swavlebisa da Sefasebis meTodebi profesiul ...
swavlebisa da Sefasebis meTodebi profesiul ...
swavlebisa da Sefasebis meTodebi profesiul ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
pasuxismgebeli<br />
re<strong>da</strong>qtori anastasia qitiaSvili<br />
wigni moamzades: lika Rlonti<br />
anastasia qitiaSvili<br />
nino labartyava<br />
cico gvaramaZe<br />
konsultanti lamara CikvaiZe<br />
mxatvari-dizaineri buba oCiauri<br />
<strong>da</strong>mkabadonebeli qeTevan gogava<br />
teqnikuri re<strong>da</strong>qtori nino balanCivaZe<br />
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministro<br />
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> centri<br />
ISBN 978-9941-0-0535-0
sarCevi
winasityvaoba<br />
mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia saxelobo ganaTlebis maswav leblebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> instruqtorebisaTvis. sa xelmZRvanelo SemuSavebulia avtorTa jgufis mier<br />
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> cent ris pro fesiuli ganaTlebis<br />
mimarTulebis farglebSi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelos <strong>da</strong>niSnulebaa, <strong>da</strong>exmaros saxelobo ganaTlebis maswavleblebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> instruqtorebs swavlis procesis <strong>da</strong>gegmvasa <strong>da</strong> ganxorcielebaSi. avtorebi<br />
mzad arian saxelmZRvanelosTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT miiRon konstruqciuli SeniSvnebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> ga iTvaliswinon isini Semdeg gamocemaSi.<br />
avtorebi madlobas uxdian TanamSromlobisa <strong>da</strong> praqti kuli magaliTebis mowodebisaTvis<br />
<strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centrebs:<br />
informaciuli teqnologiebis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
Tbilisis m. ToiZis saxelobis samxatvro <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
Tbilisis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri `speqtri~<br />
Tbilisis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
Tbilisis politeqnikuri <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
Tbilisis mravalprofiliani <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
Tblisis mraval<strong>da</strong>rgovani <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
Tbilisis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri `margi~<br />
foTis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
kaspis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
kaWreTis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
winamZRvrianTkaris winamZRvriSvilis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
N 1 quTaisis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
N 2 quTaisis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
didi jixaiSis nikolaZis saxelobis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
baTumis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
qobuleTis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
tyibulis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
zestafonis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
Cxorowyus <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
mestiis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
xidisTavis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
kazreTis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
qarelis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri<br />
Telavis <strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri
Sesavali<br />
saxelmZRvanelos mizania saxelobo ganaTlebis maswavlebelebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
in st ruqtorebs <strong>da</strong>exmaros swavlebis procesis efeqturad <strong>da</strong>gegmvasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> warmarTvaSi. saqarTvelos kanonis `<strong>profesiul</strong>i ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~<br />
mixedviT profesul ganaTlebas axorcielebs maswavlebeli <strong>da</strong> instruqtori.<br />
maswavlebels ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d evaleba Teoriuli codnis ga<strong>da</strong>cema,<br />
xolo instruqtori atarebs <strong>profesiul</strong> <strong>da</strong> praqtikul swavlebas, Tumca,<br />
xSir SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebels uxdeba instruqtoris movaleobis<br />
Sesrulebac <strong>da</strong> piriqiT. amitom, saxelmZRvaneloSi ar aris gamijnuli<br />
erTmaneTisagan maswavleblebisa <strong>da</strong> instruqtorebisaTvis gankuTvnili<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi.<br />
swavlebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT saxelobo ganaTlebis maswavleblebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
instruqtorebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kompetenciis floba esaWiroebaT, rogoricaa<br />
<strong>da</strong>rgobrivi, pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri, socialuri <strong>da</strong> personaluri. maT mxolod<br />
specialobis safuZvliani codna ki ar evalebaT, aramed codnis efeqtianad<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemac, saswavlo garemos mowyoba, studentebis motivireba,<br />
stimulireba, swavleba saklaso <strong>da</strong> samuSao adgilze, jgufebis marTva,<br />
xelmZRvaneloba, studentebis Sefaseba <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo swavlebis yvela am aspeqts exeba <strong>da</strong> Seicavs<br />
konkretul rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebs.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo iwyeba fsiqologiuri Teoriebis mokle mimoxilviT.<br />
am Tavis mizania, mkiTxvels warmodgena Seuqmnas im Teoriul mimar-<br />
Tulebebze, romelic safuZvlad udevs swavlebis meTodikas. ganxilulia<br />
bihevioristuli, kognituri <strong>da</strong> humanisturi Teoriebi, maT Soris<br />
msgavseba-gansxvaveba <strong>da</strong> pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi. am TavSive aris<br />
naCvenebi, rom <strong>swavlebisa</strong>s mxolod maswavlebeli ki ar un<strong>da</strong> gansaz-<br />
Rvravdes, ra <strong>da</strong> rogor aswavlos studentebs, aramed studentebTan er-<br />
Tad gegmavdes saswavlo process <strong>da</strong> studentis individualur SesaZleblobebs<br />
iTvaliswinebdes.<br />
Semdegi Tavi (Tavi 2) exeba swavlis procesSi individualur gansxvavebebs.<br />
am Tavis ZiriTadi mizania maswavlebelsa <strong>da</strong> instruqtors<br />
aC venos, rom yvela a<strong>da</strong>miani erTnairad ar swavlobs, rom a<strong>da</strong>miane bi<br />
gan sxavevbulad aRiqvamen movlenebs, imaxsovreben masalas, azrovneben<br />
<strong>da</strong> msjeloben. maT gansxvavebuli unarebi <strong>da</strong> SesaZleblobebi aqvT. am<br />
individualuri gansxvavebebis codnis gareSe SeuZlebelia efeqturi<br />
swavleba. amasTanave, am Tavis mizania gviCvenos swavlebis moqnili, mravalferovani<br />
midgomebis upiratesoba stan<strong>da</strong>rtul, xist midgomebTan<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT.<br />
Tavi 3 eTmoba motivaciis sakiTxs: motivacia, rogorc swavlis pro-<br />
5
6<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
cesis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani maregulirebeli faqtori, mecnierTa <strong>da</strong><br />
fsiqologebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n yovelTvis did yuradRebas imsaxurebs. maswavleblisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> instruqtoris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani amocanaa studentebis <strong>da</strong>intereseba,<br />
maTi motivireba, swavlebis im<strong>da</strong>gvarad organizeba, rom swavlis<br />
procesi studentebisaTvis saintereso gaxdes. am TavSi ganxilulia motivaciis<br />
tipebi, motivaciasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sakiTxebi, rogoricaa a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
moTxovnileba, interesebi, pasuxismgebloba, pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi<br />
motivaciis marTvisa <strong>da</strong> SenarCunebisaTvis.<br />
Tavi 4 eTmoba komunikaciis process. am Tavis mizania mkiTxvels <strong>da</strong> anaxvos<br />
komunikaciis mniSvneloba swavlebis procesSi. kidev erTxel aris naCvenebi,<br />
rom xSir SemTxvevaSi swavlebis araerTi problema ukav Sirdeba komunikaciis<br />
process <strong>da</strong>, Tu codnis ga<strong>da</strong>cema Sesabamisi komunikaciis procesis TanxlebiT<br />
ar xdeba, maswavleblis mxri<strong>da</strong>n mxolod sagnis floba ar aris sakmarisi.<br />
aqve aris ganxiluli araverbaluri komunikacia, romlis Sesaxeb arc Tu ise<br />
bevrma maswavlebelma icis, Tumca saklaso garemoSi is umniSvnelovanes funqcias<br />
asrulebs.<br />
Tavi 5 <strong>da</strong> 6 eTmoba swavlebis miznis <strong>da</strong>gegmvasa <strong>da</strong> swavlebis meTode bis<br />
SerCevas. am Tavebis mizania maswavlebels <strong>da</strong> instruqtors aCvenos, rom swavleba<br />
efeqturi ver iqneba, Tu yuradRebiT ar SevarCevT yoveli leqciisa<br />
Tu kursis mizans, zustad ar ganvsazRvravT swavlebis misaRwev Sedegebs,<br />
swavlebis konkretul meTods <strong>da</strong> zustad ar SevarCevT saswavlo masalas,<br />
romelic am Sedegis miRwevisaTvis aris saWiro. am Tav Sic aqcenti keTdeba<br />
swavlebis mrvalferovani <strong>meTodebi</strong>s gamoyenebis aucileblobaze.<br />
Tavi 7 <strong>da</strong> 8 eTmoba <strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> meTodebs. maTi mizania maswavleblebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> instruqtorebs miawodos sistematizirebuli in formacia<br />
swav lebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> Sesaxeb zoga<strong>da</strong>d <strong>da</strong> konkretul me Todeb Tan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />
SirebiT. saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilulia <strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong>s<br />
farTo speqtri, romelic rogorc jgufuri, ase ve individualuri <strong>swavlebisa</strong>s<br />
gamoiyeneba. swavlebis <strong>meTodebi</strong> ganxilulia Semdegi principebiT: meTodis<br />
arsi, misi gamoyenebis pirobebi, studentebis optimaluri raodenoba, meTodis<br />
pozitiuri <strong>da</strong> negatiuri mxareebi, saswavlo garemosa <strong>da</strong> swavlebis <strong>da</strong>mxmare<br />
saSualebebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sakiTxebi, <strong>Sefasebis</strong> adekvaturi formebi,<br />
praqtiki<strong>da</strong>n aRebuli magaliTebi <strong>da</strong> rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi meTodis SerCevasa <strong>da</strong><br />
gamoyenebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. meTodis arsis sworad gageba-gamoyenebaSi rogorc<br />
maswavlebels, ise instruqtors <strong>da</strong>exmareba praqtiki<strong>da</strong>n aRebuli magaliTebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> konkretuli rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi. <strong>da</strong>axloebiT amave formatiT aris<br />
ganxiluli <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong>c.<br />
saxelmZRvanelos Tan erTvis terminTa ganmarteba, romelSic Tavmoyrilia<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebuli terminebi <strong>da</strong> maTi mokle ganmartebebi.
swavlis fsiqologiuri<br />
Teoriebi<br />
fsiqologebis azriT, swavla aris axali informaciis, codnis, Cvevebis,<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebisa <strong>da</strong> ganwyobebis SeZena. swavla gulisxmobs<br />
cvli lebas erT romelime zemoTCamoTvlil sferoSi, rac gamowveu lia<br />
gamocdilebis SeZeniT. aviRoT, mag.: zonrebis Sekvris magaliTi. es<br />
r Tuli Cveva ramdenime moqmedebas moiazrebs: zonris ga<strong>da</strong>kecva <strong>da</strong><br />
maryuJis gakeTebas. yovelive amas ki sWirdeba praqtika <strong>da</strong> gamocdi lebis<br />
SeZena.<br />
swavla sabolood gamocdilebis Sedegia – mas mohyveba a<strong>da</strong>mianis moqmedebis<br />
cvlileba. cvlileba SeiZleba iyos rogorc realuri (<strong>da</strong>kvirvebadi),<br />
mag.: students ar SeeZlo <strong>da</strong> axla SeuZlia Teqis moTel va, ise<br />
potenciuri (ara<strong>da</strong>kvirvebadi), mag.: studentma iswavla axali Te oria.<br />
yvela cvlilebaze <strong>da</strong>kvirveba SeuZlebelia, swavla nervul sistemaSi<br />
mimdinare araTvalsaCino procesia.<br />
sakmaod rTuli procesia swavla, romelsac saukuneebis manZilze<br />
ikvlevdnen fsiqologebi <strong>da</strong> filosofosebi; masze gavlenas axdens<br />
garemo faqtorebi, a<strong>da</strong>mianis inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebi, ganwyobebi,<br />
motivacia, interesebi, sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierToba <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
amitom, arsebobs swavlis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Teoria, romlebic swavlis procesis<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva aspeqtze akeTeben aqcents. esenia:<br />
bihevioristuli Teoria, romlis mixedviT swavla aucileblad<br />
qcevaSi cvlilebas gulisxmobs, rasac SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vakvirdeT <strong>da</strong> aRvricxoT.<br />
Teoria swavlis procesSi gansakuTrebul miSvnelobas garemo<br />
faqtorebsa <strong>da</strong> maswavlebels aniWebs; swavla gulisxmobs garemosTan<br />
urTierTobis procesSi gamocdilebis miRebasa <strong>da</strong> informaciis <strong>da</strong>grovebas.<br />
es Teoria efeqturia, rodesac swavleba mTlian klasze an<br />
studentTa jgufzea orientirebuli <strong>da</strong> ara konkretul individebze.<br />
kognituri Teoria, romlis mixedviT swavla a<strong>da</strong>mianis kognitur<br />
aqtivobas saWiroebs, rogoricaa informaciis gaazreba, ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba,<br />
azris gamotana; Teoriis mixedviT swavla SesaZlebelia qcevaSi<br />
maSinve ki ar aisaxos, aramed kognitur cvlilebaSi gamoixatos. am<br />
Teoriis mixedviT swavlis procesis centrSi dgas moswavle, romelic<br />
garkveuli SesaZleblobebis, interesebisa <strong>da</strong> gamocdilebis matarebelia.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani codnas `pasiurad~ki ar iRebs, aramed agebs Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT,<br />
gamocdilebis safuZvelze.<br />
humanisturi Teoria, romelic swavlis procesSi gansakuTrebul<br />
mniSv nelobas pirovnul, individualur gansxvavebebs aniWebs. swavla<br />
7
8<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
ma Sinaa efeqturi, rodesac xdeba indvidualuri gansxvavebebis gaTvaliswineba<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kmayofileba.<br />
mniSvnelovania imis aRniSvna, rom es Teoriebi ar gamoricxaven, piriqiT<br />
_ avseben erTmaneTs.<br />
mokled mimovixiloT TiToeuli maTgani.<br />
1. 11.<br />
biheviorizmi<br />
biheviorizmi swavlis procesSi gansakuTrebul<br />
mniSvnelobas garemo faqtorebs<br />
aniWebs. biheviorizmis mixedviT<br />
swavlisaTvis stimuls garemo<br />
faqtorebi iZlevian; amitom bihevioristebi<br />
ikvleven garemo faqtorebs,<br />
anu stimulebsa <strong>da</strong> am stimulebze reaq<br />
ciebs. mocemul Teorias stimulreaqciis<br />
Teoriis saxeliTac moixsenieben.<br />
mag.: telefonis zari aris stimuli imisaTvis, rom telefonis<br />
yurmili aviRoT.<br />
bihevioristuli Teoria maswavlebelze koncentrirebuli Teoriaa,<br />
anu is direqtiuli swavlebis Teorias warmoadgens. am Teoriis<br />
mixedviT moswavle swavlis procesSi pasiuria, swavla <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia<br />
maswavlebelze <strong>da</strong> informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis formaze. ZiriTadi aqcenti<br />
keTdeba swavlebaze <strong>da</strong> ara swavlaze. Tu maswavlebeli saswavlo<br />
garemos gaxdis pozitiurs <strong>da</strong> sasiamovnos, waaxalisebs studentebs,<br />
moswavleebi efeq turad iswavlian<br />
masalas <strong>da</strong> piriqiT.<br />
bihevioris tul Teorias ar<br />
ain teresebs swavlis pro cesSi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis in dividualuri gan-<br />
sx vavebebi <strong>da</strong> SesaZleblobebi.<br />
misTvis mTavaria garemos<br />
im<strong>da</strong>gva rad organizeba, rom<br />
moswavleebma `wvrTnis~ safuZ<br />
velze ga mocdileba Sei-<br />
Zi non anu <strong>da</strong>iswavlon.<br />
metic, bihevioristebis mi-
xedviT arsebobs <strong>da</strong>swavlis forma, romelic sulac ar saWiroebs informaciis<br />
<strong>da</strong>muSavebas, gaanlizebas an<strong>da</strong> azris gamotanas; mas asociaciur<br />
<strong>da</strong>swavlas uwodeben.<br />
asociaciuri <strong>da</strong>swavlisas erTi movlena asociaciurad, gaucnobiereblad<br />
ukavSirdeba meores. mag.: maswavleblis mimarT <strong>da</strong>debiTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba SesaZlebelia gavrceldes sagnis mimarT <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaze<br />
ise, rom moswavles ar hqondes gacnobierebuli, Tu ratom <strong>da</strong><br />
rogor xdeba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebis Camoyalibeba.<br />
asociaciur <strong>da</strong>swavlaSi Tavis mxriv or formas ganasxvaveben: klasikursa<br />
<strong>da</strong> operatiul ganpirobebulobas.<br />
klasikuri ganpirobebuloba – aseve moixsenieba rogorc `pirobiT_refleqsuri<br />
<strong>da</strong>swavla~, vinai<strong>da</strong>n moiazrebs pirobiTi refleqsis<br />
gamomuSavebas. is pirvelad rusma fiziologma ivane pavlovma (1849-<br />
1936) aRwera.<br />
ivane pavlovi, ikvlev<strong>da</strong> ra saWmlis monelebis procesebs ZaRleb-<br />
Si, Semdeg movlenas ga<strong>da</strong>awy<strong>da</strong>: eqsperimentis dros ZaRlebi nerwyvis<br />
gamoyofas iwyebdnen sakvebis miRebisas. es bunebrivi refleqsia. mocemulma<br />
movlenam pavlovs<br />
ubiZga Semdegi eqsperimentis<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmvisaken. is rekav<strong>da</strong><br />
zars, romelic cxadia,<br />
ar iwvev<strong>da</strong> nerwyvis gamoyofas;<br />
Sem deg is rekav<strong>da</strong><br />
zars <strong>da</strong> amave dros ZaRls<br />
aZlev<strong>da</strong> sakvebs; mocemuli<br />
proceduris ramodenimejer<br />
gameorebis Semdeg zaris xma<br />
iwvev<strong>da</strong> nerwyvis gamoyofas. anu zaris xmaze, romelic ZaRlisTvis<br />
stimulia, ZaRli imave reaqciiT pasuxob<strong>da</strong>, rogoriTac sakvebis <strong>da</strong>naxvaze;<br />
amde nad, stimulebis (sakvebi <strong>da</strong> zaris xma) asociaciis gziT<br />
<strong>da</strong> ramodenimejer gameorebis Semdeg ZaRlma axali qceva <strong>da</strong>iswavla.<br />
pavlovis Teoriis gavleniT jon uoTsonma <strong>da</strong>swavlis Semdegi Teoria<br />
Camoayaliba: nebismieri <strong>da</strong>swavla xdeba klasikuri ganpirobebis<br />
gziT <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis Tan<strong>da</strong>yolil refleqsebs eyrdnoba.<br />
klasikuri ganpirobebulobis magaliTs xSirad vawydebiT swavlebis<br />
procesSi. swored klasikuri ganpirobebuloba aris mizezi imisa, rom<br />
zogierTi maswavlebeli, sagani mogvwons, zogi ki ara.<br />
magaliTad, aviRoT sagani masalaTmcodneoba; sanam studenti mas ar<br />
icnobs, is misTvis jer neitraluri stimulia, magram auditoria <strong>da</strong><br />
9<br />
swavlis fsiqologiuri Teoriebi
10<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
maswavlebeli, romlebic <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli arian am saganTan, SeiZleba<br />
stimulad ga<strong>da</strong>iqcnen. es stimuli SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>ukavSirdes rogorc sasiamovno<br />
reaqcias, (mosaxerxebeli skami, keTilganwyobili maswavlebeli,)<br />
ise usiamovnos (mouxerxebeli skami, braziani maswavlebeli).<br />
sabolood, am stimulze SesaZlebelia emocia <strong>da</strong>ukavSirdes sagans,<br />
anu SesaZloa maswavlebeli aswavlides masalaTmcodneobis sagans <strong>da</strong><br />
iwvevdes mis mimarT negatiur <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas. cxadia, sagnis swavla<br />
kognitur aqtiobas saWiroebs maSin, roca sagnisadmi negatiuri<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis Camoyalibeba xdeba uSualod klasikuri ganpirobebulobis<br />
gziT.<br />
arsebobs <strong>da</strong>swavlis kidev erTi forma: `<strong>da</strong>swavla cdisa <strong>da</strong> Secdomis<br />
meTodiT~. is Camoayaliba edvard Torn<strong>da</strong>ikma.<br />
mocemuli stilis <strong>da</strong>swavla Semdegnairad mimdinareobs: axal <strong>da</strong><br />
ucxo situaciaSi a<strong>da</strong>miani sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qcevas mimarTavs manam, sanam misi<br />
qceva sasurvel Sedegs ar moitans. amis Semdeg xdeba warmatebuli<br />
qcevis gameoreba, rasac <strong>da</strong>swavla ganapirobebs. mag.: warmoidgineT,<br />
rom students axlad <strong>da</strong>wyebuli aqvs muSaoba kompiuterTan. is beW<strong>da</strong>vs<br />
dokuments, magram zustad ar axsovs, Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong> ganaxorcielos<br />
teqstis centrirebis operacia. is mimarTavs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qcevas (aWers<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Rilaks) manam, sanam sasurvel Sedegs ar miaRwevs. amis<br />
Semdeg, rodesac is miujdeba kompiuters samuSaod, ufro iolad ganaxorcielebs<br />
sasurvel qcevas.<br />
Torn<strong>da</strong>ikis <strong>da</strong>swavlis kanonebi<br />
efeqtis kanoni: moxdeba im qcevis gameoreba, <strong>da</strong>swavla, romelsac<br />
Tan axlavs “kmayofilebis ganc<strong>da</strong>” <strong>da</strong> piriqiT, ar moxdeba im qcevis<br />
gameoreba, romelsac Tan ar axlavs “kmayofilebis ganc<strong>da</strong>”.<br />
mzaobis kanoni: nebismieri qmedebis <strong>da</strong>swavla-ar<strong>da</strong>swavla mzaobazea<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli. mzaobaSi igulisxmeba a<strong>da</strong>mianis ganviTarebis<br />
done <strong>da</strong> motivacia. mag.: studenti kompiuteris gamoyenebiT <strong>da</strong>valebis<br />
Sesrulebis dros <strong>da</strong>Svebuli Secdomebis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
maSin aRwevs sasurvel Sedegs, Tu man ukve garkveul doneze icis<br />
kompiuterTan muSaoba.<br />
mravali reaqciis kanoni: rodesac a<strong>da</strong>miani ga<strong>da</strong>awydeba problemas,<br />
romlis ga<strong>da</strong>saWrela<strong>da</strong>c mas ara aqvs mza qceva, is mimarTavs<br />
mraval gansxvavebul qcevas manam, sanam erT-erT maTgans saWiro<br />
rezultati ar mohyveba.
ganwyobis anu <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis kanonis Tanaxmad Cven mivmar-<br />
TavT garkveul qcevas Cveni cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. mocemuli kanoni aRiarebs<br />
kulturis <strong>da</strong> gamocdilebis zegavlenas. Cveni <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebi<br />
kulturis zegavlenas ganicdis. mag.: zogierTi kulturisaTvis<br />
agresiuli qceva ufro <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia, amitom mocemul kulturaSi<br />
mosalodnelia aseTi qcevis <strong>da</strong>swavla <strong>da</strong> ganmtkiceba.<br />
dominanturi elementebis kanonis Tanaxmad, problemur situaciaSi<br />
organizmi reagirebs gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan (dominantur)<br />
elementebze. studenti swori ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis Ziebisas<br />
pirvel rigSi TvalSisacem detalebs afiqsirebs.<br />
analogiuri reaqciis kanoni gulisxmobs, rom, roca Cven vxvdebiT<br />
axal situaciaSi, pirvel rigSi mivmarTavT im qcevas,<br />
romelsac mivmarTavdiT msgavs situaciaSi. Cven reaqcia ga<strong>da</strong>gvaqvs<br />
erTi situacii<strong>da</strong>n meoreSi, rac aucilebelia a<strong>da</strong>ptaciisaTvis.<br />
XX saukunis erT-erTma cnobilma fsiqologma b.f. skinerma ganavrco<br />
ganmtkicebis Teoria <strong>da</strong> mas operantuli ganpirobebulobis Teoria<br />
uwo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
skineris mixedviT, a<strong>da</strong>mianis qcevaTa<br />
umravlesoba operantulia, mag.: saswavlebelSi<br />
wasvla, werilis <strong>da</strong>wera: es<br />
imas miSnavs, rom es qcevebi winaswaraa<br />
ganzraxuli, nebelobiTia <strong>da</strong> ara uSualod<br />
stimuliT gamowveuli, rogoricaa<br />
mag.: Tvalis xamxami, <strong>da</strong>cemineba.<br />
skineris Teoriis mixedviT <strong>da</strong>swavlisaTvis<br />
umniSvnelovanesia ganmtkicebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sjis gamoyneba.<br />
ganmtkiceba SesaZlebelia iyos rogorc pozitiuri, aseve negatiuri.<br />
pozitiuri ganmtkiceba waxalisebas gulisxmobs; negatiuri ganmtkiceba<br />
ki aris usiamovno stimulis mocileba misaRebi qcevis ganxorcielebis<br />
Semdeg. is ganicdeba rogorc Sveba.<br />
pozitiuri ganmtkicebis magaliTebi saswavlo garemoSi imdenad<br />
mravalferovani <strong>da</strong> cnobilia, rom maTi CamoTvla banalurad mogeCvenebaT.<br />
yovelTvis, roca maswavlebeli uRimis students, eubneba raime<br />
sasiamovnos, aqebs, uwers maRal niSans, aRniSnavs TanatolebTan mis<br />
warmatebebs, is iyenebs pozitiur ganmtkicebas. moswavle gaimeorebs<br />
11<br />
swavlis fsiqologiuri Teoriebi
12<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
anu <strong>da</strong>iswavlis im qcevas, romelsac maswavleblis mxri<strong>da</strong>n amgvari qmedeba<br />
mosdevs. negatiuri ganmtkiceba mag.: maswavlebeli aRar aZ levs<br />
SeniSvnas students, aRar uwers cud niSans, mas Semdeg, rac man <strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
kargad Seasrula.<br />
arsebobs <strong>da</strong>sjis ori saxe: pozitiuri <strong>da</strong> negatiuri.<br />
<strong>da</strong>sjis tips, rodesac arasasiamovno zemoqmedebis RonisZiebebi<br />
gamoiyeneba arasasurveli qcevis aRkveTis mizniT, pozitiuri <strong>da</strong>sja<br />
ewodeba. mag.: <strong>da</strong>tuqsva an cudi niSnis <strong>da</strong>wera studentis cudi qcevis<br />
Sesabamisad.<br />
negatiuri <strong>da</strong>sja aris arasasurveli qcevis Sedegad gamoyenebuli<br />
garkveuli sasjeli, (anu jarima), romelic moiazrebs sasiamovno<br />
stimulis moSorebas. mag.: moswavlis <strong>da</strong>toveba skolaSi gakveTilebis<br />
Semdeg.<br />
cxrili 1.1. magaliTebi saswavlo garemo<strong>da</strong>n<br />
stimuli operantuli<br />
reaqcia<br />
gamocdis <strong>da</strong>niSvna<br />
ucxo enaSi<br />
maswavlebeli akritikebs<br />
studentebs<br />
araswori pasuxebis<br />
gamo<br />
maswavlebeli atarebs<br />
gakveTils<br />
studenti kargad<br />
swavlobs<br />
sagans<br />
studenti mxolod<br />
maSin pasuxobs,rodesac<br />
sakuTar<br />
sisworeSia<br />
<strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli<br />
studenti<br />
megobarTan<br />
saubrobs<br />
Sedegi<br />
(ganmtkiceba<br />
an <strong>da</strong>sja)<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi ganmtkiceba:<br />
studenti<br />
friads iRebs<br />
negatiuri ganmtkiceba:maswavlebeli<br />
ar akritikebs<br />
students<br />
pozitiuri <strong>da</strong>sja:<br />
maswavlebeli avalebs<br />
students<br />
klasis <strong>da</strong>lagebas<br />
gakveTilebis Semdeg<br />
rezultati<br />
mosalodnelia,<br />
rom studenti<br />
momavalSic<br />
kargad imecadinebs<br />
izrdeba imis<br />
albaToba, rom<br />
studenti mxolod<br />
maSin pasuxobs,rodesac<br />
sakuTar<br />
codnaSi iqneba<br />
<strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli<br />
mcirdeba imis<br />
albaToba,<br />
rom studenti<br />
SemdegSic<br />
ilaparakebs<br />
gakveTilebze.
maswavlebeli studentebs<br />
pirdeba,<br />
rom gamocdebis<br />
kargad Cabarebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi monawileobas<br />
miiReben<br />
gamofenaSi<br />
studentebi<br />
cu<strong>da</strong>d abareben<br />
gamocdebs<br />
negatiuri <strong>da</strong>sja:<br />
studentebi ar<br />
Rebuloben gamofenaSi<br />
monawileobas<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi bihevioristuli<br />
Teoriis mixedviT<br />
mcirdeba alba-<br />
Toba imisa, rom<br />
studentebi<br />
SemdgomSic cu<strong>da</strong>d<br />
Caabareben<br />
gamocdebs<br />
bihevioristuli Teoriis mixedviT swavlebis procesSi maswavlebelma<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinos Semdegi:<br />
gazardos <strong>da</strong>debiTi stimulebis raodenoba, sixSire <strong>da</strong><br />
intensioba;<br />
Seamciros negatiuri stimulebis raodenoba, sixSire <strong>da</strong><br />
intensioba;<br />
swavla kargia <strong>da</strong>debiTi ganwyobiT;<br />
swavlisaTvis saWiroa gameoreba <strong>da</strong> maswavleblisa <strong>da</strong> instruqtoris<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n ukukavSiri;<br />
mizanmimarTuli waxalisebisa <strong>da</strong> jarimebis gamoyenebiT<br />
SesaZlebelia qcevis garkveuli saxeobebis <strong>da</strong>swavla;<br />
maswavlebelma <strong>da</strong> saswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> ubiZgos a<strong>da</strong>mians<br />
problemis ga<strong>da</strong>saWrelad mimarTos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qcevas,<br />
ris Semdegac un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>jildovdes swori reaqcia;<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi reagireben gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan <strong>da</strong><br />
uCveulo stimulebze (ix. dominanturi elementebis kanoni)<br />
<strong>da</strong> ara zoga<strong>da</strong>d mTel situaciaze. amitom swavlebis<br />
procesSi maswavlebelma yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> gaamaxvilos<br />
mniSvnelovan (dominantur), aspeqtebze. mag.: mniSvnelovani<br />
aspeqtebis gamoyofa didi SriftiT, feris gamoyeneba,<br />
xSiri gameoreba.<br />
13<br />
swavlis fsiqologiuri Teoriebi
14<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
1. 22.<br />
kognituri Teoriebi<br />
kognituri Toriebis mixedviT swavlis procesSi azrovnebis monawileoba<br />
swavlis process aadvilebs. swavla efeqturia, rac ufro safuZvlianad<br />
xdeba masalis gaazreba <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba.<br />
kognituri Teoriebi warmoadgens konstruqtivistul midgomas.<br />
bihevioristuli Teoriisagan gansxvavebiT konstruqtivizmis TeoriiT<br />
swavlis procesSi aqcenti keTdeba moswavleze, studentze <strong>da</strong><br />
ara mas wavlebelze. moswavle an studenti avtomaturad ki ar pasuxobs<br />
garemo stimulebs <strong>da</strong> am gziT ki ar iZens codnas, aramed<br />
(termini kon struqtivizmi swored<br />
amas miuTiTebs) swavlobs kognituri<br />
aqtivobebis safuZvelze, ra-<br />
Sic igulisxmeba problemaTa ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta,<br />
analizi, sinTezi, Sefaseba,<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxsovreba. saswavlo garemoSi ZiriTadi<br />
aqcenti keTdeba ara swavlebaze,<br />
aramed swavlaze.<br />
konstruqtivizmi eyrdnoba J.pia-<br />
Jes, l. vigotski <strong>da</strong> j.bruneris Teoriebs.<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n, Cveni wigni <strong>profesiul</strong>i<br />
swavlebis maswavleblebisT visaa<br />
gankuTvnili, romelTa auditoriis asaki 15 wlis zeviTaa, amitom<br />
aRniSnul kognitur Teoriebs mokled mimovixilavT. mocemuli Teoriebi<br />
bavSvis ganviTarebis stadiebsa <strong>da</strong> azrovnebis Taviseburebebs<br />
moicavs. vrclad mxolod informaciul models SevexebiT.<br />
Sveicareli fsiqologi Jan piaJe (1896-1980) swavlis procesis mTavar<br />
figurad bavSvs, moswavles miiCnevs. piaJes mosazrebis Tanaxmad<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis ganviTareba aris a<strong>da</strong>ptaciis procesi. a<strong>da</strong>ptaciis umaRlesi<br />
forma ki aris Semecneba. piaJe a<strong>da</strong>ptaciis qveS 2 process moiazrebs:<br />
asimilaciasa <strong>da</strong> akomo<strong>da</strong>cias.<br />
piaJes Teoriis mixedviT, rodesac garemo<strong>da</strong>n miRebuli informacia<br />
bavSvis gamocdilebas Seesabameba, maSin bavSvi Tavisi gamocdilebis<br />
Sesabamisad agrZelebs qcevas anu xdeba asimilacia; aRniSnuli procesiT<br />
xdeba ukve arsebuli Cvevis ganmtkiceba <strong>da</strong> reaqciis avtomatizmamde<br />
<strong>da</strong>yvana; magram, rodesac garemo bavSvisTvis axalia <strong>da</strong> mis<br />
gamocdilebas ar Seesabameba, bavSvi garemo moTxovnebis Sesabamisad<br />
icvlis qcevas anu xdeba akomo<strong>da</strong>cia. ganviTarebis procesisaTvis mniSvelovani<br />
faqtoria balansi akomo<strong>da</strong>ciisa <strong>da</strong> asimilaciis procesebs
Soris. Tu a<strong>da</strong>miani yovel jerze moaxdens reaqciis asimilacias <strong>da</strong><br />
ga naxorcielebs erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave moqmedebas, ver moxdeba axlis <strong>da</strong>swavla.<br />
meore mxriv, Tu a<strong>da</strong>mians sul uwevs garemosTan Tavi<strong>da</strong>n Segueba,<br />
ver moxerxdeba naswavlis ganmtkiceba.<br />
rusi mecnieri lev vigotski (1896-1934) Tavis TeoriaSi ganviTarebis<br />
procesSi centralur rols kulturasa <strong>da</strong> socialur faqtorebs ani-<br />
Webs. sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierTobisas, socialur garemoSi swavlobs<br />
bavSvi imas, rasac sazogadoeba saukuneebis manZilze agrovebs. kulturis<br />
gavleniT viTardeba logikuri azrovneba, problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris<br />
unari, ena. swored kultura gansazRvravs, Tu ra un<strong>da</strong> viswavloT <strong>da</strong><br />
ganviTarebis ra dones un<strong>da</strong> mivaRwioT. socialurad misaRebi qceva<br />
Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan xdeba a<strong>da</strong>mianisTvisac misaRebi. vigotskis mixedviT swavla<br />
win uZRvis kognitur ganviTarebas anu Cven jer vswavlobT <strong>da</strong> Semdeg<br />
amis safuZvelze vviTardebiT.<br />
vigotski ganasxvavebs ganviTarebis aqtualur <strong>da</strong> uaxloes zonas:<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs unari gaakeTos raime sxvisi <strong>da</strong>xmarebis gareSe – es aris<br />
misi ganviTarebis aqtualuri zona. mag.: a<strong>da</strong>mians SeuZlia TavisiT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukideblad ga<strong>da</strong>Wras garkveuli sirTulis amocana. uaxloesi ganviTarebis<br />
zona aris a<strong>da</strong>mianis unari gaakeTos raime sxvisi <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT.<br />
swored am etapze aris saWiro a<strong>da</strong>mianis sxva, ufro gamocdil<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierToba; uaxloesi ganviTarebis zona aris potenciali,<br />
romelic stimulirebas saWiroebs, risi funqciac ojaxma <strong>da</strong><br />
maswavleblebma un<strong>da</strong> Seasrulon.<br />
jerom bruneris (1915 – ) Teorias `swavla aRmoCenis gziT~ uwodeben.<br />
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani mocemul TeoriaSi aris is faqti,<br />
rom maswavlebeli naklebad gamodis xelmZRvanlis rolSi. a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
aqtiura<strong>da</strong>a CarTuli swavlebis procesSi, Tavad amuSavebs informacias<br />
<strong>da</strong> arsebuli codnis safuZvelze ayalibebs axal koncefciebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> ideebs.<br />
bruneris TeoriaSi a<strong>da</strong>miani TviTon ayalibebs realobis versiebs,<br />
iRebs ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas, gamoaqvs azri. amitom bruneris mosazrebiT<br />
saswavleblis funqcia aris pirobebis Seqmna, raTa a<strong>da</strong>mianma <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
aRmoaCinos garemos kanonzomierebebi <strong>da</strong> mimarTebebi.<br />
Sesabamisad, maswavleblis funqcia SemdegSi gamoixateba: amocanisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sakiTxis formulireba <strong>da</strong> axsna; magaliTebis moyvana; <strong>da</strong>kvirvebebze<br />
<strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT hipoTezebis Camoyalibeba; hipoTezebis <strong>da</strong>samtkiceblad<br />
an uarsayofad testebis, eqsperimentebis momzadeba <strong>da</strong> Catareba;<br />
axali informaciis ganzogadeba, misi gamoyenebis SesaZlo variantebis<br />
formulireba.<br />
15<br />
swavlis fsiqologiuri Teoriebi
16<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
warmogidgenT konstruqciuli swavlebis martiv magaliTs:<br />
situacia: studentebi swavloben mSeneblobisaTvis duRabis momzadebas<br />
maswavlebeli: iciT, duRabis <strong>da</strong>mzadebisas ratom iyeneben Semkvrel<br />
niv Tierebebs? ra kavSiri aqvs amas SenebasTan?<br />
ras fiqrobT, rogor un<strong>da</strong> vipovoT pasuxi kiTxvaze?<br />
studentebi: CavataroT c<strong>da</strong>, vawarmooT <strong>da</strong>kvirveba.<br />
maswavlebeli studentebs aZlevs mimarTulebas: mniSvnelovania is, rom<br />
duRabis <strong>da</strong>mzadebisas aucilebelia wylis gamoyenebac.<br />
studentebs eZlevaT <strong>da</strong>valeba ganaxorcielon praqtikuli <strong>da</strong>kvirvebebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> Seagrovon faqtebi. meore leqciaze studentebi ganazogadeben TavianT<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirvebebs.<br />
sabolod studentebs gamoaqvT <strong>da</strong>skvna, rom duRabis <strong>da</strong>mzadebisas imitom<br />
iyeneben Semkvrel nivTierebebs, rom wyalTan Serevisas Semkvreli<br />
nivTierebebi fizikur-qimiuri procesebis zemoqmedebiT Txevadi mdgomareobi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>dian myar mdgomareobaSi. amdenad, duRabis <strong>da</strong>mzadebisas<br />
swored Semkvreli nivTierebebis safuZvelze xdeba SesaZlebeli Seneba.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi kognituri Teoriebis mixedviT:<br />
maswavlebelma students un<strong>da</strong> Seuqmnas fizikuri <strong>da</strong> inteleqtualuri<br />
aqtivobis ganxorcielebis pirobebi;<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong>s <strong>da</strong>culi un<strong>da</strong> iyos balansi axal <strong>da</strong> Zvel masalas<br />
Soris. <strong>da</strong>valeba un<strong>da</strong> iyos studentebisaTvis gasagebi, Seesatyvisebodes<br />
misi codnis dones (asimilaciis procesi) <strong>da</strong> Tan<br />
moicavdes garkveul siaxles, risi <strong>da</strong>uflebac un<strong>da</strong> moxdes<br />
(akomo<strong>da</strong>ciis procesi);<br />
saswavlo programaSi un<strong>da</strong> moiazrebodes studentisa <strong>da</strong> maswavleblis<br />
aqtiuri urTierTobis aucilebloba;<br />
maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> icodes studentis codnis realuri done,<br />
raTa optimalurad <strong>da</strong>gegmos swavlebis procesi;<br />
swavlebis procesis efeqturobisaTvis saWiroa studentebis<br />
aqtivacia, is un<strong>da</strong> iyos swavlebis procesis aqtiuri monawile;<br />
studentis aqtivoba maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> mimarTos garkveuli<br />
mimarTulebiT. swavlebis procesi moicavs TanamSromlobas<br />
studentsa <strong>da</strong> maswavlebels Soris;<br />
aucilebelia studentebis individualuri Taviseburebebis<br />
gaTvaliswineba.
