareSe. is umTavresi komponentia<br />

kulturisa, azrovnebis formaa, a<strong>da</strong>mianuri cxovelqmedebis specifikuri<br />

gamovlenaa, romelic Tavis mxriv warmoadgens enis realur yofierebas,<br />

amitomac ena <strong>da</strong> kultura ganuyofelia.<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rom enasa <strong>da</strong> kulturas Soris mWidro kavSiri<br />

arsebobs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ar arsebobs ena kulturis gareSe <strong>da</strong><br />

piriqiT, kultura enis gareSe. Ees ki imas niSnavs, rom Tu miznad<br />

visaxavT enobrivi faqtis kvlevas, maSin igi un<strong>da</strong> SeviswavloT<br />

anTropocentrul-komunikaciur <strong>da</strong> lingvokulturologiur midgomaTa<br />

safuZvelze.<br />

Eenisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis urTierTmimarTebis problemasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />

farTo<strong>da</strong>a gavrcelebuli v. humboldtis ideebi, romlis mosazrebebiT,<br />

ena warmoadgens “xalxis suls”, xalxis yofierebas. kultura upirveles<br />

yovlisa, enaSi vlindeba. igi kulturis WeSmariti realobaa, kulturis<br />

mxri<strong>da</strong>n ki igi fiqsirebuli Sexedulebaa sakuTar Tavsa <strong>da</strong> samyaroze.<br />

Hhumboldti wer<strong>da</strong>, rom enis Seswavla ar warmoadgens TviTmizans, yvela<br />

<strong>da</strong>narCen sferosTan erTad igi emsaxureba saerTo umaRles mizans _<br />

kacobriobis mier sakuTari Tavis <strong>da</strong> yvelaferi xilulisadmi Tu misgan<br />

<strong>da</strong>farulisadmi sakuTari <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebis Secnobas (Гумбольдт 1984:233).<br />

rogorc v. levi strosi aRniSnav<strong>da</strong>, “ena erTdroulad kulturis<br />

produqticaa, misi umniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli nawilic <strong>da</strong> kulturis<br />

arsebobis pirobac, ufro metic, kulturis arsebobs specifikuri<br />

saSualeba, kulturuli kodebis formirebis faqtebia” (Леви-Строс 1995:68).<br />

28


enisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis kavSiri SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogor nawilisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> mTlianis urTierTmimarTeba.Eena SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes rogorc<br />

kulturis komponenti <strong>da</strong> kulturis iaraRi, magram amavdroulad ena<br />

avtomaturia <strong>da</strong> SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes kulturisgan <strong>da</strong>moukideblad.<br />

kulturas qmnis a<strong>da</strong>miani, pirovneba, swored pirovneba wamoswevs<br />

wina planze a<strong>da</strong>mianis socialuri bunebas, xolo a<strong>da</strong>miani warmoadgens<br />

sociokulturuli cxovrebis subieqts.<br />

Ppirovneba un<strong>da</strong> iqnes ganxiluli xalxis, eTnosis kulturuli<br />

tradiciis perspeqtivaSi, radgan a<strong>da</strong>mianSi a<strong>da</strong>mianis <strong>da</strong>badebisaTvis<br />

saWiroa kulturul-anTropologiuri prototipi, romlis Camoyalibebac<br />

kulturis farglebSi xdeba.<br />

Eenobrivi pirovnebis SinaarsSi Cveulebriv moiazreba Semdegi<br />

komponentebi:<br />

Aa) faseulobiTi; b) msoflmxedvelobiTi; g) aRzrdis Sinaarsis anu<br />

Rirebulebis komponenti; d) cxovrebiseuli sazrisis sistema.<br />

Kkulturologiuri komponenti, anu kulturis rogorc enisadmi<br />

interesis amaRlebis efeqturi saSualebis aTvisebis done,<br />

Sesaswavli enis kulturis faqtebis moSvelieba, romlebic<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia sametyvelo <strong>da</strong> arasametyvelo qcevis wesebTan,<br />

xels uwyobs enobrivi masalis adekvatur gamoyenebasa <strong>da</strong><br />

komunikaciis partniorze efeqturi zemoqmedebis unar-CvevaTa<br />

Camoyalibebas;<br />

Ppirovnuli komponenti, anu individualuri, siRrmiseuli sawyisi,<br />

romelic yvela a<strong>da</strong>mianSi arsebobs.<br />

Eenobrivi pirovneba karasikis ganmartebiT warmoadgens enobrivi<br />

SesaZleblobebisa <strong>da</strong> unarebis mravalsaxeobriv <strong>da</strong> mravalkomponentur<br />

erTobliobas, romelTa klasifikacia, erTis mxriv, xdeba sametyvelo<br />

saqmianobis saxeobebiT (kiTxva, werili, saubari) meores mxriv ki enis<br />

doneebiT (Карасик 2004:21-22).<br />

Kkaraulovma warmoadgina enobrivi pirovnebis sami donisagan<br />

Semdgari struqtura:<br />

29


verbalur-semantikuri gaTvlilia maTTvis, vinc normalurad<br />

flobs bunebriv enas, <strong>da</strong> mkvlevarTaTvis warmoadgens garkveuli<br />

mniSvnelobis gamoxatvis saSualebas.<br />

Kkognituris erTeulebia cnebebi, ideebi, konceptebi, met-naklebad<br />

sistematizirebul faseulobaTa amsaxveli samyaros suraTi. TiToeuli<br />

maTgani aseve met-nakleba<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli TiToeuli enobrivi<br />

individualobisaTvis. Ees done warmoadgens pirovnebis inteleqtualuri<br />

sferos gavrcobis saSualebas.<br />

PpragmatulSi Sedis miznebi, motivebi, interesebi. Ees done<br />

uzrunvelyofs enobrivi pirovnebis analizisas kanonzomier ga<strong>da</strong>svlas<br />

sametyvelo saqmianobis Sefasebis<strong>da</strong>n realuri qmedebis gaazrebaze<br />

(Караулов 1987:31).<br />

cxadia, rom enobrivi pirovnebis tipologia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kriteriumis<br />

safuZvelze SeiZleba aigos. roca gvsurs ganvixiloT enobrivi pirovneba<br />

lingvokulturologiur aspeqtSi, sayrdenad, amosaval wertilad viRebT<br />

sociokulturul niSans <strong>da</strong> vadgenT romeli metyveli subieqti<br />

CavTvaloT enobriv pirovnebad <strong>da</strong> ganvsazRvravT mis models Tu<br />

tipobriv saxes.<br />

Eena es aris is, rac kulturaSi a<strong>da</strong>mianis arsebobis ze<strong>da</strong>pirze<br />

imyofeba, amitom me-19 saukuni<strong>da</strong>n moyolebuli dRemde enisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis<br />

urTierTmimarTebis, urTierTmoqmedebis sakiTxi enaTmecnierebis erT-erT<br />

umniSvnelovanes problemas warmoadgens.Mmisi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis pirveli<br />

mcdeloba ekuTvnis v.humboldts, romlis koncefciis ZiriTadi<br />

debulebebi SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnes Semdegi saxiT:<br />

Mmaterialuri <strong>da</strong> sulieri kultura aisaxeba enaSi;<br />

Nnebismieri kultura aris erovnuli, misi erovnuli xasiaTi<br />

gamoixateba enaSi samyaros gansakuTrebuli xedvis meSveobiT,<br />

enisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiTebelia TiToeuli xalxisaTvis specifikuri<br />

Sinagani forma;<br />

enis Sinagani forma warmoadgens xalxis sulis, misi kulturis<br />

gamoxatulebas;<br />

Eena warmoadgens Sualedur rgols a<strong>da</strong>miansa <strong>da</strong> mis garSemo<br />

arsebul samyaros Soris.<br />

30


Mme-19 saukunis gamoCenili mecnieri v. humboldti enas moiazrebs,<br />

rogorc sulier Zalas, rogorc garemos, romlis gareSec a<strong>da</strong>miani ar<br />

arsebobs, a<strong>da</strong>miani cxovrobs enis garemocvaSi enobriv garemoSi.<br />

rogorc v. humboldti wer<strong>da</strong>, -,, ena aris samyaro, romelic arsebobs<br />

movlenaTa samyarosa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis Sinagan samyaros Soris” (Гумбольдт<br />

1984:423).<br />

Aaqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, ena ar arsebobs Cven gareSe, rogorc<br />

obieqturi moculoba, igi TviTon CvenSi, Cvens cnobierebaSi, Cvens<br />

mexsierebaSia.<br />

v.a.maslova wers, rom a<strong>da</strong>miani moiazreba, rogorc garkveuli<br />

erovnebis, mentalobis, <strong>da</strong> enis matarebeli, romelic monawileobs<br />

erTobliv moRvaweobaSi erovnuli erTobis sxva warmomadgenlebTan<br />

(Маслова 2001:67).<br />

Eena aris erTaderTi saSualeba, romelsac SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>exmaros<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mians adekvaturad aRiqvas samyaro. v. humboldti enas a<strong>da</strong>mianis gonis<br />

umTavres moRvaweobad miiCnevs.Mmisi azriT, enis adekvaturi<br />

SeswavlisaTvis aucilebelia a<strong>da</strong>mianis cnobierebasTan <strong>da</strong> azrovnebasTan,<br />

kulturasTan <strong>da</strong> sulier cxovrebasTan misi mWidro kavSiris<br />

gaTvaliswineba, humboldtisTvis ena xalxis erTiani energiaa, igi<br />

erovnuli formis mqone koleqtiuri movlenaa.Aamdenad, enobrivi<br />

koleqtivi humboldtis moZRvrebis erTdroulad socialur <strong>da</strong><br />

lingvistur cnebad gvevlineba (gamyreliZe 2003:465).<br />

Aamrigad, ena warmoadgens kulturis Semadgenel nawils <strong>da</strong> mis<br />

iaraRs. igi aris kulturis sarke, ena mkadiod gamoxatavs erovnuli<br />

mentalobis specifikur niSan-Tvisebebs.<br />

sepirisa <strong>da</strong> uorfis hipotezaSi gamoikveTa ori ZiriTadi debuleba.<br />

1. ena gansazRvravs am enaze mosaubre eris azrovnebis xerxebs;<br />

2. realuri samyaros aRqmis xerxi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia imaze, Tu ra<br />

enaze azrovneben subieqtebi.<br />

sepirisa <strong>da</strong> uorfis hipoTeza gamomdinareobs debulebi<strong>da</strong>n, rom ena<br />

aris safuZveli im suraTisa, romelic yalibdeba TiToeul a<strong>da</strong>mianSi <strong>da</strong><br />

awesrigebs sagnebisa <strong>da</strong> movlenebis udides raodenobas, romelic gare<br />

samyaroze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebiT grovdeba.Nnebismieri sagani an movlena xom maSinaa<br />

31


CvenTvis gasagebi, roca mas saxelwodeba aqvs. sagani an movlena,<br />

romelsac saxeli ar aqvs, CvenTvis ubralod ar arsebobs. eZleva ra<br />

saxelwodeba, Cven axal cnebas vrTavT Cveni azrovnebis ukve<br />

Camoyalibebul sistemaSi. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Cven Segvyavs axali<br />

elementi CvenSi ukve arsebul samyaros suraTSi. Uun<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom ena<br />

aramarto aRwers samyaros, aramed qmnis idealur samyaros Cvens<br />

SegnebaSi. is qmnis realobas.Aa<strong>da</strong>miani xe<strong>da</strong>vs samyaros ise, rogorc<br />

laparakobs,Aamitom amtkicebs uorfi, rom sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva enaze mosaubre<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, samyaros sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvanairad aRiqvamen (Уорф 1960:162).<br />

enasa <strong>da</strong> realur samyaros Soris dgas a<strong>da</strong>miani, enisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis<br />

matarebeli. zustad is aRiqvams <strong>da</strong> SeigrZnobs samyaros grZnobiTi<br />

organoebis saSualebiT. Amis safuZvelze eqmneba mas warmodgena<br />

samyaroze. isini Tavis mxriv TavianTi azrebs, <strong>da</strong>skvnebs, warmodgenebs<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>scemen sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebs. enasa <strong>da</strong> realur samyaros Soris dgas<br />

azrovneba (Сепир1993:45).<br />

radganac kulturac <strong>da</strong> enac xalxis mentalobasTan, anu samyaros<br />

SegrZnebasa <strong>da</strong> aRqmasTanaa <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli, amitom aucilebelia enisa <strong>da</strong><br />

kulturis mentalur kategoriebTan mimarTebis problemis gacnobiereba.<br />

v.v.kolesovis azriT, mentaloba warmoadgens samyaros Wvretas<br />

mSobliuri enis kategoriebsa <strong>da</strong> formebSi, romelic Semecnebis procesSi<br />

aerTianebs erovnuli xasiaTis inteleqtualur, sulier <strong>da</strong> nebelobiT<br />

Tvisebebs (Колесов 1999: 81).<br />

m. haidegeri wer<strong>da</strong>, rom sityva “suraTi” rom gvesmis, pirvel rigSi<br />

vfiqrobT raRacis asaxvaze. “samyaros suraTi, gagebuli arsebiTad,<br />

aRniSnavs ara samyaros amsaxvel suraTs, aramed samyaros, gagebuls<br />

suraTis saxiT” (Хайдеггер 1991: 96).<br />

i. d. apresiani samyaros enobriv suraTs ë”miamit” suraTs<br />

uwodebs. misi azriT, “samyaros enobrivi suraTi erTgvarad avsebs<br />

obieqtur codnas realobis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> xSirad amaxinjebs mas ă (Апресян<br />

1966:69) sityva garesamyaros, sagansa <strong>da</strong> movlenas ki ar gadmogvcems,<br />

aramed imas, Tu rogor xe<strong>da</strong>vs samyaros im prizmiT, romelic arsebobs<br />

mis SegnebaSi <strong>da</strong> romelic determinirebulia misi kulturiT. TiToeuli<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis Segneba yalibdeba rogorc individualuri gamocdilebis<br />

32


zemoqmedebiT, aseve inkulturaciis Sedegad, romlis drosac is<br />

winaparTa gamocdilebas eufleba. Aamgvarad, ena ar aris sarke, romelSic<br />

avtomaturad isaxeba gare samyaro, aramed prizmaa, sai<strong>da</strong>nac uyureben<br />

samyaros <strong>da</strong> romelic yoveli kulturisaTvis sakuTaria. Eena, azrovneba,<br />

kultura imdenad mWidro<strong>da</strong>a erTmaneTTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli, rom<br />

praqtikulad erT mTlians Seadgens <strong>da</strong> ar SeuZliaT uerTmaneTod<br />

arseboba. amitomac s.g. terminasova ganasxvavebs a<strong>da</strong>mianis garSemo myofi<br />

samyaros sam formas:<br />

samyaros realuri suraTi;<br />

samyaros kulturuli (SemecnebiTi) suraTi;<br />

samyaros enobrivi suraTi;<br />

swored samyaros kulturuli suraTi aris yvela xalxSi<br />

gansxvavebuli, rac mravali faqtoriTaa ganpirobebuli, rogoricaa:<br />

geografia, klimati, socialuri moqyoba, rwmena, tradiciebi, cxovrebis<br />

wesi (Тер-Минасова 2002:41). amrigad, ena aris kulturis faqti, misi<br />

Semadgeneli nawili, enis meSveobiT viTvisebT kulturas. Sesabamisad, ena<br />

kulturis Semadgeneli nawili, misi iaraRi, erovnuli sulis realoba,<br />

kulturis xatia, is gamoxatavs erovnuli mentalitetis specifikur<br />

niSnebs, imdenad ramdena<strong>da</strong>c enis TiToeuli matarebeli amave dros aris<br />

kulturis matarebelic. Eena <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli samyaroa, romlis<br />

saSualebiTac esa Tu is eri azrsa <strong>da</strong> grZnobebs enobriv relobas<br />

aniWebs. <strong>da</strong>majereblad rom vilaparakoT <strong>da</strong> vweroT, marto gramatikulad<br />

gamarTuli wera <strong>da</strong> metyveleba ar kmara. saWiroa vilaparakoT gasagebad,<br />

<strong>da</strong>majereblad <strong>da</strong> mwyobrad, rac msmenelis <strong>da</strong>interesebas gamoiwvevs.<br />

sasiamovno metyveleba ipyrobs auditoriis yuradRebas, xolo<br />

metyvelebis simwyobre Cvens sityvas wonasa <strong>da</strong> Zalas matebs.Aamdenad,<br />

<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong> gvaswavlis <strong>da</strong>moukideblad <strong>da</strong> originalurad<br />

gamovxatoT azrebi, gavakeToT swori <strong>da</strong>skvnebi, <strong>da</strong>vicvaT Cveni pozicia,<br />

avxsnaT igi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vasabuToT.<br />

<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis erT-erTma fuZemdebelma graisma Tavis<br />

naSromSi – “Logic and conversation” 1999w. Camoayaliba <strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis<br />

ZiriTadi principebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>yo isini oTx kategoriad:<br />

33


1. raodenobrivi kategoria;<br />

2. xarisxobrivi kategoria;<br />

3. urTierTobis kategoria;<br />

4. meToduri kategoria.<br />

raodenobrivi kategoria <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia ga<strong>da</strong>sacemi informaciis<br />

raodenobasTan <strong>da</strong> aerTianebs or postulats:<br />

1. Seni naTqvami un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes saWiroze aranakleb informacias;<br />

2. Seni gamonaTqvami ar un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes saWiroze met informacias.<br />

xarisxobriv kategorias zogadi postulati - gamonaTqvami un<strong>da</strong><br />

Seesabamebodes WeSmaritebas. Aam kategorias aqvs ori ZiriTadi<br />

postulati:<br />

1. Tqva iseTi ram, rasac mc<strong>da</strong>rad Tvli;<br />

2. araferi Tqva usafuZvlod.<br />

urTierTobis kategoria erTaderT relevantobis postulats<br />

moicavs – ar ga<strong>da</strong>uxvio Temas.<br />

meTodur kategorias exeba ara is, ra iTqva, arames is, rogor iTqva.<br />

aq gaerTianebulia Semdegi oTxi postulati:<br />

1. moeride gaugebar gamonaTqvamebs.<br />

2. Seecade, ilaparako calsaxad, gasagebad.<br />

3. gadmoeci lakoniurad;<br />

4. iyavi organizebuli. (Grice 1999:58)<br />

meore mkvlevarma- liCma aRwera komunikaciis Semdegi ZiriTadi<br />

principi: -zrdilobis, Tavazianobis principi (Leech 1976:67-68). pirveli<br />

aerTianebs Semdeg maqsimebs:<br />

1. taqti;<br />

2. sulgrZeloba;<br />

3. Tavm<strong>da</strong>bloba; Tanxmoba;<br />

4. simpatiia.<br />

Ggraisis kooperaciis principi <strong>da</strong> liCis Tavazianobis principi<br />

Seadgens komunikaciis kodeqsis safuZvels. Aam kodeqsSi Sedis<br />

WeSmaritebis (realobisadmi erTguleba, simarTlec rom yvelaferia) <strong>da</strong><br />

gulwrfelobis kriteriumebi (sakuTari Tavis erTguleba).<br />

34


<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis efeqturobaSi igulisxmeba ga<strong>da</strong>cemuli<br />

Setyobinebis Aadekvaturi azrobrivi aRqma. swori interpretaciis mizani<br />

iTvleba miRweulad, Tu adresati gaigebs warmoTqmuli teqstis mTel<br />

ideas komunikatoris Canafiqris Sesabamisad, Tumca xSirad informaciis<br />

mTavari arxi ikargeba an maxinjdeba. Ees procesi xumrobiT karga<strong>da</strong>a<br />

gadmocemuli magaliTSi: kapitani – adiutanti – kaprali – rigiTi<br />

jariskacebi.<br />

kapitani mimarTavs adiutants: rogorc iciT, xval mze <strong>da</strong>bneldeba,<br />

romelic yoveldRe ar xdeba. 5 saaTze SekribeT piradi Semadgenloba<br />

gembanze samgzavro tansacmelSi. maT SeeZlebaT <strong>da</strong>akvirdnen am movlenas,<br />

me ki mivcem aucilebel ganmartebas. wvimis dros saCvenebeli araferi<br />

iqneba. aseT situaciaSi <strong>da</strong>toveT xalxi YyazarmaSi.<br />

Aadiutanti mimarTavs serJants: kapitnis brZanebiT, xval diliT<br />

moxdeba mzis <strong>da</strong>bneleba samgzavro tansacmelSi. Kkapitani gembanze<br />

mogvcems aucilebel ganmartebas. Ees ki yoveldRe ar xdeba. Tu wvims,<br />

saCvenebeli araferi iqneba, maSin movlena yazarmaSi Sedgeba.<br />

serJanti- kaprals: kapitnis brZanebiT, xval 5 saaTze, samgzavro<br />

tansacmelSi, gembanze mze <strong>da</strong>bneldeba, rac yoveldRe ar xdeba.Aam<br />

movlenis Sesaxeb kapitani yazarmaSi mogvcems aucilebel ganmartebas.<br />

Kkaprali jariskacebs:- xval uTenia, 5 saaTze, mze gembanze<br />

moxdeba kapitnis <strong>da</strong>bneleba yazarmaSi. wvimis SemTxvevaSi es iSviaTi<br />

movlena samgzavro tansacmelSi Sedgeba, rac yoveldRe ar xdeba (jolia<br />

2006: 83-84).<br />

informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemisTvis aucilebelia idea, romelic jer azrad<br />

yalibdeba, Semdeg – gamoiTqmeba.<br />

Aam procesis yovel etapze informaciis mniSvnelovani nawili<br />

ikargeba an maxinjdeba.D<strong>da</strong>nakargis sidide arasrulyofili metyvelebiT<br />

anu azris zustad gamoTqmis SeuZleblobiT izomeba. Aamis Sesaxeb rus<br />

poets, tiutCevs xatovnad aqvs naTqvami: “sityvierad gamoTqmuli azri,<br />

sicruea”. igi mosaubrisadmi undoblobiT, an sityvieri maragis<br />

TanxvedriT an gansxvavebiT <strong>da</strong> sxva garemoebiT ganisazRvreba.<br />

35


<strong>komunikacia</strong> srulyofilia mxolod maSin, rodesac STabeWdileba<br />

emTxveva gamonaTqvams, anu rodesac mosaubris mier ga<strong>da</strong>cemul<br />

informacias zustad iseve aRiqvams msmeneli, rogorc mosaubres surs.<br />

samwuxarod, efeqturi <strong>komunikacia</strong>, WeSmariti gageba imaze iSviaTi<br />

movlenaa, vidre Cven gvgonia, radgan:<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi yovelTvis ar amboben imas, rasac sinamdvileSi fiqroben;<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebma yovelTvis ar ician Tavisi WeSmariti grZnobebis<br />

Sesaxeb;<br />

arc ise advilia grZnobebis sityvebiT gadmocema (arc ise advilia<br />

swori kodis moZebna);<br />

erTi <strong>da</strong> igive sityvi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva a<strong>da</strong>mians gansxvavebulad esmis;<br />

xan<strong>da</strong>xan mxolod is gvesmis, ris gagebasac visurvebdiT;<br />

informaciis mimRebi xSirad <strong>da</strong>kavebulia ara dekodirebis<br />

procesiT, aramed sakuTari pasuxebis mofiqrebiT;<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>mcemma ar icis, sworad moaxdina Tu ara dekodireba mimRebma;<br />

zogjer mimRebma ar icis sworad moaxdina Tu ara dekodireba.<br />

rogorc ukve avRniSneT, mimRebs mxolod maSin esmis sxvisi,<br />

rodesac misi STabeWdileba (dekodirebis Sedegi) emTxveva imas, rac<br />

misTvis gamonaTqvamis saSualebiT un<strong>da</strong> ecnobaT. samwuxarod, es faqti<br />

imaze iSviaTia, vidre Cven warmogvidgenia.<br />

komunikaciis efeqturobas xels uSlis Semdegi barierebi:<br />

bundovani procesi: mimRebsa <strong>da</strong> wyaros erTnairad ar esmiT ena,<br />

Jargoni, simboloebi;<br />

informaciis struqtura: mravalmxrivi <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>tvirTuli gzavnili;<br />

pirovnuli niSnebi: fizikuri <strong>da</strong> mentaluri mdgomareoba,<br />

ganaTlebis <strong>da</strong> inteleqtis gansxvavebuli done <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis “buneba”: crurwmenebi, tradiciebi, kulturuli niSnebi;<br />

konfliqturi mosazrebebi <strong>da</strong> miznebi: rodesac a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />

sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebs uWeren mxars, maT uWirT sxva<br />

mosazrebis gaziareba.<br />

36


amasTan, barieri komunikaciis procesSi SeiZleba warmoiqmnas<br />

maSinac, Tuki msmeneli garkveul <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas <strong>da</strong> uaryofiTa<strong>da</strong>a<br />

ganwyobili mosaubrisadmi.<br />

K<strong>komunikacia</strong> efeqturi rom iyos un<strong>da</strong> SevecadoT gaviTvaliswinoT<br />

CamoTvlili barierebis warmoSobis SesaZlebloba, raTa Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

aviciloT isini.<br />

Aa<strong>da</strong>miani informacias sami arxiT iRebs <strong>da</strong> gascems. Ees arxebia:<br />

(jolia 2006:79).<br />

vizualuri (mxedvelobiTi);<br />

audialuri (smeniTi);<br />

kinesTetikuri (SegrZnebiTi).<br />

Aam sami arxi<strong>da</strong>n yovel a<strong>da</strong>mians erT-erTi aqvs ganviTarebuli <strong>da</strong><br />

sakuTari mo<strong>da</strong>luroba gaaCnia, amis gamo, individebi pirobiTad iyofian:<br />

vizualebad, audialebad <strong>da</strong> kinesTetikebad. rogor SevicnoT isini? amaSi<br />

TviT partniori <strong>da</strong>gvexmareba. saxeldobr, Tanamosaubres Tu yuradRebiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>vakvirdebiT <strong>da</strong> movusmenT, SeiZleba igi tonalobiT, Jestikulaciis<br />

TaviseburebebiT, Tvalis moZraobis mimarTulebiT, garkveuli sityvebis<br />

xSiri gamoyenebiT anu predikatebiT <strong>da</strong> a.S. amovicnoT.<br />

tipuri vizuali maRali <strong>da</strong> gamx<strong>da</strong>ria, Tumca, SeiZleba Zalian<br />

msuqanic iyos. is mxrebSi gamarTulia, zurgi <strong>da</strong> kiseri sworad uWiravs;<br />

mas mkveTri moZraobebi axasiaTebs. rCeba STabeWdileba, rom siarulis<br />

dros is win nikaps mihyavs. vizuali gul-mkerdis ze<strong>da</strong> nawiliT sunTqavs,<br />

misi sunTqva ar aris Rrma. is swrafad saubrobs, mkveTri gamoTqma aqvs,<br />

xolo misi xmis tonaloba gacilebiT ufro maRalia, vidre sxva<br />

kategoriis a<strong>da</strong>mianebisa. vizuali saubarSi xSirad iyenebs iseT sityvebs,<br />

rogoricaa: uyureT, SexedeT, nuTu ver xe<strong>da</strong>vT, rom..., rogorc Cans, <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

vizualis mzera xSirad maRlaa mimarTuli, mas garemos aRsaqmelad didi<br />

sivrce esaWiroeba. Jestikulaciisas xSirad miuTiTebs Tvalebze, an exeba<br />

maT.<br />

kinesTetiki ufro msuqania, vidre sxva kategoriis a<strong>da</strong>mianebi. Mmisi<br />

moZraoba narnari <strong>da</strong> Tavisufalia, is <strong>da</strong>dis nela, sunTqavs<br />

mucliT;Llaparakis an mosmenisas mosaubrisaken ixreba. Mmas uyvars<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan axlo kontaqti <strong>da</strong> saubris dros xSirad exeba mosaubres.<br />

37


kinesTetiki xma<strong>da</strong>bla saubrobs_nela <strong>da</strong> auRelveblad <strong>da</strong> xangrZliv<br />

pauzebs akeTebs. igi yvelaze xSirad Semdeg sityvebs xmarobs: me<br />

vgrZnob, rom, yovelTvis aRviqvam, rogorc, <strong>da</strong> sxv. Es arc aris<br />

gasakviri, radgan vizuals mxedvelobiTi organo aqvs ufro<br />

ganviTarebuli. igi Jestikulaciisas xSirad exeba mucelsa <strong>da</strong> gul-<br />

mkerds.<br />

sxeulis formis mixedviT, audials Sualeduri adgili uWiravs<br />

gamx<strong>da</strong>r vizualsa <strong>da</strong> msuqan kinesTetiks Soris; sunTqavs gul-mkerdis<br />

Sua nawiliT. Aaudiali bevrs laparakobs <strong>da</strong> cdilobs, yvela detali<br />

<strong>da</strong>wvrilebiT ganmartos. Mmisi metyveleba ritmuli <strong>da</strong> Tanabaria.<br />

magaliTad, audiali saubarSi xSirad iyenebs Semdeg sityvebs: momismineT,<br />

rogorc amboben, me Tqven geubnebiT, Mme Tqven gekiTxebiT <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />

Jestikulaciis dros is xSirad miuTiTebs yurebze an exeba maT.<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rom am mxriv erTmaneTisagan kulturebic gansxvavdeba.<br />

magaliTad, rusuli <strong>da</strong> amerikuli kultura vizualur-kinesTetikuria,<br />

xolo inglisuri – audialur-vizualuri. TiTqmis yvela Zveli kultura<br />

kinesTetikuri iyo. samwuxarod, qarTuli kulturisaTvis msgavsi<br />

monacemebi ar arsebobs, Mmagram migvaCnia, rom is ufro vizualur-<br />

kinesTetikuria.<br />

risTvis gvWirdeba yovelive es? Tanamosaubres “Tavissave enaze”<br />

un<strong>da</strong> vesaubroT. magaliTad, vizualTan saubrisas sasurvelia<br />

gamoviyenoT TvalsaCinoebebi (diagramebi, sqemebi...), audialTan – musika,<br />

xmis tonaloba, tembri, xolo kinesTetikTan - misive sityvebi.<br />

Yyvela a<strong>da</strong>mianisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia urTierTobis Taviseburi<br />

stili. Mmecnierebi miiCneven, rom es Tavisebureba ganpirobebulia<br />

rogorc individualuri TaviseburebebiTa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianTa pirovnuli<br />

xasiaTiT, aseve cxovrebis istoriiT, xalxTan urTierTobiT,<br />

urTierTobis saerTo wesebiTa <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong>Si urTierTobis stilis mniSvneloba isaa, rom misi<br />

<strong>da</strong>xmarebiT vigebT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva situacias, yalibdeba urTierToba<br />

komunikaciis partniorebs Soris, SeirCeva problemis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis gzebi.<br />

Eefeqtiani kulturaTSorisi <strong>komunikacia</strong> moiTxovs misi yvela<br />

komponentis gamoyenebis codnas. Aam komponentebs Soris mniSvnelovani<br />

38


adgili uWiravs <strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis stils. Mmocemul aspeqtSi<br />

urTierTobis stili es Taviseburi metagzavnilia, romelic miuTiTebs<br />

individebs, rogor gaigon <strong>da</strong> axsnan <strong>verbaluri</strong> urTierTobis –<br />

komunikaciis konteqsti. is a<strong>da</strong>mianis komunikaciuri qcevis individualur<br />

stabilur formas warmoadgens, warmoqmnis nebismier pirobiT<br />

urTierTobas nebismier situaciaSi. Aaq komunikaciis xelovneba<br />

gamoixateba aramarto misi metyvelebiT, aramed SesaZleblobiT, miagnos<br />

enis ufro zust <strong>da</strong> konkretul stilistikur saSualebas, romelic<br />

mxolod mocemul SemTxvevaSia optimaluri.<br />

<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong> gulisxmobs yvela enobrivi Janris codnas:<br />

repliki<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> komentari<strong>da</strong>n leqciamde, moxsenebamde, sainformacio<br />

Setyobinebasa <strong>da</strong> saxalxo gamosvlamde.<br />

g. poCepcovi <strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis oTx stils gamoyofs:<br />

1. pir<strong>da</strong>piri <strong>da</strong> arapir<strong>da</strong>piri stili;<br />

2. zusti <strong>da</strong> mokle stili;<br />

3. pirovnuli <strong>da</strong> situaciuri stili;<br />

4. instrumentuli <strong>da</strong> afeqturi stili (Почепцов 2003:319-322).<br />

urTierTobis pir<strong>da</strong>piri, mkacri stili, mklevarTa azriT,<br />

<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia <strong>da</strong>balkonteqstualuri amerikuli kulturisaTvis. masSi<br />

Zalian mcire adgili rCeba gamouTqmelobisTvis.Aamerikelebi cdiloben<br />

gamoiwvion mosaubre pir<strong>da</strong>piri saubrisaTvis, romlis drosac iyeneben<br />

gamoTqmebs: gviTxariT, ra gaqvT mxedvelobaSi, modiT, ufro<br />

safuZvlianad D<strong>da</strong> sxv. Aam stilSi gamoixateba didi mzrunveloba<br />

mosaubris SenarCunebis, saubris Temaze sakuTari mkafio poziciis<br />

<strong>da</strong>safiqsireblad. Uufro xSirad aseTi stili <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia<br />

individualuri kulturisaTvis.<br />

arapir<strong>da</strong>piri <strong>verbaluri</strong> stili axasiaTebs sametyvelo cnebebs,<br />

romlebic faraven WeSmariT survilebs, miznebs, mosaubris<br />

moTxovnilebebs. aseTi stili <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia maRalkonteqsturi<br />

kulturebisTvis, rogorebicaa samxreT-aRmosavleTi azia, iaponia, korea.<br />

harmoniuli urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba, kulturuli faseuloba<br />

iaponur sazogadoebaSi mosaubrisagan moiTxovs gaugebari, orazrovani<br />

mniSvnelobis sityvebisa <strong>da</strong> gamoTqmebis gamoyenebas, raTa Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

39


aicilon jiuti, TavisTavSi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli kacis STabeWdileba.<br />

iaponelebi irCeven iseTi gamoTqmebs, rogoricaa: SeiZleba,<br />

SesaZlebelia, albaT, raRac, viRac. bavSvebi ori wlis asaki<strong>da</strong>n<br />

swavloben, <strong>da</strong>indon sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebis grZnobebi. isini adreuli<br />

wlebi<strong>da</strong>nve euflebian qcevis sifaqizes, baZaven TavianTi dedebis qcevebs.<br />

uaryofiTi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis gamosaxatavad iaponeli dedebi, Cveulebriv,<br />

ritorikul kiTxvebs iyeneben. Kkoreelebi ar iZlevian “ara”-s tipis<br />

uaryofiT pasuxebs: me ar geTanxmebiT, me ar SemiZlia amis gakeTeba, isini<br />

xSirad iyeneben meryev pasuxebsac: pricipSi... me Tanaxma var <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />

xelovnuri stili iTvaliswinebs urTierTobisas mdi<strong>da</strong>ri,<br />

eqspresiuli enis gamoyenebas. Aamis kargi magaliTia arabuli kultura.<br />

Tu erTi arabi pir<strong>da</strong>pir <strong>da</strong> zustad, mosalodneli <strong>da</strong>rwmunebebis gareSe<br />

gamoTqvams, Tu ra aqvs mxedvelobaSi, meore arabma SeiZleba ifiqros, rom<br />

mas sul sxva ram aqvs mxedvelobaSi. Aase magaliTad, arabul kulturaSi<br />

cotaa mipatiJebisas uari Tqva mxolod ”ara”-Ti. aras Tan un<strong>da</strong> axldes<br />

<strong>da</strong>rwmuneba, fici, rac sruliad zedmetia evropelis an amerikelis<br />

SexedulebiT. isini xom miCveuli arian gamoiyenon zusti stili,<br />

romelic upiratesobas aniWebs lakoniur, TavSekavebul gamoTqmebs.<br />

zusti stili Seicavs informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemisaTvis saWiro aucilebel <strong>da</strong><br />

sakmaris gamoTqmebs (arc meti, arc naklebi, zustad imdeni, ramdenic<br />

aucilebelia).<br />

instrumentuli stili a<strong>da</strong>mians TviT<strong>da</strong>mkvidrebasa <strong>da</strong><br />

mosaubrisagan <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis, avtonomiis SenarCunebaSi exmareba. es<br />

stili warmodgenilia evropul kulturebsa <strong>da</strong> aSS-Si. Aaq a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />

miiswrafvian mosaubres urTierTobisas warudginon Tavi, surT erTmaneTs<br />

gaugon <strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebebis gamoyenebiT. igiEwarmodgenilia <strong>da</strong>niur,<br />

niderlandebisa Svedur individualur kulturebSi.<br />

Aafeqturi stili ki piriqiT, orientirebulia TviT urTierTobaze,<br />

Tanamosaubris grZnobebze <strong>da</strong> moTxovnilebebze, Seguebaze, jgufuri<br />

harmoniis miRwevaze. Amas iqiTken mivyavarT, rom afeqturi stilis dros<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani iZulebulia gafrTxildes, Tavi aaridos sarisko gamoTqmebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>skvnebs. amisaTvis is iyenebs uzustobebs, gverds uvlis pir<strong>da</strong>pir<br />

mtkicebebsa <strong>da</strong> uaryofas.<br />

40


Kkomunikaciis stilebi, romlebic Cven ganvixileT, arsebobs yvela<br />

kulturaSi, magram TiToeul maTganSi isini Taviseburad fasdeba, yvela<br />

maTgans sakuTari mniSvneloba eniWeba. TiToeul SemTxvevaSi komunikaciis<br />

stili gamoxatavs faseulobebsa <strong>da</strong> normebs, romlebic ama Tu im<br />

kulturas udevs safuZvlad.<br />

me-20 saukunis bolo<strong>da</strong>n moyolebuli, sul ufro naTlad ikveTeba<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis sferos specialistebis saWiroeba. raoden<br />

gasakviric un<strong>da</strong> iyos, komunikaciis ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> aspeqtebis<br />

siRrmiseuli <strong>da</strong> Tanmimdevruli Seswavla mxolod me-20 saukunis meore<br />

naxevarSi <strong>da</strong>iwyo. rac Seexeba ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis kvlevis<br />

teqnikur mxares, pirveli yvelaze seriozuli namuSevari am sferoSi _<br />

“emociebis gamovlineba cxovelebsa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianebSi” _ Carlz <strong>da</strong>rvins<br />

ekuTvnis. 1872 wels gamoqveynebulma am namuSevarma mraval Tanamedrove<br />

kvlevas misca <strong>da</strong>sabami, xolo <strong>da</strong>rvinis ideebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kvirvebebi msoflios<br />

wamyvanma mecnierebma aRiares. Mmas Semdeg mecnierebma aTasze meti<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSani <strong>da</strong> signali aRmoaCines.<br />

