efeqturi swavlebis teqnologiebi da strategiebi
efeqturi swavlebis teqnologiebi da strategiebi
efeqturi swavlebis teqnologiebi da strategiebi
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nana maWaraSvili<br />
<strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
<strong>teqnologiebi</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>strategiebi</strong><br />
(saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovneba)<br />
gamomcemloba `meridiani~<br />
Tbilisi _ 2012
uak.(UDC) 73|76+745](072)<br />
m-433<br />
naSromSi ganxilulia <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong> mniSvneloba moswavlesa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sedegze orientirebuli saswavlo procesis <strong>da</strong>gegmvisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> warmarTvisaTvis; <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong> mravalmxrivi<br />
teqnologiisa <strong>da</strong> strategiis gamoyenebis Taviseburebebi saxviTi<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis <strong>swavlebis</strong> procesSi, xelovnebis<br />
gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>gegmvisa <strong>da</strong> warmarTvis, agreTve miRebuli Sedegebis<br />
analizisa <strong>da</strong> Sefasebis meqanizmebi; maswavleblis profesiuli<br />
ganviTarebis alternatiuli gzebi <strong>da</strong> saSualebebi.<br />
wigni mniSvnelovan <strong>da</strong>xmarebas gauwevs saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi<br />
xelovnebis maswavlebels saswavlo procesSi erovnuli<br />
saswavlo gegmiTa <strong>da</strong> sagnobrivi saganmanaTleblo stan<strong>da</strong>rtiT<br />
gansazRvruli Sedegebis miRwevaSi, xels Seuwyobs mis profesiul<br />
ganviTarebas, erovnuli sasertifikacio gamocdebisaTvis<br />
mzadebas.<br />
naSromi gankuTvnilia xelovnebis di<strong>da</strong>qtikis problemebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>interesul pirTaTvis (xelovnebis maswavleblebisaTvis, aRniSnuli<br />
profilis kadris momzadebisa <strong>da</strong> profesiuli ganviTarebis<br />
sistemis warmomadgenlebisaTvis).<br />
re<strong>da</strong>qtori: naTela jabua, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori,<br />
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis profesori, xelovnebis saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis<br />
Tanaavtori.<br />
recenzenti: naTela maRlakeliZe, pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur mecnierebaTa<br />
doqtori, ilias saxelmwifo universitetis profesori<br />
© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012<br />
© n. maWaraSvili<br />
ISBN 978-9941-10-548-7<br />
Sinaarsi<br />
Sesavali ...........................................................................................................................5<br />
Tavi I. <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong> konceptualuri<br />
safuZvlebi .........................................................................................................7<br />
I.1 pirovnebis ganviTarebaze orientirebuli saganmanaTleblo<br />
koncefcia ........................................................................................................................7<br />
I.2. erovnuli saswavlo gegma <strong>da</strong> sagnobrivi programa saxviT<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiT xelovnebaSi .............................................................................15<br />
I.3. TanamSromlobiTi <strong>swavlebis</strong> principebi <strong>da</strong> realizaciis<br />
formebi ..........................................................................................................................22<br />
Tavi II. <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong> <strong>teqnologiebi</strong> ...30<br />
II.1. saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba .............................................30<br />
II.2. problemaze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli swavleba ................................................53<br />
Tavi III. <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong> <strong>strategiebi</strong> ......76<br />
III.1. <strong>swavlebis</strong> <strong>strategiebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> meTodebi ............................................ 76<br />
• gonebrivi ieriSi ......................................................................................80<br />
• diskusia ........................................................................................................... 81<br />
• demonstrirebis meTodi .......................................................................83<br />
• roluri TamaSi/simulacia ................................................................ 84<br />
• kognituri diagramebi ............................................................................87<br />
• msgavsebisa <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebis meTodi ..............................................88<br />
• klasifikaciis meTodebi .....................................................................93<br />
• Sejamebisa <strong>da</strong> Canawerebis gakeTebis meTodebi ...................95<br />
2 3
• ukuqceviTi <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodi .................................................. 107<br />
• xelovnebis nimuSis etapobrivi analizis meTodi ........109<br />
Tavi IV. xelovnebis gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>gegmva, mar-<br />
Tva <strong>da</strong> evaluacia .................................................................................112<br />
IV.1. xelovnebis gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>gegmvis zogadi principebi ..112<br />
IV.2. xelovnebis gakveTilis konstruirebis<br />
Taviseburebebi ...................................................................................119<br />
IV.3. integrirebuli gakveTili ................................................................122<br />
IV.4. moswavleTa codnisa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis Sefaseba............... 128<br />
IV.5. gakveTilis Sefaseba <strong>da</strong> maswavleblis profesiuli ganvi-<br />
Tareba .............................................................................................................................135<br />
reziume ..................................................................................................................... 139<br />
literatura.............................................................................................................140<br />
Sesavali<br />
msoflio saganmanaTleblo sivrcis globalur tendencias<br />
demokratiulobisa <strong>da</strong> humanizaciis ganmsaz-<br />
Rvreli roli Seadgens. sazogadoebis ganviTarebis<br />
Tanamedrove etapze prioritetuli gax<strong>da</strong> mravalmxriv<br />
ganviTarebuli, umniSvnelovanesi pirovnuli <strong>da</strong> profesiuli<br />
kompetenciebiT aRWurvili, socialurad srulfasovani<br />
individis formirebis aucilebloba. Zireulma<br />
cvlilebebma socialur-ekonomikur <strong>da</strong> sainformacioteqnologiur<br />
sferoebSi Seqmna realuri winamZRvrebi<br />
saganmanaTleblo sistemis radikaluri gar<strong>da</strong>qmnisaTvis,<br />
ramac, Tavis mxriv, un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvros inteleqtualuri,<br />
teqnologiuri <strong>da</strong> socialuri progresi.<br />
sazogadoebis <strong>da</strong>kveTam saganmanaTleblo sistemis<br />
`produqtze~ gamokveTa ZiriTadi moTxovnebi, rac<br />
iTvaliswinebs ara mxolod mecnierebaTa safuZvlebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>uflebas, aramed im arsebiTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis<br />
aucileblobas, rac, saboloo jamSi, SesaZleblobas<br />
miscems axalgazrdebs, gamoavlinon <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli <strong>da</strong><br />
TanamSromlobiTi muSaobis, kritikuli azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
argumentirebuli msjelobis, SeZenili codnis transferis,<br />
sakuTari <strong>da</strong> sxvisi saqmianobis Sefasebis, TviTgamoxatvis,<br />
TviTrealizaciis, TviTaqtualizaciisa <strong>da</strong><br />
sxva umniSvnelovanesi unarebi.<br />
saskolo ganaTlebis mniSvnelobis aRiarebam ganapiroba<br />
moswavlis pirovnebisadmi, rogorc umaRlesi<br />
faseulobisadmi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis prioritetuloba.<br />
Tanamedrove skolis ZiriTad amocanad ganisazRvra aqtiuri,<br />
kreatiuli pirovnebis formireba, romelsac aqvs<br />
TviTganviTarebisa <strong>da</strong> TviTganaTlebis, jgufuri muSaobis,<br />
TanamSromlobis, piradi pasuxismgeblobis, ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetile-<br />
4 5
ebis swrafad miRebis, TviTSefasebisa <strong>da</strong> TviTkritikis,<br />
aseve sxva umniSvnelovanesi unarebi. swored es Tvisebebi<br />
iZens ganmsazRvrel mniSvnelobas myari, dinamikuri<br />
<strong>da</strong> funqciuri codnis konstruirebisa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad, iseTi<br />
moqalaqis aRzrdisaTvis, romelic upasuxebs Tanamedrove<br />
samyaros gamowvevebsa <strong>da</strong> moTxovnebs.<br />
zemoaRniSnulma saTanado asaxva pova respublikis<br />
saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi mimdinare reformebze.<br />
Zireulma siaxleebma erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi, sagnobrivi<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis amaRlebam, sruliad gansxvavebuli<br />
tipis saswavlo-di<strong>da</strong>qtikuri masalebis Seqmnam gansaz-<br />
Rvra saTanado kvalifikaciis maswavleblis momzadebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mzadebis aucilebloba, romelic uzrunvelyofs<br />
<strong>swavlebis</strong> Sinaarsis gansxvavebul principebze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebas,<br />
msoflio saganmanaTleblo praqtikis, inovaciuri<br />
midgomebis Seswavlasa <strong>da</strong> ganzogadebas, axali saganmanaTleblo<br />
<strong>teqnologiebi</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> <strong>strategiebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>nergvas,<br />
romelTa efeqturobac msoflios wamyvani mecnierebis<br />
mier kvlevis Sedegebis Sesabamisad aris <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebuli.<br />
mocemuli wigni miznad isaxavs, <strong>da</strong>exmaros xelovnebis<br />
di<strong>da</strong>qtikiT <strong>da</strong>interesebul mkiTxvels, gaimdidros profesiuli<br />
codna <strong>da</strong> kompetenciebi, uzrunvelyos saganmanaTleblo<br />
procesis monawileTa urTierTqmedeba,<br />
pirovnuli midgoma, <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong> <strong>strategiebi</strong>s<br />
mizanmimarTuli gamoyeneba xelovnebis gakveTilze <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
TiToeuli konkretuli safexuris specifikis<br />
Sesabamisad; gaiTvaliswinos gakveTilis dramaturgiis<br />
agebis mravalferovneba, gamoiyenos mravalmxrivi aqtivobebi,<br />
moswavleTa Sefasebis mravalgvari formebi, gamoavlinos<br />
sakuTari profesiuli saqmianobis Sefasebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
profesiuli ganviTarebis unar-Cvevebi.<br />
Tavi I. <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
konceptualuri safuZvlebi<br />
I.1. pirovnebis ganviTarebaze orientirebuli<br />
saganmanaTleblo koncefcia<br />
pirovnebis ganviTarebaze orientirebuli saganmana-<br />
Tleblo koncefciis aqtualoba msoflio saganmanaTleblo<br />
sivrceSi jer kidev gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamoikveTa, rasac xeli Seuwyo rogorc ganaTlebis<br />
mecnierebebSi, ise momijnave sferoebSi ganxorcielebulma<br />
fun<strong>da</strong>menturma kvlevebma. miRebuli Sedegebis<br />
safuZvelze mecnierulad iqna <strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli aRniSnuli<br />
koncefciis upiratesoba, erTi mxriv, myari, funqciuri<br />
codnis konstruirebis, meore mxriv, aqtiuri, kreatiuli,<br />
mravalmxrivi profesiuli <strong>da</strong> pirovnuli kompetenciebiT<br />
aRWurvili, konkurentunariani pirovnebis formirebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT.<br />
pirovnebaze orientirebuli saswavlo procesis centrSia<br />
moswavle, misi ganviTarebis procesi <strong>da</strong> miRweuli<br />
Sedegebi. aRniSnuli midgoma mTeli rigi upiratesobebiT<br />
xasiaTdeba. kerZod, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom maswavlebeli<br />
marTavs swavla-<strong>swavlebis</strong> process, moswavle<br />
aqtiurad aris CarTuli codnis agebis procesSi. igi<br />
sakuTar codnasa <strong>da</strong> gamocdilebaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT `aRmoaCens~,<br />
amuSavebs axal Temebs/sakiTxebs <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad,<br />
ukeT acnobierebs axal codnas, romelic mobiluri, funqciuri<br />
xdeba. moswavles SeuZlia paralelebis gavleba,<br />
msgavseba-gansxvavebis gamovlena, SeZenili codnis gansxvavebul<br />
konteqstSi gamoyeneba; moswavles SeuZlia wamoayenos<br />
sakuTari mosazrebebi, ideebi, hipoTezebi, avlens<br />
6 7
<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli muSaobis, kritikuli azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong> argumentirebuli<br />
msjelobis, Sefasebisa <strong>da</strong> TviTSefasebis,<br />
konstruqciuli TanamSromlobisa <strong>da</strong> sxva mniSvnelovan<br />
unarebs.<br />
pirovnebaze orientirebuli <strong>swavlebis</strong> procesi interaqtiur<br />
meTodikas efuZneba.<br />
<strong>swavlebis</strong> procesi Tavisi bunebiT interaqtiuri<br />
procesia, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c moicavs or sapirispiro mxares _<br />
maswavlebelsa <strong>da</strong> moswavles. maT saerTo mizani aer-<br />
TianebT _ axali codnisa <strong>da</strong> unarebis aTviseba. Tumca<br />
saganmanaTleblo procesis am bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> garduvali,<br />
<strong>da</strong>ufaravi interaqtiurobis (urTierTqmedebis) miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad,<br />
tradiciuli skolis pirobebSi is, Cveulebriv<br />
deformirdebo<strong>da</strong> Sors mimavali negatiuri SedegebiT.<br />
tradiciul skolaSi saswavlo procesma, raoden paradoqsulic<br />
ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos, <strong>da</strong>karga Tavisi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli<br />
_ interaqtiuroba.<br />
I.1. nimuSi 1<br />
tradiciuli <strong>da</strong> interaqtiuri saswavlo procesi<br />
tradiciuli (avtoritaruli)<br />
saswavlo procesi<br />
saswavlo procesis centraluri<br />
figura - maswavlebeli<br />
maswavlebeli - svams amocanas,<br />
wyvets problemas, akeTebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvnebs.<br />
interaqtiuri (pirovnebaze<br />
orientirebuli) saswavlo<br />
procesi<br />
saswavlo procesis centrSi -<br />
moswavle<br />
maswavlebeli - TanamSromlobs<br />
moswavleebTan, xels uwyobs<br />
maT SemecnebiT <strong>da</strong> pirovnul<br />
ganviTarebas.<br />
moswavle - iTvisebs saswavlo<br />
masalas, asrulebs <strong>da</strong>valebas<br />
mocemuli nimuSis an konkretuli<br />
miTiTebis Sesabamisad,<br />
pasuxobs kiTxvebze, romelTa<br />
pasuxic uSualod saswavlo<br />
teqstSia mocemuli.<br />
codnis ZiriTadi wyaro -<br />
maswavlebeli, saxelmZRvanelo<br />
ZiriTadi mizani - codnis ga<strong>da</strong>cema<br />
swavlis motivacia susti,<br />
<strong>swavlebis</strong> procesi naklebad<br />
saintereso <strong>da</strong> mosawyeni<br />
moswavleTa organizebis<br />
ZiriTadi formebi - individualuri,<br />
saerTo saklaso.<br />
gakveTilis dramaturgia _<br />
erTferovani<br />
saswavlo procesSi<br />
ugulebelyofilia moswavlis<br />
cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba,<br />
misi interesebi, midrekilebebi<br />
Sefaseba <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia mxolod<br />
codnis aTvisebis donesTan<br />
moswavle iTvisebs saswavlo<br />
masalas `aRmoCenis gziT~,<br />
kiTxvebze pasuxisas avlens<br />
kritikuli azrovnebis,<br />
argumentirebuli msjelobis<br />
unarebs, <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
akeTebs <strong>da</strong>skvnebs<br />
codnis alternatiuli wyaroebi<br />
ZiriTadi mizani - moswavlis<br />
pirovnebis formireba<br />
swavlis motivacia myari, <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
procesi saintereso <strong>da</strong><br />
saxaliso<br />
moswavleTa organizebis<br />
ZiriTadi formebi - individualuri,<br />
wyvilSi, jgufuri.<br />
gakveTilis dramaturgia aigeba<br />
mravalmxriv aqtivobebze<br />
saswavlo procesi eyrdnoba<br />
moswavlis cxovrebiseul<br />
gamocdilebas, mis interesebs,<br />
midrekilebebs<br />
Sefaseba xdeba ramdenime<br />
kriteriumis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
(codna, unar-Cvevebi, faseulobebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebi)<br />
interaqtiuri <strong>swavlebis</strong> procesSi mniSvnelovnad<br />
warmoCndeba progresuli paradigmis faseulobebi _ humanuroba,<br />
saganmanaTleblo procesis monawileTa urTierTqmedeba,<br />
pirovnuli midgoma. Tanamedrove saganmana-<br />
Tleblo sistemaSi interaqtiuri <strong>swavlebis</strong> aqtiurad<br />
<strong>da</strong>nergvis procesma gansakuTrebuli aqtualoba mianiWa<br />
misi gacnobierebisa <strong>da</strong> SemoqmedebiTad gaazrebis prob-<br />
8 9
lemas (arsi, specifika, principi, organizaciis saSualebebi).<br />
interaqtiuri <strong>swavlebis</strong> arsi mdgomareobs saswavlo-<br />
SemecnebiT procesSi CarTuli subieqtebis realizebul<br />
intensiur, mravalgegmian pirovnebaTSoris <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> urTierTobebSi. jer kidev cnobili fsiqologi<br />
leonid vigodski aRniSnav<strong>da</strong>, rom umaRlesi fsiqikuri<br />
funqciebis gza ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia bavSvuri cnobierebis<br />
socialuri saqmianobis ZiriTad formasTan. rogorc<br />
l. vigodski wer<strong>da</strong>, aRniSnuli fsiqikuri funqcia<br />
orjer vlindeba qcevis ganviTarebis procesSi: Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad<br />
rogorc koleqtiuri qcevis forma, rogorc<br />
TanamSromlobis an urTierTqmedebis forma, anu rogorc<br />
interfsiqologiuri kategoria, Semdeg ki rogorc bavSvis<br />
individualuri qcevis forma, rogorc qcevis Si<strong>da</strong><br />
procesi, anu rogorc intrafsiqologiuri kategoria. 1<br />
cneba `interaqcia~ nasesxebia sociologiuri mimdinareobis<br />
_ simboluri interaqcionizmisagan (g. blaumbergi,<br />
d. midi, r. sirsi <strong>da</strong> sxv.), romlis warmomadgenelTa<br />
azriT, simboluri interaqcionizmis arsi mdgomareobs<br />
imaSi, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris urTierTqmedeba ganixileba<br />
rogorc uwyveti dialogi, romlis procesSic isini<br />
akvirdebian, acnobiereben erTmaneTis azrebs, ideebs,<br />
versiebs <strong>da</strong> Semdeg reagireben maTze. 2<br />
interaqtiuroba, gaazrebuli rogorc uSualo dialogi,<br />
dRes ukve gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens, romlis<br />
gacnobierebuli gamoyenebac uzrunvelyofs <strong>efeqturi</strong><br />
<strong>swavlebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>nergvas. interaqtiuri <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
teqnologia inarCunebs saganmanaTleblo procesis saboloo<br />
mizans, Tumca cvlis SemecnebiTi saqmianobis sa-<br />
1 Л. С. Выгодский ,,Проблемы развития психики“, М.,1983, t. З. с. 27.<br />
2 Слезер Н. Социология. М. , 1994. с.17.<br />
translacio formebs erTobliv Zalisxmevaze, urTierTqmedebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mxar<strong>da</strong>Weraze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli urTierTaqtiuri<br />
formebiT. interaqtiur swavlebaSi dialogis poziciebs<br />
sakmaod zustad gansazRvravs cneba `Segnebuli monawileoba~.<br />
sayuradRebo faqtia, rom jer kidev XX saukunis 30ian<br />
wlebSi araerTi mkvlevari aRniSnav<strong>da</strong>, rom bevrad<br />
ufro advilia jgufSi Tavmoyrili individebis Secvla,<br />
vidre TiToeuli maTganis cal-calke. dRes ki mecnierebi<br />
erTobliv (jgufur) saqmianobas saganmanaTleblo sferoSi<br />
demokratiuli sazogadoebis ganviTarebis safuZvlad<br />
miiCneven _ Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi xom bevrad<br />
gafarToebulia socialuri garemocvis pirovnuli<br />
zona. amitomac, kooperaciis (TanamSromlobiTi saqmianobis)<br />
unar-Cvevebis aTviseba swored <strong>swavlebis</strong> period-<br />
Si un<strong>da</strong> moxdes. jgufuri muSaobisaTvis upiratesobis<br />
miniWebis idea garkveulwilad ganapiroba pe<strong>da</strong>gogebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> fsiqologebis swrafvam, <strong>da</strong>sZlion pe<strong>da</strong>gogikis zemoqmedebis<br />
naklovani mxareebi <strong>da</strong> saswavlo procesSi <strong>da</strong>nergon<br />
saklaso interaqciis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva forma (maswavlebeli<br />
– moswavlisa <strong>da</strong> moswavle _ moswavlis interaqcia)<br />
im mosazrebiT, rom pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri zemoqmedeba iyos iribi<br />
<strong>da</strong> ara pir<strong>da</strong>piri (aRsaniSnavia, rom es ukanaskneli ar<br />
aris <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli tradiciuli <strong>swavlebis</strong>aTvis). Sesabamisad,<br />
saswavlo procesSi moswavlis aqtiurobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
qmediTobis uzrunvelyofisaTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas<br />
iZens saklaso interaqcia, rac gulisxmobs saswavlo<br />
procesSi maT urTierTqmedebas.<br />
interaqtiuri <strong>swavlebis</strong>as muSaobis mravalferovani<br />
formebis gamoyenebis saSualebiT xdeba moswavleTa<br />
Semec nebiTi unarebis, agreTve kreatiulobis, analitikuri<br />
azrovnebis unarebis ganviTareba, rac, Tavis mxriv,<br />
10 11
xels uwyobs moswavleTa motivaciis amaRlebas konkretuli<br />
saswavlo masalisa <strong>da</strong> zoga<strong>da</strong>d, swavlis procesisadmi.<br />
moswavleebs uadvildebaT axali masalis ara<br />
mxolod ganvlil masalasTan, aramed sakuTar gamocdilebasTan,<br />
interesebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSireba, agreTve sxva sagnebSi<br />
miRebul codnasTan integrireba.<br />
aRniSnuli midgomis mTavar komponentebs Seadgens<br />
TiToeuli moswavlisa <strong>da</strong> misi individualuri saswavlo<br />
saqmianobis unikalurobis aRiareba. am SemTxvevaSi maswavleblis<br />
roli mdgomareobs ara mxolod garkveuli<br />
moculobis codnis ga<strong>da</strong>cemasa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaSi,<br />
aramed imgvari saganmanaTleblo garemos organizebaSi,<br />
romelic xels Seuwyobs moswavles, <strong>da</strong>eyrdnos<br />
sakuTar potencials <strong>da</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong> Sesatyvis teqnologias.<br />
maswavlebeli <strong>da</strong> moswavle uzrunvelyofen erTobliv<br />
saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas, romelic mimarTulia<br />
moswavlis individualuri TviTrealizebisa <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
pirovnuli Tvisebebis ganviTarebaze.<br />
amgvarad, pirovnebaze orientirebuli swavleba<br />
efuZneba Semdeg principebs:<br />
• maswavlebeli aRiarebs TiToeuli moswavlis unikalurobas.<br />
iTvaliswinebs, rom mas axasiaTebs gansxvavebuli<br />
interesebi, SesaZleblobebi, gansxvavebulia misi<br />
swavlisadmi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebac, rac u<strong>da</strong>vod sayuradReboa<br />
saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis warmarTvisa <strong>da</strong> arsebiTi<br />
xarisxovani Sedegebis miRebis TvalsazrisiT;<br />
• meore mxriv, rogorc maswavlebeli, ise TiToeuli moswavle<br />
acnobierebs nebismieri sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianis unikalurobas,<br />
individualur Rirebulebebs, <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebs.<br />
maswavlebeli pativs scems moswavleTa azrebs, rasac<br />
mkafiod acnobiereben moswavleebi rogorc maswavle-<br />
belTan, ise TanaklaselebTan mimarTebaSi;<br />
• maswavlebelsa <strong>da</strong> moswavles, agreTve moswavleebs Soris<br />
komunikaciis ZiriTad niSans Seadgens tolerantuloba.<br />
moswavleebi cdiloben sxva Tvalsazrisis,<br />
sxva moswavlis qmedebis motivebis gacnobierebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
SesaZlebelia, miRebasac. amgvarad moswavle axdens sakuTari<br />
socialuri funqciis realizebas. moswavle-<br />
Ta TanamSromlobiTi urTierTqmedeba iTvaliswinebs<br />
TiToeuli maTganis sawyisi poziciis arsebobas, Senar-<br />
Cuneba-<strong>da</strong>cvas an Secvlas. aqtiuri komunikacia uzrunvelyofs<br />
moswavlis pirovnebis ganviTarebas, axali<br />
SemecnebiTi Sedegebis gacnobierebas, romlebic miRebulia<br />
amxanagebTan dialogis procesSi.<br />
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, moswavlesa <strong>da</strong><br />
Sedegze orientirebuli midgoma realizdeba maSin,<br />
rodesac saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis <strong>da</strong>gegmvis, ganxorcielebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> diagnostikis procesSi gaTvaliswinebul<br />
iqneba TiToeuli moswavlis pirovnuli Tvisebebi, individualuri<br />
maxasiaTeblebi.<br />
gansxvaveba <strong>swavlebis</strong> tradiciul formebsa <strong>da</strong> interaqtiuri<br />
<strong>swavlebis</strong> teqnologias Soris ukve amocanis<br />
<strong>da</strong>smis etapze ikveTeba. gansxvavebuli midgoma<br />
<strong>swavlebis</strong>admi, rogorc interaqtiuri procesisadmi, iTvaliswinebs<br />
gakveTilze amocanebis triadis <strong>da</strong>smasa <strong>da</strong><br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetas, romlebSic aqcenti sxvagvara<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>smuli:<br />
• saswavlo-SemecnebiTi (mizani: konkretuli saswavlo,<br />
problemuri, SemoqmedebiTi situaciis gacnobierebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis, agreTve jgufis TiToeuli wevris<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n sakuTari qmedebebis logikisa <strong>da</strong> Tanamimdevrobis<br />
gacnobierebis aucilebloba);<br />
• sakomunikacio (mizani: interaqtiuri urTierTobis<br />
12 13
Cvevebis, agreTve TviTrealizaciisa <strong>da</strong> TviTaqtualizaciis,<br />
Tanamedrove teq nologiur aRWurvilobasTan<br />
muSaobis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba erToblivi Semecnebis<br />
procesSi); sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisaTvis<br />
mniSvnelovania tolerantuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis<br />
gamovlena sxva subieqtebis azrebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
Sexedulebebisadmi;<br />
• socialur-orientaciuli (mizani: individis socializaciisaTvis<br />
mniSvnelovani pirovnuli Tvisebebis<br />
aRzr<strong>da</strong>, romlis Sedegebic adekvatur asaxvas povebs<br />
saswavlo droisa <strong>da</strong> sivrcis miRmac).<br />
zemoaRniSnuli<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, pirovnebaze orientirebul<br />
saswavlo procesSi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas<br />
iZens saswavlo praqtikis mravalferovneba, gansxvavebuli<br />
xerxebis, meTodebis, saSualebebis <strong>da</strong>nergva <strong>da</strong><br />
maTi monacvleobiT, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formiTa <strong>da</strong> nairsaxeobiT<br />
gamoyeneba, rac uzrunvelyofs TiToeuli moswavlis<br />
CarTvas mravalferovan aqtivobebSi. SesaZloa, zogi<br />
moswavlisaTvis, misi individualuri maxasiaTeblebis<br />
mixedviT, yvelaze nayofieri <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli swavla iyos,<br />
zogisTvis ki _ TanamSromlobiTi. aseve moswavleTa<br />
garkveuli nawilisaTvis bevrad <strong>efeqturi</strong> konkurenciis<br />
pirobebi aRmoCndes. <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli, konkurentuli <strong>da</strong><br />
TanamSromlobiTi <strong>swavlebis</strong> formebis mizanmimarTuli,<br />
monacvleobiTi gamoyeneba mravalferovans xdis codnis<br />
miRebis process, xels uwyobs moswavleTa aqtiurobas,<br />
qmediTobas, maTi SemecnebiTi ganviTarebisa <strong>da</strong> socialurad<br />
srulfasovan indivi<strong>da</strong>d formirebis process.<br />
I.2. erovnuli saswavlo gegma <strong>da</strong><br />
sagnobrivi programa saxviT <strong>da</strong><br />
gamoyenebiT xelovnebaSi<br />
zogadi ganaTlebis sistemisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi,<br />
fun<strong>da</strong>menturi mniSvnelobis mqone dokumentis _ `zogadi<br />
ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis~ _ gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
momzadebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mTavar amocanas<br />
erovnuli miznebis misaRwevi saganmanaTleblo resursisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> garemos Seqmna Seadgens. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis<br />
Zireuli principia Sedegze orientireba, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c mis<br />
safuZvels pirovnebis ganviTarebaze orientirebuli saganmanaTleblo<br />
koncefcia Seadgens <strong>da</strong> ramac gansazRvra<br />
Sesatyvisi meTodikuri orientirebi:<br />
• swavla-<strong>swavlebis</strong> procesSi gaTvaliswinebul un<strong>da</strong><br />
iqnes TiToeuli moswavlis ganumeorebeli, unikaluri<br />
individualuri maxasiaTeblebi, SesaZleblobebi, interesebi,<br />
piradi gamocdileba, swavlis stili;<br />
• moswavle aqtiurad un<strong>da</strong> iyos CarTuli swavlis<br />
(codnis agebis) procesSi, romelic efuZneba moswavlis<br />
codnas, gamocdilebas, Sexedulebebs;<br />
• maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyos saswavlo procesis<br />
mravalferovneba, rac gulisxmobs mravalgvari meTodis,<br />
midgomis, strategiis, problemaTa ga<strong>da</strong>Wris gzebisa<br />
Tu aqtivobaTa tipebis gamoyenebas;<br />
• maswavlebelma xeli un<strong>da</strong> Seuwyos saswavlo masalis<br />
etapobrivad <strong>da</strong> mravalmxrivad miwodebas, axali<br />
sakiTxebis, cnebebis safuZvlianad <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebul konteqstebSi<br />
ganxilvas, saganTSorisi kavSirebis gamovlenasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> saerTo aspeqtebis <strong>da</strong>muSavebas;<br />
• stan<strong>da</strong>rtiT gansazRvruli Sedegebis realizebisa-<br />
14 15
Tvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens motivaciis gazr<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rac moswavlis winsvlis uzrunvelyofis aucilebeli<br />
pirobaa;<br />
• gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens moswavlis<br />
CarTuloba saswavlo procesSi (moswavleTa aqtiuri<br />
monawi leoba rogorc sakuTari, ise Tanatolebis swavlis<br />
procesSi). jgufuri muSaobis, proeqtebis diskusiebis,<br />
saklaso konferenciebis, SemoqmedebiTi konkursebis,<br />
speqtaklebis, gamofenebis, aqciebisa <strong>da</strong> sxv. <strong>da</strong>gegmvisa <strong>da</strong><br />
ganxorcielebis procesSi moswavleebi iZenen myar, funqciur<br />
codnas, agreTve TanamSromlobiTi muSaobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
mTeli rigi, maTi pirovnuli <strong>da</strong> socialuri formirebisaTvis<br />
arsebiT unar-Cvevebs, faseulobebsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebs.<br />
zemoaRniSnulma asaxva pova sagnobrivi programebis<br />
struqturaSi. kerZod:<br />
1. sagnobrivi programis zogadi nawili gansazRvravs sagnis<br />
(konkretulad, saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis)<br />
<strong>swavlebis</strong> mizans, amocanebsa (codna, unar-Cvevebi, faseulobebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebi) <strong>da</strong> im ZiriTad orientirebs,<br />
romlebic zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamomdinareobs. esenia:<br />
• kritikuli azrovneba;<br />
• problemaTa ga<strong>da</strong>Wris unari;<br />
• TviTgamoxatvis unari;<br />
• SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba;<br />
• samoqalaqo cnobiereba;<br />
• komunikaciis unari;<br />
• kvleva-Ziebis unari;<br />
• TviTSefasebisa <strong>da</strong> sakuTari saqmianobis warmarTvis<br />
unari.<br />
2. sagnobrivi programis ZiriTadi nawilSi (stan<strong>da</strong>rtSi)<br />
swavlis miznebi Camoyalibebulia konkretuli Sedegebis<br />
saxiT, anu im codnisa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis saxiT, romlebic<br />
moswavlem saswavlo procesis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg un<strong>da</strong><br />
warmoaCinos, stan<strong>da</strong>rtiT gansazRvruli Sedegebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
indikatorebis realizebis mizniT maswavlebels eZleva<br />
konkretuli miTiTebebi imasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, Tu rogor<br />
un<strong>da</strong> warimarTos saswavlo procesi, rom moswavleebma<br />
codna gaazrebulad <strong>da</strong> safuZvlianad SeiZinon;<br />
3. sagnobrivi programis <strong>da</strong>skvniTi nawili (Sinaarsi)<br />
moicavs savaldebulo (saxviTi xelovnebis ZiriTadi<br />
elementebi <strong>da</strong> principebi, masala <strong>da</strong> iaraRi, teqnika <strong>da</strong><br />
procedura, xelovnis aRqma konteqstSi) <strong>da</strong> sarekomen<strong>da</strong>cio<br />
sakiTxebis CamonaTvals (ideebis gamoxatva, SromiTi<br />