informaciuli modeli<br />
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani kognituri Teoria aris informaciuli mo<br />
-<br />
deli. mocemuli Teoriis warmomadgenlebi a<strong>da</strong>mianis SemecnebiTi pro -<br />
cesebis muSaobas kompiuteris funqcionirebas a<strong>da</strong>reben. a<strong>da</strong>mianis tvini<br />
kompiuteris msgavsad iRebs informacias, awesrigebs, inaxavs <strong>da</strong> sa-<br />
Wiro dros iyenebs mas. es modeli atkinsonisa <strong>da</strong> Sifrinis (Atkinson&<br />
Shiffrin, 1968) mier aris SemuSavebuli <strong>da</strong> mexsierebis mravalkomponentian<br />
modela<strong>da</strong>c moixsenieba.<br />
informaciuli modeli 3 komponentisagan Sedgeba.<br />
pirveli komponenti codnis sacavia. aq inaxeba garemo<strong>da</strong>n sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
dros miRebuli informacia <strong>da</strong> asociaciebi.<br />
meore komponentSi xdeba garemo<strong>da</strong>n miRebuli informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>maxsovreba; xolo Semdeg saWiro dros misi amotana <strong>da</strong><br />
gamoyeneba.<br />
mesame komponenti aris a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
mier sakuTari Tavis ganc<strong>da</strong>, rogorc<br />
Semecnebis subieqtis. am komponents<br />
metaSemecneba ewodeba.<br />
mexsierebis mravalkomponentiani<br />
mo delis Tanaxmad arsebobs Semdegi<br />
tipis mexsiereba: sensoruli mexsiereba,<br />
xanmokle anu muSa mex siereba<br />
<strong>da</strong> xangrZlivi mexsiereba.<br />
sensoruli mexsiereba mexsie rebis<br />
pirveli etapia. sensorul mexsierebaSi<br />
inaxeba SegrZnebebi: mxedvelobiTi, smeniTi, Sexebis. aq Semosuli<br />
masala aracnobieria <strong>da</strong> xanmokle drois ganmavlobaSi rCeba<br />
mexsierebaSi.<br />
xanmokle mexsiereba aris mexsierebis tipi, romelic masalas ramodenime<br />
wamis ganmavlobaSi inaxavs. am etapze masala advilad ikargeba<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva faqtoris gavleniT. mag.: Tanakursels vTxovT telefonis<br />
nomers. sanam nomers viniSnavT, is gvaxsovs, magram mogvianebiT<br />
SeiZleba veRar gavixsenoT.<br />
xangrZlivi mexsiereba – mexsierebis tipia, sa<strong>da</strong>c masalis xSiri gameorebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebis Semdeg xdeba informaciis Senaxva <strong>da</strong> aRdgena<br />
xangrZlivi drois manZilze – Tveebi, wlebi, kvirebi. mag.: Cven<br />
xangrZliv mexsierebaSi vinaxavT faqtebs, codnas, Teoriebs, <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
17<br />
swavlis fsiqologiuri Teoriebi
18<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
cxrili 1.2 mexsierebis tipebi<br />
moqmedebis<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
sensoruli xanmokle xangrZlivi<br />
1 wamze<br />
naklebi<br />
20 wamamde SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>vi<br />
stabiluroba myisieri iolad ikargeba garemos<br />
zegavleniT<br />
mdgradi<br />
moculoba SezRuduli SezRuduli (7±2) SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>vi<br />
zogadi <strong>da</strong>xasiaTeba<br />
momentaluri,<br />
aracnobieri<br />
STabeWdileba<br />
aqtiuri, informaciis<br />
Senaxva SesaZlebelia<br />
gameorebis xarjze.<br />
codnis baza:<br />
asociaciuri,<br />
pasiuri, ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebisrezultati.<br />
xanmokle mexsierebis moculoba SezRudulia. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d mozardi <strong>da</strong><br />
mozrdili asakis a<strong>da</strong>mianebi imaxsovreben 6-<strong>da</strong>n 9 erTeulamde (sityvas,<br />
ricxvs) anu saSualod 7 erTeuls. am Taviseburebis gaTvaliswineba<br />
aucilebelia swavlebis procesSi. aris SemTxvevebi, roca students<br />
saTanadod ar aqvs ganviTarebuli xanmokle mexsiereba. aseT SemTxvevaSi<br />
maswavlebels SeuZlia Semdeg gzas mimarTos: an mcire moculobis<br />
informacia miawodos students, an didi moculobis masala ise<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>astruqturos, rom <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 6-9 erTeulis farglebSi Caetios,<br />
an izrunos misi mexsierebis ganviTarebaze. masalis xSiri gameorebiT<br />
SesaZlebelia xanmokle mexsierebis gavarjiSeba.<br />
xangrZlivi mexsiereba Seicavs informacias, romelic Cven gvaqvs<br />
samyaros Sesaxeb. informacia xangrZliv mexsierebaSi ufro <strong>da</strong>culia<br />
xanmokle mexsierebisagan gansxvavebiT, sa<strong>da</strong>c informacia garemos<br />
zegavleniT iolad SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>maxinjdes <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ikargos. Tu a<strong>da</strong>mians<br />
aqvs informacia, rom safrangeTis de<strong>da</strong>qalaqi parizia, mas es ecodineba<br />
meore dResac <strong>da</strong> mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSic. xanmokle mexsierebis<br />
sacavi<strong>da</strong>n informaciis xangrZlivi mexsierebis sacavSi ga<strong>da</strong>satanad<br />
saWiroa masalis gameoreba, informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba, azris gamotana,<br />
Zvel naswavl masalasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSireba <strong>da</strong> a.S.
pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n saswavleblis <strong>da</strong> maswavleblis funqcia aris studentisaTvis<br />
sakmaod didi moculobis codnis ga<strong>da</strong>cema, swavlebis<br />
procesi xangrZliv mexsierebaze un<strong>da</strong> iyos orientirebuli.<br />
xangrZliv mexsierebaSi rCeba is masala, romelic ufro efeqturad<br />
iyo <strong>da</strong>swavlili, amitom saswavlo masala un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
saintereso, TvalsaCino, cxovrebiseuli.<br />
SemogTavazebT or magaliTs saswavlo garemo<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
magaliTi<br />
maswavlebeli xsnis sadenebisa <strong>da</strong> kabelebis gayvanas foladisa <strong>da</strong><br />
plastmasis milebSi.<br />
maswavlebeli studentebs uxsnis, rom milebSi gahyavT aluminisa <strong>da</strong><br />
spilenZis ZarRviani sadenebi <strong>da</strong> kabelebi kveTiT 2,5kv.mm; is ixilavs<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva SemTxvevas: sadenebisa <strong>da</strong> kabelebis gayvana nestian SenobebSi,<br />
qimiurad aqtiur, feTqebad-saSiS garemoSi.<br />
maswavlebeli xsnis teqnologiuri operaciebis Tanamimdevrobas:<br />
1. saproeqto dokumentaciis Seswavla;<br />
2. instrumentebisa <strong>da</strong> masalebis SerCeva <strong>da</strong> momzadeba;<br />
3. sadenebisa <strong>da</strong> kabelebis momzadeba <strong>da</strong> gayvana.<br />
meore tipis gakveTili:<br />
maswavlebeli xsnis imave sakiTxs. maswavlebeli axdens demonstrirebas,<br />
rom milebSi gahyavT aluminisa <strong>da</strong> spilenZis ZarRviani sadene bi<br />
<strong>da</strong> kabelebi kveTiT 2,5kv.mm; yvela students uCvenebs sadenis formasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> zomas.<br />
maswavlebeli ganixilavs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva SemTxvevas: sadenebis gayvana<br />
nes tian <strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebiT nestian SenobebSi. maswavlebeli studntebs<br />
sTxovs gaixsenon, rogor aris maT binaSi an saxlSi gayvanili sadenebi,<br />
ra masalisagan aris <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli, aris Tu ara <strong>da</strong>culi yvela<br />
usafr Txoebis zoma, gansakuTrebiT im adgilebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c sineste maRalia,<br />
mag.: abazanaSi; studentebTan erTad ganixilavs, rogor SeiZleba<br />
maqsimaluri usafrTxobis zomebis <strong>da</strong>cva.<br />
Semdeg maTi yuradReba ga<strong>da</strong>aqvs ekranze sa<strong>da</strong>c sqematurad aris mo-<br />
19<br />
swavlis fsiqologiuri Teoriebi
20<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
cemuli teqnologiuri operaciebis Tanamimdvroba. sqemebs Tan axlavs<br />
mokle ganmartebebi.<br />
albaT <strong>da</strong>gveTanxmebiT, rom meore tipis leqciaze ufro efeqturad<br />
moxdeba masalis aTviseba. maswavleblis qceva iwvevs studentebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>interesebas. ganxiluli magaliTi cxovrebiseulia, gamoiyeneba<br />
TvalsaCino masala. aseT leqciaze studentebi ufro aqtiurebi iqnebian<br />
<strong>da</strong> ukeT <strong>da</strong>imaxsovreben masalas, vidre pirvel leqciaze.<br />
ratom viviwyebT? vinai<strong>da</strong>n swavlebis procesi xangrZliv mexsierebazea<br />
orientirebuli, maswavleblisTvis sasargeblo iqneba codna<br />
imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom xdeba <strong>da</strong>viwyeba. amiT maswavlebels miecema<br />
sa Sualeba swavlebis <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>da</strong>gegmos ise, rom Seamciros saWiro<br />
masalis <strong>da</strong>viwyeba.<br />
rogorc wesi, iolad gvaviwydeba masala, romlis xSiri gamoyeneba<br />
<strong>da</strong> gaxsenebac ar xdeba. amas Caqrobas uwodeben; Tu me dRes movismine<br />
amindis prognozSi, rom Tovlis safarveli dReisaTvis 15 santimetria,<br />
<strong>da</strong> Semdeg es informacia aRaravin Semaxsena, namdvilad ar<br />
memaxsovreba erTi wlis Semdeg.<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxinjeba – masala, romlis xSiri gaxseneba ar xdeba, magram<br />
mTlianad ar gamqrala mexsierebi<strong>da</strong>n, SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>maxinjdes an airios<br />
sxva mogonebebTan. aseT SemTxvevaSi informacias arasworad, fragmentulad<br />
vixsenebT. amitom maswavlebelma axsnis dros xazi un<strong>da</strong> gausvas<br />
mniSvnelovan <strong>da</strong> gamokveTil aspeqtebs, romlis <strong>da</strong>maxsovreba <strong>da</strong><br />
aRdgena ufro advilia.<br />
gandevna – arsebobs mosazreba, rom a<strong>da</strong>miani iviwyebs TavisTvis usiamovno<br />
movlenebs. mocemuli fenomeni ganxilulia zigmund froidis<br />
(1856-1939) TeoriaSi, usiamovno <strong>da</strong> matravmirebeli mogonebebi idevneba<br />
cnobierebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> ileqeba fsiqikis aracnobier nawilSi.<br />
amasTanave, SeiZleba Zvelma naswavlma masalam axlad aTvisebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>C rdilos. maswavlebels zogjer uWirs axali studentebis saxelebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> gvarebis <strong>da</strong>maxsovreba <strong>da</strong> maT Zveli moswavlis saxeliT mimar-<br />
Tavs, gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu msgavsebac saxezea. aseT SemTxvevas<br />
pro aqtiuri Seferxeba ewodeba. analogiurad, rodesac maswavlebeli<br />
<strong>da</strong>imaxsovrebs axali studentebis gvarebs, SesaZloa sirTule Zveli<br />
studentebis gvarebis gaxsenebisas Seeqmnas. am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs<br />
retroaqtiur SeferxebasTan.<br />
masalis axsnisas mniSvnelovania, rom xazi gaesvas axali masalis kavSirs<br />
adre aTvisebul masalasTan.
mniSvnelovani (mosaWidi) aspeqtebis amotanis problema – fsiqo<br />
logebi miiCneven, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi <strong>da</strong>viwyebulad migvaCnia is<br />
informacia, romlis amotanac gviWirs mexsierebi<strong>da</strong>n. zogjer miRebuli<br />
informacii<strong>da</strong>n SegviZlia mxolod warsuli gamocdilebis aRdgena.<br />
aseT SemTxvevaSi gaxseneba xdeba ara calkeuli detalebis, aramed ZiriTadi<br />
arsis. amitom swavlebis procesSi aqcenti un<strong>da</strong> gakeTdes mniSvnelovan,<br />
xelmosaWid detalebze, risi wyalobiTac moxdeba ara mxolod<br />
zogadi informaciis, aramed calkeuli detalebis gaxseneba.<br />
1. 33.<br />
socialur-kognituri Teoria<br />
Cven xSirad vswavlobT ara sakuTari gamocdilebis safuZvelze, aramed<br />
sxvebze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi mibaZvis gziT; mocemul process <strong>da</strong>kvirvebiT,<br />
mibaZvis gziT <strong>da</strong>swavlasac uwodeben. swored <strong>da</strong>kvirvebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mibaZvis gziT xdeba metyvelebis maneris, Cacmisa Tu varcxnilobis<br />
stilis, <strong>da</strong> a.S. <strong>da</strong>mkvidreba, mocemuli kulturisaTvis misaRebi qcevebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>swavla. es Teoria albert banduram (1925-1988) Camoayaliba;<br />
mas socialur – kognituri Teoria ewodeba, vinai<strong>da</strong>n is warmoadgens<br />
SemaerTebel rgols biheviorizmsa <strong>da</strong> kognitur midgomas Soris.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mians, romelsac akvirdebian models uwodeben, xolo modelze<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirvebis gziT garkveuli moqmedebebis an qcevis aTvisebis process<br />
modelirebas uwodeben. Tu qcevas, romelsac a<strong>da</strong>miani akvirdeba,<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi Sedegi mohyveba, <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mini moelis, rom mis SemTxvevaSic<br />
aseTi Sedegi iqneba, izrdeba am qcevis Sesrulebis albaToba <strong>da</strong> piriqiT.<br />
modeli SeiZleba iyos realuri a<strong>da</strong>miani, an filmis, nawarmoebis<br />
personaJi, istoriuli gmiri, warmosaxuli a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
banduras Teoriis mixedviT <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis gziT <strong>da</strong>swavlaSi oTxi procesia<br />
CarTuli: yuradReba, Senaxva, motoruli reproduqcia (anu<br />
qcevis gameoreba) <strong>da</strong> motivaciuri procesebi.<br />
yuradReba – bunebrivia, rom gagviWirdeba raimis swavla, Tu yuradRebas<br />
ar mivaqcevT im qcevas, romlis aTvisebac gvin<strong>da</strong>. mag.: a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
SeiZleba bevrjer Seswrebia xaWapuris cxobis process, magram<br />
SesaZloa <strong>da</strong>moukideblad ver gaakeTos, Tu qceva misTvis imdenad<br />
mniSvnelovani ar iyo, rom masze yuradReba gaemaxvilebina.<br />
Senaxvis procesi – Tu Cven gvin<strong>da</strong> raime qcevis <strong>da</strong>swavla, gar<strong>da</strong><br />
imisa, rom masze yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> gavamaxviloT, un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vimaxsovroT<br />
kidec is, rasac vakvirdebodiT.<br />
21<br />
swavlis fsiqologiuri Teoriebi
22<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
albert banduras Tanaxmad, swavla vizualurisa (rasac vxe<strong>da</strong>vT) <strong>da</strong><br />
verbaluris (rasac vismenT) aRqmis sinTezia. rTuli qcevis <strong>da</strong>uflebisas<br />
mniSvnelovania mocemul qcevaze ara mxolod <strong>da</strong>kvirveba <strong>da</strong> moqmedebaTa<br />
Tanmimdevrobis <strong>da</strong>maxsovreba, aramed instruqciisa Tu<br />
miTiTebebis kargad mosmena <strong>da</strong> gageba. simaRli<strong>da</strong>n xtomisa <strong>da</strong> curvis<br />
swavlisas Turme kargi rezultati miiRweva maSin, rodesac a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
iTvaliswinebs instruqtoris instruqciebs <strong>da</strong> uSualod Sesrulebamde<br />
xdeba qcevis modelis warmodgena gonebaSi.<br />
motoruli reproduqcia (anu qcevis gameoreba) – gulisxmobs gonebaSi<br />
warmodgenili qcevis moqmedebaSi ga<strong>da</strong>tanas. moqmedebis warmatebiT<br />
Sesruleba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia Tan<strong>da</strong>yolil unarsa <strong>da</strong> gavarjiSebaze.<br />
zog a<strong>da</strong>mians ufro metad exerxeba raimes keTeba, vidre sxvebs. aseve,<br />
rac ufro kargad aris a<strong>da</strong>miani gavarjiSebuli raimes keTebaSi, miT<br />
ufro zustia misi moqmedeba.<br />
motivacia – imisaTvis, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianma modelirebis gziT raime iswavlos,<br />
is motivirebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos amisaTvis; misTvis raime mizezis gamo<br />
es qceva un<strong>da</strong> iyos sasurveli. motivacia ufro farTod ganxilulia<br />
me-3 TavSi.<br />
banduras Teoriis upiratesoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Teoria Si<br />
centraluri adgili ar ukavia asociaciur kavSirebsa <strong>da</strong> cdisa <strong>da</strong><br />
Secdomis meTods. mocemuli Teoriis Tanaxmad, aravin miandobs axalbe<strong>da</strong><br />
mZRols saWes <strong>da</strong> ar aswavlis marTvas cdisa <strong>da</strong> Secdomis<br />
me TodiT. avtomobilis tarebis <strong>swavlebisa</strong>s gamarTlebulia marTvis<br />
inst ruqciebis (nabeWdi <strong>da</strong> zepiri saxiT) miwodeba, magaliTze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis<br />
gziT axsna.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi socialur-kognituri<br />
Teoriis mixedviT<br />
maswavlebelma swavlebis procesSi un<strong>da</strong> marTos studentebis<br />
yu radRebis, Senaxvis, motoruli reproduqciisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> motivaci is procesebi.
1. 44.<br />
humanisturi midgoma<br />
humanisturi fsiqologia swavlobs a<strong>da</strong>mianis unikalobasa <strong>da</strong> `me~-s<br />
formirebas. mocemuli Teoriis mniSvnelovani warmomadgenlebi arian<br />
karl rojersi (1902-1987) <strong>da</strong> abraam maslou (1908-1970).<br />
swavlebis humanisturi midgoma eyrdnoba konstruqtivizms <strong>da</strong> (koncentrirebulia<br />
moswavleze, studentze) swavlebis procesSi did mniSvnelobas<br />
aniWebs moswavlis individualur stils, pirovnebis harmoniul<br />
ganviTarebasa <strong>da</strong> faseulobaTa formirebas; es Teoria aqcents<br />
ake Tebs a<strong>da</strong>mianis warmatebebze <strong>da</strong> ara warumateblobaze.<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n Teoria swavlis procesSi pirovnul gansxvavebebs aniWebs<br />
mniSvnelovan rols, amitom Teoriis mimdevrebi maswavleblebs urCeven<br />
swavlebis procesSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formis gamoyenebas: leqciis, diskusiis,<br />
proeqtebis prezentaciis, TamaSebis, distanciuri mecadineobebis.<br />
Semdeg TavebSi araerTxel SevxvdebiT individualuri gansxvavebebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebis, <strong>da</strong> amdenad, humanisturi midgomis mniSvnelobas swavlebis<br />
procesSi.<br />
aSS-Si Catar<strong>da</strong> kvleva skolebze, romlebic swavlebis humanistur<br />
formas iyenebdnen; aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom aseTi skolebis moswavleebi gamoirCeodnen<br />
maRali TviTSefasebiT, SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
TanamSromlobis unariT.<br />
23<br />
swavlis fsiqologiuri Teoriebi
24<br />
yvela a<strong>da</strong>miani erTnairad ar swavlobs; amas araerTi kvleva <strong>da</strong> mec -<br />
nieri amtkicebs. amasve a<strong>da</strong>sturebs maswavleblebisa <strong>da</strong> moswavleebis,<br />
studentebis yoveldRiuri gamocdileba; swavlaze gavlenas axdens<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis kognituri SesaZlebloba, gamocdileba <strong>da</strong> interesebi.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi gansxvavebulad aRiqvamen, ga<strong>da</strong>amuSaveben <strong>da</strong> imaxsovreben<br />
informacias; amas swavlis stils uwodeben; es imas ki ar niSnavs,<br />
rom a<strong>da</strong>mians mxolod am stiliT SeuZlia swavla, aramed imas, rom am<br />
stiliT swavla misTvis yvelaze advilia <strong>da</strong> mosaxerxebeli.<br />
swavlebis dros stan<strong>da</strong>rtuli midgoma yvela studentisadmi yvela<br />
situaciaSi sul ufro araefeqturi xdeba; Tanamedrove swavleba<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis individualur SesaZleblobebzea orientirebuli; swavlebis<br />
procesi im<strong>da</strong>gvarad un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>igegmos, rom yvela students hqondes<br />
sak uTari potencialis ganviTarebis saSualeba.<br />
es fotoebi kargad gamoxataven a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris individualur gansxvavebas.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva a<strong>da</strong>miani sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvanairad xe<strong>da</strong>vs<br />
am fotoebs yvela maTgani sworia.<br />
ras xe<strong>da</strong>vT am suraTze?<br />
individualuri gansxvavebebi<br />
swavlis procesSi<br />
profils Tu eskimoss? axalgazr<strong>da</strong> Tu xan<strong>da</strong>zmul a<strong>da</strong>mians?<br />
am TavSi ganvixilavT 3 mniSvnelovan sakiTxs, rac swavlis proces-<br />
Si individualuri gansxvavebebis gaTvaliswinebaSi <strong>da</strong>gvexmareba; esenia:<br />
swavlis sensoruli stili, informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba <strong>da</strong> mravalmxrivi<br />
inteleqti.
2. 11.<br />
swavlis sensoruli stili:<br />
vizualuri, audialuri <strong>da</strong> kinesTetikuri<br />
informacias samyaro<strong>da</strong>n aRqmiT viRebT. Cven vxe<strong>da</strong>vT sagnebs <strong>da</strong><br />
mov lenebs, gvesmis saubari <strong>da</strong> sityvebi, SevigrZnobT temperaturas <strong>da</strong><br />
a.S. saerTod, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva situaciaSi gansxvavebuli tipis informaciis<br />
miRebaa saWiro, Tumca rogorc cnobilia, a<strong>da</strong>mianebi ukeT aRiqvamen<br />
<strong>da</strong> imaxsovreben erTi romelime tipis informacias anu a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />
umetesobas informaciis miRebis erTi dominanturi stili aqvs. gamoyofen<br />
vizualuri, audialuri <strong>da</strong> kinesTetikuri stilis a<strong>da</strong>mianebs.<br />
vizualuri stilis a<strong>da</strong>mianebs uadvildebaT axali informaciis vizualurad<br />
miReba – suraTebiT, diagramebiT, cxrilebiT; maT urCevniaT<br />
saswavlo masalas xe<strong>da</strong>vdnen, vidre ismendnen an raimes akeTebdnen.<br />
saklaso garemoSi maTTvis yvelaze efeqturi vizualuri masalebis<br />
gamoyenebaa.<br />
audialuri stilis a<strong>da</strong>mianebs urCevniaT masala moisminon; isini<br />
ukeT imaxsovreben saubars, diskusias, dialogebs; maT aseTi saxiT<br />
miRebuli masalis gaxsenebac uadvildebaT. aseTi a<strong>da</strong>mianebisaTvis<br />
yvelaze efeqturi swavlis procesSi leqciebis mosmena, diskusiebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> seminarebSi monawileobis miRebaa.<br />
kinesTetikuri stilis a<strong>da</strong>mianebs uadvildebaT swavla, rodesac<br />
raimes akeTeben, Wrian, ageben, awyoben an asruleben rolebs. maT<br />
ur CevniaT informacia ga<strong>da</strong>amuSavon moZraobiTa <strong>da</strong> demonstrirebiT.<br />
aseTi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi saklaso garemoSi yvelaze advilad maSin swavloben,<br />
rodesac isini fizikurad aqtiurebi arian.<br />
kvlevebma aCvena, rom klasisa <strong>da</strong> saswavlo kursisagan <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
(Rockville, Maryland) studentebis 29%-Si vizualuri stili dominirebs,<br />
34%-Si – audialuri, xolo 37%-Si – kinesTetikuri.<br />
cxadia, Znelia swavlis procesSi yvela students misTvis sasurveli<br />
saxiT mivawodoT informacia, Tumca maswavlebelma swavlis procesi<br />
ise un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gegmos, rom saswavlo masala yvelasaTvis advilad<br />
aRqmadi iyos. amis gamo rekomendebulia swavlebis mravalferovani,<br />
kombinirebuli <strong>meTodebi</strong>s gamoyeneba, rac yvela students met-naklebad<br />
aqtiurs gaxdis – saintereso vizualuri masalebis gamoyeneba,<br />
multimedia, gasagebi <strong>da</strong> saintereso argumentebi, studentebis CarTva<br />
diskusiaSi, demonstrirebis <strong>da</strong> simulaciebis gamoyeneba, roluri<br />
TamaSebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
25<br />
individualuri gansxvavebebi swavlis procesSi
26<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
2. 22.<br />
informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba<br />
Cven ara mxolod informacias viRebT samyaro<strong>da</strong>n, aramed vawesrigebT,<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>vamuSavebT <strong>da</strong> vinaxavT mas, raTa SemdgomSi saWiro dros<br />
<strong>da</strong> adgilas gamoviyenoT; mecnierebis azriT, (Regorc, 1987) a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />
amas gansxvavebulad akeTeben; zogi ufro sistematurad <strong>da</strong> mowesrigebulad,<br />
zogi ki ufro araorgnizebulad, mouwesrigeblad.<br />
gamoyofen or ganzomilebas: aRqmisa <strong>da</strong> informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebis.<br />
aRqmis mixedviT ganasxvaveben konkretuli <strong>da</strong> abstraqtuli aRqmis<br />
stilis a<strong>da</strong>mianebs, xolo informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebis mixedviT – organizebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> araorganizebuli stilis a<strong>da</strong>mianebs.<br />
konkretuli aRqmis a<strong>da</strong>mianebi metad koncentrirebulebi arian<br />
fizikur realobaze, rasac xe<strong>da</strong>ven, grZnoben, esmiT, ynosaven <strong>da</strong> exebian;<br />
aseTi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi obieqturebi arian, maT swavlisas sWirdebaT<br />
raime xelSesaxebi <strong>da</strong> realuri informacia, rasac SeigrZnoben <strong>da</strong> aRiqvamen.<br />
abstraqtuli aRqmis a<strong>da</strong>mianebisTvis, piriqiT, ufro mniSvnelovania<br />
ganzogadebuli azrebi, warmodgenebi, Teoriebi, principebi. isini<br />
metad subieqturebi arian, vidre obieqturebi. isini Teoriebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
koncefciebis samyaroSi cxovroben. maT swavlis procesSi Teoriebis,<br />
zogadi principebis codna esaWiroebaT.<br />
informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba, rogorc sityva miuTiTebs, niSnavs informaciis<br />
mowesrigebas, ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebas <strong>da</strong> Senaxvas. organizebuli stilis<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi informacias sistematiurad <strong>da</strong> Tanamimdevrulad awesrigeben;<br />
isini logikurebi <strong>da</strong> zustebi arian. maT axasiaTebT sworxazovani,<br />
kargad mowesrigebuli, logikuri azrovneba. swavlis procesSi maT<br />
uyvarT sizuste <strong>da</strong> garkveuloba.<br />
maTgan gansxvavebiT, araorganizebuli stilis a<strong>da</strong>mianebi mentalurad<br />
qaoturebi arian. isini ufro intuiturebi arian azrovnebaSi,<br />
ma salis <strong>da</strong>maxsovrebaSi, vidre logikurebi. maT ufro uadvildebaT<br />
mov lenis erTianobaSi warmodgena <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>naxva, vidre movlenis Semadgeneli<br />
calkeuli nawilebis aRqma. swavlis procesSi maT ar uyvarT<br />
CarCoebi <strong>da</strong> wesebi.<br />
am ori ganzomilebis mixedviT gamoyofen 4 tipis a<strong>da</strong>mians: konkretuli<br />
araorganizebuli, konkretuli organizebuli, abstraqtuli<br />
araorganizebuli <strong>da</strong> abstraqtuli organizebuli.
yvela a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs oTxive stili, Tumca a<strong>da</strong>mianebis umetesobas romelime<br />
maTgani ufro dominanturi aqvs.<br />
es modeli Zalian kargad gamoxatavs a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris gansxvavebas.<br />
mag, konkretuli <strong>da</strong> organizebuli tipis studentebs ufro uadvildebaT<br />
swavla, rodesac masala <strong>da</strong> swavlis procesi kargad aris struqturirebuli,<br />
aqvT detaluri instruqciebi, kargad gansazRvruli wesebi,<br />
mokle, magram mkafiod formulirebuli amocanebi; gamokveTili<br />
abstraqtuli <strong>da</strong> araorganizebuli tipis studentebs, mag.: swavla ur-<br />
CeviaT arastruqturirebul jgufur garemoSi, uyvarT saubari, msjeloba,<br />
go nebrivi ieriSiT axali ideebis Segroveba, Tavisufleba saswavlo<br />
situaciaSi.<br />
cxrilSi 2.1 mocemulia oTxive stilis mokle aRwera.<br />
cxrili 2.1. informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebis tipebi<br />
abstraqtuli organizebuli konkretuli organizebuli<br />
kiTxva, msjeloba,<br />
diskusiaSi CarTva,<br />
axali ideebi, codnis<br />
SeZena, logika,<br />
testebi, hipoTezebis<br />
Camoyalibeba,<br />
gonebrivi savarji-<br />
Soebi, kvleva<br />
analizi, Sefaseba<br />
leqciebis<br />
mosmena, akademiuri<br />
saqmianoba,<br />
kvleva, filosofia,obieqturoba,intleqtualurisaqmianoba,<br />
wesrigi<br />
magaliTebi, monacemebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> ricxvebi,<br />
diagramebi,<br />
kompiuteri, realuri<br />
gamocdileba,<br />
rukebi, mok le<br />
instruqciebi<br />
wesebi, gegmebi,<br />
meTodologia,<br />
savele gasvlebi,<br />
wesrigi, konkretika<br />
konkretuli araorganizebuli abstraqtuli araorganizebuli<br />
problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wra,<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukidebloba,<br />
arCevanis gakeTeba,<br />
Ria-SekiTxvebi,<br />
suraTebi/ara detalebi,originaloba,<br />
naklebi<br />
SezRudvebi, riski,<br />
bevri resursebi<br />
sakuTari ganrigi,<br />
eqsperimentebi,<br />
SemoqmedebiToba,<br />
gamowvevebi, TamaSebi,moqniloba,<br />
jgufuri muSaoba,<br />
sakuTari mosazrebebis<br />
qona, vizualizacia,moZraoba,<br />
iumori, intuicia,<br />
emociebi<br />
TviTgamoxatva,<br />
TanamSromloba<br />
warmodgena, Ria-<br />
SekiTxvebi, ganxilvebi,<br />
drama,<br />
media, fantazia,<br />
poezia, arasworxazovneba,<br />
spontanuroba,<br />
subieqturoba,<br />
TanamSromloba<br />
27<br />
individualuri gansxvavebebi swavlis procesSi
28<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
2. 33.<br />
inteleqti<br />
inteleqtis Seswavlas xangrZlivi istoria aqvs; galtoni, bine,<br />
ster ni iyvnen is a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebmac pirvelad scades inteleqtis<br />
ga zomva. inteleqti moiazrebo<strong>da</strong> rogorc a<strong>da</strong>mianis unari, ga<strong>da</strong>eWra<br />
axali amocana an Seeqmna produqti, romelic mocemuli kulturisaTvis<br />
Rirebuli iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. dReisaTvis inteleqtis Sesaxeb warmodgena<br />
Seicvala; inteleqti ganixileba ara rogorc unari, romlis `gazomva~<br />
SeiZleba, aramed potenciali, romelic SesaZlebelia ganviTardes imis<br />
mixedviT Tu ra aris mocemul kulturaSi miCneuli Rirebulad, ra<br />
SesaZleblobebi eZleva a<strong>da</strong>mians <strong>da</strong> rogori garemo aqvs. metic, dReisaTvis<br />
saubroben ara erTi saxis fiqsirebul inteleqtze, romelic<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs an ara aqvs, aramed mravalmxriv inteleqtze, romelic<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sferoSi vlindeba; hovard gardneris mixedviT (Howard<br />
Gardner, 1983) arsebobs 8 saxis gansxvavebuli inteleqti; yvela a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
flobs rvave saxis inteleqts, Tumca gansxvavebuli xarisxiT; rogorc<br />
wesi, a<strong>da</strong>mians erTi saxis dominanturi (yvelaze ganviTarebuli)<br />
inteleqti aqvs. cxrilSi mocemulia rvave saxis inteleqti <strong>da</strong> maT<br />
Soris gansxvavebebi.<br />
cxrili 3.2 inteleqtis tipebi<br />
lingvisturi<br />
inteleqti<br />
logikuri <strong>da</strong><br />
maTematikuri<br />
inteleqti<br />
sivrciTi<br />
inteleqti<br />
musikaluri<br />
inteleqti<br />
aqvs kargad ganviTarebuli sityvaTa maragi, advilad imaxsovrebs<br />
saxelebs, TariRebs, axal sityvebs, moswons wera<br />
<strong>da</strong> kiTxva, literatura, uyvars sityvebiT TamaSi.<br />
advilad xe<strong>da</strong>vs tendencias, kargad aqvs ganviTarebuli<br />
abstraqtuli azrovneba, SeuZlia kategoriebsa <strong>da</strong> ideebs<br />
Soris mimarTebis <strong>da</strong>myareba, advilad angariSobs, xmarobs<br />
kompiuters, uyvars Tavsatexebis, logikuri amocanebis<br />
amoxsna.<br />
advilad imaxsovrebs sagnebis sivrceSi ganlagebas, Seu-<br />
Zlia zustad aRidginos gamosaxuleba <strong>da</strong> misi sivrciTi<br />
mdebareoba, uyvars xatva, dizaini, Seneba, kargad erkveva<br />
rukebsa <strong>da</strong> diagramebSi.<br />
advilad imaxsovrebs melodias, aqvs kargad ganviTarebuli<br />
ritmis SegrZneba, xSirad mReris, mgrZnobiarea bgerebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> xmebis mimarT.