Aaraverbalur komuniikaciaze saubrisas SeuZlebelia ar vaxsenoT<br />

me-19 <strong>da</strong> me-20 saukuneebis mijnaze warmoSobili fenomeni _ munji<br />

kino.Mmunji kinos msaxiobebi mSvenivrad flobdnen sxeulis enis<br />

safuZvlebs, radgan maTTvis is ekranuli saxeebis gacocxlebis<br />

erTaderTi saSualeba iyo. im droSi saukeTeso msaxiobebad iTvlebodnen<br />

isini, visac mdi<strong>da</strong>ri mimika <strong>da</strong> gamomxatveli sxeulis ena hqon<strong>da</strong>, amitom<br />

msaxiobebi sakmao dros uTmobdnen pantomimisa <strong>da</strong> baletis Seswavlas.<br />

rodesac munji kino xmovanma Secvala <strong>da</strong> samsaxiobo xelovnebis<br />

araverbalur aspeqtebs ukve naklebi yuradReba <strong>da</strong>eTmo, Zveli msaxiobebis<br />

nacvlad, ekrani kargi <strong>verbaluri</strong> SesaZleblobebis mqone msaxiobebma<br />

<strong>da</strong>ipyres.<br />

Aalbert mehrabiani, losanjelesis universitetis profesori, erT-<br />

erTi pirvelTagani iyo, vinc komunikaciis araverbalur aspeqtebsa <strong>da</strong> maT<br />

mniSvnelobaze <strong>da</strong>iwyo saubari. 1972 wels gamoqveynebul naSromSi<br />

“Nonverbal communication” mkvlevari mehrabiani amtkiceb<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong>Si sami ZiriTadi komponentis gamoyofa SeiZleba, esenia:<br />

sityvebi, intonacia <strong>da</strong> sxeulis ena (<strong>verbaluri</strong>, vokaluri, <strong>da</strong><br />

41


vizualuri). Mmehrabianis azriT, komunikaciis procesSi mosaubris mimarT<br />

Cveni mowonebis CamoyalibebaSi am sam komponents sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wvlili<br />

miuZRvis: sityvebs _ 7%, intonacias – 38%, <strong>da</strong> sxeulis enas _ 55%.<br />

mehrabiani ambobs, rom efeqtiani komunikaciisTvis saWiroa es<br />

komponentebi erTmaneTis “kongruentuli” iyos, anu erTmaneTs<br />

eTanxmebodes. Tu es ase ar xdeba, a<strong>da</strong>miani Riziandeba, radgan ori<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva arxis meSveobiT or sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvar informacias iRebs.<br />

magaliTad, Tuki a<strong>da</strong>miani meores eubneba: SenTan araviTari problema ar<br />

maqvs, yvelaferi rigzea, Seni megobari var <strong>da</strong>, amavdroulad, etyoba, rom<br />

aRelvebulia, mosaubres Tvals aridebs, zoga<strong>da</strong>d, negatiur Jestebs<br />

iyenebs, - cxadia, rom Setyobinebis <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> nawilebi<br />

erTmaneTs ar Seesatyviseba, anu kongruentobis principi <strong>da</strong>rRveulia. Aam<br />

SemTxvevaSi, mosaubre <strong>da</strong>eyrdnoba komunikaciis dominatur nawils, anu<br />

araverbalur komponentebs (38%+55%) <strong>da</strong> ar miendoba sityvebiT<br />

gadmocemul Sinaarss. aqve xazgasmiT un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom mehrabiani<br />

ikvlev<strong>da</strong> emociebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebis <strong>komunikacia</strong>s (mowoneba _<br />

armowonebas).M mecnieris mtkicebiT, formula “mTliani mowoneba = 7%,<br />

<strong>verbaluri</strong> mowoneba + 38%, vokaluri mowoneba/ vizualuri mowoneba +<br />

55%, samarTliania mxolod maSin, rodesac a<strong>da</strong>mianebi sakuTar grZnonebsa<br />

<strong>da</strong> urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebze saubroben. Yyvela sxva SemTxvevaSi es<br />

wesi ar marTldeba. mokled rom vTqvaT, is, Tu ras <strong>da</strong> rogor gamoxatavs<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani saubrisas, SesaZloa, gacilebiT ufro mniSvnelovani aRmoCndes,<br />

vidre misi sityvebi. RimiliT iTqva raRac Tu mTqnarebiT, xmamaRla <strong>da</strong><br />

wyromiT, Tu Cumad <strong>da</strong> moferebiT – nebismieri Sinaarsi Sesabamis<br />

konteqstSi aRiqmeba. (Mehrabian 1972:223)<br />

Cven vurTierTobT sityvebis, xmis tonis, sxeulis, pozis, Jestebis<br />

<strong>da</strong> saxis gamometyvelebis saSualebiT. Cven ar SegviZlia urTierToba<br />

<strong>da</strong>vamyaroT maSinac ki, rodesac Cumad varT <strong>da</strong> dumils vinarCunebT,<br />

raRac informacias gavcemT. albaT, swored aman Seaqmnevina cnobil serb<br />

mwerals, milorad paviCs, brwyinvale metafora _ “is dum<strong>da</strong> sxva enaze”.<br />

fsiqologebma gamoTvales, rom informaciis TiTqmis 3/6-s mosaubris<br />

sxeulis (poza, moZraoba, mimika) viRebT, 2/6-s xmis (toni, riTmi, tembri)<br />

42


<strong>da</strong> mxolod 1/6-s _ sityvebiT. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, gansxvavebul konteqstSi es<br />

Tanafardoba icvleba, magram zogadi tendencia igive rCeba.<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong> erTi a<strong>da</strong>mianis mier meorisaTvis Setyobinebis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>cemaa. Ees Setyobineba moicavs gacilebiT mets, vidre Cven mier<br />

naTqvami sityvebi. Aam sityvebs azrs Cveni sxeulis ena <strong>da</strong> xmis toni<br />

aniWebs. sityvebiT informaciis Sinaarss gadmovcemT, xolo sxeuliT,<br />

moZraobiT, intomaciiT _ am Sinaarsis mimarT Cvens <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

Sefasebas. umetes SemTxvevaSi, sityvebi erTmniSvnelovnad gamoxatavs<br />

azrs <strong>da</strong> maT TiTqmis yvela erTnairad igebs. xolo ra mniSvnelobas<br />

aniWebs konkretuli a<strong>da</strong>miani ama Tu moZraobas, Jests an intonacias _<br />

arcTu ise cxadi <strong>da</strong> naTelia. Aa<strong>da</strong>mianis sxeuli <strong>da</strong> goneba erTi<br />

mTlianobaa. Cveni emociebi, fiqrebi Cvens sxeulze aisaxeba <strong>da</strong>, piriqiT,<br />

sxeulis garkveuli fizikuri mdgomareoba, sxeulis poza gavlenas<br />

axdens Cvens sulier mdgomareobaze.<br />

kargi komunikaciis unari Cveni warmatebis mTavari garantiaa. Tu<br />

warmatebuli urTierTobis strategiebs aviTvisebT, Cven SevZlebT:<br />

mivaRwioT urTierTgagebas kolegebTan, efeqtianad movemsaxuroT<br />

klientebs, mivaRwioT sasurvel Sedegs molaparakebis procesSi;<br />

advilad <strong>da</strong>varwmunoT sxvebi Cveni azris sisworeSi;<br />

gamoxatulebaTa umniSvnelo cvlilebebis aRqmas movaxerxebT, amiT<br />

SevZlebT, mis Sinagan mdgomareobas CavwvdeT.<br />

Aa<strong>da</strong>mianebis umetesobas naklebi informacia aqvs ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

komunikaciis Sesaxeb, Tumca mas mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia<br />

urTierTobis procesSi. araverbalur <strong>komunikacia</strong>s aseve “sxeulis enas”<br />

uwodeben; is moicavs Jestebs, sxeulis moZraobas, saxis gamometyvelebas,<br />

pirovnul sivrces, Cacmulobas.<br />

Aara<strong>verbaluri</strong> maniSneblebis zusti intepretacia <strong>da</strong> gageba<br />

gvexmareba komunikaciis <strong>da</strong>myarebasa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianebis ukeT gagebaSi, Tumca<br />

un<strong>da</strong> gvaxsovdes, rom zog araverbalur niSans SeiZleba gansxvavebuli,<br />

an ramdenime intepretacia hqondes, rac maT zust gagebas arTulebs.<br />

sxeulis eniT ga<strong>da</strong>icema grZnobebi, <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebi, maSin roca<br />

<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciiT ga<strong>da</strong>icema sityvebi <strong>da</strong> mosazrebebi. xSirad<br />

emociebisa <strong>da</strong> ganwyobis gageba ufro mniSvnelovania a<strong>da</strong>mianisaTvis,<br />

43


vidre sityvebisa <strong>da</strong> mosazrebebis; naTqvamis arsi marto is ki ar aris,<br />

ras vambobT, aramed rogor vambobT; sxvebis reaqcia Cven<strong>da</strong>mi xSirad<br />

araverbalur niSnebze pasuxia <strong>da</strong> ara verbalurze.<br />

Aaraverbalur maniSneblebs umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs<br />

interpersonalur <strong>komunikacia</strong>Si; <strong>da</strong>dgenilia, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

urTierTobisas komunikaciis 90% gamosaxvis ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebebiT<br />

(xmiT, gamometyvelebiTa <strong>da</strong> sxeulis moZraobiT) xdeba <strong>da</strong> saSualod<br />

mxolod 10% (7-11%) ga<strong>da</strong>icema <strong>verbaluri</strong>s <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT (Adelman, Levine 1993:<br />

45).<br />

arsebobs ramdenime principi, rac kargad gamoxatavs ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

komunikaciis arss:<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> informacia yovelTvis ga<strong>da</strong>icema, mosaubris<br />

survilis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, maSinac ki, rodesac <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong><br />

wydeba, anu, wyaro wyvets informaciis miwodebas; sxeulis poza,<br />

Cacmuloba, saxis gamometyveleba, arasruli CamonaTvalia im<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebisa, romelTa <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT mudmivad viRebT<br />

informacias mosaubris <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebis, ganwyobis, emociis<br />

Sesaxeb;<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciiT saukeTesod gamoixateba emociebi,<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba, mimarTuleba, rac xSirad Znelad gamoiTqmis<br />

sityvebiT;<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong> ufro sandod <strong>da</strong> gulwrfelad aris<br />

miCneuli, vidre <strong>verbaluri</strong>, radgan ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebis<br />

gakontroleba ufro Znelia, vidre sityvebis; Tu maT Soris<br />

Seusabamobaa, a<strong>da</strong>mianebi ufro metad araverbalur informacias<br />

endobian; albaT Zneli iqneba msmenelisaTvis imis <strong>da</strong>jereba, rom<br />

saubris Tema Zalian sainteresoa, Tu Tavad prezentators<br />

prezentaciis Catarebisas eZineba.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong> ufro adreulia, vidre <strong>verbaluri</strong>;<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi metyvelebis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde urTierTobisaTvis araverbalur<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong>s iyenebdnen; aseve bavSvebi, ganviTarebis procesSi jes<br />

araverbalur <strong>komunikacia</strong>s swavloben Semdeg ki _ verbalurs.<br />

44


a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan komunikaciisas saWiroa vicnobdeT sxeulis enas, raTa:<br />

wavikiTxoT Cveni mosaubris ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong>, anu gvesmodes<br />

sxeulis ena (Jestebi, mimika, sivrcis aTviseba, metyvelebis<br />

Semadgeneli maxasiaTeblebi _ xmis tempri, simaRle, siswrafe <strong>da</strong> sxva)<br />

<strong>da</strong> amiT gavigoT mosaubris mdgomareoba.<br />

<strong>da</strong>vakvirdeT sakuTari aracnobieris aseTive gamovlinebas <strong>da</strong><br />

organizeba gavukeToT maT, cnobierad vmarToT.<br />

sxeulis enis kontroli Zalian mniSvnelovania prezentaciis<br />

Catarebis dros.<br />

Aa<strong>da</strong>mianis ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> qceva misi fsiqikuri mdgomareobiTaa<br />

ganpirobebuli. swored amiT aixsneba pirovnebis Sinagani samyaro, misi<br />

individualuri <strong>da</strong> socialuri Tvisebebi. Secvlili viTarebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare a<strong>da</strong>miani axal verbalur qcevas gacilebiT advilad <strong>da</strong><br />

swrafad iTvisebs (anu sxvagvarad metyvelebs). <strong>verbaluri</strong>sgan<br />

gansxvavebiT ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong> (sxeulis ena) ki naklebad<br />

plastikuri <strong>da</strong> moqnilia. erTi SexedviT SeiZleba mogveCvenos, TiTqos<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebebi naklebad mniSvnelovania, magram realurad es<br />

ase ar aris. Tu informaciis am or wyaros_ verbalur <strong>da</strong> araverbalur<br />

saSualebebs Soris winaaRmdegoba warmoiSoba, e.i a<strong>da</strong>miani erTs ambobs,<br />

mis saxeze ki meore ikiTxeba, maSin met ndobas ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> informacia<br />

imsaxurebs.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis elementebi SeiZleba<br />

avsebdnen, an cvlidnen erTmaneTs. am urTierTobaTa ramdenime varianti<br />

arsebobs (Почепцов 1998:319). komunikaciis verbalur <strong>da</strong> araverbalur<br />

aspeqtTa Semdeg Sesabamisobebs vxvdebiT:<br />

I. ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong> SeiZleba avsebdes verbalur<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong>s. magaliTad, Tu Cven viRimebiT <strong>da</strong> vambobT salami, rogoraa<br />

saqmeebi? maSin es ori moqmedeba, Rimili <strong>da</strong> misalmeba erTmaneTs avsebs.<br />

<strong>da</strong>mateba gulisxmobs, rom ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> elementebi ufro mxatvruls<br />

xdis metyvelebas, azusteben <strong>da</strong> ganmartaven maT. magaliTisTvis: misis<br />

silsberni gakvirvebiT momaSter<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mkiTxa _ isic monawileob<strong>da</strong> Tqvens<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>cemaSi? (selinjeri 2011:162). Aanu sityvebi gakvirvebiT momaSter<strong>da</strong><br />

avsebs verbalur Setyobinebas <strong>da</strong> amavdroulad aZlierebs mas.<br />

45


saanalizod moviyvanoT qarTuli magaliTic, levani <strong>da</strong> bondo<br />

radiokomitetis SenobaSi Sevidnen, levanma bondos sTxova rom erT<br />

CanawerSi sityva <strong>da</strong>karga <strong>da</strong> mas AaRedgina.<br />

_ visi Canaweria, batono levan? hkiTxa bondom liftSi, levanma<br />

<strong>da</strong>mnaSavesaviT <strong>da</strong>xara Tavi.<br />

_ uCa argveTelis!<br />

_ rao?! Ara batono levan, ara... ar gewyinoT <strong>da</strong>... magden Tavxedobas<br />

ver Caviden, _ xelebi gaasavsava axalgazr<strong>da</strong> msaxiobma (yifiani 2010:277).<br />

kinesikuri paralingvizmi „xelebis gasavsaveba“, rac pir<strong>da</strong>pir <strong>da</strong><br />

naTlad miuTiTebs uaris Tqmaze, avsebs verbalur Setyobinebas.<br />

moviyvanoT kidev erTi qarTuli magaliTi: Tazom jibeSi xur<strong>da</strong><br />

gaiCxriala <strong>da</strong> iqve gastronomSi Sevi<strong>da</strong>, Cvenc SevyeviT, or-ori „prima“<br />

viyideT yoveli SemTxvevisTvis.<br />

_ Cven, Cvenc gviyide rame?<br />

_ ra gin<strong>da</strong> melita? _ vkiTxe me.<br />

_ Sokoladi an...<br />

_ Senc nia?...<br />

niam Tavi <strong>da</strong>miqnia... axlave<br />

gastronomSi tkbileulobis <strong>da</strong>xli calke iyo gamoyofili, magram<br />

noqari arsad Can<strong>da</strong>.<br />

_ romeli gin<strong>da</strong>?<br />

_ai, is _Tarosken miuTiTa xeliT melitam.<br />

Tavis <strong>da</strong>qneviT gamoixateba Tanxmoba, xolo verbalur Setyobinebas<br />

“ai is“ avsebs ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> maxasiaTebeli xeliT miTiTeba (yifiani<br />

2010:231).<br />

Rimili megobarTan Sexvedrisas enobriv Setyobinebas avsebs.<br />

metyveleba ufro gasagebia, Tuki mas Tan axlavs Jestebi. magaliTad, Tu<br />

yuradRebis miqceva gvin<strong>da</strong> raime informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>sacemad, SegviZlia<br />

maRla avswioT saCvenebeli TiTi.<br />

II. ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> qcevebi SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes verbalur<br />

Setyobinebebs. Tu TvalebSi ar ucqeriT mosaubres <strong>da</strong> eubnebiT, rom<br />

sasiamovnoa maTTan saubari, maSin aseTi ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> moqmedeba<br />

ewinaaRmdegeba Tqvens pozitiur verbalur Setyobinebas. uaryofa,<br />

46


ugulebelyofa gulisxbobs, rom ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> informacia<br />

ewinaaRmdegeba a<strong>da</strong>mianis sityvebs. Tu ambobT, rom gixariaT vinmes naxva<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tan iWmuxnebiT, laparakobT civad <strong>da</strong> mSralad, Tqveni mosaubre<br />

albaT <strong>da</strong>eWvdeba Tqvens gulwrfelobaSi. Tu magaliTad, banqos TamaSis<br />

dros moTamaSe eweva sigarets <strong>da</strong> Tan am dros mas mouva kargi banqo, is<br />

sigaretis kvamls zemoT uSvebs, cudi banqos mosvlis SemTxvevaSi ki<br />

piriqiT, kvamls <strong>da</strong>bla uSvebs. bevrma kargma moTamaSem TamaSTan erTad<br />

iswavla is fandebi, riTac SeuZlia Tavis “<strong>da</strong>cva”. maT SeuZliaT<br />

kontroli gauwion sxeuls, romelsac SeuZlia maTi gacema. zogi<br />

msaxiobur niWsac ki iCens. isini “cru” moZraobebs sCadian, sxeulis<br />

<strong>da</strong>Zabuli moZraobebiT cdiloben <strong>da</strong>arwmunon sxva moTamaSeebi imaSi, rom<br />

TiTqos cudi banqo mouvi<strong>da</strong>T, rom TamaSs agebs. agreTve Tuki moTamaSes<br />

mouvi<strong>da</strong> oTxi tuzi, magram un<strong>da</strong> moatyuos sxva moTamaSeebi, aseT<br />

SemTxvevaSi igi tuCs moikvnets an karts Zlier <strong>da</strong>anarcxebs magi<strong>da</strong>ze,<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wveba <strong>da</strong> Tavs gaiqnevs, magram amis Semdeg moTamaSes SeuZlia moswios<br />

sigareti <strong>da</strong> kvamli maRla (WerSi) gauSvas. <strong>da</strong>kvirvebebma cxadyo, rom<br />

kargi banqos mosvlisasas- sigaretis kvamls zeviT uSveben, cudi kartis<br />

mosvlis SemTxvevaSi ki qveviT (Пиз 2006:89) am magaliTi<strong>da</strong>n SeiZleba<br />

gavigoT, rom aris situaciebi, rodesac <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

qmedebebi erTmaneTs ar eTanxmeba.<br />

moswevT“,<br />

ganvixiloTNnawyveti stiven kingis moTxrobi<strong>da</strong>n „korporacia nu<br />

_ isev „kregeri <strong>da</strong> baertonis“ firmaSi muSaob?<br />

_ me iq axla pirveli vice-prezidenti var.<br />

_ai, es mesmis! Ggilocav! rodis <strong>da</strong>gniSnes?<br />

morisonma sca<strong>da</strong> Tavi <strong>da</strong>erwmunebina, rom gulZmarva Surisgan ki ar<br />

hqon<strong>da</strong>, aramed momatebuli mJavianobisgan. Mman abebi amoiRo, erTi cali<br />

pirSi Caido <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ReWa (kingi 2011:48-49).<br />

moviyvanoT magaliTi yifianis moTxroba „mwvane fardi<strong>da</strong>n“,<br />

moqmedeba viTardeba studiaSi, mama Svili levani <strong>da</strong> gizo eZeben firis<br />

naglejs, sa<strong>da</strong>c cnobili msaxiobis - uCa arTveliZis xmaa Cawerili, didi<br />

xnis Zebnis Sedegad firs mainc ver pouloben.<br />

47


_ mama, Tqva gizom _ iqneb TviTon arc uTqvams is sityva? Aan<strong>da</strong>,<br />

iqneb mikrofoni CarTe gvian <strong>da</strong>...<br />

_ yvelaferi rigze iyo, _ xeli Caiqnia levanma (yifiani 2010:260-261).<br />

TiTqos levans Tavisi pasuxis gacemiT - „yvelaferi rigze iyoo“ ar<br />

undo<strong>da</strong> SvilisTvis mRelvareba eCvenebina, magram xelis CaqneviT,<br />

romelic gaucnobiereblad gaakeTa, aCvena, rom is Relav<strong>da</strong>, rom ukve<br />

azri aRarafers hqon<strong>da</strong>.<br />

auRelveblad melaparakebo<strong>da</strong>, cremlebi ki cvio<strong>da</strong> TavisTavad<br />

(yifiani 2010:191). am konkretul SemTxvevaSi verbalur Setyobinebas<br />

ewinaaRmdegeba ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> qmedeba.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> Cvevebis Seucnobeli, gauazrebeli gamoyenebiT,<br />

romelic cu<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>a marTuli azrovnebis mier, SeiZleba sruliad uarvyoT<br />

naTqvami. Tuki a<strong>da</strong>mians sakuTari ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> qmedebebis gakontroleba<br />

SeeZleba, maSin igi qvecnobieris marTvasac SeZlebs.<br />

III. ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> qcevebi SeiZleba cvlides verbalur<br />

Setyobinebebs: bavSvma SeiZleba migviTiTos saTamaSoze nacvlad imisa,<br />

rom Tqvas: es saTamaSo min<strong>da</strong>. es niSnavs, rom araverbalurma qcevam<br />

SeiZleba Caanacvlos <strong>verbaluri</strong> qceva. Tqven SegiZliaT xmaurian<br />

auditoriaSi JestiT aCvenoT axlobels, rom gin<strong>da</strong>T gamovides <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>gelaparakos. maRaziaSi SeiZleba miuTiToT gamyidvels im saganze,<br />

romelic gainteresebs. aviRoTNnawyveti j. londonis moTxrobi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

„alisferi Wiri“:<br />

mama meubnebo<strong>da</strong>, rom Seni coli santa-rosas tomi<strong>da</strong>n iyo <strong>da</strong><br />

araviTari didgvarovani. Ees mamamisma uambo, sanam mokvdebo<strong>da</strong>. is<br />

ambob<strong>da</strong>, rom wiTel Wiramde igi mimtani iyo sasadiloSi, Tumca me ar<br />

vici, es ra aris. Sen ici, edvin?<br />

Eedvinma uaryofis niSnad Tavi gaaqnia“ (londoni 2011:41). ATavis<br />

gaqnevis Jesti uaryofis maCvenebelia, am konkretul magaliTSi<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSniT mkafiod gamoixateba uaryofa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad<br />

mocemul situaciaSi sruliad zedmetia verbalurad azris gamoxatva.<br />

IV. ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> qcevebi <strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis maregulirebeli<br />

elementi SeiZleba iyos: saubrisas xSirad gamoiyeneba Jestebi, pozis<br />

cvlileba, Sexeba. magaliTad, Tavis <strong>da</strong>qnevis gamoxatvis, intonaciis<br />

48


mixedviT SeiZleba mivxvdeT, rom movi<strong>da</strong> Cveni saubris rigi (mag: yvela<br />

Tanamosaubrem Semogvxe<strong>da</strong>). regulireba warmoadgens a<strong>da</strong>mianTa Soris<br />

urTierTqmedebis koordinacias. saubris Temis mxar<strong>da</strong>saWerad xSirad<br />

gamoiyeneben sityvebis Semcvlel niSnebs: Jestebs, pozis Secvlas,<br />

raRacaze an viRacaze Sexeba <strong>da</strong> sxva. magaliTad, Tavis <strong>da</strong>qneviT,<br />

SexedviT, intonaciiT <strong>da</strong> sxeulis ga<strong>da</strong>xriT Cven SeiZleba mivxvdeT, rom<br />

<strong>da</strong>dga Cveni saubarSi CarTvis dro.<br />

magaliTisTvis _ <strong>da</strong> modi am ucnauri sityvebis gareSe, - ganagrZo<br />

kurdRlistuCam. _ garkveviT ilaparake papa, rogor yvela santa-rosa<br />

laparakobs.<br />

moxucs aSkarad esiamovna es Txovna. Mman Caaxvela <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyo...…(londoni 2011:58).<br />

moviyvanoT kidev erTi magaliTi spasalarma nela <strong>da</strong>axvela, amiT<br />

undo<strong>da</strong> Seexsenebina fiqriT mocul giorgisaTvis: rad mixmeo weRan?<br />

(gamsaxurdia 1979:136).<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> qmedeba SesaZlebelia imeorebdes verbalur<br />

Setyobinebas: Txovna, xma<strong>da</strong>bla isaubron, <strong>da</strong> saCvenebeli TiTis tuCebTan<br />

mitana.<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi araverbalur urTierTobebs mimarTaven imisaTvis, rom<br />

zustad <strong>da</strong> gasagebad gadmoscen TavianTi azrebi, grZnobebi, emociebi. es<br />

saerToa yvela kulturisaTvis, Tumca sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturisaTvis<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mniSvnelobaa <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli. amgvarad, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturis<br />

warmomadgenelTa urTierTobisaTvis aucilebelia urTierTobaTa im<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> formebis codna <strong>da</strong> gageba, romelic <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia<br />

mocemuli kulturisaTvis.<br />

eWvs ar iwvevs isic, rom sityvebis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

informacias vRebulobT, maT Soris iseTsac, romelic mosaubris<br />

kulturaze migviTiTebs. amave dros informacias imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras<br />

warmoadgens es a<strong>da</strong>miani, Cven vgebulobT mimikiT, JestebiT, intonaciiT.<br />

mimikis, Jestebis, pozebis saSualebiT a<strong>da</strong>mianis sulieri energia<br />

gamoixateba, moZraobani, simptomebi (gafiTreba an saxeze gawiTleba) iman<br />

visac un<strong>da</strong> kargad Seiswavlos Tavisi partnioris xasiaTi, kargad un<strong>da</strong><br />

49


ocodes misi grZnobebis gamoxatvis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saSualeba, SeZlos maTi<br />

adekvaturi Sefaseba.<br />

urTierTobis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xerxis buneba <strong>da</strong> formebi saSualebas<br />

gvaZlevs visaubroT <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciebis arsebiT<br />

gansxvavebaze. ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> urTierTobani yovelTvis socialuria, maTi<br />

saSualebiT SeiZleba gavigoT komunikaciis monawileTa axlandeli<br />

mdgomareoba, magram ver SevZlebT gavigoT sxvagan momx<strong>da</strong>ri movlenebis<br />

Sesaxeb.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> cnobebi sinTezuria. Znelia maTi diferencireba.<br />

komunikaciis <strong>verbaluri</strong> elementebi (sityva, wina<strong>da</strong>deba, fraza)<br />

erTmaneTisagan mkafio<strong>da</strong>a gamijnuli.<br />

gansxvavebulia <strong>verbaluri</strong> cnebebi. Tuki a<strong>da</strong>mianebs surT <strong>da</strong>malon<br />

TavianTi ganzraxvebi, maT SeuZliaT kontroli gauwion sakuTar<br />

metyvelebas, magram ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> qcevebi praqtikulad kontrols ar<br />

eqvemdebareba, amitom xSirad komunikaciis praqtikaSi xSiria Secdomebi,<br />

romlebic gamowveulia mxolod ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> moqmedebebiT. magaliTad,<br />

erT-erTma partniorma saubrisas cxviri moiqeqa, es rom SeamCnia meore<br />

partniorma, <strong>da</strong>askvna, rom mosaubre tyuis, Tumca pirvels marTlac<br />

eqavebo<strong>da</strong> cxviri.<br />

mecnieri albert mehrabiani miiCnevs, rom araverbalur enas<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, rogorc wesi, advilad iTviseben bunebriv pirobebSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>kvirvebebis, kopirebis mibaZvis saSualebiT. bavSvebs ki saubars<br />

specialurad aswavlian. amas yuradRebas aqcevs ojaxi <strong>da</strong> socialuri<br />

institutebi (Пиз 2006: 45). magaliTad, roca Cven vamCnevT a<strong>da</strong>mianis, Cveni<br />

mosaubris aragulwrfelobas, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d veyrdnobiT Cvensave intuicias,<br />

vsaubrobT meeqvse grZnobaze. sinamdvileSi mosaubris gamocnobaSi Cven<br />

gvexmareba yuradReba, xSirad Seucnoblad mcire ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebiT<br />

vamCnevT, vkiTxulobT, sityvaTa Seusabamobas vxvdebiT.<br />

amrigad, ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong> mravalganzomilebiani,<br />

mravalferovani, <strong>verbaluri</strong>s paraleluri procesia, romelic ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />

qvecnobierad mimdinareobs.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis zogierT normebs zogadi erovnuli an<br />

eTnikuri buneba aqvT: evropaSi misalmebisas xels arTmeven, xolo<br />

50


indoeTSi misalmebisas orive xels mkerdTan miitanen <strong>da</strong> odnav ixrebian.<br />

sxva viwro profesiul sferoSi miRebulia signalebi, romliTac<br />

urTierToben wyalmaSvelebi <strong>da</strong> myvinTavebi.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis ormagi buneba universaluria, yvela<br />

niSani gasagebi specifikuri signalebis arsebobiT aixsneba, romelic<br />

mxolod erTi kulturisTvisaa gasagebi.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis ganzraxuli niSnebis safuZvelze<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis mkvlevari, alan pizi gamoyofs <strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

saSualebebis sam tips:<br />

1. fiziologiur reaqciaze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli qceviTi niSnebi: gafiTreba<br />

an gawiTleba; mRelvarebis gamo oflis gamoyofa, sicivis an SiSisagan<br />

kankali <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />

magaliTad ucnobma erTi nabiji gadmodga, qudi moixa<strong>da</strong>, raTa saxe<br />

gamoeCina <strong>da</strong> hkiTxa:<br />

_ ver mcnobT?<br />

don Juanma igi didi yuradRebiT aaTvaliera, magram ver icno.<br />

_ gaxsovT Tu ara berg opzoomis alya? _ hkiTxa ucnobma. _ nuTu<br />

<strong>da</strong>gaviwy<strong>da</strong>T jariskaci, romelsac modestos eZaxdnen?<br />

don juani JrJolam aitana (merime 2011:81-82).<br />

moviyvanoT kidev erTi nawyveti imave moTxrobi<strong>da</strong>n SemaWirvebeli<br />

pasuxis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad don juanma sabralo qals urcxvi werili<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>sca. man saCqarod ga<strong>da</strong>avlo Tvali, magram pirvelad veraferi gaigo,<br />

xelaxla ga<strong>da</strong>ikiTxa <strong>da</strong> Tvalebs ar <strong>da</strong>ujera. don juani yuradRebiT<br />

ucqero<strong>da</strong>. xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong>, rogor iwmend<strong>da</strong> qali ofls Sublze, rogor<br />

ifSvnet<strong>da</strong> Tvalebs: tuCebi uTrTo<strong>da</strong>, saxe gafiTrebuli hqon<strong>da</strong><br />

micvalebuliviT (merime 2011:50).<br />

„JrJolam aitana, oflis mowmen<strong>da</strong>, Tvalebis fSvneta, tuCebis<br />

TrTola, saxis gafiTreba“ yvela es moqmedeba qceviTi fiziologiuri<br />

niSnebia, romelTa kontroli SeuZlebelia.<br />

2. winaswar ganuzraxveli niSnebi, romelTa gamoyeneba a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

CvevebTan (maT TviTa<strong>da</strong>ptorebs eZaxian) cxviris moqeqva, fexis umizezod<br />

qaneba, tuCis mokvneta <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />

51


3. gansakuTrebuli komunikaciuri niSnebi: signalebi, romlebic<br />

gvawvdian informacias obieqtis Sesaxeb, aseve movlenebi an<br />

mdgomareobebi (Гойхман 2005:191).<br />

amrigad, <strong>komunikacia</strong>Si ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebebi spontanurad<br />

gamoiyeneba. es gamowveulia rogorc centraluri nervuli sistemis<br />

rogorc <strong>da</strong>bali, aseve umaRlesi maCveneblebiT, romlebic pasuxs ageben<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong>ze. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, raRac xarisxSi ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> elementebi<br />

kontrols eqvemdebareba, magram mxolod Zalian Zlieri TviTkontrolis<br />

SemTxvevaSic ki SeiZleba moxdes informaciis “gaJonva”.<br />

52


Tavi II<br />

Aara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis kulturaTSorisi aspeqtebi<br />

sityvieri urTierToba saubris 35%-s moicavs, xolo informaciis<br />

65%-is ga<strong>da</strong>cema ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebebis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT xdeba. albert<br />

meifrabianma (Пиз 2006:9) <strong>da</strong>adgina, rom <strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebebiT<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>icema informaciis 7%, bgeriTi saSualebebiT – (xmis tonisa <strong>da</strong><br />

bgeris intonaciis CaTvliT) 38%, ara<strong>verbaluri</strong>T 55%. profesorma<br />

berdvilsma (Пиз 2006:10) Caatara analogiuri samuSao a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

urTierTobebSi ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebebis xvedriTi wilis Sesaxeb. man<br />

<strong>da</strong>adgina, rom a<strong>da</strong>miani dRis ganmavlobaSi sityvebiT 10-11 wuTs<br />

laparakobs, rom TiToeuli wina<strong>da</strong>deba 2,5 wamze didxans ar JRers.<br />

rogorc meifrabianma, manac aRmoaCina, rom sityvieri urTierToba<br />

saubris 35%-s moicavs, xolo informaciis 65% ga<strong>da</strong>icema ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

saSualebebiT. mkvlevarTa umravlesoba iziarebs azrs, rom <strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

arxi gamoiyeneba informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemisaTvis, maSin roca ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

arxi pirovnebaTa urTierTobis „ganxilvisas“ gamoiyeneba, xolo zogierT<br />

SemTxvevaSi sityvieri Setyobinebis nacvlad ixmareba (Ekman, Friesen 1969:4).<br />

mag: qals SeuZlia qmars „momakvdinebeli“ mzera esrolos, <strong>da</strong> amiT igi<br />

SesaniSnavad gamoxatavs Tavis <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas <strong>da</strong> amisTvis mas sityvis<br />

Tqmac ar sWirdeba.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong> ufro sandod <strong>da</strong> gulwrfelad aris<br />

miCneuli, vidre <strong>verbaluri</strong>, radgan ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebis gakontroleba<br />

ufro Znelia, vidre sityvebis; Tu maT Soris Seusabamobaa, maSin<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi ufro metad araverbalur informacias endobian. Aamis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sturad moviyvanoT nawyveti ,,didostatis marjveni<strong>da</strong>n“:<br />

mefe dinjad ij<strong>da</strong> mSvlis bewvis unagirze <strong>da</strong> Sescqero<strong>da</strong> mamamzis<br />

irmisisfer Tvalebs. Mmis mu<strong>da</strong>raSi imdeni siwrfele <strong>da</strong> mamaSviluri<br />

ruduneba ismo<strong>da</strong>, gaoc<strong>da</strong> giorgi.<br />

Zveli mamamze moagon<strong>da</strong>, Sirimnis fanaskertis <strong>da</strong> nialis omebSi<br />

TanamebrZoli. Bbagrat kurapalatis uerTgulesi yma <strong>da</strong> misive siyrmis<br />

megobari.<br />

exla ki eWvi Seepara giorgis egeb styuodnen mstovrebi, mamamze<br />

ubralo iyoso kolonkeliZisa <strong>da</strong> Wiaberis mier atexil amboxSi.<br />