saqmianoba, komunikacia, rekomendebuli vizualuri masala).<br />
saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis swavleba sami<br />
mimarTulebiT xorcieldeba:<br />
1. SemoqmedebiTobisa <strong>da</strong> praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis ganvi-<br />
Tareba: moswavleebi euflebian saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi<br />
xelovnebis elementebs, principebs, gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebs,<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva masalas, teqnikasa <strong>da</strong> procedurebs; ivi-<br />
Tareben sakuTari ideebis, emociebis, warmosaxvis safuZvelze<br />
warmoSobili Canafiqris xorcSesxmis, SeZenili<br />
codnis praqtikaSi realizebis, masalisa <strong>da</strong> teqnikisadmi<br />
SemoqmedebiTi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis unar-Cvevebs;<br />
2. komunikacia <strong>da</strong> interpretacia: moswavleebi euflebian<br />
xelovnebis nimuSebze msjelobis, sakuTari mosazrebis<br />
Camoyalibebis, avtoris CanafiqrSi wvdomisa <strong>da</strong> mis<br />
mier gamoyenebuli gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis Tavise-<br />
16 17
urebebs, sakuTar codnasa <strong>da</strong> STabeWdilebebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT<br />
xelovnebis nimuSis Sefasebas; avlenen sakuTari<br />
<strong>da</strong> jgufuri namuSevrebis wardgenis, masze msjelobisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sefasebis, diskusiaSi monawileobis, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis<br />
RonisZiebis <strong>da</strong>gegmvisa <strong>da</strong> warmarTvis unar-Cvevebs;<br />
3. xelovnebis aRqma konteqstSi: moswavleebi ecnobian<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva epoqaSi Seqmnili qarTuli <strong>da</strong> msoflio xelovnebis<br />
nimuSebs, xalxuri Semoqmedebis zogierT <strong>da</strong>rgs,<br />
euflebian xelovnebis nimuSis Sinaarssa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>niSnulebaze,<br />
maTi Seqmnisa <strong>da</strong> Sefasebis, gansxvavebul istoriul,<br />
kulturul, socialur <strong>da</strong> sxva konteqstSi ganxilvis<br />
unar-Cvevebs; avlenen sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva epoqisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis<br />
xelovnebis nimuSebis amocnobisa <strong>da</strong> Se<strong>da</strong>rebis, nawarmoebis<br />
Sinaarsis istoriasTan, kulturasTan, religias-<br />
Tan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebis, sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi xelovnebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>niS nulebaze msjelobis unar-Cvevebs.<br />
saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis swavleba TiToeul<br />
konkretul safexurze Sesabamisi specifikiT gamoirCvea,<br />
rasac gansazRvravs TiToeuli asakobrivi safexuris moswavleTa<br />
individualuri fsiqologiuri, fizikuri, emociuri,<br />
SemecnebiTi Taviseburebebi. kerZod:<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebiT safexurze (I-VI klasebi) xelovnebis, rogorc<br />
saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi disciplinis pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur potencials<br />
misi TvalsaCino, saxeobrivi buneba gansaz-<br />
Rvravs. Sesabamisad, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, aqcentirebulia samyaros<br />
emociuri aRqma, TamaSze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli aqtivobebi, xelovnebis<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>rgis elementebis integrireba<br />
(xatva, musika, zRapari, leqsi, speqtakli, animaciuri<br />
filmi). aRniSnuli<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, am safexurze gansakuTrebul<br />
mniSvnelobas iZens moswavleTa emociuri <strong>da</strong><br />
saazrovno sferos, praqtikuli <strong>da</strong> sakomunikacio unarebis<br />
ganviTareba.<br />
sabazo safexurze (VII-IX klasebi) moswavleTa praqtikuli<br />
unar-Cvevebis <strong>da</strong>ufleba <strong>da</strong> Semdgomi ganviTareba<br />
mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs xelovnebis nimuSis analizis,<br />
masSi gamoyenebuli mxatvruli xerxebis, avtoris<br />
Canafiqris wvdomisaTvis. am etapze saTanado <strong>da</strong>tvirTvas<br />
iZens jgufuri muSaobis mravalmxrivi formebis gamoyeneba<br />
(saklaso konferencia, proeqti, aqcia, Semoqmedebi-<br />
Ti konkursi <strong>da</strong> sxv.), rac xels uwyobs kritikuli azrovnebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> argumentirebuli msjelobis, kvleva-Ziebis,<br />
problemaTa ga<strong>da</strong>Wris, SemoqmedebiTi TviTgamoxatvisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> TviTrealizaciis, TanamSromlobisa <strong>da</strong> sxva umniSvnelovanesi<br />
unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.<br />
saSualo safexurze (X-XII klasebi) moswavleTa mier<br />
SeZenili codna, unar-Cvevebi, faseulobebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebi<br />
qmnis myar safuZvels gacnobierebuli arCevanisaTvis<br />
(arCeviTi disciplina: saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi<br />
xelovneba _ praqtikuli/Teoriul-praqtikuli kursi).<br />
amgvarad, saganmanaTleblo sferoSi mimdinare arsebiTma<br />
siaxleebma gansazRvra radikaluri cvlilebebi<br />
saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis swavlebaSi. xelovnebis,<br />
rogorc savaldebulo saswavlo disciplinis<br />
<strong>swavlebis</strong> mizani farToa <strong>da</strong> mravalmxrivi: xeli<br />
Seuwyos moswavlis mravalmxriv harmoniul ganviTarebas,<br />
gauRrmavos Teoriuli codna saxviTi xelovnebis Ziri-<br />
Tad elementebsa <strong>da</strong> principebze, mxatvruli xerxebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> saSualebebis gamoyenebis mravalferovnebaze; gaumdidros<br />
mxatvruli STabeWdilebebi _ gaacnos msoflio<br />
xelovnebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva epoqis, mxatvruli mimdinareobisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> stilis nimuSebi; <strong>da</strong>exmaros moswavles, raTa man Se-<br />
Zlos xelovnebis nawarmoebis aRqma <strong>da</strong> masze msjeloba,<br />
misces SemoqmedebiTi TviTgamoxatvis, TviTrealizaciisa<br />
18 19
<strong>da</strong> TviTaqtualizaciis saSualeba mravalmxrivi praqtikul-SemoqmedebiTi<br />
unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebiT; xeli<br />
Seuwyos moswavlis, rogorc socialurad srulfasovani<br />
individis formirebisaTvis arsebiTi faseulobebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebis formirebas.<br />
ganisazRvra xelovnebis <strong>swavlebis</strong> meToduri orientirebic,<br />
rac ganpirobebulia erovnuli saswavlo gegmis<br />
moTxovnebiTa <strong>da</strong> sagnobrivi stan<strong>da</strong>rtiT gansazRvruli<br />
misaRwevi SedegebiT. kerZod:<br />
• xelovnebis sfero mWidrod un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
moswavlis cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan, mis interesebTan,<br />
SesaZleblobebTan, individualur maxasiaTeblebTan,<br />
rasac xeli un<strong>da</strong> Seuwyos rogorc saswavlo<br />
masalis Sinaarsma, ise <strong>swavlebis</strong> Tanamedrove tendenciebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebam, <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong> mravalmxrivi<br />
strategiis <strong>da</strong>nergvam, gakveTilis konstruirebis<br />
mravalferovani xerxis gamoyenebam, moswavleTa Sefasebis<br />
mravalgvari formebis gamoyenebam. aRniSnuli uzrunvelyofs<br />
motivaciis gazr<strong>da</strong>s xelovnebis gakveTilebisadmi,<br />
moswavlis aqtiur CarTvas saswavlo procesSi <strong>da</strong>, amas-<br />
Tan erTad, Seqmnis myar safuZvels im mimarTulebiT, rom<br />
xelovnebam mniSvnelovani adgili <strong>da</strong>ikavos moswavlis<br />
cxovrebaSi;<br />
• Tanamedrove skolis umniSvnelovanesi amocanis<br />
Sesabamisad, rasac moswavlis pirovnuli ganviTarebis<br />
aucilebloba Seadgens, xelovnebis <strong>swavlebis</strong>aTvis<br />
prioritetuli gax<strong>da</strong> mTel rig pirovnul TvisebaTa<br />
gamovlena-ganviTareba, rogoricaa: sakuTari mosazrebis<br />
naTlad, mkafiod Camoyalibeba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sabuTeba, gansxvavebuli<br />
azrisadmi pativiscema, problemebis <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wra, amxanagebTan TanamSromloba, erTobliv namuSevarze<br />
pasuxismgebloba, Sefasebisa <strong>da</strong> TviTSefasebis un-<br />
ar-Cvevebis gamovlena <strong>da</strong> sxv.;<br />
• integrirebisa <strong>da</strong> interdisciplinaruli kavSirebis<br />
realizeba xels Seuwyobs moswavleTa mier ara mxolod<br />
viwro sagnobrivi codnis <strong>da</strong>uflebas, aramed miscems maT<br />
codnis transferis SesaZleblobas, gaufarToebs SemecnebiT<br />
interesebs, safuZvels Cauyris farTo zogadkulturul<br />
ganviTarebas;<br />
• praqtikuli saqmianobis mravalmxrivi, xSirad alternatiuli<br />
formebis gamoyeneba uzrunvelyofs SeZenili<br />
codnis gansxvavebul konteqstSi gamoyenebis, praqtikul<br />
unar-CvevaTa <strong>da</strong>uflebas, fantaziis, SemoqmedebiTobis<br />
ganviTarebas <strong>da</strong>, rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, xels<br />
Seuwyobs moswavleTa SemoqmedebiT TviTgamoxatvasa <strong>da</strong><br />
TviTrealizacias.<br />
20 21
I.3. TanamSromlobiTi <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
principebi <strong>da</strong> realizebis formebi<br />
saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis sagnobrivi stan<strong>da</strong>rtiT<br />
gansazRvruli orientirebis realizebas, <strong>efeqturi</strong><br />
<strong>swavlebis</strong> ganxorcielebas bevrad ganapirobebs<br />
TanamSromlobiTi <strong>swavlebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>nergva.<br />
individualuri muSaobisas moswavle pasuxismgebelia<br />
mxolod sakuTar TavTan <strong>da</strong> maswavlebelTan. misi muSaobis<br />
Sedegi ar aris <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli sxva moswavleebTan<br />
TanamSromlobaze, maT warmatebebsa Tu warumateblobebze.<br />
konkurentuli <strong>swavlebis</strong> procesSi igi motivirebulia,<br />
rom sxva moswavleebze ukeTes Sedegs miaRwios,<br />
Sesabamisad, mxolod sakuTar Tavzea koncentrirebuli<br />
_ misi warmatebis safuZveli <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia imaze, Tu<br />
ramdenad sxvaze swrafad <strong>da</strong> xarisxobrivad Seasrulebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebas.<br />
TanamSromlobiTi swavleba mimarTulia partnioruli<br />
<strong>da</strong> jgufuri muSaobisaken, moiTxovs moswavleTa<br />
koordinirebul <strong>da</strong> konstruqciul aqtivobas problemis<br />
erToblivad ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetisa <strong>da</strong> saerTo miznis miRwevis<br />
mizniT, Sesabamisad, TanamSromlobiTi <strong>swavlebis</strong> efeqturobas<br />
gansazRvravs Semdegi ZiriTadi faqtorebi:<br />
• moswavleTa mier erTmaneTTan pozitiuri <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis<br />
mniSvnelobis, <strong>da</strong>debiTi urTierTgavlenis<br />
gacnobiereba ara mxolod piradi, aramed erToblivi<br />
warmatebisaTvis;<br />
• pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis gamovlena rogorc er-<br />
Toblivi muSaobis, ise saboloo produqtisadmi;<br />
• interpersonaluri urTierTobebis moTxovnilebis,<br />
urTierT<strong>da</strong>xmarebis gamovlena maT mier erToblivad ga-<br />
<strong>da</strong>saWreli amocanisadmi midgomis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva gzis Ziebis,<br />
Zvel <strong>da</strong> axal masalas Soris kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>myarebis,<br />
cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebis, interdisciplinaruli<br />
kavSirebis realizebis mizniT;<br />
• socializaciis unar-Cvevebis gamovlena, rac gamoixateba<br />
SemdegSi: konkretul erTobliv <strong>da</strong>valebaze muSaobisas<br />
moswavleebma ara mxolod codna un<strong>da</strong> gamoavlinon<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamocdilebis safuZvelze axali codnac miiRon,<br />
aramed gamoamJRavnon sociumSi qcevis unari, maRali<br />
motivacia, liderobis, ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miRebis, pasuxismgeblobis<br />
sakuTar Tavze aRebis, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
konfliqtebis mogvarebis unarebi;<br />
• erToblivi muSaobis organizeba, pozitiuri samuSao<br />
garemos Seqmna, miznis misaRwevad sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva meTodis<br />
gamoyeneba, erToblivi muSaobis analizi <strong>da</strong> Sefaseba.<br />
jgufuri muSaobis Taviseburebebis kvlevisas gansakuTrebul<br />
yuradRebas iqcevs iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa<br />
pirovnebaTSorisi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebis zegavlena<br />
jgufuri muSaobis efeqturobaze, jgufis Semadgenlobis<br />
individualur-fsiqologiur Taviseburebebze, jgufuri<br />
muSaobis pirobebSi SemecnebiTi amocanebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis<br />
Seswavla <strong>da</strong> sxv. kvlevebis Sedegebma mecnierebs<br />
SesaZlebloba misca gaekeTebinaT <strong>da</strong>skvna, rom jgufuri<br />
muSaoba meti efeqturobiT xasiaTdeba, vidre individualuri.<br />
jgufuri muSaobis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebad ki<br />
aRiniSna:<br />
• saswavlo masalis erToblivad aRqma-ganxilva;<br />
• erToblivi Zalisxmevis efeqturoba SemecnebiTi Tu<br />
SemoqmedebiTi amocanebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis procesSi;<br />
• movaleobebis/funqciebis ganawilebis <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis<br />
arseboba;<br />
• urTierTkontrolisa <strong>da</strong> pasuxismgeblobis arseboba;<br />
22 23
• jgufis wevrebs Soris muSaobis, misi msvlelobisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> kontrolis ganawilebis organizacia.<br />
jgufuri muSaobis mizanmimarTuli <strong>da</strong>gegmvisa <strong>da</strong><br />
warmarTvisaTvis mniSvnelovania garkveuli zogadi xasiaTis<br />
wesebis gaTvaliswineba. kerZod:<br />
• saklaso oTaxis sivrcis momzadeba <strong>da</strong> gamoyeneba;<br />
• monawileTa jgufuri diferenciacia;<br />
• TanamSromlobiTi urTierTobebis <strong>da</strong>regulireba:<br />
• konstruqciuli urTierTobebisaTvis aucilebeli<br />
saSualebebis gansazRvra <strong>da</strong> gamoyeneba;<br />
• Sefasebis adekvaturi formebisa <strong>da</strong> meTodebis gamoyeneba;<br />
• analizisa <strong>da</strong> TviTanalizis Cvevebis gamomuSavebaganviTareba;<br />
• erToblivi muSaobis procesSi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis<br />
Ziebis procesSi yuradRebis ga<strong>da</strong>tana jgufis qmedebebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> erTobliv Sedegze <strong>da</strong> ara calkeul individebze;<br />
• jgufis wevrebis Tanabar mdgomareobaSi gaTvaliswineba;<br />
• erTmaneTis Tanadgoma erTobliv muSaobaSi.<br />
jgufuri muSaobis procesSi moswavleebSi yalibdeba<br />
produqtiuli, SemoqmedebiTi midgoma <strong>da</strong>smuli amocanisadmi,<br />
romelsac erToblivad ga<strong>da</strong>wyveten. aRniSnuli<br />
xels uwyobs axali, gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis, ideebis,<br />
versiebis wamoyenebas, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c erToblivi ganxilvis<br />
procesSi SesaZlebelia nebismieri azrisa Tu<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis koreqtireba. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic,<br />
rom maswavlebeli yovelTvis mzad un<strong>da</strong> iyos moswavle-<br />
Ta arastan<strong>da</strong>rtuli azrovnebis gasagebad <strong>da</strong> misaRebad,<br />
rac u<strong>da</strong>vod mniSvnelovania moswavleebisaTvis.<br />
interaqtiuri <strong>swavlebis</strong> kidev erTi specifikuri<br />
maxa siaTebelia jgufuri <strong>da</strong> pirovnuli refleqsia, rom-<br />
lis procesSic xdeba moswavleTa qmedebebisa <strong>da</strong> emociuri<br />
mdgomareobis gaazreba. es ki TviTSemecnebis, TviT<strong>da</strong>kvirvebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> TviTanalizis safuZvelia, rac individis<br />
pirovnuli zrdis umniSvnelovanes pirobas warmoadgens.<br />
TanamSromlobiTi (socialuri) <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodi Sei-<br />
Zleba sxva <strong>da</strong>sxva mizniT iqnes gamoyenebuli. magaliTad:<br />
• moswavleebma imuSaon erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave amocanaze. am<br />
SemTxvevaSi jgufis TiToeul wevrs erTi <strong>da</strong> igive funqcia<br />
aqvs. aRniSnuli forma gansakuTrebiT <strong>efeqturi</strong>a<br />
axali masalaze muSaobisas.<br />
I.3. nimuSi 1.<br />
gakveTilis Tema `idea, Canafiqri, namuSevari~.<br />
maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs, Seqmnan grafikuli<br />
namuSevrebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvari xazis, Strixis gamoyenebiT,<br />
gadmoscen maTTvis sasurveli gamosaxulebebi,<br />
detalebi, faqtura, Seqmnan ganwyobileba, risTvisac<br />
gamoiyeneben maT mier ganxilul an <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
`aRmoCenil~ xerxebs. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom moswavleebi<br />
praqtikul samuSaos indiv1idualurad asruleben,<br />
praqtikuli saqmianoba jgufebSi warimarTeba. muSaobis<br />
procesSi moswavleebi erTmaneTs uziareben sakuTar<br />
azrs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvari xazis, Strixis gamoyenebis,<br />
faqturis miRebis Taobaze, `aRmoaCenen~ axal xerxebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> axdenen maT demonstrirebas. mosazrebaTa urTierTgaziarebis<br />
procesSi isini ukeT iTviseben axal masalas,<br />
avlenen SemoqmedebiTobas, sakuTari Canafiqris<br />
ganxorcielebas, amasTan, TanamSromloben erTmaneTTan.<br />
• <strong>da</strong>valeba, romelzec jgufi muSaobs, iTvaliswinebs<br />
jgufis wevrebs Soris funqciebis ganawilebas. am<br />
SemTxvevaSi jgufuri samuSaos Sesrulebis xarisxi<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia TiToeuli wevris muSaobis Sedegze.<br />
24 25
I.3. nimuSi 2.<br />
gakveTilis Tema `saocrebaTa qalaqi~.<br />
maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs, TiToeulma<br />
jgufma Seqmnas namuSevrebi, romlebSic gadmoscemen<br />
gakveTilze miRebul STabeWdilebebs. moswavleebi<br />
jgufurad msjeloben <strong>da</strong> erToblivad gansazRvraven,<br />
Tu ra saxis namuSevrebs Seqmnian (magaliTad, aplikaciis<br />
xerxiT gamosaxon <strong>da</strong>kidebuli baRebi, muyaosagan<br />
gaakeTon iSTaris karibWis erTgvari modeli, Seqmnan<br />
fantastikuri arsebebis reliefuri gamosaxulebebi an<br />
sxv.). erToblivi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg, moswavleebi<br />
gansazRvraven, ra masala <strong>da</strong> teqnika gamoiyenon,<br />
inawileben funqciebs <strong>da</strong> Seudgebian <strong>da</strong>valebis<br />
Sesrulebas. muSaobis procesSi moswavleebi interesdebian,<br />
Tu rogor asrulebs <strong>da</strong>kisrebul funqcias jgufis<br />
TiToeuli wevri, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi exmarebian<br />
erTmaneTs, aZleven rCevebs.<br />
jgufur muSaobas mniSvnelovani funqcia ekisreba<br />
Tanamedrove skolis ZiriTadi miznis gansaxorcieleblad,<br />
rac iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa aRWurvas ara mxolod<br />
konkretuli codnis moculobiT, aramed mTeli rigi socialuri<br />
<strong>da</strong> pirovnuli unar-CvevebiTac. jgufuri muSaobis<br />
efeqturobis kvlevisas mecnierebi mividnen <strong>da</strong>skvnamde, rom<br />
saklaso organizaciis es forma gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa<br />
moswavleTa konceptualuri ganviTarebisaTvis. kerZod,<br />
am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi ganixilaven ganviTarebis imave<br />
doneze myofi Tana klaselebis xSirad sruliad sawinaaRmdego<br />
poziciebs <strong>da</strong> swored SemecnebiTi kamaTi, kritikuli<br />
azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong> argumentirebuli msjelobis unar-Cvevebis<br />
gamovlenis fonze xdeba maTi konceptualuri ganviTareba.<br />
mniSvnelovania isic, rom jgufuri muSaobisas moswavleebi<br />
erToblivad wyveten problemebs, amasTan, ukeT iazreben<br />
axal cnebebs. izrdeba moswavleTa aqtiuroba, maRldeba<br />
motivacia, piradi pasuxismgebloba saerTo <strong>da</strong>valebis Sesrulebaze,<br />
moswavles meti Tavisufleba eniWeba, mas aqvs<br />
arCevanis gakeTebis, alternatiuli gzebis Ziebis SesaZlebloba.<br />
jgufuri muSaobisas miRebuli codna <strong>da</strong> gamocdileba<br />
exmareba maT Semdeg ukve <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli muSaobisas.<br />
amgvarad, jgufuri muSaoba flobs mTel rig upiratesobebs<br />
saklaso organizaciis sxva formebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT,<br />
rogoricaa, saerTo saklaso muSaoba, individualuri<br />
muSaoba. mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma mkafiod gaiazros<br />
saklaso organizaciis TiToeuli modelis rogorc<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi, ise uaryofiTi mxareebi <strong>da</strong> konkretuli<br />
saWiroebis mixedviT gamoiyenos TiToeuli maTgani. saklaso<br />
muSaobis procesi xels uwyobs klasis erTianobis<br />
SegrZnebas, moswavleTa mier saerTo problemebisa <strong>da</strong> interesebis<br />
gacnobierebas. am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebelic<br />
mkafiod SeigrZnobs klasis ganwyobas, <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas<br />
ara mxolod sagnis, aramed konkretuli saswavlo masalisa<br />
Tu situaciis mimarT. rac Seexeba <strong>da</strong>moukidebel<br />
muSaobas, saklaso organizebis aRniSnuli tradiciuli<br />
forma mniSvnelovania moswavlis mobilizebis, <strong>da</strong>kvirvebulobis,<br />
codnis sistemaSi moyvanis, SeZenili codnis<br />
xarisxis Sefasebis, TviTSefasebis unaris gamovlenis<br />
TvalsazrisiT.<br />
moswavleebi SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>jgufdnen wyvilebad, triadebad,<br />
mcire (4-5 moswavle) <strong>da</strong> did (6 <strong>da</strong> meti moswavle)<br />
jgufebad, rac <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
safexurze, agreTve <strong>da</strong>valebis specifikasa <strong>da</strong> moculobaze.<br />
mniSvnelovan pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili<br />
mcire jgufebSi muSaoba, rodesac xdeba gansxvavebuli<br />
26 27
versiebis wamoyeneba, maTi analizi <strong>da</strong> Sejereba. am Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT ioldeba jgufuri samuSaos <strong>da</strong>gegmva<br />
<strong>da</strong> marTva.<br />
jgufuri muSaoba SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
tipis <strong>da</strong>valebisaTvis nebismier saganSi, <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
nebismier safexurze, amasTan, saswavlo procesis<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva etapze (prezentacia, Sejameba <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
mniSvnelovania, <strong>da</strong>valeba xels uwyobdes gakveTilis<br />
saswavlo miznebis miRwevas, amasTan, formulirebul<br />
iqnes naTlad <strong>da</strong> mkafiod, yvela etapis gaazrebiT.<br />
jgufuri muSaobis warmarTvisaTvis mniSvnelovania<br />
wina samuSaos Catareba, rasac SeiZleba Seadgendes<br />
nebismieri saklaso aqtivoba. ase magaliTad, winasamotivacio<br />
kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma, mosazrebaTa urTierTgaziareba,<br />
debatebi <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
I.3. nimuSi 3.<br />
gakveTilis Tema `qan<strong>da</strong>keba <strong>da</strong> garemo~.<br />
maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs, <strong>da</strong>asaxelon<br />
qan<strong>da</strong>kebis maTTvis cnobili nimuSebi, skulpturuli<br />
kompoziciebi <strong>da</strong> gamoTqvan mosazrebebi, Tu ra mizniT<br />
aris TiToeuli maTgani Seqmnili (istoriuli pirisa<br />
Tu RirsSesaniSnavi movlenis ukv<strong>da</strong>vsayofad, dekoratiuli,<br />
religiuri an sxva mizniT), rogoria garemo,<br />
romelSic TiToeuli maTgania warmodgenili, gamoxaton<br />
sakuTari <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba _ romeli maTgani ufro<br />
misaRebia maTTvis <strong>da</strong> ratom.<br />
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTavazobs maT, TiToeulma<br />
jgufma warmoadginos sakuTari mosazrebebi imis Taobaze,<br />
Tu rogor qan<strong>da</strong>kebas <strong>da</strong> ra mizniT Seqmnidnen,<br />
rogor garemoSi warmoadgendnen <strong>da</strong> ratom, Semdeg ki<br />
gaakeTon eskizebi, romelTa jgufuri ganxilvis Semdeg<br />
gaacnoben Tanaklaselebs, maTi azriT, saukeTeso namu-<br />
Sevars, <strong>da</strong>asabuTeben erTobliv arCevans.<br />
saganmanaTleblo procesis monawileTa urTierTqmedebis<br />
organizebisaTvis mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebeli<br />
orientirebuli iyos moswavleebTan konstruqciul<br />
urTierTqmedebaze, gaiTvaliswinos organizatoruli,<br />
komunikaciuri, SefasebiTi <strong>da</strong> sxva unarebis koreqciis<br />
SesaZlebloba.<br />
28 29
Tavi II. <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
<strong>teqnologiebi</strong><br />
II.1. saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba<br />
`yoveli WeSmariteba, romelsac moswavle un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>euflos,<br />
man xelaxla un<strong>da</strong> aRmoaCinos <strong>da</strong> ara ubralod<br />
mza saxiT miiRos~; `gageba niSnavs aRmoCenas, an xelaxla<br />
aRmoCenas~, _ wer<strong>da</strong> Sveicarieli fsiqologi Jan piaJe. 1<br />
piaJesTvis bavSvi aris ara individualuri Semsrulebeli,<br />
aramed individualurad moazrovne, romelic codnis<br />
aTvisebis gar<strong>da</strong> iZens saazrovno, agreTve mTel rig<br />
sxva umniSvnelovanes unarebs. maTi saSualebiT ara mxolod<br />
SeZenili codna xdeba myari, funqciuri, aramed<br />
moswavles SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>moukideblad marTos sakuTari<br />
<strong>swavlebis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis procesi.<br />
`koncefcia _ wer<strong>da</strong> rusi fsiqologi l.s. vigodski,<br />
_ ara asocirebul urTierTobaTa ubralo jamia, romelic<br />
<strong>da</strong>zepirebiT SeiZineba, arc avtomaturi inteleqtualuri<br />
Cvevaa, aramed azrovnebis rTuli <strong>da</strong> WeSmariti<br />
aqti, romelic ar Seiswavleba praqtikuli varjiSiT.<br />
aramed moiTxovs, rom TviT bavSvis azrovneba amaRldes<br />
Tavisi Sinagani ganviTarebiT im donemde, rom koncefcia<br />
gonebaSi amotivtivdes.~ 2 cxadia, l.s. vigodski gulisxmob<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom codnis sistemuri aTviseba ar miiReba<br />
ubralo zepirobiT (pasiuri aRqmiT), aramed moiTxovs<br />
namdvil inteleqtualur saqmianobas, romlis proces-<br />
Sic bavSvi ara mxolod codnas iZens, aramed azrovnebis<br />
1 Л. С. Выгодский, ,,Педагогическая психология#, М.,1991. с. 29.<br />
2 Флейвелл Д. Х. Генетическая психология Ж. Пиаже, пер. с англ.<br />
М. 1981. с. 47.<br />
axal formebsac eziareba; Tumca, rogorc l.s. vigodski<br />
Tvli<strong>da</strong>, `yvela saxis swavlas rodi mohyveba ganviTareba.<br />
cnebaTa uSualod sityvieri ga<strong>da</strong>cemis mcdelobiT<br />
araferi miiRweva, gar<strong>da</strong> sityvebis uazro aTvisebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
ubralo mravalsityvaobisa, rac bavSvSi am cnebaTa arsebobis<br />
moCvenebiTobas qmnis, sinamdvileSi ki mxolod<br />
vakuums niRbavs.<br />
saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba erovnuli saswavlo<br />
gegmis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi mizania. mniSvnelovania,<br />
rom moswavlem ara mxolod <strong>da</strong>imaxsovros<br />
garkveuli saxiT miwodebuli informacia. codnis <strong>da</strong>grovebasTan<br />
erTad (informaciis SenarCuneba) man un<strong>da</strong><br />
SeZlos am codnis gageba, gamoyeneba, analizi, sinTezi <strong>da</strong><br />
Sefaseba.<br />
moswavleTa saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisa-<br />
Tvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens maswavleblis<br />
mier kiTxvebis mizanmimarTulad <strong>da</strong>sma (maswavlebeli<br />
flobdes kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>smis teqnikas), ramac un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyos<br />
misaRwevi Sedegi. klasificirebis Sesabamisad,<br />
formis mixedviT gamoyofen ori tipis kiTxvebs _ Rias<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xuruls.<br />
pasuxi <strong>da</strong>xurul kiTxvaze xSir SemTxvevaSi sagakveTilo<br />
masalaSia mocemuli. zogjer iTvaliswinebs<br />
mxolod <strong>da</strong>debiTi an uaryofiTi pasuxis gacemas (`ki~<br />
an `ara~).<br />
II.1. nimuSi 1.<br />
• aris Tu ara ferwerul nawarmoebSi gamoyenebuli<br />
kontrastuli ferebi?<br />
• asruleb<strong>da</strong> Tu ara ganmsazRvrel rols religia<br />
Zveli egviptis xelovnebaSi?<br />
30 31
SesaZlebelia <strong>da</strong>xuruli kiTxvis teqstSi winaswar<br />
iyos mocemuli pasuxebis arCevani <strong>da</strong> moswavlem mxolod<br />
erTi, swori pasuxi un<strong>da</strong> SearCios.<br />
II.1. nimuSi 2.<br />
ras niSnavs sityva `restavracia?<br />
1. aRdgenas;<br />
2. axlis Seqmnas;<br />
3. Secvlas.<br />
saoqromWedlo saxelosnos kvali aRmoCenilia<br />
1. armazSi;<br />
2. vanSi;<br />
3. TrialeTSi.<br />
Ria kiTxvis pasuxi ar aris pir<strong>da</strong>pir mocemuli<br />
sagakveTilo masalaSi. moswavles eZleva sruli Tavisufleba<br />
sakuTari mosazrebis gamosaTqmelad, versiebis<br />
wamosayeneblad.<br />
II.1. nimuSi 3.<br />
• rogor fiqrobT, romeli suraTia Seqmnili plenerze?<br />
<strong>da</strong>asabuTeT Tqveni azri.<br />
• ra informaciis miRebaa SesaZlebeli yofiTi Janris<br />
nimuSi<strong>da</strong>n?<br />
• ra mizniTaa gamoyenebuli Suq-Crdilisa <strong>da</strong> ganaTebis<br />
SesaZleblobebi am namuSevarSi?<br />
• ra mosazrebiT irCevs mxatvari ferwerul teqnikas<br />
namuSevris Sesaqmnelad?<br />
• xelovnebis romeli <strong>da</strong>rgis sawyisebs xe<strong>da</strong>vT TrialeTis<br />
vercxlis Tasze mocemul siuJetSi?<br />
• ra mniSvneloba aqvs arqeologias xelovnebis SeswavlisaTvis?<br />
• ra roli Seasrula qvacxelas sacxovrisis CamoyalibebaSi<br />
xis masalis gamoyenebam?<br />
• ratom gvxvdeba aRmosavluri wignis miniaturebSi,<br />
mxatvrobis sxva <strong>da</strong>rgebisagan gansxvavebiT, a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />
gamosaxulebebi, siuJeturi kompoziciebi?<br />
• ram ganapiroba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva religiis salocavebis<br />
Tanaarseboba Cvens de<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi?<br />
<strong>da</strong>xuruli kiTxvebi gamoiyeneba maSin, rodesac moswavle<br />
ukve flobs pasuxis gasacemad saWiro informacias,<br />
Ria kiTxvebs ki maSin, rodesac saWiroa sruliad<br />
axali informaciis gamoyeneba/versiis wamoyeneba.<br />
amgvarad, azrovnebis amoqmedebaSi moswavles exmareba<br />
garkveuli saxiT miwodebuli informacia. <strong>efeqturi</strong><br />
swavlisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong>aTvis mniSvnelovania informaciis<br />
miwodebis im konkretuli formebis gamoyeneba, romlebic<br />
xels Seuwyobs azrovnebis ganviTarebas. am TvalsazrisiT<br />
sayuradReboa d. perkinsis e.w. `Teoria erTi~, 1<br />
romlis mixedviTac informaciis myarad aTvisebas xels<br />
uwyobs Semdegi faqtorebi:<br />
• mkafio informacia;<br />
• gaazrebuli praqtika;<br />
• gamoxmaureba, rac gulisxmobs rCevebsa <strong>da</strong> Sefasebas<br />
Sedegebis gasaumjobeseblad;<br />
• Zlieri Sinagani <strong>da</strong> garegani motivacia.<br />
1 Perkins, D. (1992). Smart Schools: Better thinking and learning for<br />
every child. NY: The free press.<br />
32 33
II.1. nimuSi 4.<br />
tradiciuli meTodebiT <strong>swavlebis</strong>as aRorZinebis<br />
xanis xelovnebis Seswavlisas maswavleblisaTvis<br />
mniSvnelovania moswavleebma aRniSnon, Tu romel istoriul<br />
periods moicavs renesansis xana, ra maxasiaTeblebiT<br />
gamoirCeva, vin arian umniSvnelovanesi<br />
warmomadgenlebi <strong>da</strong> a.S. <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong>aTvis<br />
mniSvnelovania moswavleTa saazrovno unar-Cvevebis<br />
ganviTareba. Sesabamisad, maswavleblisaTvis mniSvnelovania<br />
ara mxolod aRniSnul xanasTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />
Sirebuli informaciis aTviseba, aramed moswavleTa<br />
mier imis gacnobierebac, Tu ram ganapiroba siaxleebi<br />
xelovnebis (<strong>da</strong> ara mxolod) sferoSi, anu im<br />
winamZRvrebis gansazRvra, romelTac ganapirobes am<br />
udidesi mniSvnelobis epoqis Taviseburebebi. am Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi mniSvnelovani xdeba kiTxvebi ara mxolod<br />
`ra~, `rodis~ <strong>da</strong> `sad~, aramed `ratom~. moswavleebi<br />
cdiloben sakiTxis ganxilvas farTo _ istoriul,<br />
religiur, kulturul _ konteqstSi. gar<strong>da</strong><br />
amisa, maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs ara<br />
mxolod ZiriTadi saswavlo masalis analizs, aramed<br />
informaciis <strong>da</strong>moukideblad moZiebas, faqtebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> movlenebis Sepirispirebas, paralelebis gavlebas,<br />
garkveuli <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gakeTebas. TavisTavad, am<br />