kinesTetikuriinteleqti<br />
interpersonaluriinteleqti<br />
intrapersonaluriinteleqti<br />
naturalisturi<br />
inteleqti<br />
advilad swavlobs sxeulis SegrZnebebiT, simulaciiT, roluri<br />
TamaSebiT, uWirs didxans erT adgilze gaunZrevlad<br />
jdoma, exerxeba sportuli TamaSebi, cekva, warmodgenebi,<br />
aqvs kargi koordinacia, advilad urTierTobs a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan,<br />
esmis <strong>da</strong> gamoxatavs <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas JestebiT, mimikebiT.<br />
kargad esmis a<strong>da</strong>mianebis, advilad swavlobs sxvebTan urTierTobis<br />
procesSi, exerxeba organizeba <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvaneloba,<br />
kargad esmis sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebis emocia, SeuZlia mosmena;<br />
SeuZlia a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris mediacia, uyvars socialuri<br />
TamaSebi.<br />
uyvars marto muSaoba, aris <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli, aqvs Zlieri<br />
nebisyofa, kargad ganviTarebuli intuicia, sakuTar TavSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>rwmunebulia, kargad icis sakuTari Zlieri <strong>da</strong> susti<br />
mxareebi.<br />
kargad erkveva samyaroSi – florasa <strong>da</strong> faunaSi, exerxeba<br />
mosavlis moyvana, konservacia.<br />
mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Teoria tradiciuli Teoriebisagan gansxvavebiT<br />
mravalferovania; is a<strong>da</strong>mianis SesaZleblobebis farTo speqtrs<br />
asaxavs, <strong>da</strong>wyebuli lingvisturi unarebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli naturalisturi<br />
inteleqtiT. tradiciuli swavleba ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d lingvistur<br />
<strong>da</strong> logikur unarebs scnob<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad, a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebic<br />
metad logikurebi <strong>da</strong> zustebi iyvnen metad inteleqtualebad iTvlebodnen.<br />
samagierod, TiTqmis SeumCneveli rCebo<strong>da</strong> bavSvebis inteleqti<br />
musikis, xelovnebis, dizainis <strong>da</strong> a.S. ganxriT.<br />
dReisaTvis ganaTlebis sferoSi mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Teorias<br />
did yuradRebas aqceven. am Teoriis mixedviT, swavlebis procesSi<br />
maswavlebeli yovelTvis un<strong>da</strong> iTvaliswinebdes individualur<br />
gansxvavebs; man im<strong>da</strong>gvarad un<strong>da</strong> warmarTos swavlebis procesi, rom<br />
saSualeba misces students, erTi mxriv, warmatebiT gamoiyenos dominanturi<br />
inteleqtis tipi <strong>da</strong>, meore mxriv, ganaviTaros `susti~ tipis<br />
inteleqti.<br />
mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Teoria, swavlebis sul mcire 8 gansxvavebul<br />
stils gulisxmobs; swavlebis procesSi verbaluri informaciis,<br />
cifrebis, suraTebisa <strong>da</strong> musikis gamoyeneba, TviTrefleqsia, fizikuri<br />
varjiSebis, interpersonaluri urTierTobebis <strong>da</strong> naturalisturi gamocdilebis<br />
gamoyenebas. es imas ar niSnavs, rom maswavlebelma rvave<br />
stili erTi leqciaze un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenos, aramed SearCios saswavlo<br />
miznebTan yvelaze Sesatyvisi ramodenime maTgani.<br />
29<br />
individualuri gansxvavebebi swavlis procesSi
30<br />
swavlis procesis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani<br />
faqtori motivaciaa. swored<br />
motivacia aris mizezi imisa, rom zogierTi<br />
studenti mondomebulia, ar<br />
ac dens leqciebs, swavlobs, cdilobs<br />
kargi Sedegis miRwevas, zogi ki ara.<br />
swavlebis motivacia gavlenas axdens<br />
swavlebis procesze <strong>da</strong> xarisxze.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi erTsa <strong>da</strong> imve situaciaSic ki SesaZlebelia gansxvavebuli<br />
motivebis gavleniT swavlobdnen.<br />
motivacia <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia a<strong>da</strong>mianis moTxovnilebebze. amerikelma<br />
fsiqologma abraam masloum (1954 weli) Seqmna motivaciis ierarqiuli<br />
modeli, sa<strong>da</strong>c Camoayaliba a<strong>da</strong>mianur moTxovnilebaTa ierarqia.<br />
is ganasxvaveb<strong>da</strong> ZiriTad moTxovnilebebsa <strong>da</strong> metamoTxovnilebebs.<br />
ZiriTadi moTxovnilebebi Seicavs:<br />
motivacia<br />
fiziologiur moTxovnilebebs (sakvebis, wylis miReba);<br />
usafrTxoebis moTxovnilebebs (komfortis, usafrTxo pirobeb-<br />
Si yofnis survili);<br />
siyvarulisa <strong>da</strong> mikuTvnebulobis moTxovnilebebs (urTierTobis,<br />
urTierTmijaWulobis, jgufTan mikuTvnebuloba);<br />
TviTpativiscemis moTxovnilebebs (maRali TviT<strong>Sefasebis</strong> qonis,<br />
pativiscemisa <strong>da</strong> aRiarebis miReba).<br />
mocemuli moTxovnilebebi ierarqiula<strong>da</strong>a ganlagebuli. maRali<br />
moTxovnilebebis <strong>da</strong>kmayofileba SesaZlebelia mxolod ufro <strong>da</strong>bali<br />
donis moTxovnilebebis <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebis Semdeg. rodesac a<strong>da</strong>mians Sia<br />
an sciva, im momentSi naklebad fiqrobs aRiarebaze an pativiscemaze.<br />
ZiriTad moTxovnilebebs deficitur moTxovnilebebsac uwodeben.<br />
metamoTxovnilebebi Seicavs esTetiur, kognitur, TviTrealizaciis<br />
moTxovnilebebs. am moTxovnilebebs zrdis moTxovnilebebsac uwodeben.<br />
maswavlebelma aucileblad un<strong>da</strong> icodes studentebis moTxovnilebebis<br />
Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> swavlebis procesis efeqturobisaTvis scados maTi<br />
fsiqologiuri moTxovnilebebis <strong>da</strong>kmayofileba: mijaWvulobis, kuTvnilebis,<br />
aRiarebisa <strong>da</strong> TviTpativiscemis.
TviTaqtualizaciis<br />
pativiscemis<br />
socialuri<br />
usafrTxoebis<br />
fiziologiuri<br />
nax. 3.1 motivaciis ierarqiuli modeli<br />
ansxvaveben ori saxis motivacias: garegans <strong>da</strong> Sinagans.<br />
garegani motivaciis SemTxvevaSi a<strong>da</strong>miani ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d saqmianobs<br />
garegani jildos misaRebad: Seqebis, fuladi jildos, maRali<br />
niSnis, serTifikatis <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
Sinagani motivaciisas ki a<strong>da</strong>mians Tavad siamovnebs <strong>da</strong> surs moqmedeba,<br />
imis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad miiRebs jildos Tu ara. es motivacia<br />
TviT pirovnebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinareobs. mag.: samuSaos <strong>da</strong>srulebis<br />
Semdeg kmayofilebis ganc<strong>da</strong>.<br />
garegan motivacias did yuradRebas uTmobs bihevioristuli midgoma,<br />
gansakuTrebiT Seqebasa <strong>da</strong> waxalisebas. pozitiur <strong>da</strong> negatiur<br />
ganmtkicebas adgili aqvs nebismier saswavlo garemoSi. maswavleblebi<br />
aqeben <strong>da</strong> SeniSvnas aZleven studentebs, uweren <strong>da</strong>bal an maRal niSnebs.<br />
rodesac ganmtkiceba sistematurad gamoiyeneba, is aucileblad<br />
axdens qcevaze zegavlenas.<br />
rodis un<strong>da</strong> Seaqos maswavlebelma studenti?<br />
Seqeba maSin aris gansakuTrebiT efeqturi, Tu is iwvevs studentis<br />
TviTpativiscemis gazr<strong>da</strong>s. mag.: Tu Seqebas Tan axlavs konstruqciuli<br />
rCevebi, maSin mas ufro xangrZlivi <strong>da</strong> mniSvnelovani<br />
efeqti mohyveba, vidre mxolod sityvas “kargia”. amasTanave, rCeva<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos Zalian konkretuli <strong>da</strong> araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes<br />
studentebis Se<strong>da</strong>rebas.<br />
31<br />
motivacia
32<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
zogi mecnieris azriT, Seqebisas xazi un<strong>da</strong> gaesvas a<strong>da</strong>mianis mondomebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> ara inteleqtsa <strong>da</strong> niWs. rodesac xazi esmeba a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
mondomebas, maSin is miiCnevs, rom swavliTa <strong>da</strong> mondomebiT SesaZlebelia<br />
gonierebis (inteleqtis) formireba <strong>da</strong> ganviTareba. xolo,<br />
rodesac Seqebisas xazi esmeba mxolod inteleqtualur SesaZleblobebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> niWierebas, maSin Cndeba ganc<strong>da</strong>, rom inteleqti mudmivi<br />
mocemulobaa <strong>da</strong>, rodesac moswavle saTanadod ver asrulebs <strong>da</strong>valebas,<br />
mas eqmneba STabeWdileba, rom saamisod “unari”ar gaaCnia <strong>da</strong><br />
kargavs motivacias.<br />
Sinagan motivacias gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas humanisturi midgoma<br />
aniWebs. a<strong>da</strong>mianisaTvis mniSvnelovania swrafva TviTrealizaciisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> kompetenturobisaken. yvela a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs survili, iyos<br />
<strong>da</strong>rw mu nebuli sakuTar TavSi <strong>da</strong> kompetenturad gamoiyurebodes sxvebis<br />
TvalSi. swored es ubiZgebs students <strong>da</strong>euflos meore enas,<br />
ganviTardes, didi dro <strong>da</strong>uTmos fizikur varjiSs an romelime instrumentze<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvras.<br />
zogi studentisaTvis garegani motivacia ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre<br />
Sinagani. amitom, maswavlebelma motivaciis orive formas un<strong>da</strong><br />
mimarTos <strong>da</strong> maTi kombinirebiT miaRwios sasurvel Sedegs. fsiqologebis<br />
azriT, is a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romelTa qcevasac Sinagani motivebi gansazRvravs,<br />
ufro <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli arian sakuTar TavSi, ufro metad<br />
Re buloben kmayofilebas saqmianobi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> ufro iolad itanen warumateblobas,<br />
vidre garegani motivirebis a<strong>da</strong>mianebi. xSirad xdeba ise,<br />
rom garegani motivacii<strong>da</strong>n ga<strong>da</strong>vdivarT Sinagan motivaciaze, mag.: asakis<br />
matebasTan erTad.<br />
motivTan mWidro kavSirSia interesi. saswavlo <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis umniSvnelovanesi<br />
mizani aris interesis gamowveva, rogorc konkretuli<br />
sagnis, ise mTeli swavlebis procesis mimarT. saWiroa gvaxsovdes, rom<br />
miznisken swrafvisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania gare ganmamtkiceblebi.<br />
gare ganmamtkicebels mimarTavs yvela maswavlebeli, Tumca arsebobs<br />
sawinaaRmdego azric, rom mu<strong>da</strong>m gare<strong>da</strong>n micemulma ganmamtkicebelma<br />
SeiZleba gamoiwvios studentebis maTze <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad<br />
motivaciis Semcireba. iTvleba, rom isini, vinc Sinagani motivebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamomdinare moqmedeben, ufro metad arian <strong>da</strong>interesebuli sakuTari<br />
saqmianobiT.
motivacia gavlenas axdens a<strong>da</strong>mianis warmatebasa <strong>da</strong> warumateblobaze.<br />
sainteresoa is faqti, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebi gansxvavebulad xsnian<br />
sakuTar warmateba-warumateblobas. mag.: zogi studenti maRali niSnis<br />
miRebas sakuTar niWierebas miawers, zogi ki iRbalsa <strong>da</strong> gamarTlebas.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebic warmatebas sakuTar Tavs miaweren ufro kompetenturad<br />
grZnoben Tavs, vidre is a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, vinc warmatebul qcevas<br />
gamarTlebiTa <strong>da</strong> bedisweriT xsnian.<br />
maswavleblisTvis mniSvnelovania imis codna, Tu rogor xsnis a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
sakuTar warmatebas Tu warumateblobas. <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznis miRweva<br />
im SemTvevaSia advili, Tu studentebs mivaxvedrebT, rom warmateba<br />
maT mondomebazea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli, rom maT SeuZliaT akontrolon swavlis<br />
procesi <strong>da</strong> miaRwion sasurvel Sedegs.<br />
maswavlebelma saswavlo garemo im<strong>da</strong>gvarad<br />
un<strong>da</strong> moawyos, rom stu den tebis<br />
motivaciis aqtivacias axden des.<br />
rodesac saklaso garemoSi aqtivaciis<br />
done Zalian <strong>da</strong>balia, maSin studenti<br />
mowyenilia, misi yuradReba gafantulia,<br />
is ar aris CarTuli gakveTilis<br />
procesSi. xolo Tu aqtivacia Zalian<br />
maRalia, maSin studenti grZnobs SiSsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Zlier SfoTvas. amitom maswavlebelma studentTa aqtivaciis kontroli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> moaxdinos. saklaso garemosTvis idealuria aqtivaciis<br />
saSualo done. bunebrivia, rom studentebi, ro melTac ar ainteresebT<br />
gakveTili, ver grZnoben Tavs komfortulad, ver iTviseben efeqturad<br />
masalas <strong>da</strong> verc Zlieri SfoTvis SemTxvevaSi iqnebian CarTuli<br />
gakveTilSi.<br />
maswavlebels SeuZlia akontrolos studentebze moqmedi stimulebis<br />
umravlesoba. is, Tu rogor gamoiyurebian maswavleblebi, ras<br />
<strong>da</strong> rogor amboben, did zegavlenas axdens studentTa yuradRebis xarisxze.<br />
mag.: Tu maswavlebeli azviadebs gamocdis mniSvnelovanebas,<br />
test Si Seaqvs Zalian rTuli <strong>da</strong>valebebi, emuqreba an mkacrad eqceva<br />
studentebs – iwvevs Zlier SfoTvas, rac iwvevs maTi yuradRebis gafantvas.<br />
aseve, Tu maswavlebeli Zalian monotonurad, nela, qaoturad<br />
awvdis masalas, esec iwvevs yuradRebis gafantvasa <strong>da</strong> mowyenilobas.<br />
33<br />
motivacia
34<br />
komunikacia<br />
komunikacia aris a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris urTierTobis procesi, romlis<br />
mizania informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cema. komunikaciis procesSi erTi mxare, anu<br />
informaciis wyaro, informacias ga<strong>da</strong>scems meore mxares, anu informaciis<br />
mimRebs, romelime sakomunikacio arxis saSualebiT. informaciis<br />
wyaro <strong>da</strong> mimRebi SeiZleba erTi an meti a<strong>da</strong>miani iyos. mag.:<br />
leqciis axsnis procesSi maswavlebeli aris informaciis wyaro, xolo<br />
studentebi – informaciis mimRebebi.<br />
informacia, romelic komunikaciis procesSi ga<strong>da</strong>icema, SeiZleba<br />
iyos verbaluri (sityvieri) an araverbaluri (usityvo). amis mixedviT<br />
komunikacia iyofa verbalur anu sityvier <strong>da</strong> araverbalur, anu<br />
usityvo komunikaciad. komunikaciis procesSi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d gulisxmoben<br />
mosazrebebis, ideebis, Sexedulebebis gacvlas, rac sityvierad<br />
xdeba, Tumca aranakleb mniSvnelovania komunikacia JestebiT, mimikebiT,<br />
poziT <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
sakomunikacio arxi, romelic<br />
informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemisas<br />
gamoiyeneba, SesaZlebelia<br />
iyos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva; mag.:<br />
vizualuri, rodesac maswavlebeli<br />
iyenebs TvalsaCino ebebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> studentebi xe<strong>da</strong>ven<br />
masalas;<br />
audialuri, rodesac maswavlebeli<br />
saubrobs <strong>da</strong> studentebi<br />
ismenen informacias;<br />
taqtiluri, rodesac studenti xeliT exeba mag.: Tixas <strong>da</strong> xvdeba,<br />
rom is sveli <strong>da</strong> rbili aris;<br />
komunikaciisas SesaZlebelia erTdroulad erTi an ramdenime arxis<br />
gamoyeneba. rac ufro meti arxi gamoiyeneba informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>sacemad,<br />
miT ufro advilia masalis gageba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>maxsovreba.<br />
erTi SexedviT komunikacia ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos rTuli, Tumca bevri socialuri<br />
Tu politikuri problema araswori, <strong>da</strong>maxinjebuli komunikaciiT<br />
aris gamowveuli. igive iTqmis swavlebis procesze. Zalian<br />
xSirad swavlebis problemebi, sxva mizezebTan erTad, araswori komunikaciiT<br />
aris gamowveuli.<br />
komunikacia SesaZlebelia Seferxdes sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva faqtoris gavleniT,
maT sxvanairad barierebs uwodeben. barierebi xels uSlis informaciis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemasa <strong>da</strong> gagebas. es SesaZlebelia iyos:<br />
enobrivi barierebi, rogoricaa msmenelisaTvis gaugebeli Jargonis<br />
gamoyeneba, specialuri terminologia, ucxo ena;<br />
fizikuri barierebi, rogoricaa xmauri, maRali an <strong>da</strong>bali temperatura,<br />
arakeTilmowyobili saklaso garemo;<br />
fsiqologiuri barierebi, rogoricaa interesis arqona, uyuradReboba;<br />
meorexarisxovani barierebi, rogoricaa mosaubreebs Soris<br />
gansxvavebuli gamocdileba, kulturuli gansxvavebebi.<br />
am barierebis kontroli <strong>da</strong> komunikaciis procesSi maTi Semcireba<br />
mniSvnelovnad aumjobesebs komunikacias.<br />
4. 11.<br />
verbaluri komunikacia<br />
verbaluri komunikacia aris sityvieri komunikacia anu komunikacia<br />
enis gamoyenebiT.<br />
verbaluri komunikaciis mizani aris sityvieri informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cema.<br />
verbalur komunikacias didi mniSvneloba aqvs saklaso garemoSi;<br />
leqciis, seminaris, diskusiis, jgufuri muSaobis didi nawili verbalur<br />
komunikacias eTmoba.<br />
informacia maqsimalurad gasagebi <strong>da</strong> advilad ga<strong>da</strong>samuSavebeli rom<br />
iyos, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva faqtoris gaTvaliswinebaa saWiro. es faqtorebia:<br />
terminologia;<br />
informaciis Sinaarsi;<br />
informaciis sidide;<br />
organizeba;<br />
analizi;<br />
informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis dro.<br />
es maxasiaTeblebi icvleba konteqstisa <strong>da</strong> komunikaciis miznis mixedviT;<br />
amasTanave, informaciis miReba <strong>da</strong> misi ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba di<strong>da</strong>d<br />
aris <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli kulturaze; rac erTi auditoriisTvis gasagebia,<br />
Se saZlebelia gaugebari <strong>da</strong> miuRebeli iyos sxvasTan.<br />
35<br />
komunikacia
36<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
informacia rom gasagebi iyos, saWiroa:<br />
terminologia, romelsac komunikaciisas viyenebT, auditoriisaTvis<br />
gasagebi iyos; specterminologiis gamoyenebisas <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> viyoT, rom studentebs terminologia esmiT;<br />
Sinaarsi un<strong>da</strong> iyos naTlad Camoyalibebuli; yovelTvis un<strong>da</strong><br />
SevecadoT, rom yvelaferi, risi Tqmac gvsurs, iyos mkafiod<br />
formulirebuli <strong>da</strong> naklebad nagulisxmevi. aseve, un<strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT<br />
auditoriis gamocdileba, rogorc individualuri,<br />
ise kulturuli.<br />
informaciis sidide <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia Temasa <strong>da</strong> auditoriaze,<br />
Tumca is ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos Zalian grZeli <strong>da</strong> mosabezrebeli <strong>da</strong><br />
aseve – Zalian mokle <strong>da</strong> gaugebari;<br />
masala un<strong>da</strong> iyos kargad struqturirebuli <strong>da</strong> logikurad organizebuli;<br />
gamokveTili un<strong>da</strong> iyos mniSvnelovani momentebi;<br />
aseve, sasurvelia informaciaSi igrZnobodes movlenebis qronologia:<br />
movlenis <strong>da</strong>wyeba, ganviTareba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sasruli;<br />
informacia un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes logikur analizs;<br />
informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis dro Zalian mniSvnelovania komunikaciis<br />
efeqturobisaTvis; komunikaciisaTvis saWiroa ara marto<br />
informaciis kargad Camoyalibeba, aramed saWiro dros ga<strong>da</strong>cemac.<br />
klasSi didi dro ixarjeba maswavleblis mier masalis axsnaze. rac<br />
ufro naTlad, martivad, logikurad <strong>da</strong> gasagebad Camoayalibebs maswavlebeli<br />
asaxsnel masalas <strong>da</strong> rac ufro metad <strong>da</strong>ukavSirebs mas auditoriis<br />
gamocdilebas, miT ufro advilad gasagebi gaxdeba masala<br />
studentebisaTvis.<br />
4.1.1. mosmena<br />
erTi SexedviT mosmena ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos problema, Tumca a<strong>da</strong>mianebs<br />
xSirad uWirT informaciis zusti gageba.<br />
arsebobs termini aqtiuri mosmena, rac mianiSnebs, rom mosmena<br />
ar aris pasiuri procesi <strong>da</strong> mxolod informaciis gagebas ar niSnavs.<br />
aqtiuri mosmena niSnavs ara mxolod imis gagebas, Tu ras ambobs a<strong>da</strong>miani,<br />
aramed rogor <strong>da</strong> ra emociiT. aqtiuri mosmenis dros msmeneli<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d mosaubrezea koncentrirebuli. kargi mosmena niSnavs ara<br />
mosaubrisaTvis sakuTari mosazrebebis <strong>da</strong> emociebis Tavsmoxvevas, aramed<br />
mosaubris informaciisa <strong>da</strong> emociis zust gagebas.
aqtiuri mosmena sizustes saWiroebs, amitom, sasurvelia informaciis<br />
mosmenisa <strong>da</strong> gagebis Semdeg yovelTvis ga<strong>da</strong>vamowmoT, ramdenad<br />
zustad gvesmis mosaubris.<br />
aqtiuri mosmenisas msmeneli yuradRebas<br />
gamoxatavs rogorc araverbalurad,<br />
mag.: TvaliT kontaqti, Tavis<br />
<strong>da</strong>qneva, Ria Jestebi, ase ve verbalurad,<br />
mag.: `ra mox<strong>da</strong> Semdeg~, `Sen rogorc<br />
miTxari... iqneb <strong>da</strong> akonkreto~ <strong>da</strong><br />
a.S.<br />
aqtiur mosmenasTan mWidro kavSir-<br />
Sia ukukavSiri, rac niSnavs imas, rom<br />
msmeneli mosaubres atyobinebs, rom<br />
man moismina <strong>da</strong> zustad gaigo mosaubris azri <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba. Sesa-<br />
Zlebelia iTqvas, rom ukukavSiri aqtiuri mosmenis Sedegia. ukukavSiri<br />
SesaZlebelia iyos rogorc zepiri, aseve werilobiTi. ukukavSiris <strong>da</strong>niSnulebaa<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mians Seatyobinos, rogor gaaumjobesos Sedegi.<br />
arsebobs ukukavSiris ram denime saxe:<br />
pozitiuri, romlis mi zania studentis waxalise ba; mag.: `Sen zustad<br />
gaiangariSe ra moculobis sa Seni masala <strong>da</strong>gWirdeba ked lis amosayvanad;<br />
ase ga agrZele!~<br />
uarofiTi, romlis mizania<br />
mosaub ris <strong>da</strong>blokva; magaliTad,<br />
`rogorc Cans, Sen<br />
uyuradRebod mousmine am<br />
instruq cias, amitom, ara sworad<br />
Se asrule <strong>da</strong>valeba~.<br />
neitraluri, romelic<br />
arc waaxalisebs <strong>da</strong> arc<br />
aferxebs mosaubres; mag.:<br />
`gasagebia, mesmis~<br />
informatiuli, romlis<br />
mizania msmenelisaTvis informaciis<br />
miwodeba; mag.:<br />
`rasac axla Tqven akeTebT,<br />
amas formatirebis process<br />
uwodeben~.<br />
Semajamebeli – romlis mizania mosaubris naTqvamis, qcevis <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
Sejameba; mag.: `Seni naTqvami<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom<br />
37<br />
komunikacia
38<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
SenTvis ufro mosaxerxebeli individualuri muSaobaa~.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogikaSi, ufro meti aqcenti pozitiur ukukavSirze un<strong>da</strong> keTdebodes;<br />
saWiroa aRiniSnos is, rasac miaRwia studentma <strong>da</strong> ara mxolod<br />
is, rasac ver miaRwia.<br />
4.1.2. SekiTxvis <strong>da</strong>sma<br />
mniSvnelovania SekiTxvis sworad <strong>da</strong>sma. imis mixedviT, Tu ra sakiTxze<br />
<strong>da</strong> ra informaciis misaRebad vekiTxebiT, icvleba SekiTxvis forma,<br />
Sinaarsi <strong>da</strong> miRebuli pasuxic.<br />
SekiTxva Sedgeba Sinaarsisa <strong>da</strong> formisagan; cxadia yoveli kiTxva<br />
garkveuli Sinaarsis matarebelia. formis mixedviT ki arsebobs <strong>da</strong>xuruli<br />
<strong>da</strong> Ria SekiTxvebi.<br />
<strong>da</strong>xurulia SekiTxva Tu misi pasuxebi winaswar gansazRvrulia. <strong>da</strong>xurul<br />
SekiTxvaze pasuxs didi dro ar sWirdeba; <strong>da</strong>xuruli SekiTxvebiT<br />
mowmdeba ramdenad zustad axsovs a<strong>da</strong>mians informacia. <strong>da</strong>xuruli<br />
SekiTxvebi xSirad Sedis testebSi.<br />
<strong>da</strong>xurul SekiTxvas SeiZleba 2 pasuxi hqondes `diax/ara~ an ramdenime<br />
pasuxi <strong>da</strong> maTgan swori pasuxis SerCeva iyos saWiro; <strong>da</strong>xurul<br />
kiTxvebSi Sedis <strong>da</strong>Tanxmebis xarisxic~ srulad veTanxmebi, nawilobriv<br />
veTanxmebi, neitraluri, sakmaod veTanxmebi, saerTod ar veTanxmebi~,<br />
romli<strong>da</strong>nac respondenti erT pasuxs irCevs.<br />
<strong>da</strong>xuruli kiTxvebis magaliTebi<br />
1. `<strong>da</strong>saSvebi aris Tu ara mcire zomis minis <strong>da</strong>Wra Targis gamoynebiT,<br />
romelic imave mini<strong>da</strong>naa gamoWrili?<br />
1 diax 2 ara<br />
2. `ra manZiliT un<strong>da</strong> iyos saWrebi erTi meorisagan <strong>da</strong>Sorebuli<br />
minebis <strong>da</strong>magrebisas?<br />
1 10-15 mm 2 25-50 mm 3 30-35 mm<br />
3. `almasis minisaWrelis SerCevis dros upirvelesad gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos minis sisqe?~<br />
1 veTanxmebi 2 nawilobriv veTanxmebi<br />
3 ar veTanxmebi
Ria SekiTxvas winaswar gansazRvruli pasuxebi ar aqvs. mas SeiZleba<br />
mravali pasuxi hqondes; aseTi kiTxvebiT SesaZlebelia ga<strong>da</strong>mowmeba,<br />
Tu rogor aRiqvams studenti movlenas, ra mosazrebebi aqvs <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
Ria SekiTxvis mizani SesaZlebelia iyos pasuxis <strong>da</strong>konkreteba, pasuxis<br />
kidev ufro gavrcoba, meti axsna-ganmartebis micema <strong>da</strong> a.S. aseT<br />
SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad students sWirdeba masalis gaxseneba,<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba, Sefaseba, argumentireba. Ria SekiTxvebze pasuxs ufro<br />
meti dro sWirdeba, vidre <strong>da</strong>xurulze.<br />
mag.: `rogor gavzardoT marcvleuli kulturebis mosavlianoba<br />
1 ha-ze?~<br />
an `ras gulisxmobs soflis meurneobis produqtebis pirveladi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba?~<br />
maswavlebeli ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d imisaTvis ekiTxeba studentebs, rom gai gos,<br />
ramdenad kargad esmiT maT masala. Tumca, maswavlebelma SesaZlebelia<br />
arasworad <strong>da</strong>svas SekiTxvebi <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad, studentebs azris<br />
srulyofilad gamoTqmis saSualeba ar misces; sasurvelia SekiTxvebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>isvas cal-calke <strong>da</strong> ara ramodenime erTad; students mosafiqreblad<br />
saWiro dro un<strong>da</strong> hqondes; SekiTxvis <strong>da</strong>smis dros maswavlebeli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iTvaliswinebdes studentebis codnasa <strong>da</strong> individualuri gansxvavebebs;<br />
aseve, mas winaswar ar un<strong>da</strong> hqondes gaazrebuli kiTxvaze<br />
pasuxi <strong>da</strong> studentebs am pasuxisaken ar un<strong>da</strong> ubiZgos; SekiTxva un<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>isvas mTeli jgufisTvis <strong>da</strong> ara jgufis nawilisaTvis.<br />
4. 22.<br />
araverbaluri komunikacia<br />
araverbaluri komunikacia aris komunikacia sityvebis gareSe, anu<br />
a<strong>da</strong> mianis fizikuri maxasiaTeblebiTa <strong>da</strong> qceviT.<br />
urTierTobisas informaciis udidesi nawili 90% araverbalurad<br />
(sxeuli <strong>da</strong> xmis to ni/tembri) ga<strong>da</strong>icema;<br />
araverbaluri komunikaciiT gamo ixateba emociebi, <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba,<br />
moZraobis mimarTuleba, sagnebis forma, rac zog jer<br />
Znelad gamoiTqmis sityvebiT;<br />
araverbaluri komunikacia ufro Zvelia, vidre verbaluri; a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />
metyvelebis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde urTierTobisaTvis araverbalur<br />
komunikacias iyenebdnen; bavSvebic jer swavloben araverbalur<br />
39<br />
komunikacia
40<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
komunikacias, Semdeg verbalurs;<br />
verbaluri komunikaciis siswore<br />
<strong>da</strong> sandooba mtkicdeba araverbaluriT,<br />
Tu maT Soris Seusabamobaa,<br />
mag.: a<strong>da</strong>miani pozitiurad<br />
afa sebs movlenas, magram misi<br />
sa xis gamometyveleba amis sawinaaRmdegos<br />
a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />
uf ro metad araverbalur<br />
informa cias endobian;<br />
araverbaluri komunikacia ufro<br />
xmis maxasiaTblebi<br />
40%<br />
sityvebi<br />
10%<br />
sxeulis ena 50%<br />
sandod <strong>da</strong> gulwrfelad aris miCneuli, vidre verbaluri,<br />
radgan ufro Znelia araverbaluri maniSneblebis kontroli,<br />
vidre sityvebis;<br />
verbaluri komunikacia wydeba, rodesac wyaro wyvets informaciis<br />
miwodebas; araverbalurad informacia yovelTvis ga<strong>da</strong>icema<br />
sxeulis poziT, CacmulobiT <strong>da</strong> qceviT;<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi xSirad cdiloben realuri emociebis <strong>da</strong>farvas. rogorc<br />
wesi, yalbi, arabunebrivi emocia droSi Zalian gaxangrZlivebulia<br />
an piriqiT, Sekvecili. gamocdili a<strong>da</strong>mianisaTvis<br />
advili <strong>da</strong>sanaxia a<strong>da</strong>mianebis realuri emocia sxeulis pozis,<br />
Jestebisa <strong>da</strong> sxva aravebaluri maniSneblebis mixedviT.<br />
kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom saklaso garemoSi informaciis udidesi nawili<br />
araverbalurad ga<strong>da</strong>icema. amasTanave, rodesac studentebi maswavlebels<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d an mis kompetenturobas afaseben, umetes SemTxvevaSi<br />
araverbalur informaciaze miuTiTeben. mag.: sasiamovno xma<br />
aqvs, gamaRizianebeli manerebi aqvs, momwons misi xmis tembri <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
amis sawinaaRmdegod, aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom maswavleblebi nakleb yuradRebas<br />
aqceven studentebis araverbalur maniSneblebs <strong>da</strong> ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d masalis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemiT arian <strong>da</strong>kavebuli.<br />
saklaso garemoSi mniSvnelovania Semdegi araverbaluri maniSneb lebis<br />
gaTvaliswineba <strong>da</strong> kontroli: sxeulis poza, Jestebi, saxis gamometyveleba,<br />
xmis maxasiaTeblebi, Cacmuloba <strong>da</strong> manZili; aseve<br />
fi zikuri garemo <strong>da</strong> dro.<br />
sxeulis poziT iseTi mniSvnelovani informaciis miReba SeiZleba<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis Sesaxeb, rogoricaa misi statusi, <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba, emociebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S. mag.: rodesac studenti leqciaze zis modunebuli, maswavleb
els ar uyurebs, es SesaZlebelia niSnavdes, rom mas ar aintersebs<br />
leqcia; xolo win wamoweuli studenti, romelic iniSnavs masalas,<br />
gamoxatavs interess.<br />
Jestebi warmoadgens xelebis moZraobas; arsebobs Caketili <strong>da</strong> Ria<br />
Jestebi, agresiuli <strong>da</strong> keTilganwyobili; mag.: ga<strong>da</strong>jvaredinebuli xelebi<br />
Caketili pozaa, muStis <strong>da</strong>rtyma magi<strong>da</strong>ze an saweri kalmiT an<br />
joxiT miTiTeba agresiulad aRiqmeba. maRali statusis, maRali TviT-<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong>, sakuTar TavSi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebul a<strong>da</strong>mianebs ufro farTo Jestebi<br />
aqvT, vidre <strong>da</strong>bali statusis <strong>da</strong> morcxv a<strong>da</strong>mianebs, romlebic<br />
sakuTar TavSi ar arian <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli; saklaso garemoSi sasurvelia<br />
maswavleblis Jestebi iyos Ria <strong>da</strong> araagresiuli.<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani sakomunikacio saSualeba saxis gamometyvelebaa.<br />
saxis gamometyvelebaSi Sedis Rimili, TvalebiT kontaqti<br />
<strong>da</strong> mimikebi; maswavlebeli studentebis saxis gamometyvelebiT SesaZlebelia<br />
mixvdes, esmiT <strong>da</strong> ainteresebT Tu ara sakiTxi, ician Tu<br />
ara masala <strong>da</strong> a.S. aseve, maswavleblis saxis gamometyveleba studentebisaTvis<br />
SeiZleba mniSvnelovani ganmamtikicebeli iyos; rodesac<br />
studentis pasuxze maswavlebeli iRimis <strong>da</strong> Tavs aqnevs, studentisaTvis<br />
es niSnavs, rom misi pasuxi sworia; SeWmuxnili Subli, moRuSuli<br />
saxe uaryofiT stimulad aRiqmeba. igive iTqmis TvalebiT kontaqtze;<br />
rodesac studentebma pasuxi ician maswavleblis kiTxvaze, isini cdiloben<br />
maswavlebels TvalebSi uyuron; maswavlebeli Tvalebis kontaqtiT<br />
cdilobs moswavlis mxri<strong>da</strong>n yuradRebis miqcevas <strong>da</strong> SenarCunebas.<br />
aseve gagebas, Tu ramdenad ainteresebT studentebs Tema.<br />
xmis maxasiaTeblebSi Sedis xmis toni <strong>da</strong> tembri; tembris kontroli<br />
ufro Znelia, vidre tonis. sasurvelia xmis toni iyos ga<strong>da</strong>sacemi<br />
masalis Sesatyvisi; Zalian maRali toni agresiulad aRiqmeba. xmis<br />
toniT advili misaxvedria a<strong>da</strong>mianis emociuri mdgomareoba; nawyeni,<br />
gabrazebuli, <strong>da</strong>bneuli an bednieri a<strong>da</strong>mianis xmis toni mkveTrad gansxvavebulia<br />
erTmaneTisagan.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebis Sefasebaze did gavlenas axdens Cacmuloba. Cacmulobis<br />
mixedviT <strong>da</strong>skvnas akeTeben a<strong>da</strong>mianebis gemovnebaze, energiulobaze,<br />
rolze, guneba-ganwyobaze, statusze <strong>da</strong> a.S. xSirad Cacmulobis<br />
mixedviT msjeloben a<strong>da</strong>mianebis kompetenturobaze, mimzidvelobasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sandoobaze.<br />
arsebobs garkveuli molodini rogor un<strong>da</strong> icvamdes maswavlebeli;<br />
es <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia kulturaze, saswavleblis tipze. Tu maswavlebeli<br />
41<br />
komunikacia
42<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
met-naklebad ar jdeba mosalodnel stilSi, SesaZlebelia mis mimarT<br />
Zalian <strong>da</strong>debiTi an uaryofiTi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba Camoyalibdes. mag.:<br />
Tanamedrovea <strong>da</strong> misabaZia an Zvelmoduria <strong>da</strong> yuradRebis miqceva ar<br />
Rirs.<br />
nax. 4.1 sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis urTierTobisas <strong>da</strong>kavebuli manZili<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris manZili icvleba urTierTobis tipisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis<br />
mixedviT; rac ufro axlo urTierToba aqvT a<strong>da</strong>mianebs, miT mcirea<br />
urTierTobisas manZili; megobrebi ufro axlo manZilze urTier-<br />
Toben, vidre maswavlebeli <strong>da</strong> studenti an ucnobi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi. aseve,<br />
aRmosavluri kultura ufro mcire manZils irCevs urTierTobisas,<br />
vidre evropuli. rodesac urTierTobisas bunebrivi manZili irRveva,<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi iwyeben SfoTvas, uxerxulad grZnoben Tavs <strong>da</strong> cdiloben<br />
maTTvis komfortuli manZilis aRdgenas. did jgufebSi ufro didia<br />
maswavlebelsa <strong>da</strong> students Soris manZili, vidre mcire jgufebSi.<br />
fizikuri garemo mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs komunikaciis efeqturobas;<br />
rogoraa ganlagebuli aveji, ra eqspoziciebia kedlebze gan-<br />
Tavsebuli, mniSvnelovani informaciis momcemia, Tu vin swavlobs am<br />
oTaxSi, ras saqmianoben isini, <strong>da</strong> a.S. garemo gavlenas axdens a<strong>da</strong>mianebs<br />
Soris urTierTobaze. swored amitom didi yuradReba eqceva sak-
laso garemos mowyobas; kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom naTel, keTilmowyobil<br />
saswavlo oTaxSi ufro pozitiuria studentebs Soris urTierToba,<br />
vidre bnel <strong>da</strong> arakeTilmowyobil garemoSi.<br />
gakveTilis formatis mixedviT icvleba saklaso garemoc. klasikuri<br />
leqciis dros studentebi merxebTan sxe<strong>da</strong>n, xolo maswavlebeli<br />
Tavis magi<strong>da</strong>sTan an <strong>da</strong>fasTan dgas <strong>da</strong> ise xsnis masalas; maswavleblis<br />
magi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> skami gansxvavdeba studentebis merxebisagan <strong>da</strong> skamebisagan<br />
zomiTa <strong>da</strong> formiT; aseTi komunikaciisas maswavlebeli <strong>da</strong> studentebi<br />
araTanabar situaciaSi arian; treiningebisas, mcire jgufebSi muSaobisas<br />
studentebi sxe<strong>da</strong>n wreSi. aseTi garemo urTierTobas metad Rias<br />
<strong>da</strong> komfortuls xdis. saerTod, pozitiuri saswavlo garemo naklebad<br />
Seicavs barierebs <strong>da</strong> naklebad usvams xazs maswavleblisa <strong>da</strong> studentis<br />
statuss Soris gansxvavebas.<br />
dro mniSvnelovani faqtoria komunikaciis procesSi; komunikaciis<br />
efeqturoba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia drosa <strong>da</strong> drois marTvaze. mag.: kvlevebi<br />
aCvenebs, rom axali masalis gacnoba umjobesia gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi<br />
an bolos, rodesac sxva masalaSi Sereva aRar xdeba. studentebi<br />
yvelaze pasiurebi masalis ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebis TvalsazrisiT gakveTilis<br />
SuaSi arian, amitom am dros axali masaliT ga<strong>da</strong>tvirTva aramizanSewonilia.<br />
droSi Sedis pauzebi <strong>da</strong> saubris tempi; drois udidesi nawili midis<br />
SekiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>smasa <strong>da</strong> pasuxebSi; maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> icodes, ra<br />
dro SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>sWirdeT studentebs pasuxis gasacemad an sakiTxis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>saWrelad <strong>da</strong> ra xangrZlivobisa SeiZleba iyos pauzebi. a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />
gansxvavdebian informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebis siCqaris mixedviT, amitom<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva a<strong>da</strong>mians erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad <strong>da</strong> erTi<br />
<strong>da</strong> imave masalis ga<strong>da</strong>samuSaveblad SeiZleba met-naklebad gansxvavebuli<br />
dro <strong>da</strong>sWirdes. kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom maswavleblebi 5 wamze<br />
mets ar elodebian studentis pasuxs. amasTanave, maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong><br />
SearCios saubris adekvaturi tempi; saubris Zalian swrafi tempis<br />
SemTxvevaSi studentebs uWirT masalis gageba <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba; xolo<br />
saubris Zalian neli tempi SesaZlebelia studentebisaTvis mosawyeni<br />
gaxdes.<br />
droSi Sedis punqtualobac; swavlebis procesSi Zalian mniSvnelovania<br />
maswavleblis mxri<strong>da</strong>n punqtualobis <strong>da</strong>cva; maswavlebeli ara mxolod<br />
zustad un<strong>da</strong> gamocxaddes leqciaze, aramed zustad <strong>da</strong>gegmos<br />
aqtivobebi <strong>da</strong> gansazRvrul dros <strong>da</strong>amTavros leqcia.<br />
43<br />
komunikacia
44<br />
saswavlo miznebi<br />
saswavlo mizani aris swavlebis procesis aucilebeli komponenti.<br />
saswavlo mizani gansazRvravs Tu ra un<strong>da</strong> viswavloT <strong>da</strong> Semdeg, ra<br />
un<strong>da</strong> SevafasoT. SeuZlebelia swavlebis procesis efeqturobis <strong>da</strong>dgena<br />
Tu winaswar ar gvecodineba risi miRweva gvin<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> ra<br />
proceduras gamoviyenebT.<br />
saswavlo miznebi SeiZleba CamovayaliboT<br />
Zalian zoga<strong>da</strong>d, mag.: moswavleTa<br />
potencialis gamovlena,<br />
srul fasovani moqalaqeebis aRzr<strong>da</strong>.<br />
zogadi mizani asaxavs moswavleTa<br />
efeq turi ganviTarebis mimarTulebas,<br />
magram mocemuli mi zani maswavleblisaTvis<br />
yoveldRiur cxovreba-<br />
Si sakmarisi ar aris. misTvis aucilebelia konkretuli, yoveldRiuri,<br />
specifikuri miznebis <strong>da</strong>saxva.<br />
arsebobs saswavlo miznebis sami farTo sfero: miznebi kognitur,<br />
afeqtur <strong>da</strong> fsiqometrul sferoebSi.<br />
benJamen blumma <strong>da</strong> misma kolegebma Camoayalibes swavlebis procesis<br />
kognituri <strong>da</strong> afeqturi miznebi; Teoria cnobilia pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri<br />
miznebis taqsonomiis saxelwodebiT.<br />
taqsonomia anu miznebis ierarqia aRwers konkretul miznebs, romlebic<br />
mizanTa ufro zogad klasSi erTiandebian. mocemuli Teo riis<br />
gamoyeneba SeiZleba nebismieri profilis saswavleblis konkretuli<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri miznebis SemuSavebisaTvis.<br />
kognituri miznebis taqsonomiaSi (ierarqia) 6 klasi gamoiyofa.<br />
esenia:<br />
• codna; • analizi;<br />
• gageba; • sinTezi;<br />
• gamoyeneba; • Sefaseba.<br />
kognituri miznebis ierarqia mocemulia cxrilSi 5.1.<br />
maswavlebelma saswavlo procesis ganmavlobaSi Semdeg mizans un<strong>da</strong><br />
miaRwios: studentebs un<strong>da</strong> hqondeT mocemul saganSi codna, un<strong>da</strong><br />
hqondeT gaazrebuli miRebuli informaciis arsi, SeeZloT codnis<br />
gamoyeneba, informaciis gaanalizeba, sinTezireba <strong>da</strong> Sefaseba.