53


cxeni<strong>da</strong>n ar Camovi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita im wuTSive <strong>da</strong>emartoxelebina<br />

mamamze, Zmurad, mamaSvilurad gasaubrebo<strong>da</strong>, gamoekiTxa Wiaberis<br />

gandgomis mizezi.<br />

Semdgom amisa, saxis gamometyvelebiT, an xmis niriT gamoarkvev<strong>da</strong><br />

mefe, Tu ra wili edo Tavad mamamzes am saqmeSi (gamsaxurdia 1976:22).<br />

Aaqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, kidev erTxel aRvniSnavT, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />

urTierTobis sworad warmarTvisaTvis araverbalur <strong>komunikacia</strong>s ufro<br />

endobian, radganac sityvebiT „TamaSi“ SeiZleba, xolo ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

niSnebis gakontroleba SeuZlebelia.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis umniSvnelovanesi Taviseburebaa is, rom<br />

igi xorcieldeba grZnobis yvela organos meSveobiT: mxedvelobis, smenis,<br />

SegrZnebis, gemos, ynosvis, romelnic komunikaciis sakuTar arxs qmnian.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis elementebia: kinesika, taqtiluri<br />

moqmedeba, sensorika, proqsemika, qronemika. Yyvelaferi es qvemoT<br />

cxrilis saxiT aris mocemuli (Burgoon 1994: 229).<br />

kinesika sxeulis moZraobebi, (saxis<br />

alewva, mxrebis aCeCva, Tvalis<br />

moZraoba fexis moZraoba, TiTebis<br />

bartyuni)<br />

proqsemika <strong>da</strong>yofa sivrcis mixedviT (fizikur <strong>da</strong><br />

taqtiluri moqmedeba Sexeba<br />

socialur garemosTan mimarTebaSi)<br />

okulistika mxedvelobiTi kontaqti<br />

qronemika drois gamoyeneba, lodini, pauzis<br />

gakeTeba<br />

sernsorika ynosva<br />

vokaliqsi xmis toni, tembri, moculoba,siCqare<br />

xmis simboloebi butbuti, mmm, er, ah, uh, huh, luRluRi<br />

siCume xmis nakleboba: mdumareba, simSvide,<br />

idumaleba<br />

mokazmuloba Cacmuloba, samkaulebi, Tmis<br />

54


varcxniloba<br />

poza sxeulis pozicia (realuri an<br />

moCvenebiTi maxasiaTeblebi)<br />

moZraoba siaruli, sirbili, barbaci, koWlobiT<br />

siaruli<br />

gamometyveleba warbSekruli, <strong>da</strong>manWuli, Tavmomwone,<br />

gaRimebuli, gabutuli.<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva avtori ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis struqturirebis<br />

gansxvavebul models gvTavazobs. profesori a<strong>da</strong>m blatneri, amerikel<br />

fsiqiatrTa asociaciis wevri, msoflioSi aRiarebuli specialisti<br />

fsiqodramebisa <strong>da</strong> roluri TamaSebis sferoSi, Semdegnair <strong>da</strong>yofas<br />

gvTavazobs:<br />

pirovnuli sivrce;<br />

sxeulis poza;<br />

Jestikulacia xelebiT;<br />

TvalebiT kontaqti;<br />

paraena (xmovani komunikaciis „araleqsikuri“ nawili intonacia,<br />

intensivoba, toni, simaRle, saubris tempi, pauzebi);<br />

Sexeba;<br />

garegnoba (tansacmeli, makiaJi, aqsesuarebi);<br />

sivrceSi <strong>da</strong>kavebuli pozicia (magaliTad, mosaubris mimarT);<br />

saxis gamometyveleba;<br />

siarulis, moZraobis manera;<br />

fiziologiuri reaqciebi (gawiTleba, ofli, kankali, nestoebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>berva, cremlebi, nikapis caxcaxi, wamwamebis xamxami, gafiTreba,<br />

nerwyvis ylapva, mZime sunTqva);<br />

ganvixiloT zogierTi es kategoriaTagani ufro vrclad.<br />

proqsemika es komunikaciis sivrcobrivi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaa. mocemuli<br />

termini SemoRebulia amerikel anTropologis-e. holis mier, sivrcobrivi<br />

komunikaciis organizaciuli kanonmdeblobisaTvis, agreTve teritoriuli<br />

55


gavlenisaTvis, xalxTa Soris manZilisa <strong>da</strong> distanciisaTvis, pirovnuli<br />

urTierTobisaTvis. specialurma gamokvlevebma gviCvena, rom isini<br />

arsebiTad gansxvavdeba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturaSi <strong>da</strong> ganekuTvnebian<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong>s (Hhall 1997:271)<br />

yoveli a<strong>da</strong>miani Tvlis, rom sivrcis gansazRvruli moculoba aris<br />

misi sakuTreba <strong>da</strong> am sivrcis <strong>da</strong>rRveva ganixileba, rogorc mis Sinagan<br />

samyaroSi SeWra, rogorc aramegobruli qceva, amitomac a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

urTierToba yovelTvis myardeba gansazRrul manZilze <strong>da</strong> es manZili<br />

gviCvenebs xasiaTsa <strong>da</strong> xalxTaSoris <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas. yoveli a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

Segnebulad awesebs Tavisi piraduli sivrcis sazRvrebs.<br />

ase, magaliTad, megobrebi yovelTvis dganan axlos erTimeoresTan,<br />

vidre ucnobebi, amavdroulad a<strong>da</strong>mianTa Soris distanciis Secvla<br />

urTierTobisas ganekuTvneba komunikaciis procesis nawils. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa,<br />

partniorebis <strong>komunikacia</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia iseT faqtorebze, rogorebicaa;<br />

sqesi, romelime kulturis an subieqturi kulturis kuTvnileba <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />

e. holma Tavisi <strong>da</strong>kvirvebebis Sedegad gamoyo komunikaciis oTxi zona:<br />

intimur-gancalkevebuli; piraduli manZili; socialuri distancia <strong>da</strong><br />

sajaro urTierTobis distancia.<br />

ama Tu im kulturul sazogadoebaSi gansxvavebulia intimuri<br />

zonis distanciebi. <strong>da</strong>savleT evropelebis kulturaSi es distancia<br />

<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 60sm-ia; aRmosavleT evropis kulturaSi igi uswordeba<br />

<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 45sm-s; samxreT evropisa <strong>da</strong> xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebisaTvis<br />

ki es aris manZili TiTebis <strong>da</strong>sasruli<strong>da</strong>n xelis i<strong>da</strong>yvamde. partniorebi<br />

am manZilze aramarto xe<strong>da</strong>ven erTmaneTs, aramed kargad grZnoben<br />

erTimeores, magram komunikaciis procesisaTvis ufro metad<br />

mniSvnelovania piradi sicrce, es zona utoldeba 45-120sm. <strong>da</strong> masSi<br />

xvdeba a<strong>da</strong>mianTa didi nawili. aseT manZilze fizikurad kontaqti<br />

aucilebeli ar aris. es optimaluri manZilia laparakisTvis.<br />

komunikaciur proqsemikaze Catarebulma gamokvlevebma, romlebic<br />

evropis Svid qveyanaSi Catar<strong>da</strong>, gviCvena, rom ingliselebi piradi<br />

urTierTobisas sargebloben didi sivrciT, vidre frangebi <strong>da</strong><br />

italielebi. frangebi <strong>da</strong> italielebi Tavis mxriv sargebloben didi<br />

sivrciT, vidre irlandielebi <strong>da</strong> Sotlandielebi. piradi zonis<br />

56


sazRvrebis ucodinrobam kulturaTSorisi urTierTobisas SesaZloa<br />

migviyvanos konfliqtamde. mag: laTinoamerikelebi Cveulebriv<br />

urTierToben sakuTari zoniT, xolo Crdilo amerikelebi_intimuriT,<br />

amitom pirvelebi meoreebs Tvlian TavSekavebulebad <strong>da</strong> civebad.<br />

socialuri zona aris 1,2 metri<strong>da</strong>n 3,6 metramde manZili. es<br />

distancia gvikavia ucxo a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierTobisas (ofisSi Semosuli<br />

klienti, saremonto samuSaoebis Casatareblad Semosuli teqnikuri<br />

personali <strong>da</strong> a.S.).<br />

mokled, es is manZilia, romelsac vicavT ucnob a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan<br />

urTierTobisas. socialuri zona esazRvreba piraduls <strong>da</strong> masSi, rogorc<br />

wesi, xvdeba formaluri <strong>da</strong> samsaxureobrivi kontaqtebis didi nawili.<br />

masSi xvdeba maswavlebelisa <strong>da</strong> moswavlis, ufrosisa <strong>da</strong> qveSevrdomis<br />

urTierTobac. aq Zalian mniSvnelovania distanciuri urTierTobis<br />

intimuri grZnoba, radganac socialuri zonis <strong>da</strong>rRvevisas Seugneblad<br />

warmoiSoba partnioris uaryofiTi reaqcia <strong>da</strong> fsiqologiuri<br />

diskomforti, romelsac mivyavarT komunikaciis warumateblobamde.<br />

intimuri zona 20-40 santimetrs warmoadgens. am zonas pirovneba<br />

gansakuTrebiT ufrTxildeba <strong>da</strong> icavs; zonis „sazRvrebis ga<strong>da</strong>laxva“<br />

neba<strong>da</strong>rTulia mxolod pirovnebasTan mWidro emociur siaxloveSi myofi<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebisTvis; Tumca am zonaSi arsebobs kidev erTi 15-santimetriani<br />

diametris monakveTi, romelSic SeRweva mxolod fizikuri kontaqtis<br />

meSveobiTaa SesaZlebeli.<br />

piradi zona 40 santimetri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>axloebiT, 1- 2 metramde manZilia.<br />

es aris is distancia, romlis <strong>da</strong>cvac miRebulia oficialur<br />

RonisZiebebze, wveulebebze, megobrebis Sexvedrisas.<br />

sazogadoebrivi zona 3,6 metrze metia. aseTi manZili<br />

mosaxerxebelia a<strong>da</strong>mianebis did jgufTan saubrisas. rogorc wesi,<br />

intimuri zona ori mizeziT irRveva: masSi an Zalian axlobeli a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

aRwevs, an is, visac mtruli ganzraxva amoZravebs. Tuki a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT iolad urigdeba pirad an socialur zonaSi ucxo a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

SemoWras, intimuri zonis ga<strong>da</strong>laxva masSi srul „sabrZolo mzaobas“<br />

iwvevs: guliscema xSirdeba, sisxlSi imatebs adrenalini, romelic<br />

Semdeg Tavis tvinisa <strong>da</strong> kunTebisken miimarTeba. yvelaferi es ki imas<br />

57


niSnavs, rom Tu Cven megobrulad SevexebiT, an movexveviT axlad<br />

gacnobil a<strong>da</strong>mians, es masSi uaryofiT reaqcias gamoiwvevs, Tumca,<br />

garegnulad, SesaZloa, man es arc gamoxatos, amitom Tu gvsurs, rom<br />

sazogadoebaSi yofnisas CvenTan Tavi yvelam komfortulad igrZnos,<br />

un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vicvaT distancia. axal samsaxurSi muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebisas SesaZloa<br />

mogveCvenoT, rom kolegebi civad gvepyrobian. sinamdvileSi, maT,<br />

ubralod, Cven mimarT socialuri zonis distancia ukaviaT; garkveuli<br />

drois Semdeg, rodesac erTmaneTs ukeT gaicnobT, isini ufro „axlos“<br />

migiSveben <strong>da</strong> pirad zonaSi moZraobis uflebas mogcemen. Tumca arsebobs<br />

SemTxvevebi, rodesac a<strong>da</strong>mianis zona misi socialuri mdgomareobiTaa<br />

ganpirobebuli (magaliTad, kompaniis mmarTveli yovelTvis <strong>da</strong>icavs<br />

socialur zonas qveSevrdomebTan urTierTobisas).<br />

Qqronemika droiT sargeblobaa ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis<br />

procesSi. urTierTobisas dro iseve mniSvnelovania, rogorc sityvebi,<br />

Jestikulacia, distancia <strong>da</strong> sxva. drois aRqma sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturaSi<br />

gansxvavebulia. ase magaliTad, saerTo krebebi afrikul soflebSi iwyeba<br />

mxolod mas Semdeg, roca Seikribeba soflis yvela macxovrebeli. Tu<br />

amerikaSi sajaro Sexvedrisas <strong>da</strong>gvianeba saqmisadmi uinteresobis<br />

maCvenebelia, laTino amerikaSi 45 wuTiT <strong>da</strong>gvianeba Cveulebrivi<br />

movlenaa, amitom bizmesmenis Sexvedra aSs-sa <strong>da</strong> laTino amerikaSi<br />

SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>mTavrdes warumateblad, radgan ar gaviTvaliswinebT sxva<br />

kulturisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel drois sargeblobis specifikas.<br />

qronemika agreTve swavlobs moZraobis ritmsa <strong>da</strong> drois angariSs<br />

kulturaSi. ase magaliTad, didi qalaqis quCebSi un<strong>da</strong> viaroT swrafad,<br />

vidre sofelSi. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kultura sargeblobs drois formaluri <strong>da</strong><br />

araformalur saxiT. araformaluri dro ganusazRvrelia ”ramdenime<br />

xanSi”, “mogvianebiT” “dRis meore naxevarSi” <strong>da</strong> a.S. formaluri dro ki<br />

piriqiT, iTvleba Zalian zustad: ”ori saaTisTvis,” “xval 5sT-ze”, <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

kulturaTSorisi komunikaciisaTvis erT-erTi yvelaze xelisSemSleli<br />

faqtoria, rodesac erTi mosaubre operirebs formaluri droiT, xolo<br />

misi oponenti, sxva kulturis warmomadgeneli_araformaluriT. pirveli<br />

midis Sexvedraze dRis ori saaTisTvis, xolo meore_<strong>da</strong>axloebiT dRis<br />

meore naxevarSi.<br />

58


sensorika_warmoadgens ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis erT-erT<br />

elements, <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuls sxva kulturis warmomadgenlebis grZnobiT<br />

aRqmaze. yvela sxva mxareeTan erTad ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba partniorTan yalibdeba a<strong>da</strong>mianis grZnobis organoebis<br />

SegrZnebaze. imis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, Tu rogor vgrZnobT suns, aRviqvamT gemos,<br />

viRebT feradovan <strong>da</strong> xmovan wyobas, vgrZnobT Tanamosaubris sxeulis<br />

siTbos, Cven vamyarebT urTierTobas masTan. a<strong>da</strong>mianis grZnobiTi<br />

organoebis es komunikaciuri funqciebi nebas gvaZlevs CavTvaloT isini<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis nawilad.<br />

gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba urTierTobisas aqvs suns. es<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad sxeulis suni <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis mier gamoyenebuli kosmetikaa.<br />

Cven SeiZleba uari vTqvaT im a<strong>da</strong>mianTan urTierTobaze, Tu CavTvliT,<br />

rom mas specifikuri suni aqvs. igive sirTuleebi warmoCndeba<br />

kulturaTSorisi komunikaciisas, suni, Cveulebrivi erTi kulturisaTvis<br />

sxva kulturisTvis SeiZleba aRmoCndes miuRebeli. ase magaliTad, axali<br />

gvineis maRalmTianeTis mcxovreblebi isufTaveben Tavs talaxiTa <strong>da</strong><br />

Roris qoniT <strong>da</strong> TiTqmis ar banaoben. albaT Zneli warmosadgenia<br />

warmovidginoT, rom saWiroa aseT xalxTan urTierToba.<br />

erovnuli samzareulos Tavisebureba <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

xalxisTvis. tradiciuli samzareulos aromatic, romelsac ucxoelebi<br />

Rebuloben, rogorc Cveulebrivs an miuRebelia mocemuli<br />

kulturisaTvis, SesaZloa iyos sxvisTvis sruliad misaRebi an<br />

Cveulebrivi. ase magaliTad, amerikelebis ojaxSi naxarSis suni, ar<br />

warmoadgens araviTar usiamovno SegrZnebas, magram zogierTi<br />

azielisTvis igi iseve autanelia, rogorc gaxrwnili Tevzis suni. rusebs<br />

ki mouwevT sifrTxiliT gasinjon induri an indoneziuri samzareulo,<br />

isini xom didi raodenobiT iyeneben specialur saneleblebs, induss ki<br />

Cveni samzareulo Zalian umarilo moeCveneba.<br />

yvela sensoruli moqmedeba erTdroulad qmnis ama Tu im kulturis<br />

sensorul suraTs. niSans, romelsac Cvven vaZlevT am kulturas<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia ricxobriv Tanafardobaze, miRebuli <strong>da</strong> miuRebeli<br />

sensoruli SegrZnebisas. Tu miRebuli SegrZneba metia, Cven kulturas<br />

59


vafasebT <strong>da</strong>debiTad, Tu negatiuri Warbobs, ufro ar mogvwons (Лабунская<br />

1986:31).<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturis qcevis Se<strong>da</strong>rebiTma Sepirispirebam saSualeba<br />

mogvca <strong>da</strong>gvedgina, rom sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturis xalxi urTierTobisas<br />

sargeblobs TavianT TanamosaubresTan Sexebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvari saxiT.<br />

Sexebis aseT saxes mecnierebi upirvelesad miakuTvneben xelis<br />

CamorTmevas <strong>da</strong> a.S. rogorc <strong>da</strong>kvirvebebma cxadyo, rom procesma SeiZleba<br />

SeiZinos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvari xasiaTi <strong>da</strong> mimdinareobdes gansxvavebuli<br />

efeqturobiT. Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebuli mecnieruli mimarTuleba,<br />

romelic swavlobs Sexebis mniSvnelobasa <strong>da</strong> rols urTierTobisas,<br />

romelsac ewo<strong>da</strong> “takesiki”.<br />

Sexeba aucilebelia a<strong>da</strong>mianTaTvis, raTa gaZlierdes an Sesustdes<br />

urTierTobis procesi, magram Sexeba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia mTel rig<br />

faqtorebze, romelTa Soris gacilebiT mniSvnelovania kultura, sqesi,<br />

asaki, a<strong>da</strong>mianis statusi <strong>da</strong> pirovnebis tipi. yovel kulturas gaaCnia<br />

Sexebis Taviseburi wesebi, romlebis regulirdeba mocemuli kulturis<br />

tradiciebiTa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>T-wesebiT, ama Tu im sqesis a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

urTierTqmedebiTa <strong>da</strong> kuTvnilebiT. sakmaod xSirad es <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia im<br />

rolze, romelsac TamaSobs Sesabamisi kulturis qali <strong>da</strong> kaci. zogierT<br />

kulturaSi ikrZaleba kacis kacTan Sexeba, magram ar aris SezRuduli<br />

qalis qalTan Sexeba. sxva kulturaSi ikrZaleba qalis mamakacTan Sexeba.<br />

amis Sesabamisad arsebobs distanciuri <strong>da</strong> kontaqturi kulturebi.<br />

kontaqtur kulturas miekuTvnebian laTinoamerikuli, aRmosavluri<br />

kulturebi, aseve arabebi, ebraelebi, xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebis<br />

mcxovreblebi. germanelebi, ingliselebi <strong>da</strong> sxva. anglosaqsonebi<br />

iSviaTad sargebloben Sexebis urTierTobiT. germanelebis, italielebis<br />

<strong>da</strong> Crdiloamerikelebis taqtiluri qcevis gamokvlevebma aCvena, rom<br />

kontaqturi an distanciuri kulturis kuTvnileba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia<br />

agreTve a<strong>da</strong>mianis pirovnebasa <strong>da</strong> mis sqesze. mag: germaniasa <strong>da</strong> amerikaSi<br />

mamakacebi urTierToben did manZilze <strong>da</strong> naklebad exebian erTimeores<br />

italielebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT. maTgan gansxvavebiT italieli mamakacebi<br />

dganan ufro axlos erTimeoresTan <strong>da</strong> exebian erTmaneTs gacilebiT<br />

ufro xSirad, vidre italieli qalebi. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, rogorc aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>,<br />

60


italieli mamakacebi TavianT TanamosaubreebTan urTierToben im<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebebis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT, romlebic <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia<br />

mxolod germaneli <strong>da</strong> amerikeli qalebisTvis.<br />

aziur kulturaSi mxrebze SexebiT aRniSnaven megobrobas, arabul<br />

<strong>da</strong> zogierT aRmosavlur-evropul qveyanaSi, iseve rogorc saqarTveloSi,<br />

megobruli grZnoba gamoixateba Zlieri moxveviT. musulmanebs Soris<br />

moxveva muslimanuri grZnobis gamoxatulebaa, magram taqtilur<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong>Si aris akrZalvebi: aziur kulturaSi, magaliTad, ar<br />

SeiZleba Tanamosaubris TavTan Sexeba, rac miRebulia, rogorc wyena,<br />

amitom aziur kulturaSi maswavleblebi xSirad urtyamen moswavleebs<br />

Tavze <strong>da</strong> isinic amas iReben, rogorc sasjels.<br />

nebismieri Sexvedris <strong>da</strong> urTierTobisas aucilebel atributad<br />

iTvleba xelis CamorTmeva. <strong>komunikacia</strong>Si is SeiZleba iyos Zalian<br />

informaciuli, gansakuTrebiT misi intensivobiTa <strong>da</strong> xangZlivobiT.<br />

Zalian mokle, uxaliso xelis CamorTmeva Zalian mSrali xelebi,<br />

mowmobaa gulgrilobisa. Amis sapirispirod, Zalian xangrZlivi xelis<br />

CamorTmeva <strong>da</strong> zedmetad sveli xelebi migvaniSneben Zlier mRelvarebasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> movaleobis maRal doneze, gagrZelebuli xelis CamorTmeva Tbil<br />

SexedvasTan erTad keTilganwyobis demonstrirebaa.<br />

xelisguli yovelTvis iwvevs CvenSi gulaxdilobis, patiosnebis,<br />

erTgulebisa <strong>da</strong> ndobis asociacias. saukeTeso saSualeba, gaigo,<br />

marTalia Tu ara Sen winaSe mdgomi a<strong>da</strong>miani, mis xelisgulebze<br />

<strong>da</strong>kvirvebaa. rodesac igi mTlianad gulwrfelia, is Tqvenken erT an<br />

orive xelisguls iSvers. gulaxdili saubrisas xelisgulebi mTlianad<br />

an nawilobriv Riaa. isev <strong>da</strong> isev, es sruliad aracnobieri Jestia,<br />

romelic gvkarnaxobs, rom Cveni mosaubre am momentSi srul simarTles<br />

ambobs. rodesac a<strong>da</strong>miani raRacis <strong>da</strong>malvas cdilobs, is xelebs jibeebSi<br />

iwyobs, an gulze ga<strong>da</strong>ijvaredinebs. Catar<strong>da</strong> saintereso kvleva,<br />

romelmac <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>stura, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebis umravlesobas uWirs tyuilis<br />

Tqma, rodesac maTi xelisgulebi Riaa. xelisgulis Jestis sami ZiriTadi<br />

saxeoba arsebobs (Пиз 2006: 80-81). rodesac xelisgulebi mimarTulia<br />

zeviT, rodesac xelisgulebi mimarTulia qveviT <strong>da</strong> gaSverili TiTis<br />

(mimaTiTebeli) Jesti. <strong>da</strong>vuSvaT, Tqven sTxovT a<strong>da</strong>mians mZime yuTis oTaxis<br />

61


erTi kuTxi<strong>da</strong>n meoreSi ga<strong>da</strong>tanas. yvela sxva Tanabar pirobebSi, pirveli<br />

Jesti (anu zeviT aRmarTuli xelisgulebi) aris mimndobi,<br />

keTilganwyobili, Jesti, romelic raime muqaras ar Seicavs. am Jestis<br />

dros a<strong>da</strong>miani ar ganicdis zewolas sxvisi mxri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> sxvaTa naTqvams<br />

aRiqvams, rogorc Txovnas. Tuki Tqveni xelisguli qvemoTaa mimarTuli,<br />

Jesti maSinve mbrZaneblur elfers miiRebs; a<strong>da</strong>mianSi is mtrul<br />

ganwyobas iwvevs <strong>da</strong> Tqveni Txovna, SesaZloa, upasuxo<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>rCes. D<strong>da</strong><br />

bolos, Tu mimarTvis dros Tqveni xeli muSta<strong>da</strong>a Sekruli, xolo<br />

saCvenebeli TiTi gaSvebulia, es niSnavs, rom Tqven aiZulebT a<strong>da</strong>mians,<br />

<strong>da</strong>gemorCiloT. Tu TiTis gaSveriT saubris Cveva gaqvT, SeecadeT,<br />

SecvaloT is Tun<strong>da</strong>c Ria xelisgulebis JestiT <strong>da</strong> Tavad <strong>da</strong>rwmundebiT,<br />

rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierTobisas gacilebiT met warmatebas miaRwevT.<br />

rac Seexeba xelis CamorTmevas, mecnierebi miiCneven, rom igi<br />

pirvelyofili Temuri wyobilebi<strong>da</strong>n iRebs <strong>da</strong>sabams. Ria xelisgulis<br />

CvenebiT pirvelyofili a<strong>da</strong>miani aniSneb<strong>da</strong> meores, rom SeuiaraRebelia.<br />

dResdReobiT, rodesac a<strong>da</strong>mians xels varTmevT, amas misalmebis an<br />

<strong>da</strong>mSvidobebis mizniT vakeTebT. Tumca, aqac arsebobs garkveuli<br />

niuansebi. ganvixiloT xelis CamorTmevis tipebi (dolikaSvili...2008:49)<br />

dominanturi:^xelisguli qvemoT aris mimarTuli. es Jesti ar<br />

iZleva Tanabari partnioruli urTierTobis Camoyalibebis Sansebs. aseTi<br />

Jesti Zalauflebis moyvarul a<strong>da</strong>mians axasiaTebs: igi yovelTvis Tavad<br />

aris xelis CamorTmevis iniciatori <strong>da</strong> am JestiT (qvemoT mimarTuli<br />

xelisguliT) a<strong>da</strong>mianebs imorCilebs.<br />

uemocio, usicocxlo xelis CamorTmeva: Aamerikelebi aseT xelis<br />

CamorTmevas xatovnad “mkv<strong>da</strong>r Tevzs” uwodeben. is a<strong>da</strong>mianis sust <strong>da</strong><br />

unebisyofo xasiaTze mianiSnebs. Tavi aarideT aseT Jests, igi negatiur<br />

asociaciebs iwvevs _ aravis surs, xeli “mkv<strong>da</strong>r Tevzs” mohkidos.<br />

xelis CamorTmevisas mklavis bolomde gaSla: agresiul a<strong>da</strong>mians<br />

axasiaTebs. aseTi Jestis <strong>da</strong>niSnulebaa partniorisgan maqsimaluri<br />

distanciis <strong>da</strong>Wera <strong>da</strong> sakuTari pirovnuli sivrcis “xelSeuxeblobis”<br />

<strong>da</strong>cva. es Jesti xSirad gvxvdeba provinciaSi gazrdil a<strong>da</strong>mianebSi,<br />

radgan maT ufro farTo pirovnuli sivrce axasiaTebT. xelis amgvarad<br />

62


CamorTmevisas a<strong>da</strong>miani maqsimalurad win ixreba <strong>da</strong> SesaZloa cal fexzec<br />

inarCunebdes wonasworobas.<br />

xelis CamorTmeva TiTis wverebiT: sakuTar TavSi <strong>da</strong>urwmunebel<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mians axasiaTebs. aseTi Jestis mizanic partniorTan garkveuli<br />

distanciis SenarCunebaa. aseT Jests xSirad mimarTaven infantiluri<br />

qalebi, romlebsac surT mamakacTan distanciis SenarCunebis xazgasma.<br />

xelis CamorTmevis iniciatori partnioris xels Tavisken eqaCeba.<br />

aseTi a<strong>da</strong>miani Tavs komfortulad <strong>da</strong> mSvi<strong>da</strong>d mxolod sakuTari<br />

pirovnuli sivrcis farglebSi grZnobs <strong>da</strong> am JestiT cdilobs<br />

partnioric am sivrceSi Semoiyvanos.<br />

xelis CamorTmevisas orive xelis gamoyeneba: WeSmarit ndobasa <strong>da</strong><br />

wrfel grZnobebze metyvelebs. miaqcieT yuradReba marcxena xelis<br />

mdgomareobas. marcxena xeli partnioris i<strong>da</strong>yvze ufro meti grZnobis<br />

gamomxatvelia, vidre rodesac is majazea moTavsebuli. amis msgavsad,<br />

marcxena xeli partnioris mxarze ufro Rrma <strong>da</strong> gulwrfel grZnobas<br />

niSnavs, vidre - Tu is wina mxarzea moTavsebuli. saerTod, a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

mxarze an i<strong>da</strong>yvze xelis mokideba mxolod axlo naTesavebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

megobrebSia miRebuli.<br />

xelebis Tavis ukan amodeba: es Jesti axasiaTebs Tav<strong>da</strong>jerebul,<br />

upiratesobis grZnobiT Sepyrobil a<strong>da</strong>mians, an a<strong>da</strong>mians, romelsac<br />

miaCnia, rom yvelaferi icis am qveyanaze. albaT amitomacaa, rom bevri<br />

saSinlad Riziandeba am pozis <strong>da</strong>naxvisas. Tu amavdroulad, a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

fexs fexze debs (oTxianis msgavsad), maSin is, yvelaferTan erTad,<br />

kamaTisa <strong>da</strong> diskusiis moyvarulia. aseT a<strong>da</strong>mians, masTan urTierTobis<br />

gasaTanabreblad SeecadeT, poza SeacvlevinoT. magaliTad, Tu raime<br />

problemaze saubrobT, gaxsnili xelisgulebis gamoyenebiT sTxoveT,<br />

komentari gaakeTos <strong>da</strong> misi naTqvamis mimarT interesi gamoxateT.<br />

SegiZliaT, gaimeoroT misi pozac (rogorc wesi, pozis sarkisebri<br />

asaxva a<strong>da</strong>mianTan <strong>da</strong>Tanxmebas niSnavs).<br />

saCvenebeli TiTis <strong>da</strong>qneva a<strong>da</strong>mianis <strong>da</strong>Zaxebis mizniT - „modi aq“<br />

Jesti. qarTul kulturaSi es yovlad uwyinari Jestia, Tumca, sakmaod<br />

bevr kulturaSi is aRiqmeba, rogorc uzrdeluri, xolo zogan<br />

ucenzuroc ki. axlo aRmosavleTSi, portugaliasa <strong>da</strong> espaneTSi, laTinur<br />

63


amerikaSi, iaponiaSi, indoneziasa <strong>da</strong> hong kongSi a<strong>da</strong>mianis <strong>da</strong>saZaxeblad,<br />

umjobesia, <strong>da</strong>uqnioT mas yvela TiTiT an mTliani xeliT (am dros<br />

xelisguli qvemoT un<strong>da</strong> iyos mimarTuli).<br />

sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianisken saCvenebeli TiTis gaSvera: es Jesti qarTul<br />

realobaSi Tu ubralo uzrdelobad aRiqmeba, sxva mraval kulturaSi<br />

saerTod miuRebelia. axlo <strong>da</strong> Soreuli aRmosavleTis qveynebSi am<br />

miznisTvis iyeneben gaSlil xels, xolo indoneziaSi - cera TiTs.<br />

iaponiaSi Zalian Seuracxmyofelia raime nivTis cali xeliT ga<strong>da</strong>wodeba.<br />

iseTi mcire ramec ki, rogoric fanqaria, aucileblad orive xeliT un<strong>da</strong><br />

miawodoT. aRmosavleTis zogierT sxva qveyanaSi marcxena xeliT<br />

miwodeba <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia, radgan marcxena xeli „uwminduria“. mraval<br />

situaciaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturis warmomadgenelTan kontaqtisas<br />

yalibdeba warmodgena, TiTqos a<strong>da</strong>mianebi arabunebrivad iqcevian. Tu<br />

amerikeli, iseve rogorc qarTveli sakuTar Tavze laparakobs<br />

saCvenebel TiTiT sakuTar mkerdze mianiSnebs, es ki iaponelebs ucnaur<br />

Jestad miaCniaT, maSin roca, aseT SemTxvevasSi isini sakuTar cxvirs<br />

exebian. Cinelebi dResac gaurbian ucnobebTan kontaqts, maTTvis magrad<br />

xelis CamorTmeva iseve miuRebelia, rogorc evropelisTvis mxarze xelis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rtyma, rac niSnavs “janmrTelad iyavi” (Argyle 1991:45).<br />

Aun<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianis xelebi misi meore enaa, Tanac<br />

iersaxesTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT isini cnobier kontrols kidev ufro naklebad<br />

eqvemdebareba, aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, xelebs SeuZlia iseTi informaciis<br />

gamJRavneba, romelTa gamoaSkaraveba SesaZloa mocemul situaciaSi<br />

sasurveli ar iyos. moviyvanoT nawyveti e. yifianis moTxrobi<strong>da</strong>n, roca<br />

levanTan misul radiokomitetis Tavjdomares, kotes ainteresebs Tu<br />

rogor Caiara cnobil msaxiob uCa arTveliZis xmis Caweram, am dros ki<br />

levans firfita <strong>da</strong>zianebuli aqvs, rasac mtkivneulad ganicdis, magram<br />

amis Sesaxeb Tavjdomares arafers eubneba. isini saubroben.D<br />

Kkote: _ Canaweri Tu moismina?<br />

Llevani: _ SevTavaze <strong>da</strong> ise SeSfoT<strong>da</strong>...…ara, arao, xelebi gaasavsava.<br />

Ggaurbis, eSinia, Tqva kotem _ grZnobs rom Zveleburi xma ar aqvs<br />

<strong>da</strong> ar un<strong>da</strong> sabolood <strong>da</strong>rwmundes.<br />

64


Tqven xom ar moismendiT batono kote? _ uecrad wamosc<strong>da</strong> levans<br />

<strong>da</strong> TavSi xelebi itaca; aseT dros Cveulebriv, un<strong>da</strong> SeeTavazebina<br />

TavjdomarisTvis firis mosmena, magram sul aRar gaaaxsen<strong>da</strong>, rom...<br />

(yifiani 2010:264).<br />

anu “TavSi xelebis tacebam” mTlianad gamoamJRavna is informacia,<br />

ris <strong>da</strong>malvasac levani ase sagul<strong>da</strong>gulod cdilob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> semiotikis erT-erT centralur <strong>da</strong>rgs warmoadgens<br />

kinesika. kinesika SegviZlia gavigoT, rogorc mecniereba a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

sxeulisa <strong>da</strong> misi nawilebis enis Seswavlis Sesaxeb. Aara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

komunikaciisa <strong>da</strong> sxeulis enis Seswavlas yovelTvis didi interesi<br />

eTmobo<strong>da</strong> kulturis istoriaSi. gansakuTrebiT xSirad ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong> <strong>da</strong> sxeulis ena mecnierebis iseTi <strong>da</strong>rgebis sakvlev obieqts<br />

warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>, rogoricaa, ritorika, medicina, fsiqologia, pe<strong>da</strong>gogika,<br />

xelovneba <strong>da</strong> fiziognomika. pirveli, vinc sistemuri xasiaTis kvleva<br />

Caatara a<strong>da</strong>mianis sxeulis moZraobis Seswavlis Sesaxeb, jon kasper<br />

lavateri gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. swored man gamoaqveyna statia ”fiziognomikis<br />

Sesaxeb” 1972 wels. pirvelma Caatara detaluri gamokvleva <strong>da</strong> aRwera<br />

erTis mxriv, a<strong>da</strong>mianis saxis gamometyvelebasa <strong>da</strong> sxeulis<br />

konfiguraciebs Soris korelaciuroba <strong>da</strong> meores mxriv, a<strong>da</strong>mianTa tipebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> maTTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani. lavateri a<strong>da</strong>mianis fsiqikur<br />

<strong>da</strong> fizikur niSnebs Soris pir<strong>da</strong>pir kavSirs xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong>. igi gansakuTrebul<br />

yuradRebas uTmob<strong>da</strong> saxis formisa <strong>da</strong> nakvTebis Seswavlas <strong>da</strong> Tvli<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom TiToeuli nakvTi metyveleb<strong>da</strong> pirovnebis xasiaTze, mis sulier <strong>da</strong><br />

fsiqikur mdgomareobaze. niSandoblivia is faqtic, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebi jer<br />

kidev antikuri epoqi<strong>da</strong>n moyolebuli eswrafodnen fiziognomikis<br />

xelovnebis <strong>da</strong>uflebas. isini cdilobdnen fizikuri nakvTebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare SeeswavlaT a<strong>da</strong>mianis xasiaTi, magram aqve aRvniSnavT, rom<br />

Zveli berZnebi a<strong>da</strong>mianis konfiguraciebsa <strong>da</strong> ama Tu im cxovelisa Tu<br />

frinvelis garegan agebulebas Soris avlebdnen paralels, poulobdnen<br />

maT Soris garkveul msgavsebas <strong>da</strong> am monacemebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT<br />

konkretuli pirovnebis xasiaTis identifikacias axdendnen. maT<br />

sjero<strong>da</strong>T, rom a<strong>da</strong>miansa <strong>da</strong> ama Tu im cxovelsa Tu frinvels (romelsac<br />

is waagav<strong>da</strong>), Soris garkveuli Tvisobrivi msgaveba iyo. magaliTad,<br />

65


a<strong>da</strong>miani farTo <strong>da</strong> ovaluri saxiT, mkveTrad gamoxatuli win wamoweuli<br />

nakvTebiT, MmTlianobaSi cxenisebri saxiT loialuri, mamaci <strong>da</strong> mtkice<br />

xasiaTis mqone pirovneba un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo. arwivisebri cxviri<br />

gambe<strong>da</strong>obaze <strong>da</strong> mxneobaze metyveleb<strong>da</strong>, mrgvali pirisaxis mqone a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>jerebul pirovnebad moiazrebo<strong>da</strong>, xSiri, TaRisebri warbebi xazs<br />

usvam<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianSi ga<strong>da</strong>mwyvetunarianobis Tvisebas, grZeli, wawvetebuli<br />

nikapi mbrZanebluri xasiaTis mqone a<strong>da</strong>mianze miuTiTeb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

dResdReobiT, eWvs ar iwvevs is faqti, rom kinesikuri maxasiaTeblebi<br />

Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis ganuyofel <strong>da</strong> arsebiT komponents<br />