kuTxiT mniSvnelovani xdeba interdisciplinaruli<br />
kavSirebis amoqmedebac (istoria, literatura,<br />
musika, bunebismcodneoba <strong>da</strong> sxv.), agreTve moswavlis<br />
mier <strong>da</strong>moukideblad, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wyaro<strong>da</strong>n miRebuli<br />
TemasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli nebismieri saxis informaciis<br />
gaanalizebisa <strong>da</strong> argumentirebuli <strong>da</strong>skvnebis<br />
gakeTebis unar-Cvevebis gamovlena.<br />
perkinsis Teoriis amoqmedebisaTvis saTanado mniSvnelobas<br />
iZens iseTi meTodebis gamoyeneba, romlebic<br />
sayuradReboa moswavleTa azrovnebis aqtivaciis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
esenia:<br />
di<strong>da</strong>qtikuri meTodi. aRniSnuli meTodi iTvaliswinebs<br />
informaciis miwodeba moswavleebisaTvis dialogis<br />
formiT xdeba. maswavlebels cnebis asaxsnelad mohyavs<br />
magaliTebi, amyarebs kavSirs axal <strong>da</strong> Zvel cnebebs Soris.<br />
informaciis gacvlis procesSi saswavlo procesis<br />
orive mxare _ maswavlebelic <strong>da</strong> moswavlec monawileobs<br />
codnis agebis procesSi. ase magaliTad:<br />
• di<strong>da</strong>qtikuri meTodis gamoyenebisas maswavlebeli<br />
sTxovs moswavleebs gakveTilis mTavari sakiTxebis,<br />
faqtebis, movlenebis gaxsenebas;<br />
• sTavazobs maT, wakiTxuli an mosmenili informaciis<br />
sakuTari sityvebiT gadmocemas;<br />
• mohyavs mravalmxrivi magaliTebi axali cnebis axsnisas;<br />
• sakuTari mosazrebebis gar<strong>da</strong> ganixilavs sxvebis<br />
mosazrebebsac;<br />
• axali masalis axsnisa <strong>da</strong> ganmtkicebis mizniT iyenebs<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvar aqtivobas (eqsperimenti, <strong>da</strong>matebiTi<br />
informaciis moZieba-gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
sokratuli meTodi. aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebisas<br />
maswavlebeli ar awodebs moswavleebs aranair informacias,<br />
svams ara informaciul, aramed problebur kiTxvebs,<br />
romelTa saSualebiTac moswavleebi <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
midian problemis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetamde. moswavleebi msjeloben<br />
<strong>da</strong>smuli problemis irgvliv, ayeneben sakuTar versiebs,<br />
aanalizeben Tanaklaselebis argumentebs.<br />
34 35
keTebiT swavleba. am meTodis gamoyenebisas maswavlebeli<br />
moswavleebs awvdis naTel <strong>da</strong> mkafio instruqcias<br />
eqsperimentisaTvis, romlis procesSi ganxorcielebuli<br />
qmedebebic xels Seuwyobs moswavleebs<br />
axali codnis aTvisebasa Tu konkretuli unaris ganviTarebaSi.<br />
keTebiT <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodis gamoyenebis<br />
dros moswavleebi ara mxolod gamocdilebiT swavlas<br />
euflebian, rac Tavis mxriv mniSvnelovan efeqtzea<br />
gaTvlili, aramed iyeneben axal cnebebs, <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
akeTeben saTanado <strong>da</strong>skvnebs, rac zrdis motivacias axali<br />
masalisadmi, amasTan, moswavleebi ukeT acnobiereben<br />
konkretul sakiTxs/Temas.<br />
TanamSromlobiTi (socialuri) <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodis gamoyeneba<br />
iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa CarTvas TanamSromlobiT<br />
saqmianobaSi (jgufuri muSaoba), rodesac isini<br />
erToblivad muSaoben mocemul amocanaze, eZieben misi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wris gzebs, akeTeben <strong>da</strong>skvnebs, asabuTeben sakuTar<br />
mosazrebebs, gamoxataven erTobliv ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas,<br />
azrs, ideas, versias Tanaklaselebis winaSe. jgufuri<br />
muSaoba xels uwyobs cnebiTi, abstraqtuli azrovnebis<br />
ganviTarebas, uzrunvelyofs motivaciis gazr<strong>da</strong>sa <strong>da</strong><br />
pozitiuri <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis formirebas zoga<strong>da</strong>d, saswavlo<br />
procesisadmi. amasTan, aviTarebs TanamSromlobiT<br />
urTierTobebs, komunikaciur <strong>da</strong> socialur unar-<br />
Cvevebs.<br />
moswavleTa saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisaTvis,<br />
mniSvnelovania maTi CarTva mravalferovan aqtivobebSi.<br />
am TvalsazrisiT saTanado <strong>da</strong>tvirTvas iZens<br />
moswavleTa mier sakuTari azrovnebis procesebis gacnobierebac.<br />
arsebobs mravali aRiarebuli strategia,<br />
romlebic xels uwyoben gacnobierebul swavlebas, azrovnebas<br />
sakuTari azrovnebis Sesaxeb. zogierTi maTganisaTvis<br />
ganmsazRvrel mniSvnelobas iZens mTeli rigi<br />
saTanado kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma, romlebze pasuxis gacemisas<br />
moswavle ukeT acnobierebs sakuTar muSaobas (<strong>da</strong>gegmva,<br />
warmarTva, Sefaseba), sakuTari azrovnebis ganviTarebis<br />
miRwevebsa <strong>da</strong> naklovan mxareebs.<br />
moswavlis saazrovno (kognituri) unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis Tavi meore klasifikaciaTagan, romelTa<br />
blumis taqsonomia <strong>da</strong> misi gamoyeneba<br />
mizanicaa moswavlis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saswavlo azrovnebis disciplinebSi aqtivacia, saswavlo<br />
procesisaTvis gansakuTrebul aqtualobas iZens blumis<br />
arsebobs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saazrovno (SemecnebiTi) unarebis klasifika-<br />
taqsonomia.<br />
ciebi, romelTa codnac <strong>da</strong>exmareba maswavlebels, ukeT <strong>da</strong>gegmos <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
procesi <strong>da</strong> moaxdinos moswavlis azrovnebis aqtivacia.<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d, aq ganvixilavT taqsonomia erT-erT maTgans. klasifikaciis blumis saazrovno (kognituri) principebis<br />
struqturas unarebis ganviTarebis warmoadgens taqsonomia (sityva Seiqmna specialurad `taqsonomia~ ganaTlebis Tanmim-<br />
miznebisaTvis. zoga<strong>da</strong>d, taqsonomia aris klasifikaciis principebis<br />
devrobiT nakrebi an <strong>da</strong>lagebis struqtura. blumis kanonzomierebas (Bloom, et al, 1956) aRniSnavs). mixedviT, azrovnebis blumis<br />
mixedviT, an Semecnebis azrovnebis unari eqvs unari doned SeiZleba eqvs doned <strong>da</strong>iyos. es iyofa, doneebia: romlebic<br />
codna,<br />
gageba, gamoyeneba, analizi, sinTezi <strong>da</strong> Sefaseba. azrovnebis es donee-<br />
safexurebad bi safexurebad aris ganlagebuli, ganlagebuli. sa<strong>da</strong>c yoveli momdevno momdevno done ufro done<br />
azrovnebis rTuldeba <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis moicavs erT an Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT ramdenime wina maRal dones. codna, safexurs gageba <strong>da</strong> war-<br />
gamoyeneba qve<strong>da</strong> doneSi moiazreba, xolo analizi, sinTezi <strong>da</strong> Sefaseba<br />
moadgens, amasTan moicavs erT an ramdenime wina dones.<br />
ki – ze<strong>da</strong> doneSi.<br />
blumis saazrovno unarebis klasifikacia sqematurad Semdegi saxiT<br />
SeiZleba warmovidginoT blumis (ix. nax taqsonomia<br />
# @@#<br />
@#1:<br />
blumis taqsonomia );<br />
36 ganvixiloT es doneebi cal-calke:<br />
37<br />
18<br />
Sefaseba<br />
sinTezi<br />
analizi<br />
gamoyeneba<br />
gageba<br />
codna<br />
codna niSnavs raimes Sesaxeb informaciis qonas <strong>da</strong> raime saqmis an<br />
moqmedebis Sesasruleblad saWiro xerxebis flobas.<br />
b. blumis mixedviT, codna ganixileba, rogorc azrovnebis qve<strong>da</strong><br />
donis unar-Cveva <strong>da</strong> masSi igulisxmeba:<br />
• faqtebis, wesebis, principebis, Teoriebis, TariRebis, proces-
ganvixiloT TiToeuli zemoaRniSnuli done:<br />
codna, blumis mixedviT, azrovnebis qve<strong>da</strong> donis unar-<br />
Cvevaa. es done gulisxmobs:<br />
• faqtebis, TariRebis, wesebis, stilis, movlenebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
a.S. cnobasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxelebas;<br />
• terminologiis, konkretuli monacemebis, procedurebis<br />
codnas;<br />
• audio, vizualuri <strong>da</strong> grafikuli informaciis <strong>da</strong>maxsovrebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> gaxsenebas zusti an msgavsi formiT.<br />
gageba, iseve rogorc codna, azrovnebis qve<strong>da</strong> donis<br />
unar-Cvevaa <strong>da</strong> gulisxmobs:<br />
• faqtebis, TariRebis, wesebis, stilis, movlenebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
a.S. sakuTari sityvebiT aRweras;<br />
• teqstis ZiriTadi azris gadmocemas sakuTari sityvebiT;<br />
• pasuxis gacemas teqstis Sinaarsis gagebaze mimar-<br />
Tul kiTxvaze;<br />
• audio, vizualuri <strong>da</strong> grafikuli informaciis erTi<br />
formi<strong>da</strong>n meoreSi ga<strong>da</strong>tanas;<br />
• Sesabamisi magaliTebis moyvanas;<br />
• sagnebis, movlenebis, procesebis, stilis TvalsaCino<br />
niSniT <strong>da</strong>xarisxebasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>jgufebas.<br />
gamoyeneba, wina ori donis msgavsad, azrovnebis qve<strong>da</strong><br />
donis unar-Cvevaa <strong>da</strong> gulisxmobs:<br />
• codnis gamoyenebas gansxvavebul konteqstSi;<br />
• samuSaos Sesrulebas modelis (nimuSis) mixedviT;<br />
• konkretuli proceduris ganxorcielebas.<br />
analizi, blumis mixediT, azrovnebis ze<strong>da</strong> donis unar-Cvevaa,<br />
romlis drosac xdeba mTliani sagnis calke<br />
nawilebis, Tvisebebis gamoyofa <strong>da</strong> gulisxmobs:<br />
• masalis (nawarmoebis, struqturis) Semadgenel<br />
nawilebad <strong>da</strong>yofas, nawilebis Se<strong>da</strong>reba-Sepirispirebas,<br />
maT Soris kavSiris <strong>da</strong>naxvas;<br />
• movlenis mizezis axsnas;<br />
• mizezebsa <strong>da</strong> Sedegebs Soris kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>dgenas.<br />
sinTezi, romelic blumis mixedviT azrovnebis ze<strong>da</strong><br />
donis unar-Cvevaa, analizis sawinaaRmdego process warmoadgens<br />
_ calkeuli elementebis gonebaSi gaerTianebas<br />
(axali struqturuli mTlianobis saxiT calkeuli<br />
nawilebisagan axali mTlianobis Sedgena) <strong>da</strong> gulisxmobs:<br />
• SemoqmedebiTi produqtis Seqmnas;<br />
• problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris alternatiuli gzebis wamoyenebas;<br />
• kvlevis/referatis <strong>da</strong>gegmvas;<br />
• problemis ga<strong>da</strong>WrisaTvis saWiro moqmedebebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmvas;<br />
• axali produqtis (inteleqtualuri an materialuri)<br />
Seqmnas.<br />
Sefaseba, rogorc azrovnebis ze<strong>da</strong> donis unar-Cveva,<br />
gulisxmobs:<br />
raimeze msjelobas an <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gamotanas arCeul<br />
kriteriumebze, pirobebze <strong>da</strong> a.S. <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT. kerZod:<br />
• sakuTari poziciis (arCevanis) argumentirebul<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabuTebas;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gakeTebas garkveul kriteriumebze<br />
<strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT;<br />
• problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris ramdenime gzi<strong>da</strong>n erT-erTis<br />
arCevis marTebulobis <strong>da</strong>sabuTebas;<br />
• mtkicebulebis (magaliTad, prezentaciis) mniS-<br />
38 39
vnelovnebis <strong>da</strong>sabuTebas;<br />
• monacemebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnebis Sesabamisobis <strong>da</strong>dgenas.<br />
AganvixiloT azrovnebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva donis aqtivaciis<br />
nimuSebi xelovnebis gakveTilze.<br />
II.1. nimuSi 5.<br />
codna scadeT, amoicnoT mocemul nimuSebSi gamoyenebuli<br />
Tbili <strong>da</strong> civi ferebi.<br />
gageba rogor ferebs gamoiyenebdiT zamTris peizaJis<br />
Seqmnisas? Semodgomis peizaJisTvis?<br />
gamoyeneba survilisamebr, <strong>da</strong>xateT zamTris an Semodgomis<br />
peizaJi <strong>da</strong> gamoiyeneT saTanado ferebi (civi an<br />
Tbili).<br />
analizi isaubreT nawarmoebze masSi gamoyenebuli ferebis<br />
kuTxiT.<br />
sinTezi scadeT, gadmosceT TqvenTvis sasurveli ganwyobileba<br />
(magaliTad, sixaruli, sev<strong>da</strong>), risTvisac<br />
gamoiyenebT civ an Tbil ferebs.<br />
Sefaseba aRwereT namuSevari, imsjeleT masSi gamoyenebul<br />
ferebze, gadmoeciT Tqveni <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>asabuTeT, ram SegiqmnaT esa Tu is ganwyoba.<br />
tradiciulad, saskolo praqtikaSi aqcentirebuli<br />
iyo azrovnebis qve<strong>da</strong> doneebis unar-Cvevebis (codna,<br />
gageba, gamoyeneba) ganviTareba. rac Seexeba ze<strong>da</strong> donis<br />
unar-Cvevebs, am mimarTulebiT maswavleblebi garkveul<br />
sirTuleebs awydebian, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c tradiciuli swavleba<br />
ar iyo orientirebuli aRniSnuli doneebis ganviTarebaze<br />
(analizi, sinTezi, Sefaseba).<br />
azrovnebis ze<strong>da</strong> doneebis aqtivaciam saTanado mniSvneloba<br />
SeiZina pirovnebaze orientirebul saswavlo<br />
procesSi, rac ganxorcielebadia mxolod mizanmimar-<br />
Tuli meToduri xerxebis gamoyenebiT. ase magaliTad,<br />
Tu moswavlisaTvis rTulia <strong>da</strong>smuli amocanis ga<strong>da</strong>Wra,<br />
mniSvnelovan pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili e.w. <strong>da</strong>mazustebeli<br />
SekiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
amgvari kiTxvebis gamoyenebiT maswavlebels SeuZlia<br />
qve<strong>da</strong> donis saazrovno unar-Cvevebi<strong>da</strong>n nabij-nabij Seuwyos<br />
xeli azrovnebis maRali doneebis amoqmedebas.<br />
II.1. nimuSi 6.<br />
analizis doneze orientirebuli <strong>da</strong>mazustebeli<br />
SekiTxvebis nimuSi<br />
1. aRwereT mocemuli nawarmoebi. gageba<br />
2. rogor STabeWdilebas axdens Tqvenze<br />
es suraTi <strong>da</strong> ratom?<br />
3. gamoTqviT azri, ra kavSiria suraTze<br />
gamosaxul sagnebs Soris.<br />
4. rogor fiqrobT, ra Canafiqri hqon<strong>da</strong><br />
avtors?<br />
gamoyeneba/ analizi<br />
analizi<br />
40 41<br />
analizi<br />
II.1. nimuSi 7.<br />
sinTezis doneze orientirebuli <strong>da</strong>mazustebeli<br />
SekiTxvebis nimuSi<br />
1. <strong>da</strong>asaxeleT mcire plastikis nimuSebi- gageba<br />
saTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli niSnebi.<br />
2. <strong>da</strong>fiqrdiT, ras gamoZerwavT? gamoyeneba<br />
3. romel saxasiaTo niSnebs gamoyofT analizi<br />
Tqvens namuSevarSi?<br />
4. ra masalas SearCevT Canafiqris gansax- sinTezi<br />
orcieleblad?
II.1. nimuSi 8.<br />
Sefasebis doneze orientirebuli <strong>da</strong>mazustebeli<br />
SekiTxvebis nimuSi<br />
1. aRwereT mocemuli namuSevari. codna/gageba<br />
2. ra masala gamoiyena mxatvarma? gageba/gamoyeneba<br />
3. rogor fiqrobT, realuri samyaros su- analizi<br />
raTia Tu avtoris fantaziiT Seqmnili?<br />
4. ra saxasiaTo niSnebia xazgasmuli namu- analizi<br />
SevarSi?<br />
5. Seesatyviseba Tu ara avtoris mier Ser- Sefaseba<br />
Ceuli masala mis Canafiqrs?<br />
6. gamoxateT Tqveni <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba moce- Sefaseba<br />
muli namuSevrisadmi.<br />
unari a<strong>da</strong>mianis Tan<strong>da</strong>yolili SesaZleblobaa, romelic<br />
mxolod SesaZleblobis, potencialis saxiTaa<br />
mocemuli. garkveuli unar-Cvevis ganviTareba mxolod<br />
saTanado moqmedebebis safuZvelze aris SesaZlebeli.<br />
unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba etapobrivad xdeba, risTvisac<br />
moswavlem garkveuli etapebi un<strong>da</strong> gaiaros.<br />
gamoyofen unar-Cvevis ganviTarebis sam fazas:<br />
1. wvdomis faza. am etapze mniSvnelovania Sesaswavli<br />
operaciis wvdoma, Secnoba, gageba;<br />
2. aTvisebis. anu gavarjiSebis faza, romelic iTvaliswinebs<br />
pirvel etapze gagebuli operaciis/informaciis<br />
procedurulad gamoyenebas. Sesabamisad, yuradReba<br />
mimarTulia konkretuli operaciis aTvisebaze <strong>da</strong> ara<br />
kompleqsuri <strong>da</strong>valebis Sesrulebaze sxva, <strong>da</strong>matebiTi<br />
informaciiTa <strong>da</strong> operaciiT;<br />
3. avtomatizaciis anu <strong>da</strong>uflebis faza. am etapze moswavlis<br />
Zalisxmeva mimarTulia unar-Cvevis gamoyenebaze<br />
konteqstis Sesabamisad.<br />
xSir SemTxvevaSi, rodesac <strong>da</strong>valeba kompleqsuri<br />
xasiaTisaa, ikveTeba ormagi mizani, romelTaganac erTi<br />
mimarTulia aRqma-gagebaze, meore ki _ Seqmna-warmoebaze.<br />
ase magaliTad, xelovnebis gakveTilze moswavlem un<strong>da</strong><br />
imsjelos konkretuli Janris/stilis mimarTulebis nimuSze,<br />
Semdeg ki <strong>da</strong>moukideblad Seqmnas amave Janris/<br />
stilis/mimarTulebis namuSevari.<br />
maswavleblis winaSe dgeba problema, romelic man<br />
un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitos. kerZod, rogor uzrunvelyos Tanmimdevruli<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>efeqturi</strong> svla aRqma-gagebi<strong>da</strong>n Seqmnamde.<br />
amisaTvis mniSvnelovania Semdegi:<br />
• mkafiod ganisazRvros, ra produqti un<strong>da</strong> Seqmnas<br />
moswavlem mesame fazaSi;<br />
• ra codna <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebi <strong>da</strong>sWirdeba mas <strong>da</strong>saxuli<br />
miznis misaRwevad (<strong>da</strong>iSalos kompleqsuri xasiaTis<br />
mizani qvemiznebad);<br />
• mxolod amis Semdeg ganisazRvreba saswavlo miznebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi aqtivobebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen<br />
aucilebeli unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas pirvel <strong>da</strong> meore<br />
fazaSi.<br />
aRqma-gagebi<strong>da</strong>n Seqmnamde Tanmimdevruli svlis uzrunvelyofis<br />
nimuSebi:<br />
II.1. nimuSi 9.<br />
klasi: III. gakveTilis Tema: ferebis borbali.<br />
mocemuloba: kontrastuli ferebis gacnoba.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba: xatva <strong>da</strong>moukideblad SerCeul Temaze kontrastuli<br />
ferebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
42 43
I. wvdomis faza<br />
moswavleebi ecnobian ferebis borbals, amoicnoben <strong>da</strong> asaxeleben<br />
ZiriTad <strong>da</strong> Sedgenil ferebs, `aRmoaCenen~ <strong>da</strong> asaxeleben<br />
kontrastul ferebs.<br />
II. aTvisebis, anu gavarjiSebis faza<br />
moswavleebi wyvilSi/jgufurad muSaoben saerTo formatze,<br />
qmnian martiv gamosaxulebebs mxolod kontrastuli<br />
ferebis gamoyenebiT. an moswavleebi ganixilaven ferweris<br />
nimuSebs, aRniSnaven, romel maTganSi romeli kontrastuli<br />
ferebia gamoyenebuli <strong>da</strong> ra STabeWdilebas axdens maTze.<br />
III. avtomatizaciis, anu <strong>da</strong>uflebis faza<br />
moswavleebi <strong>da</strong>moukideblad irCeven Temebs namuSevrisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong> sakuTari Canafiqris Sesabamisad iyeneben kontrastul<br />
ferebs.<br />
II.1. nimuSi 10.<br />
klasi: VII. gakveTilis Tema: vulkanis ferflSi <strong>da</strong>marxuli<br />
qalaqi.<br />
mocemuloba: informaciis gacnoba Zveli romauli qalaqis<br />
_ pompeis istoriaze, xelovnebasa <strong>da</strong> tragikul<br />
aRsasrulze.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba: moswavleebi <strong>da</strong>moukideblad irCeven <strong>da</strong> asruleben<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebas gakveTilze miRebuli STabeWdilebebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
I. wvdomis faza<br />
moswavleebi ecnobian sagakveTilo masalas<br />
(informacia <strong>da</strong> vizualuri nimuSebi). maswavlebeli svams<br />
kiTxvebs, romlebic I <strong>da</strong> II donis unar-Cvevebis<br />
gamovlenazea orientirebuli.<br />
II. aTvisebis, anu gavarjiSebis faza<br />
moswavleebi uziareben erTmaneTs gakveTilze miRebul<br />
STabeWdilebebs <strong>da</strong> ganixilaven sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva versias imasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, Tu ra saxis namuSevrebis Seqmnas isurvebdnen<br />
gakveTilis Temaze, amasTan, asabuTeben sakuTar mosazrebebs,<br />
survilisamebr, akeTeben eskizebs, romelTac aseve<br />
erToblivad ganixilaven.<br />
III. avtomatizaciis, anu <strong>da</strong>uflebis faza<br />
moswavleebi sakuTari Canafiqris Sesabamisad irCeven<br />
Temas/siuJets, masalas, teqnikas <strong>da</strong> asruleben praqtikul<br />
samu Saos. magaliTad, vulkanis amofrqvevis scenas, pompeis<br />
moednis Canaxats saTanado arqiteqturuli detalebis<br />
gamoyenebiT, mozaikas pompeiSi aRmoCenili nimuSebs stilSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
azrovnebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva doneze gamavali savarjiSoebis/<strong>da</strong>valebebis<br />
Sesaqmnelad gavrcelebulia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
meTodi, romelTa gamoyenebac <strong>da</strong>exmareba maswavlebels<br />
sasurveli Sedegebis miRwevaSi. ganvixiloT sqemebi, romlebSic<br />
mocemulia sakvanZo sityvebi (moqmedebis aRm-<br />
44 45
niSvneli saxelebi), romelTa gaTvaliswinebiTac Sesa-<br />
Zlebelia TiToeuli donis Sesatyvisi SekiTxvebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
Sesabamisi aqtivobebis <strong>da</strong>gegmva.<br />
codna<br />
gaimeore, CamoTvale, <strong>da</strong>asaxele, aRwere, amoicani, gaixsene.<br />
II.1. nimuSi 11.<br />
• CamoTvale, rogori xazebia SenTvis cnobili;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>asaxele ZiriTadi <strong>da</strong> Sedgenili ferebi;<br />
•aRweresuraTi,romelmacgansakuTrebiT<strong>da</strong>gainteresa;<br />
• gaixsene, ras uwodeben sagnis formis gamomsaxvel<br />
xazs;<br />
• amoicani, romeli nimuSi warmoadgens Canaxats,<br />
romeli _ <strong>da</strong>srulebul namuSevars;<br />
• gaixsene, ras niSnavs sityva `monotipia~.<br />
• amoicani <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>asaxele mocemul suraTze gamoyenebuli<br />
kontrastuli ferebi;<br />
• amoicani mocemul suraTze weliwadis dro <strong>da</strong><br />
dRe-Ramis monakveTi.<br />
gageba<br />
sakuTari sityvebiT axseni, <strong>da</strong>axasiaTe, ganmarte, moiyvane<br />
maga liTebi, Sea<strong>da</strong>re, <strong>da</strong>ajgufe, ivaraude, Seajame, gaakeTe<br />
interpretacia.<br />
II.1. nimuSi 12.<br />
• Sea<strong>da</strong>re erTmaneTs akvareliTa <strong>da</strong> guaSiT Sesrulebuli<br />
peizaJis nimuSebi <strong>da</strong> gauziare azri amxanagebs;<br />
• scade imis axsna, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania Ramis<br />
peizaJisaTvis Sesabamisi fonis SerCeva;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>axasiaTe mocemuli suraTis koloriti;<br />
• Sea<strong>da</strong>re mocemuli suraTebi <strong>da</strong> scade aRmoaCino<br />
mxolod ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi;<br />
• Seni sityvebiT ganmarte, riT gansxvavdeba reliefi<br />
mrgvali qan<strong>da</strong>kebisagan;<br />
• moiyvane nimuSebi, romlebSic sivrce gadmocemulia<br />
xazovani perspeqtivis meSveobiT;<br />
• gamoTqviT mosazreba, ra saxis informaciis miRebaa<br />
SesaZlebeli yofiTi Janris namuSevrebi<strong>da</strong>n;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>ajgufeT mocemuli nimuSebi Janruli Taviseburebebis<br />
mixedviT;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>akvirdiT nimuSebs <strong>da</strong> scadeT, amoicnoT Zveli<br />
samyaros romeli kulturis kuTvnilebaa TiToeuli<br />
maTgani. <strong>da</strong>asabuTeT Tqveni mosazreba.<br />
gamoyeneba<br />
moamzade, gaakeTe, <strong>da</strong>akavSire, ganaxorciele, Seqmeni sqema,<br />
moaxdine klasificireba, demonstrireba, ilustrireba.<br />
46 47
II.1. nimuSi 13.<br />
• scade, Seqmna Tanaklaselis portreti, romelSic<br />
gadmoscem misTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel niSnebs, xasiaTs;<br />
• gaixseneT Zveli egviptis xelovnebis nimuSebi <strong>da</strong><br />
SeqmeniT namuSevrebi Zvelegviptur stilSi;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>akvirdiT eskimosebisa <strong>da</strong> indielebis piqtogramebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> SeqmeniT mxiaruli naxatebi, romelTa saSualebiTac<br />
saxaliso ambebs mouyvebiT amxanagebs;<br />
• gaakeTeT Canaxatebi, romlebSic sagnebis forma<br />
mkveTrad gamoiyofa fonisagan;<br />
• SeqmeniT ferTa gra<strong>da</strong>ciis sqema;<br />
• Sea<strong>da</strong>reT erTmaneTs Zveli xelnaweri <strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove<br />
nabeWdi wignebis mxatvruli gaformeba <strong>da</strong><br />
aRniSneT maTi saerTo <strong>da</strong> ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi;<br />
• gamoavlineT fantazia <strong>da</strong> gaakeTeT raime niSniT<br />
gamorCeuli, uCveulo formebis mqone nagebobebis eskizebi.<br />
analizi<br />
Sea<strong>da</strong>re, ganasxvave, gamoikvlie, <strong>da</strong>yavi kategoriebad, gaaanalize,<br />
aRniSne saerTo <strong>da</strong> ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi, avtoris<br />
mizani.<br />
II.1. nimuSi 14.<br />
• Sea<strong>da</strong>reT peizaJis TqvenTvis cnobili nimuSebi<br />
Zveli CineTis ferweris nimuSebs <strong>da</strong> aRniSneT ganmasxvavebeli<br />
niSnebi;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>moukideblad airCieT <strong>da</strong> Sea<strong>da</strong>reT Sua saukuneebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> renesansis xuroTmoZRvrebis nimuSebi;<br />
• rogor fiqrobT, ra Seadgen<strong>da</strong> matisis mizans _<br />
suraTis Sinaarsi Tu ferebis saSualebiT misTvis sasurveli<br />
STabeWdilebis Seqmna?<br />
• SearCie Semodgomis peizaJis Sesatyvisi literaturuli<br />
nawarmoebi <strong>da</strong> gaaanalize, ra saSualebebiT<br />
gadmoicema ganwyobileba literaturul nawarmoebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> saxviTi xelovnebis nimuSSi.<br />
• ganixileT peizaJis mocemuli nimuSebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>yaviT<br />
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu rogor aris maTSi gadmocemuli<br />
sivrce;<br />
• gaaanalizeT mocemuli nimuSi masSi gamoyenebuli<br />
gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis TvalsazrisiT <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>akav-<br />
SireT avtoris CanafiqrTan.<br />
sinTezi<br />
Seqmeni, <strong>da</strong>gegme, ganazogade, Teoriulad Camoayalibe,<br />
wamoayene hipoTeza/versiebi, gamoTqvi varaudi, warmoidgine,<br />
formulireba mieci.<br />
II.1. nimuSi 15.<br />
• airCieT epoqa, kultura, mxatvruli mimarTuleba,<br />
romelic gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa TqvenTvis, <strong>da</strong>gegmeT<br />
<strong>da</strong> ganaxorcieleT kvleva (mravalmxrivi masalis<br />
moZieba, analizi, <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gakeTeba-<strong>da</strong>sabuTeba), romlis<br />
Sedegebsac warmoadgenT TqvenTvis sasurveli saxiT<br />
_ stendi, saklaso gazeTi, bukleti an sxv.;<br />
• warmoidgineT, rom proeqtis farglebSi amxanagebTan<br />
erTad un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gegmoT aqcia Temaze: `a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
<strong>da</strong> samyaro~ <strong>da</strong> gaakeTeT sareklamo bukletis maketi;<br />
48 49
• Tqven mier SerCeuli epoqis, kulturis, mxatvruli<br />
mimdinareobis yofiTi Janris namuSevris safuZvelze<br />
SeqmeniT scenari, moifiqreT dialogebi, gansazRvreT<br />
mizanscenebi, Semdeg ki `gaacocxleT~ epoqa warmodgenaSi<br />
Sesabamisi mxatvruli gaformebiT;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>wereT ese Temaze: `Tbilisi _ qalaqi kulturaTa<br />
gzajvaredinze~;<br />
• CamoayalibeT romanuli <strong>da</strong> guTuri stilis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli<br />
ramdenime niSani;<br />
• miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze Sea<strong>da</strong>reT Sua<br />
saukuneebis qalaqi antikurs (magaliTad, roms, pompeis),<br />
gaiTvaliswineT nagebobebis saxeobebi, <strong>da</strong>niSnuleba <strong>da</strong><br />
a.S. <strong>da</strong> gaakeTeT saTanado <strong>da</strong>skvnebi;<br />
• wamoayeneT versiebi imasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, Tu ra<br />
faqtorebi ganapirobebs kulturaTa Soris dialogs<br />
warsulSi <strong>da</strong> dRes;<br />
• ganixileT impresionistebis mier Seqmnili namu-<br />
Sevrebi <strong>da</strong> gamoTqviT varaudi imasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, Tu<br />
ra mizniT SeeZloT maT gamoeyenebinaT fotografiis<br />
SesaZleblobebi.<br />
Sefaseba<br />
imsjele, gansaje, <strong>da</strong>asabuTe, <strong>da</strong>askveni, gaakeTe arCevani,<br />
gaakritike, miiRe ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba, Seajame.<br />
II.1. nimuSi 16.<br />
• imsjeleT, ra arqiteqturuli formebis Camoyalibeba<br />
ganapiroba Zvelegvipturi religiis Taviseburebebma;<br />
• SeafaseT kretas xelovnebis warmodgenili nimuSebis<br />
mxatvruli Taviseburebebi;<br />
• mocemuli ferweruli namuSevrebis safuZvelze<br />
imsjeleT, rogor aisaxeba maTSi epoqis niSnebi;<br />
• gakveTilze miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze<br />
imsjeleT XVII saukunis holandiuri ferweris Tematikaze<br />
<strong>da</strong> im mxatvrul amocanebze, romelTa ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetasac<br />
fermwerebi isaxavdnen miznad;<br />
• gaixseneT velaskesis namuSevrebi <strong>da</strong> CamoayalibeT<br />
Tqveni mosazreba kompoziciuri ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis originalobasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> ferwerul Taviseburebebze mis SemoqmedebaSi;<br />
• TqvenTvis cnobili muzeumebis magaliTze gamoTqviT<br />
azri muzeumebisa <strong>da</strong> samxatvro galereebis mniSvnelobaze<br />
sazogadoebis kulturul cxovrebaSi, maT<br />
saganmanaTleblo rolze;<br />
• gamoTqviT azri beWdviTi grafikis SesaZleblobebis<br />
Sesaxeb sazogadoebrivi azris formirebaSi;<br />
• gansajeT citataSi gadmocemuli mosazrebis mar-<br />
Tebuloba.<br />
blumis taqsonomiis Sesabamisad, mocemuli zmnebi mniSvnelovania<br />
maswavleblis mier mizanmimarTulad gansaz-<br />
Rvruli SekiTxvebis, saswavlo aqtivobebis SerCevisa <strong>da</strong><br />
gamoyenebisaTvis. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, maswavleblebi<br />
saswavlo praqtikaSi ufro metad orientirebuli arian<br />
<strong>da</strong>bali donis saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze. imisaTvis,<br />
rom moswavleebi gascdnen codnisa <strong>da</strong> gagebis,<br />
zogjer, gamoyenebis doneebs, SeZlon SeZenili codnis<br />
gansxvavebul konteqstSi gamoyeneba (transferi), kritikuli<br />
azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong> argumentirebuli msjelobis unar-<br />
Cvevebis ganviTareba, aucilebelia ze<strong>da</strong> donis saazrovno<br />
unarebis amoqmedeba. am mizniT sayuradReboa, rom maswav-<br />
50 51
lebelma SeZlos kiTxvebis klasifikacia, anu gamijnos<br />
erTmaneTisagan azrovnebis qve<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong> doneebis asamoqmedebeli<br />
SekiTxvebi <strong>da</strong> Semdeg SeZlos maTi adekvaturi<br />
gamoyeneba. ze<strong>da</strong> doneebze orientirebuli SekiTxvebi<br />
xels uwyobs moswavleTa motivaciisa <strong>da</strong> interesebis<br />
gazr<strong>da</strong>s, axali codnis <strong>da</strong>kavSirebas maT cxovrebiseul<br />
gamocdilebasTan, SeZenil codnas, RirebulebebTan.<br />
kiTxvebis efeqturad <strong>da</strong>smisa <strong>da</strong> arsebiTi Sedegebis<br />
miRwevis mizniT, mniSvnelovania imis gacnobiereba, Tu ra<br />
mizans isaxavs maswavlebeli, ra donis saazrovno unar-<br />
Cvevebis amoqmedebazea orientirebuli. aRniSnulis Sesabamisad<br />
igi axdens SekiTxvebis mkafio formulirebas,<br />
iTvaliswinebs, rom ganxilul SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovan<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili ara <strong>da</strong>xuruli, aramed<br />
Ria SekiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma, romlebic iTxovs vrcel, <strong>da</strong>sabuTebul<br />
Sinaarsobriv pasuxebs.<br />
sasurvelia, maswavleblis mier winaswar iyos gansaz-<br />
Rvruli TiToeuli kiTxvis savaraudo pasuxi, agreTve<br />
gaTvaliswinebul iqnes moswavlisaTvis Tavisuflebis<br />
micemis SesaZlebloba, raTa maT gamoavlinon <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />
msjelobis, ideebis, versiebis wamoyenebis, <strong>da</strong>sabuTebis,<br />
analizis, Sefasebis unar-Cvevebi. saWiroebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli aZlevs moswavleebs saWiro<br />
miniSnebebs, svams <strong>da</strong>mazustebel SekiTxvebs, axdens rTuli<br />
amocanis qveamocanebad <strong>da</strong>yofas, sasurveli Sedegis<br />
misaRwevad Camoinacvlebs saazrovno unar-Cvevebis erTi<br />
an ori doniT qvemoT <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
yovelive aRniSnulis realizeba saswavlo procesSi<br />
xels uwyobs moswavleebs saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaSi,<br />
maswavlebels ki erovnuli saswavlo gegmiTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sagnobrivi stan<strong>da</strong>rtiT gansazRvruli Sedegebis miRwevaSi.<br />
II.2. problemaze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli swavleba<br />