cxrili 5.1. blumis kognituri miznebis taqsonomia<br />
1. codna<br />
2. gageba<br />
3. gamoyeneba<br />
4. analizi<br />
5. sinTezi<br />
6. Sefaseba<br />
• obieqtebis, faqtebis, TariRebis, terminebis, wesebis,<br />
principebis, procesebis codna;<br />
• arsebuli klasifikaciebisa <strong>da</strong> kategoriebis codna;<br />
• kriteriumebis codna;<br />
• <strong>meTodebi</strong>s codna;<br />
• smeniTi, werilobiTi <strong>da</strong> grafikuli informaciis<br />
<strong>da</strong>mxsovreba <strong>da</strong> aRdgena zusti an msgavsi formiT.<br />
• faqtebis, wesebis, principebis, procesebisa <strong>da</strong> Teoriebis<br />
sakuTari sityvebiT gadmocemis unari;<br />
• teqsti<strong>da</strong>n ZiriTadi azris gamotana;<br />
• werilobiTi, smeniTi <strong>da</strong> grafikuli informaciis erTi<br />
formi<strong>da</strong>n meoreze ga<strong>da</strong>tana;<br />
• Sesabamisi magaliTebis moyvanis SesaZlebloba.<br />
• miRebuli informaciis gamoyeneba praqtikaSi;<br />
• nimuSisa <strong>da</strong> principebis mixedviT <strong>da</strong>valebisa Tu samuSaos<br />
Sesrulebis SesaZlebloba;<br />
• arsebuli kanonzomierebis gavrcelebis farglebis<br />
gansazRvra.<br />
• masalis <strong>da</strong>nawevreba misi ukeT gagebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>maxsovrebis<br />
mizniT;<br />
• movlenis, Sinaarsis <strong>da</strong>faruli azris aRmoCena <strong>da</strong> axsna;<br />
• procesTa Soris kanonzomierebebis gamovlena;<br />
• movlenebs Soris mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>dgena;<br />
• sakuTari poziciis axsna, <strong>da</strong>sabuTeba;<br />
• calke mocemuli elementebis gaerTianeba.<br />
• axali produqtis Seqmna;<br />
• hipoTezebis Camoyalibeba, kvlevis <strong>da</strong>gegmva;<br />
• problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris alternatiuli gzebis Camoyalibeba;<br />
• problemis ga<strong>da</strong>WrisTvis saWiro moqmedebebis <strong>da</strong>gegmva;<br />
• sakuTari poziciis argumentirebuli <strong>da</strong>sabuTeba;<br />
• garkveul kriteriumebsa <strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvnebis gakeTeba;<br />
• problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris ramodenime gzi<strong>da</strong>n erT-erTis<br />
arCevis<br />
marTebulobis <strong>da</strong>sabuTeba;<br />
• modelis (sistemis) moqmedebis Sefaseba;<br />
• mosazrebebis, Teoriebis, Rirebulebis <strong>da</strong>sabuTeba;<br />
• monacemebisa <strong>da</strong> masze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT gakeTebuli <strong>da</strong>skvnebis<br />
Sesabamisobis <strong>da</strong>dgena.<br />
45<br />
saswavlo miznebi
46<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
afeqturi miznebi moiazrebs swavlebis procesTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul<br />
emociur reaqciebs:<br />
motivaciur sferos;<br />
interesebs;<br />
Tanxmobas;<br />
movlenisadmi pozitiur an negatiur <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas;<br />
procesSi CarTulobas.<br />
<strong>profesiul</strong>i ganaTlebis sferoSi aseve didi yuradReba eqceva iseT<br />
afeqtur miznebs, rogoricaa Sromis usafrTxoeba <strong>da</strong> SromisaTvis<br />
momzadeba.<br />
saswavlo miznebis fsiqometruli sfero unar-Cvevebis SeZenazea<br />
orientirebuli; aq Sedis iseTi moqmedebebi, rogoricaa instrumentebis<br />
gamoyeneba, motoruli moZraobebi, moZraobis <strong>da</strong>xvewa. maswavlebelma<br />
saswavlo procesis ganmavlobaSi Semdegs un<strong>da</strong> miaRwios: students<br />
un<strong>da</strong> SeeZlos <strong>da</strong>xazva, detalebis awyoba, <strong>da</strong>Sla, <strong>da</strong>montaJeba, <strong>da</strong>proeqteba<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
saswavlo miznebi fsiqometrul sferoSi SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vyoT martiv<br />
(qve<strong>da</strong> done), saSualo sirTulisa <strong>da</strong> kompleqsur (ze<strong>da</strong> done) moqmedebebad.<br />
cxrilSi 5.2 mocemulia fsiqometrul sferoSi saswavlo<br />
miznebis klasifikacia.<br />
cxrili 5.2. saswavlo miznebi fsiqometrul sferoSi.<br />
done maxasiaTeblebi<br />
qve<strong>da</strong> done <strong>da</strong>xazva, <strong>da</strong>kavSireba-gacalkeveba, gameoreba, imitireba<br />
saSualo done Secdomis aRmoCena, <strong>da</strong>montaJeba, garemonteba, <strong>da</strong>yeneba<br />
ze<strong>da</strong> done Seqmna, simulireba, gamokvleva, <strong>da</strong>proeqteba, konstruireba<br />
rac ufro ze<strong>da</strong> safexuris fsiqometrul mizans isaxavs maswavlebeli,<br />
miT rTulia <strong>da</strong> did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs unar-Cvevis <strong>da</strong>swavla.<br />
maswavlebels sWirdeba yoveli gakveTilis yuradRebiT <strong>da</strong>gegmva.<br />
maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> icodes ara mxolod ra mizans emsaxureba yoveli<br />
mecadineoba Tu leqcia, aramed ra Sedegs un<strong>da</strong> miaRwios; swavlebis<br />
procesi Sedegze un<strong>da</strong> iyos orientirebuli.
swavlis Sedegi es aris swavlis procesSi SeZenili axali codna <strong>da</strong><br />
unarebi. ganasxvaveben SeZenili unarebis 5 ZiriTad tips:<br />
inteleqtualur unarebs;<br />
verbalur informacias;<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebs;<br />
motorul Cvevebs;<br />
kognitur strategiebs.<br />
taqsonomiis msgavsad pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri miznebis orientirad SegviZlia<br />
gamoviyenoT swavlis Sedegi. SemogTavazebT e. ganies mier SemuSavebul<br />
swavlis Sedegebs <strong>da</strong> masze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebul pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebs,<br />
ro melic saWiroa mocemuli Sedegis misaRwevad.<br />
cxrili 5.3 swavlis Sedegis kavSiri pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur miznebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>swavlebisa</strong>Tvis saWiro pirobebTan.<br />
swavlis Sedegi mizani<br />
inteleqtualuri unarebi<br />
zogadi wesebis codna<br />
wesebis, kanonzomierebebis<br />
codna<br />
cnebebis codna<br />
gansxvavebis codna<br />
students un<strong>da</strong> See-<br />
Zlos awonis meTodiT,<br />
eleqtrotengamzomis<br />
gamoyenebiT merqnis<br />
tenianobis gansazRvra<br />
studentma un<strong>da</strong><br />
icodes merqnis mikroskopuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> makroskopuli<br />
agebuleba<br />
studentma un<strong>da</strong> Se-<br />
Zlos merqnis saxeebis<br />
CamoTvla<br />
studentma un<strong>da</strong> Se-<br />
Zlos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva detalis<br />
an xelsawyos gansxvaveba<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong>Tvis<br />
saWiro pirobebi<br />
saWiroa wesebis axsna;<br />
wesebis <strong>da</strong>swavlisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> gagebisaTvis<br />
verbaluri<br />
instruqciebis miwodeba<br />
aucilebelia ZiriTadi<br />
cnebebis, konkretuli<br />
magaliTebis<br />
ganxilva <strong>da</strong> ganmtkiceba<br />
----------------------------<br />
----------------------------<br />
un<strong>da</strong> moxdes masalis<br />
mravaljeradi<br />
ganmeoreba <strong>da</strong> ganmtkiceba<br />
47<br />
saswavlo miznebi
48<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
swavlebis martivi tipi<br />
(stimul reaqcia)<br />
verbaluri informacia<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
motoruli Cvevebi<br />
kognituri strategiebi<br />
sasurvelia, students<br />
hqondes swavlebis<br />
procesis, saswavleblisadmi<br />
pozitiuri<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
studentma un<strong>da</strong> Se-<br />
Zlos merqnis saxeebis<br />
CamoTvla<br />
students urCevnia Seminvis<br />
samuSaoebis Catareba,<br />
iatakis filebiT<br />
mopirkeTebas.<br />
students <strong>da</strong>xmarebis<br />
gareSe un<strong>da</strong> SeeZlos<br />
Seminvis samuSaoebis<br />
Catareba: Targis gamoyenebiT<br />
minis <strong>da</strong>Wra,<br />
Casma, <strong>da</strong>magreba, sagozavis<br />
wasma.<br />
studentma un<strong>da</strong><br />
mimarTos sakuTar<br />
strategias masalis<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxsovrebisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi ganmtkiceba:<br />
pozitiuri gamocdileba<br />
miwodebisas informacia<br />
Sinaarsis mixedviT<br />
kargad un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos organizebuli,<br />
aucilebelia arsisTvis<br />
xazis gasma, studentTa<br />
motivireba<br />
informaciis miwodeba<br />
saqmianobis<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sferoebis<br />
Sesaxeb<br />
verbaluri instruqcia,<br />
ganmtkiceba,<br />
praqtikuli mecadineoba<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxsovrebis efeqturi<br />
strategiebis<br />
ganxilva <strong>da</strong> swavleba
ogor SevarCioT swavlebis<br />
<strong>meTodebi</strong><br />
saswavlo kursis momzadebis dros erT-erTi umTavresi kiTxva,<br />
romelze<strong>da</strong>c maswavlebeli pasuxs saWiroebs, aris: rogor avarCio<br />
Cemi kursis <strong>swavlebisa</strong>Tvis yvelaze ufro Sesaferisi meTodi?<br />
dResdReisobiT swavlebis uamravi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva meTodia cnobili, maT<br />
Soris saxelobo ganaTlebaSic. yvela maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> SearCios<br />
swavlebis saTanado strategia <strong>da</strong> meTodika, romelic uzrunvelyofs<br />
studentebis mier masalis optimalur aTvisebas. pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri midgomebis<br />
arsebul simravleSi garkvevisaTvis gTavazobT ramdenime<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>cias:<br />
swavlebis meTodis SerCevisaTvis, pirvel rigSi, mkafiod un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
gansazRvruli swavlis Sedegebi: ra un<strong>da</strong> icodes <strong>da</strong> risi gakeTeba<br />
un<strong>da</strong> SeZlos studentma mocemuli saswavlo kursis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg?<br />
swavlis SedegebiT ganisazRvreba rogorc kursis Sinaarsi, aseve<br />
swavlebis meTodika <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> formatic.<br />
swavlis Sedegebis Camoyalibebis dros gaiTvaliswineT rogorc<br />
<strong>da</strong>rgobrivi codnis, aseve zogadi unarebis gamomuSavebis aucilebloba.<br />
anu studentma Tqveni kursis farglebSi un<strong>da</strong> SeiZinos ara<br />
marto <strong>da</strong>rgobrivi kompetencia, mag.: veb-gverdis dizaini, metalis<br />
detalebis gamoCarxva, eleqtroaparaturis SekeTeba <strong>da</strong> a.S., aramed<br />
iseTi zogadi unarebic, rogoricaa, mag.: komunikacia, jgufSi an <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
muSaoba, drois menejmenti <strong>da</strong> a.S. swavlis Sedegebis<br />
gansazRvrisas isic un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinoT, rom misaRwevi Sedegebi realisturi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos, anu <strong>da</strong>saxeT iseTi miznebi, romelTa miRwevac<br />
arsebuli resursebis pirobebSi SesaZlebeli iqneba.<br />
swavlis Sedegebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, ufro martivi iqneba Sesabamisi<br />
swavlebis meTodis SerCeva. Tu kursi Teoriuli xasiaTisaa <strong>da</strong> ar<br />
gulisxmobs praqtikuli unarebis gamomuSavebas, maSin mizanSewonili<br />
iqneba leqciis, seminarebisa <strong>da</strong> /an diskusiis meTodis gamoyeneba. Tu<br />
kursis farglebSi studenti garkveul praqtikul unarebs un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>euflos,<br />
maSin optimaluria demonstrirebis <strong>da</strong>/an proeqtebis meTodis<br />
gamoyeneba.<br />
aqve un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos saintereso momenti: kvlevebiT <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebulia,<br />
rom swavlebis meTodikis Sesaxeb ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas SemTxvevaTa<br />
90%-Si gansazRvravs saxelmZRvanelo. saxelobo ganaTlebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> saqarTveloSi dResdReisobiT arsebuli realobis gaTval-<br />
49
50<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
iswinebiT saxelmZRvaneloze <strong>da</strong>yrdnoba (misi praqtikulad ararsebobis<br />
gamo) namdvilad ar SeiZleba. ganmsazRvreli un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>gegmili<br />
swavlis Sedegebis miRweva.<br />
erTi kursis farglebSi SesaZloa swavlebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva meTodis gamoyeneba:<br />
mag.: <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi leqcia, mere ki seminari <strong>da</strong> diskusia; an <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi<br />
demonstrireba, mere ki proeqtebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
swavlebis meTodis gansazRvrisaTvis mniSvnelovania yvela detali:<br />
ramdeni saaTia gamoyofili am kursis <strong>swavlebisa</strong>Tvis;<br />
ramdeni studenti iqneba jgufSi;<br />
kursi/sagani savaldebuloa Tu arCeviTi;<br />
ra tipis saswavlo masalaa am kursis farglebSi gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
(saxelmZRvanelo, maswavleblis konspeqti Tu sxva);<br />
ra sagnebi <strong>da</strong> ra meTodiT aqvT studentebs ukve naswavli;<br />
ra sagnebs <strong>da</strong> am sagnis paralelurad ra meTodiT swavloben<br />
studentebi;<br />
rogori resursebia xelmisawvdomi <strong>swavlebisa</strong>Tvis (eleqtronuli<br />
media, laboratoria, saxelosno, Cveulebrivi saklaso<br />
oTaxi <strong>da</strong> a.S.)<br />
yvela saswavlo kurss misTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli swavlebis meTodika<br />
Seesabameba, Tumca uSualod swavlebis procesSi sruliad <strong>da</strong>saSvebia<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmili meTodikis Secvla; Tu maswavlebels miaCnia, rom student-<br />
Ta am konkretul jgufTan umjobesia sxvagvarad muSaoba <strong>da</strong> a.S.
7. 11.<br />
leqcia<br />
ra aris es?<br />
klasikuri ganmartebiT, leqcia aris garkveuli informaciis momcveli<br />
momzadebuli sityva auditoriis winaSe.<br />
leqcia warmoadgens studentTa didi raodenobisaTvis informaciis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemis efeqtur meTods. leqciis dros studentebs miewodebaT<br />
sistematizebuli codna, Sesaswavli sferos ZiriTadi koncefciebi <strong>da</strong><br />
Teoriebi. acnobs ra msmenels sabazo Teoriul informacias, leqcia<br />
sagnis SemdgomSi <strong>da</strong>moukideblad Seswavlis winapirobas qmnis.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c leqcia studentebisaTvis informaciis didi raodenobiT<br />
miwodebas uzrunvelyofs, amgvari swavlebis meTodis gamoyeneba<br />
mizanSewonilia Sesavali kursebisa <strong>da</strong> sagnebis Teoriuli nawilis<br />
Seswavlisas. <strong>profesiul</strong>i ganaTlebis specifiki<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, erTi<br />
sagnis farglebSi xSirad mogviwevs saleqcio swavlebis Sexameba swavlebis<br />
sxva meTodebTan, ase mag.:<br />
leqcia + praqtikuli mecadineoba;<br />
leqcia + seminari;<br />
leqcia + seminari + praqtikuli mecadineoba <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
studentebis raodenoba<br />
swavlebis <strong>meTodebi</strong><br />
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, leqciis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia student-<br />
Ta did jgufTan muSaoba. ramdena<strong>da</strong>c leqciis dros ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d maswavlebeli<br />
aris aqtiuri (is kiTxulobs leqcias) rTulia calsaxad<br />
ganisazRvros leqciaze <strong>da</strong>mswreb studentTa optimaluri raodenoba,<br />
es ZiriTad auditoriis//saklaso oTaxis tevadobazea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli.<br />
sauniversiteto tradicia icnobs ramdenime aseuli studentisaTvis<br />
leqciis wakiTxvis SemTxvevebs. saqarTveloSi <strong>profesiul</strong>i ganaTlebis<br />
sferoSi am etapze aseTi mravalricxovani auditoriis winaSe leqciis<br />
wakiTxva naklebad savaraudoa, Tumca sruliad SesaZlebelia, studentTa<br />
raodenoba ramdenime aTeuliT ganisazRvros.<br />
51
52<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
swavlebis saleqcio meTods mTeli rigi upiratesobebi aqvs: moicavs<br />
ra erTdroulad studentebis did raodenobas, leqcia swavlebis<br />
yvelaze ufro ekonomiuri meTodia, rodesac saqme exeba saswavlo ma -<br />
salis didi moculobis ga<strong>da</strong>cemas gansazRvrul droSi. logikurad organizebuli<br />
faqtebi <strong>da</strong> ideebi Tanamimdevrulad <strong>da</strong> swrafad miewodeba<br />
studentebs. saswavlo masala, romelic SesaZloa sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxelmZRvaneloSi<br />
iyos gabneuli <strong>da</strong> romlis moZiebaze studentebs bevri dro<br />
<strong>da</strong>exarjebo<strong>da</strong>T, leqciaze maT kompaqturad miewodebaT. leqcia avsebs<br />
swavlebis sxva meTodebs <strong>da</strong>, rogorc wesi, win uZRvis mag.: demonstrirebas<br />
an diskusias.<br />
bevri <strong>da</strong>debiTi mxaris miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, swavlebis saleqcio meTods ramdenime<br />
uaryofiTi aspeqtic axasiaTebs: leqcia xels ar uwyobs studentTa<br />
aqtiur monawileobas. swavla aqtiuri procesia, maSin rodesac<br />
leqcia studentebs pasiur msmenelad moiazrebs <strong>da</strong> maswavleblis<br />
aqtiurobas efuZneba. leqcia ver uzrunvelyofs swavlis Sedegebis<br />
sruli speqtris <strong>da</strong>farvas. ase mag.: praqtikuli an jgufSi muSaobis<br />
unarebi leqciaze namdvilad ver gamomuSavdeba. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, leqciaze<br />
rTulia imis <strong>da</strong>dgena, ramdenad kargad gaiges studentebma miwodebuli<br />
masala. maswavlebelma SesaZloa imaze meti informacia miawodos<br />
studentebs, vidre maT aTviseba SeuZliaT.<br />
sakmaod rTulia studentebis didi raodenobis yuradRebis mobilizeba<br />
<strong>da</strong> SenarCuneba leqciis ganmavlobaSi. maswavlebeli kargi oratori<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos, rom SeZlos <strong>da</strong>gegmili informaciis efeqturi ga<strong>da</strong>cema<br />
studentebisaTvis. rogorc cnobilia, studentebis yuradReba leqciis<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebi<strong>da</strong>n pirveli 10-15 wuTis Semdeg mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba <strong>da</strong> izrdeba<br />
leqciis <strong>da</strong>sasruls. Sesabamisad, sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma<br />
leqciis mimdinareobis dros gazardos studentTa monawileoba Car-<br />
Tuloba maTi mxri<strong>da</strong>n yuradRebis amaRlebis mizniT. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, leqciaze<br />
miRebuli codnis SenarCunebis xarisxi swavlebis aqtiur meTodebTan<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT bevrad ufro <strong>da</strong>balia; cnobilia, rom Cven wakiTxuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>/an mosmenili informaciis <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 10-20% vimaxsovrebT, maSin<br />
rodesac masalis moyolis an weris dros vimaxsovrebT mis 70%-mde,<br />
xolo yvelaze ufro efeqturia (90%-mde) aqtiurad Sesrulebuli samuSaos<br />
dros miRebuli codnis <strong>da</strong>maxsovrebis done.<br />
mokled leqciis <strong>da</strong>debiTi <strong>da</strong> uaryofiTi mxareebi ase SegviZlia<br />
<strong>da</strong>vajamoT:
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
Teoriuli informaciis miwodebis efeqturi meTodi;<br />
maswavleblis mier advilad kontrolirebadi saswavlo garemo<br />
ar saWiroebs specialur aRWurvilobas;<br />
variaciulobis didi potenciali.<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
meTodi gamouyenebelia praqtikuli unarebis <strong>swavlebisa</strong>Tvis;<br />
maswavlebelsa <strong>da</strong> studentebs Soris komunikaciis nakleboba;<br />
rTulia auditoriis yuradRebis SenarCuneba;<br />
leqciis momzadebas mniSvnelovani dro sWirdeba;<br />
Sefaseba leqciis procesSi garTulebulia;<br />
leqcia swavlebis formaluri teqnikaa <strong>da</strong> students<br />
pasiurs xdis.<br />
saswavlo garemo<br />
leqcia maqsimalurad gasagebi rom iyos, yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> mieqces<br />
auditoriaSi/saklaso oTaxSi msmenelTa ganTavsebas. tradiciulad<br />
gamoiyeneba auditoriis e.w. frontaluri stili – anu maswavlebeli<br />
dgas studentebis winaSe, rogorc wesi, <strong>da</strong>fasTan, xolo studentebi<br />
mwkrivebad arian ganlagebuli (ix. naxazi 7.1). maswavleblis xma yvelas<br />
kargad un<strong>da</strong> esmodes. Tu gaTvaliswinebulia TvalsaCinoebis gamoyeneba,<br />
maSin <strong>da</strong>fa/ekrani oTaxis nebismieri wertili<strong>da</strong>n kargad un<strong>da</strong><br />
Candes. maswavlebeli aseve kargad un<strong>da</strong> xe<strong>da</strong>vdes auditorias, raTa<br />
masTan kontaqti ar <strong>da</strong>kargos <strong>da</strong> SeamCnios msmenelTa reaqcia. mniSvnelovania,<br />
rom msmenelebs hqondeT weris saSualeba leqciis dros<br />
informaciis CaniSvnis mizniT.<br />
auditoriis frontaluri stiliT ganawileba xazs usvams maswavleblis<br />
aqtiur <strong>da</strong> msmenelTa erTgvarad pasiur rols, Tumca leqcia<br />
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar gamoricxavs msmenelTa CarTulobas <strong>da</strong> aqtiur<br />
diskusias – leqciis msvlelobisas studentebs un<strong>da</strong> SeeZloT<br />
SekiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma. cxadia, SekiTxvebi maswavlebelmac un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>svas,<br />
magram ara ganvlili masalis codnis Semowmebis mizniT, aramed imis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sadgenad, Tu ramdenad gasagebia mimdinare leqcia, raTa saWiroebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi droulad moxdes koreqtireba/<strong>da</strong>mateba.<br />
Tu msmenelTa auditoria mcirericxvovania (ar aRemateba 15 students),<br />
sasurvelia maTi ganTavseba ise, rom xeli Seewyos yoveli studentis<br />
aqtiur monawileobasa <strong>da</strong> CarTulobas leqciaSi. Sesabamisad<br />
gamoiyeneba ara frontaluri, aramed sadiskusio stili e.w.`U for-<br />
53<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
54<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
mati~ (ix. nax.: 7.2) studentebi <strong>da</strong> maswavlebeli ganlagebuli arian U<br />
formis magidis irgvliv ise, rom yvela erTmaneTs kargad xe<strong>da</strong>vs <strong>da</strong><br />
maswavlebels aqvs saSualeba, miuaxlovdes nebismier students.<br />
nax. 7.1 nax. 7.2<br />
leqciis frontaluri stili leqciis sadiskusio stili<br />
swavlebis <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebi<br />
radganac leqcia gulisxmobs sabazo informaciis miwodebas msmenelebisaTvis,<br />
romelic maTTvis gasagebi <strong>da</strong> advilad ga<strong>da</strong>samuSavebeli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba TvalsaCino masalis gamoyenebas.<br />
TvalsaCinoeba SesaZloa Semoifarglos mxolod teqstiT – leqtori<br />
saubris paralelurad informaciis ZiriTad punqtebs <strong>da</strong>faze/ekranze<br />
warmoadgens (rogorc wesi, winaswar momzadebuli prezentaciis saxiT<br />
ppt formatSi). es uadvilebs msmenelebs gaigon leqciis arsi <strong>da</strong> CainiSnon<br />
ZiriTadi momentebi. imave formatSi SesaZlebelia arateqsturi<br />
masalis, mag.: ruqebis, sqemebis, diagramebis, cxrilebis <strong>da</strong> a.S. prezentacia.<br />
Tu ama Tu im mizezis gamo SeuZlebelia prezentaciis momzadeba,<br />
maSin SesaZloa didi zomis tabulebis gamoyeneba – am SemTxvevaSi<br />
garkveul sirTules warmoadgens am TvalsaCinoebis ganTavseba <strong>da</strong>faze,<br />
misi moxsna <strong>da</strong> a.S. – es procesi xSirad asistirebas saWiroebs; asistentad<br />
SeiZleba studenti gamoviyenoT. TvalsaCinoebis gamoyeneba<br />
ar un<strong>da</strong> iqces TviTmiznad – TvalsaCinoeba un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>exmaros msmenels,<br />
ukeT gaigos leqciis farglebSi ga<strong>da</strong>sacemi informacia <strong>da</strong> gauadvilos<br />
mas momavalSi am masalis Seswavla. TvalsaCinoeba gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovania vizualuri tipis studentebisaTvis, visac mxedvelobiTi<br />
mexsiereba ukeT aqvs ganviTarebuli.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> adekvaturi formebi<br />
Tu saswavlo kursi mxolod leqciis formatiT iswavleba (anu araa
kombinirebuli swavlebis sxva meTodebTan), maSin leqciis dros miwodebuli<br />
masalis codnis Sesamowmeblad SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> rogorc weriTi, aseve zepiri formebi:<br />
weriTi Sefaseba zepiri Sefaseba<br />
• testi • kiTxva-pasuxi<br />
• Ria kiTxvebze pasuxi<br />
• Txzuleba/ese<br />
• prezentacia<br />
radganac leqcia ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d Teoriuli masalis asaTvisebla<strong>da</strong>a gankuTvnili,<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong>as ver gamoviyenebT praqtikuli unarebis demonstrirebas<br />
– mowmdeba Teoriuli codna.<br />
Tu leqcia sagnis swavlebis mxolod erT-erTi komponentia (mag.:<br />
praqtikul mecadineobasTan erTad), maSin SesaZlebelia <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sxva<br />
formebis gamoyenebac.<br />
magaliTebi<br />
mag.: N1<br />
Tema: saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli Taflovani mcenareebi <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />
mniSvneloba mefutkreobaSi<br />
mizani: studentebs gaacnos<br />
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli Taflovani mcenareebi, maTi <strong>da</strong>xasiaTeba,<br />
yvavilobis kalen<strong>da</strong>ruli vadebi;<br />
mcenareTa saneqtre produqtiuloba; mcenareebi<strong>da</strong>n miRebuli<br />
Taflis maxasiaTeblebi (feri, gemo, aromati, <strong>da</strong>kristaleba<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S).<br />
Taflovani mcenareebis mniSvneloba futkris sakvebi bazis mowyobasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> gaumjobesebaSi.<br />
maswavlebeli studentebs acnobs Taflovan mcenareebs Semdegi<br />
klasifikaciiT:<br />
mindvris (mzesumzira, esparceti, samyura, ZiZo <strong>da</strong> a.S.),<br />
mdelos;<br />
tyis (wabli, cacxvi, akacia, suro, <strong>da</strong> aS);<br />
baRis (vaSli, msxali, qliavi, atami <strong>da</strong> a.S.);<br />
subtropikuli mcenareebi (man<strong>da</strong>rini, forToxali, limoni<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S).<br />
55<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
56<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
maswavlebeli proeqtoriT uCvenebs studentebs mindvris jgufis<br />
Taflovan mcenareebs; uxsnis maTi yvavlobis kalen<strong>da</strong>rul vadebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
maTgan yvavilis mtvris aRebis vadebs; cxrilis saxiT uCvenebs Ti-<br />
Toeuli mcenaris saneqtre produqtiulobas, romelic sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mcenarisaTvis<br />
gansxvavebulia, magaliTad 1 ha-ze 40 kg, 100 kg, 200 kg <strong>da</strong><br />
a.S maswavlebeli studentebs uxsnis TiToeuli tipis mcenarisagan<br />
miRebuli Taflis upiratesobasa <strong>da</strong> nakls; uxsnis futkris sakvebi<br />
bazis gaumjobesebis meTodebs.<br />
mag.: N2<br />
Tema: sanitarul-teqnikur sistemaSi gamoyenebuli armatura<br />
mizani: studentebs avuxsnaT<br />
ra SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba is;<br />
aris Tu ara armaturis konstruqcia <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli misi muSaobis<br />
pirobebze, <strong>da</strong>niSnulebasa <strong>da</strong> sxva faqtorebze.<br />
maswavlebeli studentebs uxsnis, rom armaturis detalebis <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad<br />
gamoyenebuli masala un<strong>da</strong> akmayofilebdes mTel rig moTxovnebs,<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, eqspluataciis pirobebs. uxsnis ra saxisaa sakvalTebi,<br />
rogor arian isini milsadenTan SeerTebuli, rogor iketeba<br />
sakvalTis gasasvleli, an rogor iReba igi.<br />
studentma aseTi teqnikuri saxis sakiTxebi kargad un<strong>da</strong> gaigos <strong>da</strong><br />
praqtikaSi <strong>da</strong>moukideblad SeZlos maTi gamoyeneba; maswavlebeli axsnisas<br />
iyenebs TvalsaCinoebebsa <strong>da</strong> naxazebs; axsenebs studentebs, rogor<br />
aris maT saxlebSi gayvanili gaTboba <strong>da</strong> wyalmomarageba. is saSualebas<br />
aZlevs studentebs leqciis drosac xeliT Seexon paralelur<br />
sakvalTs moZravi SpindeliT, romelic gaTbobis sistemaSi gamoiyeneba;<br />
solur sakvalTs uZravi SpindeliT, romelic wyalmomaragebaSi<br />
gamoiyeneba. xazgasmiT uxsnis im masalebs, romlisganac <strong>da</strong>mzadebulia<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva detali.<br />
rekome<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
winaswar <strong>da</strong>gegmeT leqcia – leqciaze studentebs un<strong>da</strong> miawodoT<br />
ZiriTadi informacia, romelic mTeli masalis sruli<br />
aTvisebis winapirobas qmnis;<br />
saleqcio masala logikuri TanamimdevrobT un<strong>da</strong> iyos organizebuli<br />
(martivi<strong>da</strong>n rTulisaken) <strong>da</strong> advilad gasagebi auditoriisaTvis;
nu ga<strong>da</strong>tvirTavT erT leqcias bevri gansxvavebuli tipis informaciiT<br />
– SeecadeT TiTo leqcia TiTo Temis ganxilvas<br />
<strong>da</strong>uTmoT;<br />
`gaamdidreT~ Teoriuli leqcia konkretuli magaliTebiT;<br />
leqciis bolos <strong>da</strong>skvnis saxiT SeajameT ZiriTadi punqtebi;<br />
saleqcio kursis momzadebisas sasurvelia konsultacia gaiaroT<br />
Tqvens kolegebTan <strong>da</strong> SeaTanxmoT maTTan Tematika –<br />
momdevno saseminaro Tu praqtikuli mecadineobebi saleqcio<br />
kurss un<strong>da</strong> exmianebodes;<br />
SeamowmeT auditoria leqciis Catarebamde – <strong>da</strong>rwmundiT, rom<br />
leqciis mimdinareoba uzrunvelyofilia saWiro <strong>da</strong>mxmare sa-<br />
SualebebiT;<br />
kargad moamzadeT saleqcio masala – nu waikiTxavT wigni<strong>da</strong>n<br />
an konspeqti<strong>da</strong>n – moyeviT;<br />
waaxaliseT studentebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma;<br />
mudmivad iqonieT mxedvelobiTi kontaqti auditoriasTan;<br />
periodulad SeamowmeT, ramdenad `mogyvebaT~ auditoria <strong>da</strong><br />
mieciT Sesabamisi ukukavSiri.<br />
7. 22.<br />
seminari<br />
ra aris es?<br />
seminari warmoadgens swavlebis formas, romelic, rogorc wesi,<br />
studentTa mcirericxvovan jgufebSi mimdinareobs <strong>da</strong> studentebis<br />
aqtiur monawileobas gulisxmobs, rac, Tavis mxriv, xSirad jgufis<br />
winaSe samecniero statiis an Sesrulebuli proeqtis prezentaciiT<br />
gamoixateba. Cveulebriv seminaris monawileebi <strong>da</strong>mwyebebi ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyvnen. seminaris <strong>da</strong>niSnulebaa aswavlos studentebs maT mier arCeuli<br />