Seadgens.<br />

kinesikur maxasiaTeblebSi vgulisxmobT Jestebs, saxis<br />

gamometyvelebas (mimika), sxeulis pozas, moZraobas <strong>da</strong> manerebs.<br />

vizualur efeqtebze saubrisas devid kristali wers, rom<br />

“ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis <strong>da</strong>rgi, kinesika, SeiZleba ramdenime<br />

komponentad <strong>da</strong>vyoT: saxiTi gamometyveleba, kontaqti TvalebiT, Jesti <strong>da</strong><br />

sxeulis moZraoba. TiToeuli maTgani mraval funqcias asrulebs.<br />

sxeulisa <strong>da</strong> saxis moZraobebis meSveobiT SegviZlia individualuri<br />

piris pirovnuloba <strong>da</strong> misi emociuri mdgomareoba avxsnaT. magaliTad,<br />

saxes SeuZlia mravalgvari emocia gadmogvces: SiSi, bedniereba,<br />

sixaruli, sev<strong>da</strong>, gaoceba, interesi, brazi, siZulvili <strong>da</strong> mravali sxva.<br />

Tumca maT umravlesobas universaluri xasiaTi ar aqvs, rac imas niSnavs,<br />

rom maT gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobebi aqvT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturisa <strong>da</strong><br />

qveynis enaSi” (Crystal 1987:402).<br />

magaliTad, Tu qarTul, rusul, inglisur <strong>da</strong> sxva enebSi Tavis<br />

<strong>da</strong>qneva <strong>da</strong>sturis niSania, bulgarul, berZnul <strong>da</strong> indur enebSi igi<br />

uaryofas an uaris Tqmas niSnavs; an kidev, Soreuli aRmosavleTis<br />

qveynebSi komunikaciis dros komunikantTa Tav<strong>da</strong>xrili <strong>da</strong><br />

Tvaleba<strong>da</strong>Svebuli mdgomareoba urTierTpatisviscemis niSania, maSin<br />

roca amerikelebisaTvis iseve rogorc qarTvelebisTvis pir<strong>da</strong>piri<br />

kontaqti TvalebiT sakmaod miRebuli formaa, <strong>da</strong> ufro metic, Tuki<br />

urTierTobis procesSi komunikantebi erTmaneTs ar uyureben TvalebSi,<br />

es SeiZleba gaxdes mizezi undoblobisa <strong>da</strong> garkveuli diskomfortic<br />

66


mohyves Sedegad komunikaciuri procesis monawileTa Soris. N<br />

ganvixiloT nawyveti moTxrobi<strong>da</strong>n “mwvane far<strong>da</strong>”<br />

_ eCveneba, rom aRaraferi SeuZlia... rogorc ki rames gaakeTebs,<br />

hgonia, mTeli sasicocxlo Zala <strong>da</strong>xarja <strong>da</strong> wveba, SeSdeba... marto Tavis<br />

mimarT rom iyos eWviani, raRac eSvelebo<strong>da</strong> magram sul TvalebSi rom<br />

Semogcqeris? xom ar matyuebeno, xom ar <strong>da</strong>mciniano... (yifiani 2010: 263).<br />

yvelaze mniSvnelovani sakomunikacio saSualeba saxis<br />

gamometyvelebaa. is umniSvnelovanesia emociebis ga<strong>da</strong>sacemad. saxis<br />

gamometyvelebaSi Sedis Rimili, TvalebiT kontaqti, mimikebi, emociebis<br />

gamoxatvis mxriv, a<strong>da</strong>mianis sxeulis yvelaze “maRalganviTarebuli”<br />

nawili misi saxea (Scollon... 1983:79).<br />

zogierTi a<strong>da</strong>mianisTvis imdenad Cveulia esa Tu is emocia, rom misi<br />

saxis kunTebi erTgvarad afiqsirebs am emocias. albaT, bevrjer<br />

SexvedrixarT a<strong>da</strong>mianebs, romelTa saxis gamometyvelebiT advilad<br />

xvdebodiT maT xasiaTs: wuwunaa Tu pretenziuli, mudmivad ukmayofilo<br />

Tu, piriqiT, keTilganwyobili <strong>da</strong> gulwrfeli. es imitom xdeba, rom<br />

rodesac romelime konkretuli emociis (magaliTad, ukmayofilebis)<br />

Sesabamisi mimika xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi <strong>da</strong> xSir-xSirad Cndeba<br />

romelime a<strong>da</strong>mianis saxeze, is kunTebi, romlebic am mimikaSi<br />

monawileobs, hipertrofirdeba (zedmetad viTardeba <strong>da</strong> izrdeba); amdenad,<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis saxis formac icvleba <strong>da</strong> igi qronikulad “atarebs”<br />

ukmayofilebis gamometyvelebas.<br />

gavixsenoT nawyveti ,,didostatis marjveni<strong>da</strong>n”, sa<strong>da</strong>c mwerali<br />

Zalian kargad aRwers ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebiT zviad spasalaris xasiaTs<br />

<strong>da</strong> bunebas.<br />

selze <strong>da</strong>j<strong>da</strong> pirbanjgvliani, moRuSuli mxe<strong>da</strong>rTmTavari;<br />

warbSeyrili <strong>da</strong> moRuSuli ij<strong>da</strong> zviad spasalari; spasalari yovelgvar<br />

enamzeobas moklebuli iyo, ubralo saubaric Zlier uWir<strong>da</strong> bunebiT<br />

mdumares. Llaparakis dros saxe eRrijebo<strong>da</strong>, cxviris nestoebi eberebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

muStebs iSvelieb<strong>da</strong> uneblieT TiTqos eqadnebao; zviadma miaStera Tavis<br />

didroni, moRuSuli Tvalebi; marad moRuSuli, Seyrili warbebi;<br />

spasalaris SavadSeyrili warbebi.<br />

67


aRa Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, gar<strong>da</strong> aseTi „qronikulisa“, arsebobs kidev Zalian<br />

bevri ufro xanmokle, zogjer ki, wamieri gamometyveleba, romelic<br />

xSirad pirovnebis survilisgan <strong>da</strong>moukideblad gaielvebs mis saxeze<br />

(Cafiqreba, gaoceba, sev<strong>da</strong>, TavSekaveba, seqsualuri interesi, <strong>da</strong>bneuloba,<br />

SiSi, SfoTva, muqara <strong>da</strong> a.S.).<br />

mimika a<strong>da</strong>mianis saxis gamometyvelebis Secvlas warmoadgens,<br />

romelic saubris dros xdeba. igi ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis umTavresi<br />

elementia. partnioris saxe nebsiT Tu uneblieT Cvens yuradRebas iwvevs,<br />

radganac misi saxis gamometyveleba saSualebas gvaZlevs gavigoT esmis<br />

Tu ara partniors Cveni, swored saxis gamometyvelebiT, masze<br />

<strong>da</strong>kvirvebiT SeiZleba a<strong>da</strong>mianis WeSmariti zraxvebis amocnoba.<br />

saanalizod kvlav moviyvanoT nawyveti ,,didostatis marjveni<strong>da</strong>n“, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

Zalian kargad aris gadmocemuli <strong>da</strong> aRwerili a<strong>da</strong>minTa saxis<br />

gamometyveleba, maTi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebi, personaJebis xasiaTebi<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebiT imdenad kargad aris gadmocemuli, rom <strong>da</strong>matebiT<br />

verbalur Setyobinebas is ar saWiroebs.<br />

kibis xarixaze fexi Sedga zviadma Tu ara, ezosmoZRvarma kvlav<br />

gamohyo talani<strong>da</strong>n Tavi.<br />

mobrZandiT, zviad batono, _ Semoegeba RimiliT stumars, marad<br />

moRuSuli, Seyrili warbebi arc ki gauxsnia zviads, ise miugdo „mwuxri<br />

mSvidobisa“ xucess <strong>da</strong> Ria karSi Seaswro anaz<strong>da</strong>d.<br />

sawoli <strong>da</strong>rbazis kari Ria iyo. Sig Sesvlamdis Tvali mohkra<br />

zviadma melqisedekis gafiTrebul saxes, uzarmazar baliSze mTlad<br />

<strong>da</strong>leuls.<br />

zviads iseTi <strong>da</strong>fanCvuli warbebi <strong>da</strong> grZeli wamwamebi hqon<strong>da</strong>,<br />

mZinare egonebo<strong>da</strong> ucxos. Mmiuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, gaumxelel zraxvaTa<br />

Secnobis didostatic iyo zviad spasalari.<br />

roca misalmebani <strong>da</strong> urTierT mokiTxva moTav<strong>da</strong>, erTbaSad didi<br />

uxerxuloba Seicno zviadma, amaod eZeb<strong>da</strong> kaTalikosTan gasaubrebis<br />

sagans, magram igi ar aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> anaz<strong>da</strong>d.<br />

ezosmoZRvari fexze idga, pirSi Sescicineb<strong>da</strong> spasalars, Tavisi<br />

rCxia, cercvisferi TvalebiT eubnebo<strong>da</strong> TiTqos: sTqvi barem, risTvis<br />

mosulxar? sul erTia, uTqmela<strong>da</strong>c yovelive vicio.<br />

68


gaciebuli kameCiviT qSinav<strong>da</strong> Savwvera goliaTi mamai stefanoz,<br />

asrutuneb<strong>da</strong> bukiviT msxvilsa <strong>da</strong> meWeWian cxvirs, waramara xels isvam<strong>da</strong><br />

fafuk Ripamdis miRweul wverze.<br />

Zlivs afaxuleb<strong>da</strong> didron Tvalebs wvergaburZgvnili mitropoliti<br />

raJdeni, TriaqiT mTvrals miugav<strong>da</strong> saxe, pirmokumuli ij<strong>da</strong> Txawvera<br />

moxuci beri gaioz, cxvirmokle <strong>da</strong> yukveTili moxuci.<br />

kaTalikosma wamuyo <strong>da</strong> ezosmoZRvari ciyviviT <strong>da</strong>yunc<strong>da</strong> selis<br />

skamze. Mmis gamoxedvaSi cnaurdebo<strong>da</strong> is veluri sifxizle, mindvris<br />

virTxas rom etyoba xolme, velis pirad axladgamosuls soro<strong>da</strong>n<br />

(gamsaxurdia 1979:137-138).<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis saxe xom Zalian plastikuria <strong>da</strong> SeuZlia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvanairi<br />

gamometyveleba miiRos. iTvleba, rom saxis gamometyvelebaSi 55<br />

komponenti monawileobs (Пиз 2006:10). yvelaze kargad gamokvleulia<br />

Rimili. ase Cven SegviZlia gadmovceT sixaruli saCuqris miRebisas,<br />

Tumca a<strong>da</strong>mianuri emociebis gamovlenis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formas specifikuri<br />

xasiaTi aqvT, magaliTad: sicili yvela <strong>da</strong>savlur qveyanaSi asocirdeba<br />

sixarulTan <strong>da</strong> xumrobasTan, iaponiaSi, sicili morcxvobisa <strong>da</strong><br />

aramdgradobis niSania, amitom zogjer gaugebrobas vawydebiT, roca<br />

evropeli brazdeba, xolo iaponeli partniori morcxvad iRimis. Tu<br />

evropelma ar icis iaponuri kulturis es Tavisebureba, igi ganrisxdeba,<br />

radganac ifiqrebs, rom mas <strong>da</strong>scinian.<br />

rogorc wesi, a<strong>da</strong>mianebi met_naklebad cdiloben gaakontrolon<br />

saxis gamometyveleba (mimika), magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom<br />

paralelurad mimdinare mravali ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> signali<strong>da</strong>n a<strong>da</strong>mians<br />

SeuZlia erTdroulad mxolod ori an sami akontrolos, saTanado<br />

codnisa <strong>da</strong> gamocdilebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia im grZnobebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

miswrafebebis amocnoba, romelTa <strong>da</strong>malvasac ase cdilobs Tqveni<br />

mosaubre.<br />

moviyvanoT magaliTi d. Sengelaias romani<strong>da</strong>n „baTa qeqia“:<br />

<strong>da</strong>neliam Tvali Segvaswo, mixv<strong>da</strong>, ra cecxlic gv<strong>da</strong>gav<strong>da</strong> orives,<br />

magram ara <strong>da</strong>umCnevia ra. wverze orTav xeli isev Tarsulad Camoisva <strong>da</strong><br />

Subli kuStad rom Seikra, Sevatyve, bunebaSi TavisTvis gaiangariSa<br />

69


ukuRmarTi ram, mivxvdi, rom isev gamyi<strong>da</strong>, magram mis asaval-<strong>da</strong>savals ras<br />

mivxvdebodi, ambavi isev gavnagrZe (Sengelaia 2010:104).<br />

an kidev: rusikos avxede, idga <strong>da</strong> gamWoli, momlodine mzeriT<br />

miyureb<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong>Zabuloba mxolod mokumul tuCebze etyobo<strong>da</strong> (SataiZe<br />

2010:114).<br />

saqmiani molaparakebebis dros saxis gamometyvelebis sakmaod<br />

farTo diapazonze SegviZlia <strong>da</strong>kvirveba. mis erT-erT poluszea a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

_agresiulad <strong>da</strong> xistad ganwyobili _ romlisTvisac molaparakebebze<br />

raRacis <strong>da</strong>Tmoba sikvdilis tolfasia. aseTi a<strong>da</strong>miani, rogorc wesi,<br />

pir<strong>da</strong>pir TvalebSi giyurebT, misi Tvalebi farTod gaxelili, tuCebi _<br />

mokumuli, warbebi ki SeWmuxnilia; saubrisas is cris sityvebs, radgan<br />

tuCebs TiTqmis ar amoZravebs. speqtris meore boloSia kargi manerebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> bavSvuri gamoxedvis mqone, Sublgaxsnili <strong>da</strong> odnav moRimari,<br />

kontaqturi a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelic, savaraudod, fiqrobs, rom TanamSromloba<br />

dinamikuri <strong>da</strong> moqnili procesia. a<strong>da</strong>mianis emociebis siwrfeleze mimikis<br />

simetriuloba metyvelebs; rac ufro metia siyalbe <strong>da</strong> sicrue, miT ufro<br />

gansxvavdeba saxis marcxena <strong>da</strong> marjvena naxevrebis mimika. saerTod,<br />

nebismieri gamometyveleba saxeze sakmaod xanmoklea <strong>da</strong> xSirad<br />

SeumCneveli rCeba. misi <strong>da</strong>Werisa <strong>da</strong> amocnobisTvis specialuri varjiSi<br />

<strong>da</strong> praqtikaa saWiro. amasTan, <strong>da</strong>debiTi emociebi (sixaruli, bedniereba)<br />

yovelTvis ufro iolad amocnobadia, vidre uaryofiTi (sircxvili,<br />

<strong>da</strong>mwuxreba, zizRi). gansakuTrebiT gamomxatveli <strong>da</strong> advilad misaxvedria<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis tuCebis moZraoba. bevrma icis, rom tuCebis mokvneta<br />

mousvenrobasa <strong>da</strong> SfoTvaze metyvelebs, xolo cal mxares moRrecili<br />

piri skeptikuri ganwyobis an <strong>da</strong>cinvis niSania.<br />

Mmimikis palitraSi gamomxatvelia ara mxolod tuCebi, aramed<br />

warbebic, Aamitom rodesac gvsurs gavigoT Tanamosaubris mdgomareoba,<br />

aucilebelia maTze yuradRebis mipyroba.<br />

Tanamosaubris mdgomareobis safuZvels Seadgens saxis reaqciis<br />

eqvsi sistema, romlebic konkretulad gamoxataven gakvirvebas, SiSs,<br />

mrisxanebas, zizRs, sixarulsa <strong>da</strong> mwuxarebas (aminovi 2009: 132). Mmokled<br />

gavecnoT TiToeul maTgans.<br />

70


Ggakvirveba _ es aris momentaluri reaqcia. igi yovelTvis<br />

myisierad aRmocendeba. Tu aris dro imis gasaazreblad, ramac SeiZleba<br />

gakvirveba gamoiwvios, gakvirveba saxeze ar fiqsirdeba.Ggakvirveba-<br />

gaocebis stimulebia: obieqtis garegnoba, xma, suni, raimesTan Sexeba,<br />

Setyobineba <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

Ggakvirvebis reaqciis ZiriTadi gamoxatulebebia: warbebi zeviTaa<br />

aweuli, Sublze aris farTo naoWebi; Tvalebi farTod, modunebula<strong>da</strong>a<br />

gaxelili, feradi garsis zemoT Cans TeTri sklera; Sesabamisad, piri<br />

gaRebulia, un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom es kontrolirebadi reaqciebia. isini<br />

SeiZleba a<strong>da</strong>mianma Seikavos, magram miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, rogorc wesi, mainc<br />

gamovlindeba.<br />

SiSi aris emocia, romelic aRmocendeba a<strong>da</strong>mianisaTvis<br />

gansakuTrebiT saSiSi raimes Wvretisas. Mmisi mizezi SeiZleba iyos<br />

fizikuri tkivilis, raime arasasiamovno movlenis molodini, romelTa<br />

Tavis aridebac am a<strong>da</strong>mians ar SeuZlia.<br />

SiSis reaqciis ZiriTadi gamovlinebebia: aweuli, <strong>da</strong>Wimuli <strong>da</strong><br />

mokrunCxuli warbebi, mokle naoWebi Sublze; gaxelili Tvalebis zemoT<br />

71


Cans TeTri skela, qve<strong>da</strong> quTuTo Zalze <strong>da</strong>Wimulia, tuCebi gaxsnilia,<br />

Zlierad <strong>da</strong>Wimuli <strong>da</strong> ukan gaweuli. SiSis gamoxatva gakvirvebis<br />

gamoxatvisagan gansxvavdeba oTxi momentiT:<br />

Ggakvirvebis reaqciiis dros naoWebi gadis mTel Sublze,<br />

SiSis reaqciis dros ki isini moklea <strong>da</strong> koncentrirdeba cxviris<br />

fuZesTan;<br />

Ggaxelili Tvalebi <strong>da</strong>Zabulia;<br />

gaRebuli piri uformod <strong>da</strong>maxinjebulia, tuCebi <strong>da</strong>Zabuli;<br />

gakvirveba wamieri reaqciaa, SiSi ki _ ufro xangZlivi.<br />

zogjer SiSis emocia SeiZleba Seerwyas gakvirvebas. esExdeba im<br />

SemTxvevaSi, roca mkveTri movlenebi moulodnelia <strong>da</strong> warmoiqmneba<br />

momentalurad.<br />

ama Tu im emociis TanmimdevrobaSi pirvelobis <strong>da</strong> mdgradobis<br />

mixedviT SeiZleba msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli Warbob<strong>da</strong>: SiSi Tu<br />

gakvirveba.<br />

mrisxaneba (sibraze) _ warmoadgens fsiqikuri aSlilobis, fizikuri<br />

muqaris an vinmesadmi fsiqologiuri an fizikuri zianis miyenebis<br />

gamsazRvris Sedegs.Mmrisxanebisas a<strong>da</strong>mians uwevs sisxlis wneva, ris<br />

Sedegad uwiTldeba saxe, safeTqlebze _ yelze ebereba venebi, uxSirdeba<br />

sunTqva, eWimeba kunTebi.<br />

mrisxanebis ZiriTadi gamovlinebebia: warbebis SeWSmuxvna, maT<br />

Soris warmoiqmneba vertikaluri nakecebi, warbebis gare kideebi aweulia,<br />

Sublze ar aris horizontaluri naoWebi, Tvalebi moWutulia, tuCebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>Zabulad mokumuli, zogjer saxis <strong>da</strong>manWvisas SiSvldeba kbilebi.<br />

mrisxanebis (sibrazis) makontrolebeli reaqciebi praqtikaSi<br />

vlindeba ori saxiT. Mmrisxanebis pirveli saxesxvaobis gamovlenisas mis<br />

indikators warmoadgens mxolod warbebi, saxe ki rCeba neitraluri. amas<br />

SeiZleba adgili hqondes, roca Tanamosaubre:<br />

ganicdis msubuq gaRizianebas;<br />

wyvets raime rTul, amouxsnel problemas;<br />

yuradRebis koncentrirebas axdens raimeze;<br />

kritikulad afasebs sityvebs, saqmeebs, qcevebs;<br />

72


cdilobs garSemomyofTa winaSe <strong>da</strong>malos Tavisi gabrazeba.<br />

mrisxanebis meore saxesxvaobis gamovlinebas gvamcnobs:<br />

warbebi <strong>da</strong> quTuToebi;<br />

piri <strong>da</strong> quTuToebi.<br />

es xdeba maSin, rodesac a<strong>da</strong>miani ismens raime Zalian grZel,<br />

ganmeorebebiT savse, uintereso cnobebs.<br />

zizRi warmoadgens reaqcias gemos, xmis, sunis, Sexebis SegrZnebaze.<br />

Bbunebrivia, aseTi obieqtis zemoqmedeba <strong>da</strong> masze reaqciis gamovlineba<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia <strong>da</strong>mkvirveblis kulturaze <strong>da</strong> situaciaze, romelSic is<br />

imyofeba. zizRis ZiriTadi gamovlinebebia: Camoweuli warbebi; Sublze<br />

naoWebis ararseboba, <strong>da</strong>xuruli, TiTqmis mTlad <strong>da</strong>xuWuli Tvalebi,<br />

piris kuTxeebi Camoweuli. zogjer zizRis Zlieri xarisxisas piri<br />

gaRebulia, cxviri_ <strong>da</strong>naoWebuli. a<strong>da</strong>mianebisadmi zizRi, Cveulebriv,<br />

gamovlindeba siZulvilSi.<br />

sixaruli ganicdeba, rogorc sasiamovno, aRmgznebi, ganwyobis<br />

amamaRlebeli, raime arasasiamovnos an saSiSis Semamsubuqebeli SegrZneba.<br />

zogierT SemTxvevaSi igi SeiZleba Seerwyas gakvirvebas, am dros, rogorc<br />

wesi, gakvirvebis reaqcia fiqsirdeba mxolod wamierad. Zalian xSirad<br />

sixarulis eqspresiebiT iniRbeba brazi <strong>da</strong> SiSi. sixarulis reaqciis<br />

ZiriTadi gamovlinebebia: warbebi <strong>da</strong> Subli TiTqmis ar monawileoben<br />

eqspresiis formirebaSi; Tvalebi xSirad viwrovdeba <strong>da</strong> brwyinavs,<br />

tuCebis kuTxeebi am dros zeviT iwevs, piri iWimeba RimilSi.<br />

Mmwuxareba (naRveli) yvelaze xSirad gamowveulia raime <strong>da</strong>nakargiT.<br />

igi saxeze fiqsirdeba ramdenime wuTi<strong>da</strong>n ramdenime dRemde. Aam emocias<br />

gaaCnia sakmaod farTo diapazoni _ <strong>da</strong>rdis mdgomareobi<strong>da</strong>n mwuxarebamde<br />

<strong>da</strong> tanjvamde. Mmwuxarebis reaqciis piradi gamovlinebebia: warbebi<br />

erTa<strong>da</strong>a miweuli, gare <strong>da</strong>boloebebi Camoweulia, warbebis Soris Cndeba<br />

mcire vertikaluri nakecebi; Sublis centrSi mokle naoWebia; Tvalebi<br />

cotaTi gaorebulia <strong>da</strong> qve<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong> quTuToebs Soris iqmneba<br />

samkuTxedis formis nakeci, piris kuTxeebi qvemoTaaa Camoweuli.<br />

rogorc wesi, emociebi aRmocendeba raime gamRizianebelze. amasTan,<br />

emociis gamosaxatavad mimikuri moZraobis arsenali erTi <strong>da</strong> igivea: SiSi<br />

iwvevs saxis <strong>da</strong>Zabvas, sixaruli _ modunebas <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

73


v. v kuprianovis azriT, emociis garegani gamoxatuleba, rogorc<br />

wesi, gadis Tavis stadiebs <strong>da</strong> gaaCnia Tavisi Sesakrebebi: <strong>da</strong>rdi<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>iqmneba sev<strong>da</strong>d, sev<strong>da</strong> _ naRvelad, naRveli _ Rrma mwuxarebad,<br />

namdvil tanjvad. emociis gazr<strong>da</strong> yovelTvis iwvevs mimikis gaZlierebas.<br />

aseTi Tanmimdevroba advilad SeiZleba SevamCnioT saxeze tirilis<br />

ganviTarebis <strong>da</strong>sawyisi<strong>da</strong>n isteriul moTqmamde, an Rimilis ga<strong>da</strong>svlisas<br />

homerul sicilamde (Куприянов 1988:45).<br />

calke saubris Temaa a<strong>da</strong>mianis Rimili. zoga<strong>da</strong>d, Rimiliani saxe<br />

megobrul ganwyobasa <strong>da</strong> mowonebis survils gamoxatavs, Tumca, Rimils<br />

SesaZloa bevri sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva motivi edos safuZvlad:<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebuli Rimilianoba_ mowonebis moTxovnilebaze metyvelebs;<br />

moRrecili Rimili _ Sekavebuli nerviulobis niSania;<br />

Rimili aweuli warbebiT _ <strong>da</strong>morCilebis mzaobas gamoxatavs;<br />

Rimili <strong>da</strong>weuli warbebiT _ upiratesobas aRniSnavs;<br />

Rimili qve<strong>da</strong> quTuToebis awevis gareSe _ aragulwrfelobis<br />

maniSnebelia;<br />

Rimili, romelsac Tan sdevs Tvalebis mudmivi gafarToeba<br />

(<strong>da</strong>xuWvis gareSe) muqaris maniSnebelia. (Scollon 1994: 79)<br />

igive iTqmis TvalebiT kontaqtze, Zalian mniSvnelovania TvaliT<br />

kontaqtis SenarCuneba; mag: momxsenebels, romelic WerSi iyureba, iataks<br />

misCerebia, an mxolod erT a<strong>da</strong>mians uyurebs, Zalian gauWirdeba<br />

msmenelis yuradRebis miqceva <strong>da</strong> maTi <strong>da</strong>intereseba. TvaliT kontaqtiT<br />

momxsenebels zustad SeuZlia ukukavSiris miReba.<br />

TvalebiT kontaqtis Sesaxeb mravaltomeulis <strong>da</strong>wera SeiZleba.<br />

mecxramete saukunis espaneli qali TvalebiT <strong>da</strong> maraos moZraobiT<br />

axerxeb<strong>da</strong> iseTi tipis informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemas, romlis saxalxod<br />

gamoTqma sxvagvarad ver moxerxdebo<strong>da</strong>. indieli qalebi TavianT cekvaSi<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis mTel arsenals iyeneben, <strong>da</strong>wyebuli<br />

Jestebi<strong>da</strong>n, <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli sxeulis moZraobiT.<br />

TvalebiT SesaZlebelia sxva ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> qcevis modificireba.<br />

magaliTad, metros eskalatorze an sxva xalxmraval adgilas Tvalis<br />

74


aridebis meSveobiT SesaZlebeli xdeba pirovnuli sivrcis simciris<br />

kompensireba.<br />

Zalian xSirad gvesmis fraza: TvalebSi amovikiTxeo. Eempiriuli<br />

masalis safuZvelze gamovavlineT, rom qarTul kulturaSi TvalebiT<br />

kontaqts udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba, gavixsenoT Tun<strong>da</strong>c qarTuli<br />

mxatvruli filmi “garigeba”, sa<strong>da</strong>c mito Semdeg sadRegrZelos ambobs:<br />

SemofeTebisa iyos, im Tvalebis SemofeTebisa, TqmiT rom arafers ambobs,<br />

magram wamiT maradiulobas gagrZnobinebs. qarTvelisaTvis Tvalebi metad<br />

sarwmuno iaraRia imis amosacnobad, simarTles ambobs Tu ara<br />

Tanamosaubre.<br />

maspinZlis yuradRebiT waqezebuli me ambavs isev gatacebiT<br />

ganvagrZnobdi <strong>da</strong> Tan vxe<strong>da</strong>vdi, Tvalyurs vadevnebdi, rogor ganicdi<strong>da</strong><br />

sidu Cems faTerakebs <strong>da</strong> rogor sjero<strong>da</strong> alali guliT yvelaferi<br />

(Sengelaia 2010:103).<br />

Ffsiqologi stepanovi miiCnevs, rom Tvalebis meSveobiT a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

urTierTobis yvelaze ufro zusti <strong>da</strong> Ria signalebi gadmoicema, radgan<br />

Tvalis guga absoluturad <strong>da</strong>moukideblad iqceva <strong>da</strong> misi kontrolireba<br />

SeuZlebelia. rodesac a<strong>da</strong>miani araa gulwrfeli, an raRacas malavs, misi<br />

Tvalebi Tqvensas urTierTobis mTliani drois mxolod 30%-is<br />

ganmavlobaSi xvdeba (Степанов 1998: 67).<br />

Tu a<strong>da</strong>miani TqvenTan urTierTobis dros TvalebiT kontaqts<br />

xangrZlivad inarCunebs <strong>da</strong> misi gugebi gafarToebulia, es niSnavs, rom<br />

Tqven mas moswonxarT. TvalebiT pirvel kontaqts gansakuTrebuli<br />

mniSvneloba eniWeba saqmian urTierTobebSic. pirveli Sexvedris <strong>da</strong><br />

misalmebis dros partniorebi, rogorc wesi, aucileblad uyureben<br />

erTmaneTs TvalebSi, radgan a<strong>da</strong>mianis mier meore a<strong>da</strong>mianis cnobieri<br />

aRqma mxolod uSualo mxedvelobiTi kontaqtis meSveobiT xdeba. Tu<br />

gamoxedvis amgvari ritualuri gacvla ar gamovi<strong>da</strong>, mosaubre Tavs<br />

ignorirebulad <strong>da</strong> Seuracxyofilad CaTvlis („man saTanado yuradReba<br />

ar momaqcia“). saqmiani urTierTobebis, magaliTad, molaparakebebis dros,<br />

mniSvneloba aqvs imasac, Tu saiT aris mimarTuli Tqveni an Tqveni<br />

partnioris mzera.<br />

75


Mmimikis naTeli indikatoria warbebi, piri, cxviri gansakuTrebiT _<br />

Tvalebi; Aamitomaa a<strong>da</strong>manis gamoxedva ase mravalferovani. Kk.<br />

gamsaxurdias “didostatis marjvenaSi” aRwerili aqvs gamoxedvis tipebi,<br />

romelic a<strong>da</strong>mianis emociur mdgomareobas asaxavs, magaliTisTvis:<br />

xmaliviT Seageba mzera; jiqur Sexe<strong>da</strong>; irmisferi Tvalebis yalbi<br />

cimcimi. Tvali hki<strong>da</strong> SefarviT; esrola mzera; SefarviT mzera; qoruli<br />

mzera; <strong>da</strong>Zabuli mzeris simZafre; momnusxveli mzera; <strong>da</strong>Jinebuli mzera;<br />

Tvali TvalSi gauyara; gamomcdeli Semoxedva; idumal Wvreta;<br />

gaocebuli Sescqero<strong>da</strong>; Tvali ar gaumarTavs; ze<strong>da</strong>c ar Seuxe<strong>da</strong>vs;<br />

boroti mzera; naRvlianad gahxe<strong>da</strong>..<br />

Mara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis, sxeulisa <strong>da</strong> Jestebis mkvlevari<br />

a.piziGgTavazobT gamoxedvis (mzeris) Semdeg kategoriebs (Пиз 2006:181-182).<br />

saqmiani mzera: saqmiani molaparakebebis warmoebisas warmoidgineT,<br />

rom Tqveni mosaubris Sublze samkuTxedia gamosaxuli. am samkuTxedze<br />

mzeris mimarTviT Tqven seriozul atmosferos SeqmniT <strong>da</strong> mosaubres<br />

agrZnobinebT, rom saqmianad xarT ganwyobili;<br />

socialuri mzera: rodesac Tqveni mzera mosaubris Tvalebis<br />

donesTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT ufro <strong>da</strong>bla eSveba, socialuri urTierTobis<br />

atmosfero iqmneba. kvlevebma aCvena, rom socialuri urTierTobis dros<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi isev <strong>da</strong> isev pirobiT samkuTxeds umzeren, oRond, am<br />

SemTxvevaSi, es samkuTxedi Tvalebisa <strong>da</strong> piris arezea moTavsebuli;<br />

intimuri mzera: mzera mimarTulia ara mosaubris Tvalebze an<br />

saxeze, aramed, saxis qvemoT _ kisris an mkerdis areze. aseTi mzeriT<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani gamoxatavs am konkretuli urTierTobis mimarT ufro met<br />

interess, vidre ubralod saqmians.<br />

cerad gamoxedva: interesis an mtruli ganwyobis gamosaxatavad<br />

gamoiyeneba. Tu mas Tan erTvis odnav aweuli warbebi an Rimili - es<br />

<strong>da</strong>interesebaa. Tu warbebi <strong>da</strong>Svebulia, xolo Subli moRuSuli _ es ukve<br />

eWvian, mtrul an kritikul <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaze metyvelebs.<br />

<strong>da</strong>Svebuli quTuToebi: es qvecnobieri signalia. a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelic<br />

<strong>da</strong>Svebuli quTuToebi<strong>da</strong>n giyurebT, cdilobs, TvalTaxedvis ari<strong>da</strong>n<br />

mogiSoroT. Mmizezi SesaZloa mravali iyos: Tqven mas an mobezrdiT, an<br />

aRar ainteresebT, an cdilobs, sakuTari upiratesoba gagrZnobinoT.<br />

76


upiratesobis xazgasmis SemTxvevaSi, <strong>da</strong>Svebul quTuToebs Tan axlavs<br />

ukan ga<strong>da</strong>weuli Tavi <strong>da</strong> xangrZlivi, e.w. “qedmaRluri” mzera. aseTi<br />

mzeris SeniSvnisas gaiTvaliswineT, rom Tqveni qceva uaryofiT reaqcias<br />

iwvevs <strong>da</strong> Tu molaparakebebis warmatebiT <strong>da</strong>sruleba gsurT, umjobesia,<br />

raRac SecvaloT. Tanamedrove <strong>da</strong>savlur bizneskulturaSi fasobs<br />

zomieri kontaqti TvalebiT, xolo Tvalis arideba urTierTobis<br />

survilis uqonlobad ganixileba, Tumca is mosazrebac, TiTqos, saqmiani<br />

Sexvedris dros rac metad <strong>da</strong>amyarebT TvalebiT kontaqts, miT ukeTesia<br />

_ u<strong>da</strong>vod ga<strong>da</strong>metebuli <strong>da</strong> mc<strong>da</strong>ria. warmoidgineT, rom a<strong>da</strong>miani movi<strong>da</strong><br />

TqvenTan gamocxadebul vakansiasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, Tqven misgan intervius<br />

iRebT, is ki mogCerebiaT <strong>da</strong> Tvals ar gaSorebT. umetesoba iolad itans<br />

xanmokle, ramdenime wamian kontaqts TvalebiT, magram misi gagrZelebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi iZabebian, radgan varaudoben, rom aseTi<br />

<strong>da</strong>Jinebuli mzeris miRma kidev raRac (magaliTad, arSiyobis mcdeloba)<br />

imaleba.<br />

amrigad, mxedvelobiTi kontaqti SeiZleba iyos xangrZlivi<br />

(magaliTad, ori Seyvarebulis erTmaneTisken mimarTuli mzera) an<br />

elviseburi (rodesac mzeras wamierad vesvriT a<strong>da</strong>mians, romelsac<br />

aSkarad ar surs Cveni yuradReba) is SeiZleba iyos pir<strong>da</strong>piri (aSkara,<br />

uceremonio, mouridebeli SeTvaliereba). ganvixiloT nawyveti<br />

,,didostatis marjveni<strong>da</strong>n”:<br />

Sorena awi veRar gaxdeba sxvisi, radgan Wiaberi aRaraa amqveynad,<br />

xolo irmis jogi? irmis jogi... vnaxoT, ra moxdeba amaRam,- es gaifiqra<br />

mefe giorgim <strong>da</strong> jiqur Sexe<strong>da</strong> kolonkeliZis Taflisfer Tvalebs. Aam<br />

wuTSi veraviTari mzakvroba ver <strong>da</strong>iWira am TvalebSi.<br />

Mmefe SefarviT umzer<strong>da</strong> mis gverdiT mj<strong>da</strong>r Sorenas <strong>da</strong> mamakacis<br />

qorulma mzeram es SeniSna: iseT mijnamdis miweuliyo mgloviare sasZlo,<br />

rocaa qaloba sZlevs xolme glovas <strong>da</strong> diacuri sikekluce Tavis<br />

mSvenebis gamosaCenad moirgebs simZimilis niSnad satareb samossac.<br />

(gamsaxurdia 1979:69).<br />

Azerele mxedvelobiTi kontaqti SeiZleba aseve SeiZleba iyos<br />

perioduli (mzeris msgavsi, romelsac mivapyrobT Tanamosaubres, raTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>vrwmundeT, rom is yurs gvigdebs) an <strong>da</strong>Jinebuli (mouwyveteli).<br />

77


Uumetes SemTxvevaSi xSiri an xangrZlivi mzera iwvevs usiamovno<br />

SegrZnebebs. <strong>da</strong>Jinebuli <strong>da</strong>Tvaliereba, Cveulebriv, aRiqmeba, rogorc<br />

ukulturobis gamovlineba. uwyveti mzera utyuari xerxia a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

provocirebisa <strong>da</strong> misi sulieri wonasworobi<strong>da</strong>n gamoyvanisa.<br />