erT-erT aqtiur teqnologias problemaze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli<br />
swavleba warmoadgens, romelic iTvaliswinebs<br />
arastan<strong>da</strong>rtuli situaciebis, amocanebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetas.<br />
problemuri <strong>swavlebis</strong> procesSi moswavleebi <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
iTviseben axal codnasa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebs. am<br />
strategiis praqtikul Rirebulebas u.y. gansazRvravs<br />
yuradRebis, <strong>da</strong>kvirvebulobis, azrovnebis <strong>da</strong> SemecnebiTi<br />
aqtivobis, agreTve <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis, kritikulobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
TviTkritikulobis, azrovnebis arastan<strong>da</strong>rtulobis ganviTareba.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania,<br />
problemuri swavleba uzrunvelyofs SeZenili codnis<br />
ganmtkicebas, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c moswavle mas iZens <strong>da</strong>moukideblad.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, aq moqmedebs, rogorc fsiqologebi<br />
uwodeben, `<strong>da</strong>usrulebeli moqmedebis efeqti~, romlis<br />
arsic mdgomareobs SemdegSi: problemuri swavleba <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia<br />
kvleva-ZiebasTan, Sesabamisad, iTvaliswinebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebis Sesrulebas, rac droSia ganfenili. moswavle/<br />
moswavleebi saTanado, ufro xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi<br />
fiqroben masze, vidre ar ga<strong>da</strong>wyveten / ar Seasruleben.<br />
swored am <strong>da</strong>usruleblobis Sesabamisad xdeba<br />
myari, funqciuri codnisa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis formireba.<br />
problemuri swavleba moswavlis <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis<br />
ganviTarebazea orientirebuli. aRniSnuli midgomis<br />
ZiriTad ideas warmoadgens saswavlo procesSi SemecnebiTi<br />
saswavlo amocanebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>valebebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta,<br />
romlebic moswavles/moswavleebs aqtiuri Semmecneblis<br />
rolSi ayenebs, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c igi ver ga<strong>da</strong>wyvets problemas<br />
mxolod SeZenili codnis safuZvelze. problemis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad moswavle mimarTavs TviTganaTlebas<br />
(<strong>da</strong>matebiTi resursis moZieba, <strong>da</strong>muSaveba <strong>da</strong> a.S.) <strong>da</strong><br />
52 53
mxolod Semdeg zrunavs problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris gzebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualebebze. amgvarad, problemuri <strong>swavlebis</strong> safuZvels<br />
Seadgens problemuri kiTxvebi, amocanebi, <strong>da</strong>valebebi,<br />
situaciebi.<br />
problemuri kiTxva ar iTvaliswinebs SeZenili codnis<br />
mxolod gaxsenebasa <strong>da</strong> gadmocemas, moswavles ara aqvs<br />
masze mza pasuxi <strong>da</strong> igi am pasuxs <strong>da</strong>moukideblad eZiebs,<br />
ikvlevs.<br />
problemuri amocana saswavlo masalis organizaciis<br />
formaa winaswar cnobili pirobiTa <strong>da</strong> ucnobi monacemebiT.<br />
am monacemebis Zieba iTvaliswinebs aqtiur saazrovno<br />
moqmedebebs, faqtebis analizs, obieqtebis warmoSobis<br />
mizezebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi mizezSedegobrivi kavSirebis garkvevas.<br />
amgvari amocanis ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxiT. magaliTad, sityvieri gansjis,<br />
praqtikuli saqmianobis an sxva formiT.<br />
problemuri <strong>da</strong>valeba iTvaliswinebs konkretul<br />
miTiTebebs moswavleebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli saZiebo-<br />
SemecnebiTi saqmianobisaTvis. miTiTebebi mimarTulia<br />
aucilebeli Sedegis miRebaze. problemuri <strong>da</strong>valebebi<br />
sruldeba Ziebis, SeTxzvis, gamogonebis, eqsperimentis,<br />
modelirebisa <strong>da</strong> sxva formebis saxiT.<br />
problemuri situacia _ es aris moswavleebisa-<br />
Tvis gonebrivi sirTuleebis Seqmnis mdgomareoba, rac<br />
gamowveulia maT mier aTvisebuli codnisa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebis<br />
xerxebis ukmarisobiT SemecnebiTi amocanis, <strong>da</strong>valebis an<br />
saswavlo problemis ga<strong>da</strong>saWrelad.<br />
problemuri situaciebi SeiZleba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis iyos:<br />
1. moswavleebs ar SeuZliaT upasuxon problemur<br />
kiTxvas an ga<strong>da</strong>wyviton <strong>da</strong>smuli amocana;<br />
2. moswavleebi floben Zvel codnas, rac ar aris<br />
sakmarisi <strong>da</strong>smuli amocanis ga<strong>da</strong>saWrelad;<br />
3. iqmneba Seusabamoba Teoriuli codnis safuZvelze<br />
problemis SesaZlo ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetasa <strong>da</strong> praqtikuli gziT<br />
ganuxorcieleblobas Soris;<br />
4. praqtikuli gziT ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi iqmneba<br />
Seusabamoba Teoriuli codnis ukmarisobasTan.<br />
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT problemuri situaciebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis efeqturoba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia Semdeg<br />
ZiriTad etapebze:<br />
1. sayrdeni codnisa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebis xerxebis aqtualizacia;<br />
2. axali codnisa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebis xerxebis aTviseba;<br />
3. maTi gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis formireba.<br />
tradiciul saskolo praqtikaSi problemuri <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
principi gamoiyenebo<strong>da</strong> rogorc Ziebis imitacia,<br />
rodesac maswavlebelma winaswar ico<strong>da</strong> moswavleTa mier<br />
misaRwevi Sedegi <strong>da</strong> mizanmimarTulad mihyav<strong>da</strong> swor pasuxamde,<br />
versiamde, <strong>da</strong>skvnebamde. Tanamedrove saswavlo<br />
procesSi am midgomis bevrad garTulebuli varianti<br />
gamoiyeneba, rodesac saganmanaTleblo produqti ucnobia<br />
rogorc moswavlisTvis, ise maswavleblisTvis.<br />
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, moswavlesa <strong>da</strong> Sedegze orientirebul<br />
saswavlo procesSi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas<br />
iZens saazrovno unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba. gamoyofen<br />
rogorc martiv (informaciis <strong>da</strong>maxsovreba, faqtebis gaxseneba<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxv.), ise rTul (kritikuli azrovneba, problemis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wra, SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba <strong>da</strong> sxv.) SemecnebiT<br />
unar-Cvevebs. rTuli SemecnebiTi unar-Cvevebis<br />
ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas<br />
iZens problemaze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli swavleba, rac produqtiul<br />
process warmoadgens, xels uwyobs axali codnis<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukideblad SeZenas. TavisTavad azrovneba Semecnebis<br />
54 55
saganTan a<strong>da</strong>mianis uwyvet urTierTqmedebas efuZneba <strong>da</strong><br />
moicavs analizsa <strong>da</strong> sinTezs, abstrahirebasa <strong>da</strong> ganzogadebas.<br />
garegan zemoqmedebas azrovnebis procesis Sedegebze<br />
gansazRvravs azrovnebis Sinagani pirobebi (maxasiaTeblebi),<br />
rogoricaa motivacia, subieqtis pirovnuli<br />
Taviseburebebi, RirebulebiTi orientaciebi, monacemebi,<br />
gamocdileba <strong>da</strong> sxv. Sesabamisad, moswavlis <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />
saazrovno moRvaweobisaTvis aucilebelia garegani<br />
pirobebis Seqmna.<br />
rogorc fsiqologebi aRniSnaven, sawyisi <strong>da</strong> wyaro<br />
SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebisa problemuri situaciaa, romelic<br />
iwvevs SemecnebiT moTxovnilebas, rogorc Sinagan<br />
pirobas. swored SemecnebiTi moTxovnilebis safuZvelze<br />
SeuZlia maswavlebels marTos moswavleTa mier axali<br />
codnis aTvisebis procesi.<br />
problemuri situaciis Seqmnisas moswavle ver poulobas<br />
raime faqtis, movlenis, procesis axsnas. SeZenili<br />
codna ver uzrunvelyofs <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznis miRwevis<br />
SesaZleblobas, Cndeba axali codnis, gzebis, xerxebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukideblad moZiebis aucilebloba. amgvarad, problemuri<br />
situacia xels uwyobs SemecnebiTi aqtivobis<br />
warmoSobas. Sesabamisad, problemuri situacia moicavs<br />
Semdeg ZiriTad komponentebs:<br />
• axali codna;<br />
• axali gamocdileba;<br />
• SemecnebiTi moTxovnileba, rac stimuls aZlevs azrovnebiT<br />
moRvaweobas;<br />
• inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebis zr<strong>da</strong> axlis<br />
`aRmosaCenad~.<br />
amgvarad, problemuri situaciis struqturaSi mkafiod<br />
ikveTeba rogorc garegani faqtorebi, ise Sinagani<br />
pirobebi.<br />
problemuri situacia mTeli rigi TaviseburebebiT<br />
xasiaTdeba. kerZod:<br />
1. Seesabameba moswavlis unar-Cvevebsa <strong>da</strong> asakobrivi<br />
jgufisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel kognitur SesaZleblobebs;<br />
2. uzrunvelyofs moswavlis <strong>da</strong>interesebas <strong>da</strong> swavlisadmi<br />
motivaciis gazr<strong>da</strong>s;<br />
2. xels uwyobs axali codnis <strong>da</strong>moukideblad SeZenas,<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saswavlo disciplinaSi miRebuli codnis<br />
integrirebisa <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebul konteqstSi gamoyenebis<br />
unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.<br />
problemaze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli swavla realizebadia ara<br />
mxolod sabazo <strong>da</strong> saSualo, aramed <strong>da</strong>wyebiT safe xurzec.<br />
problemuri situaciebi SeiZleba mravalmxrivi iyos:<br />
• moswavlem <strong>da</strong>moukideblad an jgufurad miiRos<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba;<br />
• moaxdinos sagnebis, movlenebis, faqtebis, informaciisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S. Se<strong>da</strong>reba-Sepirispireba;<br />
• awarmoos kvleva-Zieba;<br />
• gamoiyenos SemoqmedebiTi midgoma <strong>da</strong> Seqmnas originaluri<br />
produqti <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
problemuri situaciis ga<strong>da</strong>saWrelad moswavle/moswavleebi<br />
ramdenime etaps gaivlian. kerZod:<br />
• problemuri situaciisa <strong>da</strong> misaRwevi miznis gaazreba,<br />
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi misi <strong>da</strong>nawevreba saTanado<br />
sakiTxebad;<br />
• codnis mobilizeba <strong>da</strong> saWiro resursis organizeba;<br />
• problemuri situaciis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva, alternatiuli<br />
gzebis Zieba;<br />
• Sesasrulebeli samuSaos <strong>da</strong>gegmva (Tanmimdevroba,<br />
drois monakveTi, resursi);<br />
• miRebuli Sedegebis analizi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gakeTeba.<br />
56 57
problemuri swavlis dros gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas<br />
iZens iseTi rTuli saazrovno unar-Cvevebis<br />
ganviTareba, rogoricaa kreatiuli <strong>da</strong> SemoqmedebiTi<br />
azrovneba. saswavlo procesSi orive tipis azrovneba,<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, erToblivad moqmedebs <strong>da</strong> zogjer maTi gamijvna<br />
garkveul sirTulesac ki warmoadgens.<br />
problemuri situaciebi/amocanebi un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenebodes,<br />
nebismieri sagnis <strong>swavlebis</strong>as, amasTan, ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
Semoifarglebodes romelime konkretuli sagnis Car-<br />
CoTi, zogierT SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania, rom interdisciplinarul<br />
kavSirebzec iyos orientirebuli.<br />
problemuri amocanebis nimuSebi saxviT <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiT<br />
xelovnebaSi:<br />
1. moswavle irCevs namuSevris Temas ideebisa <strong>da</strong> ganwyobilebebis<br />
gadmosacemad;<br />
2. moswavle atarebs eqsperiments axali saxatavi<br />
masalis, teqnikis gacnobisa <strong>da</strong> Taviseburebebis gamosavlenad;<br />
3. iyenebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xerxs (Suq-Crdili, kontrasti,<br />
kompoziciuri ganawileba, monasmi, faqtura, koloriti)<br />
asociaciebisa <strong>da</strong> emociebis gadmosacemad;<br />
4. iyenebs efeqtebs asociaciebisa <strong>da</strong> grZnobebis gadmosacemad;<br />
5. irCevs Tematikas, teqnikas, gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> masalas ganwyobilebis gadmosacemad;<br />
6. aqcevs namuSevarSi <strong>da</strong>Svebul Secdomas SemoqmedebiT<br />
midgomad;<br />
7. moswavle a<strong>da</strong>rebs sakuTar <strong>da</strong> amxanagis namuSevrebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> msjelobs maT Soris arsebul msgavseba-gansxvavebebze;<br />
8. moswavle kritikulad ganixilavs sakuTar/amxanagis<br />
namuSevars;<br />
9. moswavle ikvlevs xelovnebis nimuSs <strong>da</strong> ganixilavs<br />
Sesabamis istoriul-religiur/kulturul konteqstSi;<br />
10. a<strong>da</strong>rebs erTmaneTs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva epoqisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis<br />
xelovnebis nimuSebs <strong>da</strong> msjelobs maT saerTo <strong>da</strong><br />
ganmasxvavebel niSnebze;<br />
11. ikvlevs xelovnebis rols sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi;<br />
12. agrovebs informacias cnobil xelovanTa Semoqmedebis/konkretuli<br />
namuSevris Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> ikvlevs mis<br />
rols xelovnebis istoriaSi.<br />
problemuri amocanebis ga<strong>da</strong>Wra SesaZlebelia kritikuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris nimuSebi kritikuli azrovnebis amoqmedebiT:<br />
magaliTi 1. arCevanis gakeTeba, ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miReba,<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSireba.<br />
aqtivobis mizani: proeqti _ moswavleebma un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinon,<br />
ra asala aqvT xelT, risi Seqmna SeiZleba am<br />
masaliT <strong>da</strong> vin iqneba Seqmnili namuSevrebis potenciuri<br />
myidveli.<br />
aqtivobis piroba: xelT arsebuli masalis gamoyenebiT<br />
saskolo gamofena-gayidvaze warsadgeni originaluri namuSevrebis<br />
Seqmna.<br />
problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris etapebi:<br />
• aRnusxeT xelT arsebuli masalebi <strong>da</strong> miiReT<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba, Tu risi gakeTeba SeiZleba am masali<strong>da</strong>n:<br />
xelovnebis nimuSis, sayofacxovrebo nivTebis <strong>da</strong> a.S.;<br />
• imuSaveT jgufurad an individualurad;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>aTvaliereT namuSevrebi, gaaanalizeT, SearCieT<br />
sagamofeno namuSevrebi;<br />
58 59
• SearCieT gamofena-gayidvis adgili, gansazRvreT potenciuri<br />
stumrebi (sad un<strong>da</strong> moewyos gamofena <strong>da</strong> vin<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos miwveuli);<br />
• <strong>da</strong>amzadeT afiSa, mosawvevi baraTebi, moawyveT<br />
eqspozicia.<br />
magaliTi 2. Se<strong>da</strong>reba-Sepirispireba, <strong>da</strong>kavSireba.<br />
aqtivobis mizani: namuSevris analizi – moswavleebma namuSevris<br />
analizze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvron romel<br />
epoqas miekuTvneba namuSevari.<br />
aqtivobis piroba: gansazRvreT, romel epoqasa <strong>da</strong> stils<br />
miakuTvnebT warmodgenil namuSevars.<br />
problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris etapebi:<br />
• namuSevris analizi:<br />
1. ra aris asaxuli namuSevarze?<br />
2. ra Janrs miekuTvneba namuSevari?<br />
3. rogoria Sesrulebis manera?<br />
4. romeli mxatvris namuSevars gagonebT?<br />
5. romel epoqas miakuTvnebdiT namuSevars <strong>da</strong> ratom?<br />
• pasuxebis Sejereba <strong>da</strong> kamaTi (saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,<br />
maswavlebeli aZlevs miTiTebebs moswavleebs <strong>da</strong><br />
moswavleebi maswavlebelTan erTad aanalizeben, rogor<br />
mividnen swor ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebamde an ratom ver amoicnes<br />
swori pasuxi).<br />
problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris nimuSebi SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis<br />
amoqmedebiT:<br />
magaliTi 3. arCevanis gakeTeba, ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miReba,<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>reba-Sepirispireba, <strong>da</strong>kavSireba, SeuTavseblobis aRmofxvra,<br />
eqsperimenti, c<strong>da</strong>, kvleva-Zieba, SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba.<br />
aqtivobis mizani: namuSevris Seqmna - masalis arqonis<br />
SemTxvevaSi originaluri xerxis mogoneba.<br />
aqtivobis piroba: <strong>da</strong>valeba – „peizaJis“ Seqmna.<br />
problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris etapebi:<br />
• aiReT Zveli namuSevrebi, romlebic guaSiT an akvareliTaa<br />
Sesrulebuli (maswavleblis nebarTviT);<br />
• <strong>da</strong>alageT iatakze an merxze <strong>da</strong> kargad <strong>da</strong>akvirdiT,<br />
romel laqebs <strong>da</strong> detalebs gamoiyenebdiT Tqveni peiza-<br />
JisTvis;<br />
• amoWeriT an amoxieT es laqebi <strong>da</strong> detalebi <strong>da</strong><br />
gaanawileT mozaikis principiT fanqriT winaswar Sesrulebuli<br />
peizaJis konturebze;<br />
• sanam <strong>da</strong>awebebdeT, kargia, Tu Sori manZili<strong>da</strong>nac<br />
Sexe<strong>da</strong>vT, radgan es <strong>da</strong>gexmarebaT namuSevari mTlianobaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>inaxoT <strong>da</strong> zogi laqa ga<strong>da</strong>aadgiloT, SecvaloT sxva<br />
feriT <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
• rodesac <strong>da</strong>rwmundebiT, rom sasurvel Sedegs miaRwieT,<br />
SegiZliaT frTxilad <strong>da</strong>aweboT.<br />
magaliTi 4. arCevanis gakeTeba, ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miReba,<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>reba-Sepirispireba, <strong>da</strong>kavSireba, kvleva-Zieba, SemoqmedebiTi<br />
midgoma.<br />
aqtivobis mizani: namuSevris Seqmna – moswavleebma un<strong>da</strong><br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wran maTTvis ucxo kulturis warmomadgenlebTan<br />
komunikaciis problema.<br />
aqtivobis piroba: gazeT „de<strong>da</strong>miwis“ Seqmna ucxoplanetelebisaTvis.<br />
problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris etapebi:<br />
• airCieT ucxoplanetelebTan urTierTobis ena (verbaluri,<br />
vizualuri, anu un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitoT, iqneba Tu ara<br />
gazeTSi vizualur masalasTan erTad verbaluri teqsti<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tuki saWiroa, ra enaze un<strong>da</strong> Seiqmnas es teqsti);<br />
• sakomunikacio enis SerCevis Semdgom moiZieT Temebi<br />
60 61
<strong>da</strong> gainawileT (moswavleebma Tavad un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyviton,<br />
romel Temaze imuSaveben);<br />
• imuSaveT arCeul Temaze;<br />
• moiZieT masala, SeiZleba gamoiyenoT arsebuli fotomasala<br />
an SeqmnaT kolaJebi am masalisgan;<br />
• warmodgenis dros ganmarteT, Tu riTi SeiZleba<br />
iyos saintereso es masala ucxoplanetelebisaTvis;<br />
• SeqmeniT gazeTis maketi,SearCeT formati <strong>da</strong> dizaini,<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>anawileT masala.<br />
magaliTi 5. arCevanis gakeTeba, eqsperimenti, c<strong>da</strong>,<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miReba, Se<strong>da</strong>reba-Sepirispireba, <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />
Sireba, kvleva-Zieba, SemoqmedebiTi midgoma.<br />
aqtivobis mizani: originaluri namuSevris Seqmna – moswavleebma<br />
un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyviton, risi Seqmna SeiZleba maT<br />
mier moZiebuli <strong>da</strong> xelT arsebuli bunebrivi masalisagan<br />
<strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> Seqmnan originaluri namuSevari.<br />
aqtivobis piroba: originaluri namuSevris Seqmna moswavleTa<br />
mier moZiebuli bunebrivi masalisagan (qva,<br />
fesvebi, girCa, niJara <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris etapebi:<br />
• gaaanalizeT arsebuli masala (misi faqturisa <strong>da</strong><br />
Taviseburebis gaTvaliswineba) <strong>da</strong> miiReT ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba,<br />
risi gakeTeba SeiZleba am masalisagan.<br />
• SeqmeniT momavali namuSevris eskizi, romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
iqneba nakeTobis yvela ZiriTadi detali.<br />
• moifiqreT, Tu rogor iqneba gamoyenebuli<br />
xelTarsebuli masala, <strong>da</strong>sWirdeba Tu ara mas raimes<br />
<strong>da</strong>mateba, Seferadeba.<br />
• SeqmeniT namuSevari;<br />
• gaaanalizeT sakuTari namuSevari: maqsimalurad<br />
gamoiyeneT Tu ara xelT arsebuli masalis SesaZle-<br />
blobebi, SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> Tu ara misi ukeT gamoyeneba.<br />
Tqveni azriT, ra aris namuSevarSi moulodneli <strong>da</strong><br />
originaluri.<br />
magaliTi 6. arCevanis gakeTeba, eqsperimenti, c<strong>da</strong>,<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miReba, SemoqmedebiTi midgoma.<br />
aqtivobis mizani: originaluri namuSevris Seqmna – moswavlem<br />
SeZlos mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis<br />
gamoyeneba konkretuli emociis gadmosacemad namuSevarSi.<br />
aqtivobis piroba: „Seasrule eqspresionistuli namu-<br />
Sevari.“<br />
problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris etapebi:<br />
Sesavali:<br />
maswavlebeli klass yofs ramdenime jgufad <strong>da</strong> TiToeul<br />
jgufs aZlevs <strong>da</strong>valebas, Seqmnan namuSevrebi, romlebSic<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva emociaa gadmocemuli. mag.: erTi jgufi qmnis<br />
namuSevars, romelSic gamoxatavs sixaruls, meore – sev<strong>da</strong>s,<br />
mesame – SiSs an aRSfoTebas <strong>da</strong> a.S. sasurvelia, rom<br />
jgufSi moswavleebma imuSaon individualurad, gakveTilis<br />
bolos jgufebi erTmaneTis gverdiT gamofenen namu-<br />
Sevrebs, Tanaklaselebi ki msjeloben, Tu ramdenad <strong>da</strong> rogor<br />
aris namuSevrebSi gadmocemuli Sesabamisi emociebi.<br />
instruqcia:<br />
• Tavad airCieT Janri <strong>da</strong> gamosaxvis manera: es Sei-<br />
Zleba iyos portreti an avtoportreti, peizaJi an<br />
naturmorti, figuruli scena an abstraqtuli kompozicia.<br />
mTavaria, rom arCeuli siuJeti iZleodes grZnobis<br />
gamosaxvis saSualebas;<br />
• momavali namuSevris eskizi Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad SeasruleT<br />
patara furcelze. aqve <strong>da</strong>azusteT, ras gamosaxavT, rogor<br />
aagebT kompozicias, rogori iqneba naxati, ferTa gama;<br />
62 63
• amis Semdeg albomis an saxatavi rveulis furcelze<br />
guaSis saRebavebiT SeasruleT saWiro zomis naxati;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>srulebuli namuSevari gamofineT klasSi <strong>da</strong><br />
moawyveT prezentacia;<br />
• namuSevrebi SeafaseT winaswar gansazRvruli kriteriumebiT.<br />
sasurvelia, xSir SemTxvevaSi maswavlebelma Tavad<br />
miawodos moswavleebs sakiTxTa nusxa, cxadia, asakobrivi<br />
Taviseburebebis, gakveTilis Temisa <strong>da</strong> saswavlo miznebis<br />
Sesabamisad. moswavleebi irCeven sakiTxs/<strong>da</strong>valebas, romelic<br />
Seesatyviseba maT interesebs, SesaZleblobebs.<br />
analitikur samuSaos moswavleebi individualurad<br />
rTulad arTmeven Tavs. amitomac am tipis <strong>da</strong>valebebze<br />
muSaobis safuZvlad <strong>efeqturi</strong>a diskusiis, agreTve jgufuri<br />
muSaobis upiratesobebis gamoyeneba.<br />
proeqti<br />
problemaze orientirebuli swavlebiT miRweuli<br />
Sedegebis warmoCena proeqtebis meSveobiT xorcieldeba.<br />
proeqti <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong> umniSvnelovanesi teqnologiaa,<br />
romelic pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur literaturaSi gvxvdeba<br />
rogorc proeqt-gakveTili, proeqt-meTodi, proeqtze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli<br />
swavleba, saswavlo proeqti <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
proeqtze muSaobisas maswavlebeli <strong>da</strong> moswavleebi<br />
mimarTaven erToblivad formulirebul Temas/sakiTxs,<br />
problemas, mis <strong>da</strong>samuSaveblad adgenen gegmas, monawileoben<br />
am gegmis SesrulebaSi, proeqtze muSaobis <strong>da</strong>srulebisas<br />
ki warmoadgenen <strong>da</strong> ganixilaven miRebul Sedegs _<br />
saerTo produqts (gamokvleva, moxseneba, stendi, kedlis<br />
gazeTi, sareklamo bukleti, gamofena, aqcia, speqtakli,<br />
praqtikuli namuSevrebi <strong>da</strong> mravali sxv.).<br />
proeqtze muSaobis tipobrivi niSnebi:<br />
• proeqtis iniciativa momdinareobs proeqtis monawileTagan<br />
(maswavlebeli _ moswavleebi);<br />
• proeqtis monawileni aviTareben erTobliv iniciativas,<br />
Tanxmdebian urTierTobis formebze;<br />
• erToblivad Tanxmdebian proeqtis mizanze, aqtivobebze,<br />
muSaobis pirobebze, savaraudo Sedegebze;<br />
• gansazRvraven droiT CarCos <strong>da</strong> anawileben<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva aqtivobaze;<br />
• inawileben samuSaos erTmaneTis SesaZleblobebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT;<br />
• proeqtze muSaobis procesSi amJRavneben rogorc<br />
jgufur, ise individualur interess, TviTorganizaciisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas;<br />
• rogorc sakuTari, ise proeqtis sxva monawileTa<br />
saqmianobis Sualeduri ganxilvebis procesSi avlenen<br />
kritikulobas, obieqturobas, asabuTeben sakuTar mosazrebebs,<br />
akeTeben saTanado <strong>da</strong>skvnebs;<br />
• yuradRebas amaxvileben muSaobis procesSi warmo-<br />
Sobil aqtualur <strong>da</strong> problemur sakiTxebze, <strong>da</strong>Zabulobisa<br />
Tu konfliqturi situaciebis gamovlinebaze <strong>da</strong><br />
Tavadve cdiloben maT ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetas/mogvarebas;<br />
• Tavad gegmaven <strong>da</strong> warmarTaven kvlevis process,<br />
avlenen urTierT<strong>da</strong>xmarebisa <strong>da</strong> erTobliv produqtze<br />
pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas;<br />
• TvalnaTliv xe<strong>da</strong>ven proeqtis Sedegs. aqtiur<br />
monawileobas iReben jgufuri proeqtebis ganxilvisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sefasebis procesSi.<br />
proeqtis Temis gansazRvra<br />
moswavleebisaTvis proeqtis Tema un<strong>da</strong> iyos mniSvnelovani,<br />
saintereso <strong>da</strong> aqtualuri, xels un<strong>da</strong> uwyob-<br />
64 65
des winare codnasa <strong>da</strong> gamocdilebaze axlis <strong>da</strong>Senebas,<br />
iTvaliswinebdes maT moTxovnilebebs, SesaZleblobebs.<br />
proeqti un<strong>da</strong> scildebodes saswavlo programas <strong>da</strong> ganpirobebuli<br />
iyos rogorc SemecnebiTi, ise aRmzrdelobiTi<br />
miznebiT.<br />
proeqtis Tema un<strong>da</strong> exebodes problemas, romlis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wrac SesaZlebelia:<br />
• erTi sagnis (mocemul SemTxvevaSi, saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi<br />
xelovnebis) disciplinaruli kuTxiT.<br />
II.2. nimuSi 1.<br />
1. Sexvedra xelovanTan;<br />
2. saxl-muzeumi;<br />
3. `mwvane~ arqiteqtura;<br />
4. a<strong>da</strong>miani _ xelovnebis mTavari Tema;<br />
5. vikvlevT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva epoqis xelovnebas;<br />
6. STabeWdilebis mxatvrebi;<br />
7. xelovneba <strong>da</strong> fantazia;<br />
8. eqsperimentebi qan<strong>da</strong>kebaSi;<br />
9. xelovneba <strong>da</strong> inovacia.<br />
• emsaxurebodes interdisciplinaruli gamocdilebis<br />
gamTlianebas (magaliTad, saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovneba,<br />
istoria, literatura, musika, bunebismcodneoba,<br />
geografia <strong>da</strong> sxv.), rasakvirvelia, konkretuli problemis,<br />
proeqtis miznebisa <strong>da</strong> misaRwevi Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, mniSvnelovania,<br />
rom sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sagnisa <strong>da</strong> sagnobrivi jgufebis mas-<br />
wavleblebma erToblivad <strong>da</strong>gegmon <strong>da</strong> ganaxorcielon<br />
proeqtebi. am SemTxvevaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sferos momcvel<br />
interdiciplinarul proeqtebSi monawileoba <strong>da</strong>exmareba<br />
moswavleebs problemis mravali kuTxiT <strong>da</strong>naxvaSi,<br />
gamoumuSavdebaT transferis (erT sferoSi miRebuli<br />
codnis sxva situaciaSi/konteqstSi gamoyenebis),<br />
agreTve sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva disciplinis farglebSi miRebuli<br />
gamocdilebis sinTezis unari.<br />
II.2. nimuSi 2.<br />
1. qristianoba <strong>da</strong> saxviTi xelovneba (xelovneba, istoria);<br />
2. romantizmi<strong>da</strong>n realizmamde (xelovneba, musika, istoria);<br />
3. mogzauroba warsulSi (xelovneba, istoria, geografia);<br />
4. a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong> samyaro (xelovneba, literatura, bunebismcodneoba);<br />
5. `odesme didi yofila saqarTvelo...~ (xelovneba, istoria);<br />
6. aRmosavleTi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savleTi (xelovneba, istoria, geografia);<br />
7. scenaze gacocxlebuli suraTebi (xelovneba, literatura,<br />
scenografia);<br />
proeqtis Temis SerCevis, <strong>da</strong>gegmvisa <strong>da</strong> ganxorcielebisas<br />
aucilebelia mravali faqtoris gaTvaliswineba.<br />
kerZod:<br />
• moswavleebi ar un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen mxolod Semsruleblis,<br />
66 67
miT umetes, teqnikuri Semsruleblis rolSi. swored<br />
maTi aqtiuri TanamonawileobiT un<strong>da</strong> moxdes proeqtis<br />
Temis SerCeva, <strong>da</strong>gegmva, ganxorcieleba, Sefaseba;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>gegmili aqtivobebi un<strong>da</strong> emsaxurebodes moswavleTa<br />
mier SeZenili codnis praqtikul gamoyenebas;<br />
• gasaTvaliswinebelia moswavleTa mzaoba <strong>da</strong> am mzaobis<br />
Sesabamisi resursebis gamoyeneba;<br />
• moswavleTa kompetencia proeqtiT <strong>da</strong>saxuli<br />
miznebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gegmili Sedegebis misaRwevad;<br />
• proeqtze muSaobisa <strong>da</strong> calkeuli aqtivobebisaTvis<br />
Sesatyvisi drois limitis zustad gansazRvra;<br />
• jgufis wevrebs Soris funqciebis gonivruli<br />
ganawileba im mosazrebiT, rom xeli Seewyos yoveli<br />
wevris Zlier mxares, im unarebis gamovlenas, romlebic<br />
aucilebelia proeqtze muSaobisaTvis.<br />
proeqtze muSaobis procesSi mniSvnelovani roli<br />
ekisreba maswavlebels, romelsac zogjer `monawile<br />
xelmZRvanelsac~ ki uwodeben. maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinos,<br />
rom xeli Seuwyos moswavleebs sainformacio<br />
sivrceSi orientaciis, <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli muSaobis, agreTve<br />
analitikuri, SemoqmedebiTi <strong>da</strong> kritikuli azrovnebis<br />
unar-Cvevebis gamovlena-ganviTarebaSi, uzrunvelyos moswavleTa<br />
provocireba pasiuri<strong>da</strong>n aqtiur mdgomareoba-<br />
Si ga<strong>da</strong>sayvanad, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ki droulad <strong>da</strong><br />
mizanmimarTulad moxdes misi Careva muSaobis nebismier<br />
etapze (garkveuli miniSnebebis, ganmartebebis micema <strong>da</strong><br />
sxv.).<br />
proeqtze muSaobisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznebis miRwevis<br />
TvalsazrisiT gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom moswavleebi<br />
flobdnen garkveul kompetenciebs, maT Sorisaa<br />
TanamSromlobis, komunikaciis, organizaciis, saboloo<br />
produqtis Seqmnis, codnis transferis, Sefasebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
TviTSefasebis, prezentaciis kompetenciebi.<br />
proeqti SeiZleba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xangrZlivobisa <strong>da</strong> moculobis<br />
iyos (mcire, gaTvlili ramdenime saaTze; sa-<br />
Sualo, gaTvlili ramdenime kviraze <strong>da</strong> didi, gaTvlili<br />
ramdenime Tveze).<br />
proeqtze muSaoba iTvaliswinebs garkveul etapebs.<br />
kerZod:<br />
I etapi: proeqtis iniciativa. ganixileba ideebi, airCeva<br />
maTgan erT-erTi, sabuTdeba misi aqtualoba, ganisaz-<br />
Rvreba ZiriTadi amocanebi; aRniSnuli mxolod mosazrebebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> wina<strong>da</strong>debebis doneze iqneba warmodgenili.<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miReba momdevno etapze xdeba;<br />
II etapi: diskusia proeqtis inicativis irgvliv. xdeba<br />
proeqt-iniciativis erToblivi ganxilva-<strong>da</strong>xvewa, Sesa-<br />
Zlebelia, axali ideebis gaCena, garkveuli koreqtivebis<br />