disciplinis meTodologiis gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> praqtikuli problemebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wra. xSirad seminari diskusiis an debatebis formas iRebs.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
ganmartebis Tanaxmad, seminari aris ama Tu im proeqtze momuSave<br />
57<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
58<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
studentTa jgufis Sexvedra, yvelasaTvis saintereso problemebis<br />
gan xilvis mizniT. Sesabamisad, seminaris gamoyeneba SeiZleba maSin,<br />
rodesac studentebs ukve <strong>da</strong>grovili aqvT garkveuli Teoriuli <strong>da</strong><br />
praqtikuli codna <strong>da</strong> SeuZliaT <strong>da</strong>moukideblad monacemebis, faqtebis<br />
wardgena-ganxilva. seminari, rogorc swavlebis <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli forma,<br />
iSviaTad gamoiyeneba; Zalian xSiria seminarebis kombinireba leqciebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>/an praqtikul mecadineobebTan, rodesac seminari leqciaze an<br />
praqtikumze SeZenili codnis ganmtkicebisaTvis gamoiyeneba.<br />
seminarze studentebi monacvleobiT warmoadgenen garkveul masalas,<br />
romelic SemdgomSi yvela monawilis mier ganixileba. <strong>profesiul</strong>i<br />
ganaTlebis SemTxvevaSi es SeiZleba iyos konkretuli praqtikuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebis Teoriuli aspeqtebi: leqciaze mosmenili masala, maswavleblis<br />
mier micemuli <strong>da</strong>valeba <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
seminarze moxsenebiT SeiZleba rogorc erTi studenti, aseve studentTa<br />
jgufi warsdges – es maswavleblis ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetia <strong>da</strong> cxadia,<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia warsadgeni masalis specifikaze. seminarze studentis<br />
moxsenebis xangrZlivobas, momdevno kiTxva-pasuxis, sesiisa <strong>da</strong> diskusiis<br />
formats maswavlebeli gansazRvravs. studentebi aucileblad winaswar<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen informirebuli `TamaSis wesebis~ Sesaxeb.<br />
kiTxva-pasuxi <strong>da</strong> diskusia seminaris yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovani<br />
nawilia <strong>da</strong> kargad gaZRolis pirobebSi is studentTa swavlebis yvelaze<br />
ufro efeqturi meTodia. Tumca, Tu diskusia kargad ar aris<br />
momzadebuli, studentebi SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>ibnen <strong>da</strong> diskusiis mTeli tvir-<br />
Ti maswavlebels <strong>da</strong>awves. SekiTxvebi momxsenebels, pirvel rigSi, Tavad<br />
studentebma un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>usvan – seminaris <strong>da</strong>niSnulebaa studentebSi,<br />
prezentirebis gar<strong>da</strong>, ganxilvis, debatebis kulturis gamomuSaveba.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
studentebis <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli <strong>da</strong> jgufuri muSaobis xelSewyoba;<br />
studentebSi kamaTis unaris gamomuSaveba;<br />
komunikacia;<br />
saseminaro masalis moZieba, referireba <strong>da</strong> analizi.<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
diskusiis marTvis problema;<br />
studentebis SesaZlo pasiuroba;
studentebis raodenoba<br />
rac ufro mcirericxvovania jgufi, miT ufro efeqturi iqneba yvela<br />
studentis monawileoba, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c seminari garkveuli sakiTxebis<br />
ganxilvas gulisxmobs. seminarze studentTa maqsimaluri raodenoba,<br />
Sesabamisad, ocs ar un<strong>da</strong> aRematebodes, xolo optimaluria maqsimum<br />
aTkacian jgufebSi Catarebuli seminari.<br />
saswavlo garemo<br />
seminaris dros gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba studentebis<br />
ganTavsebas klasSi/auditoriaSi – studentebis ganawileba xels un<strong>da</strong><br />
uwyobdes TiToeuli maTganis monawileobas ganxilvaSi. optimaluri<br />
Sedegi miiRweva, rodesac seminaris monawileebi, maswavleblis CaTvliT,<br />
`mrgvali~ magidis irgvliv iyrian Tavs (naxazi 7.3a, 7.3b. cxadia,<br />
<strong>da</strong>saSvebia nebismieri formis magidis gamoyeneba). didi zomis magidis<br />
ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi ubralod SesaZlebelia skamebi wriulad ganvalagoT<br />
(naxazi 7.4). gar<strong>da</strong> imisa, rom aseTi ganTavsebisas seminaris<br />
monawileebi erTmaneTs kargad xe<strong>da</strong>ven, maT Tanabrad SeuZliaT ganxilvaSi<br />
monawileoba; <strong>da</strong>, rac Zalian mniSvnelovania, SeuZliaT erTmaneTTan,<br />
<strong>da</strong> ara mxolod maswavlebelTan, saubari.<br />
nax.: 7.3a, 7.3b – seminari magi<strong>da</strong>sTan.<br />
nax.: 7.4 – seminari wriulad ganlagebuli skamebiT.<br />
59<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
60<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
swavlebis <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebi<br />
seminaris Catareba ar saWiroebs gansakuTrebul <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebs<br />
– momxsenebels SeiZleba tradiciuli <strong>da</strong>fa/ekrani <strong>da</strong> prezentaciis<br />
gamSvebi aparatura <strong>da</strong>sWirdes; anu seminari <strong>da</strong> leqcia erTnair<br />
teqnikur uzrunvelyofas moiTxovs.<br />
sasurvelia seminaris win studentebs <strong>da</strong>urigdeT gansaxilveli masala.<br />
studentebs un<strong>da</strong> SeeZloT Tavad seminaris mimdinareobis dros<br />
saintereso momentebis CaniSvna.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> adekvaturi formebi<br />
seminarze fasdeba rogorc momxsenebeli, ise diskusiaSi monawile<br />
yvela studenti. Sefaseba emyareba studentebis zepir gamosvlebs.<br />
momxseneblis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> Seafasos iseTi aspeqtebi,<br />
rogoricaa:<br />
moxsenebis struqtura – ramdenad mkafiod aris Camoyalibebuli<br />
masala, arsebobs Tu ara logikuri urTierTkavSiri wardgenil<br />
faqtebs Soris, gaakeTa Tu ara studentma Sesavali mimoxilva,<br />
axsna Tu ara meTodika, gamoitana Tu ara <strong>da</strong>skvnebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
gamoyenebuli masalis/wyaroebis sisrule;<br />
drois menejmenti – ramdenad eteva momxsenebeli gansazRvrul<br />
droSi;<br />
<strong>da</strong>smul kiTxvebze argumentirebuli pasuxebis gacemis unari<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
studentis diskusiaSi monawileoba fasdeba Semdegi aspeqtebiT:<br />
yuradReba;<br />
adekvaturi kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>smis unari;<br />
diskusiis unari.<br />
sasurvelia, seminaris <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis SeimuSavoT speciluri skala,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c mkafiod iqneba gansazRvruli, romeli kompetenciebi rogor<br />
fasdeba <strong>da</strong>, rac mTavaria, studentebs winaswar un<strong>da</strong> gaacnoT <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
kriteriumebi.<br />
gTavazobT seminaris <strong>Sefasebis</strong> magaliTs momxseneblis SemTxvevaSi;<br />
magaliTi gansazRvrulia 100 quliani <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis.
struqtura kvleva gamoyenebuli<br />
literatura<br />
drois<br />
menejmenti<br />
diskusiis<br />
unari<br />
10% 35% 15% 5% 35%<br />
magaliTebi<br />
Tema: avtomobilis samuxruWe sistema<br />
mizani: studentebma gaanalizon Tanamedrove avtomobilebze <strong>da</strong>montaJebuli<br />
Tvlebis blokirebis sawinaaRmdego (ABC) sistemis upiratesoba<br />
hidravlikur <strong>da</strong> pnevmatur samuxruWe sistemasTan mimarTebaSi.<br />
seminaris mosamzadeblad gamoyenebuli masalebi: sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> konstruqciis avtomobilis samuxruWe meqanizmebi, samuxruWe<br />
meqanizmebis amZravebi; internetSi mopovebuli masalebi.<br />
studentebi seminarisaTvis amzadeben prezentacias Tanamedrove avtomobilebze<br />
<strong>da</strong>montaJebuli Tvlebis blokirebis sawinaaRmdego (ABC)<br />
sistemis upiretesobis Sesaxeb.<br />
amisaTvis isini akeTeben arsebuli klasikuri tipis meqanizmebis analizs,<br />
swavloben muxruWebis amZravebis muSaobis princips, sagzao pirobebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>muxruWebis efeqturobas. analizis safuZvelze miRebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvnebis safuZvelze axdenen arsebuli konstruqciebisa <strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove<br />
antimablokirebeli sistemebis Se<strong>da</strong>rebas, ganixilaven avtomobilis<br />
<strong>da</strong>muxruWebis process <strong>da</strong> am procesis Semadgenel nawilebs.<br />
sistemis upiratesobis Cvenebis mizniT studentebi ganixilaven eqstremalur<br />
situacias: `avtomobilis <strong>da</strong>muxruWeba molipul gzaze~.<br />
studentebi xsnian, rom hidravlikuri <strong>da</strong> pnevmaturi samuxruWe sistemis<br />
SemTxvevaSi manqana curavs molipul gzaze, samuxruWe manZili<br />
izrdeba, rac iwvevs Sejaxebas.<br />
Semdeg aRweren Tanamedrove samuxruWe sistemis agebulebas. imave<br />
pirobebisaTvis Tanamedrove avtomobilebSi samuxruWe sistema Sedgeba<br />
Tvlebis siCqaris ga<strong>da</strong>mwodisa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mrTveliani samuxruWe mowyobilobisagan,<br />
romlebic erTmaneTTan kompiuteriT aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli.<br />
muxruWze <strong>da</strong>wolisas Tvlebis siCqaris ga<strong>da</strong>mwodi afiqsirebs moments,<br />
romelic uaxlovdeba avtomanqanis gaCerebas. Tu avtomobili agrZelebs<br />
moZraobas, kompiuteri iZleva signals rogorc gamorTvis, ise<br />
61<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
62<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
muxruWis CarTvis Sesaxeb, sanam avtomanqana mTlianad ar gaCerdeba.<br />
(ABC) iZleva saSualebas gamoricxos mocureba, amcirebs samuxruWe<br />
manZils <strong>da</strong> aCerebs avtomanqanas molipul gzaze.<br />
seminarze SesaZlebelia studentebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>matebiTi sakiTxebi<br />
wamoiWras; mag.:<br />
1. ra RonisZiebebis gatarebaa saWiro, rom (ABC) sistemam normalurad<br />
ifunqcioniros?<br />
2. ra konkretul situaciebSia efeqturi (ABC) sistemebi?<br />
3. rogor aris SesaZlebeli efeqturi <strong>da</strong>muxruWeba? <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
seminaris Catarebamde auxseniT studentebs, rogor un<strong>da</strong><br />
seminaris momzadeba: prezentaciisa <strong>da</strong> ganxilvisaTvis masalis<br />
moZieba, Semdeg ki referireba;<br />
Tu seminars studentTa jgufi amzadebs, <strong>da</strong>exmareT maT funqciebis<br />
ganawilebaSi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi seminaris efeqturoba<br />
<strong>da</strong>bali iqneba;<br />
swored SearCieT saseminaro Temebi – Tematika un<strong>da</strong> exmianebodes<br />
<strong>da</strong> xels uwyobdes mocemuli disciplinis ukeT Seswavlas;<br />
auxseniT studentebs seminaris dros SekiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>smis wesebi;<br />
seminaris bolos aucileblad SeajameT ZiriTadi punqtebi.<br />
7. 33.<br />
diskusia<br />
ra aris es?<br />
diskusia warmoadgens swavlebis meTods, rodesac (rogorc wesi)<br />
mas wavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT mimdinareobs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wina<strong>da</strong>debis,<br />
midgomis, ideis problemebis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris, <strong>meTodebi</strong>s jgufuri ganxilva.<br />
diskusia niSnavs sawinaaRmdego poziciebis polemikas, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva azris<br />
zepir (iSviaTad weriT) gamoxatvas.<br />
diskusia mimdinareobs maswavlebelsa <strong>da</strong> studentebs, an ufro iSviaTad,<br />
studentTa or jgufs Soris.
diskusiis warmatebuli warmarTvisaTvis maswavlebelma sworad un<strong>da</strong><br />
SearCios sadiskusio Tema <strong>da</strong> efeqturad gauZRves diskusias.<br />
rogor un<strong>da</strong> SevarCioT sadiskusio Tema? sadiskusiod SeiZleba gamoviyenoT<br />
nebismieri Tema, romlis Sesaxebac gansxvavebuli azri arsebobs.<br />
nebismier SemTxvevaSi studentebs sadiskusio Temaze sakmarisi<br />
codna un<strong>da</strong> hqondeT, rom SeeZloT sakuTari azris gamoTqma <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
gamarTleba an sxvisi azris gakritikeba – winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi diskusia<br />
azrs kargavs.<br />
diskusia Tavisi xasiaTiTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>niSnulebiT leqciis sruli antipodia<br />
– Tu leqciis dros maswavlebeli awvdis studentebs informacias,<br />
diskusiis dros studentebi arian aqtiuri <strong>da</strong> maswavlebeli iRebs<br />
maTgan informacias. rac ufro intensiuria diskusia, miT ufro efeqturia<br />
swavleba.<br />
diskusiisas mniSvnelovania kiTxvebis swori gamoyeneba. kiTxvebi<br />
Tavisi <strong>da</strong>niSnulebiT gansxvavdeba: diskusia iwyeba e.w. mTavari kiTxviT,<br />
romelic gansazRvravs diskusiis arss, warmoadgens sadiskusio<br />
sakiTxs. Semdeg maswavlebelma SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>svas <strong>da</strong>mazustebeli kiTxvebi,<br />
rom misces <strong>da</strong>/an Secvalos diskusiis mimarTuleba. <strong>da</strong>saSvebia<br />
studentis mier maswavleblisadmi <strong>da</strong>smuli kiTxvis ga<strong>da</strong>misamarTeba<br />
sxva studentisaTvis, raTa diskusiaSi yvela CaerTos.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
diskusia ar/ver warmoiqmneba cariel adgilas – saWiroa sadiskusio<br />
Tema. aseTi Tema SesaZloa SeirCes ukve garkveuli saswavlo masalis<br />
gavlis Semdeg – amdenad diskusia ar warmoadgens <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />
saswavlo kursis swavlebis erTaderT formats <strong>da</strong> is, rogorc wesi,<br />
swavlebis kombinirebuli formebis dros gamoiyeneba, mag.: leqciasTan<br />
an seminarTan erTad; an diskusia SeiZleba leqciis <strong>da</strong>/an seminaris<br />
Semadgeneli nawili gaxdes.<br />
Sesabamisad diskusias viyenebT leqciaze <strong>da</strong>/an praqtikul mecadineobaze<br />
garkveuli formaluri codnis miRebis Semdeg misi ganmtkicebis<br />
mizniT.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
diskusia argumentirebul oponirebas gulisxmobs. studentebis monawileoba<br />
polemikaSi maT mier axali codnis swraf aTvisebas uzrunvelyofs.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, diskusia xels uwyobs iseTi zogadi unarebis<br />
ganviTarebas, rogoricaa kritikuli azrovneba, komunikacia, jgufSi<br />
muSaoba, konfliqturi situaciebis regulireba, prezentacia.<br />
63<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
64<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
diskusiis dros ganxilul sakiTxebs studentebi yvelaze ufro<br />
kargad imaxsovreben;<br />
maSinac ki, Tu studentebs formaluri con<strong>da</strong> akliaT, diskusia<br />
kargi meTodia maTSi kritikuli azrovnebis gamomuSavebisa-<br />
Tvis;<br />
diskusia SeiZleba kargi motivatori iyos studentebisaTvis,<br />
<strong>da</strong> moukideblad moiZion informacia sadiskusio Temaze, rom<br />
uSualod diskusiis dros saTanado informacia hqondeT misi<br />
warmatebuli warmarTvisaTvis;<br />
diskusia leqciis msvlelobis dros kargi meTodia imis Sesamowmeblad,<br />
ramdenad gaiges studentebma miwodebuli informacia,<br />
ra aris Sesacvleli/<strong>da</strong>samatebeli <strong>da</strong> a.S.;<br />
studentebis monawileobis maRali xarisxi (CarTuloba).<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
Zalian rTulia sajarod gamoTqmul azrze uaris Tqma. diskusiis<br />
Sedegad, is mc<strong>da</strong>ric rom aRmoCndes, zog a<strong>da</strong>mians SeiZleba<br />
gauWirdes amis aRiareba;<br />
raodenobrivi SezRudva – efeqturi rom iyos, diskusiaSi 12<br />
kacze meti ar un<strong>da</strong> monawileobdes;<br />
cu<strong>da</strong>d <strong>da</strong>gegmilma diskusiam SeiZleba bevri dro moiTxovos <strong>da</strong><br />
arasasurvel Sedegze gagviyvanos;<br />
SezRudul droSi nakleb savaraudoa sadiskusio Temis yvela<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>vo aspeqtis sruli ganxilva;<br />
diskusia, rogorc wesi, Semoifargleba ori sawinaaRmdego azris//poziciis<br />
ganxilviT, maSin rodesac SesaZlebelia arsebobdes<br />
orze meti azri.<br />
studentebis raodenoba<br />
diskusia ver warimarTeba studentTa Zalian did jgufSi – TiToeul<br />
mxareze sasurvelia monawileobdes ara umetes 5-6 studentisa. mniSvnelovania,<br />
rom mxareebSi studentTa Tanabari raodenoba iyos warmodgenili.<br />
saswavlo garemo<br />
seminarisgan gansxvavebiT, sasurvelia `mowinaaRmdege~ mxareebi erTmaneTis<br />
pir<strong>da</strong>pir ganTavsdnen (ix. naxazi 7.5), xolo maswavlebels,
ogorc diskusiis fasilitators, un<strong>da</strong> SeeZlos orive jgufTan Tavisufali<br />
urTierToba.<br />
nax.:7.5 diskusiis dros studentTa ori jgufis<br />
ganawilebis sqema<br />
studentebs un<strong>da</strong> SeeZloT diskusiis dros saintereso momentebis<br />
CaniSvna an, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, <strong>da</strong>fis/ekranis gamoyeneba sakuTari<br />
poziciis wardgenisaTvis.<br />
Sesabamisad, diskusiisaTvis optimaluri saswavlo garemo principulad<br />
ar gansxvavdeba seminarisa <strong>da</strong> leqciis CatarebisaTvis aucilebeli<br />
garemosagan.<br />
swavlebis <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebi<br />
diskusiis Catareba, rogorc wesi, ar saWiroebs gansakuTrebul garemos<br />
an <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebs, Tumca sasurvelia tradiciuli <strong>da</strong>fis<br />
arseboba, diskusiaSi monawile mxareebs rom mieceT sakuTari azrebis<br />
vizualizaciis saSualeba.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> adekvaturi formebi<br />
iseve, rogorc seminaris <strong>Sefasebis</strong>as, aqac SegiZliaT winaswar <strong>da</strong>amuSavoT<br />
diskusiis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> principebi <strong>da</strong> gaacnoT is studentebs.<br />
rogorc wesi, fasdeba studentebis momzadebis done, aqtivoba, adekvaturi<br />
kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>smisa <strong>da</strong> kiTxvebze argumentirebuli pasuxis gacemis<br />
unari. <strong>da</strong>matebiT SeZleba Sefasdes jgufSi muSaobis unari, drois<br />
menejmenti, koreqtuloba <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
magaliTebi<br />
sfero: eleqtro-samontaJo samuSaoebi<br />
Tema: oTxma studentma miiRo <strong>da</strong>valeba, gaiyvanon arastan<strong>da</strong>rtu-<br />
65<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
66<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
li formis sadurglo saxelosnoSi eleqtro-gayvaniloba <strong>da</strong> gaakeTon<br />
ganaTeba, sa<strong>da</strong>c erTdroulad 12-15 studenti SeZlebs mecadineobas.<br />
mTavari amocanaa rogor <strong>da</strong>vamontaJoT ganaTeba, rom yvela students<br />
Tanabrad gaunawildes sinaTle.<br />
studentebs gansazRvruli aqvT gamosayenebeli masala, CamrTvelebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> ganaTebis naTurebis raodenoba.<br />
studentebs Soris diskusia warmoiSoba imasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, Tu<br />
rogor, ra adgilebSi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>montaJdes ganaTeba. erTi centralu ri<br />
ganaTeba Werze Tu individualuri ganaTebebi samuSao adgilebis mixedviT.<br />
diskusiaSi oTxive studenti iRebs monawileobas.<br />
sabolood, diskusiis Sedegad problema ga<strong>da</strong>iWra oTxive studentis<br />
azris gaTvaliswinebiT; miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad maT gansxvavebuli<br />
mosazrebebi hqon<strong>da</strong>T, ga<strong>da</strong>wyvites, ganaTeba <strong>da</strong>emontaJebinaT<br />
fanjrebis mdebareobis, saxelosnos saerTo farTobis, Weris<br />
simaRlisa <strong>da</strong> samuSao adgilebis ganlagebis mixedviT.<br />
diskusiis SejamebaSi moderatoris rols asruleb<strong>da</strong> maswavlebeli.<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
SearCieT Tema, romelic saintereso iqneba studentebisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rwmundiT, rom maT am Temaze sakmarisi codna gaaCniaT;<br />
SegiZliaT studentebs winaswar miuTiToT Sesabamisi literatura<br />
sadiskusio Temis <strong>da</strong>muSavebisaTvis;<br />
mkafiod gansazRvreT diskusiis Catarebis formati: vin <strong>da</strong><br />
ramdens laparakobs? ra TanamimdevrobiT? rogor un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vsvaT<br />
SekiTxvebi? <strong>da</strong> a.S.;<br />
gansazRvreT ZiriTadi wesebi, mag.:<br />
studentebma erTdroulad ar un<strong>da</strong> ilaparakon;<br />
un<strong>da</strong> moxdes poziciebis <strong>da</strong> ara pirovnebebis ganxilva;<br />
mkafiod gansazRvreT Tqveni roli: pirvel diskusiaze maswavlebeli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos moderatoric <strong>da</strong> fasilitatoric, momdevno<br />
diskusiebSi es roli SesaZloa studentebma monacvleobiT<br />
Seasrulon;<br />
nu iqnebiT dominanturi!;<br />
kargi meTodia, diskusiaSi monawile mxareebs misceT kiTxvaze<br />
pasuxis momzadebis saSualeba, romelic mere jgufis warmomadgenelma<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gaaxmovanos;<br />
aucileblad SeajameT boloSi diskusiis Sedegebi am meTodiT
naswavli masalis ganmtkicebis mizniT. <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi es maswavleblis<br />
funqciaa, xolo garkveuli gamocdilebis <strong>da</strong>grovebis<br />
Semdeg es studentebs <strong>da</strong>avaleT;<br />
uzrunvelyaviT diskusiaSi yvela studentis monawileoba,<br />
waaxaliseT kiTxvebiT Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT pasiuri studentebi;<br />
rogorc diskusiis wamyvani, nu gamoxatavT Tqvens pirad simpaTiasa<br />
Tu antipaTias mokamaTe mxareebis mier gamoTqmuli<br />
azrebisadmi – Tqveni amocanaa, iyoT neitraluri <strong>da</strong> yvelas-<br />
Tan erTnairi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba gqondeT;<br />
gaxsovdeT, rom, upirveles yovlisa, mniSvnelovania diskusiis<br />
unaris gamomuSaveba <strong>da</strong> mxolod Semdeg kiTxvebze swori<br />
pasuxebis miReba – studentebis faqtobriv codnas ubralo<br />
tradiciuli gamokiTxviTac SeamowmebT;<br />
Sesabamisad, sadiskusio kiTxvebi un<strong>da</strong> iwyebodes iseTi kiTxviTi<br />
sityvebiT, rogoricaa `ratom?~ <strong>da</strong> `rogor?~, vidre sityvebiT<br />
`vin?~, `ra?~, `rodis?~;<br />
iyaviT momTmeni, mieciT studentebs sakmarisi dro, argumentebis<br />
mosafiqreblad. gaxsovdeT, rom SekiTxvaze reaqciis<br />
dro <strong>da</strong> mo kidebulia kiTxvis sirTuleze; SesaZlebelia<br />
mosafiqrebeli drois gansazRvra diskusiis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde<br />
– esec TamaSis wesebSi un<strong>da</strong> iyos gawerili <strong>da</strong> studentebs Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve<br />
un<strong>da</strong> ecnobos.<br />
7. 44.<br />
problemaze orientirebuli swavleba<br />
ra aris es?<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTis wamyvan saganmanaTleblo <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebSi bolo 25 wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi warmatebiT gamoiyeneba <strong>swavlebisa</strong>dmi gansxvavebuli<br />
midgoma, e.w. Problem Based Learning (PBL) – problemaze orientirebuli<br />
swavleba, romlis arsi SemdegSi mdgomareobs: ZiriTadi saleqcio<br />
kursis paralelurad tardeba garkveuli problemisadmi miZRvnili interdisciplinaruli<br />
seminarebi, rac idealur pirobebs qmnis studentebis<br />
erToblivi muSaobisaTvis <strong>da</strong> ufro metad uwyobs xels farTo<br />
Tvalsawieris mqone maRalkvalificiuri kadrebis momzadebas. Teoriuli<br />
seminarebis Semdeg mcire jgufebad gaerTianebul studentebs<br />
67<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
68<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
eZlevaT saSualeba <strong>da</strong>moukideblad ga<strong>da</strong>Wran imave problematikisadmi<br />
miZRvnili amocanebi. saswavlo garemo maqsimalurad <strong>da</strong>axloebulia<br />
maT momaval samuSao pirobebTan. icvleba maswavleblisa <strong>da</strong> studentis<br />
tradiciuli rolebi: maswavlebeli ar `aswavlis~, am sityvis pir<strong>da</strong>piri<br />
mniSvnelobiT, is studentebs muSaobis mimarTulebas aZlevs, iwvevs<br />
diskusiebis `provocirebas~, exmareba xelsawyoebis gamoyenebaSi, magram<br />
muSaobis procesSi aqtiurad ar ereva <strong>da</strong> ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d meTvalyuris<br />
rolSia. PBL qmnis iseT garemos, sa<strong>da</strong>c swavleba ufro didi enTuziazmiT<br />
mimdinareobs, vidre saleqcio sistemis dros. es programa<br />
gamoricxavs masalis pasiur miwodebas, aqcentirebulia TviTon aqtiuri<br />
swavlis procesi <strong>da</strong> ara faqtobrivi informaciis <strong>da</strong>zepireba. gar<strong>da</strong><br />
amisa, jgufebad muSaoba xels uwyobs studentebSi kolegialobis<br />
grZnobis Camoyalibebas; studenti swavlobs pasuxismgeblobas jgufis<br />
sxva wevrebis mimarT. PBL xels uwyobs problemebis ga<strong>da</strong>WrisTvis<br />
aucilebeli moqnili strategiebis ganviTarebas, aCvevs studentebs<br />
analizs <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>moukidebel azrovnebas.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
problemaze orientirebuli swavleba, rogorc wesi, gamoiyeneba saganmanaTleblo<br />
programis bolos, rodesac studentebs ukve sakmarisi<br />
Teoriuli <strong>da</strong> praqtikuli <strong>da</strong>rgobrivi codna gaaCniaT imisaTvis,<br />
rom <strong>da</strong>moukideblad ganaxorcielon konkretuli proeqti <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>Wran<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxuli problema.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
swavlebis aqamde arsebuli sistemis paralelurad problemaze orientirebuli<br />
swavlebis Semotanam ara marto studentTa <strong>da</strong>intereseba<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gazardos, aramed leqtorTa momzadebis donec – mudmivad ganaxlebadi<br />
informaciis miwodeba gulisxmobs internetSi muSaobas <strong>da</strong><br />
axali masalebis gacnobas, ukve arsebul monacemebTan maT integrirebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>rgobriv sferos Soris kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>myarebas.<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
studentebi <strong>da</strong>moukideblad muSaoben;<br />
anviTarebs jgufSi muSaobis unars;<br />
xels uwyobs manamde sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sagnis farglebSi miRebuli<br />
codnis konsoli<strong>da</strong>cias;<br />
anviTarebs <strong>profesiul</strong> unarebs.
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
swavlebis Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT Zviri meTodia – saWiroebs specialur aR-<br />
Wurvilobas, masalebs.<br />
studentebis raodenoba<br />
problemaze orientirebuli swavleba jgufuri proeqtebis ganxorcielebas<br />
gulisxmobs. <strong>da</strong>rgis specifiki<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, erT proeqtze<br />
momuSave studentebis raodenoba jgufSi SeiZleba ori<strong>da</strong>n xuTamde<br />
meryeobdes.<br />
saswavlo garemo<br />
realur samuSao pirobebTan maqsimalurad <strong>da</strong>axloebuli garemo xels<br />
uwyobs <strong>profesiul</strong>i Tvisebebis Camoyalibebas. Tu saswavlebels ar<br />
aqvs saTanado saxelosnoebi, sasurvelia problemaze orientirebuli<br />
swavleba praqtikis gavlis dros ganxorcieldes uSualod praqtikis<br />
gavlis adgilze, samuSao pirobebSi. cxadia, problemis ga<strong>da</strong>WrisaTvis<br />
saWiro samuSaos nawili (mag. Teoriuli) SesaZlebelia saswavlebelSic<br />
ganxorcieldes.<br />
swavlebis <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebi<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c problemaze orientirebuli swavleba maqsimalurad realistur<br />
garemoSi un<strong>da</strong> mimdinareobdes, PBL warmatebuli ganxorcielebisTvis<br />
aucilebeli winapirobaa kargi materialur-teqnikuri<br />
bazisa <strong>da</strong> saTanado saswavlo resursebis arseboba. saswavlo resursebi<br />
gulisxmobs wignebs, samecniero Jurnalebs, kompiuterul programebs,<br />
internets, audio-vizualur masalasa <strong>da</strong> laboratoriul/ saxelosnos<br />
aRWurvilobas.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> adekvaturi formebi<br />
cxadia, swavlebis am meTodis <strong>da</strong>nergva studentTa codnis <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
sistemis Secvlasac gulisxmobs: aqamde arsebuli gamokiTxvis wesisa <strong>da</strong><br />
sakurso naSromebis praqtikis paralelurad aucilebelia SemuSavdes<br />
specialuri sistema Problem Based Learning-is procesSi studentTa muSaobis<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis.<br />
saerTaSoriso praqtiki<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, studentis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> kriteriumebi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos:<br />
69<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
70<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
jgufis muSaobaSi studentis monawileoba <strong>da</strong> aqtivoba;<br />
studentis wvlili problemis amoxsnaSi;<br />
literaturis <strong>da</strong>muSavebis xarisxi;<br />
praqtikuli samuSaoebis Sesrulebis dros <strong>profesiul</strong>i unar-<br />
Cvevebi.<br />
Teoriuli codnis <strong>Sefasebis</strong>as ki ukve <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebuli <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sistema<br />
gamoiyeneba: mravlobiTi arCevnis pasuxebi, praqtikuli kiTxvebi,<br />
interaqtiuli viqtorinebi (kompiuteruli programebis umravlesobas<br />
TviT<strong>Sefasebis</strong> sistema gaaCnia) <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
magaliTebi<br />
mag.: N1<br />
studentebs eZlevaT amocana: un<strong>da</strong> aigos erTsarTuliani, or oTaxiani<br />
binis centraluri fasadi, romlis reliefi sworia, simaRle 60<br />
sm-ia, sarTulis simaRle 1,80 m-ia, saxuravi 2 m-ia,saxuravis kexis simaRle<br />
ki 2,6 m-ia. studentebma sakiTxis ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenon<br />
naswavli masala, gamoTvalon kibis safexurebis raodenoba, fanjrebis<br />
ganlageba, <strong>da</strong>gegmon fasadi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
mag.: N2<br />
studentebs eZlevT Semdegi sakiTxi gansaxilvelad: avtomobilis<br />
<strong>da</strong>qoqvisas starteri brunavs, magram Zravi ar iqoqeba. studentebma<br />
un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>adginon problemis gamomwvevi mizezebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gegmon problemis<br />
aRmosafxvrelad saWiro moqmedebebi.<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
SearCieT iseTi problema, romlis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris teqnikuri saSualebebis<br />
uzrunvelyofac SesaZlebelia;<br />
iyaviT momTmeni, mieciT studentebs <strong>da</strong>moukideblad muSaobis<br />
saSualeba, CaerieT mxolod ukidures SemTxvevaSi.