Ggamomxatvel mzeraTa Soris aris universalurebic, romlebic<br />

mTels msoflioSi (an TiTqmis yvelgan) erTmniSvnelovnad aRiqmeba:<br />

Zalze farTod gaxelili, “<strong>da</strong>Wyetili” Tvalebi, Cveulebriv,<br />

aRiqmeba rogorc maqsimaluri informaciis miRebisaken aracnobieri<br />

swrafva, raTa ar gamoeparos wvrilmanebic ki;<br />

TvalebmoWutuli mzera _ aRniSnavs <strong>da</strong>Jinebul yuradRebas,<br />

<strong>da</strong>kvirvebas, raime qcevis ganxorcielebis mzaobas. Ggar<strong>da</strong> amisa,<br />

Tanamosaubris TvalebmoWutul mzeras, Cveulebriv, afaseben,<br />

rogorc arakeTilmosurnes;<br />

<strong>da</strong>xuWuli Tvalebi _ es aris Tavis Tavisken yuradRebis mipyroba,<br />

gulmodgine fiqri, tkboba, Tvalebis xanmokle droiT <strong>da</strong>xuWva<br />

SeiZleba aRniSnavdes Tanxmobis, gagebis gaucnobierebel<br />

gamoxatvas;<br />

mxolod erTi Tvalis moxuWva, Tvalis Cakvra _ aris sxvasTan<br />

saidumlo Tanxmobis niSani, koketuroba;<br />

gaZlierebuli <strong>da</strong> araTanabari xamxami (Tvalis kvra, paWuni)<br />

gamoxatavs sirTules, nevrozulobas;<br />

gugebis Seviwroeba an gafarToeba mowmobs interesis gaZlierebas<br />

an Sesustebas. AaRgznebis, SiSis, dros guga farTovdeba,<br />

modunebisas _ viwrovdeba;<br />

pir<strong>da</strong>piri mzera <strong>da</strong> partniorisadmi mTlianad mobrunebuli saxe<br />

gamoxatavs Tanamosaubris aRiarebas, mis<strong>da</strong>mi interess;<br />

usasrulobisken, partnioris ‘miRma” mimarTuli mzera aRniSnavs<br />

Tanamosaubrisadmi uinteresobas, xazs usvams upativcemulobas.<br />

aseT mzeras ufro Zlierad gamohyavs a<strong>da</strong>miani wonasworobi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />

SeiZleba gamoiwvios sapasuxo agresiuli reaqcia.<br />

mxris zemoT iribad mzera _ esec aris upativcemuloba,<br />

ugulebelyofa an sifrTxile, <strong>da</strong>kvirveba;<br />

78


mzera zevi<strong>da</strong>n qveviT – aRmatebuloba, siamaye, ugulebelyofa;<br />

Tvalebis saxasiaTo triali _ vinmesTvis farulad ga<strong>da</strong>cemuli<br />

Setyobineba, rom situacia gausaZlisad mosawyenia;<br />

fiqsirebuli, myari, pir<strong>da</strong>piri gamoxedva moWutuli (gamWoli)<br />

TvalebiT fasdeba, rogorc undoblobaze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli kritikuli<br />

Semowmeba an rogorc mouridebloba <strong>da</strong> agresiuloba;<br />

arasakmarisi mxedvelobiTi kontaqti mowmobs uyuradRebobas,<br />

pativiscemis gamoxatvis survilis uqonlobas. Ees aRiqmeba rogorc<br />

misi upatiosno Canafiqris mowmoba an gaube<strong>da</strong>obis gamovlineba;<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani sxvis<strong>da</strong>mi did mxedvelobiT yuradRebas gamoxatavs Semdeg<br />

viTarebebSi: roca saubari atarebs TavSesaqcev xasiaTs <strong>da</strong> ar<br />

moicavs problemur sakiTxebs; roca misTvis sainteresoa<br />

Tanamosaubre, misi Sexeduleba <strong>da</strong> reaqciebi; roca<br />

Tanamosaubrisadmi ganwyobilia simpatiiTa <strong>da</strong> ganicdis ufro Rrma<br />

grZnobas; roca is cdilobs Tanamosaubreze dominirebas an<br />

gavlenis moxdenas; <strong>da</strong> bolos, roca a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia sxvaze,<br />

mas ki aranairi gamovlineba ar surs.<br />

un<strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT mxedvelobiTi kontaqtis eTnikuri<br />

Taviseburebebi, rac did rols asrulebs urTierTobaSi. zog qveyanaSi<br />

akrZalulia a<strong>da</strong>mianis aSkaraYTvaliereba. keniaSi, magaliTad,<br />

SemorCenilia Cveuleba, romlis Tanaxmad siZe <strong>da</strong> sidedri elaparakebian<br />

erTmaneTs mxolod zurgSeqceviT. aRiniSneba gansxvaveba qalebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

mamakacebs Soris: TanamosaubrisaTvis TvalebSi cqeris unari<br />

mamakacebTan naklebad aris ganviTarebuli, vidre qalebSi, romlebic<br />

Tanabar pirobebSi ufro xangrZlivad ar acileben Tvals Tanamosaubres.<br />

Jesti aris gansakuTrebuli sistema signalebisa, romlebic<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>icema xelebis, fexebis, Tavis, sxeulis moZraobis saSualebiT.<br />

metyvelebis Tanmxlebi Jesti xSirad aris mosaubris Tavisuflebis<br />

maCvenebeli. igi xazs usvams saubris Zal<strong>da</strong>utaneblobas, aZlierebs<br />

sityvebis <strong>da</strong>majereblobas <strong>da</strong> mWevrmetyvelebas, amoklebs verbalur<br />

teqsts, Seaqvs ra dialogSi esa Tu is <strong>da</strong>matebiTi azrebi. D<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli<br />

replikis saxiT, an verbalur gamonaTqvamSi CarTviT, Jesti moipovebs<br />

umdidres informaciul <strong>da</strong> eqspresiul resursebs. sruliad cxadia, rom<br />

79


sxeulebrivi enis sxva elementebis msgavsad, Jestebi ufro efeqturia<br />

emociis gamoxatvisas. agreTve un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom Jestebi aris a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

TviTgamoxatvis naTeli saSualeba, misi imijis mniSvnelovani nawili.<br />

CvenTvis, upirveles yovlisa, sainteresoa is Jestebi, romlebic<br />

yvelaze metad gavrcelebuli, sazogadod gasagebi <strong>da</strong> tipobrivia.<br />

mxedvelobaSi un<strong>da</strong> miviRoT, rom Jestebisa <strong>da</strong> mimikuri moZraobebis<br />

sistemiT agebulia Taviseburi frazeologia, romelsac uwodeben<br />

“somatur gamoTqmebs” (soma – berZnulad “sxeuli) (aminovi, eriaSvili<br />

2009: 141).<br />

Mmxatvruli nawarmoebis kiTxvisas mudmivad vxvdebiT personaJTa<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciebis avtoriseul aRweras. magaliTad: ,mefem<br />

selze <strong>da</strong>jdoma aniSna TvaliT; Tavi aiRo giorgim, jiqurad Sexe<strong>da</strong><br />

spasalaris Savad Seyril warbebs <strong>da</strong> ugunebobis mizezi hkiTxa; bolos<br />

amisa, saxis gamometyvelebiT, an xmis niriT gamoarkvev<strong>da</strong> mefe, Tu ra<br />

wili edo Tavad mamamzes am saqmeSi; mamamzes miwisferma ga<strong>da</strong>kra<br />

(igulisxmeba SekrTa, ar moelo<strong>da</strong>); Wiaberma ar gabedos kolonkeliZis<br />

qalis, Sorenas SerTva (esa Tqva <strong>da</strong> muSti <strong>da</strong>arakuna tablaze mefem), (anu<br />

<strong>da</strong>emuqra); vai Cems Tavs! _ sTqva mamamzem, Sublze Semoikra xeli, _ (Cven<br />

vxvdebiT, rom gaigo, ipova, gaixsena) (,,didostatis konstantines<br />

marjvena”)<br />

saanalizod aviRoT nawyvetebi cnobili amerikeli mwerlis stiven<br />

kingis moTxrobi<strong>da</strong>n “<strong>da</strong> bua movi<strong>da</strong>...… mis <strong>da</strong>naxvaze fexebi mikankalebs<br />

(igulisxmeba – SiSi); bilingsma mxrebi aiCeCa (gaikvirva, pasuxi ar<br />

qon<strong>da</strong>); Serlic buam imsxverpla. – bilingsma mkerdze TiTebi aaTamaSa<br />

(nerviulobis maCvenebelia); bilingsma <strong>da</strong>iflukuna (igulisxmeba atir<strong>da</strong>).<br />

iaponeli mwerlis edogava rampos moTxrobebi<strong>da</strong>n fukias tanSi<br />

gacra – igulisxmeba anerviul<strong>da</strong>; aketimac gulmxuraled upasuxa <strong>da</strong><br />

xelisguli ga<strong>da</strong>isva Tmaze _ Sekavebuli mRelvarebis niSania; saxes<br />

oflis msxvili wveTebi ufarav<strong>da</strong> _ (mRelvarebis, nerviulobisas). aketi<br />

mZafri cnobismoyvareobiT akvirdebo<strong>da</strong> fukias saxes, is axamxameb<strong>da</strong><br />

Tvalebs (igulisxmeba <strong>da</strong>bneuloba).<br />

Jestebsa <strong>da</strong> mis funqciebze saubrisas, g. kreidlini wers, rom<br />

”sakomunikacio aqtis dros Jestebis roli mravalferovania: maT<br />

80


SeuZliaT gaimeoron an dublireba gaukeTon sametyvelo informaciis<br />

aqtualur nawils. magaliTad, TiTiT, TvalebiTa <strong>da</strong> TaviT miniSneba – is<br />

Jestebia, romlebic Tan axlavs deiqsikur nacvalsaxelebs komunikaciis<br />

procesSi (Крейдлин 2002:183).<br />

JestebiT a<strong>da</strong>miani axdens sxva <strong>da</strong>narCenTan erTad, Tavisi<br />

gulwrfelobis, Tav<strong>da</strong>cvis ganzraxvis, moqmedebisadmi mzadyofnis,<br />

agreTve <strong>da</strong>rwmunebis, Tu gulgatexilobis, ndobis, nevrozulobis,<br />

mimReblobis, molodinis, urTierTobis xasiaTis <strong>da</strong> urwmunobis<br />

demonstrirebas. a<strong>da</strong>miani mimarTavs Jestikulacias maSinac ki, rodesac<br />

mas veravis xe<strong>da</strong>vs, magaliTad, telefonze laparakisas, an magnitofonTan<br />

muSaobisas.<br />

Jestebsa <strong>da</strong> kinesikur qcevebs SeuZliaT gamonaTqvamis sapirispiro<br />

azri ganaviTaros. magaliTad, subieqti, romelic irwmuneba, rom ar<br />

Relavs, Tumca amavdroulad TiTebs imtvrevs <strong>da</strong> oTaxSi<br />

mousvenrad <strong>da</strong>dis;<br />

Jestebs SeuZliaT Caanacvlon gamonaTqvami. magaliTad, Tavis<br />

<strong>da</strong>qneva Tanxmobis niSnad <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

Jests SeuZlia xazi gausvas an gaaZlieros metyvelebis<br />

komponentebi. magaliTad, roca gamonaTqvams- ,, ai aseTi didi” Tan<br />

axlavs xelebis farTod gaSla.<br />

Jestebs SeuZliaT Seavson <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>azuston informacia;<br />

Jestebs SeuZliaT regulatoris rolis Sesruleba komunikaciis<br />

dros...” (Крейдлин 2002:173-174).<br />

araverbalur semiotikaSi Jestebis semiotikuri klasebis<br />

gamoyofisas kreidlini aRniSnavs, rom ,,JestebSi sami semiotikuri klasis<br />

gamoyofa aris SesaZlebeli:<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli leqsikuri mniSvnelobis mqone Jestebi, romlebic<br />

verbalur konteqstze <strong>da</strong>uqvemdebareblad gadmogvcemen azrs;<br />

komunikaciis sametyvelo an sxva saxis fragmentebis gamomyofi<br />

Jestebi;<br />

komunikaciuri procesis warmarTveli Jestebi”.<br />

81


kreidlini iqve acxadebs, rom am Jestebs devid efronma Semdegi<br />

saxelebi uwo<strong>da</strong>: pirveli saxis Jestebs emblemebi <strong>da</strong>arqva, meore saxis<br />

Jestebs ilustratorebi <strong>da</strong> mesame saxisas – regulatorebi. rogorc<br />

kreidlini wers, emblemebis umravlesoba avtonomiuri xasiaTisaa<br />

<strong>da</strong> sakomunikacio aqtis dros izolirebulad funqcionireben. rac<br />

Seexeba ilustratorebs, maT <strong>verbaluri</strong> konteqstisagan <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />

azris gadmocema ar ZaluZT <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad, konteqstisagan<br />

izolirebulad ver moqmedeben. ilustratorebi es is Jestebia, romlebic<br />

sakomunikacio aqtis dros metyvelebas uweven akompaniments.<br />

regulatorebi ki dialogis process aregulireben, anu maT komunikaciis<br />

procesis maregulirebeli funqcia akisria.<br />

Jestebi SeiZleba iyos martivi (Sedgenili erTi moZraobisagan<br />

magaliTad: auditoriaSi xelis aweva gamoxatavs sityvis warmoTqmis<br />

survils), Sedgenili (ramdenime erTgvarovani moZraoba, magaliTad:<br />

aplodismenti) <strong>da</strong> rTuli (ramdenime araerTgvarovani moZraoba – marcxena<br />

mxares ga<strong>da</strong>furTxeba).<br />

Jestebi SesaZloa iyos instinqturi mag: oficiantis <strong>da</strong>Zaxebisas<br />

Tavis <strong>da</strong>qneva. mibaZviTia Jestebi, roca erTi a<strong>da</strong>miani meores hbaZavs.<br />

gamafrTxilebelia SuqniSani <strong>da</strong> Sablonebi; instruqciuli Jestebia<br />

nimuSia policielis mier gzis mimarTulebis Cveneba, an kidev<br />

esTetikurad <strong>da</strong>xvewili Jestebi _ moZraobebi cekvisas, an sufrasTan.<br />

Mmiuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturis xalxi Jestebs<br />

gansxvavebulad aRiqvams, zogierTi gamonaklisis gar<strong>da</strong>, arsebobs<br />

yvelasaTvis msgavsi Jestebic, saxeldobr:<br />

Kkomunikaciuri Jestebi _ misalmeba, <strong>da</strong>mSvidobeba, yuradRebis<br />

miqceva, akrZalva, <strong>da</strong>rwmuneba, uari, Tanxmoba <strong>da</strong> sxva;<br />

Sefasebisa <strong>da</strong> urTierTobis Jestebi -mowoneba, <strong>da</strong>ukmayofilebloba,<br />

ndoba, undobloba, <strong>da</strong>bneuloba, <strong>da</strong> sxva (jolia 2006: 100). arseboben<br />

agreTve mikroJestebi: Tvalebis moZraoba, loyebis gawiTleba, wuTis<br />

ganmavlobaSi wamwamebis xamxamis raodenobis gazr<strong>da</strong>, tuCebis pranWva <strong>da</strong><br />

sxv.<br />

j. midma gamoyo qmedebis ori tipi: umniSvnelo Jestebi, romelic<br />

warmoadgens avtomatur refleqss, rogoricaa Tvalis Cakvra, <strong>da</strong><br />

82


mniSvnelobis Jesti, roca a<strong>da</strong>mianebi avtomaturad ar reagireben gare<br />

qmedebebze. isini amoicnoben qcevis mniSvnelobas sanam masze pasuxs<br />

gascemen, es rTuli procesia, magram igi vlindeba sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan<br />

TiTqmis yvela urTierTqmedebebSi. Cven aseT qcevebs amovicnobT, radgan<br />

bavSvobi<strong>da</strong>n gvaswavlian, rom mniSvneloba un<strong>da</strong> mivaniWoT sagnebs,<br />

qmedebebs <strong>da</strong> movlenebs. roca Cven mniSvnelobas vaniWebT raimes, igi<br />

xdeba simbolo an cneba. qmedeba an sagani aris simbolo sxva cnebisa,<br />

qmedebisa <strong>da</strong> sagnisa.A gamowvdili xeli aris misalmebis, mu<strong>da</strong>ris, an<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmis simbolo. Mmas Semdeg rac Jestebs mivaniWebT mniSvnelobas,<br />

Cven SegviZlia masze reagireba (Jesti imdenad mniSvnelovania verbalur<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong>Si ramdena<strong>da</strong>c mas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba <strong>da</strong> xSirad<br />

iyeneben metyvelebisas) (gvencaZe 1986:29).<br />

urTierTobis dros xSirad warmoiqmnebian Semdegi saxis Jestebi:<br />

Sefasebis Jestebi _ nikapis mofxana, saCvenebeli TiTis gaSvera<br />

loyis gasvriv, fexze adgoma <strong>da</strong> bolTas cema <strong>da</strong> sxva (a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

avsebs informacias.<br />

<strong>da</strong>rwmunebulobis Jestebi _ piramidis gumbaTismsgavsad TiTebis<br />

SeerTeba, skamze qanaoba;<br />

TviTkontrolis jestebi _ xelebi zurgs ukan, am dros erTxels<br />

uWiravsmeore; skamis sazurgeze xelebiT Cafrenili a<strong>da</strong>mianis poza<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxva;<br />

keTilganwyobis Jestebi _ mkerdze xelebis <strong>da</strong>deba,<br />

TanamosaubresTan impulsuri Sexeba <strong>da</strong> sxva;<br />

aragulwrfeli Jestebi _ “pirze xelis <strong>da</strong>fareba”, “cxvirTan<br />

Sexeba”, Tanamosaubresagan korpusiT Semotrialeba, “Tvalebis<br />

ceceba” <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />

uaryofis Jestebi _ mkerdze <strong>da</strong>krefili xelebi, ukan ga<strong>da</strong>weuli<br />

korpusi, cxviris wverTan Sexeba, ga<strong>da</strong>jvaredinebuli xelebi <strong>da</strong><br />

sxva;<br />

dominanturi Jestebi _ pirze xelis afareba,cxvirTan Sexeba,<br />

Tanamosaubresagan korpusiT Semotrialeba, Tvalebis ceceba <strong>da</strong><br />

sxva;<br />

83


nervozulobisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>urwmuneblobis Jestebi _ ga<strong>da</strong>fskvnili<br />

TiTebi, xelisgulebis Cqmeta, magi<strong>da</strong>ze TiTebis kakuni, skamis<br />

sazurgesTan Sexeba, masze <strong>da</strong>jdomis win <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />

aseve arsebobs sicruis gamomxatveli Jestebi. sicruis<br />

drosa<strong>da</strong>mianebi xSirad xelebs jibeebSi iwyoben aracnobierad, ase<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani informaciis <strong>da</strong>malvas crdilobs. Ppirze xelis afarebac<br />

aracnobieri moqmedebaa, aseve tyuils aRniSnavs yurze xelis mosma, am<br />

dros, TiTqos sakuTar Tavs yurs uwevs, rom is ar Tqvas, ris Tqmasac<br />

apirebs. Nnikapze xelis mokidebac tyuilis niSania, roca a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

cruobs pir<strong>da</strong>pir ver iyurebaa, cdilobs Tvalebi <strong>da</strong>xaros. Aa<strong>da</strong>mians<br />

tyuili <strong>da</strong> pozis xSiri cvla mRelvarebis niSania, am dros mas raRacis<br />

<strong>da</strong>malva surs, erT adgilze ver isvenebs. matyuara yovelTvis <strong>da</strong>Zabulia<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xurul pozaSi dgeba, fexebi SeiZleba ramdenjerme hqondes<br />

erTmaneTze Semotarebuli, xelebi _ gulze ga<strong>da</strong>jvaredinebuli,<br />

xelisgulebi ki _ Sig Camaluli. sicruis Tqmisas xel-fexi <strong>da</strong>Wimulia.<br />

roca pir<strong>da</strong>pir saubrisas vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, rom Cveni Tanamosaubre<br />

gulxel<strong>da</strong>krefilia, SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT, rom raRacas Cvens<br />

naTqvamSi igi ar eTanxmeba, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom sityvier Tanxmobas<br />

gvicxadebs. sanam a<strong>da</strong>mians gulze xelebi aqvs <strong>da</strong>krefili, is inarCunebs<br />

uaryofiT ganwyobas. saubris dros saxeze Sexeba, gansakuTrebiT cxvirze,<br />

sicruis farTod aRiarebuli gamoxatulebaa. Aaseve, pirze xelis<br />

afarebis dros, mosaubre yvelaze xSirad tyuis. Tuki a<strong>da</strong>mians sagnebi<br />

sxeulis pir<strong>da</strong>pir uWiravs, magaliTad, xelCanTa, yavis finjani, e.i.<br />

morcxvi <strong>da</strong> TavSekavebulia, anu rCeba STabeWdileba, rom imaleba. Tu<br />

mosaubrem saubrisas nikapi moisrisa, fiqrobs, ra gipasuxoT.<br />

analogiuria saTvalis gasworeba: respodenti tyuilis Tqmas apirebs,<br />

magram iwyebs fiqrs, rogor Tqvas is <strong>da</strong>majereblad. Rimili mxolod<br />

tuCebis <strong>da</strong> piris areSi _ xelovnuri Rimili tyuilis niSania, fexis<br />

fexze ga<strong>da</strong>deba informaciis <strong>da</strong>malvas niSnavs.<br />

sakomunikacio aqti komunikaciis minimalur erTeuls warmoadgens,<br />

romelic SeiZleba warimarTos rogorc lingvisturi saSualebebis<br />

gamoyenebiT, ise JestikulaciiT, sxeulis moZraobiT, saxis<br />

gamometyvelebiT <strong>da</strong> sxva (Горелов 1980:89-90).<br />

84


es imas niSnavs, rom sakomunikacio procesSi Cven viyenebT aramarto<br />

sityvebs anu verbalur niSnebs, aramed sxeulis pozas, Jestebs, saxis<br />

gamometyvelebas, Tvalebis moZraobas <strong>da</strong> a.S. yvela es niSani, <strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

Tu ara<strong>verbaluri</strong>, mWidrod aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli erTmaneTTan <strong>da</strong> isini<br />

udides rols TamaSoben komunikaciuri procesis warmarTvaSi. maTi<br />

saSualebiT SesaZlebeli xdeba informaciis Sevseba, <strong>da</strong>zusteba,<br />

Canacvleba <strong>da</strong> gansazRvra komunikaciis procesSi. imisaTvis rom<br />

subieqtma Tavisi komunikaciuri intencia gamoxatos, man jer un<strong>da</strong><br />

SearCios sasurveli <strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebi, anu un<strong>da</strong> moaxdinos saWiro<br />

sityvaTa seleqcia, Semdeg un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitos rogori intonaciiT<br />

warmoTqvas gamonaTqvami, saxis rogori gamometyveleba miiRos<br />

sametyvelo qmedebis dros <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

amdenad, <strong>komunikacia</strong> SeiZleba warimarTos rogorc verbalurad, ise<br />

araverbalura<strong>da</strong>c. sakomunikacio procesis dros, informaciis umetesi<br />

nawili ga<strong>da</strong>icema im SemTxvevaSi, Tu verbalur anu sityvier gamonaTqvams<br />

Tan axlavs Sesabamisi ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> maxasiaTeblebi. Mmetyvelebis<br />

Tanmxleb araverbalur niSnebs SegviZlia ”paralingvizmebi” vuwodoT.<br />

paralingvizmebze saubrisas T. gamyreliZe aRniSnavs: “sametyvelo<br />

komunikaciis ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebebi – e.w. paralingvizmebi – uSualo<br />

an telekomunikaciis aucilebeli Tanmxlebi komponentebia; isini avseben<br />

<strong>da</strong> azusteben <strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebebiT ga<strong>da</strong>cemul informacias <strong>da</strong>,<br />

amdenad, xels uwyoben komunikaciis process” (gamyreliZe 2003:448).<br />

paralingvisturi niSnebi udides rols asrulebs azrisa <strong>da</strong><br />

grZnobebis nairferovnebis gamosaxatavad. mivediT <strong>da</strong>skvnamde, rom<br />

swored maTi saSualebiT xdeba SesaZlebeli <strong>da</strong>vafiqsiroT gamonaTqvamis<br />

aqtualuri mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong> swori interpretacia gavukeToT mas.<br />

moviyvanoT magaliTi “mister faning, _ viRacam i<strong>da</strong>yvze Seaxo xeli. jer<br />

kidev maTi TavxedobiT brazmoreuli faningi Setrial<strong>da</strong>. saxeze iseTi<br />

simkacre asaxvo<strong>da</strong>, rom axalgazr<strong>da</strong> qalma, romelic mieaxla, uneblieT<br />

<strong>da</strong>ixia. _ oh, bodiSs vixdi, Tqva enis borZikiT <strong>da</strong> saxe, romelic TiTqos<br />

sagangebod ganaTebo<strong>da</strong> swored iseTi kadnierebiT, romelsac faningi es-<br />

es iyos wyevli<strong>da</strong>, Seucbun<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> TviTonac bavSviviT <strong>da</strong>ibna, sisxli<br />

mtivneulad auCqrol<strong>da</strong> loyebze. _ oh, ra sisulelea, _ fiqrob<strong>da</strong> is, _<br />

85


a sulelur mdgomareobaSi Caigdo Tavi! Ees idioturi gawiTleba!<br />

magram is ise Semotrial<strong>da</strong> misken, TiTqos cemas upirebso... Tumca es ar<br />

iyo gawiTlebisTvis gamarTleba, <strong>da</strong> bodiSsac ise ixdi<strong>da</strong>, TiTqos jer<br />

kidev skolis moswavle iyo, is ki _ mis haSi. idioti! Man gulSi Tavis<br />

Tavs SeuZaxa <strong>da</strong> mSvenier Sedegsac miaRwia. jer kidev alisfer saxeze<br />

uzrunveli Rimili aisaxa, suli moiTqva. _ bodiSs vixdi, _ iseTi xmiT<br />

gaimeora, ubralo <strong>da</strong> ironiul bodiSs rom niSnav<strong>da</strong>, magram rasac Tan<br />

axl<strong>da</strong> (oh, idioti, idioti!) nerviuli TrTola. _ vwuxvar, rom myudroeba<br />

<strong>da</strong>girRvieT, magram ise mindo<strong>da</strong> Tqveni gacnoba... Tqven rom CamiareT...<br />

haqslii 2011:14). <strong>da</strong>vakvirdeT im kinesikur paralingvizms, romelic Tan<br />

axlavs adresatis gamonaTqvams. dialogis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSive kargad Cans, rom<br />

personaJis verbalur Setobinebas ar emTxveva paralingisturi<br />

maxasiaTeblebi, “enis borZikiT”, saxe Seucbun<strong>da</strong>”, “sisxli auCqrol<strong>da</strong><br />

loyebze”, “nerviuli TrTola”. yovelive es naTeli <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebaa<br />

mRelvarebisa. zemoT moyvanili magaliTis safuZvelze SegviZlia<br />

<strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom paralingvisturi maxasiaTeblebis roli Zalze didia<br />

<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis dros <strong>da</strong> maT gareSe warmoudgenelia kidec<br />

sakomunikacio aqtis efeqturad warmarTva.<br />

enaTmecnierebaSi Cveulebriv gamoyofen fonaciur (“sametyvelo”)<br />

<strong>da</strong> kinesikur (“moZraobiT”) paralingvizmebs. fonaciur paralingvizmebad<br />

miCneulia metyvelebis iseTi maxasiaTeblebi, rogoric aris, magaliTad,<br />

xmis tembri, intensivoba, metyvelebis tempi <strong>da</strong> sxva. Aaqve un<strong>da</strong> aRvniSnoT,<br />

rom fonaciuri paralingvisturi komponenetebi metyvelebis Tanmxlebi<br />

elementebi ki ar aris, aramed misi Semadgeneli <strong>da</strong> ganuyofeli<br />

maxasiaTeblebia. swored maTi saSualebiT xorcieldeba TiToeuli<br />

sametyvelo aqti. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom fonaciuri paralingvizmebis<br />

umravlesobas universaluri xasiaTi ar aqvs yvela enisaTvis.<br />

araverbalur maxasiaTeblebSi vgulisxmobT prosodiul <strong>da</strong><br />

paralingvistur niSnebs. metyvelebis procesSi SesaZlebelia gamoiyos<br />

romelime sityva ukeT warmosaCinad, rac am sityvis gaZlierebul an xma<br />

maRal warmoTqmaSi gamoixateba. MmagaliTad, intonaciis meSveobiT<br />

SesaZlebelia imis gansazRvra, ras gamoxatavs mTqmeli: Txrobas, kiTxvas,<br />

86


Zaxils, gakvirvebas, aRtacebas, sasowarkveTilebas, gajavrebas, alerss<br />

<strong>da</strong> a.S. ufro metic, TiToeuli maTganis gamosaxatavad SesaZlebelia<br />

mravalgvari saSualeba gamoiyenebodes. aviRoT nawyveti “didostatis<br />

marjveni<strong>da</strong>n” swored amiT idrova spasalarma <strong>da</strong> xelisguli Camoisva<br />

nikapze, mRelvareba Zlivs <strong>da</strong>ioka. spasalari yovelgvar enamzeobas<br />

moklebuli iyo, ubralo saubaric Zlier uWir<strong>da</strong> bunebiT mdumares.<br />

laparakis dros saxe eRrijebo<strong>da</strong>, cxviris nestoebi eberebo<strong>da</strong>, muStebs<br />

iSvelieb<strong>da</strong> uneblieT, TiTqos eqadnebao vismes, waramara sityvas eZeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

mRelvarebis dros wina<strong>da</strong>debas umateb<strong>da</strong> “ara”-s. “Tu basili keisari<br />

marTlac uzenaesi mamaa sruliad saqristianosi, rogorc weRan brZane,<br />

unetareso, rad awamebina man savsebiT ubralod beri zaqaria?... igi xom<br />

Cvens mier wargzavnili mstovari ara yofila?! ara?Aarc Tu wiTeli<br />

waRebi gaugzavnia misi meSveobiT komninisTvis mefe goirgis. ierusalims<br />

midio<strong>da</strong> Turme beri zaqaria sulis sacxovneblad, ara?... (gamsaxurdia<br />

1979:141). sityva “ara” gulisxmobs, rom spasalari xmis tonis gaZlierebiT<br />

“ga<strong>da</strong>dis ieriSze” <strong>da</strong> kaTalikosis pasuxs arc ki elodeba. xmis tonis<br />

aweviT spasalari Tavis gamonaTqvams ufro metad <strong>da</strong>majerebels,<br />

emociursa <strong>da</strong> efeqturs xdis. vagrZelebT nawyvets: kaTalikosi saxtad<br />

<strong>da</strong>rCa amis gamgone, melqisedeki aimRvra, RawvisTavebi SeuwiTl<strong>da</strong>,<br />

mxolod es Seageba spasalars: zaqaria beri marTlmorwmune rodia,<br />

somexia igi. somexio? _ iqednurad gaiRima zviadma (gamsaxurdia 1979:143).<br />

sityva “somexiao”? spasalari gakvirvebas gamoxatavs, rasac Tan sdevs<br />

ironiuli Rimili. rogorc fonaciuri, ise kinesikuri paralingvizmebis<br />

gavlena gamonaTqvamze am konkretul magaliTSi Zalze didia. swored<br />

maTi saSualebiT eZleva gamonaTqvams emociuri, efeqturi <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>majerebeli toni.<br />

gamonaTqvami SesaZlebelia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva intonaciiT warmoiTqvas imis<br />

mixedviT, vis movuTxrobT (umcross Tu ufross, dids Tu pataras,<br />

Sinaurs Tu oficialur pirovnebas), <strong>da</strong>marwmuneblobis ra Zala gvin<strong>da</strong><br />

mivceT Cvens Txrobas, zRapars movuTxrobT Tu namdvils, <strong>da</strong>debiTia<br />

msjeloba Tu kritikul-uaryofiTi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

87


cnobili enaTmecnieri devid kristali aRniSnavs, rom intonaciis<br />

funqciebis mixedviT arsebobs eqvsi saxis intonacia: emociuri,<br />

gramatikuli, sainformacio-struqturuli, teqstobrivi, fsiqologiuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> indeqsikuri. is wers, rom: “gramatikuli intonacia mniSvnelovan<br />

rols TamaSobs gramatikuli kontrastebis markirebaSi. iseTi msxvili<br />

erTeulebis identifikacia, rogoricaa wina<strong>da</strong>deba <strong>da</strong> rTuli wina<strong>da</strong>debis<br />

nawili, xSirad aris <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli intensivobis konturebis mier<br />

gamonaTqvamis <strong>da</strong>nawevrebaze. zogjer, zepir metyvelebaSi iseTi<br />

specifikuri kontrastebis, rogoricaa TxrobiTi <strong>da</strong> kiTxviTi Tu<br />

mtkicebiTi <strong>da</strong> uaryofiTi wina<strong>da</strong>debebis garCeva erTmaneTisagan swored<br />

intonaciaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT xdeba. magaliTad, wina<strong>da</strong>debaSi She’s here, isn’t she?<br />

aRmavali toni kiTxviTi niSnis <strong>verbaluri</strong> ekvivalentia, maSin roca<br />

wina<strong>da</strong>debaSi She’s here, isn’t she! <strong>da</strong>mavali toni Zaxilis niSnis <strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

gamoxatulebaa (Crystal 1987:171).<br />

d. kristali mokled axasiaTebs intonaciis TiToeul saxes <strong>da</strong><br />

midis <strong>da</strong>skvnamde, rom nebismieri funqciis mqone intonacia mniSvnelovan<br />

rols TamaSobs diskursSi. TiToeul gamonaTqvams Taviseburi maxvili <strong>da</strong><br />

modulacia axasiaTebs. azris nairferovnebis gamomxatvel maxvilTa<br />

erTobliobas logikur maxvils vuwodebT, grZnobaTa nairferovnebis<br />

gamomxatvel maxvilTa erTobliobas ki – emociurs, magram xSirad Znelia<br />

imis gansazRvra, rodis aris maxvili logikuri, rodis ki emociuri. aseT<br />

SemTxvevaSi maxvils zoga<strong>da</strong>d logikur-emociurs vuwodebT. logikur-<br />

emociuri maxvili, romelic metyvelebis elementTa gaZlierebaSi an<br />

xmamaRla warmoTqmaSi gamoixateba, met-naklebad yvela enas aqvs.<br />

inglisur enaSi TiToeuli gamonaTqvami warmoiTqmis garkveuli<br />

intonaciiT, romelic ganpirobebulia nawilobriv misi gramatikuli<br />

struqturiT <strong>da</strong> nawilobriv mosaubris <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT gamonaTqvamis<br />

mimarT. Aaqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, TiToeuli sityva garkveuli maxviliTa Tu<br />

emfaziT warmoiTqmis, imis mixedviT, ra gramatikuli funqcia akisria<br />

sityvas <strong>da</strong>, ra faqtorebi ganapirobeben mas, kerZod, rogoria<br />

gamonaTqvamis konteqsturi presupoziciebi, mosaubris <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />

gamonaTqvamis mimarT <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

88


swored intonacia <strong>da</strong> maxvilia is mTavari prosodiuli<br />

maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic inglisur enas mu<strong>da</strong>m Tan sdevs,Mmagram<br />

amasTanave, tradiciulad yovel enas aqvs masSi <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebuli maxvilis<br />

tipi, romelic konkretulad am enisaTvisaa <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli.<br />

iseTi prosodiuli maxasiaTeblebi, rogoricaa maxvili <strong>da</strong><br />

intonacia, gamonaTqvamis ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komponentis mniSvnelovan nawils<br />

qmnis.<br />

Kkomuniikaciis procesSi verbalur niSnebTan erTad<br />

paralingvistur maxasiaTeblebsac aranakleb mniSvnelovani adgili<br />

uWiravs. paralingvistika (berZn. para “Tan”, “axlo”) Seiswavlis<br />

komunikaciis procesSi sametyvelo Setyobinebis swored im Tanmxleb<br />

araenobriv saSualebebs, romlebic erTgvarad azusteben <strong>da</strong> avseben<br />

metyvelebis gziT ga<strong>da</strong>cemul informacias. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom<br />

paralingvistika, rogorc enaTmecnierebis momijnave semiotikuri<br />

disciplina, ar aris sabolood Camoyalibebuli <strong>da</strong> dResdReobiT kvlav<br />

mimdinareobs am <strong>da</strong>rgis Teoriul-meTodologiuri principebis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba<br />

<strong>da</strong> formireba. Tuki paralingvistur maxasiaTeblebSi vokalur niSanTa<br />

garkveul TvisebebTan erTad ‘sxeulis enas”, anu Jestebs, saxis<br />

gamometyvelebas, Tvalebis moZraobas <strong>da</strong> a.S. vigulisxmebT, naTeli<br />

gaxdeba, rom am elementebsac komunikaciuri procesis dros didi<br />

mniSvneloba eniWebaT, rameTu swored maTi saSualebiT aris SesaZlebeli<br />

<strong>da</strong>vafiqsiroT mosaubris Tu msmenelis <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba gamonaTqvamisadmi.<br />

magaliTad, a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelic romelmac didi SiSi ganica<strong>da</strong>, Tavis<br />

grZnobebsa <strong>da</strong> emociebs ufro efeqturad <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>majereblad ga<strong>da</strong>scems<br />

msmenels, Tu mis mier ga<strong>da</strong>cemul verbalur informacias Tan axlavs<br />

iseTi paralingvisturi maxasiaTeblebi, rogoricaa: kunTebis <strong>da</strong>Wimuloba,<br />