Setana. msjelobis procesSi izrdeba moswavleTa motivacia.<br />
pozitiuri SeTanxmebis SemTxvevaSi diskusia<br />
sruldeba proeqtis monaxaziT;<br />
III etapi: proeqtis <strong>da</strong>gegmva. moswavleebi maswavlebelTan<br />
erTad msjeloben <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznis/miznebis<br />
Sesatyvis aqtivobebze, TiToeuli aqtivobisaTvis saWiro<br />
drois limitze, resursebsa <strong>da</strong> maTi moZiebis SesaZlo<br />
wyaroebze, organizebis formebze, calkeul aqtivobebze,<br />
jgufis TiToeuli wevris SesaZleblobebsa <strong>da</strong> wvlilze<br />
proeqtis warmatebiT ganxorcielebaSi. mocemuli etapi<br />
sruldeba proeqtis gegmis SedgeniT;<br />
68 69
proeqtis <strong>da</strong>gegmvis sqemis nimuSi:<br />
proeqtis <strong>da</strong>saxeleba<br />
problemis gansazRvra <strong>da</strong> misi aqtualobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabuTeba<br />
proeqtis mizani <strong>da</strong> mosalodneli<br />
Sedegebi<br />
proeqtis amocanebi <strong>da</strong> ganxorcielebis<br />
ZiriTadi etapebi (rigiTobis<br />
mixedviT)<br />
TiToeuli amocanis aRwera, amocanis<br />
gansaxorcieleblad saWiro dro,<br />
resursebi, mosalodneli Sedegebi,<br />
amocanis Sesrulebaze pasuxismgebeli<br />
piri.<br />
proeqtis <strong>da</strong>gegmvisas gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa<br />
mosalodneli Sedegebis aRwera, rac mohyveba proeqtis<br />
warmatebiT ganxorcielebas. Sedegebi un<strong>da</strong> iyos realisturi<br />
<strong>da</strong> Seesatyvisebodes <strong>da</strong>saxul miznebsa <strong>da</strong> amocanebs.<br />
amasTan, warmodgenili un<strong>da</strong> iyos TvalsaCinod<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>majereblad. mosalodnel SedegebSi asaxva un<strong>da</strong><br />
povos erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvrulma indikatorebma.<br />
interdisciplinaruli proeqtis SemTxvevaSi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iqnes miTiTebuli, Tu romeli sagnis ra Sedegebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> maT indikatorebzea SesaZlebeli gasvla.<br />
IV etapi: proeqtis gegmis ganxorcieleba. moswavleebi<br />
acnobiereben, rom jgufis TiToeuli wevri pasuxismgebelia<br />
im amocanaze/amocanebze, romelTa Sesrulebac man<br />
itvirTa, agreTve proeqtis saboloo erTobliv Sedegebze<br />
(produqtze). muSaobis procesSi xorcieldeba<br />
Sualeduri Sefaseba/monitoringi, rac iTvaliswinebs<br />
garkveuli samuSaos ganxilvas, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
garkveuli koreqtivebis Setanas, saTanado <strong>da</strong>skvnebis<br />
gamotanas;<br />
V etapi: proeqtis <strong>da</strong>sruleba. ganxorcielebuli proeqtis<br />
ganxilva <strong>da</strong> Sefaseba <strong>da</strong>skvniTi, amasTan, gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovani etapia. Sedegebis prezentacia<br />
(gamofena, saklaso konferencia, aqcia, saklaso stendi,<br />
speqtakli, maketi, praqtikuli namuSevrebi, ganxorcielebuli<br />
kvlevis werilobiTi angariSi <strong>da</strong> sxv.) naTlad<br />
warmoaCens proeqtis Sedegebis Zlier <strong>da</strong> sust mxareebs,<br />
Cndeba axali ideebic, rac xSirad Zlieri impulsia axali<br />
proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis;<br />
VI etapi: proeqtis Sefaseba <strong>da</strong> TviTSefaseba. jer kidev<br />
proeqtis <strong>da</strong>gegmvis etapze maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs<br />
Sefasebis meqanizms, romelic mimarTulia proeqtze<br />
muSaobisas gamoyenebuli codnisa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis gamovlenaze,<br />
agreTve periodulobas _ proeqtis Sualedur<br />
<strong>da</strong> saboloo monitorings, rac erToblivi ZalisxmeviT<br />
xorcieldeba (maswavlebeli _ moswavleebi).<br />
Sualeduri Si<strong>da</strong>monitoringis (TviTSefasebis)<br />
TiToeuli jgufis wevrebi afaseben, Tu ramdenad<br />
warmatebulad mimdinareobs proeqti, rac monawileebs<br />
exmareba muSaobis procesSi <strong>da</strong>Svebuli xarvezebis SemCnevasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamosworebaSi. es ki mniSvnelovania <strong>da</strong>saxuli<br />
miznebis miRwevisa <strong>da</strong> sasurveli Sedegebis miRebisaTvis.<br />
am etapze sasurvelia ganxorcieldes gare monitoringic.<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, maswavleblis mxri<strong>da</strong>n momzaddes Sualeduri<br />
an zepiri angariSi, romelSic aRiniSneba jgufis<br />
wevrebis mier <strong>da</strong>Svebuli Secdomebi,SeniSvnebi, rCevebi<br />
70 71
<strong>da</strong> rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi. proeqtis saboloo Sefaseba mravalmxrivi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong> naTlad warmoCndes is <strong>da</strong>debiTi<br />
Tu uaryofiTi mxareebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac <strong>da</strong>exmareba<br />
maT momdevno proeqtebze muSaobisas.<br />
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu proeqti moicavs ramdenime sferos,<br />
samuSaos SefasebaSi monawileobas ukve ramdenime maswavlebeli<br />
iRebs.<br />
zogierTi proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebelia<br />
garkveuli saxsrebi. Sesabamisad, samuSao gegmis<br />
erT-erT mniSvnelovan segments proeqtis biujeti<br />
warmoadgens, romelic ukavSirdeba proeqtis aRweraSi<br />
miTiTebul amocanebs. biujetis Sedgenisas moswavleebma<br />
racionalurad <strong>da</strong> adekvaturad un<strong>da</strong> gaanawilon Tanxebi<br />
yvela saWiro aqtivobasa <strong>da</strong> resursze.<br />
#<br />
biujetis gansazRvris sqema<br />
aqtivobis an xarjis <strong>da</strong>saxeleba raodenoba<br />
1 masalebi, romlebic saWiroa praqtikuli<br />
saqmianobisaTvis (qaRaldi,<br />
tilo, muyao, saRebavi, Tixa, plastilini,<br />
fanqari, funji, saRebavi <strong>da</strong> sxv.)<br />
2 beWdvis xarji (Tu aseTi saWiroa)<br />
3 sagamofeno <strong>da</strong>rbazis xarji (Tu ase-<br />
Ti saWiroa)<br />
4 satransporto xarjebi<br />
5 prezentaciis xarjebi<br />
6 gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi<br />
zusti<br />
fasi<br />
proeqti, rogorc wesi, Semajamebeli Sefasebis<br />
formas warmoadgens <strong>da</strong> warmoaCens konkretuli Temis<br />
farglebSi moswavleTa mier SeZenili codnisa <strong>da</strong><br />
unar-Cvevebis xarisxs. Sefasebis ganxorcielebisaTvis<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma winaswar gansaz-<br />
Rvros, ra sixSiriT, ra kriteriumebiTa <strong>da</strong> ra formiT<br />
moxdeba moswavleTa Sefaseba rogorc proeqtis<br />
mimdinareobisas, ise <strong>da</strong>skvniT etapze (individualuri/<br />
jgufuri, ganmaviTarebeli/ganmsazRvreli, mimdinare/<br />
Semajamebeli). aseve winaswar un<strong>da</strong> iyos gansazRvruli,<br />
Tu Sefasebis romeli forma iqneba gamoyenebuli proeqtze<br />
muSaobis TiToeul konkretul etapze, rogor<br />
moxdeba moswavleTa mier maTi codnisa <strong>da</strong> saswavlo<br />
progresis demonstrireba. A<br />
moswavleTa mravalmxrivi SefasebisaTvis mniSvnelovania<br />
Sefasebis cxrilebis (e.w. rubrikebis) gamo yeneba,<br />
amasTan, proeqtis ganxorcielebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva etapze,<br />
cxadia, moswavleTa asakobrivi Taviseburebebisa <strong>da</strong> proeqtiT<br />
mixedviT. samuSaos specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
sasurvelia, moswavleTa aqtiuri CarTva proeqtze muSaobis<br />
procesisa <strong>da</strong> saboloo Sedegis SefasebaSi. am<br />
mizniT mniSvnelovan pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili<br />
kiTxvarebis Sedgena rogorc moswavleebisTvis, ise <strong>da</strong>mswreTaTvis,<br />
agreTve intervius aReba, Sedegebis saerTo<br />
saklaso ganxilva <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
72 73
proeqtis Sefasebis cxrili (rubrika)<br />
1. mizani ar aris mkafiodgamokveTili,<br />
bundovania<br />
2. organizeba<br />
3. Sinaarsiskoreqtuloba<br />
4. enobrivi<br />
gamar-<br />
Tuloba<br />
1 qula 2 qula 3 qula<br />
sustad organizebuli,<br />
ar<br />
aris ideebs<br />
Soris logikuri<br />
jaWvi, rac<br />
<strong>da</strong>mabnevelia msmenelisaTvis<br />
gvxvdeba xSiri<br />
Seusabamo informacia,<br />
rasac<br />
SecdomaSi Sehyavs<br />
mkiTxveli<br />
enobrivad<br />
gaumarTavia,<br />
xSiria Secdomebi<br />
5. kvleva araefeqtura<strong>da</strong>a<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmili,<br />
gamoyenebuli<br />
informacia<br />
ar aris sando,<br />
analizi ze<strong>da</strong>pirulia<br />
6. Tval<br />
saCinoebebi<br />
TvalsaCino<br />
masala xSirad<br />
ar Seesatyviseba<br />
Sinaars, an<br />
ar gamoiyeneba<br />
jgufis mier<br />
xdeba erT mizanze<br />
fokusireba<br />
gaazrebulia<br />
Tanmimdevroba<br />
organizebis niSnebiT.<br />
zogierTi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>svla ideebs<br />
Soris gaugebaria<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, koreqtulia,<br />
aris Seusabamo<br />
<strong>da</strong> mc<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
informacia<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d, enobrivad<br />
gamar-<br />
Tulia, gvxvdeba<br />
mcire Secdomebi<br />
kvleva <strong>da</strong>gegmilia,<br />
magram jgufis<br />
potenciali ar<br />
aris gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
gamoyenebulia<br />
SezRuduli raodenobisinformaciuli<br />
masala,<br />
analizi misaRebia<br />
gamokveTilia<br />
TvalsaCino<br />
masalis kavSiri<br />
SinaarsTan, Tumca<br />
erTferovania,<br />
miznebi gamokveTilia<br />
mkafiod <strong>da</strong> martiva<strong>da</strong>a<br />
aRsaqmeli<br />
formati kargad<br />
aris organizebuli,<br />
logikuria ga<strong>da</strong>svla<br />
erTi idei<strong>da</strong>n<br />
meoreze, organizeba<br />
zrdis proeqtis<br />
efeqturobas<br />
mTlianad koreqtulia,<br />
faqtebi zusti<br />
<strong>da</strong> mkafio<br />
enobrivad srula<strong>da</strong>a<br />
gamarTuli, <strong>da</strong>culia<br />
gramatikuri normebi<br />
kvleva sworad aris<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmili, gamoyenebulia<br />
mravalmxrivi,<br />
Temis adekvaturi<br />
informacia, analizi<br />
siRrmiseulia<br />
TvalsaCino masala<br />
mravalferovania <strong>da</strong><br />
srulad Seesatyviseba<br />
Sinaars<br />
7. SemoqmedebiToba<br />
8. kav-<br />
Sirebi<br />
sagnebTan<br />
9. <strong>da</strong>skvnebi<br />
10. prezentacia<br />
jgufis mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />
ar ikveTeba<br />
SemoqmedebiTi<br />
midgoma <strong>da</strong>smuliamocanisadmi<br />
ar Cans kavSiri<br />
sxva<br />
sagnebTan, saxezea<br />
faqtebis,<br />
movlenebis<br />
uzusto interpretireba<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvnebi ar<br />
aris Camoyalibebuli<br />
ar aris<br />
efeqturad<br />
warmoCenili<br />
proeqtis arsi,<br />
jgufis wevrebs<br />
uZneldebaT<br />
azris Camoyalibeba<br />
<strong>da</strong> pasuxis<br />
gacema, ar aris<br />
miznobrivad<br />
gamoyenebuli<br />
TvalsaCinoeba<br />
zogjer ikveTeba<br />
jgufis originalurimosazrebebi,<br />
<strong>da</strong>smuli<br />
amocanisadmi<br />
SemoqmedebiTi<br />
midgoma<br />
nawilobriv<br />
gamokveTilia kavSiri<br />
erT an or<br />
saganSi miRebul<br />
codnasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvnebi Camoyalibebuliakvlevis<br />
adekvaturad,<br />
magram ar aris<br />
mkafio <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>majerebeli<br />
proeqtis arsi<br />
Camoyalibebulia,<br />
Tumca bundovnad,<br />
jgufi iyenebs<br />
TvalsaCinoebas,<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d, pasuxobs<br />
kiTxvebs<br />
saxezea siaxle, jgufis<br />
originaluri<br />
xedva, SemoqmedebiTi<br />
midgoma sakiTxisadmi<br />
xdeba mTavari mosazrebebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSireba<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sagni<strong>da</strong>n<br />
miRebul codnas-<br />
Tan, rac miuTiTebs<br />
jgufis kompetenturobaze<br />
sxva <strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
mimarTulebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvnebi logikuria<br />
<strong>da</strong> myarad argumentirebuli,<br />
ikveTeba<br />
siaxle, Camoyalibebulia<br />
mkafiod<br />
proeqtis arsi<br />
Camoyalibebulia<br />
naTlad, metyveleba<br />
_ mkafio, gaTvlilia<br />
auditoriaze, warmoCenilia<br />
ZiriTadi<br />
ideebi, jgufi iyenebs<br />
TvalsaCinoebas <strong>da</strong><br />
pasuxobs yvela<br />
kiTxvas<br />
74 75
Tavi III. <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
<strong>strategiebi</strong><br />
III.1 <strong>swavlebis</strong> <strong>strategiebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> meTodebi<br />
msoflio saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodebis<br />
safuZvliani, Teoriul safuZvlebze <strong>da</strong>myarebuli<br />
kvleva gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>iwyo, rodesac<br />
ganaTlebis sferoSi moRvawe mecnier-mkvlevarebi<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva meTodiT gansazRvruli swavlis SedegebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>interesdnen. am TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebo<br />
aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> j. qoulmanisa <strong>da</strong> q. jenqsis naSromebis<br />
Semdeg warmoebuli kvlevebi. aRniSnuli avtorebi (j.<br />
qoulmani, q. jenqsi) Seiswavlidnen moswavleTa akademiuri<br />
moswrebis ganmsazRvrel faqtorebs <strong>da</strong> akeTebdnen<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvnebs, romelTa mixedviTac, sxvaobas moswavleTa akademiur<br />
moswrebaSi gansazRvrav<strong>da</strong> Semdegi faqtorebi:<br />
moswavlis niWi/unarebi, socialuri statusi, ojaxuri<br />
garemo, amasTan, q. jenqsi wer<strong>da</strong>, rom `skola ar axdens<br />
zegavlenas im faqtorebis umetesobaze, romlebic ganapirobeben<br />
sxvaobas moswavleTa akademiur moswrebaSi~. 1<br />
ukve Semdgom, safuZvliani sistemuri mravalricxovani<br />
kvlevis Sedegebis safuZvelze, j. brofi <strong>da</strong> T. gudi<br />
werdnen, rom `miTi <strong>da</strong>imsxvra: maswavleblebi realur<br />
gavlenas axdenen moswavleTa swavlis Sedegebze~ 2 . mogvianebiT,<br />
ukve saukunis <strong>da</strong>sawyisi<strong>da</strong>n, amerikasa <strong>da</strong> evropaSi<br />
moRvawe Tanamedrove mkvlevarebi araerTgzis aRniSnaven,<br />
1 jenqsi, q., smiTi, m.s., (1972) ojaxisa <strong>da</strong> skolis zegavlenis ga<strong>da</strong>faseba<br />
amerikaSi. beiziq buqsi. gv. 15.<br />
2 brofi j., gudi T., (1986). maswavleblis qceva <strong>da</strong> moswavlis akademiuri<br />
moswreba. m. uiTroqis (red.) wignSi kvlevebi <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
meTodebis Sesaxeb. gv. 370.<br />
rom maRalakvalificiur, profesiuli codniTa <strong>da</strong> unarebiT<br />
aRWurvil maswavlebels SeuZlia ganmsazRvreli<br />
rolis Sesruleba moswavlis ara mxolod akademiur<br />
moswrebaze, aramed misi pirovnebis formirebazec <strong>da</strong> am<br />
TvalsazrisiT xazgasmiT gamoyofen <strong>swavlebis</strong> Tanamedrove,<br />
amasTan, mravalmxrivi strategiis mizanmimarTulad<br />
gamoyenebis aucileblobas. Sesabamisad, aRniSnaven,<br />
rom maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis efeqturobis<br />
zr<strong>da</strong>ze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi SeiZleba yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
iyos im RonisZiebaTa Soris, romlebic swavlis<br />
Sedegebis gasaumjobeseblad tardeba.<br />
cnobilia, rom organizaciam `kontinentis centraluri<br />
nawilis kvlevebi ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong>aTvis~<br />
(McREL) ganaxorciela zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi<br />
gamoyenebul <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli gansakuTrebiT<br />
sayuradRebo kvlevebis analizi, rac miznad<br />
isaxav<strong>da</strong> TiToeuli konkretuli meTodis efeqturobis<br />
gansazRvras. 1 gamoikveTa, rom arc erTi meTodi ar aris<br />
universaluri, romelic nebismier situaciaSi gamoirCeva<br />
Tanabari efeqtiT. mniSvnelovania, maswavlebelma gaaanalizos<br />
<strong>da</strong> gaacnobieros TiToeuli meTodis gamoyenebis<br />
SesaZleblobebi konkretul saganTan, asakobriv jguf-<br />
Tan, garkveuli individualuri maxasiaTeblebis mqone<br />
moswavleebTan mimarTebaSi <strong>da</strong> mxolod Semdeg gaakeTos<br />
saTanado arCevani.<br />
cneba `meTodi~ gulisxmobs miznis misaRwev gzas, xerxs.<br />
<strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodi warmoadgens maswavleblis mizanmimarTul<br />
qmedebas moswavleebSi saTanado kompetenciis<br />
gansaviTareblad. <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodis SerCevisaTvis mniS-<br />
1 robert j. marzano, debra j. fiqeringi, jein i. foloqi. <strong>efeqturi</strong><br />
swavleba skolaSi. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis<br />
centri. 2009. gv. 98.<br />
76 77
vnelovania maswavlebelis mier gakveTilis saswavlo<br />
miznebisa <strong>da</strong> savaraudo Sedegebis gansazRvra, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />
swored Sedegzea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodebi. amdenad,<br />
konkretuli meTodis SerCevisas gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />
SerCeuli meTodis Sesabamisoba aqtivobasTan, moswavleTa<br />
SesaZleblobebsa <strong>da</strong> gamocdilebasTan, agreTve<br />
mniSvnelovania aqtivobisaTvis saWiro resursis<br />
xelmisawvdomoba, aqtivobisaTvis gansazRvruli drois<br />
Sesabamisoba <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
saganmanaTleblo literaturaSi <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodebis<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva klasifikaciaa miRebuli. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d,<br />
gamoiyofa meTodebis ori jgufi:<br />
• meTodebi, romlebic xels uwyobs konkretuli masalis<br />
aTvisebas;<br />
• meTodebi, romlebic orientirebulia zogadi/transferuli<br />
unarebis ganviTarebaze.<br />
aRniSnuli <strong>da</strong>yofa erTgvarad pirobiT xasiaTs atarebs,<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c meTodTa umravlesoba sagnobrivTan er-<br />
Tad moswavleebs zogadi kompetenciis ganviTarebaSic<br />
exmareba.<br />
imisaTvis, rom maswavlebelma SeZlos ama Tu im meTodis<br />
adekvaturad gamoyeneba, sayuradReboa Semdegi:<br />
• ra winapiroba un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinos man konkretuli<br />
meTodis gamoyenebisas;<br />
• ra kompetenciis ganviTarebas uwobs xels esa Tu<br />
is meTodi;<br />
• ra aris TiToeuli meTodis Zlieri <strong>da</strong> susti mxareebi.<br />
sayuradReboa, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi saswavlo praqtikaSi<br />
xdeba aqtivobisa <strong>da</strong> meTodis gaigiveba. aqtivobas<br />
<strong>da</strong>esmis kiTxva: `ras akeTebs maswavlebeli?~ magaliTad,<br />
maswavlebeli klasTan erTad SeimuSavebs jgufuri muSaobis<br />
wesebs, xolo is, rasac <strong>da</strong>esmis kiTxva: `rogor<br />
akeTebs maswavlebeli?~ (e.i. ra di<strong>da</strong>qtikuri xerxiT<br />
axorcielebs am aqtivobas?) _ meTodia.<br />
imisaTvis, rom moswavlem efeqtianad gamoiyenos <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
meTodebi, igi un<strong>da</strong> flobdes swavlis efeqtur<br />
strategiebs, romelTa Sorisac gamoyofen:<br />
1. kognitur strategiebs. maTi saSualebiT moswavle<br />
iZens/moipovebs codnas, ga<strong>da</strong>amuSavebs, aanalizebs, kritikulad<br />
Seafasebs, gamoiyenebs sxva situaciaSi;<br />
2. metakognitur strategiebs (metakognicia _ azrovneba<br />
sakuTari azrovnebis Sesaxeb). xels uwyobs moswavlis<br />
aqtiur CarTvas sakuTari <strong>swavlebis</strong> procesSi, mar-<br />
TvaSi, monitoringsa <strong>da</strong> SefasebaSi, uviTarebs moswavles<br />
gaaanalizos <strong>da</strong> gamoitanos <strong>da</strong>skvna, Tu ra <strong>da</strong> rogor<br />
iswavla <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gegmos sakuTari TviTganviTareba;<br />
3. emociur-motivaciuri strategia Sesaswavli sakiTxisadmi<br />
pozitiuri ganwyobilebis Seqmnas uwyobs xels<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens motivaciaze;<br />
4. socialuri strategia, romelic socialur interaqcias<br />
efuZneba <strong>da</strong> saswavlo garemoSi codnis konstruirebisaTvis<br />
upiratesobas TanamSromlobiT swavlebas<br />
aniWebs (magaliTad, jgufuri muSaoba, diskusia, urTierTswavleba<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxv.);<br />
5. resursebze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli strategia (multimediuri,<br />
qseluri saswavlo saSualebebi, magaliTad, interneti,<br />
biblioTeka <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
aRniSnul strategiebs, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, kompleqsurad iyeneben.<br />
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi romelime strategiis deficitis<br />
dros misi kompensireba saTanado doneze gamo-<br />
78 79
yenebuli sxva <strong>strategiebi</strong>s erToblivi ZalisxmeviT<br />
miiRweva.<br />
amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodebi <strong>da</strong><br />
swavlis <strong>strategiebi</strong> erTi medlis or mxares warmoadgens.<br />
<strong>efeqturi</strong> swavlis <strong>strategiebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>ufleba <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
meTodebis <strong>efeqturi</strong> gamoyenebis winapirobaa.<br />
ganvixiloT zogierTi meTodi, romelTa efeqturobac<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabuTebulia mkvlevarTa mier <strong>da</strong> amasTan, warmatebiT<br />
aris aprobirebuli saskolo praqtikaSi.<br />
gonebrivi ieriSi (Brain storming) gamoiyeneba azrovnebis<br />
gasaaqtiureblad, arastan<strong>da</strong>rtuli azrebis,<br />
ideebis generirebisa <strong>da</strong> raime Temis/sakiTxis irgvliv<br />
codnis organizebis mizniT. aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebisTvis<br />
maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad SeimuSavebs<br />
garkveul wesebs. magaliTad:<br />
• yvela idea Rirebulia <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> iqnes ganxiluli;<br />
• mniSvnelovania ideebis raodenoba <strong>da</strong> ara xarisxi;<br />
• gonebrivi ieriSis procesSi ar xdeba ideebis gansja<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sefaseba;<br />
• yvela moswavle Tanasworuflebiania <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
G<br />
gonebrivi ieriSis meTodis gamoyeneba moicavs Semdeg<br />
etapebs:<br />
• problemis/sakiTxis gansazRvra <strong>da</strong> moswavleebisaTvis<br />
mkafiod formulireba;<br />
• aqtivobisaTvis gansazRvruli drois limitis<br />
gansazRvra;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>smuli sakiTxis/problemis irgvliv gamoTqmuli<br />
ideebis, mosazrebebis CaniSvna <strong>da</strong>faze (ganxilvisa <strong>da</strong><br />
kritikis gareSe);<br />
• azrebisa <strong>da</strong> ideebis <strong>da</strong>xarisxeba, kategoriebad <strong>da</strong><br />
prioritetebad <strong>da</strong>yofa;<br />
• gamoricxvis principiT im ideebis gamoyofa, romlebic<br />
metad Seesabameba <strong>da</strong>smul sakiTxs;<br />
• SerCeuli ideebis ganxilva-Sefaseba winaswar<br />
gansazRvruli kriteriumebis safuZvelze;<br />
• yvelaze Rirebuli ideis/ideebis, rogorc <strong>da</strong>smuli<br />
sakiTxis/problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wrisadmi saukeTeso midgomis<br />
gamovlena.<br />
diskusia warmoadgens <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTods, romelic iTvaliswinebs<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wina<strong>da</strong>debis / midgomis / ideis<br />
/ problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris gzebis Ziebas, rac miiRweva sawinaaRmdego<br />
poziciebis polemikis, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva, xSir SemTxvevaSi,<br />
radikalurad gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis, ideebis<br />
warmoSobisa <strong>da</strong> maTi ganxilva-Sejerebis safuZvelze.<br />
diskusiis warmatebuli warmarTvisaTvis mniSvnelovania<br />
sadiskusio Temis sworad SerCeva. sadiskusiod<br />
SesaZlebelia nebismieri Temis gamoyeneba, romelic<br />
moswavleebSi gansxvavebul mosazrebebs warmoSobs.<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom moswavleebi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> flobdnen saTanado codnas Temis irgvliv, SeZlon<br />
sakuTari azris gamoTqma <strong>da</strong> argumentirebuli <strong>da</strong>sabuTeba.<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, diskusia mizanSewonilia gaimarTos<br />
gakveTilze garkveuli formaluri codnis miRebis Semdeg<br />
misi ganmtkicebis mizniT.<br />
diskusiis msvlelobisas maswavlebels SeuZleba <strong>da</strong>svas<br />
<strong>da</strong>mazustebeli kiTxvebi im mosazrebiT, rom misces<br />
<strong>da</strong>/an Secvalos diskusiis mimarTuleba.<br />
diskusia argumentirebul oponirebas gulisxmobs.<br />
moswavleTa monawileoba polemikaSi maT mier axali<br />
codnis swraf aTvisebas uzrunvelyofs. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa,<br />
80 81
diskusia, xels uwyobs iseTi mniSvnelovani unarebis<br />
ganviTarebas, rogoricaa prezentaciis, kritikuli azrovnebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> argumentirebuli msjelobis, komunikaciis,<br />
konfliqturi situaciebis regulirebisa <strong>da</strong> sxv. saklaso<br />
diskusia ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, xasiaTdeba moswavleTa Car-<br />
TulobiT, xels uwyobs maTi azrovnebis fokusirebas<br />
konkretul sakiTxze, zrdis motivacias. diskusiis procesSi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> moxdes Temis yvela sa<strong>da</strong>vo aspeqtis sruli<br />
ganxilva. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moswavleebs un<strong>da</strong><br />
mieceT sakuTari azrebis vizualizaciis SesaZlebloba.<br />
saklaso diskusiis <strong>da</strong>gegmvisa <strong>da</strong> warmarTvisaTvis<br />
mniSvnelovania maswavleblis mier Semdegi aspeqtebis<br />
gaTvaliswineba:<br />
• sadiskusio Tema un<strong>da</strong> iyos moswavleTaTvis saintereso,<br />
iTvaliswinebdes maT asakobriv Taviseburebebs,<br />
cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasa <strong>da</strong> saTanado codnas;<br />
• SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma winaswar gaacnos moswavleebs<br />
sadiskusio Tema <strong>da</strong> SesTavazos maT saTanado<br />
informaciis <strong>da</strong>moukideblad moZieba (resursis miTiTebiT),<br />
sakuTari poziciis gansazRvra;<br />
• moswavleTaTvis cnobili un<strong>da</strong> iyos diskusiaSi<br />
monawileobis wesebi, romelTa <strong>da</strong>cvac un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyon<br />
(magaliTad, ar ilaparakoT erTdroulad, pativi eciT<br />
gansxvavebul azrs <strong>da</strong> sxv.);<br />
• maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyos diskusiaSi moswavleTa<br />
maqsimaluri CarTuloba, pasiuri moswavleebis<br />
motivireba;<br />
• maswavlebelma ar un<strong>da</strong> gamoxatos Tavisi piradi<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba ama Tu im mosazrebis/ideis mimarT. misi<br />
amocanaa _ iyos neitraluri;<br />
• aucilebelia diskusiis Sedegebis Sejameba-Sefaseba,<br />
rac maswavleblisa <strong>da</strong> moswavleebis erToblivi ZalisxmeviT<br />
un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes;<br />
sadiskusio Temebis sanimuSo CamonaTvali:<br />
III.1. nimuSi 1.<br />
• xelovani <strong>da</strong> dro;<br />
• xelovani <strong>da</strong> sazogadoeba;<br />
• ferwera <strong>da</strong> mxatvruli fotografia;<br />
• saxviTi xelovneba <strong>da</strong> beWdviTi saqme;<br />
• `xelovneba mZlavri iaraRia!~<br />
• arqiteqtura <strong>da</strong> bunebrivi garemo;<br />
• Tanamedrove qalaqis arqiteqtura;<br />
• muzeumebisa <strong>da</strong> samxatvro galereebis roli<br />
sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi;<br />
• profesia - `dizaineri~;<br />
• Tanamedrove scenografia <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
demonstrirebis meTodi informaciis vizualurad<br />
warmodgenas gulisxmobs <strong>da</strong> mniSvnelovan pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur<br />
efeqtzea gaTvlili. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, demonstraciis meTodi<br />
axali masalis axsnas ukavSirdeba <strong>da</strong> SesaZlebelia<br />
ganxorcieldes rogorc maswavleblis, ise moswavleebis<br />
mier. es strategia TvalsaCinod, vizualurad warmoaCens<br />
Sesaswavli sakiTxis arss <strong>da</strong> SesaZlebelia atarebdes<br />
martiv saxes (magaliTad, moswavleebi erToblivad (jgufurad)<br />
`aRmoaCenen~, Tu rogor miiReba Sedgenili ferebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> Semdeg axdenen miRebuli Sedegebis demonstrirebas),<br />
aseve SesaZlebelia rTuli eqsperimentis saxe miiRos<br />
(magaliTad, TiToeuli jgufis wevrebma maT xelT arsebuli<br />
sagnebisagan un<strong>da</strong> Seadginon konkretuli saxis kom-<br />
82 83
pozicia _ simetriuli an asimetriuli, Tanaklaselebma<br />
ki Seafason TiToeuli jgufis mier miRebuli Sedegebi).<br />
demonstrirebis meTodis gamoyenebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia:<br />
• mkafiod ganisazRvros konkretuli aqtivobis mizani/<br />
<strong>da</strong>niSnuleba _ ra codnis SeZenasa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebazea<br />
orientirebuli;<br />
• gaTvaliswinebul iqnes moswavleTa momzadebis done,<br />
maTi sabazo codna;<br />
• demonstrirebis meTodis gamoyenebisaTvis mniSvnelovania<br />
moswavleTa aRWurva saTanado resursiT<br />
(saRebavi, formati, sagnebi <strong>da</strong> sxv.);<br />
• demonstrirebis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde maswavlebelma mkafiod<br />
un<strong>da</strong> Camoayalibos instruqcia, romlis gaTvaliswinebi-<br />
Tac moswavleebi Seasruleben samuSaos;<br />
• demonstrirebis <strong>da</strong>srulebisas aucilebelia Sesrulebuli<br />
samuSaos Sejameba <strong>da</strong> saTanado <strong>da</strong>skvnebis<br />
gakeTeba.<br />
roluri TamaSi/simulacia erT-erTi yvelaze SemoqmedebiTi<br />
meTodia, romlis gamoyenebac xels uwyobs moswavleTa<br />
motivaciis amaRlebas saswavlo procesisadmi,<br />
uviTarebs maT SemoqmedebiTobas, iniciativas, kritikuli<br />
azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong> argumentirebuli msjelobis, erToblivi<br />
muSaobis, Sefasebisa <strong>da</strong> TviTSefasebis unar-Cvevebs.<br />
roluri TamaSis ZiriTadi tipebia:<br />
• Tavisuflad asocirebuli roluri TamaSebi,<br />
romelsac moswavleebi spontanurad, uSualod TamaSis<br />
dros qmnian. am tipis TamaSebi eqvemdebareba mxolod<br />
moswavleTa Tavisufal SeTanxmebas;<br />
• reglamentirebuli roluri TamaSi, romelic winaswar<br />
Sedgenil gegmas, myar wesebs, konkretul scenars <strong>da</strong><br />
mis gansaxorcieleblad gamoyenebul gansazRvrul saSualebebs<br />
eqvemdebareba.<br />
roluri TamaSis mizania, saswavlo procesSi maqsimaluri<br />
CarTvis, codnis transferis, saswavlo masalis<br />
cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebis, interdisciplinaruli<br />
kavSirebis realizebis, monawileTa iniciativis,<br />
SemoqmedebiTi potencialis gamovlena.<br />
roluri TamaSebis SesaZleblobebis gamoyeneba xelovnebis<br />
gakveTilze mniSvnelovan pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur efeqtzea<br />
gaTvlili.<br />
III.1. nimuSi 2.<br />
• maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs, TiToeuli<br />
jgufis wevrebma erToblivad airCion romelime, maT-<br />
Tvis sasurveli yofiTi Janris ferweruli nimuSi <strong>da</strong><br />
scadon misi `gacocxleba~ scenaze.<br />
• moswavleebi erToblivad ganixilaven suraTze<br />
warmodgenil siuJets, aRweren personaJebs (garegnoba,<br />
samosi, varcxniloba, aqsesuarebi <strong>da</strong> sxv.), fons,<br />
romelzec arian warmodgenili (interieri, aveji, yofiTi<br />
sagnebi <strong>da</strong> sxv.), axasiaTeben personaJebs, maT urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas,<br />
arkveven, Tu romel socialur fenas<br />
miekuTvnebian suraTze gamosaxuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romel<br />
epoqaSi/kulturaSi cxovrobdnen. moswavleebi cdiloben<br />
Caswvdnen fermweris Canafiqrs, ganixilaven mis mier<br />
gamoyenebul mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobiTobis xerxebs<br />
(kompozicia, koloriti, Suq-Crdili, ritmi <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
• siuJetis Sesabamisad, moswavleebi muSaoben miniwarmodgenis<br />
scenarze, azusteben <strong>da</strong>smuli amocanis<br />
gansaxorcieleblad saWiro resurss (samosi detalebi,<br />
aqsesuareni, yofiTi sagnebi <strong>da</strong> sxv.), inawileben rolebs.<br />
84 85
• moswavleebi wardgebian Tanaklaselebis winaSe<br />
jgufuri namuSevrebiT. mniSvnelovania namuSevrebis<br />
ganxilvisa <strong>da</strong> Sefasebis procesi, rac naTlad gamokveTs<br />
moswavleTa codnas, agreTve mTel rig arsebiT _ <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis,<br />
yuradRebis koncentraciis, SemoqmedebiTi <strong>da</strong><br />
kritikuli azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong> argumentirebuli msjelobis,<br />