7. 55.<br />
demonstrirebiT swavleba<br />
ra aris es?<br />
demonstrireba warmoadgens praqtikuli swavlebis formas <strong>da</strong> gulisxmobs<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebis, proceduris uSualo Sesrulebas, rasac Tan maswavleblis/instruqtoris<br />
axsna-ganmarteba axlavs.<br />
demonstracia aris swavlebis teqnika, romelic moicavs zepir axsna-ganmartebas<br />
(instruqutaJs) <strong>da</strong> konkretuli <strong>da</strong>valebis, amocanis<br />
keTebas faqtebis, procesebisa <strong>da</strong> koncefciebis axsnis mizniT. is gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovania praqtikuli unarebis <strong>swavlebisa</strong>s.<br />
demonstraciis dros auditoria pasiuria, magram SemdgomSi studentebs<br />
uwevT nanaxis <strong>da</strong>moukideblad Sesruleba. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, studentebs<br />
un<strong>da</strong> SeeZloT demonstraciis procesSi SekiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
demonstrirebis meTods mimarTaven praqtikuli unarebis <strong>swavlebisa</strong>s.<br />
is SeiZleba gamoviyenoT leqciasTan kombinaciaSi, magram ufro<br />
upriania demonstraciis Catareba praqtikuli mecadineobis win.<br />
demonstrireba aris studentebis mier praqtikuli unarebis aTvisebis<br />
winapiroba: studentebi xe<strong>da</strong>ven gamocdili maswavleblis/instruqtoris<br />
mier Sesrulebul samuSao proceduras <strong>da</strong> eZlevaT saSualeba,<br />
praqtikaze gaimeoron nanaxi.<br />
demonstrirebisas mniSvnelovania gameorebaTa raodenoba. optimaluria<br />
samjeradi demonstracia.<br />
pirveli demonstraciis dros studentebs movlenasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva emocia uCndebaT, es xels uSlis masalis aTvisebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
detalebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebaSi.<br />
gameorebiTi demonstraciis dros studentebi ukve aqceven yuradRebas<br />
mniSvnelovan detalebs, masalis <strong>da</strong>xsomebisaTvis saWiro niuansebs.<br />
mag.: qimiis leqciaze maswavlebeli atarebs c<strong>da</strong>s. cdis <strong>da</strong>srulebis<br />
Semdeg erT-erTi studenti kiTxulobs, Tu ra Sedegi miiRes<br />
cdis Sedegad. amitom racionaluria, moqmedebis kargad swavlebis<br />
mizniT cdis ramodenimejer gameoreba, raTa, individualuri gansxvavebebis<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, yvela studentma gaamaxvilos yuradReba mniSvnelovan<br />
detalebze.<br />
Tu demonstraciis Semdeg studentebs ar miecemaT saSualeba,<br />
gaimeoron nanaxi procesi <strong>da</strong>moukideblad praqtikuli mecadineobis<br />
dros, es midgoma azrs kargavs. demonstrirebis gameorebaTa raode-<br />
71<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
72<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
noba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia procesis Semadgeneli etapebis, kvanZebis, meqanizmebis<br />
raodenobasa <strong>da</strong> sakiTxis sirTuleze.<br />
mag.: instruqtori sportul <strong>da</strong>rbazSi axdens rgolebze aWimvis demonstrirebas;<br />
pirvel Cvenebaze studentebSi emocia sWarbobs, magram<br />
misi meored <strong>da</strong> mesamed Senelebul tempSi gameorebisa <strong>da</strong> axsna-ganmartebis<br />
Semdeg studentebi ukve amCneven ZiriTad niuansebs.<br />
demonstrirebis Semdeg studentebi un<strong>da</strong> wavaxalisoT, Tava<strong>da</strong>c scadon<br />
nanaxis gameoreba Sesabamisi instruqtaJis TanxlebiT.<br />
an mag.: lilvi<strong>da</strong>n saxsnelis saSualebiT, Skivis an kbilana Tvlis<br />
moxsnis xerxs studentebs uCvenebT Cveulebriv samuSao tempSi, Semdeg<br />
am xerxis calkeuli elementebis saxsnelis momzadebasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>yenebas,<br />
saval-xraxniani saxeluris mobrunebas saxsnelsa <strong>da</strong> TviT Skivis<br />
moxsnas – Senelebul tempSi. es studentebs exmareba yvela detalis<br />
<strong>da</strong>fiqsirebaSi. amasTanave, ganvmartavT, Tu ratom Zvreba xan<strong>da</strong>xan saxsneli,<br />
uCvenebT Skivis pirmodebis adgils <strong>da</strong> a.S. muSaobis xerxis<br />
gamtkicebis mizniT, <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli savarjiSos <strong>da</strong>wyebamde SegiZliaT<br />
ramodenime students SesTavazoT naCvenebi xerxebis gameoreba.<br />
demonstrireba swavlebis e.w 4-etapiani meTodis mniSvnelovani<br />
komponentia; is unar-Cvevebis asaTviseblad gamoiyeneba. mag.: sazeinklo<br />
saqmeSi.<br />
es meTodi eyrdnoba bihevioristul Teorias, romlis mixedviT<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong>Tvis umniSvnelovanesia varjiSi <strong>da</strong> swori ukukavSiri;<br />
4-etapiani meTodis gamoyenebisas praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis swavleba<br />
warmoebs Semdeg oTx etapad: axsna, demonstrireba-Cveneba, imitireba<br />
<strong>da</strong> varjiSi.<br />
I etapze instruqtori studentebs uxsnis, ganumartavs, ra un<strong>da</strong><br />
gakeTdes. is studntebs ga<strong>da</strong>scems detalur informacias Sesasrulebeli<br />
samuSaos Sesaxeb;<br />
II etapze ostati studentebs aCvenebs, demonstrirebas axdens,<br />
rogor un<strong>da</strong> Sesruldes konkretuli samuSao. ostati demonstrirebasTan<br />
erTad akeTebs komentarebsac;
III etapze moswavleebi cal-calke axdenen demonstrirebuli moqmedebis<br />
imitirebas. ostati studentebs aZlevs ukukavSirs Sesrulebaze;<br />
IV etapze, mas Semdeg, rac TiTeuli studenti gaigebs Sesrulebis<br />
wesebs <strong>da</strong> aseve Seasrulebs konkretul samuSaos, axdens am samuSaos<br />
mravaljerad gamoeabas, varjiSs. instruqtori afasebs Sesrulebas.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT advilia studentebis yuradRebis mobilizeba <strong>da</strong><br />
SenarCuneba;<br />
demonstracia xels uwyobs gamocdilebis SeZenas;<br />
xels uwyobs manamde aTvisebuli Teoriuli codnis ganmtkicebas,<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c ideebisa <strong>da</strong> koncefciebis TvalsaCino ilustracias<br />
warmoadgens.<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
cu<strong>da</strong>d momzadebis pirobebSi demonstracia SeiZleba Cavardes;<br />
demonstracia SeuZlebelia//garTulebulia mravalricxovani<br />
auditoriis pirobebSi;<br />
mcirea auditoriis Tanamonawileoba.<br />
studentebis raodenoba<br />
studentebis raodenoba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia demonstraciis specifikaze.<br />
aucilebelia ZiriTadi principis <strong>da</strong>cva – demonstracias yvela kargad<br />
un<strong>da</strong> xe<strong>da</strong>vdes, yvelas kargad un<strong>da</strong> esmodes maswavleblisa Tu<br />
instruqtoris axsna-ganmarteba.<br />
cxadia, SesaZlebelia specialuri video aparaturis gamoyeneba, romelic<br />
did ekranze gamoitans demonstraciis process <strong>da</strong> amiT mniSvnelovnad<br />
gazrdis auditoriis interess.<br />
sasurvelia demonstraciis dros studentebis raodenoba ar aRematebodes<br />
aTs, raTa TiToeul students mieces procesis maqsimalurad<br />
kargad naxva-gagebis saSualeba.<br />
73<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
74<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
saswavlo garemo<br />
garemo maqsimalurad un<strong>da</strong> iyos miaxloebuli mocemuli proceduris//moqmedebis<br />
ganxorcielebis realur pirobebTan – anu mag.: kerZebis<br />
momzadebis demonstrireba un<strong>da</strong> xdebodes samzareuloSi, liTonis<br />
detalebis gamoCarxva – saamqroSi an specialur saxelosnoSi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
Tumca SesaZlebelia mTeli rigi procesebis demonstrireba Cveulebriv<br />
saklaso oTaxSi moxdes, Tu es procedura ar saWiroebs usafrTxoebis<br />
gansakuTrebuli wesebis <strong>da</strong>cvas. magram mainc sasurvelia realurTan<br />
maqsimalurad miaxloebul pirobebSi muSaoba. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT<br />
imasac, rom demonstraciis Semdeg sasurvelia studentebma Tavad<br />
praqtikulad Seasrulon//gaimeoron nanaxi procedura, maSin realur-<br />
Tan miaxloebuli saswavlo garemos mniSvneloba gasagebi xdeba.<br />
demonstraciis dros maswavlebeli//instruqtori muSaobs Sesabamisi<br />
aRWurvilobiT, xolo studentebi mis irgvliv arian ganTavsebuli<br />
ise, rom kargad xe<strong>da</strong>vdnen process <strong>da</strong> kargad esmodeT maswavleblis<br />
axsna-ganmarteba (nax. 7.6).<br />
nax.: 7.6 demonstraciis dros maswavleblisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> studentebis ganawilebis sqema.<br />
swavlebis <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebi<br />
demonstracia leqciasTan, seminarsa <strong>da</strong> diskusiaTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
swavlebis Zviri meTodia, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c realur samuSao garemos <strong>da</strong> Sesabamis<br />
masalebs moiTxovs.<br />
warmatebuli demonstraciisaTvis maswavlebels//instruqtors xelT<br />
un<strong>da</strong> hqondes yvelaferi, rac saWiroa mocemuli proceduris CvenebisaTvis<br />
– masalis/ingredientebis siZviris an xelmiuwvdomlobis Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi <strong>da</strong>saSvebia modelebis gamoyeneba. aseve teqnikuri naxazebi an<br />
eleqtrosqemebi, samuSao gegmebi naxazebis saxiT, rukebi; xSirad gansakuTrebiT<br />
ZviradRirebul an iSviTad gamoyenebad samuSao process
iReben videoze <strong>da</strong> studentebs video-masalas warudgenen – cxadia,<br />
es saSualebas iZleva studentebs ramdenjerme gavumeoroT Cveneba<br />
zedmeti <strong>da</strong>naxarjebis gareSe, magram saWiroebs sawyiss investicias<br />
video-aparaturis SeZenisaTvis. gasaTvaliswinebelia filmis, video<br />
masalis Cvenebis xangrZlivoba. sakmarisia 5-10 wuTi, raTa studentebi<br />
ar ga<strong>da</strong>iRalon <strong>da</strong> ZiriTadi momentebi mxedvelobi<strong>da</strong>n ar gamorCeT.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> adekvaturi formebi<br />
demonstracia swavlebis meTodia, romlis drosac aqtiuria maswavlebeli//instruqtori<br />
– studentebi am SemTxvevaSi pasiuri <strong>da</strong>mkvirveblebi<br />
arian. studentebis Sefaseba SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin,<br />
rodesac isini praqtikul <strong>da</strong>valebas asruleben – anu imeoreben demonstraciaze<br />
nanax samuSao process maswavleblis ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobis qveS.<br />
Sesabamisad, vafasebT ara demonstracias, aramed studentebis praqtikul<br />
unarebs, romelTa gamomuSavebasac demonstraciam xeli un<strong>da</strong><br />
Seuwyos. studentis mier praqtiuli samuSao fasdeba Sesrulebis sizustis<br />
mixedviT. <strong>Sefasebis</strong> kriteriumebia:<br />
instruqciis <strong>da</strong>cva;<br />
samuSao procesis usafrTxoebis wesebis <strong>da</strong>cva;<br />
masalis sworad SerCeva <strong>da</strong> gamoyeneba;<br />
samuSao procesis droSi swori ganawileba.<br />
magaliTebi<br />
mag.: N1<br />
Tema: saxeloze manJetis mikereba<br />
maswavlebeli studentebs uxsnis saxeloze manJetis mikerebas, risTvisac<br />
axdens demonstrirebas Semdegi TanamimdevrobiT: manJetis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba,<br />
misi ze<strong>da</strong> nawilis mikereba saxelos bolo ganaWer napirze<br />
<strong>da</strong> qve<strong>da</strong> Cakecili nawilis <strong>da</strong>gviristeba; maswavlebeli studentebs<br />
uCvenebs, rom <strong>da</strong>muSaveba xdeba ori gviristiT. demonstrirebis Semdeg<br />
studentebi <strong>da</strong>valebas <strong>da</strong>moukideblad asrulben.<br />
aseve, instruqtori axdens imave sakiTxis ufro gamartivebuli proceduris<br />
demonstrirebas: manJetis ze<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> qve<strong>da</strong> mxareebs kecavs<br />
uTos saSualebiT, maT Soris aTavsebs saxelos bolo ganaWer napirs<br />
<strong>da</strong> amuSavebs mxolod erTi gviristiT, rac ufro ekonomiuria droisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> resursebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
75<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
76<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
mag.: N2<br />
maswavlebeli studentebTan atarebs urTierTobis kulturis gakveTils.<br />
demonstrirebis Tema – organizaciaSi mowveul stumrebTan mdivan-<br />
TanaSemwis pirveli kontaqti.<br />
maswavlebeli uxsnis studentebs, aseT SemTxvevaSi ras eqceva, pirvel<br />
rigSi, yuradReba – saxis gamometyvelebas, Rimils, metyvelebas.<br />
aRniSnulis demonstrirebas maswavlebeli axdens orjer <strong>da</strong> TiToeuli<br />
studenti Semdeg imeorebs mas.<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
mkafiod gansazRvreT demonstraciis amocana/<strong>da</strong>niSnuleba<br />
– ra un<strong>da</strong> iswavlos//risi gakeTeba un<strong>da</strong> SeZlos studentma<br />
Tqveni demonstraciis Semdeg?;<br />
zustad un<strong>da</strong> icodeT Tqveni studentebis momzadebis done<br />
– vis utarebT demonstracias? ra sabazo codna gaaCniaT maT<br />
ukve?;<br />
SearCieT demonstraciisaTvis sakiTxi, romelic:<br />
sainteresoa auditoriisaTvis;<br />
exmaureba saswavlo programas;<br />
Seesabameba maswavleblis kompetencias;<br />
sagul<strong>da</strong>gulod moamzadeT demonstracia: xelT gqondeT yvela<br />
saWiro masala <strong>da</strong> ingredienti (gamoiyeneT is masala, romelic<br />
praqtikaSi ixmareba); gamoscadeT teqnika <strong>da</strong> aRWurviloba<br />
demonstraciis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde; moamzadeT <strong>da</strong>sarigebeli masala,<br />
romelic demonstraciis Sesaxeb axsna-ganmartebas moicavs;<br />
CaicviT saTanado tansacmeli, gamoiyeneT usafrTxoebisaTvis<br />
saWiro <strong>da</strong>matebiTi saSualebebi. mag.: usafrTxoebis saTvaleebi<br />
an xelTaTmanebi <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
demonstraciis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde gaakeTeT mokle Sesavali – ris<br />
Cvenebas apirebT, romel Teoriul masalas exmaureba demonstracia;<br />
mihyeviT demonstracias nabij-nabij, axseniT yoveli etapi/
nabiji, procesi Tu faqti;<br />
moqmedebebi gaimeoreT ramdenjerme;<br />
ilaparakeT garkveviT, rom yvelas kargad esmodes. SeinarCuneT<br />
auditoriasTan mxedvelobiTi kontaqti;<br />
Tu demonstracia amis saSualebas iZleva, CarTeT studentebic<br />
demonstraciis garkveul etapze, mag.: kerZis momzadebisas<br />
andeT maT produqtebis <strong>da</strong>Wra <strong>da</strong> a.S.;<br />
demonstraciis <strong>da</strong>srulebisas SeajameT Sesrulebuli<br />
samuSao.<br />
7. 66.<br />
muSaobis dros instruqtaJis miReba<br />
ra aris es?<br />
instruqtaJi aris praqtikuli swavlebis Semadgeneli nawili, romelic<br />
gulisxmobs sxa<strong>da</strong>sxva saqmianobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT zusti informaciisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> samoqmedo gegmis miwodebas instruqtoris an maswavleblis<br />
mier. instruqtaJi Cveulebriv win uswrebs praqtikuli savarjiSoebis<br />
Sesrulebas. instruqtaJis mizania codnis ga<strong>da</strong>cema, romelic samuSao<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebis Sesasruleblad aris saWiro.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
instruqtaJs viyenebT maSin, rodesac gvin<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva praqtikuli<br />
unar-Cvevis Camoyalibeba. instruqtaJi aseve moicavs Teoriuli masalis<br />
im nawils, romelic mocemuli Cvevis <strong>da</strong>uflebisTvisaa aucilebeli.<br />
instruqtaJi Cvulebriv 20-30 wuTi grZeldeba. amitom instruqta-<br />
Jis efeqturad CatarebisaTvis saWiroa miznebis zustad <strong>da</strong>gegmva <strong>da</strong><br />
organizeba.<br />
instruqtaJi praqtikuli swavlebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva meTodis Serwymis<br />
specifikuri formaa. mag.: Tu specsagnis pe<strong>da</strong>gogi xsnis teqnologiuri<br />
procesebis proeqtirebas, maSin mas SeuZlia, rom aCvenos stu-<br />
77<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
78<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
dentebs teqnologiuri ruka, romelic am SemTxvevaSi warmoadgens<br />
TavlsaCinoebas, anu maswavlebeli iyenebs demonstrirebis meTods.<br />
magram igive ruka amave studentebisaTvis praqtikul mecadineobaze<br />
saswavlo-sawarmoo <strong>da</strong>valebis Sesasruleblad sruliad sxva rols<br />
iTamaSebs. es iqneba ara TvalsaCinoeba, aramed sainstruqcio ruka,<br />
romelSic SesaZlebelia mocemuli iyos sqemebi, naxazebi, suraTebi;<br />
mTlianobaSi igi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT rogorc instruqtaJis erTerTi<br />
forma; instruqtaJi SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc mecadineobebis<br />
struqturuli elementi.<br />
asxvaveben Sesaval, mimdinare <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvniT instruqtaJs. isini tardeba<br />
samuSaos <strong>da</strong>wyebamde, muSaobis dros <strong>da</strong> muSaobis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebis<br />
Semdeg.<br />
Sesavali <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvniTi instruqtaJi jgufurad tardeba, xolo mimdinare<br />
instruqtaJi ufro metad individualurad mimdinareobs.<br />
instruqtaJi mimdinare gegmas hgavs. studentisaTvis aucilebelia<br />
saqmianobis zusti axsna <strong>da</strong> demonstracia.<br />
Sesavali instruqtaJi yovelTvis erTi moculobis ar aris. studentis<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukideblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde saWiroa yvela punqtis<br />
<strong>da</strong>zusteba.<br />
Sesavali instruqtaJi un<strong>da</strong> moicavdes Zveli masalis ganmeorebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
axlis axsna-<strong>da</strong>zustebas, gansaxorcielebeli qcevis demonstracias.<br />
Sromis <strong>da</strong>cvis instruqtaJis dros yuradReba eqceva pirad usafrTxoebas,<br />
aseve qmedebebs, romlebic Tavi<strong>da</strong>n agvacilebs sawarmoo<br />
procesis <strong>da</strong>rRvevas, xanZars. aucilebelia ga<strong>da</strong>udebeli <strong>da</strong>xmarebis<br />
yuTi. Sromis <strong>da</strong>cvis instruqtaJi aucileblad un<strong>da</strong> Catardes TiToeuli<br />
studentisaTvis. Sromis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> usafrTxoebis teqnikis yovelgvari<br />
normebis <strong>da</strong>rRveva isjeba kanonis mixedviT. amitom, studentebi<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve saWiroeben Sromis procesSi <strong>da</strong>kvirvebiT muSaobas.<br />
Sesavali instruqtaJis dros studentebs un<strong>da</strong> gavacnoT:<br />
Sesasrulebeli samuSaos Sinaarsi;<br />
samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis saWiro iaraR-samarjvebi,<br />
<strong>da</strong>nadgarebi;<br />
teqnikuri dokumentacia;<br />
samuSao adgilis organizacia;<br />
samuSaos Sesrulebis wesebi <strong>da</strong> Tanamimdevroba;<br />
samuSaos Sesrulebis xerxebi;<br />
yvelaze gavrcelebuli Secdomebi;<br />
usafrTxoebis teqnika;
mimdinare instruqtaJi individualurad miewodebaT studentebs,<br />
amitom is yovelTvis gansxvavebulia. mimdinare instruqtaJis dros<br />
igive <strong>meTodebi</strong> gamoiyeneba, rac Sesavali instruqtaJis dros. mag.:<br />
axsna-demonstracia, zepiri instruqcia. mimdinare instruqtaJi ufro<br />
lakonuria <strong>da</strong> did dros ar un<strong>da</strong> saWiroebdes.<br />
mxolod studentis Sromaze sistemuri <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis saSualebiT aris<br />
SesaZlebeli studentTa Secdomebis <strong>da</strong>fiqsireba, Sefaseba, mizezebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgena <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebis gzebis ganxorcieleba.<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvniTi instruqtaJi aucilebelia Sesrulebuli samuSaos Semdeg.<br />
am dros xdeba ganxilva muSaobis dros <strong>da</strong>Svebuli Secdomebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
miTiTebebis micema Semdgomi mecadineobisaTvis.<br />
mag.: transportze momuSave pirs aucileblad un<strong>da</strong> hqondes gavlili<br />
usafrTxoebis teqnikisa <strong>da</strong> xanZarsawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebis,<br />
moZraobis wesebis <strong>da</strong>cvis, eqspluataciis, mgzavrTa ga<strong>da</strong>yvanis instruqtaJi.<br />
aseve mniSvnelovania usafrTxoebis teqnika sawvavisa <strong>da</strong><br />
antifrizis xmarebis, akumulatorTa batariebze muSaobis SemTxvevaSi,<br />
TviTmcleli avtomobilebis amwevi meqanizmiT muSaobisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>satvirT-ganmtvirTavi<br />
samuSaoebis dros.<br />
studentTa <strong>da</strong>moukidebelad muSaobisa <strong>da</strong> mimdinare instruqtaJis<br />
dros un<strong>da</strong> CamovuaroT TiToeul students <strong>da</strong> SevamowmoT, sworad<br />
aris Tu ara SerCeuli samuSao iaraRebi, <strong>da</strong>culia Tu ara usafrTxoebis<br />
zomebi.<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvniTi instruqtaJis dros saWiroa SevajamoT eleqtro drelze<br />
<strong>da</strong> saburR Carxze studentTa muSaobis Sedegebi, Sesrulebuli samuSaos<br />
xarisxi.<br />
studentebis raodenoba<br />
Sesavali <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvniTi instruqtaJi tardeba mcire zomis jgufebSi;<br />
mimdinare instruqtaJi rekomendebulia, rom yvela studentTan individualurad<br />
Catardes.<br />
saswavlo garemo<br />
instrutaJi tardeba saswavlo SenobaSi samuSao adgilze an praqtikis<br />
adgilas saqmianobisaTvis Sesaferisi saSualebebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
swavlebis <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebi<br />
TvalsaCinoeba SesaZloa warmodgenili iyos prezentaciebiT, ro-<br />
79<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
80<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
melic moicavs instruqtaJis ZiriTad punqtebs. imave formatSi Sesa-<br />
Zlebelia mag.: ruqebis, sqemebis, diagramebis, cxrilebis <strong>da</strong> a.S. prezentacia.<br />
aseve SesaZloa didi zomis tabulebis gamoyeneba. sasurvelia<br />
studentebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>mzaddes <strong>da</strong>sarigebeli masalebi.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> adekvaturi formebi<br />
instruqtaJis efeqturoba fasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad gaiTvaliswina<br />
studentma miRebuli informacia praqtikuli amocanis<br />
Sesrulebisas anu fasdeba praqtikuli samuSao.<br />
magaliTi<br />
ganvixiloT zeinklebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli instruqtaJi.<br />
Tema: meqanizebuli <strong>da</strong> xeliT burRva.<br />
mecadineobis mizani: studentebisaTvis xelis eleqtro dreliTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> saburRi CarxebiT muSaobis xerxebis swavleba.<br />
mecadineobisTvis saWiro aRWurviloba: eleqtro dreli, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
diametris burRi, gasaburRi masala, burRis gasaciebeli siTxe, saburRi<br />
Carxi.<br />
samuSaos obieqti: sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva masalisa <strong>da</strong> sisqis namzadi.<br />
Sesavali instruqtaJi: gavlili masalis gameorebis Semdeg studentebs<br />
vawvdiT informacias burRis gamoyenebis wesebis Sesaxeb: vukonkretebT<br />
Tu rogori SeiZleba iyos spiraluri burRi, rogor xdeba<br />
burRis SerCeva kuTxis sididisa <strong>da</strong> masalis sisalis mixedviT. (mag:<br />
saSualo sisalis foladi <strong>da</strong> Tuji, TiTberi, brinjao, spilenZi, alumini,<br />
magniumis Senadnobi, marmarilo, plastmasi)<br />
saWiroa avuxsnaT studentebs Tu rogor magrdeba namzadi giragSi<br />
xolo burRi vaznaSi, rogori burbuSela miiReba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva masalis<br />
burRvis dros. ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gvaviwydes usafrTxoebis wesebis Sexseneba:<br />
rezinis xelTaTmanis, saTvaliT muSaobis aucileblobis, eleqtro gayvanilobebis<br />
izolaciis, Zabvis Semowmebis Sesaxeb. vakonkretebT, rom<br />
eleqtro burRi mxolod maSin un<strong>da</strong> CairTos, rodesac naxvreti<strong>da</strong>n<br />
aris amoRebuli. amis Semdeg kargi iqneba Tu instruqtori TviTonve<br />
moaxdens demonstrirebas.
7. 77.<br />
konsultireba<br />
ra aris es?<br />
konsultireba es aris studentebisaTvis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT <strong>da</strong>matebiTi informaciis miwodeba. konsultacia Sesa-<br />
Zlebelia iyos rogorc individualuri, ise jgufuri.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
konsultirebas SegviZlia mivmarToT Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:<br />
rodesac calkeuli studentebis codna arasakmarisia <strong>da</strong> isini<br />
CamorCebian jgufelebs;<br />
problemis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis gza Zalian rTulia an <strong>da</strong>valeba Zalian<br />
mniSvnelovania;<br />
prezentaciebisa <strong>da</strong> gamocdebis win;<br />
studentebisaTvis konsultirebis <strong>da</strong>niSvna SesaZlebelia im Sem-<br />
TxvevaSic, rodesac Tema did interess iwvevs <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>smul SekiTxvebze<br />
pasuxis gacema erTi mecadineobis farglebSi Seu-<br />
Zlebelia.<br />
individualuri konsultaciis Catareba umjobesia sawarmoo praqtikis<br />
gavlis Semdeg, rodesac praqtikuli mecadineobebis Semdeg studentebs<br />
uamravi SekiTxva ugrovdebaT. yvelaferi es gaanalizebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>zustebas moiTxovs. amasTan individualuri gansxvavebebis gamo<br />
studentebi erTnairad ver iTviseben masalas.<br />
jgufuri konsultaciis Catareba sasurvelia gamocdebis, prezentaciebis<br />
win.<br />
konsultirebis Catareba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania spec. teqnologiis<br />
sagnebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c srulyofilad un<strong>da</strong> moxdes praqtikuli<br />
samuSaos yoveli operaciis <strong>da</strong>ufleba. operaciebi ki mniSvnelovani<br />
elementebisagan Sedgeba.<br />
konsultaciebis Tema <strong>da</strong> sixSire mTlianad maswavlebelzea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli.<br />
kargi iqneba, Tu konsultacia Secdomebisa <strong>da</strong> xarvezebis gamosworebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> miwodebuli literaturis garCevas <strong>da</strong>eTmoba.<br />
mniSvnelovania drois faqtoric; Tu konsultireba mecadineobis<br />
Semdeg tardeba (aseT dros studentebi ukve ga<strong>da</strong>Rlili arian), maSin<br />
mxolod mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis ganxilva un<strong>da</strong> moxdes.<br />
81<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
82<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
magaliTi<br />
Tema: iatakis mopirkeTeba<br />
mizani: mSeneblebis specialobis studentebs SevaswavloT iatakis<br />
mopirkeTebis ZiriTad elementebi.<br />
es Tema moicavs mTeli rigi sakiTxebis Seswavlas – iatakis saxeobis,<br />
eqsploataciis pirobebis, esTetikis moTxovnebis Sesaxeb. eqsploataciis<br />
sakiTxebi TavisTavad kidev iTvaliswinebs meqanikur <strong>da</strong> Tbo<strong>da</strong>tvirTvebs,<br />
siTxeebis moqmedebas. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom mocemuli<br />
sakiTxebi aucileblad un<strong>da</strong> iyos ganxiluli leqciaze, aseTi mniSvnelovani<br />
sakiTxi mainc moiTxovs <strong>da</strong>matebiT konsultaciebs. saWiroa<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiTi informaciis miwodeba, Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong> Catardes samuSaoebi<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis SenobebSi (sacxovrebel, sazogadoebriv<br />
Tu saamqro <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebSi). mocemul SenobebSi filebis eqspluataciis<br />
piroba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvaa. studentebs muSaoba mouwevT saTavsoebSi,<br />
vestibiulebSi, saSxapeebSi, derefnebSi, kibis ujredSi, saamqroebSi,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c mosalodnelia wylisa <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qimiuri nivTierebis (mJavebi,<br />
tuteebi) aqtiuri zemoqmedeba. aseTi rTuli <strong>da</strong> rigi sxva sam-<br />
Seneblo Temebis srulyofilad asaTviseblad sasurvelia <strong>da</strong>matebiTi<br />
konsultaciebis <strong>da</strong>niSvna.<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
konsultirebis dros ganixileT is sakiTxebi, romelTa<br />
ar codna xels SeuSlis studentebs axali masalis aTvisebaSi;<br />
konsultirebisas SeecadeT ar SeexoT sakiTxebs, romelTac<br />
leqciebisa <strong>da</strong> praqtikuli mecadineobebis dros<br />
saerTod ar SexebixarT;<br />
sasurvelia gamocdebisa <strong>da</strong> prezentaciebis win konsultaciebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>niSnoT mTeli jgufisaTvis; sxva SemTxvevaSi<br />
ki individualurad.