SeSlili saxe, farTod gaxelili Tvalebi, nerviuli, akankalebuli xma<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />

komunikaciis dros, roca gamonaTqvams Tan ar axlavs saTanado<br />

paralingvisturi elementebi, situaciis monawileebi SesaZloa<br />

gaurkvevel an uxerxul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen, ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c veRar<br />

gaakontroleben sakuTar naTqvams.<br />

89


xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac adresantis <strong>verbaluri</strong> gamonaTqvami <strong>da</strong><br />

misi Tanmxlebi paralingvisturi maxasiaTeblebi ewinaaRmdegeba<br />

erTmaneTs. magaliTad, warmovidginoT, rom moswavle midis<br />

maswavlebelTan <strong>da</strong> eubneba, rom mas Zalian moswons gakveTili <strong>da</strong><br />

moxiblulia misi profesionalizmiT. amavdroulad is mousvenrad<br />

acecebs Tvalebs niSnad imisa, rom rac SeiZleba swrafad gaecalos<br />

iqaurobas <strong>da</strong> gareT gavides. iqneba ki am SemTxvevaSi paralingvisturi<br />

maxasiaTeblis adekvaturi adresantis gamonaTqvami? ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, ara.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebis saSualebiT Cven vafiqsirebT Cvens<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas Tanamosaubrisa <strong>da</strong> aseve gamonaTqvamis mimarT.Aaqve<br />

aRvniSnavT im garemoebasac, rom sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva araverbalur niSans SeuZlia<br />

Seavsos, <strong>da</strong>azustos an gansazRvros erTi <strong>da</strong> igive gamonaTqvami. amis<br />

naTel ilustrirebas gvaZlevs bolinjeris mier moyvanili umartivesi<br />

wina<strong>da</strong>debis I don’t know interpretaciebi:<br />

“Lips pursed: “No comment.”<br />

Eyebrows arched: “I’m wondering too.”<br />

Shoulders raised: Same.<br />

Head tilted sideways: “Evasion.”<br />

Hands held slightly forward, palms up: “Empty, no information.” (Bolinge1989:211).<br />

amdenad, warbis awevam <strong>da</strong> Tavis umniSvnelo moZraobamac ki<br />

SesaZloa Seavsos an gansazRvros gamonaTqvami.<br />

Progorc kodSanski aRniSnavs paralingvistika <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia enis<br />

tonalur <strong>da</strong> tembrul gansakuTrebulobasa <strong>da</strong> maT sargeblobaze<br />

kulturaSi. amaze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebiT SeiZleba gamovyoT wynari <strong>da</strong> xmamaRali<br />

kulturebi (Кодшанский 1974:75). evropaSi magaliTad amerikelebs<br />

sayveduroben xmamaRali laparakis maneris gamo. es maTi xasiaTi<br />

gamowveulia im garemoebiT, rom Zalian xSirad amerikelisaTvis ara aqvs<br />

araviTari mniSvneloba imas, usmenen Tu ara maT. maTTvis mniSvnelovania<br />

aCvenon sxvebs sakuTari kompetenturoba <strong>da</strong> gulRiaoba. maTgan<br />

gansxvavebiT, ingliselebs miaCniaT, rom ar un<strong>da</strong> Caerio sxvis saqmeSi.<br />

Pparalingvistikis (para<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis) kulturul-<br />

specifikuri gansakuTrebuloba gamoixateba sityvis siCqareSi. magaliTad,<br />

90


germanelebi saubroben Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT wynarad <strong>da</strong> grZeli pauzebiT, es<br />

enobrivi unari uqmnis xalxs imijs, romlebic didxans fiqroben <strong>da</strong><br />

auCqareblad moqmedeben. swrafad molaparake kulturebs ganekuTvnebian<br />

romanuli enis warmomadgenlebi (frangebi, ruminelebi. am CvenebiT<br />

germanelebs ukaviaT saSualo mdgomareoba, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, sityvis<br />

siCqare berlinSi maRalia, vidre Crdilo germaniaSi)<br />

para<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis Semdeg saSualebad iTvleba manera<br />

erTis mxriv, ilaparako mravalsityvierad, meores mxriv lakoniurad,<br />

bevr kulturaSi xSirad naTqvamis Sinaarss gaaCnia meorexarisxovani<br />

xasiTi. msgavsi manera fasdeba arabebTan, romelTa enasa <strong>da</strong><br />

literaturaSi naTqvamis mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong> Sinaari ar aris mTavari,<br />

arabul kulturaSi mniSvneloba eniWeba sityvis TamaSs, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sityva<br />

SeiZleba erTi <strong>da</strong> imave mniSvnelobiT gamoiyenebodes, arabebs Zalian<br />

uyvarT gamoxaton erTi <strong>da</strong> igive azri sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sityvebiT.<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare komunikaciis efeqturoba ganisazRvreba ara<br />

marto gamonaTqvamis mniSvnelobis gagebis xarisxiT, aramed mosaubris<br />

qcevis swori Sefasebis unariT. kerZod, kinesikuri paralingvizmebi<br />

swored is elementebia, romelTa meSveobiTac grZnobebs, gancdebs <strong>da</strong><br />

emociebs ufro srulyofilad gamovxatavT, vavlenT Tu ra<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba gvaqvs sinamdvileSi gamonaTqvamisa <strong>da</strong> komunikantis<br />

mimarT.<br />

Cven mier ganxiluli magaliTebis safuZvelze SegviZlia vifiqroT,<br />

rom qarTul enaSi TiTqmis yvela gamonaTqvams Tan sdevs esa Tu is<br />

paralingvisturi maxasiaTebeli. marTalia, paralingvisturi<br />

maxasiaTeblebi yvela kulturisaTvis aris <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli, magram maTi<br />

gamoyenebis speqtri qarTul enaSi gacilebiT ufro farToa. radganac<br />

isini <strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis dros Zalian xSirad gamoiyeneba,<br />

bunebrivi xdeba, rom qarTuli ena paralingvizmebis ufro farTo<br />

arCevans un<strong>da</strong> gvTavazobdes, an mas paralingvizmebis gacilebiT ufro<br />

didi nairferovneba axasiaTebs.Aam mravalferovnebis gamomwvevi mizezebi<br />

ganpirobebulia qarTuli bunebis emociurobiT, erovnulobiT <strong>da</strong><br />

kulturiT.<br />

91


Tavi III. socialuri ierarqia <strong>etiketur</strong> formulebSi kulturaTSorisi<br />

komunikaciis procesSi<br />

uZvelesi droi<strong>da</strong>n a<strong>da</strong>mianTa sazogadoebaSi warmoiqmnebo<strong>da</strong> brZola<br />

<strong>da</strong> SeuTanxmebloba a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris sazogadoebrivi Sromis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, rac iqca pirveli socialuri<br />

diferenciaciis safuZvlad gvaris an tomis SigniT, pirvelyofili wyobis<br />

CarCoebSi. Mmudmivma tendenciam Sromis ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT,<br />

romelic <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli iyo gvaris organizaciis elementebze <strong>da</strong><br />

Sesabamisad, a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebebma <strong>da</strong> valdebulebebma sazogadoebis<br />

wevrebs Soris barierebi warmoiqmna.<br />

sazogadoebaSi Sromisunarianobis zr<strong>da</strong>sTan erTad Seicvala<br />

xalxis socialuri organizacia. icvlebo<strong>da</strong> ojaxisa <strong>da</strong> qorwinebis<br />

formebi, moraluri normebi, yalibdebo<strong>da</strong> sazogadoebrivi ideebi, Caisaxa<br />

qonebrivi <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebrivi araTanasworuflebianoba. warmoiqmna<br />

sazogadoebrivi gansxvaveba.<br />

kerZo sakuTreba, araTanasworuflebianoba, religiuri ideologiebi<br />

mJRavndebo<strong>da</strong> enaSi, Sesabamisad, enaSi aisaxeba socialuri struqturebis<br />

cvlilebebi. enaSi ganxorcielebul cvlilebebze dominirebul rols<br />

asruleben socialuri faqtorebi, sazogadoebis zemoqmedeba enaze,<br />

sazogadoebis ganviTareba, Zirfesviani socialur-ekonomikuri,<br />

sazogadoebr - politikuri cvlilebebi. Eenis yvela erTeuli <strong>da</strong> misi<br />

variantebi, yvela forma, funqcia <strong>da</strong> mniSvneloba enaSi warmoadgens<br />

socialurad ganpirobebul socializebul urTierTobebs.<br />

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, icvleba socialuri urTierToba icvleba<br />

ena. tomebis koleqtivizmis <strong>da</strong>SlasTan <strong>da</strong> saxelmifoebrivi struqturebis<br />

warmoqmnasTan erTad, aseve Sromisunarianobis ganviTarebasTan erTad<br />

xdeba kulturisa <strong>da</strong> enis diferenciacia, radgan “ena sazogadoebrivi<br />

ganviTarebis Taviseburi barometria, masSi, rogorc sarkeSi, aisaxeba<br />

enis matareblebis socialuri cxovreba” (Дешериев 1977:8).<br />

sazogadoebriv faqtorebs, romlebmac ganapirobes cvlilebebi<br />

enaSi, warmoadgenen sazogadoebrivi sfero, socialuri garemo,<br />

sametyvelo situacia, xalxis socialuri jgufi, mosaxleobis socialuri<br />

fenebi. sazogadoebis araTanabar klasebad <strong>da</strong>yofam gamoiwvia enis<br />

92


socialuri diferenciacia istoriuli ganviTarebis garkveul etapze.<br />

Eenis socialur diferenciasTan erTad igulisxmebo<strong>da</strong> aseve ideologiis<br />

asaxvac enaSi.<br />

amgvarad, enis socialur diferenciacias safuZvlad udevs<br />

sazogadoebrivi faqtorebi, romlebic ganpirobebulia sazogadoebis<br />

istoriuli ganviTarebiT <strong>da</strong> mocemuli enis socialuri <strong>da</strong> ideologiuri<br />

diferenciiT.<br />

ideologiuri brZolis gamwvavebam gamoiwvia sazogadoebrivi azris<br />

mizanmimarTuli formirebis saWiroeba.Ggax<strong>da</strong> saWiro garkveuli<br />

kriteriumebisa <strong>da</strong> meTodebis argumentireba (<strong>da</strong>sabuTeba).<br />

Aa<strong>da</strong>mianebi Seucnoblad iziareben Sexedulebebsa <strong>da</strong> poziciebs im<br />

socialuri klasisas, romlis warmomadgenlebic TviTon arian “rTuli<br />

Sinagani meqanizmebis moqmedebis safuZvelze a<strong>da</strong>miani uneblieT xdeba<br />

Tavisi klasis warmomadgeneli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mcveli” (nadiraSvili 1979: 116).<br />

mosaubre teqstis saSualebiT sagnebs, movlenebs ise warmoadgens,<br />

rom garkveuli zemoqmedeba adresatze iyos miRweuli <strong>da</strong> amave dros<br />

garkveuli komunikaciuri amocanebic Sesrulebuli. Eena <strong>da</strong> sazogadoeba<br />

mWidro<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianis urTierTobis bunebasTan, mis<br />

SesaZleblobasTan aramarto warmoqmnas teqsti, aramed <strong>da</strong>amyaros<br />

kontaqti, urTierToba, <strong>da</strong> aseve airCios konkretuli miznis misaRwevad<br />

sakuTari saSualeba. “sametyvelo kultura ganiszRvreba aramxolod<br />

nornebis <strong>da</strong>cviT, aramed im saSualebebis moZiebiT, romlebic zustad<br />

gamoxataven sakuTar azrs, sakmaod martivad (anu mxatvrulad), droulad<br />

(anu yvelaze misaRebi mocemuli SemTxvevisaTvis) <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, aris<br />

gamarTlebuli” (Ширяев 1991: 54).<br />

am problemebis aspeqtSi mniSvnelovani roli ukavia socialuri<br />

qcevis problemebs, romlebic r. Bbelis azriT, warmoadgens “lingvistur<br />

problemebs” (Белл 1980: 42).<br />

am mxriv mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs erovnul-specifikuri qcevis<br />

wesebi, romlebic warmoadgenen rogorc verbalur, ise araverbalur<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong>s. socialuri qcevis aseTi gansakuTrebuli sistema <strong>da</strong><br />

urTierTobis mdgradi formula aRiniSneba terminiT “sametyvelo<br />

etiketi”. is <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia etiketis cnebasTan, romelic n.i.<br />

93


formanovskaias azriT, aris ‘niSnebis rTuli sistema, romlebic<br />

miuTiTeben urTierTobis procesSi (<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong>) meore<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis mimarT <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaze, mis Sefasebaze <strong>da</strong> amave dros<br />

sakuTari Tavis Sefasebaze” (Формановская 1982: 4-5). ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

saSualebebi warmoadgenen kulturis statusis miniWebis aqtebs, rodesac<br />

aseTi miniWeba ara mxolod akmayofilebs konkretul moTxovnilebebs,<br />

aramed aris simboloc, warmoadgens komunikaciur saSualebas, romelsac<br />

SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>areguliros a<strong>da</strong>mianis qceva (Тарасов 1990:10).<br />

mosaubris mimarT nebismieri urTierTobis gamoxatvis saSualeba, es<br />

iqneba sityvebi Tu misalmeba-<strong>da</strong>mSvidobebis Jestebi, arsebobs ara<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblad, aramed sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan mimarTebaSi, <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />

yoveldRiuri Sesruleba urTierTobis aucilebeli pirobaa.<br />

sametyvelo etiketi verbalurad emsaxureba qcevis etikets,<br />

araverbalurTan erTad komunikaciis aqtSi is aRniSnavs uamrav<br />

socialurad mniSvnelovan pozicias, maT Soris komunikantebis gacnobis-<br />

argacnobis xarisxs, urTierTobis situaciaSi maT Tanasworuflebianoba-<br />

araTanasworuflebianobas.<br />

sametyvelo etiketi viwro gagebiT aris metyvelebis qcevis<br />

erovnuli specifikuri wesi, romelic gamoiyeneba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva socialur<br />

situaciasa <strong>da</strong> konteqstSi, erovnul-specifikuri wesebis codna iseve<br />

mniSvnelovania urTierTobis gansaxorcieleblad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />

mniSvnelovania enis wesebis codna saubris sworad asagebad.<br />

Kkontaqtur-vizualur dialogur metyvelebaSi gamomJavndeba<br />

ormxrivi socialuroba: erTis mxriv, pirveli mosaubris sametyvelo<br />

socialuroba, meores mxriv _ meore mosaubris sametyvelo socialuroba.<br />

Tu orive mosaubre miekuTvneba erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave socialur jgufs, arian<br />

erTi <strong>da</strong> igive Taobis warmomadgenlebi, arian erTi mentalobis an<br />

Sexedulebebis, erTi <strong>da</strong> imave kulturuli an saganmanaTleblo donis,<br />

maSin pirveli mosaubris dialogiur-vizualuri sametyvelo Sinaaris<br />

socialuroba SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>emTxvas meore mosaubrisas. Oormxriv<br />

kontaqtur vizualur socialurobas ESeiZleba vuwodoT ekvivalenturi.<br />

Aaseve ormxrivi socialuroba SeiZleba iyos araeqvivalenturi, pirveli<br />

mosaubris socialurobis parametrebi SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes meoris<br />

94


socialurobis parametrebisgan, anu SeiZleba ar <strong>da</strong>emTxves maTi<br />

sazogadoebriv-socialuri statusi, zogadsaganmanaTleblo <strong>da</strong><br />

kulturuli done, isini SeiZleba ganekuTvnebodnen sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva socialur<br />

jgufs <strong>da</strong> aseve gansxvavdebodnen asakiT an sqesiT.<br />

Eeseni arian sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva socialurobis mosaubreebi, magram aris<br />

SemTxvevebi, rodesac or mosaubres aqvs saerTo parametrebi, xolo<br />

meores – gansxvavebuli. aseT mosaubreebs SeiZleba vuwodoT mosaubreebi<br />

Sereuli parametrebiT an Sereuli socialuri niSnebiT. Ppraqtikuli <strong>da</strong><br />

Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania gaviTvaliswinoT yvela<br />

ganmasxvavebeli niSani, romelic SeiZleba gamovlindeskontaqtur<br />

ormxriv vizualur, dialogur <strong>da</strong> monologur sametyvelo urTierTobaSi.<br />

mosaubris socialuri statusi, upirveles yovlisa, urTierTobaSi<br />

gamomJRavndeba. sanam a<strong>da</strong>miani mosaubresTan <strong>da</strong>amyarebs urTierTobas, man<br />

rogorme un<strong>da</strong> SeZlos miipyros misi yuradReba. kontaqtSi CarTvis<br />

diferenciuli meqanizmi warmoadgens mimarTvas, radgan is aRniSnavs<br />

komunikaciis monawileebis socialur rols <strong>da</strong> statuss. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa,<br />

mimarTvas ESeuZlia xazi gausvas aseve mosaubris profesiul rols, mis<br />

sazogadoebriv mdgomareobas, mis <strong>da</strong>kavebulobas mocemul droSi,<br />

asakobriv <strong>da</strong> sqesobriv sxvaobas, konkretuli socialuri klasis<br />

warmomadgenlobas.<br />

urTierTobis procesSi sametyvelo etiketis gagebisaTvis<br />

komunikanTa socialuri rolis gageba arsebiTia. mniSvnelovania<br />

ganisazRvros mosaubreebis socialuri mdgomareoba, asaki <strong>da</strong> Tu<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba yvela zemoaRniSnuli parametrebi, maSin<br />

situacia simetriulia, xolo urTierTobis procesSi aRniSnuli<br />

parametrebis sxvaoba warmoqmnis asimetrias.<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi bavSvobi<strong>da</strong>n swavloben <strong>etiketur</strong>i niSnebis gamoyenebas<br />

(misalmeba/<strong>da</strong>mSvidobeba) <strong>da</strong> Zalian negatiurad reagireben, Tu mosaubre<br />

uxeSad arRvevs aseT wesebs. Eenis matarebelni gaerTianebuli arian<br />

sociumSi, romelSic gamoiyeneba sametyvelo etiketis sayovelTao an<br />

stilistikurad SezRuduli gamonaTqvamebi, Aamitomaa, rom a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

maSinac ki rodesac xvdeba misTvis gansxvavvbuli urTierTobis<br />

pirobebSi, magaliTad, SeuZlia iyos mosaubre an piri, romelic<br />

95


axorcielebs zegavlenas mosaubreze, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba<br />

TviTon iyos msmeneli, Sesabamisad zemoqmedebis obieqtic. Aaqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare mas SeuZlia gqondes sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva statusi. magaliTad, ufrosi<br />

_umcrosi; maswavlebeli _ moswavle (ase sxva bevr situaciaSi)Dmosaubris<br />

socialuri statusi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, <strong>da</strong> aseve statusis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

mas SeuZlia SearCios sametyvelo etiketi, raTa ganaxorcielos<br />

urTierToba. Mmosaubre mza teqstis reproducirebis drosac ki ar<br />

moqmedebs meqanikurad, aramed axdens sametyvelo aqtis SerCevis rTul<br />

operacias im gamoTqmebis gamoyenebiT, romelic mocemuli urTierTobis<br />

garemosaTvis Sesaferisi <strong>da</strong> misaRebia.<br />

rogorc cnobilia, enis mTavari <strong>da</strong>niSnulebaa a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris<br />

komunikaciis <strong>da</strong>myareba. <strong>komunikacia</strong> metad rTuli procesia. igi<br />

warmoadgens informaciis, ideebis, azrebis gacvlas or an met pirovnebas<br />

Soris. <strong>komunikacia</strong> xorcieldeba informaciis gamgzavnis <strong>da</strong> informaciis<br />

mimRebis anu mosaubris <strong>da</strong> msmenlis an mwerlis <strong>da</strong> mkiTxvelis<br />

saSualebiT. <strong>komunikacia</strong> aramarto sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saSualebiT, aramed<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formiTac myardeba. informaciis gagzavna <strong>da</strong> miReba SeiZleba<br />

zepiri an weriTi formiT <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad, gveqneba mimarTeba: mosaubre _<br />

msmeneli, mwerali _ mkiTxveli. bunebrivia, komunikantTa raodenoba<br />

gansxvavdeba situaciisa <strong>da</strong> komunikaciis tipis mixedviT. warmatebuli<br />

komunikaciis <strong>da</strong>samyareblad saWiroa mosaubrem saubrisas<br />

gaiTvaliswinos ara mxolod sakuTari interesebi, aramed msmenlisac.<br />

komunikaciisas aseve didi mniSvneloba aqvs sametyvelo etikets,<br />

vinai<strong>da</strong>n is Tavazianobis ganuyofeli nawilia.<br />

un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom warmatebuli komunikaciis erT-erTi<br />

ganmsazRvreli faqtori aris komunikantebis fonuri anu ziari codna.<br />

komunikantTa Soris gaugebroba ufro metia gansxvavebuli kulturis<br />

warmomadgenlebs Soris komunikaciisas, vidre maSin, rodesac mosaubreebi<br />

erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave sametyvelo koleqtivs ganekuTvnebian. Tu sametyvelo<br />

etiketis esa Tu is Fforma miuRebelia erT–erTi komunikantisaTvis, maSin<br />

maT Soris arsebuli sakomunikacio procesi CaiSleba. <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia erTi<br />

enobrivi koleqtivisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli sametyvelo etiketis normebi<br />

meore enobriv koleqtivSi ga<strong>da</strong>vitanoT, vinai<strong>da</strong>n amgvari qmedeba<br />

96


usiamovno SegrZnebas, gakvirvebas an yofiT Soks gamoiwvevs komunikantebs<br />

Soris. warmatebuli komunikaciisaTvis saWiroa sayovelTaod <strong>da</strong>dgenili<br />

etiketis normebis codna <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva.Aaqve un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas rom xSirad<br />

warumatebeli komunikaciis an arasasiamovno urTierTobis mizezi swored<br />

etiketis normebis ucodinroba an maTi arasworad gamoyenebaa.<br />

sityva etiketi (Etiquette) franguli enis meSveobiT msoflios mraval<br />

qveyanaSi gavrcel<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mkvidr<strong>da</strong>. am cnebas araerTi ganmarteba<br />

moeZebneba:<br />

a) qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonSi etiketi Semdegnaira<strong>da</strong>a<br />

ganmartebuli: ,,Tavis <strong>da</strong>Werisa <strong>da</strong> Tavaziani mopyrobis wesebi mefis<br />

karze, Tava<strong>da</strong>znaurTa Tu burJuaziis maRal wreebSi diplomatTa Soris,”<br />

(qegl, 123).<br />

b) ivane javaxiSvili aRniSnavs: ,,etiketi aris qmedeba an qmedebaTa<br />

erToblioba, romelic a<strong>da</strong>mianTa yofiT urTierTobaSi fiqsirdeba, aris<br />

uaRresad detalizebuli, aqvs Sesrulebis savaldebulo xasiaTi <strong>da</strong> mis<br />

Semadgenel elementebs axasiaTebs zusti Tanmimdevroba’’ (javaxiSvili<br />

iv.,126).<br />

g) rusuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni etikets Semdegnairad<br />

ganmartavs:<br />

1. “sakanonmdeblo termini, romelic sasamarTlo procesis Canawers<br />

aRniSnavs, e.i. oqmi an oqmebis Casaweri <strong>da</strong>vTari;<br />

2. werilis an Txovnis <strong>da</strong>weris wesi;<br />

3. samefo karis wes-Cveuleba, ceremonialuri mimarTvis <strong>da</strong>cva’’;<br />

d) oqsfordis maRali safexuris SemswavlelTa leqsikonis<br />

mixedviT etiketi aris: ,,wes-Cveuleba, romelic oficialurad gamyarebul<br />

saurTierTo maneras warmoadgens’’<br />

(Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English,30);<br />

e) vebsteris leqsikonis mixedviT:<br />

,,etiketi aris kargi sazogadoebrivi saurTierTo formebis erToblioba,<br />

Sesabamisi tradiciuli wesebi, romlebic aseT saurTierTo formebs<br />

aweseben’’ (Webster New World English Dictionary,73);<br />

v) eTikis leqsikonis mixedviT etiketi aris:<br />

97


,,qcevis wesTa erToblioba, romelic awesrigebs a<strong>da</strong>mianur<br />

urTierTobebs (garSemomyofebze mopyroba, mimarTvisa <strong>da</strong> misalmebis<br />

formebi, qceva sazogadoebriv adgilebSi, manerebi, samosi). etiketi aris<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianisa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebis Sinagani kulturis Semadgeneli nawili.<br />

masSi Sedis is moTxovnebi, romlebic iZenen ceremonialis ase Tu ise<br />

mkacrad reglamentirebul xasiaTs <strong>da</strong> romelTa <strong>da</strong>cvas aqvs<br />

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba qcevis formis gansazRvrisaTvis. etiketi<br />

gamoxatavs zneobriobis principebis ama Tu im Sinaarss, tradiciulad,<br />

sazogadoebaSi igi, rogorc wesi, iqceva ritualad, aqvs Tavisi forma,<br />

mkacrad Camoyalibebuli xasiaTi; gamoixateba detalurad <strong>da</strong>muSavebuli<br />

Tavazianobis wesebis rTul sistemaSi, axdens sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva klasisa <strong>da</strong><br />

wodebis Tanamdebobis pirTa mopyrobis <strong>da</strong> sxva wreSi qcevis wesTa<br />

klasifikacias”.<br />

Eetiketi istoriuli kategoriaa, radgan a<strong>da</strong>mianTa qcevis wesebi<br />

Cveni cxovrebis pirobaTa kvalobaze, konkretuli socialuri garemos<br />

Sesabamisad icvleba (jolia 1998: 56).<br />

etiketis normebis <strong>da</strong>cvas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs a<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />

urTierTobebis SesanarCuneblad.Arogorc ukve avRniSneT, a<strong>da</strong>mianebs<br />

komunikaciisas ziari codna un<strong>da</strong> hqondeT etiketis normebis Sesaxeb,<br />

raTa maT warmatebiT SeZlon komunikaciis <strong>da</strong>myareba, winaaRmdeg<br />

SemTxvevaSi warmatebuli <strong>komunikacia</strong> ar Sedgeba aramarto sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

yofis warmomadgenelTa Soris, aramed erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave yofis<br />

warmomadgenelTa Soris urTierTobisasac ki. etiketis <strong>da</strong>cva metad<br />

mniSvnelovania zepiri Tu weriTi urTierTobisas, sxva sityvebiT rom<br />

vTqvaT, sazogadoebaSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs lingvisturi<br />

etiketi. Llingvisturi etiketi Tavs iCens zepiri an weriTi<br />

komunikaciisas Tavazianobis normebis saxiT <strong>da</strong> mdgomareobs mosaubris<br />

mier oficialuri, neitraluri Tu Sinauruli stilisaTvis Sesaferisi<br />

enobrivi Fformebis SerCevaSi.<br />

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, etiketi Tavaziani manerebis <strong>da</strong><br />

socialurad mowesrigebuli qcevis normebis erTobliobaa <strong>da</strong> moicavs<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianTa qcevis normebs Sin, samsaxurSi, transportSi <strong>da</strong> saerTod<br />

sazogadoebaSi. zogi fiqrobs, rom etiketis normebi <strong>da</strong> wesebi, ubralo<br />

98


formalobaa, magram es ase ar aris. Tavaziani a<strong>da</strong>mianisaTvis romelic<br />

etiketis normebs icavs, nebismier sazogadoebaSi arseboba, sazogadoebis<br />

wevrebTan urTierToba iolia. etiketi a<strong>da</strong>mianis Sinagan bunebas <strong>da</strong> mis<br />

sulier silamazes warmoaCens.<br />

Cveulebriv etiketi ganisazRvreba, rogorc a<strong>da</strong>mianTa Tavaziani<br />

manerebis <strong>da</strong> qcevis normebis erToblioba Sin, samsaxurSi, transportSi<br />

<strong>da</strong> saerTod, sazogadoebaSi. enobrivi etiketi aris ama Tu im situaciaSi<br />

swori frazebisa <strong>da</strong> enobrivi formebis xmarebis xelovneba. Tanamedrove<br />

msoflioSi xSirad myardeba kontaqti sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva profesiis a<strong>da</strong>mianebs<br />

Soris. ama Tu im enaze saubrisas mniSvnelovania sametyvelo etiketis<br />

normebis codna <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva. n. i. fonmanovskaia aRniSnavs, rom urTierTobis<br />

erovnuli specifika <strong>da</strong> socialurad ganpirobebuli stereotipebi,<br />

romlebic saSualebas gvaZlevs avirCioT <strong>da</strong> gamoviyenoT urTierTobis<br />

esa Tu is forma, rogoricaa ama Tu im situaciisaTvis Sesaferisi<br />

misalmeba, <strong>da</strong>mSvidobeba, bodiSis mox<strong>da</strong>, madlobis ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>, milocva,<br />

survilebis gamoTqma, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis Tavaziani gamoTqma, enobrivi<br />

saSualebebis keTilganwyobili <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis gamovlena mosaubresTan<br />

an msmenelTan aris enobrivi etiketi (Формановская 1988: 96).<br />

Gganasxvaveben etiketis Semdeg saxeobebs: diplomatiuri, maRali<br />

sazogadoebis (samefo karis), saqmiani urTierTobis, samsaxurebrivi,<br />

samxedro, sportuli, sufris, samedicino, samecniero, samoqalaqo <strong>da</strong><br />

sxv (jolia 2006: 16-17).<br />

Ddiplomatiuri anu saerTaSoriso etiketi diplomatTa etiketia.<br />

misi moTxovnebi erTi romelime qveynis farglebs scildeba <strong>da</strong> mocemul<br />

istoriul momentSi raime niSnis ganurCevlad (mag: erovneba, rasa,<br />

religia) sazogado wesebis, Cvevebisa <strong>da</strong> tradiciebis erTobliobaa.<br />

Tanamedrove diplomatTa <strong>da</strong> biznesmenTa yoveldRiur urTierTobaSi<br />

diplomatiur etikets, anu ucxoelebTan qcevis miRebuli wesebis <strong>da</strong>cvas<br />

ududesi mniSvneloba aqvs.<br />

maRali sazogadoebis etiketi _ monarqTa sasaxleSi mtkiced<br />

<strong>da</strong>dgenili qcevisa <strong>da</strong> urTierTobis wesebia.<br />

saqmiani etiketi biznesmenTa etiketia. igi saqmiani urTierTobis<br />

specifikuri kulturaaa <strong>da</strong> Tavis mxriv gulisxmobs ritualsa <strong>da</strong><br />

99


subordinacias, samsaxurebriv etikets, qcevis maneras, werisa <strong>da</strong><br />

satelefono saubris stils, saqmiani dokumentaciis gaformebas,<br />

molaparakebis warmarTvis xelovnebas, prezentaciiasa <strong>da</strong> reklamis<br />

kulturas <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />

samsaxurebrivi etiketi – samuSaoze a<strong>da</strong>mianTa qcevis wesia. vinai<strong>da</strong>n<br />

yovel muSaks konkretuli Tanamdebobis Sesabamisi ufleba-movaleoba<br />

gaaCnia, maTi qcevis specifikuri normebic amis mixedviT dgindeba.<br />

samsaxurebrivi etiketi moicavs xelmZRvanelobasTan, xelqveiTebTan,<br />

kolegebTan <strong>da</strong> partniorebTan urTierTobas.<br />

samxedro etiketi _ samxedro mosamsaxureTa saqmianobisa <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />

cxovrebis yvela sferoSi zogad miRebuli wesebis erTobliobaa.<br />

sportuli etiketi spotul SejibrebebSi sportsmenTa<br />

savaldebulo qcevis <strong>da</strong>dgenili wesebia.<br />

sufris etiketi sufrasTan a<strong>da</strong>mianTa qcevas gansazRvravs. masSi<br />

igulisxmeba sakvebisa <strong>da</strong> sasmelis miwodeba, sufrasTan monawileTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>sma, magi<strong>da</strong>ze <strong>da</strong>na-Canglis, TefSebisa <strong>da</strong> sasmisebis <strong>da</strong>wyoba, moxmareba<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxva wesebi.<br />

Mmecnieruli moRvaweoba, rogorc wesi, samecniero naSromis<br />

(aRmoCena, gamogoneba, monografia, disertacia, referati <strong>da</strong> sxv) saxiT<br />

vlindeba. Mmisi <strong>da</strong>wera, gaformeba, aprobacia (mowoneba, <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>stureba) <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>cva garkveul meTodikasa <strong>da</strong> etikets anu moTxovnaTa <strong>da</strong> akrZalvaTa<br />

sistemas iTvaliswinebs, romelic mTlianobaSi samecniero etikets<br />

gulisxmobs.<br />

samedicino etiketi mWidro<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli samedicino<br />

moZRvrebasTan medicinis muSakTa saqcielis, movaleobis moralisa <strong>da</strong><br />

eTikis Sesaxeb.<br />

samoqalaqo etiketi yoveli a<strong>da</strong>mianisagan moiTxovs sazogadoebaSi<br />

miRebuli qcevis im normebis <strong>da</strong>cvas, rac gaTvaliswinebulia quCaSi,<br />

pransportSi, maRaziaSi, restoranSi, kinoTeatrSi, gamofenaze Tu a.S.<br />

etiketi universaluri cnebaa, magram amave dros, mas yvela<br />

erisaTvis gansakuTrebuli <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli erovnul-kulturili<br />

Taviseburebi aqvs <strong>da</strong> misi normebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis kulturaSi<br />

gansxvavebulad gamoixateba.<br />

100


etikets, romelic vlindeba a<strong>da</strong>mianis metyvelebaSi sametyvelo<br />

urTierTobaSi, etiketi hqvia. Aa<strong>da</strong>miani yoveldRiurad mravaljer<br />

mimarTavs sametyvelo etiketiT miRebul gamonaTqvamebs sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan<br />

urTierTobisas, magaliTad: misalmebisas, <strong>da</strong>mSvidobebisas, madlobis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>xdisas, mobodiSebis dros <strong>da</strong> sxv. rogorc vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, sametyvelo<br />

etiketi Tavazianobis <strong>verbaluri</strong> formebis gamoyenebas iTvaliswinebs <strong>da</strong><br />

sazogadoebis mier SemuSavebul im sametyvelo qceviT normebs Seadgens,<br />

romelic ama Tu im sazogadoebas axasiaTebs.<br />

aSkaraa, rom saubrisas molaparake bevr sametyvelo formas (mag:<br />

gamarjoba, rogor xar?) TiTqmis avtomaturad iyenebs, rac gulisxmobs<br />

imas, rom aseTi saxis konstruqciebi mocemulia stereotipuli<br />

gamoTqmebis saxiT, romlis gamoyeneba Sesaferi un<strong>da</strong> iyos gansazRvrul<br />

momentsa <strong>da</strong> situaciaSi. Aamgvari di<strong>da</strong>d mravalferovani stereotipuli<br />

gamonaTqvamebi sametyvelo etiketis Semadgeneli nawilebia <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />

gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia bevr sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva faqtorze, rogoricaa:<br />

molaparakeTa asaki, sqesi, siaxlovis an Zalauflebis done <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />

sagulisxmoa, rom go<strong>da</strong>rdi <strong>da</strong> veJbicka stereotipul gamoTqmebs<br />

“lingvistur rutinebs” uwodeben. maTi ganmartebiT, “lingvisturi<br />

rutinebi” ucvleli gamonaTqvamebi an gamonaTqvamebis Tanmimdevrobaa,<br />

romlebic stan<strong>da</strong>rtizirebul komunikaciur situaciebSi gamoiyeneba (mag:<br />

misalmeba, <strong>da</strong>mSvidobeba, madlobis ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>) (God<strong>da</strong>rd, Wierzbichka 1997:249-<br />

250). Llingvisturi rutinebi ganpirobebulia rogorc formiT, aseve<br />

sociokulturuli konteqstiT.<br />

sametyvelo etiketis swori gageba ara mxolod sityvebis codnas<br />

gulisxmobs, aramed sociokulturuli Taviseburebebis codnas moiTxovs<br />

(Ступин 1980:7). rogorc ukve aRiniSna, urTierTobisas a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />

erovnul-kulturuli normebi <strong>da</strong> maTTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli formebi<br />

sametyvelo etiketiT vlindeba <strong>da</strong> maTi <strong>da</strong>rRveva a<strong>da</strong>mians metad<br />

arasaxarbielo situaciaSi agdebs. molaparakeebma yovelTvis un<strong>da</strong><br />

scadon <strong>da</strong>icvan miRebuli qcevis normebi (maT Soris ueWvelad<br />

<strong>verbaluri</strong>c). rasakvirvelia, es advili ar aris <strong>da</strong> did codnasa <strong>da</strong><br />

Zalisxmevas moiTxovs, gansakuTrebiT imaTgan, visac ucxo kulturis<br />

warmomadgenlebTan uxdeba urTierToba, radgan am SemTxvevaSi<br />

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aucilebelia imis gaTvaliswinebac, rom is qceviTi normebi, romlebic<br />

miRebulia erT kulturaSi <strong>da</strong> verbalur gamoxatulebas mis sametyvelo<br />

etiketSi poulobs, SesaZlebelia sruliad miuRebeli <strong>da</strong> zogjer<br />