Sefasebisa <strong>da</strong> TviTSefasebis unar-Cvevebs.<br />
roluri TamaSebis/simulaciebis organizebisas maswavlebeli<br />
iTvaliswinebs ramdenime mniSvnelovan<br />
sakiTxs. kerZod:<br />
• mniSvnelovania moswavleTa waxaliseba improvizaciisaTvis,<br />
<strong>da</strong>smuli amocanis ga<strong>da</strong>Wrisadmi SemoqmedebiTi<br />
midgomisaTvis;<br />
• yuradRebis gamaxvileba sakuTriv muSaobis procesze<br />
(moswavleebis msjeloba, mosazrebaTa <strong>da</strong>sabuTeba,<br />
SeZenili codnis, agreTve iniciativis, SemoqmedebiTi midgomis<br />
gamovlena, TanamSromloba <strong>da</strong> sxv.);<br />
• namuSevrebis ganxilvis procesSi sasceno kostiumebis<br />
elementebis, martivi dekoraciebis, TviTnakeTi<br />
resursis suraTis siuJetTan Sesabamisobaze aqcentireba;<br />
• codnis transferis uzrunvelyofa (magaliTad, xelovneba<br />
_ istoria _ Teatri);<br />
• konstruqciuli kritikis SeTavazeba;<br />
• namuSevrebis mravalmxrivi Sefaseba moswavleTa aqtiuri<br />
monawileobiT.<br />
kognituri diagramebi<br />
moswavleTa mier SeZenili codnis ganmtkicebisaTvis,<br />
im mosazrebiT, rom axali codna funqciuri <strong>da</strong> mobiluri<br />
gaxdes, sayuradReboa miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze<br />
warmodgenis aralingvisturi xerxebis gamoyeneba.<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, saskolo praqtikaSi maswavleblebi axali masalas<br />
waradgenen lingvisturi formiT (axsna, kiTxva,<br />
saubari/mosazrebaTa urTierTgaziareba <strong>da</strong> sxv.), Tumca<br />
kvlevebis Sedegad <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebulia aralingvisturi<br />
formebis gamoyenebis efeqturoba axali saswavlo masalis<br />
ukeT gaazrebis, moswavleTa SemecnebiTi aqtivobis,<br />
saazrovno unar-Cvevebis, agreTve <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli muSaobis,<br />
Sefasebisa <strong>da</strong> TviTSefasebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
informaciis warmodgenis aralingvisturi formebis<br />
gamoyeneba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis <strong>da</strong>valebasa <strong>da</strong> savarjiSoebze<br />
muSaobisas aris SesaZlebeli. mniSvnelovania, rom<br />
konkretuli forma xels un<strong>da</strong> uwyobdes moswavleTa<br />
codnis gafarToebas. isini ukeT igeben saswavlo masalas<br />
<strong>da</strong> efeqtura<strong>da</strong>c iyeneben gansxvavebul konteqstSi,<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c erTvebian azrovnebis procesSi.<br />
aRniSnul formebs Soris yvelaze gavrcelebulia<br />
saazrovno sqemebi, anu kognituri diagramebi. zoga<strong>da</strong>d,<br />
grafikuli sqema orive formas gulisxmobs _ rogorc<br />
lingvisturs (sityvebi, frazebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.), ise aralingvisturs<br />
(sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis simbolo, isrebi <strong>da</strong> a.S., rac<br />
faqtebis, movlenebisa <strong>da</strong> sxv. urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebs<br />
gamoxatavs), cxadia, konkretuli mocemulobis Sesabamisad.<br />
grafikuli sqemebi saswavlo procesSi SeiZleba<br />
sxva mizniTac iqnes gamoyenebuli (magaliTad, aRweris,<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebis, droiTi Tanmimdevrobis, mizezSedegobriobis<br />
86 87
gansazRvris, yuradRebis koncentrirebisa <strong>da</strong> sakiTxze<br />
fokusirebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> a.S.).<br />
grafikul sqemebsa <strong>da</strong> diagramebze muSaoba mravalmxriv<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili. kerZod:<br />
• xels uwyobs moswavlis motivaciis amaRlebas;<br />
• yuradRebis mobilizebas;<br />
• aaqtiurebs SeZenil codnas;<br />
• exmareba mTlianobaSi gaiazros masala;<br />
• uviTarebs kritikul, analitikur azrovnebas;<br />
• sakuTari mosazrebebis gadmocemisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sabuTebis<br />
unars;<br />
• uviTarebs TviTSefasebis unars <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
msgavsebisa <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebis meTodi<br />
meTodebi, romlebic msgavsebasa <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebas ukav-<br />
Sirdeba, SeiZleba swavlis qvakuTxe<strong>da</strong>d iqnes miCneuli.<br />
kvlevebSi, romlebSic am meTodis efeqturobaa <strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli<br />
eqsperimentuli muSaobis analizis safuZvelze,<br />
yuradReba gamaxvilebulia im faqtze, rom faqtebis, movlenebis<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S. Se<strong>da</strong>rebisas saerTo <strong>da</strong> ganmasxvavebeli<br />
niSnebis gamovlenaze orientireba xels uwyobs kiTxvebis<br />
warmoSobas, versiebis gaCenas saTanado argumentebiT,<br />
diskusiis situaciis Seqmnas. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, am saxis<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebebze muSaobisas moswavleebi avlenen maT mier<br />
SeZenili codnis gaazrebisa <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebul konteqstSi<br />
gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebs. gansakuTrebiT <strong>efeqturi</strong>a msgavsebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> gansxvavebis meTodis gamoyeneba, rodesac<br />
moswavleebi maswavleblis miniSnebebis gareSe, erToblivi<br />
muSaobis (jgufuri) pirobebSi akeTeben saTanado<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvnebs, es ki xels uwyobs axali, zogjer urTierTgansxvavebuli<br />
ideebis stimulirebas.<br />
codnis gaazrebisa <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebis efeturobas sagrZno-<br />
blad zrdis moswavleTa mier grafikuli sqemebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
diagramebis gamoyeneba, rac xels uwyobs saerTo <strong>da</strong> ganmasxvavebeli<br />
niSnebis aRmoCenis stimulacias. <strong>efeqturi</strong><br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebisaTvis sayuradReboa moswavleTa mier Sesa<strong>da</strong>rebeli<br />
obieqtebis, faqtebis, movlenebis mniSvnelovani<br />
maxasiaTeblebis mkafiod gansazRvra, rac Semdeg ukve<br />
msgavsebisa <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebis identifikaciis safuZvlad<br />
iqceva.<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma Se<strong>da</strong>rebisaTvis<br />
gamoiyenos naTlad struqturirebuli savarjiSoebi<br />
(ras <strong>da</strong> romeli maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT a<strong>da</strong>reben), rac<br />
sayuradReboa moswavleTa mxri<strong>da</strong>n Zalisxmevis garkveuli<br />
tipis <strong>da</strong>skvnebze mimarTvis TvalsazrisiT. am tipis<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebebi mimarTulia moswavleTa mier erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave<br />
maxasiaTeblebs Soris arsebuli msgavseba-gansxvavebebis<br />
amocnobaze. Se<strong>da</strong>rebisa <strong>da</strong> msgavseba-gansxvavebis mizniT<br />
gamoi yeneba:<br />
venis diagrama<br />
88 89
venis diagrama gamoiyeneba ori sagnis an movlenis,<br />
gansaxilveli sakiTxebis, faqtebis, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xelovanis<br />
Semoqmedebis, xelovnebis erTi <strong>da</strong>rgis, Janrisa Tu sxv.<br />
nimuSebis <strong>da</strong> a.S. rogorc saerTo, ise ganmasxvavebeli<br />
niSnebis <strong>da</strong>safiqsireblad: wreebis ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis monakveTSi<br />
Caiwereba saerTo, marjvena <strong>da</strong> marcxena monakveTebSi ki<br />
_ gansxvavebuli niSnebi.<br />
venis diagramaze muSaoba moswavles uadvilebs<br />
gansaxilveli sakiTxis ukeT gaazrebasa <strong>da</strong> aRqmas, ganuviTarebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirvebulobis, kritikuli <strong>da</strong> analitikuri<br />
azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli muSaobis unar-Cvevebs.<br />
venis diagramaze muSaoba SesaZlebelia rogorc individualurad,<br />
ise wyvilSi <strong>da</strong> jgufurad.<br />
III.1. nimuSi 3.<br />
• Zveli saberZneTis xelovneba _ Zveli romis xelovneba;<br />
• Jak lui <strong>da</strong>vidis Semoqmedeba _ eJen delakruas<br />
Semoqmedeba;<br />
• goias `1808 wlis 8 maisi~ _ pikasos `<strong>da</strong>xvreta<br />
koreaSi~;<br />
• lado gudiaSvilis `sakadrisi pasuxi~ _ merab<br />
berZeniSvilis `giorgi saakaZe~;<br />
• elene axvledianis `Semodgoma kaxeTSi~ _ van<br />
gogis `Semodgomis peizaJi oTxi xiT~.<br />
grafikuli sqemis gamoyeneba<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebis savarjiSoSi. Se<strong>da</strong>rebis<br />
dros, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, ori tipis<br />
grafikuli sqema gamoiyeneba _<br />
venis diagrama (diagrama 2.3) <strong>da</strong><br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebis matrica (diagrama 2.4).<br />
rogorc diagrama 2.3ze Cans,<br />
venis diagrama exmareba moswavleebs,<br />
vizualurad aRiqvan or<br />
sagans an movlenas Soris arsebuli<br />
msgavseba <strong>da</strong> gansxvaveba.<br />
rogorc III.1. nimuSi wesi, ori 4. wris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTaSi<br />
msgavsebaTa CamonaTvalia<br />
mocemuli. gansxvavebebi ki<br />
warmodgenilia wreebis im nawilebze,<br />
romlebic ar ikveTeba. idealur<br />
maxasiaTeblebi:<br />
SemTxvevaSi, moswavleebma<br />
venis diagrama ori sagnis an movlenis<br />
1. siuJeti; TiToeuli maxasiaTeblis<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebisas 2. kompozicia; un<strong>da</strong> Seavson. aseT<br />
dros isini kargad <strong>da</strong>inaxaven, Tu<br />
rogor 3. koloriti;<br />
hgavs an gansxvavdeba ori<br />
movlena an sagani am konkretuli<br />
4. foni;<br />
maxasiaTeblis mixedviT.<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebis matrica<br />
msgavsebisa <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebis gamovlena<br />
diagrama 2. 4<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebis matrica<br />
Sesa<strong>da</strong>rebeli Temebi<br />
maxasiaTeblebi # 1 # 2 # 3<br />
1 msgavsebebi<br />
gansxvavebebi<br />
2 msgavsebebi<br />
gansxvavebebi<br />
3 msgavsebebi<br />
gansxvavebebi<br />
4 msgavsebebi<br />
gansxvavebebi<br />
diagrama 2. 3.<br />
venis diagrama<br />
es grafikuli sqema gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac<br />
Sesa<strong>da</strong>rebelia orze meti sagani an movlena, nawarmoebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S., rac iTvaliswinebs ufro detalur midgomas<br />
Sesa<strong>da</strong>rebeli obieqtebisadmi <strong>da</strong> gar<strong>da</strong> Se<strong>da</strong>reba-gansxvavebisa,<br />
aRiniSneba TiToeuli obieqtis maxasiaTeblebic.<br />
rembrandti. `moxuci qalis portreti~ _ renuari.<br />
`de<strong>da</strong>-Svili~ _ pikaso. `supi~.<br />
5. ganwyobileba.<br />
rogorc diagrama 2.4ze Cans, detaluri<br />
midgomis dros Se<strong>da</strong>rebis<br />
matrica ufro gamoiyeneba, vidre<br />
venis diagrama. Sesabamisad, roca<br />
maswavlebeli Se<strong>da</strong>rebis matricas<br />
iyenebs, aucilebelia, moswavleebs<br />
ufro detaluri instruqciebi<br />
misces. qvemoT ori magaliTia moyvanili.<br />
magaliTi 1 warmoadgens<br />
savarjiSos, Se<strong>da</strong>rebis matricis<br />
90 91<br />
21
T-diagrama<br />
sqema gamoiyeneba gansaxilveli sakiTxebis (faqtebis,<br />
movlenebis, mxatvruli mimarTulebebis, epoqebis, xelovanTa<br />
Semoqmedebis, xelovnebis nimuSebis <strong>da</strong> a.S.) Sesa<strong>da</strong>reblad,<br />
<strong>da</strong>sapirispireblad, anu mxolod ganmasxvavebeli<br />
niSnebis aRsaniSnad. Sesabamisad, sqemis TiToeul<br />
grafaSi Caiwereba faqtebis, movlenebis <strong>da</strong> a.S. gansxvavebuli<br />
niSnebi.<br />
sqemaze muSaoba moswavles gauadvilebs gansaxilveli<br />
sakiTxis ukeT gaazrebas, mis arsSi wvdomas, ganuviTarebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirvebis, <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gakeTebis, kritikuli azrovnebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli muSaobis unarebs.<br />
sqemaze muSaoba SesaZlebelia rogorc individualurad,<br />
ise wyvilSi <strong>da</strong> jgufurad.<br />
III.1. nimuSi 5.<br />
• qan<strong>da</strong>kebis saxeebi: monumenturi _ <strong>da</strong>zguri;<br />
• saxviTi xelovnebis <strong>da</strong>rgebi: ferwera _ qan<strong>da</strong>keba;<br />
• saxviTi xelovnebis Janrebi: peizaJi _ naturmorti;<br />
• mxatvruli mimdinareobebi: romantizmi _ realizmi;<br />
• impresionistebi: klod mone _ edgar dega.<br />
klasifikaciis meTodebi<br />
msgavsebisa <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebis aRmoCena Se<strong>da</strong>rebis dros<br />
xdeba. Se<strong>da</strong>reba warmoadgens sagans an ideebs Soris msgavsebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> gansxvavebis identifikaciis process. es<br />
procesi mniSvnelovania klasifikaciis drosac.<br />
klasifikacia saganTa kategoriebad <strong>da</strong>jgufebis procesia,<br />
romelic maT maxasiaTeblebs efuZneba. garkveuli<br />
elementebis klasifikacia swored msgavsebisa <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebis<br />
identifikaciiT iwyeba <strong>da</strong> mxolod amis Semdeg<br />
xdeba mocemuli elementebis <strong>da</strong>jgufeba or an ramdenime<br />
kategoriad.<br />
klasifikaciaze orientirebuli savarjiSoebi Sei-<br />
Zleba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis iyos:<br />
1. savarjiSoebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs maswavleblis<br />
mier SeTavazebuli elementebis klasifikacias. am<br />
SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs.<br />
awvdis 24 moswavleebs <strong>efeqturi</strong> informacias swavleba skolaSi im kategoriebis Sesaxeb,<br />
romelTa mixedviTac maT TviTon un<strong>da</strong> ganaxorcielon<br />
diagrama 2. 6<br />
mocemuli elementebis klasifikacia.<br />
klasifikaciisaTvis saWiro grafikuli sq<br />
I tipis kategoriebi<br />
savarjiSoebis sqema<br />
92<br />
• RonisZiebebi, romelTac fi<br />
93<br />
is savarjiSos mag<br />
zikuri Zala <strong>da</strong> sizuste Tanabrad<br />
sWirdebaT.<br />
mTlianad moswav<br />
vazea mimarTuli<br />
moswavleebs klasSi un<strong>da</strong> war Cans, rom moswavl<br />
moedginaT klasifikaciis saku rogorc kategori<br />
Tari Sedegebi <strong>da</strong> argumentire aseve im elemente
2. savarjiSoebi, romlebze muSaobac iTvaliswinebs<br />
Sejamebisa <strong>da</strong> Canawerebis gakeTebis meTodebi<br />
maswavleblis mier mocemuli sagnebis an movlenebis<br />
Sejameba <strong>da</strong> Canawerebis gakeTeba <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli un-<br />
CamonaTvalis klasifikaciis <strong>da</strong>moukideblad ganxorar-Cvevebia,<br />
romelTa gamomuSavebac iTvaliswinebs incielebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> kategoriebis <strong>da</strong>dgenas. am tipis <strong>da</strong>valeformaciis<br />
warmodgenas mokle, sinTezuri formiT. amibebis<br />
Sesruleba mTlianad moswavleTa Zalisxmevazea<br />
tomac SesaZlebelia maTi gaerTianeba <strong>swavlebis</strong> erT<br />
mimarTuli. SesaZlebelia, moswavleebs mieciT <strong>da</strong>valebebi,<br />
meTodSi, romlis gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi SeiZleba<br />
a skolaSi<br />
romelTa Sesasruleblad maT ara mxolod kategoriebis<br />
mofiqreba mouwevT, aramed sagnebisa Tu movlenebis nusx-<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis <strong>da</strong>valebiTa <strong>da</strong> savarjiSoiT iyos warmodgenili.<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, gamoiyofa Semdegi tipis <strong>da</strong>valeis<br />
diagrama Sedgenac. 2. 6<br />
ikaciisaTvis saWiro grafikuli sqemebi<br />
II tipis savarjiSoebis sqema<br />
iebi<br />
bebi:<br />
1. moswavleTa mier teqstze muSaoba, rac iTvaliswinebs<br />
garkveuli saxis, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, Semajamebeli tipis<br />
Canawerebis gakeTebas. am SemTxvevaSi moswavles<br />
moeTxoveba, <strong>da</strong>moukideblad an jgufurad, kargad gaiazros<br />
mocemuli teqsti <strong>da</strong> maswavleblis instruqciis<br />
Sesabamisad Seasrulos <strong>da</strong>valeba.<br />
2. moswavleebs eZlevaT mza teqsti maswavleblis<br />
Canaweris saxiT, razec muSaoben <strong>da</strong>valebis pirobis Sesabamisad.<br />
ganvixiloT im tipis <strong>da</strong>valebebi/savarjiSoebi, romlebic<br />
sayuradReboa xelovnebis gakveTilze gamoyenebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT. aRniSnuli meTodis efeqturobas gacilebiT<br />
zrdis garkveuli CarCoebis gamoyeneba (Sejamebis<br />
CarCoebi), romelTac maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs.<br />
CarCo SeiZleba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis iyos, rac<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia <strong>da</strong>valebis/savarjiSos mizansa <strong>da</strong> konkre-<br />
romelTac fi sqema #1 is savarjiSos gamoiyeneba magaliTi, im SemTxvevaSi, romelic rodesac katea<br />
sizuste Tangoriebi msgavsia mTlianad (ganzogadebis moswavleTa donis Zalisxme mixedviT), sqema<br />
aT. #2 ki, rodesac vazea kategoriebi<strong>da</strong>n mimarTuli <strong>da</strong> zogierTi romelSic ufro zogadia<br />
sSi un<strong>da</strong> war sxvebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT. Cans, rom moswavles Tavad uxdeba<br />
fikaciissaku rogorc kategoriebis mofiqreba,<br />
argumentire aseve im elementebis nusxis Sedtul<br />
mocemulobaze. kerZod:<br />
• naratiuli CarCo, romelic umTavresad mxatvruli<br />
nawarmoebis ganxilvisas gamoiyeneba, Tumca maswavlebels<br />
SeuZlia xelovnebis gakveTilze saxviTi xelovnebis<br />
nawarmoebis ganxilvisas gamoiyenos, rac, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>,<br />
ukavSirdeba mis siuJetur mxares (yofiTi Janri).<br />
atommiakuTim RonisZiebas<br />
orias. 94<br />
gena, romlebsac<br />
gaanawilebs.<br />
kategoriebad<br />
95<br />
savarjiSoebi,<br />
ad moswavleTa<br />
literaturis gakveTilze wlevandeli<br />
wlisaTvis gansazRvruli<br />
bolo wignis kiTxva <strong>da</strong>as<br />
rTuli. mTli rules. qalbatonma bleiqma,<br />
Zalisxmevazea romelic am moswavleebs ukve
magaliTi.<br />
gakveTilis erT-erT saswavlo mizans Seadgens namu-<br />
Sevris ganxilva konkretul istoriul-kulturul <strong>da</strong><br />
socialur konteqstSi. maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs,<br />
TiToeulma jgufma ganixilos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva epoqaSi<br />
Seqmnili yofiTi Janris nimuSi <strong>da</strong> erToblivad imuSaon<br />
naratiul CarCoSi mocemul kiTxvebze.<br />
naratiuli CarCos sanimuSo kiTxvebi:<br />
III.1. nimuSi 6.<br />
1. aRwereT nawarmoebi.<br />
2 <strong>da</strong>axasiaTeT personaJebi.<br />
3. gamoyaviT, Tqveni azriT, mTavari personaJi/personaJebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> aRniSneT, ra ganasxvavebs maT sxva persona-<br />
Jebisagan.<br />
4. aRniSneT <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba personaJebs Soris.<br />
5. aRniSneT maTi emociebi, grZnobebi.<br />
6. gamoTqviT azri mxatvris Canafiqrze.<br />
7. aRniSneT mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobiTobis xerxebi,<br />
romlebic gamoiyena man Canafiqris gansaxorcieleblad<br />
(kompozicia, koloriti, foni <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
8. gansazRvreT savaraudo epoqa, kultura, persona JTa<br />
socialuri mdgomareoba vizualuri detalebis mixedviT.<br />
9. wamoayeneT versiebi namuSevris avtoris Sesaxeb<br />
<strong>da</strong> moiyvaneT saTanado argumentebi. aRniSneT avtoris<br />
SemoqmedebiTi individualobisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli<br />
niSnebi.<br />
naratiul CarCoze muSaoba moswavleebs ara mxolod<br />
xelovnebis nimuSze msjelobis, aramed miRebuli informaciis<br />
Sejamebisa <strong>da</strong> garkveuli <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gakeTebis un-<br />
ar-Cvevebsac uviTarebs. maswavlebels SeuZlia TiToeuli<br />
konkretuli namuSevris Sesabamisad gansazRvros kiTxvebi<br />
CarCosaTvis yoveli konkretuli SemTxvevisaTvis.<br />
• ganmartebiTi CarCo gamoiyeneba konkretuli cnebis<br />
ganmartebis an <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebuli cnebebis identifikaciis<br />
mizniT. mniSvnelovania, maswavlebelis mier mkafiod<br />
<strong>da</strong> naTlad Camoyalibeba im kiTxvebisa, romlebsac moswavleebs<br />
sTavazobs ganmartebiTi CarCos saxiT.<br />
III.1. nimuSi 7.<br />
gakveTilis Tema _ `SuamdinareTis xelovneba~<br />
1. ras ganvmartavT?<br />
2. romel istoriul epoqas miekuTvneba es cneba/SuamdinareTis<br />
xelovneba/kultura?<br />
3. ra maxasiaTeblebi ganasxvavebs SuamdinareTis xelovnebas<br />
Zveli samyaros sxva civilizaciebis kulturisagan?<br />
4. romel qveynebsa <strong>da</strong> kulturebs moicavs SuamdinareTis<br />
xelovneba?<br />
III.1. nimuSi 8.<br />
gakveTilis Tema _ `ferTa samyaro~<br />
1. ras ganvmartavT? (kontrastul ferebs)<br />
2. rogor ferebs miekuTvneba kontrastuli ferebi?<br />
3. ra maxasiaTeblebiT gamoirCeva kontrastuli ferebi<br />
monaTesave ferebisagan?<br />
4. romeli mxatvrebisaTvis aris <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli kontrastuli<br />
ferebisaTvis upiratesobis miniWeba? <strong>da</strong>asaxeleT<br />
magaliTebi.<br />
96 97
ganmartebiT CarCoze muSaobisas moswavleebi ar<br />
ifar glebian axali cnebebisa Tu terminologiis viwro<br />
ganmartebiT. ganmartebiTi CarCos gamoyenebiT isini, ra<br />
Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, ukeT acnobiereben axal masalas, amasTan, mravalmxriv<br />
ganixilaven, rac, Tavis mxriv, qmnis safuZvels<br />
Semdeg ukve gansxvavebul konteqstSi gamoyenebisaTvis.<br />
5. argumentaciis CarCo moicavs informacias, romelic<br />
sayuradReboa konkretuli argumentis gasamyareblad <strong>da</strong><br />
exmareba moswavleebs kritikuli azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong> argumentirebuli<br />
msjelobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaSi.<br />
argumentaciis CarCoSi mocemul kiTxvebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT<br />
moswavleebs mohyavT informacia, romelsac konkretul<br />
argumentamde mivyavarT, mohyavT magaliTebi am argumentis<br />
gasamyareblad.<br />
argumentaciis CarCos sanimuSo kiTxvebi:<br />
1. ra informacias mivyavarT argumentamde?<br />
2. romelia maTgan mTavari mtkicebuleba/argumenti?<br />
3. ra magaliTebi an ganmartebebia warmodgenili argumentis<br />
gasamyareblad?<br />
4. ra <strong>da</strong>Tmobebi keTdeba argumentis gasamyareblad?<br />
samuSaos <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg (SeiZleba individualurad<br />
an wyvilSi Seasrulon) moswavleebi iyofian<br />
jgufebad, a<strong>da</strong>reben (aanalizeben) maT versiebs, msjeloben<br />
maT irgvliv <strong>da</strong> akeTeben saTanado <strong>da</strong>skvnebs, romelTac<br />
Semdeg Tanaklaselebs acnoben. <strong>da</strong>sasruls xdeba mosazrebaTa<br />
Sejameba-Sejereba.<br />
6. problemis aRmofxvraze orientirebuli CarCo exmareba<br />
moswavleebs problemis Camoyalibebasa <strong>da</strong> misi ga<strong>da</strong>Wris<br />
gzebis identifikaciis ganxorcielebaSi. am SemTxvevaSi<br />
maswavlebeli svams problemas, moswavleebi msjeloben<br />
mis irgvliv. msjelobis procesSi iyeneben problemis<br />
aRmofxvraze orientirebul CarCoSi mocemul kiTxvebs.<br />
problemis aRmofxvraze orientirebuli CarCos sanimuSo<br />
kiTxvebi:<br />
1. ra mtkicebulebebi gansazRvravs sakiTxis problemurobas?<br />
2. raSi mdgomareobs gamosavali?<br />
3. kidev ra gza isaxeba?<br />
4. problemis aRmofxvris romeli gzaa yvelaze realuri <strong>da</strong><br />
ratom?<br />
ganxilul CarCoSi mocemul kiTxvebze msjelobisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sakuTari mosazrebebis urTierTgaziarebis procesSi<br />
moswavleebi ukeT acnobiereben problemis aRmofxvris<br />
romeli gza/saSualeba aris gansakuTrebiT <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
asabuTeben mas.<br />
SejamebasTan mWidrod aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli Canawerebis<br />
gakeTeba, romelic SeiZleba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis <strong>da</strong>valebebiT/savarjiSoebiT<br />
iyos warmodgenili. <strong>da</strong>valebebze muSaobisas<br />
moswavleebi iviTareben unar-Cvevebs, Tu rogor<br />
Camoayalibon yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia, saku-<br />
Tari mosazreba, gaakeTon komentari <strong>da</strong> sxv., rac Sejamebis<br />
arss warmoadgens.<br />
aRniSnuli meTodis efeqturobis kvlevebma <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>s-<br />
98 99
tura, rom sayuradReboa iseTi <strong>da</strong>valebebis SerCeva <strong>da</strong><br />
gamoyeneba, romlebic orientirebulia ara aTvisebuli<br />
informaciis gadmocemaze, aramed saazrovno, analitikuri<br />
tipis Canawerebis gakeTebaze.<br />
Canawerebi, erTi mxriv, xels uwyobs ukve gaazrebuli<br />
masalis gameoreba-ganmtkicebas, gansxvavebul konteqstSi<br />
gamoyenebas, meore mxriv, uzrunvelyofs kritikuli azrovnebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> argumentirebuli msjelobis unar-CvevaTa<br />
ganviTarebas. ise rogorc Sejamebis SemTxvevaSi, amjera<strong>da</strong>c<br />
<strong>efeqturi</strong>a grafikuli sqemebis gamoyeneba.<br />
ormxriv CanawerTa dRiuri<br />
citata Kkomentari<br />
am sqemaze muSaoba gamoiyeneba moswavlis kritikuli<br />
azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong> argumentirebuli msjelobis, <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />
muSaobis unarebis ganviTarebisaTvis. mocemuli<br />
sqemis pirvel grafaSi (`citata~) moswavleebs SevTavazebT<br />
Caweros citata saxelmZRvanelo<strong>da</strong>n (SesaZlebelia<br />
am mizniT sxva saxis informaciis gamoyenebac), romelTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiTac sakuTar mosazrebebs Cawers sqemis meore<br />
nawilSi (`komentari~).<br />
III.1. nimuSi 9.<br />
1. `mimaCnia, rom ferweris nimuSebi un<strong>da</strong> iyos yovelTvis<br />
sasiamovno, sasixarulo <strong>da</strong> lamazi. cxovrebaSi<br />
ise<strong>da</strong>c bevri ramaa mosawyeni <strong>da</strong> xelovnurad nuRar<br />
<strong>da</strong>vumatebT axals~ (ogiust renuari).<br />
2. `ferwera oTaxebis mosarTavi ar aris! igi Tav<strong>da</strong>cvisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmis mZlavri iaraRia!~ (pablo pikaso).<br />
3. `muzeumi srulia<strong>da</strong>c ar aris fufunebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
amaoebis saganTa usargeblo Tavmoyra-Sekreba... muzeumi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iqces udidesi mniSvnelobis kerad, sa<strong>da</strong>c aRmzrdelebi<br />
waiyvanen aRsazrdelebs, mamebi _ Svilebs, axalgazrdebi<br />
geniosTa qmnilebebis xilvisas SeigrZnoben,<br />
Tu mecnierebis an xelovnebis romel saxes irCevs<br />
maTi buneba~ (Jak lui <strong>da</strong>vidi).<br />
kornelis <strong>da</strong>fa<br />
pirveladi komentari meoradi komentari<br />
diagramis gamoyeneba <strong>efeqturi</strong>a xelovnebis nimuSis<br />
ganxilvisas.<br />
sqemis marcxena nawilSi moswavleebi akeTeben Canawers<br />
_ pirvelad (faqtobriv) komentars gansaxilvel<br />
100 101
nawarmoebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, moswavleebi afiqsireben<br />
pirvelad STabeWdilebas, yuradRebas amaxvileben<br />
masze, Tu ra aris nawarmoebSi gamosaxuli, gamoxataven<br />
sakuTar <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebasac (ra STabeWdilebas axdens<br />
maTze) <strong>da</strong> sxv., namuSevris detalurad ganxilvis Semdeg<br />
ki moswavleebi weren ukve meorad komentars. umetesad,<br />
meoradi komentari moicavs gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis<br />
gamoyenebis Taviseburebebs (koloriti, sivrcis gadmocema,<br />
Suq-Crdili, kompozicia <strong>da</strong> sxv.), amasTan, akavSireben<br />
avtoris CanafiqrTan. xelovnebis TiToeuli <strong>da</strong>rgis, Janris,<br />
stilis, epoqis/kulturis gaTvaliswinebiT meoradi<br />
komentari SeiZleba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvari iyos.<br />
kornelis <strong>da</strong>faze muSaoba xels uwyobs rogorc moswavlis<br />
codnis gamovlenas, ise kritikuli, analitikuri<br />
azrovnebis unaris gamovlenas;<br />
`vici, viswavle, min<strong>da</strong> vicode~<br />
ra vici ra viswavle ra min<strong>da</strong> vicode<br />
axali Temis <strong>da</strong>wyebisas moswavleebi akeTeben<br />
Canawerebs mocemuli sqemis pirvel grafaSi. Temis <strong>da</strong>srulebisas<br />
ki, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, Semajamebel gakveTilze, avseben<br />
meore <strong>da</strong> mesame grafebs. maswavleblisaTvis mniSvnelovania<br />
Canawerebis analizi, rac naTlad metyvelebs<br />
moswavleTa mier SeZenili codnis aTvisebis xarisxze,<br />
agreTve SemecnebiT interesebze, rac naTlad ikveTeba<br />
mesame grafaSi Sesrulebul CanawerSi.<br />
`3, 2, 1~E<br />
Cawere 3 Tema/sakiTxi, romlebiTac<br />
gansakuTrebiT <strong>da</strong>interesdi.<br />
2 Tema/sakiTxi (epoqa/kultura/<br />
stili/ xelovani/nawarmoebi), romlebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiTac gagiCn<strong>da</strong><br />
meti informaciis miRebis interesi.<br />
1 Tema/sakiTxi, romelzec imsjelebdi<br />
amxanagebTan erTad.<br />
wina nimuSis analogiurad, mocemul sqemaze muSaoba<br />
mniSvnelovania rogorc SeZenili codnis gamovlenis, sakuTari<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis gadmocemis, ise TviTSefasebis<br />
unarebis gamovlenisaTvis. mocemul sqemaze muSaoba Tematuri<br />
ciklis <strong>da</strong>skvniTi gakveTilisaTvis aris mizanSewonili.<br />
sasurvelia, moswavleebi winaswar iyvnen informirebuli,<br />
rom TiToeul grafaSi mxolod Temebisa Tu<br />
sakiTxebis CamoTvla ar aris sakmarisi. maT un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>asabu-<br />
Ton sakuTari mosazrebebi, rac xels Seuwyobs saswavlo<br />
masalaze koncentrirebis, kritikuli azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
argumentirebuli msjelobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.<br />
aZlevs moswavles SesaZleblobas konkretuli Tematuri<br />
ciklis gakveTilebze SeZenili codnis xarisxisa <strong>da</strong> mis<br />
mier gamovlenili unar-Cvevebis Sesafaseblad, imis gasacnobiereblad,<br />
Tu ra warmatebebs miaRwia, aRniSnos<br />
naklovani mxareebic.<br />
102 103
frazebs, romlebsac am sityvasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT gaixseneben.<br />
amis Semdeg azrobrivad <strong>da</strong>akavSireben am sityvebs, frazebs rogorc<br />
erTmaneTTan, ise sayrden sityvasTan <strong>da</strong> xazebiT SeaerTeben.<br />
nimuSi<br />
axvlediani,<br />
`siRnaRis<br />
gzaze~<br />
leonardo<br />
<strong>da</strong> vinCi,<br />
`jokon<strong>da</strong>~<br />
gudiaSvili,<br />
`firosmanis<br />
portreti~<br />
firosmani,<br />
`Sveli<br />
peizaJis<br />
fonze~<br />
firosmani,<br />
`Jirafi~<br />
asociaciuri ruka (e.w. `ablabu<strong>da</strong>~)<br />
levitani,<br />
`oqros<br />
Semodgoma~<br />
bunebis<br />
suraTi<br />
portreti<br />
animalisturi<br />
piter<br />
breigeli,<br />
`qorwili<br />
sofelSi~<br />
yofiTi<br />
qalaqis<br />
xedi<br />
peizaJi<br />
<strong>da</strong>zguri<br />
ferweris<br />
Janrebi<br />
Sardeni,<br />
`locva<br />
sadilis<br />
win~<br />
pisaro,<br />
`franguli<br />
operis<br />
moe<strong>da</strong>ni~<br />
13<br />
miTologiuri<br />
zRvis<br />
xedebi<br />
naturmorti<br />
istoriuli<br />
serovi,<br />
`evropas<br />
motaceba~<br />
aivazovski,<br />
`Savi zRva~<br />
kakabaZe,<br />
`imeruli<br />
naturmorti~<br />
van gogi,<br />
`mzesumzirebi~<br />
delakrua,<br />
`Tavisufleba<br />
barikadebze~<br />
gudiaSvili,<br />
`sakadrisi<br />
pasuxi~<br />
asociaciuri ruka gamoiyeneba moswavleTa yuradRebis<br />
maqsimaluri mobilizebisa <strong>da</strong> koncentraciis, azrovnebis<br />
gaaqtiurebis, SeZenili codnis gamovlena-ganmtkicebis,<br />
Sejamebis mizniT.<br />
<strong>da</strong>fis an furclis centrSi iwereba sayrdeni sityva/<br />
fraza, romelic SeiZleba aRniSnavdes konkretul termins,<br />
xelovnebis <strong>da</strong>rgs, Janrs, konkretul epoqas, mxatvrul<br />
mimarTulebas/stils, xelovanis vinaobas a.S.<br />
aRniSnuli sakvanZo sityvis irgvliv moswavleebi<br />
weren sityvebs, frazebs, romlebsac am sityvasTan/fra-<br />
zasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT gaixseneben. amis Semdeg azrobrivad<br />
akavSireben am sityvebs, frazebs rogorc erTmaneTTan, ise<br />
sayrden sityvasTan <strong>da</strong> gamosaxaven xazebiT.<br />
am meTodis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia rogorc individualuri,<br />
ise wyvilSi <strong>da</strong> jgufuri muSaobisas.<br />
saorganizacio sqema/drois cxrili<br />
sqemaze muSaoba gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens<br />
sabazo skolaSi im Tematuri ciklebis gakveTilebze,<br />
romlebic eZRvneba msoflio xelovnebis istoriis<br />
calkeuli etapebis, mxatvruli mimarTulebis/stilis<br />
104 105
Seswavlas <strong>da</strong> exmareba moswavleebs qronologiis <strong>da</strong>dgenasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>naxvaSi. sqemaze muSaoba moiTxovs moswavlis<br />
fokusirebas im mTliani movlenis qronologiuri sura-<br />
Tis aRdgenasa <strong>da</strong> Tanmimdevrul <strong>da</strong>fiqsirebaze, romelsac<br />
iTvaliswinebs <strong>da</strong>valebis piroba. ase magaliTad, Zveli<br />