7. 88.<br />
praqtikuli savarjiSo<br />
ra aris es?<br />
praqtikuli savarjiSo aris swavlebis erT-erTi xerxi, mimarTuli<br />
praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis <strong>da</strong>uflebisaken. praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>ufleba mravaljeradi gameorebiTa <strong>da</strong> sistemuri varjiSiT miiRweva.<br />
mniSvnelovania TiToeuli savarjiSos Semdeg ukukavSiri intruqtoris//maswavleblis<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
praqtikuli savarjiSoebis <strong>da</strong>gegmva <strong>da</strong> gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia swavlebis<br />
yvela etapze. mTavaria misi gonivruli <strong>da</strong>gegmva. swavlebis sawyis<br />
etapze varjiSebis raodenoba bevri un<strong>da</strong> iyos.<br />
Semdgomi savarjiSoebi ki qmedebebis xarisxian Sesrulebaze un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos orientirebuli. aucilebelia savarjiSoebi, romlebic orientirebuli<br />
iqneba moZraobis koordinaciis, Zalis cvlilebebis, moZraobis<br />
traeqtoriis unarebis gavarjiSebisaken. mocemuli unarebi aucilebelia<br />
sazeinklo operaciebis: qlibvis, burRvis, moniSvnis dros.<br />
savarjiSoebis mravaljeradi gameoreba <strong>da</strong>debiTad moqmedebs codnis<br />
donis amaRlebasa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis ukeT aTvisebaze. erTi <strong>da</strong> imave<br />
Temis garSemo sasurvelia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis savarjiSoebis Sedgena.<br />
mag.: studenti eufleba gazomviT samuSaoebs. es Zalian sapasuxismgeblo<br />
unaria, vinai<strong>da</strong>n mocemuli moqmedebis gamoyeneba xdeba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
saqmianobasa <strong>da</strong> specialobaSi. mocemuli saqmianobis zusti Sesrulebis<br />
unarzea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli sxva Semdgomi qmedeba. mag.: sadurglo<br />
saqmeSi.<br />
rodesac students <strong>da</strong>valebuli aqvs monacemTa CaniSvna, Se<strong>da</strong>reba,<br />
gansxvavebebisa <strong>da</strong> Secdomebis gamovlena, maSin is gazomvis Semdeg<br />
axorcielebs kvlevas <strong>da</strong> analizs (es ukve laboratoriul-praqtikuli<br />
savarjiSoa.) am ufro rTuli qmedebebis Sesrulebis siswore<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia pirvelad gazomvis operaciaze.<br />
praqtikuli savarjiSoebis sistemis Sedgenisas un<strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT<br />
Semdegi faqtorebi: Sromis organizaciuli struqtura, <strong>da</strong>sauflebeli<br />
Cvevebis saxeoba <strong>da</strong> sirTule, saswavleblis materialur-teqnikur<br />
baza, swavlebis forma <strong>da</strong> instruqtoris kvalifikacia. savarjiSoebi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebodes sawarmoo praqtikas.<br />
mag.: masalaTmcodneobis saganSi liTonTa Termuli <strong>da</strong>muSaveba gark-<br />
83<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
84<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
veulwilad pirobiT xasiaTs atarebs, magram sawarmoo praqtikis dros<br />
is miaxloebulia sawarmoo saqmesTan. aseve, rodesac mSenebels vaswavliT<br />
kedlis awyobas, aqcents vakeTebT calkeul detalebze, (aguris<br />
<strong>da</strong>debaze, duRabis <strong>da</strong>sxmaze, kedlis sisworeze), magram TviTon saqmianoba<br />
sawarmoo saqmis elements warmoadgens.<br />
praqtikis dros xdeba <strong>da</strong>ufleba jer elementaruli unar-Cvvevebis<br />
<strong>da</strong> Semdeg maTi nel-nela garTuleba.<br />
mag.:<br />
sazeinklo saqmeSi Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad <strong>da</strong>sauflebeli unari aris liTonis<br />
Cexva <strong>da</strong> qlibva. mogvianebiT, igive qmedebebi gansazRvruli nake-<br />
Tobis <strong>da</strong>mzadebis dros xdeba sxva ufro rTuli amocanis nawili. e.i.<br />
calkeuli <strong>da</strong>uflebuli unar-Cvevebi warmoadgens saSualebebs ufro<br />
rTuli qmedebebis aTvisebisaTvis anu Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan qmedebebi operaciis<br />
nawili xdeba.<br />
TiTqos<strong>da</strong>, erTi SexedviT, ioli, praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis formireba<br />
<strong>da</strong> avtomatizmamde <strong>da</strong>yvana sakmaod rTulia. mxolod swori instruqciis,<br />
demonstrirebisa <strong>da</strong> xSiri gavarjiSebis Semdeg aris Sesa-<br />
Zlebeli unar-Cvevebis <strong>da</strong>ufleba. maT <strong>da</strong>uflebas Semdegi faqtorebi<br />
uwyobs xels:<br />
studentTa asakobrivi <strong>da</strong> individualuri Taviseburebani;<br />
studentis <strong>da</strong>intereseba;<br />
codnis done;<br />
ukve aTvisebuli unar-Cvevebi;<br />
savarjiSos win Catarebuli instruqtaJis efeqturoba;<br />
swavlebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva meTodis gamoyeneba studentTa gasaaqtiureblad;<br />
savarjiSoebis raodenoba.<br />
praqtikuli savarjiSoebis SerCevisas aucileblad un<strong>da</strong> moxdes<br />
mo cemuli faqtorebis gaTvaliswineba. pirvel rigSi, mniSvnelovania<br />
swori <strong>da</strong> kargad formulirebuli instruqtaJi, sa<strong>da</strong>c naTlad iqneba<br />
Ca moyalibebuli praqtikuli qmedebis mizani <strong>da</strong> amocana. aseT SemTxvevaSi<br />
studenti ufro Tavisuflad anxorcielebs <strong>da</strong>valebas.<br />
praqtikul savarjiSoebs win aucileblad un<strong>da</strong> uswrebdes sabazo<br />
anu Teoriuli codna. rodesac studenti kargad flobs Teoriul<br />
sakiTxebs, maSin praqtikaSi sakmaod gaazrebulad moqmedebs. man icis<br />
qmedebis romeli elementia ZiriTadi <strong>da</strong> romeli <strong>da</strong>mxmare. kargad aqvs<br />
gaazrebuli saqmianobis mTeli Sinaarsi.<br />
Teoriis miwodebis Semdeg aucilebelia instruqtorma moaxdinos<br />
asa Tvisebeli moqmedebis demonstracia. aqcenti un<strong>da</strong> gakeTdes moq-
medebis arsze, mniSvnelovan detalebze.<br />
praqtikuli savarjiSo sam etaps moicavs:<br />
1. codnis SeZena<br />
2. Cvevebis gavarjiSeba.<br />
3. unarebis <strong>da</strong>ufleba.<br />
praqtikuli savarjiSoebis Sesrulebisas pirvel etapze studentis<br />
moqmedebebi aris mouxerxebeli; meore etapze studenti zogierT<br />
elements ukeTesad asrulebs <strong>da</strong> sakuTar qmedebebs a<strong>da</strong>rebs sxva<br />
studentebis moqmedebas; mesame etapze ki studenti xe<strong>da</strong>vs Sedegs <strong>da</strong><br />
Secdomebic minimumamdea <strong>da</strong>yvanili.<br />
aseT dros SegviZlia <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom mizani miRweulia <strong>da</strong> studentma<br />
konkretuli operacia <strong>da</strong>iswavla.<br />
praqtikuli mecadineobisTvis I etapis saWiro savarjiSoebi:<br />
1. savarjiSoebi mimarTuli naxazebis, sqemebis, cxrilebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
grafikebis wakiTxva-garCevaze;<br />
2. savarjiSoebi grafikul samuSaoTa unar-Cvevebis gamomu SavebisaTvis.<br />
3. sa varjiSoebi teqnikur literaturaze muSaobisaTvis.<br />
II etapis savarjiSoebi:<br />
1. savarjiSoebi Sesaswavli masalis sistematizaciaze;<br />
2. savarjiSoebi teqnologiuri procesis SemuSavebisaTvis;<br />
3. savarjiSoebi xelsawyo-iaraRebisa <strong>da</strong> masalebis SerCevis,<br />
<strong>da</strong>mu Savebis, wesebis SesarCevad;<br />
4. savarjiSoebi spec. teqnologiis gakveTilebisaTvis teqnikuri<br />
movlenebisa <strong>da</strong> procesebis axsnisaTvis;<br />
5. grafikuli amocanebi;<br />
6. diagnostikuri savarjiSoebi;<br />
7. savarjiSoebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sawarmoo situaciaSi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis<br />
misaRebad,<br />
SemogTavazebT kidev erT magaliTs sazeinklo saqmianobi<strong>da</strong>n, raTa<br />
gavarkvioT, rogor aris <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli masalis Tvisebaze burbuSelis<br />
saxe.<br />
85<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
86<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
TiToeul students un<strong>da</strong> mivceT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva masalis sami erTnairi<br />
zomis namzadi (rbili foladi, mtkice foladi <strong>da</strong> Tuji), vaZlevT<br />
saWrisis formas <strong>da</strong> Wris namzads. studenti un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>akvirdes Tu rogori<br />
burbuSelaa yoveli namzadis wamaxvilebis dros <strong>da</strong> rogor gavlenas<br />
axdens <strong>da</strong>samuSavebeli masala burbuSelis saxeobaze, Tu qmedeba<br />
mimdinareobs Wris ucvleli reJimiT. am savarjiSoebis gameoreba<br />
SesaZlebelia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva pirobebSi <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebuli masaliT.<br />
sasurvelia yvelafris cxrilSi Setana.<br />
cxrilis nimuSi<br />
namzadis masala saWrisis geometriuli<br />
forma<br />
ukana kuTxe wina kuTxe wamaxvilebis<br />
kuTxe<br />
Wris reJimi<br />
Wris kuTxe<br />
am tipis savarjiSoebisa <strong>da</strong> cxrilebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
TemasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />
praqtikuli mecadineobebis Catareba SesaZlebelia saklaso oTaxSi,<br />
laboratoriasa <strong>da</strong> saxelosnoSi.<br />
magaliTi<br />
Tema: mSenebloba – svetis wyobis momzadeba<br />
mizani: mSeneblebis specialobis studentebis gavarjiSeba svetis<br />
wyobis mosamzadebel samuSaoebze.<br />
svetisa <strong>da</strong> boZebis aguriT aSenebamde studenti gadis mosamzadebel<br />
samuSaoebs. pirveli etapi iwyeba mSrali wyobiT, rodesac studenti<br />
eufleba samarjvebisa <strong>da</strong> Sveulis xmarebis wesebs. erTdroulad muSaobs<br />
sami-oTxi studenti, anu Sendeba oTxi sveti. <strong>da</strong>axloebiT erTi<br />
saaTis Semdeg icvleba momdevno oTxiT <strong>da</strong> ase grZeldeba erTi kviris
ganmavlobaSi. erTi kviris Semdeg viwyebT <strong>da</strong>bal markiani cementis<br />
xsna riT muSaobas. studentebi aSeneben sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis svets, aSeneben<br />
1,5×1,5-ze aguri 2×2-ze <strong>da</strong> a.S. aseve aSeneben mrgval svetebs. es<br />
sveti Sendeba natexi aguriT, romelsac samtvrevi CaquCiT amuSaveben,<br />
ise rom gareTa kuTxeebi erTmaneTTan iyos mibjenili. yoveli mwkrivi<br />
aguris <strong>da</strong>debisas studentebi SveuliT amowmebs maT siswores. samuSao<br />
dRis, anu saswavlo dRis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebis Semdeg, am svetebsa <strong>da</strong> saerTod<br />
namuSevars Slian, asufTaveben cementis xsnarisgan <strong>da</strong> agurs awyoben<br />
Stapelebad.<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
praqtikuli savarjiSoebi <strong>da</strong>gegmeT imgvarad, rom mas yovelTvis<br />
win uswrebdes sabazo anu Teoriuli codna;<br />
moamzadeT instruqcia, romelSic naTlad iqneba Camoyalibebuli<br />
saqmianobis miznebi <strong>da</strong> amocanebi;<br />
moaxdineT gansaxorcielebeli moqmedebis demonstrireba;<br />
moqmedeba gaimeoreT mravaljer, sanam srulyofilad ar<br />
moxdeba misi <strong>da</strong>ufleba.<br />
7. 99.<br />
eqskursia<br />
ra aris es?<br />
saswavlo eqskursia warmoadgens studentTa jgufis mier sawarmos,<br />
<strong>da</strong>wesebulebisa Tu sxva organizaciis monaxulebas misi saqmianobis<br />
gacnobis mizniT. eqskursiis dros studentebs saSualeba eZlevaT realur<br />
garemoSi <strong>da</strong>akvirdnen samuSao situacias <strong>da</strong> gaecnon mocemuli<br />
profesiisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel Taviseburebebs.<br />
saswavlo eqskursias swavlebis <strong>da</strong>moukidebel meTo<strong>da</strong>d ver ganvixilavT,<br />
mas ufro metad <strong>da</strong>mxmare, sailustracio funqcia aqvs.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
eqskursiis, rogorc saswavlo RonisZiebis, gamoyenebis Taobaze ori<br />
mosazreba arsebobs:<br />
87<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
88<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
1. eqskursiaze studentebi midian saswavlo kursis <strong>da</strong>wyebisTanave;<br />
eqskursia xels uwyobs arCeuli profesiis ukeT gacnobas,<br />
samuSaos pirobebSi orientacias, aRvivebs interess <strong>da</strong> zrdis<br />
swavlis motivacias. studentebs eZlevaT saSualeba, <strong>da</strong>rwmundnen<br />
an xelaxla gaiazron sakuTari arCevanis siswore;<br />
2. eqskursiaze studentebi midian saswavlo kursis <strong>da</strong>srulebisas,<br />
rodesac isini ukve saTanado codnasa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebs floben<br />
<strong>da</strong> SeuZliaT, realur samuSao garemoSi <strong>da</strong>akvirdnen profesiis<br />
Taviseburebebs.<br />
eqskursiis Catarebis vadebis SerCeva <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia kursis specifikaze,<br />
saswavleblis politikaze <strong>da</strong>, xSir SemTxvevaSi, iseT subieqtur<br />
pirobebzec, rogoricaa eqskursiis maspinZeli organizaciis mzaoba,<br />
miiRos studentTa jgufi.<br />
nebismier SemTxvevaSi un<strong>da</strong> gvaxsovdes, rom eqskursia swavlebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli meTodi araa, mas viyenebT swavlebis sxva, ZiriTadi<br />
<strong>meTodebi</strong>s paralelurad.<br />
saswavleblis farglebs gareT swavlebas garkveuli problemebi axlavs.<br />
Sesabamisad aucilebelia eqskursiis detaluri <strong>da</strong>gegmva, raTa<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aviciloT gaugebrobebi <strong>da</strong> maqsimalurad maRal efeqts mivaRwioT.<br />
eqskursiis SemTxvevSi es gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria, radganac<br />
is rutinul xasiaTs ar atarebs <strong>da</strong>, rogorc wesi, semestris ganmavlobaSi<br />
erTjera<strong>da</strong>d tardeba.<br />
aucilebelia maspinZel organizaciasTan winaswari SeTanxmeba eqskursiis<br />
Catarebis Taobaze:<br />
gansazRvroT eqskursiis zusti dro;<br />
studentebis <strong>da</strong>saSvebi raodenoba;<br />
usafrTxoebis moTxovnebi;<br />
specialuri tansacmlis aucilebloba;<br />
adgilze Tanmxlebi piri (saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi) <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
gaiTvaliswineT eqskursiasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli xarjebi – rogorc<br />
wesi, es ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d saswavlebli<strong>da</strong>n eqskursiis adgilze transportirebasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli Tanxebia. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, studentebi<br />
winaswar un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen informirebuli eqskursiis pirobebis Sesaxeb.<br />
studentebis raodenoba<br />
saeqskursio jgufSi studentTa raodenoba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia im organizaciis<br />
specifikaze, sa<strong>da</strong>c eqskursia imarTeba. garkveul adgilebSi,<br />
mag.: qarxnebis saamqroebSi an laboratoriebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c usafrTxoebis
gansakuTrebuli wesebis <strong>da</strong>cvaa aucilebeli, rekomendebulia studentebis<br />
mcire, 5-6 kaciani jgufebis eqskursia. zoga<strong>da</strong>d, jgufSi studentebis<br />
optimaluri raodenoba 10-12 a<strong>da</strong>miania. rig SemTxvevebSi SesaZlebelia<br />
am raodenobis gazr<strong>da</strong>, mag.: Tu eqskursia mxolod mza<br />
na muSevrebis eqspoziciis <strong>da</strong>Tvalierebas gulisxmobs (eqskursia muzeumSi,<br />
gamofenaze <strong>da</strong> a.S.) <strong>da</strong> ara samuSao procesze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebas.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
profesiis gacnobis TvalsaCino meTodia – studenti realur<br />
viTarebaSi akvirdeba samuSao process;<br />
saswavlo praqtikis SesaniSnavi winapirobaa;<br />
xels uwyobs studentebis urTierTobas potenciur <strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebTan.<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
maswavlebeli mTlianad <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia maspinZel organizaciaze,<br />
Tanmxlebi piris kompetenturobaze, ver (an naklebad) akontrolebs<br />
garemos;<br />
eqskursia erTjeradi RonisZiebaa, Sesabamisad, arasworad <strong>da</strong>gegmvis<br />
SemTxvevaSi an gauTvalisiwnebeli xelisSemSleli pirobebis<br />
gamo misi efeturoba SeiZleba sakmaod <strong>da</strong>bali iyos.<br />
saswavlo garemo<br />
eqskursiis saswavlo garemo mTlianad ganisazRvreba im organizaciiT,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c eqskursia tardeba. es SeiZleba iyos qarxana, mSenebloba,<br />
ferma, laboratoria, saxelosno, sagamofeno <strong>da</strong>rbazi <strong>da</strong> sxva. sasurvelia<br />
studentebis winaswar informireba imis Taobaze, Tu ra pirobebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>xvdebaT maT eqskursiis adgilas, radgan maswavlebels ar SeuZlia<br />
garemos kontroli. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania saTanado qcevisa <strong>da</strong><br />
usafrTxoebis wesebis <strong>da</strong>cva. eqskursiis <strong>da</strong>gegmvisas gaiTvaliswineT,<br />
saWiroa Tu ara studentebisaTvis specialuri <strong>da</strong>mcavi tansacmeli,<br />
uzrunvelyofs Tu ara maspinZeli organizacia am <strong>da</strong>matebiT pirobebs,<br />
Tu es saswavleblis pasuxismgeblobaa <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
swavlebis <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebi<br />
eqskursiaze nanaxi <strong>da</strong> mosmenili infomaciis ukeT <strong>da</strong>maxsovrebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
89<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
90<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
mogvianebiT, miRebuli informaciis gaanalizebis mizniT sasurvelia<br />
mokle CaniSvnebis gakeTeba. Sesabamisad, studentebs SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>sWirdeT<br />
Casaweri saSualebebi (qaRaldi, kalami), an, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi<br />
(Tu saswavleblis resursebi amis saSualebas iZleva), foto- <strong>da</strong> videoaparatura<br />
eqskursiis msvlelobis ga<strong>da</strong>RebisaTvis.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> adekvaturi formebi<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c eqskursia swavlebis ara ZiriTadi, aramed <strong>da</strong>mxmare<br />
meTodia, gacnobiT xasiaTs atarebs <strong>da</strong>, rogorc wesi, erTjeradia,<br />
misi Sedegebis calke Sefaseba mizanSewonili ar aris.<br />
magaliTi<br />
studentebi qalisa <strong>da</strong> mamakacis stilistis programis pirvel leqciaze<br />
midian eqskursiaze salonSi;<br />
studentebi eqskursiis dros naxuloben:<br />
salonis mowyobas;<br />
saWiro inventarebsa <strong>da</strong> masalebs;<br />
akvirdebian sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva proceduris Catarebas: Tmis <strong>da</strong>varcxna,<br />
<strong>da</strong>yeneba, Sroba, Rebva <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
rekome<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
winaswar <strong>da</strong>gegmeT eqskursia – moelaparakeT maspinZel organizacias,<br />
idelaur SemTxvevaSi sasurvelia winaswari mosamzadebeli<br />
viziti, raTa maswavlebelma icodes, ra garemoSi mouwevs<br />
studentebTan erTad yofna;<br />
eqskursiis momzadebisas gaiTvaliswineT:<br />
eqskuriis xangrZlivoba;<br />
transportirebis pirobebi <strong>da</strong> xarjebi saswavlebli<strong>da</strong>n<br />
eqskursiis adgilamde, Tu studentebis jgufi organizebulad<br />
migyavT; Tu studentebi <strong>da</strong>moukideblad un<strong>da</strong> mividnen<br />
eqskursiis adgilze, winaswar miawodeT maT maspinZeli<br />
organizaciis zusti misamarTi;<br />
maspinZel organizaciaSi usafrTxoebis wesebis <strong>da</strong>cva,<br />
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyaviT studentebisaT-
vis <strong>da</strong>mcavi tansacmeli an sxva saSualebebi (mag. saTvaleebi,<br />
xelTaTmanebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.);<br />
winaswar miawodeT informacia studentebs eqskursiis gegmis<br />
Sesaxeb – ra un<strong>da</strong> naxoT, ras un<strong>da</strong> mieqces gansakuTrebuli yuradReba;<br />
gansazRvreT, vin uZRveba eqskursias – maswavlebeli Tu<br />
maspinZeli organizaciis warmomadgeneli? SeaTanxmeT maspinZelTan<br />
studentebisaTvis misawodebeli informaciis moculoba<br />
<strong>da</strong> speci fika;<br />
waaxaliseT eqskursiis dros studentebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n SekiTxve -<br />
bis <strong>da</strong>sma;<br />
eqskursiis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg aucileblad ganixileT misi<br />
Sedegebi – gamohkiTxeT studentebi nanaxi <strong>da</strong> mosmenili infomaciis<br />
Sesaxeb, <strong>da</strong>rwmundiT, rom maT gaiTavises miRebuli<br />
informacia.<br />
7. 10 10. swavlebis jgufuri <strong>meTodebi</strong><br />
jgufuri <strong>meTodebi</strong> aqtiurad gamoiyeneba swavlebis yvela safexurze.<br />
kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom studentebi ufro advilad swavloben <strong>da</strong><br />
ufro kmayofilebi arian swavlis procesiT, rodesac CarTulebi arian<br />
jgufuri muSaobis procesSi, vidre individualurad.<br />
swavlebis procesSi jgufuri <strong>meTodebi</strong> im SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba,<br />
rodesac saWiroa sakiTxis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva perspeqtivi<strong>da</strong>n Seswavla, axali<br />
ideebisa <strong>da</strong> midgomebis moZebna, rodesac aravin icis sakiTxze swori<br />
pasuxi. aseve, rodesac saWiroa jgufuri muSaobisa <strong>da</strong> komunikaciis<br />
unarebis gamomuSaveba. jgufuri muSaoba gansakuTrebiT sasargeblo<br />
maSinaa, rodesac problema aqtualuria <strong>da</strong> studentebisaTvis saintereso.<br />
jgufuri muSaoba ara mxolod konkretul sakiTxze muSaobas gulisxmobs<br />
aramed jgufis wevrebs Soris urTierTobas – interaqcias. jgufuri<br />
muSaobisas swored interaqciaa wamyvani mniSvnelobis mqone.<br />
91<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
92<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
jgufuri muSaobis ZiriTadi Tavisebureba SemdegSi mdgomareobs:<br />
klasi iyofa mcire jgufebad;<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba eZleva mTlianad jgufs <strong>da</strong> ara mis calkeul wevrebs;<br />
jgufi erTianad wyvets <strong>da</strong> ganixilavs <strong>da</strong>valebas;<br />
sakiTxis ganxilvis procesSi yvela wevri erTnairad aris Car-<br />
Tuli;<br />
jgufi fasdeba rogorc erTi mTliani, Tumca, aseve SesaZlebelia<br />
wevrebi individualurad Sefasdnen.<br />
jgufur muSaobas swavleba/gamocdileba sWirdeba; SesaZlebelia a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
individualurad efeqturad xsnides amocanas, magram jgufSi muSaoba<br />
uZneldebodes; jgufuri muSaoba specialur unarebs saWiroebs;<br />
esaa mosmena, instruqciis <strong>da</strong>cva, ukukavSiri, TanamSromloba, azris<br />
gaziareba.<br />
<strong>profesiul</strong>i ganaTlebis mizania iseTi specialistis momzadeba, romelsac,<br />
profesiisaTvis saWiro codnis gar<strong>da</strong>, sazogadoebaSi muSaobisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>ptaciisaTvis saWiro unarebi eqneba; amitom mniSvnelovania<br />
swavlebis jgufuri <strong>meTodebi</strong>s aqtiuri gamoyeneba.<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n jgufi ramdenime a<strong>da</strong>mians aerTianebs, jgufuri muSaobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebisas saWiroa jgufis muSaobis wesebis <strong>da</strong> normebis Camoyalibeba,<br />
romelsac jgufis wevrebi <strong>da</strong>icaven; es normebi un<strong>da</strong> aregulirebdes<br />
jgufis wevrebs Soris urTierTobas <strong>da</strong> yvela wevrs Tanabari monawileobis<br />
saSualebas un<strong>da</strong> aZlevdes; mag.: jgufis yvela wevrs vaZlevT<br />
azris gamoTqmis saSualebas, yuradRebiT vusmenT erTmaneTs, azrs<br />
gamovTqvamT mokled <strong>da</strong> naTlad <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
jgufur muSaobas sWirdeba kontroli, romelsac jgufis moderatori<br />
anu fasilitatori axorcielebs; moderatori an fasilitatori<br />
SeiZleba nebismieri a<strong>da</strong>miani iyos, visac aqvs jgufTan muSaobis gamocdileba.<br />
saklaso garemoSi am funqcias maswavlebeli an studentebi<br />
asruleben. moderatoris funqciaa xeli Seuwyos jgufis muSaobas<br />
<strong>da</strong> amocanis ga<strong>da</strong>Wras; moderatori/fasilitatori ar aris saWiro<br />
sakiTxis eqsperti iyos.<br />
jgufuri muSaoba SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vyoT 3 etapad: mosamzadebeli etapi,<br />
jgufuri muSaobis etapi <strong>da</strong> Semajamebeli etapi.<br />
mosamzadebl etapze maswavlebeli arCevs sakiTxs, SeimuSavebs gegmas,<br />
amzadebs instruqcias, saWiro masalas.<br />
maswavlebeli acnobs jgufs instruqciebs, ra evalebaT studentebs,<br />
ra aris muSaobis mosalodneli Sedegi <strong>da</strong> rodis un<strong>da</strong> Sewyviton<br />
muSaoba.
jgufuri muSaobis etapze jgufi muSaobs konkretul sakiTxze <strong>da</strong><br />
ganixilavs problemas; am dros maswavlebeli ufro pasiuria <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mkvirveblis<br />
rols asrulebs. jgufis wevrebi SeimuSaveben <strong>da</strong> icaven jgufuri<br />
muSaobis wesebs. dro imdeni un<strong>da</strong> iyos micemuli, rom sakiTxis<br />
amowurva SesaZlebeli iyos; Zalian didi dro mosabezrebeli xdeba,<br />
xolo Zalian mcire dro studentebis ukmayofilebas iwvevs, radgan<br />
ver xerxdeba sakiTxis ganxilva.<br />
Semajamebeli etapi: am etapzeve xdeba jgufuri muSaobis Sedegebis<br />
gacnoba, jgufuri muSaobis warmatebebisa <strong>da</strong> warumateblobis gaanalizeba,<br />
miRweuli Sedegebisa <strong>da</strong> jgufuri muSaobis procesis Sefaseba.<br />
jgufuri muSaobis Sedegebis gacnoba SesaZlebelia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxiT.<br />
mag.: kiTxva-pasuxis formatiT, prezentaciebis saxiT; Semajamebel<br />
etapze jgufi iRebs ukukavSirs jgufis sxva wevrebisa <strong>da</strong> maswavleblisagan,<br />
rac sasurvelia <strong>da</strong>debiTi saxiT gakeTdes.<br />
jgufuri muSaobis <strong>meTodebi</strong><strong>da</strong>n am TavSi ganvixilavT: rolur TamaSebs,<br />
gonebriv ieriSsa <strong>da</strong> treinings.<br />
7.10.1.roluri TamaSebi<br />
ra aris es?<br />
roluri TamaSebi jgufuri muSaobis erT-erTi formaa; is farTod<br />
gamoiyeneba ganaTlebis sferos yvela safexurze <strong>da</strong>wyebuli <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi<br />
ganaTlebiT <strong>da</strong> umaRlesiT <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli. am dros studentebi axdenen<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebis simulacias, asruleben garkveul rols <strong>da</strong> am gziT iZenen<br />
Teoriul codnasa <strong>da</strong> praqtikul gamocdilebas.<br />
roluri TamaSebi swavlebis aqtiuri formaa; am dros SesaZlebelia<br />
studentebi ara mxolod gonebrivad, aramed fizikura<strong>da</strong>c aqtiurebi<br />
iyvnen; sakiTxis ganxilvis gar<strong>da</strong> maT saSualeba aqvT gamoxaton TavianTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebi, emociebi, rac aadvilebs swavlis process<br />
<strong>da</strong> masalis aTvisebas. swavlebis aqtiuri <strong>meTodebi</strong>s gamoyenebiT studentebi<br />
ufro advilad swavloben, vidre mxolod masalis wakiTxviT,<br />
mosmeniT an raimeze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebiT.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
roluri TamaSebi im SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba, Tu saWiroa sakiTxis<br />
Sesaxeb ara mxolod Teoriuli codnis SeZena, aramed realuri<br />
93<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
94<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis SeZena, unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba. mag.:<br />
roluri TamaSebi efeqturi iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gvsurs<br />
mimtanebs, barmenebs an gamyidvlebs gavacnobierebinoT momsaxurebis<br />
sferoSi komunikaciis mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong> vaswavloT klientebTan urTierToba.<br />
roluri TamaSebi aseve Zalian efeqturia socialuri kompetenciebis<br />
gasaviTareblad, mag.: gunduri muSaoba, komunikacia, Tanam-<br />
Sromloba <strong>da</strong> a.S. roluri TamaSebi safuZvlian <strong>da</strong>gegmvas saWiroebs,<br />
raTa konkretuli samuSaos Sesrulebis gziT zustad miviRoT sasurveli<br />
Sedegi.<br />
roluri TamaSi-procesi<br />
roluri TamaSebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>valeba imgvarad un<strong>da</strong> iyos Sedgenili,<br />
rom studentebi mxolod procesiT ki ar <strong>da</strong>interesdnen, aramed SeiZinon<br />
kidec axali gamocdileba; xSirad studentebi Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve ver acnobiereben<br />
roluri TamaSebis aucileblobas <strong>da</strong> mniSvnelobas. roluri<br />
TamaSebis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg maTTvis naTeli un<strong>da</strong> iyos, Tu ras<br />
emsaxurebo<strong>da</strong> is.<br />
roluri TamaSebis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde maswavlebelma studentebs un<strong>da</strong> gaacnos<br />
Sesaswavli Tema <strong>da</strong> mokle Sesavali gaakeTos. mag.: `es TamaSi Seexeba<br />
TanamSromlobas; is gagrZeldeba 20 wT-s, ris Semdegac ganvi xilavT <strong>da</strong><br />
SevajamebT Sedegebs; Cven <strong>da</strong>gvWirdeba monawileebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mkvirveblebi;<br />
vis surs monawileoba miiRos TamaSSi <strong>da</strong> vis surs <strong>da</strong>mkvirvebeli<br />
iyos?~<br />
Semdeg saWiroa klasi <strong>da</strong>vyoT jgufebad, risTvisac SesaZlebelia<br />
sxva <strong>da</strong>sxva meTodis gamoyeneba.<br />
monawileebis jgufebSi ganawilebis xerxebi<br />
arsebobs jgufebSi monawileTa ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xerxi.<br />
SesaZlebelia jgufi <strong>da</strong>vyoT winaswar Sedgenili siis mixedviT; aseT<br />
SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli akontrolebs jgufis Semadgenlobas.<br />
SesaZlebelia monawileebs vTxovoT <strong>da</strong>iyon survilisamebr<br />
jgufebad.<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT martivia SemTxveviT ganawilebis xerxi. aseT SemTxvevaSi<br />
jgufebis raodenobis mixedviT vTxovoT monawileebs gaiTvalon.<br />
gaTvlis Semdeg pirveli nomrebi warmoqmnian pirvel jgufs,<br />
meore nomrebi _ meores <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
<strong>da</strong>Wrili baraTebis meSveobiT ganawileba. viRebT imdeni feris
patara baraTs, ramdeni jgufis Seqmnac gvsurs; Semdeg TiToeuli<br />
feris imden baraTs vWriT, ramdeni a<strong>da</strong>mianic aris jgufSi; <strong>da</strong>Wrili<br />
baraTebi patara kalaTaSi iyreba. monawileebi kalaTi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>Wrili<br />
baraTis TiTo naWers iReben <strong>da</strong> erT jgufSi erTi feris mflobelebi<br />
jgufdebian. feradi baraTebis nacvlad SeiZleba safosto baraTebis<br />
gamoyeneba. aseve SesaZlebelia monawileebi <strong>da</strong>vyoT weliwadis droebis,<br />
qveynebis, <strong>da</strong>badebis dReebisa <strong>da</strong> a.S mixedviT.<br />
amis Semdeg monawileebs vacnobT instruqcias, Tumca SesaZlebelia<br />
jer instruqcia gavacnoT studentebs <strong>da</strong> Semdeg <strong>da</strong>vyoT jgufebad,<br />
gansakuTrebiT Tu monawileebi TavianTi surviliT irCeven jgufis<br />
wevrebs.<br />
instruqcia sasurvelia iyos werilobiTi. instruqcia detalurad<br />
aRwers TamaSis mizans, Sesrulebis dros, rac SezRuduli aris xolme,<br />
TamaSis ganmavlobaSi Sesasrulebel rols, TamaSis wess, saWiro masalebis<br />
gamoyenebiT un<strong>da</strong> iyos martivi eniT <strong>da</strong>werili, gasagebi <strong>da</strong><br />
konkretuli.<br />
rogorc wesi, maswavlebeli jgufuri muSaobis procesSi neitraluria;<br />
is asrulebs <strong>da</strong>mkvirveblis rols. Tu maswavlebels surs studentebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirvebis unari ganuviTaros, SesaZlebelia jgufis wevrebs<br />
Soris gamoyos <strong>da</strong>mkvirveblebi. <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis Sedegebs studentebi iweren<br />
winaswar SemuSavebul oqmSi. <strong>da</strong>kvirvebisas SeuZlebelia yvelafers <strong>da</strong>vakvirdeT;<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirvebis sagani un<strong>da</strong> iyos konkretuli qceva. <strong>da</strong>kvirveba<br />
un<strong>da</strong> Caiweros <strong>da</strong>mkvirveblis oqmSi.<br />
Semdegi etapi uSualod TamaSis msvleloba aris; studentebi asruleben<br />
rolebs instruqciis Sesabamisad. roluri TamaSebis Sedegi<br />
pir<strong>da</strong>pir ukavSirdeba jgufis wevrebis procesSi CarTulobasa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi atmosferos SenarCunebas. amitom, jgufis pasiuri wevrebi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> wavaxalisoT, raTa monawileoba miiRon procesSi.<br />
roluri TamaSebis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg monawileebi asruleben moqmedebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamodian roli<strong>da</strong>n; isini gamoTqvamen mosazrebebs, ra SeiZines/iswavles<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamoxataven emociebs, Tu rogor grZnoben Tavs.<br />
monawileebi afaseben jgufis muSaobis Sedegebs, imis mixedviT Tu ra<br />
iswavles, ra iyo pozitiuri <strong>da</strong> negatiuri muSaobis procesSi; ganxilva<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos pozitiuri <strong>da</strong> mxolod Sinaarssa <strong>da</strong> process un<strong>da</strong> Seexebodes<br />
<strong>da</strong> ara pirovnebebs, monawileebs, maT Tvisebebs <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
amis Semdeg <strong>da</strong>mkvirveblebi gamoTqvamen TavianT komentarebs jgufis<br />
muSaobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />
95<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
96<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
bolo etapze xdeba Sedegebis Sejameba <strong>da</strong> jgufis muSaobis <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />
Sireba TamaSis miznebTan.<br />
studentebis raodenoba<br />
roluri TamaSebis dros sasurvelia jgufi Sedgebodes 6-8 wevrisagan;<br />
ufro naklebi raodenobis SemTxvevaSi jgufis wevrebs SesaZlebelia<br />
jgufis ganc<strong>da</strong> ar hqondeT; xolo Tu raodenoba 8-10 wevrs aRemateba,<br />
SesaZlebelia jgufi <strong>da</strong>iSalos mcire jgufebad. mag.: Seiqmnas<br />
mcire zomis, 2-3 kaciani jgufebi imis gamo, rom am a<strong>da</strong>mianebs aqvT<br />
msgavsi interesebi, moswonT erTmaneTi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
roluri TamaSebis <strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
swavlebis procesSi roluri TamaSebis gamoyenebas mTeli rigi pozitiuri<br />
mxareebi aqvs. <strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d swavlebis procesSi<br />
jgufurad muSaobas ukavSirdeba.<br />
roluri TamaSebi xels uwyobs monawileebs Soris informaciis<br />
gacvlas, studentis CarTulobas swavlis procesSi;<br />
roluri TamaSebi xels uwyobs sakiTxis Rrma Seswavlas sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
perspeqtivi<strong>da</strong>n, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva monawilis xedvi<strong>da</strong>n;<br />
roluri TamaSis dros xdeba unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba; <strong>da</strong> mokidebulebebis<br />
Secvla;<br />
roluri TamaSi realuri situaciis simulaciaa; monawile ebs<br />
saSualeba aqvT sxvebis Tan<strong>da</strong>swrebiT gamoxaton TavianTi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba:<br />
xels uwyobs SemoqmedebiTobis ganviTarebas; zrdis motivacias;<br />
saxalisoa;<br />
xels uwyobs masalis safuZvlianad <strong>da</strong>maxsovrebas, radgan am<br />
dros xdeba ara mxolod informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba, aramed emociuri<br />
ganc<strong>da</strong>c;<br />
monawileebi Secdomis <strong>da</strong>Svebisas mkacr kritikas ar iReben.<br />
roluri TamaSebis uaryofiT mxareebi :<br />
bevri pozitiuri mxaris gar<strong>da</strong> rolur TamaSebs Tavisi uaryofi-<br />
Ti mxareebic aqvs: <strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebis msgavsad roluri TamaSebis<br />
uaryofiTi mxarec kvlav ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d jgufis fenomens ukavSirdeba.<br />
esenia:
jgufis yvela wevri jgufSi SeiZleba ver grZnobdes Tavs komfortulad;<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebs zogjer uWirT <strong>da</strong>valebis simulacia,<br />
emociebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebis sxvebis Tan<strong>da</strong>swrebiT Tavisuflad<br />
gamoxatva.<br />
roluri TamaSisas SesaZlebelia TamaSSi mxolod nawili Caer-<br />
Tos;<br />
rolur TamaSebs sWirdeba dro; gansakuTrebiT didi dro sWirdeba<br />
Sejamebis etaps, rom yvela monawilem gamoxatos Tavisi<br />
<strong>da</strong> mokidebuleba; (jgufuri muSaobis Semdeg yvela monawiles<br />
un<strong>da</strong> hqondes kmayofilebis ganc<strong>da</strong>);<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n roluri TamaSis dros gansxvavebuli azrebi warmoiSoba,<br />
SeiZleba jgufis wevrebma erTmaneTs ver gaugon <strong>da</strong> jgufis<br />
wevrebs Soris negatiuro urTierTganwyoba warmoiSvas;<br />
SesaZlebelia jgufis wevrebs gauWirdeT roli<strong>da</strong>n gamosvla;<br />
roluri TamaSebi ar gamodgeba didi jgufebisaTvis swavlebis<br />
meTo<strong>da</strong>d;<br />
rTulia yvela wevrze <strong>da</strong>kvirveba <strong>da</strong> Sefaseba.<br />
saswavlo garemo<br />
radganac roluri TamaSis ZiriTadi <strong>da</strong>niSnulebaa realuri situaciis<br />
simulaciis gziT <strong>profesiul</strong>i unarebis gamomuSaveba, amitom<br />
TamaSis garemoc maqsimalurad un<strong>da</strong> iyos miaxloebuli realur situaciasTan.<br />
mag.: Tu studentebma un<strong>da</strong> ganasaxieron sastumroSi klientebis<br />
registraciis procesi, sasurvelia, rom saklaso oTaxSi aveji<br />
ise ga<strong>da</strong>vawyoT, rom is sastumros registracias <strong>da</strong>emsgavsos.<br />
roluri TamaSebis dros sasurvelia jgufis wevrebi im<strong>da</strong>gvarad<br />
iyvnen ganlagebuli, rom yvela maTgani Tavisuflad monawileobdes<br />
procesSi.<br />
instruqciebis ga<strong>da</strong>cemisas sasurvelia monawileebi isxdnen wreSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> yvelas hqondes jgufis <strong>da</strong>narCen wevrebTan urTierTobisa <strong>da</strong> informaciis<br />
<strong>da</strong>zustebis saSualeba. rolebis gansaxierebis procesSi<br />
studentebs un<strong>da</strong> hqondeT Tavisuflad ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis saSualeba.<br />
maswavlebels un<strong>da</strong> hqondes SeumCneveli pozicia.<br />
swavlebis <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebi<br />
roluri TamaSebisas SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT teqnikuri saSualebebi:<br />
diagramebi, plakatebi, video/audio saSualebebi.<br />
aseve monawileebs SesaZlebelia <strong>da</strong>sWirdeT feradi baraTebi <strong>da</strong><br />
markerebi CaniSvnebis gasakeTeblad.<br />
97<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
98<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
SesaZlebelia roluri TamaSis procesi CaviweroT video kameriT<br />
<strong>da</strong> jgufuri muSaobis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg gamoviyenoT jgufis Sesafaseblad,<br />
an rolis Sesrulebis <strong>da</strong>saxvewad; aseT SemTxvevaSi roluri<br />
TamaSebis Casatareblad <strong>da</strong>gvWirdeba <strong>da</strong>matebiTi <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebi:<br />
multimedia, proeqtori, videokamera.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> adekvaturi formebi<br />
jgufuri muSaobisas SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT jgufis wevrebis rogorc<br />
individualuri, aseve jgufis, rogorc mTlianis, Sefaseba.<br />
individualuri Sefaseba xdeba <strong>Sefasebis</strong> kriteriumebisa <strong>da</strong> am kriteriumebis<br />
Sesrulebis xarisxis mixedviT.<br />
jgufuri muSaobis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg monawileebs SesaZlebelia<br />
vTxovoT TviT<strong>Sefasebis</strong> gakeTeba mokle esses saxiT, romelSic asaxuli<br />
iqneba misi, rogorc monawilis Zlieri <strong>da</strong> susti mxareebi, misi<br />
procesSi CarTuloba, miRebuli gamocdilebis analizi. <strong>Sefasebis</strong> es<br />
meTodi ufro akademiuri sferosaTvis gamodgeba.<br />
SesaZlebelia roluri TamaSis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg monawileebs vTxovoT<br />
ara esses <strong>da</strong>wera, aramed sakuTari Tavisa <strong>da</strong> monawileebis Sefaseba<br />
mokle kiTxvaris mixedviT.<br />
SesaZlebelia aseve gamoviyenoT <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis meTodi; <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis<br />
sagani, mizani winaswar un<strong>da</strong> iyos gansazRvruli; SesaZlebelia <strong>da</strong>vakvirdeT<br />
monawileebis procesSi CarTulobas, sxva wevrebTan urTier-<br />
Tobas, <strong>da</strong>saxuli amocanis Sesrulebis xarisxs <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
sasurvelia Tu <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis Cawera jgufis muSaobis dros moxdeba.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> mizniT aseve rekomendebulia komentarebis gakeTebac.<br />
magaliTebi<br />
roluri TamaSis dros SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT Semdegi saxis<br />
situaciebi:<br />
sastumroSi Camovi<strong>da</strong> turistebis 15 kaciani jgufi, <strong>da</strong>javSnis<br />
programa ar muSaobs <strong>da</strong> registrators uwevs samuSaos eqstremalur<br />
pirobebSi Sesruleba; turistebi moiTxoven <strong>da</strong>uyonebliv<br />
momsaxurebas <strong>da</strong> sasurvel nomrebSi ganTavsebas.<br />
stilistTan mosul klients un<strong>da</strong> originaluri, magram araeqstravagantuli<br />
varcxnilobis gakeTeba SezRudul droSi.<br />
myidveli sTxovs konsultants <strong>da</strong>xmarebas tansacmlis sazafxulo<br />
koleqciis SerCevaSi, Tumca zustad ar icis risi yidva<br />
un<strong>da</strong>.