Seuracmxyofelic ki iyos sxva kulturis warmomadgenlisaTvis.<br />

Bbevr SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba sityvasityviT iTargmnos erT enaSi<br />

miRebuli sametyvelo etiketis gamonaTqvamebi, magaliTad, iseTi<br />

sametvelo formulis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa “Help yourself” ingliselebSi<br />

sametyvelo etiketis gavrcelebul gamonaTqvams warmoadgens, romelsac<br />

maspinZeli warmoTqvams stumris mimarT, raTa man miirTvas kerZi, magram<br />

misi pir<strong>da</strong>piri Targmna qarTulad, rogorc “<strong>da</strong>exmareT Tqvens Tavs”<br />

gaugebrobas gamoiwvevs. analogiurad qarTvel axlobel a<strong>da</strong>mianebs<br />

Soris gamomSvidobebisas warmoTqmuli sametyvelo etiketis<br />

gamonaTqvamis “ar <strong>da</strong>ikargo” pir<strong>da</strong>piri Targmna inglisurad rogorc<br />

“Don’t lost”! gaugebrobis sagani SeiZleba gaxdes ingliseli<br />

msmenelisaTvis.<br />

rogorc vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, yvela eris sametyvelo etiketSi misTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli erovnuli koloriti arsebobs, rac am sametyvelo<br />

etiketis normebs gansakuTrebuls xdis.<br />

cnobilia, rom sametyvelo etiketis codna di<strong>da</strong>d exmareba a<strong>da</strong>mians<br />

bevri miznis miRwevasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>debiTi, mzrunveli a<strong>da</strong>mianis imijis SeqmnaSi.<br />

yuradRebis gamoxatvas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris<br />

stabiluri urTierTobis Camoyalibebasa <strong>da</strong> SenarCunebaSi. Aesec rom ar<br />

iyos, ratom aris, rom misalmebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mSvidobebis gacvla aseTi<br />

mniSvnelovania? erTis mxriv, aseTi gamonaTqvamebi imdenad stereotipuli<br />

gax<strong>da</strong>, rom a<strong>da</strong>miani xSirad avtomaturad warmoTqvams maT, magram<br />

sakmarisia a<strong>da</strong>mians gamorCes an mizanmiumarTavad ar warmoTqvas isini,<br />

rom uceb iqmneba arasasiamovno ganc<strong>da</strong> meore a<strong>da</strong>minSi, romelic aseT<br />

saqciels upativcemulobad aRiqvams. yuradRebis gamoxatvis iseT niSnebs,<br />

rogoricaa, magaliTad, misalmeba, <strong>da</strong>mSvidobebas “mofemebs” uwodeben.<br />

(Формановская 1989:52), xolo malinovski aseTi saxis komunikaciebs<br />

“fatikur <strong>komunikacia</strong>s “Phatic Communion”) arqmevs (Malinovski 1923:44). A<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rom <strong>verbaluri</strong> Tu ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> etiketis wesebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRvevis SemTxvevebis ganxilvisas aucilebelia ganvasxvaoT<br />

102


warumatebeli saqcielis mizezebi, kerZod, saqme SeiZleba gvqondes<br />

“unebur <strong>da</strong>rRvevasTan,” rasac aseve “kazuss” uwodeben (Камычек1981:112).<br />

aseTi <strong>da</strong>rRvevebi gansakuTrebiT xSiria sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturis<br />

warmomadgenlebs Soris urTierTobisas, rac aixsneba maT Soris “ziari<br />

codnis” ararsebobiT, rogorc foqsi acxadebs: “Tqveni inglisuri<br />

SesaZlebelia umnikvlo iyos, magram Tqveni qceviTi “gramatika” aRsavse<br />

iyos aSkara SecdomebiT” (Fox 2004:62). Mmeore saxis <strong>da</strong>rRvevebs<br />

“afrontebi” hqvia (Камычек 981:113). Daq saqme gvaqvs sametyvelo etiketis<br />

rogorc <strong>verbaluri</strong>, iseve ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> normebis mizanmimarTul<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRvevasTan, rac, bunebrivia, a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris urTierTobis gamwvavebis<br />

mizezi xdeba. sabednierod, aseTi saxis <strong>da</strong>rRvevebi sakmaod iSviaTia <strong>da</strong><br />

zoga<strong>da</strong>d, a<strong>da</strong>mianebi kargi urTierTobis <strong>da</strong>myarebisaken miiswrafvian.<br />

enobrivi etiketis <strong>da</strong>cva aucilebelia rogorc weriTi, ise zepiri<br />

metyvelebisas. zepiri metyvelebisas ama Tu im stereotipisa Tu enobrivi<br />

maxasiaTeblis arCevani, tradiciulad, ganpirobebulia mosaubrisa <strong>da</strong><br />

misi msmenlis socialuri statusiT, socialuri roliT <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />

mimarTebiT sxva faqtorebTan (dro, garemo). enobrivi etiketi mJRavndeba<br />

metyvelebisas, mosaubris mimarTvisas msmenlisadmi zepiri Tu<br />

werilobiTi komunikaciis <strong>da</strong>myarebis dros. SevniSnavT, rom enobrivi<br />

etiketi saubris <strong>da</strong>wyebisTanave iCens Tavs <strong>da</strong> gastans mTliani saubris<br />

ganmavlobaSi. misalmeba, Sesaferisad bodiSis mox<strong>da</strong>, Txovna, madlobis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>mSvidobeba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> a.S. aris enobrivi etiketis is elementebi,<br />

romelTac pirvel rigSi euflebian enis Seswavlisas, vinai<strong>da</strong>n enobrivi<br />

etiketi moiTxovs misi normebis zedmiwevniT zustad <strong>da</strong>cvas. Mmas, vinc<br />

saqmiani urTierTobisas iyenebs qcevis karg, <strong>da</strong>xvewil manerebs, aris<br />

Tavaziani, eZleva realuri SesaZlebloba, ganimtkicos pozicia <strong>da</strong><br />

Sedegad didi sargebeli miiRos.<br />

saqmiani saubari warmatebiT warimarTeba, rodesac komunikantebi<br />

iCenen kompetenturobas, keTilmosurneobas, taqts <strong>da</strong> cdiloben sakiTxis<br />

orive mxarisaTvis misaRebad mogvarebas. vinai<strong>da</strong>n saqmiani saubris<br />

monawileebi SeiZleba iyvnen sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva asakis, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sazogadoebrivi<br />

mdgomareobisa <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturis (yofis) warmomadgenlebi, maTi<br />

saubrisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva enobrivi etiketis <strong>da</strong>cvas.<br />

103


magaliTad, inglisur enaSi qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT ar aris<br />

formaluri sxvaoba “Sen” / “Tqven” nacvalsaxelebs Soris, orive<br />

nacvalsaxels inglisurSi erTi (you) Seesatyviseba, xolo gansxvavebas<br />

Sinaurul <strong>da</strong> oficialur mimarTvebs Soris qmnis iseTi faqtorebi,<br />

rogoricaa: intonacia, Sesaferisi sityvebisa <strong>da</strong> konstruqciebis<br />

gamoyeneba. magaliTad:<br />

1. Excuse me, could you tell me the time please?<br />

2. Hay you! What’s the time?<br />

pirvel magaliTSi, cxadia, mosaubre gulisxmobs Tavazianobis<br />

gamomxatvel nacvalsaxels “Tqven” (you) rasac cxadyofs amave semantikis<br />

gamomxatveli enobrivi elementebi: “ excuse me”, “could” <strong>da</strong> “please”, xolo<br />

meore magaliTSi mimarTva Sinaurulia. es ori magaliTic cxadyofs, Tu<br />

raoden mniSvnelovania Tavaziani formebis gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> enobrivi<br />

etiketis normebis <strong>da</strong>cva metyvelebisas, <strong>da</strong>Zabuli situaciebis <strong>da</strong><br />

gaugebrobis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad.<br />

saqmiani saubrisas Tavaziani un<strong>da</strong> iyos aramarto saubris toni <strong>da</strong><br />

enobrivi normebi, aramed Jest-mimikac Tavazianobas un<strong>da</strong> gamoxatavdes.<br />

Tavazianoba Sexvedrisas, interesi mosmenisas, yuradReba azrTa<br />

gacvlisas, TanagrZnoba <strong>da</strong> taqti kritikis <strong>da</strong> SeniSvnis micemisas – yvela<br />

es faqtori umniSvnelovanesia saqmiani urTierTobisas.<br />

kulturaTSorisi <strong>komunikacia</strong> did rols TamaSobs nebismieri<br />

kulturis ganviTarebaSi. yvela kulturas gaaCnia enobrivi sistema,<br />

romlis meSveobiTac eZlevaT kulturis matarebelT erTmaneTTan<br />

urTierTobis SesaZlebloba. mecnierebma <strong>da</strong>adgines, rom enis meSveobiT<br />

Cven ga<strong>da</strong>vcemT mosaubres informaciis 35%-ze mets. enasTan erTad<br />

arsebobs informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cem is umravi ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualeba,<br />

urTierTobis aseTi xerxebi mecnierebma gaaerTianes ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

komunikaciis cnebaSi, esenia: Jestebi, mimika, poza, varcxniloba,<br />

tansacmeli, a<strong>da</strong>mianis garemomcveli sagnebi, yvela maTgani urTierTobis<br />

gansazRvruli saxeobaa, romlebic usityvod xdeba, maTze informaciis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rCenili 65% modis, romelic komunikaciis procesSi xorcieldeba.<br />

104


<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> urTierTobebis elementebis Serwyma<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvaa.<br />

rac Seexeba <strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> urTierTobebis<br />

elementebis Serwymas, igi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturaSi ganscxvavebulia. aris<br />

kulturebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c mcirea sityvieri gamoTqmebi, es rom gavigoT, saWiroa<br />

kargad warmovidginoT, rogor situaciaSi warmoiTqva, vin Tqva, vis<br />

uTxra <strong>da</strong> rogori formiT, magram aris kulturebic, sa<strong>da</strong>c gasagebad<br />

sakmarisia mxolod sityvieri gamonaTqvamebi. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,<br />

arsebobs kulturebi, romlebSic konteqsti Zalian mniSvnelovania, <strong>da</strong><br />

kulturebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c konteqstis mniSvneloba araa didi. komunikaciisa <strong>da</strong><br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> semiotikis urTierTmimarTebaze msjelobisas yuradsaRebia<br />

stefanenkos Sexeduleba, romelic miiCnevs, rom arsebobs<br />

maRalkonteqsturi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>balkonteqsturi kulturebi (Степаненко 2000: 151-<br />

161). krasnixi ase xsnis am movlenas: am dros moiazreba Semdegi; ras<br />

eqceva ufro meti yuradReba_informaciis Sinaarss anu ra iTqva, Tu<br />

Setyobinebis konteqsts, anu rogor iTqva, visTvis iTqva <strong>da</strong> ra<br />

situaciaSi (Красных, 2002:225). un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom maRalkonteqsturi<br />

kulturis warmomadgenlebi saubroben Semoklebul enaze, xolo <strong>da</strong>bal<br />

konteqsturi kulturisa_ gafarToebulze. maRalkonteqsturi kulturis<br />

magaliTad SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vasaxeloT Cinuri ena, aucilebelia vicodeT<br />

qveteqsti, vicnobdeT cnobili pirovnebebisa <strong>da</strong> CineTis istorias.<br />

agreTve un<strong>da</strong> vicodeT warmoTqmis sistema, romelSic 4 tonia. Tanac<br />

tonis Secvla cvlis mniSvnelobas. gamonaTqvamis azris gageba<br />

SeuZlebelia, Tu CvenTvis ucnobia adresatis socialuri statusi. saqme<br />

isaa, rom Cinur enaSi (iseve rogorc bevr sxva aziur enaSi)<br />

mosaubresTan <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba ganisazRvreba a<strong>da</strong>mianis socialuri<br />

mdgomareobiT. es xdeba e.w. sapatio <strong>da</strong> Seuracxmyofeli sityvebis<br />

meSveobiT. ase magaliTad, amerikelebi gaurbian qcevis formalur kodebs,<br />

titulebs, sxvebTan urTierTobisas Tayvaniscemasa <strong>da</strong> ritualebs. isini<br />

upiratesobas aniWeben imas, rom mosaubres saxeliT mimarTon, ar<br />

ganasxvaon sqesis gamo. iaponelebi ki formalobas did upiratesobas<br />

aniWeben. maS, ase: kulturebi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. <strong>da</strong>savleTSi<br />

metyveleba saubris konteqstisagan <strong>da</strong>moukideblad aRiqmeba, amitomac is<br />

105


SeiZleba ganvixiloT calke, socialuri konteqstis gareSe <strong>da</strong> piriqiT,<br />

aziur <strong>da</strong> aRmosavlur kulturaSi, romelTaTvisac konteqsts didi<br />

mniSvneloba aqvs, sityvebi iTvleba mTlianad komunikaciuri konteqstis<br />

Semadgenel nawilad, romelSic CarTulia agreTve urTierTobis<br />

monawileTa piradi xasiaTebi <strong>da</strong> maTi pirovnebaTSorisi urTierTobani,<br />

amrigad, aseT kulturaSi <strong>verbaluri</strong> gamonaTqvamebi mWidrod ukavSirdeba<br />

eTikas, politikasa <strong>da</strong> socialur urTierTobebs.<br />

aziaSi xazgasmulia emociebisa <strong>da</strong> sakuTari Tavis kontroli. Ees<br />

gamoxatulia SemdegSi: mosaubrem maSin un<strong>da</strong> wamoiwyos saubari, Tuki<br />

raime mniSvnelovani aqvs saTqmeli, aqvs kargi gadmocemis unari,<br />

oratoris niWi <strong>da</strong> saubrisas ar gamoxatavs pirad emociebs, Aamitomac<br />

ZiriTadi aqcenti aziur kulturaSi keTdeba zepirsityvierebis mowyobis<br />

teqnikaze, maTi warmoqmnis maneraze <strong>da</strong>dgenili sazogadoebrivi<br />

urTierTobis Sesabamisad, romlebSic pirovnebaTa mier sazogadoebaSi<br />

gansakuTrebuli adgiliT ganisazRvreba. amasTanaa <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli aziur<br />

kulturaSi sityvisadmi tradiciuli undobloba, <strong>da</strong>savleTisagan<br />

gansxvavebiT, sa<strong>da</strong>c yovelTvis swam<strong>da</strong>T sityvis Zala.<br />

Aaziuri <strong>da</strong> aRmosavluri kulturis xalxebi did yuradRebas<br />

aqceven mkacr manerebsa <strong>da</strong> etikets. sityvisadmi frTxili <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />

aziur kulturaSi imaSi gamoixateba, rom azielebi nebismier situaciaSi<br />

crdiloben iyvnen TavSekavebulni. win<strong>da</strong>xeduleba xSirad ufro<br />

mniSvnelovania, vidre simarTle.<br />

rogorc krasnixi wers, situaciurad ganpirobebuli <strong>da</strong> konteqstze<br />

orientirebuli kulturebisTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia arakonkretuloba<br />

komunikaciis procesSi, rac imas niSnavs, rom mosaubre Tavs aridebs<br />

metyvelebis procesSi kategoriulobas. Mmas magaliTisaTvis mohyavs<br />

iaponuri kultura, romlisTvisac miuRebelia pir<strong>da</strong>piri SekiTxvebis <strong>da</strong><br />

pasuxebis gamoyeneba komunikaciis procesSi.<br />

analogiuri situacia gvaqvs qarTul enaSic. qarTul kulturaSi<br />

pir<strong>da</strong>pir gacemuli pasuxebi garkveul uxerxulobas qmnis. magaliTad,<br />

komunikaciis procesSi mosaubre yovelTvis cdilobs Tavi aaridos uaris<br />

gamomxatvel pir<strong>da</strong>pir formas ”ara”, am dros is eZebs gamosavals<br />

106


Secvalos “ara” sxva sityvebiT, anu iwyebs mobodiSebas, axsnas, uaris<br />

Tqmis gamomwvevi mizezebis <strong>da</strong>konkretebas, argumentebis moyvanas <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

xuTi Tve gavi<strong>da</strong>. zamTari iyo. Qqalaqi<strong>da</strong>n brundebo<strong>da</strong> filipe.<br />

arCilis WiSkarze un<strong>da</strong> Camoevlo. arCilma Tvali mohkra aivni<strong>da</strong>n mimaval<br />

filipes <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>uZaxa:<br />

wabrZandio.<br />

_ mobrZandi, xili ixile, Crdili iCrdile, buxarze gaTbi <strong>da</strong> mere<br />

Ffilipebac cota gaipatiJa Tavi, magram uar-uarobiT Camovi<strong>da</strong><br />

ezoSi, Camoxta, jori bias miaba <strong>da</strong> saxlSi Sevi<strong>da</strong>... (lorTqifaniZe<br />

2010:26).<br />

maSin, roca aSS-s mcxovrebi TavianT azrs gamoxataven ufro<br />

pir<strong>da</strong>pir, naTlad <strong>da</strong> zustad. Ppirovnuli urTierTobebisas cdiloben<br />

gverdi auaron gaCumebas, amboben imas, rasac fiqroben. Eevropuli<br />

kulturebis umravlesobas, romelTaTvis konteqsti arc ise mTavaria<br />

(franguli, inglisuri, germanuli), Aaqvs msgavsi kulturuli tradiciebi.<br />

es kulturebi uaRresad iwoneben maT, vinc azrsa <strong>da</strong> grZnobebs zustad,<br />

naTlad <strong>da</strong> ubralod gadmoscemen.<br />

ramdena<strong>da</strong>c ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebi atarebs Zalian did emociur<br />

<strong>da</strong>tvirTvas, aRmosavleTSi maTi ena ufro normirebulia, rac saSualebas<br />

iZleva, rom es kultura ganxilul iqnes, rogorc “arakontaqturi”.<br />

arakontaqtur kulturas ASeiZleba miekuTvnon skandinavielebi <strong>da</strong><br />

CrdiloeT evropaSi mcxovrebi sxva xalxebi, agreTve indoeTis <strong>da</strong><br />

pakistanis mosaxleoba, sa<strong>da</strong>c a<strong>da</strong>mianis, gansakuTrebiT ucnobis, jiqur<br />

<strong>da</strong>Tvaliereba aseve miuReblad iTvleba.<br />

<strong>da</strong>savluri kultura, iseve rogorc qarTuli kultura piriqiT,<br />

gulisxmobs gaxsnilobas, FfarTo Jestikulacias (samxruli forma ufro<br />

metad, vidre Crdilouri) <strong>da</strong> miekuTvneba mxedvelobiTi kontaqtis<br />

kulturebs. espanelebTan, portugalielebTan, italielebTan,<br />

laTinoamerikelebTan urTierTobaSi mzeras gacilebiT didi mniSvneloba<br />

aqvs. QqarTuli kulturisaTvisac mxedvelobiT kontaqts aseve aqvs<br />

maRali komunikatoruli <strong>da</strong> eTikuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTva, rac warmoadgens ndobis<br />

maCvenebels (“TvalebSi simarTlis Zebna”).<br />

107


Ggar<strong>da</strong> amisa, kontaqtur kulturaTa warmomadgenlebis saubris<br />

dros erTmaneTTan axlos dganan <strong>da</strong> xSirad exebian erTmaneTs.Aase<br />

magaliTad, Sua <strong>da</strong> CrdiloeT evropis mcxovrebTaTvis saubris normalur<br />

distancias Seadgens saSualod erTi metri, samxreTelebisaTvis ki<br />

normad iTvleba naklebi manZili. restoranSi magi<strong>da</strong>sTan mjdomi wyvili<br />

parizSi erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi saSualod 110- mde exeba, londonSi<br />

_arcerTjer, jeksonvilSi (aSS) _<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 8-mde, romSi _ 130-mde.<br />

gavixsenoT italiuri konofilmebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rwmundebiT, rom maTi<br />

temperamentiani personaJebi saubrisas TiTqmis mWidrod exebian<br />

erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong> amasTan ar <strong>da</strong>uweven xmas.<br />

saerTod, amerikuli kulturis didi kontaqturoba, Cveni azriT,<br />

SeiZleba aixsnas azrovnebis pozitiurobiT, TavisTavSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>rwmunebulobiT, imis warmodgeniT, rom SeuZliaT moimoqmedon raime<br />

socialurad mosawoni. piriqiT, qarTvel a<strong>da</strong>mins xSirad aqvs raime cudis<br />

molodini, winaswar ganc<strong>da</strong>. ase, magaliTad, qarTvelebisaTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>maxasiTebel kiTxvaze rogoraa saqmeebi? Aamerikeli pasuxobs fine,<br />

mSvenivrad, qarTveli _ normalurad, ara uSavs, arc ise cu<strong>da</strong>d.<br />

cxadia, rom im a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan Cveni urTierToba, romlebic sxva enaze<br />

laparakoben <strong>da</strong> <strong>verbaluri</strong> qcevebis gansxvavebul sistemebs iyeneben,<br />

advilad SeiZleba migviyvanos gaugebrobasTan an mc<strong>da</strong>r SexedulebebTan,<br />

Tu Cven vifiqrebT, rom maTi urTierTobis <strong>verbaluri</strong> sistema Cvensas<br />

emTxveva.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis zogierT norma saerToerovnuli an<br />

eTnikuria. evropaSi misalmebisas xels arTmeven, indoeTSi ki orive xels<br />

mkerdTan miitanen <strong>da</strong> odnav ixrebian, koreelebi misalmebisas orive xels<br />

iqneven, qalebi ki msubuqad xrian Tavs. filipinelebi erTmaneTs Tvalis<br />

xamxamiT esalmebian. amgvari misalmebis forma miuTebelia <strong>da</strong>savluri<br />

kulturisaTvis.<br />

mraval situaciaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturis warmomadgenelTan<br />

kontaqtisas yalibdeba warmodgena, TiTqos a<strong>da</strong>mianebi arabunebrivad<br />

iqcevian. YTu amerikeli sakuTar Tavze laparakobs saCvenebeli TiTiT<br />

sakuTar mkerdze miiniSnebs, es ki iaponelebs ucnaur Jestad miaCniaT,<br />

maSin roca, aseT SemTxvevaSi isini Tavis cxvirs exebian. Cinelebi dResac<br />

108


gaurbian ucnobebTan kontaqts, maTTvis magrad xelis CamorTmeva iseve<br />

miuRebelia, rogorc evropelisa <strong>da</strong> amerikelisaTvis mxarze xelis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rtyma, rac niSnavs - janmrTelad iyavi.<br />

rodesac frangi, germaneli an italieli raime ideas sisuleded<br />

Tvlis, is gamomsaxvelad ikakunebs Tavze, xolo Tu germaneli gaSlil<br />

xelisguls miirtyvams Sublze, es Tavisi mniSvnelobiT tolia<br />

wamoZaxilisa: Sen SeiSale! gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, germanelebs, iseve rogorc<br />

frangebsa <strong>da</strong> italielebs, axasiaTebT saCvenebeli TiTiT TavTan<br />

spiralis moxazva, rac niSnavs uazro idea... piriqiT, roca ingliseli an<br />

espaneli ikakunebs Sublze, yvelasTvis gasagebia, rom is kmayofilia, <strong>da</strong><br />

amasTan, ara vinmeTi, aramed sakuTari TaviT. rodesac holandeli<br />

ikakunebs Sublze <strong>da</strong> am dros saCvenebel TiTs zeviT swevs, es niSnavs,<br />

rom man Rirseulad ASeafasa Tanamosaubris goneba, roca frangs surs<br />

raimes <strong>da</strong>zusteba, is aerTebs sami TiTis <strong>da</strong>boloebebs, miitans tuCebTan,<br />

maRla aswevs nikaps, agzavnis haerovan kocnas. Aamgvari Jesti qarTul<br />

kulturaSi niSnavs Sen genacvale, an raimes mowonebis SemTxvevaSi<br />

vxmarobT. magram roca frangi saCvenebeli TiTiT iwmends cxviris Zirs,<br />

is iZleva gafrTxilebas: aq mTlad wmin<strong>da</strong>d ar aris saqme, frTxilad,<br />

viRacis ndoba ar SeiZleba. Ees Jesti Zalian axlosaa italielebis<br />

saCvenebeli TiTiT cxvirze <strong>da</strong>kakunebasTan <strong>da</strong> aRniSnavs win saSiSroebaa,<br />

frTxilad. holandiaSi am Jests sxva mniSvneloba aqvs _ Sen mTvrali<br />

xar, inglisSi niSnavs konfidencialobas, saidumlos. ga<strong>da</strong>jvaredinebuli<br />

TiTebi axali welTaRricxvis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi pirvel qristianTa Soris<br />

warmoiSva. igi farulad jvarsgamosaxav <strong>da</strong> morwmuneebisaTvis is<br />

urTierTSecnobis saSualebas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>. dRes am Jestma sxva<br />

mniSvneloba SeiZina, kerZod, inglissa <strong>da</strong> aSS-Si igi aRniSnavs: misurve<br />

warmateba, saberZneTSi _ me Seni megobari aRar var, TurqeTSi _<br />

urTierTobis gawyvetis moaxloebas, xolo paragvaiSi _ Seuracxyofas.<br />

Ees Jesti, odnav modificirebuli formiT, saxeldobr, saCvenebeli <strong>da</strong><br />

Sua TiTebis SeerTebiT, egvipteSi gulisxmobs aseT SekiTxvas: xom ar<br />

gsurT CemTan <strong>da</strong>wola? TiTebis moZraobas aqeT-iqeT aqvs bevri<br />

gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba, italiaSi, safrangeTsa <strong>da</strong> fineTSi is<br />

SeiZleba niSnavdes msubuq gansjas, muqaras an mowodebas naTqvamis<br />

109


mosmenisaken. Hholandiasa <strong>da</strong> safrangeTSi aseTi Jesti ubralod uars<br />

niSnavs. Tu Jests azris gamoTqmas axlavs, maSin saCvenebel TiTs iqneven<br />

aqeT-iqiT TavTan axlos.<br />

TiTebis moZraobas aqeT-iqiT aqvs bevri gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba.<br />

italiaSi, safrangeTsa <strong>da</strong> fineTSi is SeiZleba niSnavdes msubuq gansjas,<br />

muqaras, an mowonebas naTqvamis mosmenisaken.Hholandiasa <strong>da</strong> safrangeTSi<br />

aseTi Jesti ubralod uars niSnavs. Tu Jests azris gamoTqmac axlavs,<br />

maSin saCvenebel TiTs iqneven aqeT-iqiT TavTan axlos.<br />

Aa<strong>da</strong>mianur Tvisebebsa <strong>da</strong> cxovrebiseul movlenebze sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

kulturis gansxvavebuli, zogjer radikaluri Sexedulebebi, maT<br />

urTierTobaSi mniSvnelovan winaaRmdegobebs qmnis, rac individebis<br />

qcevaze, <strong>da</strong> bunebrivia, etiketzec garkveul gavlenas axdens.<br />

Eetiketis upirvelesi wesia misalmeba, Tumca sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xalxi<br />

gansxvavebulad esalmeba erTmaneTs. qarTvelebi Cveulebriv esalmebian<br />

rogorc wesi, gamoTqmebiT: dila mSvidobisa, gamarjoba, saRamo<br />

mSvidobisa <strong>da</strong> a.S. Zvel droSi Cinelebi, monRolebi <strong>da</strong> egviptelebi<br />

Semxvedrs ase ekiTxebodnen: dRes WameT? Aan Tqveni saqoneli<br />

janmrTelia?<br />

Mmisalmebis dros moZraoba <strong>da</strong> Jestebi kidev ufro<br />

mravalferovania.<br />

magaliTad: qarTvelebi, amerikelebi, ingliselebi, zoga<strong>da</strong>d<br />

evropelebi, misalmebis Jestad xelis CamorTmevas iyeneben,<br />

laTinoamerikelebi erTmaneTs exvevian, frangebi loyaze kocnian,<br />

samoelebi ynosaven, pilipinelebi Tvalis xamxamiT esalmebian, iaponelebi<br />

Tavs xrian. indoelTa mraval tomSi ucnobis xilvisas dRemde<br />

SenarCunebulia Cacucquli jdoma, sanam is ar miuaxlovdeba <strong>da</strong> ar<br />

SeamCnevs am “mSvidobismoyvare” pozas, am dros fexsacmelsac ixdian.<br />

tibetelebi misalmebisas marjvena xeliT ixdian Tavsaburavs, marcxena<br />

xeliT yurs ifaraven <strong>da</strong> kidev, enas gamoyofen.<br />

Mmiuxe<strong>da</strong>vad aseTi mravalferovnebisa, yoveli misalmeba, rogorc<br />

wesi, Tavis msubuqi <strong>da</strong>xriT, moRimari saxiT, sasiamovno gamoxedviT,<br />

xelis CamorTmeviTa <strong>da</strong> sxvaTa TanxlebiT sruldeba. Yyvelaferi<br />

situaciasa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianTa Soris urTierTobis donezea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli.<br />

110


saubris <strong>da</strong>wyebamde misalmebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa<br />

xelis CamorTmeva. miRebulia, rom mamakacma xelis CamosarTmelad<br />

aucileblad un<strong>da</strong> waiZros xelTaTmani Tu Sexvedra xdeba zamTarSi<br />

quCaSi. Aam Jestis warmoqmna <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia imis CvenebasTan, rom xeli<br />

uiaraRoa. AmasTan xelis CamorTmevis dros jer kacs arTmeven xels<br />

Semdeg ki - qals.<br />

- gadmovi<strong>da</strong> Ceqmebiani mZRoli, jer gias gauwo<strong>da</strong> xmeli, civi xeli,<br />

mere Tinas (inaniSvili 2010:30).<br />

Aamrigad, misalmebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva variantis fsiqologuri<br />

mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba urTierTobis pirvelsave<br />

wuTebSi ganvWritoT misi Semdgomi ganviTareba <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, sapasuxo<br />

moqmedebis im varianti SerCeva, romelic yvelaze metad Seesatyviseba<br />

Tanamosaubris ganzraxvebs urTierTobis konkretul situaciaSi.<br />

<strong>da</strong>savlur civilizaciaTa UumetesobaSi, roca dgas marjvena <strong>da</strong><br />

marcxena xelis rolis sakiTxi, arcerT maTgans ar eZleva upiratesoba<br />

(gar<strong>da</strong>, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, tradiciuli xelis CamorTmevisa marjvena xeliT).<br />

mxolod axlo aRmosavleTSi, iseve rogorc sxva islamur<br />

saxelmwifoebSi, rogoricaa quveiti, siria an malaizia, ar SeiZleba<br />

vinmesTvis sakvebis, fulis an saCuqris miwodeba marcxena xeliT. iq mas<br />

usufTao xelad miCneven.<br />

Tuki magaliTad, qarTveli iseve rogorc amerikeli maRaziaSi<br />

raimeze xeliT miuTiTebs, filipinebSi_xelis miTiTebis nacvlad TvaliT<br />

uTiTeben, xolo taivansa <strong>da</strong> CineTSi misalmebisas gamoiyeneba gaSlili<br />

xeli. taivanSi ar sweven zeviT saCvenebel TiTs_is mxolod cxovelebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxmobad (cxovelebTan) ixmareba.<br />

aziur <strong>da</strong> aRmosavlur kulturaSi Cveulebrivi movlenaa, roca<br />

quCaSi ori mamakaci xelixelCakidebuli <strong>da</strong>seirnobs, es ubralo<br />

megobrobis gamoxatulebaa, rac miuRebelia amerikelebisTvis, amerikaSi<br />

is negatiurad iTvleba: aseT a<strong>da</strong>mianebs homoseqsualebad aRiqvamen.<br />

amasTan erTad, yvela xalxisa <strong>da</strong> kulturebis warmomadgenlebSi<br />

SeimCneva saerTo niSnebic. saerToa – mimikuri gamoxatuleba emociisa:<br />

sixarulis <strong>da</strong> gaocebis, naRvelisa <strong>da</strong> risxvis, <strong>da</strong>interesebulobisa <strong>da</strong><br />

SiSis. Amas yuradReba miaqcies mezRvaurebma, Soreuli miwebis<br />

111


aRmomCenebma. Yyvela mxareSi aborigenebi, romlebic ar icnobdnen<br />

TeTrkanianTa mimikebs, momxvdurebs xvdebodnen RimiliT an agresiuli<br />

grimasebiT _ TavianTi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis Sesabamisad, <strong>da</strong> es<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba pirveli SexedvisTanave, usityvod iyo gasagebi.<br />

ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, mimikur gamoxatulebebSic arsebobs garkveuli<br />

kulturuli gansxvavebebi. magaliTad, Cinelebs amerikel turistebTan<br />

pirveli Sexvedrisas uCndebo<strong>da</strong>T gakvirvebis grZnoba, Tu ris gamo<br />

brazobdnen ganuwyvetliv maTi stumrebi. saqme isaa, rom CineTSi aweuli<br />

warbebi risxvis niSania, maSin, roca amerikelebi adgilobrivi<br />

RirsSesaniSnaobebis naxvisas aRfrTovanebas gamoxataven maTTvis Cveuli<br />

maneriT warbebis zeviT aweviT. Ggermanelebi zeviT sweven warbebs vinmes<br />

ideiT gamowveuli aRrfTovanebis niSnad. qarTul kulturaSi warbebis<br />

aweva gaocebis, gakvirvebis, xSirad gabrazebis gamomxatvelic ki aris.<br />

moviyvanoT nawyveti qarTuli moTxrobi<strong>da</strong>n “bukinistebis saZmo”:<br />

vitrinaze viRac mikakunebs. maisaZea, aferisti, maniSnebs gareT<br />

gamodio. cali warbi maRla auqaCavs, _ raRacaSia saqme! rogor gavide,<br />

Tengo ar aris.<br />

Sen Semodi-meTqi.<br />

gamodi, gamodio! _ im warbs kidev ufro maRla qaCavs (SataiZe<br />

2010:182). aseTnair qcevas inglisSi gaigeben skepticizmad. Tavis mxriv,<br />

<strong>da</strong>savleli vizitorebi aRmosavleTis xalxs orpirebad aRiqvamen,<br />

ramdena<strong>da</strong>c maTi saxi<strong>da</strong>n arasodes ar qreba Rimili maSinac ki, roca<br />

urTierToba Aarafer sasiamovnos ar gulisxmobs.<br />

amrigad, Jestebis gamoyenebisas didi sifrTxilea saWiro, rameTu<br />

erTi <strong>da</strong> igive Jesti SesaZloa sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva intepretaciis mqone iyos<br />

kulturaTa gamsxvavebul tipebSi. am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs<br />

araverbalur semiotikaSi e.w. Jestebis universalizmis problemasTan.<br />

bolo wlebSi didi yuradReba eqceva Jestebis mravalferovnebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />

<strong>da</strong>niSnulebis Seswavlas, rameTu Jestebis intepretacia cvalebadia<br />

kulturi<strong>da</strong>n kulturaSi. marTalia, arsebobs Jestebi, romlebic<br />

universalur xasiaTs atareben yvela kulturaSi, magram arsebobs<br />

iseTebic, romlebic unikaluria mxolod romelime konkretuli<br />

enisaTvis.<br />

112


kulturis gansxvavebul tipebSi Jestebis rolisa <strong>da</strong> gansazRvris<br />

mizniT Cven gavecaniT sakmaod saintereso <strong>da</strong> mravalferovan<br />

literaturas.<br />

“O.K”-is mniSvneloba karga<strong>da</strong>a cnobili yvela inglisurenovan<br />

qveyanaSi. agreTve evropasa <strong>da</strong> aziaSi. zogierT qveyanaSi ki mas sruliad<br />

gansxvavebuli warmoSoba <strong>da</strong> mniSvneloba aqvs. magaliTad, safrangeTSi<br />

igi aRniSnavs “nuls”, “arafers”, iaponiaSi _ “fuls”, xolo xmelTaSua<br />

zRvis auzis qveynebSi es Jesti gamoiyeneba mamakacTa homoseqsualobis<br />

aRsaniSnavad, amitom sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveynebSi mogzauroba un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>eqvamdebaros wess “sa<strong>da</strong>c waxval, iqauri qudi <strong>da</strong>ixure (“Когда вы в Риме,<br />

делайте то же, что и все Римляне” _ sakuTari wesebiT sxvis monasterSi ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>dian) raTa Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aviciloT SesaZlo uxerxuli situaciebi.<br />

magaliTad, amerikaSi, inglisSi, avstraliasa <strong>da</strong> axal zelandiaSi maRla<br />

aweul did TiTs sami mniSvneloba aqvs: Cveulebriv igi gzaSi “manqanis<br />

gasaCereblad” gamoiyeneba. meore mniSvneloba _ yvelaferi rigzea”, xolo<br />

roca didi TiTi mkveTrad amovardeba zeviT, es ucenzuro, ginebis<br />

aRmniSvneli, Seuracxyofis niSani xdeba. zogierT qveynebSi, magaliTad,<br />

saberZneTSi es Jesti aRniSnavs “xma Caigde, Caikminde”. amitomac<br />

warmovidginoT amerikelis mdgomareba, romelic am JestiT manqanis<br />

gaCerebas cdilobs.<br />

roca italielebi erTi<strong>da</strong>n xuTamde iTvlian es Jesti cifr “1”-s<br />

aRniSnavs, xolo saCvenebeli TiTi “2”. aseT SemTxvevaSi roca amerikelebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> ingliselebi iTvlian saCvenebeli TiTi “1” aRniSnavs, SuaTiTi “2”,<br />

xolo didi TiTi _ “5”-s.<br />

es niSan-Tvisebebi migviTiTeben imaze, Tu ra gaugebrobamde<br />

SeiZleba migviyvanos Jestebis arasworma ganmartebebma, mosaubreTa<br />

erovnuli Taviseburebebis gauTvaliswineblobam, amitom sanam raime<br />

<strong>da</strong>skvnebs gavakeTebdeT Jestebisa <strong>da</strong> sxeulis enis mniSvnelobaze,<br />

aucilebelia a<strong>da</strong>mianis erovnuli kuTvnileba gaviTvaliswinoT, an<br />