egviptis xelovneba, Sua saukuneebis arqiteqtura, renesansi,<br />
XX saukunis umniSvnelovanesi stilebi/mimdinareobebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxv. sasurvelia, sqemaze muSaoba ar Semoifarglos<br />
mxolod qronologiis principiT <strong>da</strong> SeZenili<br />
codnis safuZvelze moswavleebma <strong>da</strong>afiqsiron mokle informacia<br />
mniSvnelovan faqtebze, movlenebze <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
movlenaTa jaWvi<br />
aRniSnul sqemaze muSaoba iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa<br />
mier garkveuli movlenebis/faqtebis urTierTkavSiris<br />
gamovlenas. xels uwyobs codnis transferis, mizez-<br />
Sedegobrivi kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>naxvis, analitikuri, argumentirebuli<br />
azrovnebis ganviTarebas, Sefasebisa <strong>da</strong> TviT-<br />
Sefasebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.<br />
ukuqceviTi <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodi<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> grafikuli sqemebisa, sayuradReboa aranakleb<br />
<strong>efeqturi</strong> sxva meTodebis ganxilvac, romlebic SeiZleba<br />
gakveTilis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva etapze ganxorcieldes imis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
Tu ra saswavlo miznebia <strong>da</strong>saxuli konkretuli<br />
gakveTilis winaSe maswavleblis mier. erT-erTi<br />
aseTi meTodia ukuqceviTi <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodi, romelic<br />
sxvebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT safuZvlianad aris gamokvleuli.<br />
gansakuTrebiT <strong>efeqturi</strong>a am meTodis gamoyeneba teqstze<br />
muSaobisas, axali masalis axsnis procesSi. es meTodi<br />
xels uwyobs teqstis safuZvlianad gagebas <strong>da</strong> moicavs<br />
analitikur aqtivobebs: mocemuli informaciis Sejameba,<br />
axsna, kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma <strong>da</strong> sxv. am tipis <strong>da</strong>valebisaTvis<br />
SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli<br />
an Tun<strong>da</strong>c, alternatiuli wyaroebi<strong>da</strong>n moZiebuli<br />
teqsti.<br />
ukuqceviTi <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodis gamoyenebis ZiriTadi<br />
etapebia:<br />
• moswavleebi muSaoben jgufurad _ ecnobin axali<br />
sagakveTilo masalis teqsts. Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad isini<br />
Cumad kiTxuloben teqstis maTTvis gansazRvrul segments.<br />
maTgan gansxvavebiT, moswavle, romelsac lideris<br />
funqcia akisria, cdilobs teqstis Sejamebas <strong>da</strong> Sedegs<br />
acnobs Tanajgufelebs. moswavleebs saWiroebisamebr,<br />
SeaqvT garkveuli <strong>da</strong>matebebi an raime saxis cvlilebebi.<br />
magaliTad, yuradRebas amaxvileben teqstSi mocemul<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovan informaciaze, wina<strong>da</strong>debaze, frazaze,<br />
rac maT teqstis konkretuli monakveTis SejamebaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>exmareba;<br />
• moswavleebi, im mosazrebiT, Tu ramdenad gasagebad<br />
axsnes maT axali informacia, svamen kiTxvebs, romlebze<br />
pasuxis gacemac nebismieri jgufis wevrs SeuZlia.<br />
106 107
kiTxva-pasuxis procesi exmareba moswavleebs yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovani informaciis identificirebaSi.<br />
• TiToeuli jgufi acnobs Tanaklaselebs teqstis<br />
gaurkvevel nawilebs, romelTac Semdeg individualurad<br />
an erToblivad azusteben (uxsnian erTmaneTs).<br />
• aqtivobis <strong>da</strong>sasruls xdeba sruli informaciis<br />
Sejameba <strong>da</strong> saTanado <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gakeTeba.<br />
Sereuli teqsti<br />
aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyeneba <strong>efeqturi</strong>a SeZenili<br />
codnis ganmtkicebis, konkretuli Temis/sakiTxis Sejamebis<br />
mizniT.<br />
e.w. `Sereuli teqstis~ meTodi gulisxmobs moswavleebisaTvis<br />
Sereuli informaciis miwodebas ori<br />
(SesaZlebelia, metic) Janris, mxatvruli mimdinareobis,<br />
epoqis, xelovanis cxovrebisa <strong>da</strong> Semoqmedebis<br />
Sesaxeb. teqstis momzadebisas maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs,<br />
rom ar gamoiyenos sakvanZo sityvebi/frazebi<br />
(magaliTad, xelovanis vinaoba, konkretuli epoqa, mxatvruli<br />
mimarTuleba <strong>da</strong> sxv.), rac Seadgens aRniSnuli<br />
meTodis arss.<br />
moswavleebma un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvron <strong>da</strong> gaakeTon teqst-<br />
Si saTanado aRniSvnebi, Tu teqstis romeli monakveTi<br />
romel mxatvrul mimdinareobasTan, JanrTan, xelovanTan<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S. aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli.<br />
Sereuli teqstis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia rogorc<br />
individualuri, ise wyvilSi, gansakuTrebiT <strong>efeqturi</strong> ki<br />
_ jgufuri muSaobisas.<br />
III.1. nimuSi 10.<br />
elene axvlediani _ firosmani<br />
SesaniSnavi qarTveli fermweri peizaJis didostatad<br />
aris aRiarebuli. igi TviTnaswavli mxatvari iyo.<br />
hqon<strong>da</strong> Zneli <strong>da</strong> mZime cxovreba. duqnebis, sar<strong>da</strong>febis<br />
kedlebze xatav<strong>da</strong> peizaJebs, naturmortebs, portretebs,<br />
dResaswaulebs. gansakuTrebiT uyvar<strong>da</strong> mxatvars Zveli<br />
Tbilisis ubnebis, Tbilisuri aWrelebuli aivnebis,<br />
agreTve mSobliuri kaxeTis xedebis xatva.<br />
misi saukeTeso namuSevrebia: `<strong>da</strong>Tvi mTvarian Rame-<br />
Si~, `zamTari kaxeTSi~, `saxli kldeze~, `wiTelperanga<br />
mebaduri~, `siRnaRis gzaze~, `gogona wiTeli sahaero<br />
burTiT~, `Sveli~, `Jirafi~, `zamTari~. `metexi~ <strong>da</strong><br />
mravali sxv.<br />
xelovnebis nimuSis etapobrivi analizis meTodi<br />
xelovnebis maswavleblisaTvis gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa,<br />
Tu ra formiT un<strong>da</strong> warmarTos klasSi xelovnebis<br />
nimuSis analizi. am mxriv mniSvnelovania xelovnebis<br />
nimuSis etapobrivi analizis meTodis gamoyeneba.<br />
cxadia, maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs <strong>swavlebis</strong> safexurs,<br />
moswavleTa momzadebis dones, konkretuli nawarmoebis<br />
mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT Taviseburebebs.<br />
xelovnebis nimuSis analizis etapebi<br />
1. momzadeba: es etapi gulisxmobs maswavleblis mier<br />
Sesabamisi atmosferos Seqmnas, bavSvebis Semzadebas imisaTvis,<br />
rom Zalian mniSvnelovania maTi azri namuSevarze,<br />
romelsac gaecnobian. saWiroa moswavleebma gaacnobieron,<br />
108 109
om, ramdeni a<strong>da</strong>mianic arsebobs, SeiZleba imdeni mosazreba<br />
gaCndes <strong>da</strong> yvela maTgani Taviseburad sayuradRebo<br />
<strong>da</strong> mniSvnelovania. am etapze umjobesia maswavlebelma<br />
ar miawodos zedmeti informacia namuSevris Sesaxeb,<br />
raTa ar moaxdinos gavlena moswavleTa pirvel STabeWdilebaze<br />
<strong>da</strong> ar SeuSalos maT xeli azris gamoTqmaSi.<br />
namuSevris gacnoba aRmoCenis procesi un<strong>da</strong> iyos;<br />
2. pirveli STabeWdilebis gamoxatva: am etapze moswavleebma<br />
spontanurad un<strong>da</strong> gamoTqvan/Caiweron pirveli<br />
STabeWdilebebi. Canawerebi SeiZleba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mizniT<br />
iqnes gamoyenebuli <strong>da</strong>skvniT etapze: moswavlem TvalnaTliv<br />
<strong>da</strong>inaxos, Tu rogor `gaizar<strong>da</strong>~ analizis procesSi,<br />
agreTve miRebuli codnisa <strong>da</strong> gamocdilebis<br />
safuZvelze scados pirveli STabeWdilebis axsna;<br />
3. aRwera: am etapze un<strong>da</strong> moxdes sagnebis, gamosaxulebebis<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S. <strong>da</strong>saxeleba <strong>da</strong> ar aris mniSvnelovani moswavleTa<br />
yuradRebis fokusireba namuSevarSi gamoyenebul<br />
mxatvrul xerxebze, Sesabamisad, mocemuli etapisaTvis<br />
sakmarisia ganisazRvros minimaluri dro;<br />
4. analizi: am etapze moswavle cdilobs gaaanalizos,<br />
Tu rogor aRwevs mxatvari konkretul efeqts. SesaZlebelia,<br />
moswavleebi <strong>da</strong>ubrundnen pirvel STabeWdilebebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> gaaanalizon, Tu ra xerxebis gamoyenebam gansazRvra<br />
maTi Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveli reaqcia. Sesabamisad, mocemul etapze<br />
mizanSewonilia Semdegi tipis kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma:<br />
• ram miipyro Tqveni yuradReba namuSevarSi?<br />
• xom ar xe<strong>da</strong>vT raime kavSirs im sagnebs Soris, romelic<br />
CamoTvaleT nawarmoebis aRweris etapze?<br />
• ra maxasiaTeblebs xe<strong>da</strong>vT namuSevarSi (xazis gamomsaxvelobiToba,<br />
koloriti, kompozicia <strong>da</strong> a.S.)?<br />
am etapze moswavleebi cdiloben amoicnon, ra mxatvruli<br />
xerxebi gamoiyena mxatvarma <strong>da</strong> ar amaxvileben<br />
yuradRebas personalur interpretaciaze.<br />
5. interpretaciis etapi: am etapze mniSvnelovania moswavleebma<br />
gamoavlinon interpretaciis unari. Sesabamisad,<br />
mizanSewonilia Semdegi tipis kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma:<br />
• rogor fiqrobT, ra Canafiqri hqon<strong>da</strong> avtors?<br />
• ra aris am namuSevris Tema?<br />
• ras gamoxatavs es namuSevari? <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
6. informaciis Segrovebis etapi: am etapze maswavlebelma<br />
xeli un<strong>da</strong> Seuwyos moswavleTa <strong>da</strong>interesebas,<br />
rom maT moiZion rac SeiZleba meti informacia konkretul<br />
namuSevarTan/mxatvris SemoqmedebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT,<br />
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi TviTonac miawodos mkafio,<br />
moswavleTaTvis saintereso informacia. mocemul etapze<br />
SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma moswavleebs kvleviTi proeqtis<br />
ganxorcielebac ki SesTavazos;<br />
7. informaciaze (codnaze) <strong>da</strong>yrdnobili Sefaseba: es aris<br />
refleqsuri aqtivoba. moswavleebi ubrundebian pirvel<br />
STabeWdilebebs. maswavlebeli svams Semdegi tipis kiTxvebs:<br />
• Seicvala Tu ara Tqveni azri/emocia namuSevarze<br />
pirveli STabeWdilebis Semdeg?<br />
• Tu Seicvala, _ rogor?<br />
• scadeT Tqveni pirveli STabeWdilebis axsna.<br />
• xom ar gagonebT es namuSevari am an sxva avtoris<br />
namuSevars, romelic adre ginaxavT?<br />
• ra SeiZleba gamoiyenoT praqtikul saqmianobaSi<br />
mocemuli nimuSis ganxilvis Semdeg?<br />
ise rogorc sxva meTodebs, xelovnebis nimuSis etapobrivi<br />
ganxilvis meTodsac maswavlebeli SemoqmedebiTad,<br />
amasTan, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT gamoiyenebs<br />
(asakobrivi Taviseburebebi, moswavleTa SesaZleblobebi,<br />
interesebi, sabazo codna <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
110 111
Tavi IV. xelovnebis gakveTilis<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmva, marTva <strong>da</strong> evaluacia<br />
IV.1. xelovnebis gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>gegmvis<br />
zogadi principebi<br />
motivacia. saswavlo masalis wardgenis fazebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens motivaciis Seqmna<br />
konkretuli saswavlo masalisadmi, rac aucileblad<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>gegmvis procesSi.<br />
maswavlebeli mkafiod gansazRvravs gakveTilis<br />
saswavlo miznebsa <strong>da</strong> amocanebs, iTvaliswinebs misaRwev<br />
Sedegebs, irCevs saTanado aqtivobebs, romlebic <strong>da</strong>exmareba<br />
mas sagnobrivi stan<strong>da</strong>rtiT gaTvaliswinebuli orientirebis<br />
realizebaSi; gansazRvravs TiToeuli aqtivobisaTvis<br />
saWiro dros, miznobrivad irCevs <strong>da</strong> amzadebs<br />
gakveTilisaTvis saWiro resurss.<br />
motivaciis Seqmnis mizniT mniSvnelovania gakveTilis<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyeba saklaso msjelobiT, STabeWdilebebis gaziarebiT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirvebiT, eqsperimentis CatarebiT <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
mniSvnelovan pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili am mizniT<br />
gonebrivi ieriSis meTodis gamoyeneba, saswavlo masalis<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSireba rogorc moswavleTa cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan,<br />
ise wina klasebSi, agreTve, sxva sagnebSi<br />
SeZenil codnasTan.<br />
msjelobis procesSi moswavleebi mravalmxriv ganixilaven<br />
konkretuli Temas, gamoxataven sakuTar<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas, gamoTqvamen varauds, mohyavT saTanado<br />
argumentebi. mocemul etapze ikveTeba gakveTilis Tema,<br />
konkretuli sakiTxi.<br />
motivacia aris Sinagani procesi, romelic moswavles<br />
garkveuli qmedebebisken ubiZgebs <strong>da</strong> romelTac saTanado<br />
miznis misaRwevad mimarTavs. saswavlo procesSi motivaciis<br />
Seqmna mniSvnelovania, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c ganapirobebs<br />
moswavlis SesaZleblobebisa <strong>da</strong> unarebis realizebas,<br />
Sesabamisad, maRali akademiuri moswrebis miRwevisa <strong>da</strong><br />
umniSvnelovanesi kompetenciebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
fsiqologebi ganarCeven ori tipis motivacias _<br />
e.w. garegansa <strong>da</strong> Sinagans. garegani motivaciisaTvis<br />
mniSvnelovania garegani faqtorebi (Seqeba, waxaliseba,<br />
jildo <strong>da</strong> sxv.). Sinagani motivaciis aRsaZvrelad mniSvnelovania<br />
moswavleTa cnobismoyvareobis, Sinagani interesis<br />
gaRviZeba, rac maT azrovnebisken, fiqrisa <strong>da</strong> aRmoCenisaken<br />
ubiZgebs. aRniSnuli aisaxeba maT qmedebebze<br />
<strong>da</strong> moswavleebi aRweven <strong>da</strong>saxul miznebs.<br />
Sinagani motivaciis amaRlebisaTvis xelovnebis<br />
gakveTilze sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva strategiis gamoyenebaa SesaZlebeli.<br />
magaliTad:<br />
• <strong>da</strong>wyebiT klasebSi TamaSis tipis, moswavleTaTvis<br />
saxaliso aqtivobebis SeTavazeba;<br />
• alternatiuli <strong>da</strong>valebebis micema. am SemTxvevaSi<br />
moswavleebs SeuZliaT airCion <strong>da</strong>valeba maTi interesebis<br />
mixedviT; magaliTad, pompei);<br />
• <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli msjelobisa <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis<br />
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba;<br />
• axali Temis/sakiTxis moswavleTa cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan,<br />
maT interesebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSireba;<br />
• saxelmZRvaneloze muSaobis aqtiuri, mravalferovani<br />
formebis gamoyeneba;<br />
• cdebis, <strong>da</strong>kvirvebebis aqtiurad gamoyeneba (swavla<br />
keTebiT);<br />
• moswavleTa CarTva sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis saganmanaTleb-<br />
112 113
lo resursis miznobrivad SerCevasa <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebaSi. magaliTad,<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wyaro<strong>da</strong>n (albomi<strong>da</strong>n, enciklopedii<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
Jurnal-gazeTebi<strong>da</strong>n, interneti<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> a.S.) mravalmxrivi<br />
informaciis moZieba, romelic SeiZleba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mizniT<br />
iqnes gamoyenebuli ara mxolod konkretuli Temis Seswavlisas,<br />
aramed mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi eseebze, proeqtebze<br />
muSaobisas, saklaso diskusiebis warmarTvisas<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
• ZiriTad resurss Seadgens reproduqciebi, fotomasala,<br />
saswavlo plakatebi, agreTve, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis sqema,<br />
cxrili, diagrama, samuSao baraTi saTanado informaciiTa<br />
Tu instruqciiT <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
• sayuradReboa moswavleTa mier maTTvis saintereso<br />
kiTxvebis, mosazrebebis, ideebis (eseebis, diskusiebis,<br />
proeqtebisTvis, Tun<strong>da</strong>c, saklaso/saskolo gamofenebis,<br />
speqtaklebis, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Sinaarsis aqciebis organizebisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxv.) Canawerebis Tavmoyra <strong>da</strong> miznobrivad<br />
gamoyeneba. Mamgvarad, moswavleTa mier moZiebuli/Seqmnili<br />
resursi SeiZleba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxiT iyos Tavmoyrili:<br />
1. calkeul xelovanTa cxovrebisa <strong>da</strong> Semoqmedebis<br />
amsaxvel portfolioebSi;<br />
2. konkretul mxatvrul mimdinareobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />
(mag., `impresionizmi~);<br />
3. romelime epoqasTan (mag., `aRorZineba~) an kulturasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT (mag., `Zveli egviptis xelovneba~)<br />
4. portfolioSi _ `Cveni mosazrebebi, ideebi~ <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
• motivaciis asamaRleblad, sasurvelia, TiToeulma<br />
moswavlem Seqmnas sakuTari portfolio, romelSic Seva<br />
mis mier Sesrulebuli weriTi namuSevrebi, <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
moZiebuli/Seqmnili resursi <strong>da</strong>, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, praq-<br />
tikuli namuSevrebi.<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia garegani motivaciis mizniT<br />
gamo yenebuli <strong>strategiebi</strong>c. magaliTad:<br />
• moswavlis mier miRweuli kargi an gaumjobesebuli<br />
SedegebisaTvis garkveuli saxis jildos an `saCuqris~<br />
gamoyeneba. am mizniT SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes<br />
maRali qula, Semajamebeli testi<strong>da</strong>n gaTavisufleba <strong>da</strong><br />
sxv.;<br />
• werilobiTi an sityvieri Seqeba,rodesac yuradReba<br />
maxvildeba moswavlis miRwevebze.<br />
• SemoqmedebiTi konkursebis, gamofenebis, aqciebis,<br />
diskusiebis organizeba <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
amgvarad, maswavlebeli sistematurad un<strong>da</strong> iTvaliswinebdes<br />
moswavleTa motivaciis amaRlebis aucileblobas<br />
<strong>da</strong> mizanmimarTulad <strong>da</strong> Tanmimdevrulad gegmavdes<br />
<strong>da</strong> axorcielebdes. motvaciis amaRlebis mizniT<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvari strategiis gamoyenebaa SesaZlebeli,<br />
Tumca gasaTvaliswinebelia asakobrivi jgufis Taviseburebebi,<br />
konkretuli moswavlis individualuri monacemebi,<br />
SesaZleblobebi, interesebi <strong>da</strong> sxv. motivaciis<br />
formebis (Sinagani, garegani), <strong>strategiebi</strong>s varireba sasurveli<br />
Sedegis miRwevis umniSvnelovanesi pirobaa.<br />
sakiTxis <strong>da</strong>sma, amocanis gansazRvra. gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>sawyis-<br />
Sive saswavlo masali<strong>da</strong>n (ZiriTadi Temi<strong>da</strong>n/sakiTxi<strong>da</strong>n)<br />
gamomdinare, maswavlebeli naTlad, mkafiod ayalibebs <strong>da</strong><br />
moswavleebs acnobs gakveTilis ZiriTad mizans, <strong>da</strong>saxavs<br />
konkretul amocanas. Aam mxriv mniSvnelovania mizanmimarTuli<br />
kiTxvebis, Sesabamisi, amasTan, mravalmxrivi<br />
sailustracio nimuSebis an sxva saxis resursis gamoyeneba.<br />
114 115
ZiriTadi saswavlo masala. ZiriTadi saswavlo masalis<br />
gacnoba-Seswavla SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxiT (masalis Sinaarsis, specifikis, moculobis,<br />
agreTve <strong>swavlebis</strong> konkretuli safexuris gaTvaliswinebiT).<br />
maswavlebeli winaswar gansazRvravs, Tu<br />
saxelmZRvaneloze muSaobis romel formas gamoiyenebs<br />
konkretul gakveTilze. ganvixiloT zogierTi maTgani:<br />
• sagakveTilo masalis kiTxvisas, moswavleebi teqstis<br />
TiToeuli monakveTis Sesabamisad akeTeben Semdegi<br />
saxis aRniSvnebs:<br />
+ (informacia nacnobia)<br />
- (informacia ucnobia)<br />
? (informaciis gacnobis Sedegad gaCn<strong>da</strong> kiTxvebi,<br />
romelTac moswavleebi calke iniSnaven, Semdeg ki svamen<br />
klasSi).<br />
• TiToeuli jgufi yuradRebiT ecnoba saswavlo teqsti<strong>da</strong>n<br />
maTTvis gankuTvnil monakveTs, Sesabamis sailustracio<br />
masalas, ris safuZvelzec jgufis wevrebi Seecdebian<br />
auxsnan Tanaklaselebs maT mier ganxiluli<br />
monakveTis Sinaarsi (urTierT<strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodi);<br />
• jgufis wevrebi erToblivad ecnobian mTlian<br />
sagakveTilo masalas <strong>da</strong> aseve erToblivad pasuxoben<br />
interaqtivis SekiTxvebs, muSaobis <strong>da</strong>srulebisas ki acnoben<br />
Tanaklaselebs maT mosazrebebs. SesaZlebelia,<br />
msje lobis procesSi gaCndes gansxvavebuli azri, versia.<br />
• sagakveTilo masalis gacnobis Semdeg jgufi amzadebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tanaklaselebs usvams kiTxvebs saxelmZRvanelo-<br />
Si mocemuli konkretuli informaciis, Tun<strong>da</strong>c, sailustracio<br />
nimuSebis irgvliv. SesaZlebelia, TiToeuli<br />
jgufis wevrebma kiTxvebi <strong>da</strong>afiqsiron baraTebze, ga<strong>da</strong>scen<br />
sxva jgufis moswavleebs <strong>da</strong> mxolod amis Semdeg<br />
upasuxon erTmaneTis SekiTxvebs.<br />
• sagakveTilo masalis gacnobis Semdeg jgufis<br />
wevrebs SeuZliaT gaakeTon, maTi azriT, gansakuTrebiT<br />
saintereso informaciasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli Canawerebi<br />
(magaliTad, mniSvnelovani TariRebi, movlenebi, faqtebi,<br />
Tun<strong>da</strong>c, terminebis ganmartebebi <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
sawyis etapze Sesasrulebeli savarjiSoebi SeiZleba sakmaod<br />
mravalferovani iyos, moicavdes rogorc praqtikul,<br />
ise SemecnebiT saqmianobas. kerZod:<br />
• gansxvavebuli epoqis / stilis / <strong>da</strong>rgis / Janris /<br />
xelovanis namuSevrebis amocnoba, Se<strong>da</strong>reba;<br />
• konkretuli nimuSis ganxilva Sesabamis istoriul,<br />
religiur, kulturul konteqstSi;<br />
• pasuxi rTul, `saazrovno~ kiTxvaze, sakuTari poziciis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabuTeba;<br />
• konkretuli Temis sxva sagnebSi SeZenil codnasTan,<br />
cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSireba;<br />
• praqtikuli samuSaos Sesruleba, romelze muSaobac<br />
drois mcire monakveTisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
<strong>da</strong>magvirgvinebel etapze Sesasrulebeli samuSaosaTvis<br />
gansazRvruli savarjiSoebis mizania, xeli Seuwyos moswavleTa<br />
mier SeZenili codnis ganmtkicebasa <strong>da</strong> gaaqtiurebas.<br />
muSaobis formebis SerCevas, cxadia, gansaz-<br />
Rvravs gakveTilis Temis, konkretuli saswavlo masalis<br />
specifika. am mizniT SegviZlia gamoviyenoT diskusia,<br />
muSaoba proeqtze, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Sinaarsis SemoqmedebiTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebebi <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli samuSao, rogorc saswavlo masalis<br />
wardgenis bolo etapi, sakmaod mniSvnelovania. swored<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli muSaobis Sedegi warmoaCens TvalnaTliv,<br />
116 117
Tu ramdenad gaacnobiera moswavlem axali saswavlo<br />
masala, ris safuZvelzec igi avlens <strong>da</strong>kvirvebulobis,<br />
kritikuli, analitikuri azrovnebis, argumentirebuli<br />
msjelobisa <strong>da</strong> sxva unarebs. am etapze SesaZlebelia<br />
moswavleTaTvis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis sqemebsa <strong>da</strong> diagramaze<br />
muSaobis SeTavazeba, rogoricaa `asociaciuri ruka~<br />
(`ablabu<strong>da</strong>~), `kornelis <strong>da</strong>fa~, `vici, viswavle, min<strong>da</strong> vicode~,<br />
`venis diagrama~, `T-diagrama~, `ormxriv CanawerTa<br />
dRiuri~, `3, 2, 1~ <strong>da</strong> sxv. Amocemul etapze mizanSewonilia<br />
agreTve muSaoba diagnostikur masalaze (testi,<br />
krosvordi), agreTve weriT namuSevrebze (ese, moxseneba,<br />
referati <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
ganxiluli <strong>da</strong> sxva tipis sqemebsa <strong>da</strong> diagramebze<br />
muSaoba moswavleebs gauadvilebs Sesaswavli Temis<br />
gaazrebasa <strong>da</strong> aRqmas, ganuviTarebs <strong>da</strong>kvirvebulobis,<br />
kritikuli azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong> argumentirebuli msjelobis,<br />
agreTve <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli muSaobis, Sefasebisa <strong>da</strong> TviTSefasebis<br />
unar-Cvevebs.<br />
IV.2. xelovnebis gakveTilis<br />
konstruirebis Taviseburebebi<br />
saswavlo gegmis Sedgenisas sayuradReboa mTeli rigi<br />
mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis gaTvaliswineba, raTa gakveTili<br />
efeqturad warimarTos <strong>da</strong> miRweul iqnes konkretuli<br />
Sedegebi. gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>gegmvisas, pirvel rigSi,<br />
mniSvnelovania saswavlo miznebis gansazRvra. gakveTilis<br />
saswavlo miznebi saswavlo gegmaSi mocemuli misaRwevi<br />
Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT ganisazRvreba. swored saswavlo<br />
miznebSi aisaxeba, Tu ra codna <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> SeiZinon moswavleebma.<br />
saswavlo miznebi ar asaxavs process, is gansazRvravs<br />
mosalodnel Sedegebs. amitomac maswavleblis amocanas<br />
Seadgens iseTi miznebis <strong>da</strong>saxva, romelTa miRwevac realura<strong>da</strong>a<br />
SesaZlebeli konkretuli sagakveTilo drois<br />
farglebSi.<br />
sagnobrivi programiT gansazRvruli indikatorebi<br />
imdenad gansxvavebulia tradiciuli <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
moTxovnebisagan, rom Cndeba gakveTilis axleburad gaazrebis<br />
aucilebloba. Tu uwin mniSvnelovani iyo faqtebis,<br />
movlenebis codna-<strong>da</strong>saxeleba, maTi aRwera, teqstis<br />
ZiriTadi informaciis gadmocema <strong>da</strong> a.S., amjerad aRniSnulTan<br />
erTad gasaTvaliswinebelia movlenis mizezis<br />
axsna, mizezebsa <strong>da</strong> Sedegebs Soris kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>dgena,<br />
hipoTezebis (gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis/versiebis)<br />
wamoyeneba, <strong>da</strong>sabuTeba, <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gakeTeba; problemis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wris alternatiuli gzebis Zieba, SemoqmedebiTi<br />
produqtis Seqmna xSir SemTxvevaSi ara konkretuli<br />
nimuSis safuZvelze, aramed sakuTari mosazrebisamebr<br />
(Tema, masala, teqnika, gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.);<br />
118 119
muSaoba proeqtebze, monawileobis miReba diskusiebSi,<br />
saklaso konferenciebSi, gamofenebis, aqciebis <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
organizebaSi.<br />
gakveTilis saswavlo miznebi gamoxatavs imas, rac<br />
swavlis procesSi un<strong>da</strong> iqnes miRweuli, anu ra codna <strong>da</strong><br />
unar-Cvevebi un<strong>da</strong> SeiZinon moswavleebma (icodnen, gaigon,<br />
aRweron, Sea<strong>da</strong>ron, Seqmnan, gaaanalizon, Seafason). miznebi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> ukavSirdebodes saswavlo gegmis Sedegebs, rac qmnis<br />
safuZvels moswavleebis progresis Semowmebis, aseve<br />
maswavleblebis TviTSefasebisaTvis, Sesabamisad, gansaz-<br />
Rvravs mosalodnel saswavlo Sedegebs.<br />
gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>gegmvisas aucilebelia winapirobebis<br />
gaTvaliswineba, anu ra codna <strong>da</strong> unarebi aris aucilebeli<br />
axali masalis `<strong>da</strong>saSeneblad~, imisaTvis, rom gakveTili<br />
iyos warmatebuli.<br />
gakveTilis saswavlo miznebis Sesabamisad xdeba aqtivobebis<br />
gansazRvra, romelTa saSualebiTac maswavlebelma<br />
un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyos sagnobrivi stan<strong>da</strong>rtiT gansaz-<br />
Rvruli orientirebis realizeba. amisaTvis man mkafiod<br />
un<strong>da</strong> Camoayalibos TiToeuli aqtivobis mizani, gansaz-<br />
Rvros saWiro dro, resursi, savaraudo Sedegi. amasTan,<br />
TiToeuli aqtivoba un<strong>da</strong> miesa<strong>da</strong>gebodes saswavlo masalis<br />
specifikas, moswavleTa asakobriv <strong>da</strong> individualur<br />
Taviseburebebs.<br />
saswavlo gegmaze muSaobisas maswavleblisaTvis<br />
mniSvnelovania moswavleTa organizebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formis<br />
gamoyeneba _ individualuri, wyvilSi, jgufuri Tu<br />
saerTo saklaso. gasaTvaliswinebelia gakveTilze moswavleTa<br />
saWiro resursiT uzrunvelyofa, rac <strong>da</strong>exmareba<br />
maswavlebels saswavlo procesis efeqturad warmarTva-<br />
Si. resursi SeiZleba mravalferovani, amasTan, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
tipis iyos (saxelmZRvanelo, samuSao rveuli, vizualuri<br />
masala, statia, samuSao furclebi, praqtikuli saqmianobisaTvis<br />
aucilebeli mravalmxrivi masala, saswavlo<br />
filmi, interneti <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>srulebisas, miRweuli Sedegebis gamosavlenad<br />
<strong>efeqturi</strong>a Semajamebeli tipis aqtivobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmva, rac xels Seuwyobs moswavleTa mier SeZenili<br />
codnisa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis gamovlenas. ase magaliTad, moswavleTa<br />
namuSevrebis ganxilva, jgufuri muSaobis Sejameba-Sefaseba,<br />
diagnostikur masalaze muSaoba (testi,<br />
krosvordi, ese <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
120 121
IV.3. integrirebuli gakveTili<br />
realuri samyaros sagnebsa <strong>da</strong> movlenebs Soris arsebul<br />
bunebriv kavSirs ar iTvaliswineb<strong>da</strong> tradiciul<br />
saswavlo procesSi <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebuli <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli,<br />
gancalkevebuli disciplinebis swavleba (disciplinaruli<br />
diferenciacia). erovnuli saswavlo gegmis prioritetebis<br />
Sesabamisad, saTanado aqtualoba SeiZina<br />
moswavleebSi samyaros erTiani xedvis, humanisturi msoflmxedvelobisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> dialeqtikuri azrovnebis formirebam.<br />
skolaSi miRebuli gamocdileba, codna <strong>da</strong> unar-<br />
Cvevebi moswavles un<strong>da</strong> aZlevdes samyaros mTlianoba-<br />
Si aRqmis SesaZleblobas, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c a<strong>da</strong>miani samyaros<br />
mravali sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kuTxiT Seimecnebs, Tumca es samyaro,<br />
romelSic a<strong>da</strong>miani cxovrobs <strong>da</strong> moRvaweobs,<br />
erTiania <strong>da</strong> ara <strong>da</strong>nawilebuli sagnebad, sferoebad. Sesabamisad,<br />
saswavlo disciplinebi, romlebic skolaSi<br />
iswavleba, un<strong>da</strong> iTvaliswinebdes erTmaneTTan mWidro<br />
kavSirs. unar-Cvevebi <strong>da</strong> sabazo codna, romelsac moswavle<br />
skolaSi iZens, un<strong>da</strong> iyos imdenad farTo profilis,<br />
rom <strong>da</strong>exmaros mas warmatebis miRwevaSi ara<br />
erT romelime, aramed nebismier sferoSi moRvaweobisas.<br />
movlenebis ganxilva, Sefaseba un<strong>da</strong> moxdes mravali<br />
kuTxiT. magaliTad, ferweris nimuSi moswavlem<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gaiazros mravalmxriv (istoriul, religiur,<br />
kulturul, socialur) konteqstSi. saswavlo masalis<br />
mravali kuTxiT ganxilva-Sefaseba, paralelebis<br />
gavleba, garkveuli <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gakeTeba xels Seuwyobs<br />
moswavleebSi ara mxolod samyaros erTiani xedvis<br />
unaris formirebas, aramed uzrunvelyofs Semecnebi-<br />
Ti interesebis aRZvras, kritikuli, analitikuri az-<br />
rovnebis Camoyalibebas, codnis transferis unarebis<br />
ganviTarebas, rac aucilebelia stereotipebis <strong>da</strong>-<br />
ZlevisTvis.<br />
zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi gamoyofilia prioritetuli<br />
kompetenciebi, romelTa flobasac arsebiTi<br />
mniSvneloba eniWeba axalgazrdebisaTvis Tanamedrove<br />
sazogadoebaSi TviTrealizaciisa <strong>da</strong> saTanado adgilis<br />
<strong>da</strong>mkvidrebisaTvis. sagnebis swavleba, specifikuri kompetenciebis<br />
ganviTarebasTan erTad, xels un<strong>da</strong> uwyobdes<br />
am prioritetuli gamWoli kompetenciebis ganviTarebas<br />
moswavleebSi, romelTa <strong>da</strong>sauflebla<strong>da</strong>c mniSvnelovani<br />
xdeba saswavlo procesSi saganTSorisi kavSirebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>myareba. maswavlebelma xeli un<strong>da</strong> Seuwyos moswavles,<br />
rom erT romelime saganSi SeZenili codna <strong>da</strong> gamocdileba<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Sinaarsobriv konteqstSi ga<strong>da</strong>itanos<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenos.<br />
integrirebuli gakveTili gulisxmobs sagakveTilo<br />
procesSi sul mcire ori sagnis monawileobas (saerTo<br />
gamWoli Tematikis qveS gaerTianebulia ramdenime sagani)<br />
ise, rom maTi Serwyma saSualebas iZleodes aqtivobebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmvisa <strong>da</strong> CatarebisaTvis erTi <strong>da</strong> imave<br />