Tun<strong>da</strong>c “Tvalebis qceva” romelic sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvaa,<br />

romelTa ucodinrobam SeiZleba gaugebroba gamoiwvios. ase magaliTad,<br />

Tu aSS-Si TeTrkaniani maswavlebeli SeniSvnas aZlevs Savkanian<br />

students, romelic sapasuxod Tvalebs <strong>da</strong>bla xris, maswavlebeli<br />

113


SeiZleba ganrisxdes. saqme isaa, rom Savkanianebi aseT JestiT<br />

pativiscemas gamoxataven, xolo TeTrkanianebisaTvis pativiscemis<br />

gamoxatuleba pir<strong>da</strong>pir gamoxedvaa.<br />

Crdilo amerikelebisaTvis Tvalis Cakvra niSnavs flirts, msubuq<br />

gaarSiyebas. Tu nigerieli Tvals Caukravs Tavis Svilebs, es imas niSnavs,<br />

rom maT oTaxi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>tovon, xolo indoeTSi <strong>da</strong> tailandSi Tvalis<br />

Cakvra Seuracxyofaa. aseve tailandSi miuRebelia fexis fexze ga<strong>da</strong>deba,<br />

saqme isaa, rom tailandeli fexs sxeulis yvelaze arasasiamovno <strong>da</strong><br />

m<strong>da</strong>bal nawilad miiCnevs. Tu Crdiloamerikeli studenti ase <strong>da</strong>jdeba<br />

profesoris win, imitom rom misTvis asea moxerxebuli, afrikul <strong>da</strong><br />

aziur kulturaSi Uuzrdelobad <strong>da</strong> upativcemulobad CaTvli<strong>da</strong>.<br />

cnobilia aTasze meti sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis gamometyveleba, romlis<br />

miReba a<strong>da</strong>mians SeuZlia. rogorc kinesikis sxva elementebi, pozac<br />

gansxvavebulia, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturaSi, magaliTad: yvela <strong>da</strong>savleli zis<br />

skamze fexi fexze ga<strong>da</strong>debuli, magram Tu amerikeli tailandSia <strong>da</strong> ase<br />

<strong>da</strong>jdeba <strong>da</strong> fexebs tailandelisaken miwevs, tailandeli Tavs<br />

Seuracxyofilad <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mcirebulad igrZnobs. saqme isaa, rom tailandeli,<br />

iaponeli, Cineli fexs sxeulis yvelaze arasasiamovno <strong>da</strong> m<strong>da</strong>bal<br />

nawilad miiCnevs. amerikelisaTvis es Cveulebrivi Jestia. Tuki,<br />

magaliTad, amerikeli maRaziaSi raimeze xeliT miuTiTebs,<br />

filipinebSi_xelis miTiTebis nacvlad TvaliT uTiTeben, xolo taivansa<br />

<strong>da</strong> CineTSi misalmebisas gamoiyeneba gaSlili xeli. taivanSi ar sweven<br />

zeviT saCvenebel TiTs, is mxolod cxovelebis <strong>da</strong>saxmobad<br />

(cxovelebTan) ixmareba.<br />

yovelive zemoTqmuli Semdegi cxrilis saxiT SeiZleba<br />

warmovadginoT:<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong><br />

misalmeba amerikaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>savleTi aRmosavleTi qarTuli<br />

misalmebisas xels<br />

arTmeven<br />

erTimeores.<br />

aziaSi misalmeba Tavis<br />

<strong>da</strong>kvriT gamoixateba.<br />

qarTul kulturaSi<br />

xelis CamorTmeviT<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tavis <strong>da</strong>kvriT<br />

114


piradi sivrce/<br />

Sexeba<br />

TvalebiT<br />

kontaqti<br />

zoga<strong>da</strong>d<br />

Jestikulacia<br />

xelebis<br />

moZraoba<br />

D<strong>da</strong>savlelebi<br />

Cveulebriv<br />

saubrisas ar<br />

exebian erTimeores.<br />

<strong>da</strong>savleTSi<br />

saubrisas<br />

upiratesobas<br />

aniWeben<br />

distanciis <strong>da</strong>cvas.<br />

D<strong>da</strong>savlur<br />

qveynebSi TvalebiT<br />

kontaqts didi<br />

mniSvneloba<br />

eniWeba,<br />

amerikelebi ar<br />

endobian maT vinc<br />

TvalebSi ar<br />

ucqeris<br />

<strong>da</strong>savlelebi<br />

gamoirCevian<br />

JestikulaciiT,<br />

xSirad saubris<br />

nacvlad mimarTaven<br />

Jestikulacias.<br />

gansakuTrebiT<br />

xelis, Tavis<br />

moZraobebs.<br />

amerikaSi golis<br />

gatanis dros,<br />

gamarjvebis,<br />

mogebisas xelebs<br />

zemoT sweven.<br />

aRmosavleli xalxi<br />

Sexebazea<br />

orientirebuli. CineTSi<br />

saxalxo adgilebis<br />

simciris gamo,<br />

erTmaneTTan dganan<br />

axlos, vidre<br />

<strong>da</strong>savleTSi<br />

aRmosavlur kulturaSi<br />

upativcemulobad<br />

iTvleba a<strong>da</strong>mianze<br />

<strong>da</strong>Jinebuli cqera,<br />

indoeTsa <strong>da</strong> tailandSi<br />

Tvalis Cakvra<br />

Seuracxyofaa.<br />

Jestikulacia<br />

aRmosavlur kulturaSi<br />

ar aris miRebuli, isini<br />

cdiloben akontrolon<br />

Jestebi, Tavs arideben<br />

xelis moZraobebs.<br />

aRmosavleTSi, kerZod,<br />

pakistanSi marcxena<br />

xelis<br />

demonstrirebisgan Tavs<br />

ikaveben.<br />

qarTuli kulturac<br />

SexebiT<br />

orientirebulia,<br />

saubris dros qar<br />

Tvelebi exebian<br />

erTimeores.<br />

iseve rogorc<br />

<strong>da</strong>savleTSi<br />

TvalebiT kontaqts<br />

udidesi<br />

mniSvneloba eniWeba<br />

msgavsad<br />

<strong>da</strong>savlelebisa<br />

qarTuli kulturac<br />

gamoirCeva maRali<br />

JestikulaciiT.<br />

qarTul<br />

kulturaSi xelis<br />

Jestebis gamoyenebas<br />

sakmaod farTo<br />

speqtri aqvs.<br />

115


saCvenebeli<br />

TiTi<br />

ok Jesti<br />

zeaweuli cera<br />

TiTi<br />

fexis fexze<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>deba<br />

Tu or saCvenebl<br />

TiTs erTmaneTs<br />

gavuxaxunebT, es<br />

niSnavs, rom ori<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

erTmaneTTan<br />

kargad Sewyobili<br />

wyvilia.<br />

roca amerikeli<br />

sakuTar Tavze<br />

saubrobs,<br />

saCvenebel TiTs<br />

mkerdTan miitans<br />

amerikaSi raimeze<br />

miTiTebis mizniT<br />

iyeneben saCvenebel<br />

TiTs<br />

niSnavs yvelaferi<br />

rigzea,<br />

evropaSi Zlieri<br />

mowonebis niSania.<br />

amerikaSi<br />

Cveulebriv<br />

miRebulia fexis<br />

fexze ga<strong>da</strong>deba<br />

1.igive Jesti iaponiaSi<br />

niSnavs rom Tqven<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>uWrel problemas<br />

SeejaxeT <strong>da</strong> mis Sesaxeb<br />

Tanamosaubres uyvebiT.<br />

2 roca iaponeli<br />

sakuTar Tavze saubrobs<br />

saCvenebeli TiTi<br />

cxvirTan miaqvs.<br />

3.aRmosavleTSi<br />

Seuracxmyofelia xeliT<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianze miTiTeba.<br />

filipinelebi xelis<br />

nacvlad raime saWiro<br />

nivTze Tvalebis<br />

xamxamiT mianiSneben.<br />

<strong>da</strong>savlelebis<br />

msgavsad qarTul<br />

kulturaSi Jestebs<br />

aniWeben<br />

upiratesobas<br />

iaponiaSi - fuls. niSnavs yvelaferi<br />

muslimanur qveynebSi ki<br />

es Jesti uxamsobad<br />

iTvleba. zeaweuli cera<br />

TiTis brunviTi<br />

moZraoba saudis<br />

arabeTSi niSnavs aqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />

<strong>da</strong>ikarge.<br />

tailandSi msgavsi<br />

Jesti miuRebelia, saqme<br />

imaSia, rom<br />

tailandelisaTvis,<br />

iseve rogorc bevri<br />

rigzea<br />

mowonebas, kargad<br />

yofnas gamoxatavs.<br />

qarTul kulturaSi<br />

ki fexis fexze<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>deba<br />

asocirdeba<br />

upativcemulobasTan<br />

116


stvena amerikaSi lamazi<br />

qalis <strong>da</strong>naxvisas,<br />

matCis msvlelobis<br />

dros, <strong>da</strong><br />

warmodgenis<br />

<strong>da</strong>wyebis win<br />

stvenen. stvena<br />

aseve yuradRebis<br />

misaqceva<strong>da</strong>c<br />

gamoiyeneba.<br />

sicili yvela <strong>da</strong>savlur<br />

qveyanaSi<br />

asocirdeba<br />

sixarulTan <strong>da</strong><br />

xumrobasTan<br />

sxva aRmosavluri<br />

kulturis<br />

warmomadgenlisaTvis<br />

fexi, sxeulis yvelaze<br />

m<strong>da</strong>bali nawilia<br />

msgavsi moqceva<br />

aRmosavleTSi yovlad<br />

miuRebelia.<br />

iaponiaSi sicili<br />

morcxvobisa <strong>da</strong><br />

meryeobis maniSnebelia<br />

<strong>da</strong> uzrdelobasTan<br />

msgavsad <strong>da</strong>savluri<br />

kulturisa F<br />

iseve rogorc<br />

<strong>da</strong>savlur<br />

kulturaSi, sicili<br />

<strong>da</strong>debiTi emociis<br />

matarebelia<br />

e.m vereSaginisa <strong>da</strong> v.g.kostomarovis wignSi “ena <strong>da</strong> kultura” mTeli<br />

Tavi eZRvneba “munj” enebs. masSi Jestur-mimikuri komunikaciuri niSnebi<br />

aRwerilia ucxoelebisTvis rusuli enis swavlebis meTodikis<br />

Tvalsazrisi<strong>da</strong>n, romlebmac sityvier enasTan erTad un<strong>da</strong> Seiswavlon<br />

Jestebis enac. Jestebis erovnuli Taviseburebebis ucodinrobis gamo<br />

SeiZleba aRmovCndeT iseT mdgomareobaSi, rogoric aRwerilia avtorebis<br />

mier:<br />

rusuli enis kursebis Sved staJiors sur<strong>da</strong> manqaniT gamgzavreba<br />

abramcevi<strong>da</strong>n moskovSi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dga gzadkecilze muStad Sekruli xelis<br />

zemoT aweuli didi TiTiT. Tu <strong>da</strong>savleT evropis qveynebSi am JestiT<br />

iTxoven <strong>da</strong>mgzavrebas, rusul kulturaSi igi aRniSnavs mowonebas, amitom<br />

mZRolebi gakvirvebiT SeaTvalierebdnen “Serekils” <strong>da</strong> midiodnen.<br />

117


imisTvis, raTa Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aviciloT msvavsi kuriozebi, ama Tu im<br />

ucxo enis Seswavlisas yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> mivaqcioT ara mxolod frazebis<br />

swor gramatikul agebas <strong>da</strong> warmoTqmas, aramed qveynis ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

kulturisa <strong>da</strong> istoriis Seswavlas.<br />

amrigad, sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi Cven TviT cxovrebis wesiT,<br />

CveulebebiT, ritualebiT mudmivad “vesaubrebiT” erTmaneTs.<br />

rogorc vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis urTierTmimarTebis<br />

sakiTxSi mTavari faqtori kulturologiuri fenomenia.<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, kinesikuri elementebis struqturis, semantikisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> pragmatikis TaviseburebaTa ganmapirobebel faqtorad upirveles<br />

yovlisa, un<strong>da</strong> miviCnioT erovnuli xasiaTi, eris kulturis specifika,<br />

istoriulad gamomuSavebuli sociokulturuli Rirebulebani, etiketis<br />

normebi <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />

Aamitom, sanam raime <strong>da</strong>skvnebs gavakeTebdeT, Jestebisa <strong>da</strong> sxeulis<br />

enis mniSvnelobaze, aucilebelia a<strong>da</strong>mianis erovnuli kuTvnileba<br />

gaviTvaliswinoT.<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, Cveni SexedulebiT, marTebulia mocemul<br />

kulturaSi miRebuli Jestebis <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis winaswar Seswavla. Tu ara<br />

varT <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli, Tu rogor aRiqmeba Cven mier gamoyenebuli Jesti<br />

sxva kulturaSi, maSin umjobesia Tavi avaridoT mis gamoyenebas.<br />

enaTmecnierebaSi araverbalur <strong>komunikacia</strong>s mniSvnelovani adgili<br />

uWiravs. maTi meSveobiT SesaZlebeli xdeba enis leqsikuri fondis<br />

gamdidreba. agreTve am enobriv erTeulebSi airekleba eris erovnuli <strong>da</strong><br />

socialuri Taviseburebani <strong>da</strong> vlindeba am eris kulturac, ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

niSnebiT gadmoicema a<strong>da</strong>mianis realuri gancdebi.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> <strong>komunikacia</strong> rTuli enobrivi erTeulebiT<br />

gamoixateba. enis gamomxatvel saSualebaTa Soris gansakuTrebuli<br />

adgili ukavia araverbalur erTeulebs, masSi SemWidroebuli saxiT<br />

gadmoicema grZnobebis, emociebisa <strong>da</strong> azrebis rTuli kompleqsi, Aamitom<br />

isini <strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis ganuyofel <strong>da</strong> umTavres nawilad SeiZleba<br />

miviCnioT.<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebi, romlebic a<strong>da</strong>mianTa yoveldRiuri,<br />

Cveulebrivi yofis pirobebSi iqmneba rogorc gare samyarosTan<br />

118


<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel niSan-TvisebaTa, mimarTebaTa gadmocemis Sedegi, Zalze<br />

saintereso <strong>da</strong> mravalferovania. Kkomunikaciur aqtSi maTi srulfasovani<br />

monawileobisaTvs adresati <strong>da</strong> adresantic un<strong>da</strong> flobdes kulturul <strong>da</strong><br />

enobriv kods, rac iZleva ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebis amocnobis, Semdeg ki<br />

misi mniSvnelobis gagebis, sworad gaSifvris <strong>da</strong> interpretaciis<br />

saSualebas.<br />

ena ar SeiZleba warmovidginoT erTxel <strong>da</strong> samu<strong>da</strong>mod gamzadebul<br />

masalad, romelic ar SeiZleba Seicvalos Tavisi arsis mixedviT. Eena<br />

aris raRac mudmivi, amasTan erTad yovel mocemul momentSi gar<strong>da</strong>mavali.<br />

ena aris moRvaweoba, moqmedeba, amitom misi gansazRvra SeiZleba iyos<br />

mxolod genetikuri. „mSobliuri ena mWidrod <strong>da</strong> mravalmxriv aris<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sazogadoebaSi a<strong>da</strong>mianis cxovrebis mraval mxaresTan. es<br />

debuleba samarTliania yvela xalxisa <strong>da</strong> yvela enis mimarT“ (gamyreliZe<br />

2003:461).<br />

rogorc ukve avRniSneT, mecnierebis mier <strong>da</strong>dgenilia, rom<br />

komunikaciis procesSi informaciis mxolod 35% gadmoicema enis<br />

meSveobiT. urTierTobis sxva araverbalur saSualebebs warmoadgens<br />

egreTwodebuli somaturi ena (soma – berZnulad “sxeuli) (aminovi,<br />

eriaSvili 2009: 141). Jestebis, pozebis mimikis, saxis gamomxatveli ena,<br />

romelic aqtiurad erTveba informaciis gadmocemaSi.<br />

Kkomunikaciis araverbalur saSualebebs, romlebic istoriulad<br />

verbalurze adre gaCn<strong>da</strong>, gaaCniaT adresatze Zlieri zemoqmedebis unari<br />

maTi meSveobiT SesaZlebelia zogjer iseTi informaciis gadmocema,<br />

romelTa gamoxatvac Znelia an raime mizezTa gamo uxerxulia sityvebiT.<br />

amitom ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> qceva aranakleb mniSvnelovania, vidre<br />

warmoTqmuli sityvebi. Jestebis ena calsaxad internacionaluria<br />

mxolod aRweriTi Jestebis (asanTis anTeba, piris gaparsva <strong>da</strong> a.S.)<br />

farglebSi, magram ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d „<strong>komunikacia</strong> Jestebis meSveobiT iseTive<br />

nacionaluri fenomenia, rogorc <strong>verbaluri</strong> enebi“ (Верещагин, Костомаров<br />

1983:196).<br />

Aamas ganapirobebs somaturi enis ormagi buneba, erTi mxriv,<br />

biologiuri Tan<strong>da</strong>yolili (uneblie, gaucnobierebeli gamovlinebebi:<br />

gafiTreba, Tvalis gugis gafarToeba, <strong>da</strong> a.S.). <strong>da</strong> meore mxriv,<br />

119


socialuri, a<strong>da</strong>mianis mier socializaciis procesSi SeZenili<br />

(gacnobierebuli, gaazrebuli gamovlinebebi, Tavi (kefa) moifxana _<br />

problemebze <strong>da</strong>fiqrebisas. xelebs isress _siamovnebis, kmayofilebis<br />

gamoxatva).<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis aseTi ormagi buneba gansazRvravs<br />

rogorc universalur, yvelasaTvis gasagebi niSnebis, ise specifikuri<br />

signalebis arsebobas, romlebic mxolod erTi kulturis farglebSi<br />

gamoiyeneba. informaciis gadmocemis kulturiT ganpirobebuli<br />

ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebebi, romlebic simboloebs warmoadgenen, CvenTvis<br />

sainteresoa aramarto imitom, rom maTi codna aucilebelia<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong>Si warmatebuli monawileobisaTvis, aramed pirvel rigSi<br />

imitom, rom araverbalur enas gaaCnia myari <strong>verbaluri</strong> aRwera.<br />

pragmatuli TvalsazrisiT somaturi erTeulebi aRweren,<br />

magaliTad mimikas an sxeulis moZraobas, magram proeqciuli<br />

TvalsazrisiT isini asaxaven emociebisa <strong>da</strong> fsiqikuri mdgomareobis<br />

garegnul gamovlinebas, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, maT semantikaSi devs<br />

a<strong>da</strong>minis sulier mdgomareobaze miniSnebis Cveuli normebi misi<br />

grZnobebis, ganzraxvaTa, gancdebis provocirebis gziT maT garegnul<br />

gamovlinebebze.<br />

magaliTad: SavadSeyrili warbebi (gabrazeba);<br />

Tvali hki<strong>da</strong> (Sexe<strong>da</strong>);<br />

Wruta Tvalebi (cbieri mzera);<br />

iqednuri Rimili (<strong>da</strong>mcinavi, ironiuli).<br />

Cven mier Seswavlili ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebi aRweren a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

mravalferovan grZnobebs, fsiqikur mdgomareobebs, azrebs, qcevas, misi<br />

garegnobisa <strong>da</strong> xasiaTis Taviseburebebs <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

Cveni kvlevis Sedegad <strong>da</strong> empiriul masalaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT<br />

gamovlin<strong>da</strong>, rom ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebi qarTul enaSi mravalricxovan<br />

jgufs Seadgens. gansakuTrebuli sixSiriT xasiaTdeba TvalebiT<br />

kontaqti, mas aqtiurobis mixedviT mosdevs xelis, Tavis Jestebi,<br />

warbebis, tuCebis moZraoba, Rimili, mimika.<br />

ganvixiloT araverbalur <strong>komunikacia</strong>Si gansakuTrebuli sixSiris<br />

mqone sxeulis aRmniSvneli zogierTi erTeulis konotaciebi.<br />

120


Tvalebi simbolurad iZenen informaciis miRebis, maTi utyuarobis<br />

mniSvnelobas, amitomacaa qarTul realobaSi Tvalebs udides<br />

mniSvnelobas aniWeben, maTi meSveobiT Seicnoba simarTle, a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

zraxvebi <strong>da</strong> miswrafebebi, amitomac xSirad gvsmenia Semdegi fraza:<br />

„TvalebSi amovikiTxeo“<br />

maxvili Tvali _ Tvalebi auxila raRacaze.<br />

Tvalebi agreTve emociisa <strong>da</strong> grZnobis gamomxatveli mniSvnelobis<br />

organoa, amitom es komponenti gvxdeba sakmaod didi raodenobiT qarTul<br />

literaturaSi, realobaSi, romlebic a<strong>da</strong>mianis emociur mdgomareobas,<br />

masSi momx<strong>da</strong>r cvlilebebs asaxaven.<br />

magaliTad gakvirvebis gamomxatveli Jestebi Cans gamoTqmebSi:<br />

Tvalebis gadmokarkvla; Tvalebs uprawavs; Tvalebi aenTo; Tvalebi<br />

zed <strong>da</strong>rCa; <strong>da</strong>Wyetili Tvalebi.<br />

Surisa <strong>da</strong> arakeTilmosurneobis: QWruta Tvalebi; boroti mzera;<br />

Tvalebis yalbi cimcimi; mzakvroba ver <strong>da</strong>iWira im TvalebSi; <strong>da</strong>Zabuli<br />

mzeris simZafre; Tvali gveliviT civad gamoasriala.<br />

simorcxvis: Tvali ar gaumarTavs; SefarviT mzera; Sercxva<br />

garSemomyofebis <strong>da</strong> Tvalebze xeli aifara; idumali mzera; idumali<br />

Wvreta, Tvalebi <strong>da</strong>xara.<br />

muqaris: Tvalebs mikvesebs; jiqur Sexedva;<br />

siamovnebis: Tvalebis moxuWva; madliT savse Tvalebi guls<br />

xanCaliviT Semomayara.<br />

xelis Jestebi<br />

sinanulis gamomxatveli: xelis Caqneva; Sublze xelis Semortyma.<br />

ugunebobis, mRelvarebis: xelisguli <strong>da</strong>isva wveriT gajagrul<br />

nikapze; acaxcaxebuli xeli, xelis kankali; mRelvarebis <strong>da</strong>safarad<br />

saCixes margilebs mosWi<strong>da</strong> xelebi.<br />

gabrazebis: „maisaZes ro rame mouvides imis bavSvebs ra eSveleba?<br />

Mmagi<strong>da</strong>ze xelisguli <strong>da</strong>artya gogiam (SataiZe 2010:112).<br />

gaocebis gamomxatveli: xelisglebis Setrialeba-Semotrialeba;<br />

gaCumebis: tuCze xelis afareba;<br />

<strong>da</strong>sturis niSani: xelis Cartyma;<br />

simorcxvis, SiSis: Tvalebze xelis afareba;<br />

121


kmayofilebis Jesti: kefaze xelis Semowyoba;<br />

miniSnebis: TiTis gaSvera;<br />

misalmebis: xelis aweva;<br />

muqaris: muSti <strong>da</strong>arakuna tablaze;<br />

siamovnebis: xelebis fSvneta.<br />

saxis gamometyveleba<br />

gamtknarebuli saxe; saxe aumetyvel<strong>da</strong>; mikitnuri gamometyveleba;<br />

Cafiqrebuli saxe; moRuSuli, mdumare saxe; usiamod <strong>da</strong>ejrija saxis<br />

nakvTebi; saxeze mglisferi edo _ (gabraz<strong>da</strong>). kmayofili saxe; sastiki<br />

gamometyveleba; saco<strong>da</strong>vi gamometyveleba; saxe aelewa.<br />

Tanamedrove lingvistikis erT-erT wamyvan <strong>da</strong>rgad enis meSveobiT<br />

kulturis Seswavla iqca. l. elmslevi aRniSnavs: “ena, rogorc niSanTa<br />

sistema <strong>da</strong> myari warmonaqmni, warmoadgens a<strong>da</strong>mianis gonier <strong>da</strong> fsiqikur<br />

bunebaSi Cawvdomis gasaRebs. ena, rogorc zeindividualuri socialuri<br />

instituti, eris xasiaTs warmoaCens” (Ельмслев 1960:132), amitom<br />

lingvokulturologiaSi ena ganxilulia kulturasTan, a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

azrovnebasTan, fsiqikasTan <strong>da</strong> sulierebasTan mWidro kavSirSi. Eenisa <strong>da</strong><br />

kulturis urTierTmimarTebas upirveles yovlisa gansazRvravs a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

Tavisi mentalobiT, emociebiT, romelic mudmivad aris fsiqologTa<br />

Seswavlis sagani. a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelic ukve flobs ZiriTad saazrovno<br />

procesebs, nebismieri axali enis Seswavlisas azris gamoTqmas mxolod<br />

sxva saSualebebs, sityvebs, idiomatur gamoTqmebs eufleba. a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

konceptualuri mniSvneloba mravalmxrivia <strong>da</strong> bevr aspeqts moicavs:<br />

emocias, motivacias, gancdebs.<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, lingvokulturologiis fsiqologiur aspeqtSi<br />

ganxilva metad mniSvnelovania. Aara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebis kvleva misi<br />

fsiqologiuri aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT Zalzed sainteresoa.<br />

amrigad, yoveli kulturis Aara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebis Seswavlisas<br />

gasaTvaliswinebelia fsiqologiuri faqtori, vinai<strong>da</strong>n maT sworad<br />

gagebasa <strong>da</strong> gaazrebisas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba fsiqologiis<br />

monacemTa gaTvaliswinebas, radganac am faqtorTa gauTvaliswineblobis<br />

SemTxvevaSi Zalzed bundovani xdeba ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebi <strong>da</strong> xSirad<br />

gaugebaric ki. upirveles yovlisa, prioriteti eniWeba emocias, romelic<br />

122


lingvisturi meTodebis saSualebiT SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes enis<br />

leqsikur-frazeologiur doneze, romelSic wina planze wamoweulia<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani, misi sulieri samyaro, kultura.<br />

emocia franguli sityvaa emotion– vaRelveb, romelic a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, gare sinamdvilesa <strong>da</strong> Tavis Tavisadmi individis<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis ganc<strong>da</strong>a.<br />

emocia mWidrod ukavSirdeba gamomsaxvel moZraobebs. maT gareSe<br />

ar arsebobs samyaro <strong>da</strong> TviT a<strong>da</strong>miani am samyaroSi. emociebia: SiSi,<br />

risxva, sixaruli, siyvaruli, <strong>da</strong>rdi, sev<strong>da</strong>, sibraze <strong>da</strong> sxv. TiToeuli<br />

emocia a<strong>da</strong>mianis Sinagan <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas gamoxatavs ama Tu im obieqtis<br />

mimarT – anu rogor aRviqvamT <strong>da</strong> SevimecnebT. aq ukve Cven saqme gvaqvs<br />

emociis kognitur midgomasTan, romelic pirvelad lakofisa <strong>da</strong><br />

jonsonis SromebSi gamoCn<strong>da</strong> (Lacoff, Johnson 1980:67) isini aRniSnaven, rom<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis es fsiqikuri movlenebi, TiToeuli eris kulturis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, konceptur struqturaSi arian gaerTianebuli, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

TiToeuli emocia TiToeuli enis Sesabamisi idiomebiT gadmoicema.<br />

<strong>da</strong>savluri, aRmosavluri <strong>da</strong> qarTuli kulturebis ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

komunikaciis Seswavlsa gvaZlevs safuZvels <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom erTi <strong>da</strong><br />

igive emocia umravles SemTxvevaSi erTi <strong>da</strong> imave ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

komponentiT aris gadmocemuli. ganvixiloT emociaTa ramodenime tipi<br />

<strong>da</strong> maTi gamomxatveli ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebi.<br />

emociebi <strong>da</strong>savleTi<br />

brazi brazianad<br />

Tvalebis<br />

SenaTeba;<br />

brazisgan<br />

gacofeba;<br />

Tvalebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>kveseba;<br />

aRmosavleTi qarTuli<br />

warbebis<br />

SeWmuxvna; saxe<br />

gauxev<strong>da</strong>;<br />

kbilebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>aRWriala.<br />

Subli kuStad<br />

Seikra; Tvalebis<br />

kvesa; mglisferi<br />

edo saxeze;<br />

xelisgulis<br />

magi<strong>da</strong>ze<br />

<strong>da</strong>rtyma;<br />

123


nerviuloba<br />

mRelvareba<br />

<strong>da</strong>Zabuloba<br />

siamovneba/kmayofi<br />

leba<br />

Tvalebis<br />

sisxliT avseba;<br />

Sublis SeWmuxvna;<br />

kbilebiT<br />

gamoscra sibraze;<br />

saxis moRreca;<br />

<strong>da</strong>ZarRvuli<br />

muStiT mogerieba;<br />

tuCebis mokvneta;<br />

SeSliliviT<br />

sicili;<br />

mousvenrad<br />

bolTis cema;<br />

xmis acaxcaxeba;<br />

JrJolam aitana;<br />

oflis mowmen<strong>da</strong>;<br />

tuCebis TrTola;<br />

enis mokvneta;<br />

saxe<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>ufiTr<strong>da</strong>;<br />

RimiliT cqera;<br />

Tvalebi<br />

sixaruliT<br />

aukiaf<strong>da</strong>; TiTebis<br />

mucelze<br />

xelis kankali,<br />

oflis mowmen<strong>da</strong>;<br />

tuCebis caxcaxi;<br />

xelis kankali,<br />

nervuli<br />

siaruli; civi<br />

oflis <strong>da</strong>vla;<br />

metyvelebis<br />

unaris <strong>da</strong>kargva;<br />

gaJrJoleba;<br />

xelisgulis<br />

Tmaze ga<strong>da</strong>soba.<br />

tanSi gacra.<br />

sixarulis<br />

cremlebi,<br />

Tavazianad<br />

gaRimeba;<br />

moelvare<br />

mtruli mzera,<br />

qoruli mzera;<br />

warbSeyrili <strong>da</strong><br />

moRuSuli<br />

jdoma;<br />

Wruta,<br />

Tevziseburi<br />

Tvalebi;<br />

warbebis maRla<br />

aweva;<br />

qve<strong>da</strong> tuCis<br />

<strong>da</strong>brecva.<br />

TiTebis wvaleba.<br />

xmis akankaleba.<br />

saxis alewva.<br />

Tavis <strong>da</strong>bla<br />

<strong>da</strong>xra. xelis<br />

kankali.<br />

mokumuli<br />

tuCebi, qve<strong>da</strong><br />

ybis kankali/<br />

<strong>da</strong>brecva;<br />

usiamod<br />

<strong>da</strong>Rrejili<br />

saxis nakvTebi.<br />

xmis aTrToleba.<br />

Tvalebis<br />

moxuWva, tuCebis<br />

gaxsna, xelebis<br />

fSvneta; wverze<br />

xelis Camosma;<br />

124


sircxvili<br />

SemoWdoba; saxe<br />

gaunaT<strong>da</strong>; saxe<br />

aenTo; Tvalebi<br />

minaba;<br />

Rawvebi<br />

SeuwiTl<strong>da</strong>, saxe<br />

auwiTl<strong>da</strong>.<br />

Tvalebi; saxe<br />

gaunaT<strong>da</strong>;<br />

loyebis<br />

awiTleba; Tavis<br />

<strong>da</strong>xra; morcxvad<br />

awiTlebuli;<br />

saxe xelebSi<br />

Cargo;<br />

aslukun<strong>da</strong>;<br />

morcxvad<br />

Caibutbuta.<br />

xelebis kefaze<br />

Semowyoba.<br />

kmayofili saxe;<br />

yurebamde<br />

gawiTleba;<br />

Tvalebze xelis<br />

afareba;<br />

TavCaRunuli<br />

siaruli; fexis<br />

waborZikeba.<br />

amrigad, Cven mier ganxiluli magaliTebi naTeli <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebaa<br />

imisa, rom <strong>da</strong>savlur, aRmosavlur <strong>da</strong> qarTul kulturebSi emociebi<br />

TiTqmis erTnairi universaliiT vlindeba anu iseT enobriv movlenaTa<br />

arseboba, romlebic msoflios yvela an umetesi enisTvis aris<br />

<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli. enaSi, iseve rogorc zoga<strong>da</strong>d bunebaSi, arsebobs<br />

Sinagani wesrigi, mowyoba, romelic Semecnebadia, magram imisTvis, rom<br />

moxdes raime sagnis, movlenis siRrmiseuli <strong>da</strong> gaazrebuli Semecneba,<br />

saWiroa misi Se<strong>da</strong>reba sxva sagnebsa Tu movlenebTan.<br />

125


<strong>da</strong>skvna<br />

naSromis bolos, Cvens mier <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> amocanebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare, samecniero literaturaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiTa <strong>da</strong> empiriuli<br />

masalis kvlevis safuZvelze miviReT Semdegi <strong>da</strong>skvnebi:<br />

1. cnobilia, rom sakomunikacio procesis efeqturad warmarTvaSi did<br />

rols TamaSobs rogorc <strong>verbaluri</strong>, ise ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebi.<br />

kvlevam cxadyo, rom swored gamonaTqvamis <strong>verbaluri</strong> nawiliT<br />

gamoxatul informaciasa <strong>da</strong> paralingvisturi TvisebiT gamoxatul<br />

informacias Soris arsebuli <strong>da</strong>pirispireba gvexmareba<br />

gamonaTqvamisadmi mosaubre-msmenelis <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>fiqsirebaSi. araverbalur enas erTi unikaluri Tviseba aqvs: mas<br />

SeuZlia “gasces” komunikanti imdenad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c misi saSualebiT<br />

vlindeba komunikantis WeSmariti, SeuniRbavi saxe. swored kinesika<br />

gvexmareba imaSi, rom eWvis qveS <strong>da</strong>vayenoT mosaubris gamonaTqvami<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vinaxoT misi realuri saxe.<br />

2. <strong>komunikacia</strong>Si ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> saSualebebi spontanurad gamoiyeneba.<br />

es gamowveulia centraluri nervuli sistemis rogorc <strong>da</strong>bali,<br />

aseve umaRlesi maCveneblebiT, romlebic pasuxismgebelni arian<br />

<strong>komunikacia</strong>ze. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, raRac xarisxSi ara<strong>verbaluri</strong><br />

elementebi kontrols eqvemdebarebian, Tumca Zalian Zlieri<br />

TviTkontrolis SemTxvevaSic ki SeiZleba moxdes informaciis<br />

“gaJonva”.<br />

3. komunikaciis efeqturoba ganisazRvreba ara marto gamonaTqvamis<br />

mniSvnelobis gagebis xarisxiT, aramed mosaubris qcevis swori<br />

Sefasebis unariT. kerZod, kinesikuri paralingvizmebi swored is<br />

elementebia, romelTa meSveobiTac grZnobebs, gancdebs <strong>da</strong> emociebs<br />

ufro srulyofilad gamovxatavT, vavlenT, Tu ra <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />

gvaqvs sinamdvileSi gamonaTqvamisa <strong>da</strong> komunikantis mimarT.<br />

4. ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxSi mTavari<br />

faqtori kulturologiuri fenomenia. erTi <strong>da</strong> imave Jestis aRqma<br />

SesaZlebelia gansxvavebuli iyos kulturis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipSi. Cveni<br />

TvalsazrisiT, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturis warmomadgenlebTan<br />

urTierTobis procesSi <strong>verbaluri</strong> Tu ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebis<br />

126


gamoyenebis dros sifrTxile <strong>da</strong> didi yuradReba gvmarTebs. amitom,<br />

sanam raime <strong>da</strong>skvnebs gavakeTebdeT Jestebisa <strong>da</strong> sxeulis enis<br />

mniSvnelobaze, aucilebelia a<strong>da</strong>mianis erovnuli kuTvnileba<br />

gaviTvaliswinoT. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, Cveni SexedulebiT,<br />

marTebulia mocemul kulturaSi miRebuli Jestebis <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis<br />

winaswari Seswavla. Tu ara varT <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli, Tu rogor aRiqmeba<br />

Cven mier gamoyenebuli Jesti sxva kulturaSi, maSin umjobesia Tavi<br />

avaridoT mis gamoyenebas.<br />

5. qarTul enaSi TiTqmis yvela gamonaTqvams Tan sdevs esa Tu is<br />

paralingvisturi maxasiaTebeli. marTalia, paralingvisturi<br />

maxasiaTeblebi yvela kulturas gaaCnia, magram maTi gamoyenebis<br />

speqtri qarTul enaSi gacilebiT ufro farToa. radganac isini<br />

<strong>verbaluri</strong> komunikaciis dros sakmaod xSirad gamoiyeneba,<br />

bunebrivi xdeba, rom qarTuli ena paralingvizmebis ufro farTo<br />

arCevans un<strong>da</strong> gvTavazobdes, an mas paralingvizmebis gacilebiT<br />

ufro didi nairgvaroba, nairferovneba axasiaTebs.Aam<br />

mravalferovnebis gamomwvevi mizezebi ganpirobebulia qarTuli<br />

bunebis emociurobiT, erovnulobiTa <strong>da</strong> kulturiT. kvlevam<br />

gviCvena, rom A<br />

a) qarTuli kultura vizualur-kinesTetikuria;<br />

b) ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebis zogadi buneba erTnairia qarTul,<br />

<strong>da</strong>savlur <strong>da</strong> aRmosavlur kulturebSi, Tumca, am erebis<br />

kulturebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare maT Soris aris msgavsi <strong>da</strong><br />

gansxvavebuli ara<strong>verbaluri</strong> niSnebi.<br />

127


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