Temis irgvliv. integrirebuli gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>gegmvisas<br />
arsebiT mniSvnelobas iZens erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT<br />
xelmZRvaneloba, romelSic <strong>swavlebis</strong> safexurebis mixedviT<br />
aris mocemuli informacia im Sedegebsa <strong>da</strong> indikatorebze,<br />
romlebzec un<strong>da</strong> gadiodes TiToeuli aqtivoba.<br />
sityva `integracia~ gulisxmobs calkeuli nawilebis<br />
gaerTianebas erT mTlianobaSi. Sesabamisad, integrirebul<br />
gakveTilze saerTo gamWoli Tematikis qveS gaerTianebulia<br />
ramdenime sagani. ase magaliTad:<br />
• xelovneba <strong>da</strong> mSobliuri ena;<br />
122 123
• xelovneba <strong>da</strong> musika;<br />
• xelovneba <strong>da</strong> istoria;<br />
• xelovneba <strong>da</strong> bunebismcodneoba;<br />
• xelovneba, istoria <strong>da</strong> literatura;<br />
• xelovneba, musika <strong>da</strong> literatura <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
integrirebuli gakveTilis pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri efeqti mravalmxrivaa<br />
sayuradRebo (konkretuli Temis/sakiTxis<br />
mravalmxrivi ganxilva, Sefaseba, <strong>da</strong>kavSireba cxovrebiseul<br />
gamocdilebasTan, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saganSi SeZenili codnis<br />
gaaqtiureba <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebul konteqstSi gamoyenebis<br />
SesaZlebloba, motivaciis amaRleba saswavlo procesisadmi<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S.).<br />
integrirebuli gakveTili xels uwyobs moswavlis<br />
saazrovno unar-Cvevebis gaaqtiurebas (sagnebisa Tu<br />
movlenebis Se<strong>da</strong>reba, <strong>da</strong>pirispireba, mizezSedegobrivi<br />
kavSirebis Zieba <strong>da</strong> a.S.). gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, uzrunvelyofs<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Rlilobis moxsnas, rasac ganapirobebs erTferovneba<br />
saswavlo procesSi. moswavleebisaTvis erTgvarad<br />
`uCveulo~ gakveTili mravalmxrivi aqtivobebiT aRZravs<br />
SemecnebiT interesebs <strong>da</strong> axdens aqtivobis stimulirebas.<br />
xSir SemTxvevaSi integrirebul gakveTils axlavs<br />
gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis, versiebis warmoSoba, Ziebebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> aRmoCenebi <strong>da</strong> am procesSi wamyvan rols swored<br />
moswavleebi asruleben. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom integrirebuli<br />
gakveTili exmareba maswavlebels sakuTari<br />
SemoqmedebiTi potencialis gaxsnaSi, rac mniSvnelovania<br />
misi profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
integrirebuli gakveTilis momzadeba arastan<strong>da</strong>rtulobis<br />
gamo sakmaod moculobiT mosamzadebel samu Saos<br />
moiTxovs, rac iwyeba gakveTilis saswavlo miznebis mka-<br />
fio formulirebiT. saswavlo miznebis Sesatyvisad ganisazRvreba<br />
misaRwevi Sedegebi.<br />
integrirebuli gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>gegmvis ZiriTadi etapebia:<br />
1. sagakveTilo Tematikisa <strong>da</strong> partniori maswavleblis<br />
SerCeva.<br />
mocemul etapze SesaZlebelia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva SesaZlo<br />
variantis ganxilva:<br />
• Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad maswavlebeli irCevs Tematikas integrirebuli<br />
gakveTilisaTvis <strong>da</strong> Semdeg am Tematikis<br />
garSemo xdeba konkretuli partniori maswavleblis/<br />
maswavleblebis Semokreba.<br />
IV.3. nimuSi 1.<br />
xelovnebis maswavlebels, sagnobrivi stan<strong>da</strong>rtis<br />
mixedviT <strong>da</strong>gegmili aqvs muSaoba garkveul<br />
Tematikaze. misi azriT, es sakiTxi SeiZleba ufro<br />
safuZvlianad <strong>da</strong> mravalmxriv <strong>da</strong>muSavdes interdisciplinaruli<br />
ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi (integracia istoriasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> lite raturasTan/musikasTan). am ideiT<br />
igi mimarTavs imave klasTan momuSave istoriisa <strong>da</strong><br />
literaturis maswavleblebs <strong>da</strong> maTgan Tanxmobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, isini jgufurad iwyeben integrirebul<br />
gakveTilze muSaobas.<br />
• SesaZlebelia, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sagnis 2/3-ma maswavlebelma<br />
erToblivad miiRos ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba integrirebuli<br />
gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>gegmvisa <strong>da</strong> Catarebis Taobaze <strong>da</strong> mxolod<br />
Semdeg moxdes sagakveTilo Tematikis SerCeva.<br />
124 125
IV.3. nimuSi 2.<br />
erTi klasis maswavleblebi ga<strong>da</strong>wyveten integrirebuli<br />
gakveTilis erToblivad <strong>da</strong>gegmvasa <strong>da</strong> Catarebas,<br />
radgan, maTi azriT, interdisciplinaruli midgoma<br />
u<strong>da</strong>vod <strong>efeqturi</strong>a <strong>da</strong> Sedegiani, vidre masalis ganker-<br />
Zoebuli aTviseba. isini erToblivad irCeven gamWol<br />
Tematikas, romelic saerToa sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sagnisaTvis <strong>da</strong><br />
Semdeg iwyeben muSaobas integrirebuli gakveTilis<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmvaze.<br />
2. integrirebuli gakveTilis Temis, saswavlo miznebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli Sedegebis <strong>da</strong>zusteba.<br />
mocemul etapze samuSao jgufis wevrebi erToblivad<br />
muSaoben integrirebuli gakveTilis Tematikaze, iTvaliswineben,<br />
rom SerCeuli Tema erTdroulad ukavSirdebodes<br />
<strong>da</strong> exebodes yvela monawile sagans. ganisazRvreba<br />
SerCeuli saerTo Tematikis farglebSi TiToeuli<br />
sagnisaTvis erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli<br />
Sedegebi, rac Seadgens saorientacio wertils gakveTilis<br />
saswavlo miznebisa <strong>da</strong> Semdgom aqtivobebis <strong>da</strong>gegmvisaTvis.<br />
amave etapze xdeba integrirebuli gakveTilisaTvis<br />
winapirobebis gansazRvra calkeuli sagnebis mixedviT<br />
(ra codnasa <strong>da</strong> unarebs floben moswavleebi). analizis<br />
safuZvelze ikveTeba moswavleTa Zlieri <strong>da</strong> susti<br />
mxareebi, rac gasaTvaliswinebelia <strong>da</strong>saxuli Sedegebis<br />
misaRwevad.<br />
3. Sedegebze orientirebuli aqtivobebis <strong>da</strong>gegmva.<br />
samuSao jgufis wevrebi irCeven <strong>efeqturi</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong><br />
strategiebs, gegmaven adekvatur aqtivobebs, gansazRvraven<br />
TiToeuli aqtivobis mizansa <strong>da</strong> misi ganxorcielebisa-<br />
Tvis saWiro dros, resurss. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom am<br />
tipis gakveTilze saswavlo masala ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos ga<strong>da</strong>tvirTuli<br />
Warbi informaciiT, amasTan, un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebodes<br />
saswavlo <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis limits.<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom jer kidev integrirebuli<br />
gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>gegmvis procesSi ganisazRvros moswavle-<br />
Ta codnisa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis Sefasebis formebi, rac sakmaod<br />
mravalferovani SeiZleba iyos. Sefasebis sistemis<br />
<strong>efeqturi</strong> gamoyeneba mniSvnelovania rogorc miRebuli<br />
Sedegebis gaanalizebis, gakveTilis Zlieri <strong>da</strong> susti<br />
mxareebis gamovlenis TvalsazrisiT, ise zoga<strong>da</strong>d, maswavleblis<br />
profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
126 127
IV.4. moswavleTa codnisa <strong>da</strong><br />
unar-Cvevebis Sefaseba<br />
swavlisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong> procesis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani<br />
nawilia moswavleTa codnisa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis<br />
Sefaseba. swored Sefasebis saSualebiT aris SesaZlebeli<br />
moswavleTa miRwevebis saswavlo gegmiTa <strong>da</strong> sagnobrivi<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtiT gansazRvrul moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgena. Sefasebisas ikveTeba ara mxolod<br />
moswavlis miRwevebi, misi winsvla, aramed xarvezebic mis<br />
ganviTarebaSi, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis problema, rac maswavlebels<br />
aZlevs mravalmxriv sayuradRebo informacias.<br />
aRniSnuli<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, Sefasebas Semdegi umniSvnelovanesi<br />
funqciebi aqvs:<br />
1. moswavlis winsvlisa <strong>da</strong> xarvezebis gamovlena <strong>da</strong><br />
Semdgom misi swavlis xelSewyoba;<br />
2. saswavlo programebis, konkretuli meTodikis<br />
Semowmeba <strong>da</strong> srulyofa.<br />
gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>gegmvisa <strong>da</strong> warmarTvis procesSi maswavlebeli<br />
acnobierebs, Tu konkretulad ra, rodis <strong>da</strong><br />
rogor un<strong>da</strong> Seafasos. am mxriv misTvis sayuradReboa<br />
saswavlo miznebisa <strong>da</strong> Sedegebis <strong>da</strong>kavSireba, anu ra<br />
miznebi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>isaxos, rom konkretul, realur Sedegebs<br />
miaRwevs; gansazRvravs im saSualebebs (saTanado<br />
aqtivobebs, saswavlo-TvalsaCino <strong>da</strong> di<strong>da</strong>qtikur masalas<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxv.), romlebiTac igi am Sedegebs miaRwevs. Sefasebis<br />
sandoobas ganapirobebs mizanmimarTulad gansazRvruli<br />
saswavlo miznebi <strong>da</strong> misaRwevi Sedegebi, aqtivobebi <strong>da</strong><br />
mkafiod Camoyalibebuli <strong>da</strong>valebebis instruqciebi, Se-<br />
fasebis kriteriumebi <strong>da</strong>, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, maswavleblis<br />
saTanado profesiuli kompetencia.<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom Sefaseba iyos Ria <strong>da</strong> gamWvirvale<br />
moswavleebisaTvis, maT icodnen, Tu ra saxis meqanizmebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> kriteriumebi iqneba gamoyenebuli maTi codnisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis Semowmeba-SefasebisaTvis. sasurvelia,<br />
moswavleebi Tava<strong>da</strong>c iyvnen CarTuli Sefasebis kriteriumebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgenasa <strong>da</strong> Sefasebis sqemebis SemuSavebaSi,<br />
TviTSefasebisa <strong>da</strong> amxanagebis Sefasebis procesSi.<br />
erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT ganisazRvra Sefasebis<br />
ori ZiriTadi forma: ganmaviTarebeli <strong>da</strong> ganmsazRvreli.<br />
TiToeuli maTgani swavlisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong> aucilebel <strong>da</strong><br />
sistemur nawils warmoadgens.<br />
ganmaviTarebeli SefasebiT, rac gulisxmobs swavlis<br />
xarisxis gaumjobesebis uzrunvelyofas, <strong>swavlebis</strong> procesSi<br />
TiToeuli moswavlis ganviTarebis maqsimalur<br />
xelSewyobas, maswavlebeli exmareba moswavleebs naklovani<br />
mxareebis gacnobierebasa <strong>da</strong> aRmofxvraSi, miRwevebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>naxvasa <strong>da</strong> samomavlo gzebis <strong>da</strong>saxvaSi. am<br />
mizniT mniSvnelovania maswavlebelma ganaxorcielos<br />
sistematuri <strong>da</strong>kvirveba TiToeuli moswavlis saqmianobaze,<br />
Seiswavlos maTi SesaZleblobebi, saWiroebebi <strong>da</strong><br />
gamoiyenos <strong>swavlebis</strong> procesSi. pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri efeqtisa-<br />
Tvis mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma uzrunvelyos<br />
sakuTriv moswavleebis CarTva ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis<br />
procesSi, Camouyalibos maT TviTSefasebis unari, raTa<br />
maT xeli Seuwyon sakuTar winsvlas, rac Tanmimdevrulad<br />
<strong>da</strong> mizanmimarTulad un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes.<br />
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas maswavlebels Seu-<br />
Zlia gamoiyenos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saSualeba, maT Soris, mkafio,<br />
konkretuli rCevebi, sityvieri komentari, e.w. <strong>da</strong>-<br />
128 129
kvirvebis baraTebi, Sefasebisa <strong>da</strong> urTierTSefasebis<br />
sqemebi, TiToeuli moswavlis portfolios Sedgena<br />
Semdgomi ganxilvisaTvis <strong>da</strong> sxv. saTanado pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri<br />
efeqtisaTvis sayuradReboa Semajamebel gakveTilebze<br />
winaswar momzadebuli baraTebis gamoyeneba, romlebSic<br />
<strong>da</strong>fiqsirdeba TiToeuli moswavlis diagnostikur masalaze<br />
muSaobis Sedegebi.<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirveba ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis erT-erTi<br />
meTodia. <strong>da</strong>kvirveba SeiZleba mravalmxrivi iyos (codna,<br />
unar-Cvevebi, <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebi, Rirebulebebi, iniciativa,<br />
SemoqmedebiTi midgoma d sxv.) konkretuli<br />
gakveTilis saswavlo miznebis, Temis/sakiTxis, aqtivobebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT. <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis Sedegad maswavlebeli<br />
akeTebs Canawerebs _ komentarebs, SeniSvnebs,<br />
romlebSic afiqsirebs moswavleTa miRwevebsa Tu<br />
problemebs. savldebulo ar aris, rom <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis<br />
baraTebs hqondes raime saxis konkretuli struqtura,<br />
Tumca aranakleb <strong>efeqturi</strong>a Canawerebis gakeTeba specialur<br />
cxrilebSi konkretuli kriteriumebis mixedviT.<br />
aRniSnuli sqemebis gamoyeneba bevrad aadvilebs<br />
ara mxolod Canawerebis gakeTebis teqnikas, aramed<br />
Semdgomi analizis processac.<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirvebis cxrilis nimuSi<br />
130 131<br />
TariRi<br />
saxeli,<br />
gvari<br />
saklaso<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebebi<br />
gamoavlina<br />
saswavlo<br />
masalis<br />
codna,<br />
gauWir<strong>da</strong><br />
sakiTxis<br />
sxva konteqstSi<br />
ganxilva,<br />
msjelob<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>majereblad,<br />
Tumca<br />
naklebad<br />
myari argumentebi<br />
mohyav<strong>da</strong>.<br />
jgufuri<br />
muSaoba<br />
TanaklaselebTan<br />
muSaoba<br />
misTvis naklebadsainteresoa,naklebad<br />
Sedis<br />
kontaqtSi<br />
jgufis<br />
wevrebTan,<br />
ar avlens<br />
iniciativas,<br />
uyuradRebod<br />
tovebs<br />
sxvebis<br />
azrs/rCevebs.<br />
ar avlens<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>jerebulobas<br />
organizebuloba<br />
hqon<strong>da</strong><br />
samuSao<br />
masala, iTvaliswineb<strong>da</strong><br />
drois<br />
limits<br />
koncentrirebuli<br />
iyo<br />
samuSaoze<br />
saSinao<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
saSinao<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
ar<br />
hqon<strong>da</strong><br />
Sesrulebuli,<br />
ar<br />
iyo pasuxismgeblobiT,<br />
ver gamoavlina<br />
codna,<br />
saTanado<br />
praqtikuli<br />
unar-<br />
Cvevebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
rogorc naTlad Cans mocemuli sqemi<strong>da</strong>n, maswavleblis<br />
Canawerebi moklea, Tumca konkretuli <strong>da</strong> sakmaod<br />
informaciuli.<br />
komentari. gakveTilis msvlelobisas maswavlebeli<br />
sistematurad gamoTqvams azrs TiToeuli moswavlis<br />
pasuxTan Tu garkveul qmedebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, anu<br />
akeTebs zepir komentars. komentarebis sistematurad<br />
gamoyeneba mniSvnelovan pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur efeqtzea gaTvlili
_ umaRlebs moswavleebs motivacias, aRuZravs interess,<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli muSaobis survils, uviTarebs sakuTari<br />
Tavis rwmenas <strong>da</strong> a.S., Tumca, pirvel rigSi, sayuradReboa<br />
im kuTxiT, rom moswavle komentaris saxiT iRebs obieqtur<br />
informacias _ ra warmatebebi aqvs mas konkretuli<br />
Temis/sakiTxis Seswavlisas, namuSevris Seqmnisas,<br />
diskusiebSi, gamofenebsa Tu sxva saxis RonisZiebebSi/<br />
aqtivobebSi monawileobisas, an Tun<strong>da</strong>c, ra naklovani mxareebi<br />
SeiniSneba. mniSvnelovania, rom komentari (zepiri<br />
Tu werilobiTi, <strong>da</strong>debiTi Tu uaryofiTi) iyos zomieri<br />
<strong>da</strong> obieqturi. maswavlebelma yovelTvis un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>inaxos<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi, Tun<strong>da</strong>c, minimaluri <strong>da</strong> mxolod sa-<br />
Tanado taqtiT aRniSnos naklovanebebi. gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />
isic, rom namuSevris Sefasebisas maswavlebeli<br />
afasebs swored namuSevars <strong>da</strong> ara moswavlis pirovnebas.<br />
sasurvelia, komentari moicavdes garkveuli saxiT<br />
konkretul rCevasac.<br />
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisagan gansxvavebiT, ganmsaz-<br />
Rvrel SefasebaSi iwereba saTanado qulebi Sefasebis<br />
ZiriTad komponentebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT. es komponentebia:<br />
• saSinao <strong>da</strong>valeba;<br />
• saklaso <strong>da</strong>valeba;<br />
• Semajamebeli <strong>da</strong>valeba.<br />
TiToeuli komponenti saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis<br />
gakveTilze SeiZleba sakmaod mravalmxrivi<br />
formiTa <strong>da</strong> saSualebiT iqnes warmodgenili. magaliTad:<br />
saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebisTvis SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes<br />
ese, referati, informaciisa Tu sailustracio masalis<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukideblad moZieba, praqtikuli samuSao <strong>da</strong> a.S., cxadia,<br />
<strong>swavlebis</strong> konkretuli safexuris, saswavlo Temis/<br />
sakiTxisa <strong>da</strong> gakveTilis saswavlo miznebis Sesabamisad;<br />
mimdinare saklaso <strong>da</strong>valebebi SesaZlebelia moicavdes<br />
Semdegi tipis aqtivobebs:<br />
1. praqtikuli samuSaos Sesruleba, romlis Sefasebac<br />
ganxorcieldeba Semdegi kriteriumebiT:<br />
• organizebuloba;<br />
• teqnikis, masalis floba;<br />
• SemoqmedebiToba;<br />
• TanamSromloba jgufuri muSaobis dros.<br />
2. monawileobis miReba sakuTari <strong>da</strong> amxanagebis namu-<br />
Sevrebis ganxilvaSi;<br />
3. monawileobis miReba konkretuli epoqis/Semoqmedis/xelovnebis<br />
nimuSis ganxilvis procesSi, rac SeiZleba<br />
Sefasdes Semdegi kriteriumebis mixedviT:<br />
• aqtiuri monawileoba;<br />
• sakuTari azris gadmocema <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sabuTeba;<br />
• sxvisi azris mimarT pativiscemis demonstrireba.<br />
4. sakuTari <strong>da</strong> sxvaTa namuSevrebis prezentacia, rac<br />
SeiZleba Sefasdes Semdegi kriteriumebiT:<br />
• sakuTari azris naTlad <strong>da</strong> mkafiod gadmocema, auditoriasTan<br />
kontaqti;<br />
• kiTxvebze adekvaturi pasuxis gacema;<br />
• TvalsaCinoebisa <strong>da</strong> teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyeneba;<br />
Semajamebeli <strong>da</strong>valebis komponenti gulisxmobs garkveuli<br />
saswavlo monakveTis (Temis/Tavis/paragrafis) Seswavlis<br />
Sedegad sagnobrivi stan<strong>da</strong>rtiT gansazRvruli<br />
codnisa <strong>da</strong> unarebis warmoCenas. Semajamebeli <strong>da</strong>valebebis<br />
tipebi SesaZlebelia iyos, magaliTad,sakontrolo<br />
wera, gamoc<strong>da</strong>, testireba, masStaburi namuSevari, gamofena,<br />
ese, referati, proeqti <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
proeqtis Sesrulebisas SesaZlebelia Sefasdes Semdegi<br />
aqtivobebi:<br />
132 133
proeqtis ideis gansazRvra, <strong>da</strong>gegmva, organizeba,<br />
resursis moZieba, wardgena <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia moTxovnebi, romlebsac un<strong>da</strong> akmayofilebdes<br />
Semajamebeli <strong>da</strong>valebebi:<br />
• <strong>da</strong>valebis TiToeul tips un<strong>da</strong> axldes Sefasebis<br />
zogadi rubrika;<br />
• rubrika un<strong>da</strong> iTvaliswinebdes konkretuli <strong>da</strong>valebis<br />
pirobasa <strong>da</strong> ganvlil masalas;<br />
• 10 qula un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>nawildes rubrikaSi Semaval<br />
kriteriumebze;<br />
• miTiTebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos is Sedegebi, romelTa Semowmebasac<br />
emsaxureba konkretuli Semajamebeli <strong>da</strong>valeba.<br />
Sefasebis sqemebi<br />
Sefasebis sqemebi, anu rubrikebi mkacrad gansazRvruli<br />
kriteriumebis erTobliobas warmoadgens. moswavleTa<br />
Sefaseba erTiani sqemiT ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis<br />
mniSvnelovani formaa <strong>da</strong> xels uwyobs moswavleTa obieqturi<br />
Sefasebis ganxorcielebas.<br />
Sefasebis sqemebi SesaZlebelia iyos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
tipisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis. e.w. rubrikebis nimuSebi warmodgenilia<br />
sagnobriv saganmanaTleblo stan<strong>da</strong>rtebSi,<br />
magaliTad, rubrikebi:<br />
• xelovnebis nimuSis analizi;<br />
• praqtikuli namuSevris Sefaseba;<br />
• prezentaciis unar-Cvevebis gamovlena <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
aRniSnuli rubrikebis gar<strong>da</strong>, maswavlebels SeuZlia<br />
Sefasebis sxva tipis sqemebis sakuTari mosazrebisamebr<br />
SemuSaveba, cxadia, <strong>swavlebis</strong> safexuris gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
am SemTxvevaSi sayuradReboa Sefasebis sqemis ZiriTadi<br />
kriteriumebisa <strong>da</strong> TiToeuli maTganis maxasiaTeblebis<br />
gansazRvra calkeuli doneebis Sesatyvisad.<br />
IV.5. gakveTilis Sefaseba <strong>da</strong><br />
maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTareba<br />
saswavlo procesis efeqturobas bevrad gansazRvravs<br />
gakveTilis Sefaseba, rac gamokveTs rogorc <strong>da</strong>debiT, ise<br />
naklovan mxareebs, amasTan, mniSvnelovania maswavleblis<br />
Semdgomi profesiul ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
saswavlo Sedegebis Semowmebis, analizisa <strong>da</strong> Sefasebis<br />
mizniT, sasurvelia, maswavlebeli sistematurad<br />
iyenebdes gakveTilis TviTSefasebis sqemas, romelSic<br />
mkafiod iqneba formulirebuli Sefasebis indikatorebi.<br />
gakveTilis Sefasebis sanimuSo sqema<br />
# gakveTilis Sefasebis indikatorebi ki nawilobriv<br />
1. ramdenad mkafiod aris formulirebuli<br />
gakveTilis saswavlo miznebi?<br />
2. Seesabameba Tu ara maswavleblis<br />
3.<br />
strategia gakveTilis saswavlo miznebs?<br />
ramdenad sworad anawilebs sagakve-<br />
Tilo dros?<br />
4. akavSirebs Tu ara axal Temas/saki-<br />
Txs ganvlil masalasTan?<br />
5. ramdenad gasagebad awvdis axal masalas<br />
<strong>da</strong> rogor amowmebs aTvisebis<br />
xarisxs?<br />
6. uzrunvelyofs Tu ara moswavleTa<br />
SemecnebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebas<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva doneze?<br />
134 135<br />
ara
7. ramdenad uwyobs xels moswavleTa<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli muSaobis unarisa <strong>da</strong><br />
kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas?<br />
8. iyenebs Tu ara jgufuri muSaobis<br />
strategias?<br />
9. ramdenad uzrunvelyofs moswavleTa<br />
disciplinas, <strong>da</strong>interesebasa <strong>da</strong> aqtivobas?<br />
10. iTvaliswinebs Tu ara moswavleTa<br />
individualur SesaZleblobebs <strong>da</strong>valebebis<br />
micemisas?<br />
11. ramdenad iTvaliswinebs mis mier<br />
micemuli <strong>da</strong>valebebi moswavlis<br />
cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas, sxva sagnebSi<br />
SeZenil codnas?<br />
12. mizanmimarTulad iyenebs Tu ara<br />
saswavlo <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mxmare resursebs?<br />
13, ramdenad gegmavs <strong>da</strong> axalisebs moswavleTa<br />
mier proeqtebisa <strong>da</strong> prezentaciebis<br />
momzadebas?<br />
14. uviTarebs Tu ara moswavleebs TviT-<br />
Sefasebisa <strong>da</strong> sxvaTa Sefasebis unars?<br />
15. ramdenad cnobili <strong>da</strong> gasagebia<br />
moswavleTaTvis Sefasebis sistema<br />
<strong>da</strong> komponentebi?<br />
16. mravalferovania Tu ara Sefasebis<br />
sistema?<br />
17. ramdenad obieqturia maswavlebeli<br />
Sefasebisas?<br />
18. ramdenad pozitiuria saklaso garemo?<br />
maswavlebels SeuZlia sakuTari mosazrebisamebr<br />
SearCios an <strong>da</strong>moukideblad gansazRvros gakveTilis Sefasebis<br />
indikatorebi, cxadia, <strong>swavlebis</strong> mocemuli safexurisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> konkretuli Temis Sesabamisad.<br />
TviTSefaseba maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis<br />
umniSvnelovanesi strategiaa. susti <strong>da</strong> Zlier mxareebis<br />
Sefaseba <strong>da</strong> miRebuli informaciis mizanmimarTuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> gonivruli gamoyeneba u<strong>da</strong>vod <strong>da</strong>debiT zegavlenas<br />
axdens sakuTriv saswavlo procesze <strong>da</strong> maswavleblis<br />
mier miRweul realur xarisxobriv Sedegebze.<br />
maswavleblis profesiuli zrdisaTvis mniSvnelovania<br />
agreTve mWidro TanamSromloba kolegebTan. magaliTad,<br />
ganaTlebis sistemaSi mimdinare siaxleebis, axali<br />
profesiuli literaturis gacnoba <strong>da</strong> Seswavla,<br />
calkeuli <strong>strategiebi</strong>s ganxilva-<strong>da</strong>muSaveba, kolegebis<br />
gakveTilebze <strong>da</strong>swreba <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodebze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tvalsawieris gafarToebis mizniT, agreTve saku-<br />
Tari pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri midgomebis <strong>da</strong>xvewis mizniT, gamocdilebis<br />
urTierTgaziareba <strong>da</strong> ganzogadeba, erToblivi<br />
muSaoba proeqtebze, diskusiebze, aqciebis, gamofenebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S. organizebaze, integrirebuli gakveTilebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmvasa <strong>da</strong> Catarebaze <strong>da</strong> sxv. erToblivi muSaobiT<br />
maswavleblebs SeuZliaT Seqmnan agreTve saswavlo masalebi,<br />
saswavlo meTodologia, axali resursebi, Sefasebis<br />
meqanizmebi <strong>da</strong> sxv. profesiuli ganviTarebis<br />
alternatiul saSualebas warmoadgens maswavleblebis<br />
monawileoba konferenciebsa <strong>da</strong> sxva saxis samuSao SexvedrebSi.<br />
136 137
maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis mniSvnelovania<br />
sainformacio <strong>teqnologiebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>ufleba <strong>da</strong><br />
mizanmimarTuli gamoyeneba. magaliTad, saWiro, amasTan, mravalmxrivi<br />
informaciis, vizualuri masalis (reproduqcia,<br />
foto <strong>da</strong> sxv.) moZieba, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis resursis<br />
Seqmna <strong>da</strong> sxv. mniSvnelovania maswavleblis mier imis<br />
gacnobierebac, rom profesiuli ganviTareba un<strong>da</strong> iqnes<br />
ganxiluli rogorc uwyveti procesi <strong>da</strong> ara moklevadiani,<br />
Tun<strong>da</strong>c, erTjeradi RonisZieba.<br />
reziume<br />
EFFECTIVE LEARNING STRATEGIES<br />
AND TECHNOLOGIES<br />
(FINE AND APPLIED ARTS)<br />
Nana Macharashvili<br />
Doctor of Pe<strong>da</strong>gogical Sciences<br />
Abstract<br />
The current novelties in the educational environment<br />
have determined the urgency for establishing teaching content<br />
on various principles, the world's educational practices,<br />
researching the innovative approaches and generalization.<br />
The research discusses the conceptual foun<strong>da</strong>tions for effective<br />
learning, presents educational technologies and strategies,<br />
the effectiveness of which has been duly certified according<br />
to the results of the studies carried out by the world's<br />
leading scientists and has been successfully approved in the<br />
school practice.<br />
138 139
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
1. erovnuli saswavlo gegma (2011-2016). saqarTvelos<br />
ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministro. 2011.<br />
2. maswavleblis profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rti. 2008.<br />
3. saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovneba. sagnobrivi stan<strong>da</strong>rti.<br />
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministro.<br />
2011.<br />
4. swavleba <strong>da</strong> Sefaseba. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
mecnierebis saministro, maswavlebelTa profesiuli<br />
ganviTarebis centri, 2008.<br />
5. saswavlo <strong>da</strong> profesiuli garemo. ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
mecnierebis saministro, maswavlebelTa profesiuli<br />
ganviTarebis centri, 2008.<br />
6. rogor vaswavloT moswavleebs azrovneba. meTodologiuri<br />
saxelmZRvanelo. ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis<br />
saministro, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis<br />
centri, 2007.<br />
7. problemaze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli swavleba. meTodologiuri<br />
saxelmZRvanelo. ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministro,<br />
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis<br />
centri, 2007.<br />
8. sasargeblo resursi maswavleblisaTvis. erovnuli<br />
saswavlo gegmebisa <strong>da</strong> Sefasebis centri, 2007.<br />
9. brofi j., gudi T. _ maswavleblis qceva <strong>da</strong> moswavlis<br />
akademiuri moswreba. m. uiTroqis (red.) wignSi<br />
`kvlevebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodebis Sesaxeb (gv. 328-<br />
375), niu iorki, maqmilani.<br />
10. ivan iviCi, ana pesikani, slobo<strong>da</strong>nka ianoviCi. aqtiuri<br />
<strong>swavlebis</strong> meTodebis saxelmZRvanelo, Tb., 2000.<br />
11. Carlz Temfli. <strong>strategiebi</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saganSi. <strong>da</strong>mxmare<br />
saxelmZRvanelo. fondi `Ria sazogadoeba _<br />
saqarTvelo~. 2001.<br />
12. jeki Ternbuli. profesionali maswavleblis 9 maxasiaTebeli.<br />
ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministro,<br />
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri,<br />
2009.<br />
13. robert j. marzano, debra j. fiqeringi, jein i.<br />
foloqi. <strong>efeqturi</strong> swavleba skolaSi. ganaTlebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministro, maswavlebelTa profesiuli<br />
ganviTarebis centri, 2009.<br />
14. maWaraSvili n. xelovnebis <strong>da</strong>rgTa integrirebuli<br />
swavleba. gamomcemloba `meridiani~. 2008.<br />
15. maWaraSvili n. xelovnebis gakveTilebis <strong>da</strong>gegmva <strong>da</strong><br />
organizacia interaqtiuri meTodebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
gamomcemloba `meridiani~. 2006.<br />
16. maWaraSvili n., silagaZe n., jabua n. xelovnebis <strong>swavlebis</strong>aTvis<br />
Seqmnili saswavlo meToduri masalebi<br />
I-IX klasebisaTvis (grifirebuli 2011-2012 wlebSi<br />
ganaTlebis saministros mier).<br />
17. jenqsi q. _ ojaxisa <strong>da</strong> skolis zegavlenis ga<strong>da</strong>faseba<br />
amerikaSi. niuiorki, 1972. beiziq buqsi.<br />
18. 8. Выгодский гия”. М.,1991.<br />
Л. С. ,,Педагогическая психоло- психоло-<br />
19. Выгодский Л. С. ,,Проблемы развития психики”.<br />
М.,1983, Т. З.<br />
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20. Кукушин В. С. Современные педагогические технологии.<br />
Ростов н /Д „Феникс“, 2003. 448 стр.<br />
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обучения. Москва, „Владос“, 2007. 560 стр.<br />
22. Пьянкова Н.И. Изобразительное искусство в современной<br />
школе. Москва, „Просвещение“, 2006. 180<br />
стр.<br />
23. Слезер Н. Социология. М. 1984.<br />
24. Стоунс, Э..(1984). Психопедагогика, М: „Педагогика“.<br />
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пер. с анг. М. 1981.<br />
26. Хуторской А. В. Дидактическая эвристика. Теория<br />
и технология креативного обучения. — М.: Изд-во<br />
МГУ, 2003. — 416 с.<br />
27. Хуторской А. В. Современная дидактика. Санкт- Петербург,<br />
„Питер“, 2004. 540 стр.<br />
28. Bowling-Carr, C., & west-burnham, J. (1997). Effective<br />
lerning in schools. London: Pitman.<br />
29. Feden, Preston D., and Vogel, Robert M. Methods of<br />
teaching: applying cognitive science to promote student<br />
learning. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2003<br />
30. Diane F. halpern (1999). Thought and Knowledge: An<br />
Introduction to Critikal Thinking (3rd ed.). Lawrence<br />
Erlbaum Associates, Rublishers. Mahwah, new Jersey.<br />
31. Kyriacou, C. (1997). Effective teaching in schools (2nd<br />
ed.). Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Nelson Thornes.<br />
32. Perkins, D. (1992). Smart Schools: Better thinking and<br />
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gamomcemloba `meridiani~,<br />
al. yazbegis gamz. #45<br />
E – mail: info@meridianpub.com t. 239-15-22
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