miRebaze winaswar Caweris gareSe modis a<strong>da</strong>miani menejerTan <strong>da</strong><br />
mdivans sTxovs masTan SeSvebas, Tumca menejeri <strong>da</strong>kavebulia;<br />
ofisis wesebis mixedviT, menejerTan Sexvedramde saWiroa winaswar<br />
SeTanxmeba.<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi<br />
roluri TamaSisaTvis winaswar moamzadeT konkretuli Tema<br />
Tu problema;<br />
Temis Sesabamisad moamzadeT detaluri werilobiTi//zepiri<br />
instruqcia;<br />
TiToeuli etapisaTvis gansazRvreT saWiro dro;<br />
moamzadeT garemo roluri TamaSebisaTvis;<br />
moamzadeT saWiro masalebi;<br />
SeimuSaveT <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis sqema <strong>da</strong> forma;<br />
moamzadeT monawileebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mkvirveblebi – auxseniT maT sakuTari<br />
roli <strong>da</strong> situacia;<br />
jgufs mieciT Tavisuflad muSaobis saSualeba; amave dros<br />
SeecadeT jgufi <strong>da</strong>rCes sakiTxze koncentrirebuli;<br />
yuradRebiT <strong>da</strong>akvirdiT monawileebs; SesaZlebelia gamoiyenoT<br />
rogorc formaluri, aseve araformaluri <strong>da</strong>kvirveba;<br />
samuSaos <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg yvela wevrs mieciT azrisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis<br />
gamoxatvis saSualeba;<br />
<strong>da</strong>rwmundiT, rom monawileebi `gamovidnen~ rolebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong><br />
`<strong>da</strong>ub rundnen~ realobas;<br />
<strong>da</strong>mkvirveblebs sTxoveT Seafason procesi;<br />
hkiTxeT monawileebs, Tu ra iswavles roluri TamaSi<strong>da</strong>n;<br />
monawileebTan erTad SeajameT jgufis muSaoba;<br />
jgufis wevrebs mieciT konkretuli <strong>da</strong> gasagebi ukukavSiri.<br />
7.10.2. gonebrivi ieriSi<br />
ra aris es?<br />
gonebrivi ieriSi warmoadgens jgufuri SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis<br />
meTods, romlis mizania konkretuli problemis ga<strong>da</strong>saWrelad maqsi-<br />
99<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
100<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
maluri raodenobis ideebis generireba <strong>da</strong> ganxilva.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
gonebrivi ieriSi gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gvin<strong>da</strong> gansaxilvel<br />
sakiTxze rac SesaZlebelia bevri ideisa <strong>da</strong> mosazrebis Segroveba<br />
<strong>da</strong> jgufTan konsensusis safuZvelze sasurveli raodenobis<br />
ideebis gamoyofa. gonebriv ieriSs maSin viyenebT, rodesac aravin<br />
icis sakvlev Temaze swori pasuxi; yoveli gonebrivi ieriSis Sedegi<br />
unikaluria.<br />
gonebrivi ieriSis yvela idea, cxadia, rom saboloo SedegisaTvis<br />
ar aris mniSvnelovani; ideebis Segrovebis Semdeg xdeba am ideebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>jgufeba prioritetebis mixedviT <strong>da</strong> ramodenime yvelaze Rirebuli<br />
ideis gamokveTa.<br />
gonebrivi ieriSi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sxva meTodebTan kombinirebuli<br />
saxiT. mag.: rodesac gvin<strong>da</strong> diskusiis Temis SerCeva an jgufis<br />
Sekvra.<br />
gonebrivi ieriSis procesi<br />
gonebrivi ieriSis procesi<br />
sak maod martivi aris:<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad xdeba gonebrivi<br />
ieriSis miznis<br />
mok led gacnoba;<br />
monawileebis gacnoba;<br />
klasis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac<br />
yvela erTmaneTs<br />
icnobs, gacnoba saWiro<br />
ar aris;<br />
jgufis wesebis Camoyalibeba;<br />
SeTanxmeba jgufTan,<br />
rom muSaobis procesSi<br />
jgufi <strong>da</strong>icavs am wesebs;<br />
rolebis ganawileba. gonebrivi ieriSis Casatareblad saWiroa sami<br />
tipis rolis ganawileba:<br />
wamyvani,romelsac moderators/fasilitators uwodeben;<br />
Camweri;<br />
jgufis wevrebi.
gonebrivi ieriSi mihyavs moderators an fasilitators;<br />
aseT a<strong>da</strong>mians un<strong>da</strong> esmodes jgufis dinamika <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> hqondes<br />
jgufTan muSaobis gamocdileba. mas un<strong>da</strong> SeeZlos kargi<br />
mosmena, ukukavSiris micema <strong>da</strong> monawileebis waxali seba<br />
ideebis misawodeblad. man xeli un<strong>da</strong> Seuwyos procesis mimdinareobas,<br />
rom rac SeiZleba meti idea <strong>da</strong> mosazreba Seagrovos.<br />
Camweris rols xSirad Tavad moderatori asrulebs; mas<br />
evaleba yvela ideisa <strong>da</strong> mosazrebis ga<strong>da</strong>tana TvalsaCinod,<br />
formatze. mas yvela monawile un<strong>da</strong> xe<strong>da</strong>vdes.<br />
monawileebs gonebriv ieriSSi monawileobis misaRebad specialuri<br />
momzadeba ar sWirdebaT; maT un<strong>da</strong> esmodeT gansaxilveli<br />
sakiTxi.<br />
ideebis Segroveba; gonebrivi ieriSis dros drois mokle SualedSi<br />
didi raodenobis ideebi un<strong>da</strong> SevkriboT. drois limiti<br />
winaswarvea gansazRvruli – <strong>da</strong>vuSvaT 20-25 wT; SesaZlebelia<br />
drois gasvlis Semdeg 5 wuTis kidev <strong>da</strong>mateba.<br />
idebis wakiTxva, ise rom jgufis yvela wevrisaTvis gasagebi<br />
iyos;<br />
ideebis <strong>da</strong>jgufeba msgavsebis mixedviT;<br />
SeTanxmeba ideebis gaerTianebasa <strong>da</strong> gacxrilvaze. jgufis wevrebi<br />
aZleven xmas TiToeul ideas, rom sabolood sasurvel raodenobamde<br />
<strong>da</strong>videT; <strong>da</strong>vuSvaT 10 idei<strong>da</strong>n Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad vtovebT<br />
5 ideas, Semdeg – sams <strong>da</strong> bolos – ors;<br />
moderatoris mier saboloo prioritetebis gacnoba;<br />
gonebrivi ieriSis procesisa <strong>da</strong> Sedegis Sefaseba.<br />
studentebis raodenoba<br />
jgufis zoma aris 6-10 a<strong>da</strong>miani; Tu jgufi Zalian pataraa, monawileebi<br />
kargaven msjelobis motivacias <strong>da</strong> Tu Zalian didia, maSin iqmneba<br />
qvejgufebi <strong>da</strong> monawileebi erTmaneTs aRar usmenen.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
gonebrivi ieriSis meTods mTeli rigi <strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi aqvs;<br />
esaa:<br />
gonebrivi ieriSi efeqturi meTodia, radgan grovdeba rac Sei-<br />
101<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
102<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
Zleba bevri idea <strong>da</strong> mosazreba;<br />
monawileebs exmareba, <strong>da</strong>inaxon problema sxva perspeqtivi<strong>da</strong>n;<br />
SemoqmedebiTia;<br />
xels uSlis konfliqts, radgan ar xdeba ideebis Segrovebis<br />
procesSi mosazrebebis Sefaseba <strong>da</strong> ganxilva;<br />
monawileebi kmayofili arian, radgan yvelas aqvs erTi<strong>da</strong>igive<br />
statusi <strong>da</strong> uflebebi;<br />
iafia; cota masala sWirdeba;<br />
SesaZlebelia sxva meTodebTan kombinirebulad gamoyeneba.<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
SeiZleba jgufis yvela wevrma ar miiRos monawileoba<br />
procesSi;<br />
didi droa saWiro, gansakuTrebiT ideebis gacxrilvis dros.<br />
saswavlo garemo<br />
saswavlo garemo di<strong>da</strong>d ar gansxvavdeba diskusiisa <strong>da</strong> seminaris<br />
dros gamosayenebeli garemosagan; monawileebi sxe<strong>da</strong>n wreSi, SesaZlebelia<br />
magidis irgvliv, moderatori dgas jgufis win ise, rom yvela<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n kargad Cans. is an Camweri Canawers akeTebs <strong>da</strong>faze.<br />
garemo un<strong>da</strong> iyos maqsimalurad komfortuli <strong>da</strong> ar Seicavdes barierebs.<br />
swavlebis <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebi<br />
aucilebelia flirCarti (an <strong>da</strong>fa flirCartis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi),<br />
romelze<strong>da</strong>c gakruli gveqneba jgufis muSaobis wesebi; aseve<br />
saWiroa meore flirCarti, romelze<strong>da</strong>c feradi fanqrebiT CamovwerT<br />
ideebs; an feradi baraTebi, romelsac gavakravT <strong>da</strong>faze <strong>da</strong> TiToeulze<br />
<strong>da</strong>vwerT TiTo ideas.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> adekvaturi formebi<br />
gonebrivi ieriSis Sesafaseblad SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis<br />
meTodi; formaluri <strong>da</strong>kvirvebisas Canawerebs vakeTebT winaswar<br />
Sedgenili oqmis mixedviT. araformaluri <strong>da</strong>kvirveba amgvari oqmis<br />
Sedgenas ar saWiroebs.
magaliTi<br />
axlad<strong>da</strong>arsebuli organizacia studentebs ukveTavs originaluri<br />
veb-gverdis gakeTebas;<br />
studentebi mimarTaven gonebriv ieriSs.<br />
gonebriv ieriSSi monawileobs 5 studenti;<br />
gonebrivi ieriSi 40 wT. ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba;<br />
gonebrivi ieriSis Temebia: veb-gverdis sqemebi, forma, dinamika<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
SearCieT gansaxilveli Tema;<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmeT, vin iqnebian monawileebi;<br />
gansazRvreT procedura <strong>da</strong> samuSao gegma;<br />
gansazRvreT mosalodneli Sedegi;<br />
Sedegi gaacaniT monawileebs;<br />
momzadeT garemo;<br />
moamzadeT yvela saWiro masala;<br />
yvela monawiles mieciT saSualeba monawileoba miiRos procesSi;<br />
<strong>da</strong>rCiT maqsimalurad neitraluri <strong>da</strong> jgufis wevrebis mimarT<br />
pozitiuri.<br />
7.10.3. treningi<br />
ra aris es?<br />
treningi aris garkveuli sakiTxis irgvliv codnis, unar-Cvevebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> kompetenciebis SeZenis jgufuri procesi, romelic efuZneba<br />
sistemur wvrTnisa <strong>da</strong> ukukavSiris miRebas.<br />
treningi aris swavlebis interaqtiuli meTodi, romlis dros a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
treningis sxva monawileebTan erTad afasebs sagnebsa <strong>da</strong> movlenebs,<br />
ayalibebs mosazrebebs, Sexedulebebs <strong>da</strong> iviTarebs garkveul<br />
unar-Cvevebsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebs.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
treningi gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saWiroa unar-Cvevebis<br />
103<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
104<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
gamomuSaveba. trenings SesaZlebelia win uZRodes leqcia, saubrebi,<br />
diskusia, axsna-ganmarteba <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
unarebis ganviTareba sistematur wvrTnas saWiroebs, amitom mniSvnelovania<br />
garkveuli operaciebis gameoreba <strong>da</strong> Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT <strong>da</strong>xvewa.<br />
unarebis SeZena sam etaps moicavs: codnis SeZena, wvrTna <strong>da</strong> unar_<br />
Cvevebis SeZena; rodesac studenti ukve uSecdomod asrulebs <strong>da</strong>valebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> aRar akontrolebs sakuTar moqmedebas, es niSnavs, rom man<br />
ukve SeiZina es konkretuli unari.<br />
treningis msvlelobisas sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva meTodi gamoiyeneba, rac xels<br />
uwyobs monawileebis <strong>da</strong>iteresebas <strong>da</strong> yuradRebis koncentrirebas;<br />
mag.: ganxilvebi, saubari, prezetaciebi, TvalsaCinoebebis gamoyeneba<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
treningis procesi<br />
treningis procesi gulisxmobs jgufis wamyvans anu mwvrTnelisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> treningis monawileebs Soris urTierTobas – urTierTTanamSromlobas.<br />
mwvrTneli warmarTavs <strong>da</strong> akontrolebs jgufis muSaobas; umetes<br />
SemTxvevebSi, treningi mwvrTnels mihyavs. saklaso garemoSi mwvrTnelis<br />
funqcias maswavlebeli asrulebs.<br />
yovel trenings aqvs konkretuli mizani –raimis Sesrulebis, keTebis<br />
unarisa <strong>da</strong> kompetenciis gaumjobeseba, romelsac mwvrTneli ayalibebs.<br />
mizani formulirdeba imis mixedviT, Tu visTvis <strong>da</strong> ra Sedegebis<br />
misaRebad tardeba treningi.<br />
mwvrTneli miznis Sesabamisad SeimuSavebs satreningo gegmas; gegmaSi<br />
Sedis treningis SinaarsTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli <strong>da</strong> Tematur-Sinaarsobrivi<br />
sakiTxebi.<br />
treningis SinaarsTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul gegmaSi kargad un<strong>da</strong> gamoikve-<br />
Tos is sakiTxebi <strong>da</strong> prioritetebi, romlis miRwevasac mwvrTneli<br />
cdilobs. gegma un<strong>da</strong> iyos realuri <strong>da</strong> miRwevadi. zogjer SesaZlebelia<br />
treningis msvlelobisas gegmis cvlileba gaxdes saWiro.<br />
treningis organizaciul – teqnikuri gegma gulisxmobs Tu sad <strong>da</strong><br />
rodis Catardeba treningi.<br />
trenerma winaswar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gegmos treningisaTvis saWiro resursebi:<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyeba-<strong>da</strong>mTavrebis dro, Sesvenebebis raodenoba <strong>da</strong> xangrZlivoba,<br />
treningis CatarebisaTvis saWiro auditoria, treningisaTvis saWiro<br />
aRWurviloba, monawileebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>sarigebeli masalebi <strong>da</strong> msmenelTa<br />
raodenoba.
mas Semdeg, rac mwvrTnels kargad aqvs Camoyalibebuli mizani <strong>da</strong><br />
gegma, man un<strong>da</strong> izrunos procesis efeqtur Catarebaze.<br />
mwvrTnelma un<strong>da</strong> Seqmnas Ria <strong>da</strong> pozitiuri garemo. is pozitiurad<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos ganwyobili monawileebis mimarT <strong>da</strong> monawileebs urTierTmxar<strong>da</strong>Werisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> pativiscemis magaliTi un<strong>da</strong> misces.<br />
treningis <strong>da</strong>wyebisas mwvrTnelma un<strong>da</strong> gaarkvios monawileebis<br />
molodini <strong>da</strong> izrunos am molodinis <strong>da</strong>sakmayofileblad. vinai<strong>da</strong>n<br />
treningi sakmaod xangrZlivi procesia, xSirad is 6 sT grZeldeba,<br />
amitom treningi iyofa sesiebad; sesiebs Soris saWiroa Sesvenebebis<br />
sworad <strong>da</strong>gegmva <strong>da</strong> ganawileba; rogorc wesi, erTi Sesveneba aris<br />
xolme 45 wT, an erTi saaTi; <strong>da</strong>narCeni Sesvenebebi ufro xanmoklea,<br />
15-30 wT. mcire Sesvenebebis nacvlad SesaZlelia gamoviyenoT mokle<br />
savarjiSoebi, romelic monawileebs gantvirTvaSi <strong>da</strong>exmareba.<br />
treningis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg xdeba Sefaseba. <strong>Sefasebis</strong> Sedegebma<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gaCvenoT, Tu ramdenad iqna miRweuli treningis Sedegebi <strong>da</strong> Tu<br />
ara, ratom.<br />
amis Semdeg, SeiZleba gakeTdes <strong>da</strong>skvnebi, aris Tu ara saWiro treningis<br />
modifikacia. Sedegebis mixedviT SeiZleba miiRoT ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba<br />
Semdegi treningebis Sesaxeb.<br />
studentebis raodenoba<br />
treningis Casatareblad studentebis optimaluri raodenobaa 12-15<br />
monawile.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
trenings mTeli rigi <strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi aqvs:<br />
advilia swavla keTebis procesSi;<br />
xels uwyobs sakiTxis safuZvlian Seswavlas <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis<br />
gamomuSavebas;<br />
zrdis motivacias;<br />
saxalisoa;<br />
xels uwyobs socialuri unarebis ganviTarebasa <strong>da</strong> Camoyalibebas;<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
SesaZlebelia yvela wevri ver grZnobdes Tavs komfortulad<br />
jgufSi;<br />
105<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
106<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
SesaZlebelia gamoikveTos lideri (liderebi), romelic warmar-<br />
Tavs process, rac jgufis sxva wevrebs pasiurs xdis;<br />
ar gamodgeba didi zomis jgufebisaTvis swavlebis meTo<strong>da</strong>d;<br />
sWirdeba didi dro;<br />
rTulia <strong>Sefasebis</strong> procesi.<br />
saswavlo garemo<br />
treningis dros monawileebi sxe<strong>da</strong>n wreSi, mwvrTnels aqvs Tavisuflad<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis saSualeba. monawileebs ki erTmaneTTan Tavisuflad<br />
urTierTobis; mwvrTnels yvela kargad un<strong>da</strong> xe<strong>da</strong>vdes <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
saubari yvelas un<strong>da</strong> esmodes; amasTanave yvela kargad un<strong>da</strong> xe<strong>da</strong>vdes<br />
vizualur masalebs, ekrans.<br />
Tu treningis msvlelobisas saWiroa mcire jgufebad <strong>da</strong>yofa, un<strong>da</strong><br />
uzrunvelvyoT yvela jgufisaTvis saWiro adgili <strong>da</strong> aRWurviloba.<br />
swavlebis <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebi<br />
sasurvelia satreningo masala power point-is formatSi momzaddes;<br />
treningis Temi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia saWiro gaxdes videomasalis,<br />
mokle rgolebis Cvenebac; aseT SemTxvevaSi <strong>da</strong>gvWirdeba proeqtori,<br />
ekrani <strong>da</strong> leptopi.<br />
SesaZlebelia treningi ga<strong>da</strong>viRoT video kameraze <strong>da</strong> Semdeg gamoviyenoT<br />
monawileTa Sesafaseblad an Sesrulebis <strong>da</strong>saxvewad. aseT Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi <strong>da</strong>gvWirdeba video kamera.<br />
treningis msvlelobisas aseve saWiroa <strong>da</strong>fa, flirCarti, didi formatis<br />
qaRaldebi, feradi fanqrebi.<br />
sasurvelia monawileebs winaswar <strong>da</strong>vurigoT treningis msvlelobisas<br />
saWiro masalebi- e.w hen<strong>da</strong>uTebi. aseve, qaRaldebi, saweri kalami,<br />
bloknoti, saqaRalde.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> adekvaturi formebi<br />
Sefaseba SesaZlebelia Catardes rogorc treningis msvlelobisas,<br />
aseve <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdegac.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> ZiriTadi saxeebia:<br />
TviTSefaseba: SegviZlia monawileebs vTxovoT Seafason treningis<br />
Sedegi, procesisa <strong>da</strong> miRebuli gamocdilebis mixedviT. TviTSefaseba<br />
SesaZlebelia vawarmooT sesiis an treningis mimdinareobis dros <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg;
testireba: imis gazomva, mox<strong>da</strong> Tu ara monawileebis mier treningis<br />
dros <strong>da</strong>gegmilis Seswavla. codnisa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis SeZenis Sefaseba<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT advilia. gacilebiT rTulia <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebis cvlilebebis<br />
gazomva.<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirveba: SesaZlebelia monawileTa Sefaseba <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis gziTac.<br />
magaliTi<br />
jgufis zoma – 15-20 monawile<br />
dro – 75-90 wT<br />
masala: yoveli jgufisaTvis 4 wyvili sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva feris asawyobi<br />
konstruqciebi, 1 saxazavi, sufTa furclebi <strong>da</strong> fanqrebi;<br />
trenerisTvis ki markerebi <strong>da</strong> flipCarti.<br />
mizani: <strong>da</strong>gegmvis <strong>da</strong> jgufSi TanamSromlobis unarebis ganvi-<br />
Tareba.<br />
etapebi:<br />
1. jgufs vyofT 5-6 wevrian mcire jgufebad. yoveli jgufisaTvis<br />
SevarCevT 1 <strong>da</strong>mkvirvebels.<br />
2. 2-3 a<strong>da</strong>mians varCevT JiurisaTvis, romlebic <strong>da</strong>akvirdebian<br />
jgufis muSaobis process.<br />
jgufs vaZlevT Semdeg instruqcias `Tqven geZlevaT 40 wT,<br />
aagoT Tqveni xelT arsebuli masalebiT koSkis maketi, romelic<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos maRali, originaluri <strong>da</strong> myari; samuSaos <strong>da</strong>s rulebis<br />
Semdeg Tqvens namuSevars Seafasebs Jiuri. Jiuri iqneba obieqturi.<br />
Tqveni namuSevari Sefasdeba Semdegi kriteriumis mixedviT:<br />
ramdenad myaria koSki, maRali <strong>da</strong> originaluri~.<br />
3. jgufis wevrebs eZlevaT mcire dro <strong>da</strong>svan SekiTxvebi, magram<br />
ar eZlevaT araviTari <strong>da</strong>matebiTi miniSneba, rogor aagon koSki;<br />
4. <strong>da</strong>mkvirveblebs eZlevaT Semdegi instruqcia: CaiwereT procesi<br />
Semdegi maniSneblebis mixedviT:<br />
ra dro <strong>da</strong>sWir<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gegmvas?<br />
ra dro <strong>da</strong>axarjes monawileebma maketis aSenebas?<br />
ra dro <strong>da</strong>sWir<strong>da</strong> saboloo samuSaos Sesrulebas?<br />
aseve jgufis dinamikis Sesaxeb monacemebi: vin gamoxatav<strong>da</strong><br />
iniciativas, rogor ganawil<strong>da</strong> samuSao, yvela monawileob<strong>da</strong><br />
procesSi Tu mxolod nawili ?<br />
5. rodesac instruqcia gasagebia, fasilitatori niSnavs dros <strong>da</strong><br />
107<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
108<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaT lebaSi<br />
jgufebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva oTaxSi agzavnis samuSaod.<br />
6. sanam monawileebi asruleben samuSaos, Jiuri adgens cxrils,<br />
romelic ase gamoiyureba<br />
kriteriumi<br />
simaRle<br />
simyare<br />
originaloba<br />
saerTo jami<br />
jgufi<br />
1<br />
jgufi<br />
2<br />
jgufi<br />
3<br />
qulebis miniWeba moxdeba 10 qulian skalaze, sa<strong>da</strong>c 1 yvelaze<br />
cudi Sefasebaa <strong>da</strong> 10 saukeTeso. qulebis minimaluri odenobaa<br />
10 <strong>da</strong> maqsimaluri 30.<br />
yovel ga<strong>da</strong>cilebul wuTze jgufi kargavs 1 qulas.<br />
8. jgufebis samuSaos <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg Jiuri afasebs namuSevars<br />
kriteriumis mixedviT.<br />
9. treneri yvela monawiles abrunebs jgufSi – <strong>da</strong>mkvirveblebsac<br />
<strong>da</strong> Jiurisac. ganixilaven Sejibris, jgufis dinamikasa <strong>da</strong> Jiuris<br />
mier momzadebul saboloo angariSs.<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi<br />
yuradRebiT SearCieT satreningo Tema <strong>da</strong> zustad gansazRvreT<br />
treningis mizani;<br />
CamoayalibeT gegma: Tematuri <strong>da</strong> materialur-teqnikuri;<br />
SeadgineT sesiis detaluri gegma <strong>da</strong> miuTiTeT treningis meTodologia<br />
<strong>da</strong> resursebi;<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmeT kursis Sinaarsi (saswavlo programa);<br />
gansazRvreT samuSao dro <strong>da</strong> saWiro resursebi; maqsimalurad
gamoiyeneT xelT arsebuli wyaroebi <strong>da</strong> resursebi;<br />
gaiTvaliswineT Semdegi faqtorebi: drois resursi; monawile-<br />
Ta (codnis) done; jgufis zoma;<br />
moamzadeT monawileebisaTvis saWiro masalebi;<br />
SeimuSaveT <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sqema;<br />
jgufSi SeecadeT, imuSaoT mravalferovnad;<br />
SeecadeT, rom Tqveni programa iyos moqnili;<br />
gamoiyeneT jgufTan muSaobis <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva meTodi;<br />
<strong>da</strong>aintereseT monawileebi;<br />
akontroleT rom jgufSi ramdenime wevri ar gaxdes dominanturi;<br />
jgufSi SeqmeniT <strong>da</strong>debiTi atmosfero; aqcenti gaakeTeT imaze<br />
ra <strong>da</strong> rogor un<strong>da</strong> gaakeTon monawileebma <strong>da</strong> ara imaze, ra ar<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gaakeTon maT;<br />
treningi <strong>da</strong>asruleT <strong>da</strong>debiTi ganwyobiT;<br />
<strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg yvela monawiles mieciT azris gamoTqmis<br />
saSualeba.<br />
109<br />
swavlis <strong>meTodebi</strong>
110<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
Sefaseba<br />
Sefaseba swavlebis procesis mniSvnelovani nawilia. Sefaseba niSnavs<br />
rogorc <strong>da</strong>kvirvebas studentis miRwevaze, ise <strong>da</strong>skvnis gakeTebas<br />
misi Teoriuli <strong>da</strong> praqtikuli momzadebis Sesaxeb. Sefaseba rTuli<br />
procesia, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac es codnis Sefasebas exeba.<br />
maswavlebeli akvirdeba students <strong>da</strong> akeTebs <strong>da</strong>skvnebs, ramdenad kargad<br />
Tu cu<strong>da</strong>d icis man Tema//sagani. amasTanave, sagulisxmoa is, rom<br />
maswavlebeli yvelafers verc <strong>da</strong>akvirdeba <strong>da</strong> verc gamoikiTxavs,<br />
amitom studentis momzadebis doneze swori <strong>da</strong>skvnis gakeTeba rom<br />
SeZlos, sworad un<strong>da</strong> SearCios ras, rodis <strong>da</strong> rogor (ra meTodis<br />
gamoyenebiT) <strong>da</strong>akvirdes.<br />
ganmaviTarebeli <strong>da</strong> ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba<br />
arsebobs <strong>Sefasebis</strong> ori forma: ganmaviTarebeli <strong>da</strong> ganmsazRvreli.<br />
ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba swavlis proceszea orientirebuli, ganmsazRvreli<br />
ki – Sedegze.<br />
ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba, rogorc termini miuTiTebs, studentis<br />
ganviTarebazea mimarTuli. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba maswavlebels exmareba<br />
saswavlo procesis <strong>da</strong>gegmvaSi, xolo students miRwevebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT ukukavSiris miRebaSi.<br />
ganmaviTarebeli <strong>Sefasebis</strong>as savaldebulo ar aris qulis <strong>da</strong>wera;<br />
ganmaviTarebeli <strong>Sefasebis</strong> tipiuri formaa studentis mier Catarebuli<br />
samuSaos Sesrulebaze komentaris gakeTeba, romelSic asaxuli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos mis mier samuSaos Sesrulebis done <strong>da</strong> rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi swavlis<br />
gaumjobesebis mizniT.<br />
ganmsazRvreli <strong>Sefasebis</strong> mizania studentis miRwevis zusti Sefaseba.<br />
maSin, rodesac ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba SesaZlebelia `araformaluri~<br />
iyos, ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba yovelTvis `formaluria~ <strong>da</strong><br />
qulis <strong>da</strong>weras saWiroebs. ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba tardeba testis,<br />
prezentaciis, proeqtebis safuZvelze.<br />
orive tipis Sefaseba SesaZlebelia iyos mimdinare (swavlebis procesSi<br />
mimdinareobdes) an Semajamebeli (semestris an saswavlo wlis<br />
<strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg xdebodes); rekomendirebulia mimdinare <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
gamoyeneba Semajamebel SefasebasTan erTad.<br />
orive tipis Sefaseba SesaZlebelia iyos mimdinare (swavlebis procesSi<br />
mimdinareobdes) an Semajamebeli (semestris an saswavlo wlis <strong>da</strong>s-
ulebis Semdeg xdebodes); rekomendirebulia mimdinare <strong>Sefasebis</strong> gamoyeneba<br />
Semajamebel SefasebasTan erTad.<br />
cxrili 8.1. ganmaviTarebeli <strong>da</strong> ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba<br />
mimdinare<br />
Semajamebeli<br />
ganmaviTarebeli ganmsazRvreli<br />
yoveldRiuri <strong>da</strong>valebebis Sesruleba,<br />
gakveTilSi CarTuloba,<br />
proeqtis romelime etapi an sxv.<br />
am SemTxvevaSi vuxsniT studentebs<br />
rogor gaaumjobeson Sedegi.<br />
raime Temis, drois monakveTis,<br />
proeqtis bolos miRebuli sityvieri<br />
Sefaseba, komentari.<br />
wyaro: erovnuli saswavlo gegma (gv. 15; 2008)<br />
yoveldRiuri <strong>da</strong>valebebis<br />
Sesruleba,<br />
gakveTilSi CarTuloba,<br />
proeqtis romelime etapi<br />
raime Temis, drois monakveTis,<br />
proeqtis bolos<br />
miRebuli niSani.<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebeli sistematurad iyenebdes orive tipis<br />
Sefasebas: ganmsazRvrels <strong>da</strong> ganmaviTarebels. Tumca, sasurvelia,<br />
rom ganmaviTarebeli <strong>Sefasebis</strong> wili ufro meti iyos, vidre ganmsazRvrelis.<br />
semestris manZilze studenti SesaZlebelia Sefasdes sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva meTodis<br />
gamoyenebiT, rogoricaa<br />
a) <strong>da</strong>swreba; e) proeqtebi;<br />
b) saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebebis momzadeba; v) prezentaciebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
g) gamoc<strong>da</strong>//testireba;<br />
TiToeul komponents gansazRvruli xvedriTi wili aqvs saerTo SefasebaSi.<br />
mag.: <strong>da</strong>swrebas SeiZleba saerTo <strong>Sefasebis</strong> 10% mivaniWoT, przentacias<br />
15% <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
amJamad <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi rekomendebulia 100 quliani <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
sistemis gamoyeneba. <strong>Sefasebis</strong> savaldebulo komponentia <strong>da</strong>swreba,<br />
romelsac saerTo <strong>Sefasebis</strong> 10-20% eTmoba <strong>da</strong> saboloo gamoc<strong>da</strong>,<br />
romelsac 30-40% eTmoba; <strong>da</strong>rCenili nawili gansazRvrulia Sualeduri<br />
(mimdinare) <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis, romelic SesaZlebelia nebismieri formiT<br />
Catardes; Sualeduri <strong>Sefasebis</strong> SerCeva <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia sagnis mizansa <strong>da</strong><br />
specifikaze.<br />
ar arsebobs <strong>Sefasebis</strong> erTi stan<strong>da</strong>rtuli sqema; Sefaseba <strong>da</strong>mokide-<br />
111<br />
Sefaseba
112<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
bulia misaRwev mizanze, <strong>Sefasebis</strong> obieqtze, Tumca mniSvnelovania,<br />
rom nebismieri Sefaseba akmayofilebdes Semdeg pirobebs:<br />
• sandooba;<br />
• validuroba;<br />
• stan<strong>da</strong>rtuloba;<br />
• praqtikuloba;<br />
• gamWvirvaloba.<br />
Sefaseba sandoa im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac <strong>Sefasebis</strong> Sedegebi erTi<strong>da</strong>igivea,<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, Tu vin rodis afasebs studentis codnasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> unarebs. mag.: Sefaseba sando iqneba, Tu sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva maswavlebeli<br />
studentis erTsa<strong>da</strong>imave pasuxs an raimes Sesrulebul <strong>da</strong>valebas erTnairad<br />
Seafasebs an erTi maswavlebeli erTsa<strong>da</strong>imave pasuxs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
dros erTnairad Seafasebs.<br />
cxadia, Znelia absoluturad sando <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sistemis uzrunvelyofa;<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> sandoobaze gavlenas axdens sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva faqtori: studentis<br />
ganwyobebi, motivacia, fizikur garemoSi cvlilebebi (temperatura,<br />
ganaTeba), <strong>Sefasebis</strong> proceduris cvlileba (dro, instruqciebi,<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebis formulireba), maswavleblis subieqturi faqtorebi; rodesac<br />
maswavlebeli studentis codnasa <strong>da</strong> Sesrulebas afasebs, <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos, rom masala swora<strong>da</strong>a SerCeuli, meTodi adekvaturia,<br />
sandooba ki maRali.<br />
strategiebi, romelic zrdis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sandoobas:<br />
Sesafasebeli <strong>da</strong>valeba formulirebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos naTlad <strong>da</strong><br />
gasagebad;<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong>as gamoyenebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva instrumenti,<br />
romlebic erTmaneTs avseben;<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> sqema un<strong>da</strong> iyo konkretuli <strong>da</strong> specifikuri;<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gakontroldes yvela faqtori, romelic <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sandoobas<br />
amcirebs;<br />
studentebi un<strong>da</strong> Sefasdnen msgavs pirobebsa <strong>da</strong> situaciaSi;<br />
maswavlebeli un<strong>da</strong> iyos maqsimalurad miukerZoebeli.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> validurobas sxvanairad <strong>Sefasebis</strong> mizanTan Sesabamisobas<br />
uwodeben; es gulisxmobs: <strong>Sefasebis</strong> instrumentiT ramdenad zustad<br />
<strong>da</strong> adekvaturad fasdeba is codna <strong>da</strong> unarebi, romelsac Sefaseba<br />
isaxavs miznad. rodesac SefasebiT studentis codna <strong>da</strong> unarebi araz-
ustad izomeba, niSnavs imas, rom Sefasebas validobis problema aqvs.<br />
mag.: Tu <strong>Sefasebis</strong> amocanaa inteleqtis gazomva, xolo realurad Cven<br />
studentis mxolod faqtobriv codnas vzomavT, maSin Sefaseba aravaliduri<br />
anu mizanTan Seusabamobaa; Tu <strong>da</strong>mamTavrebel gamoc<strong>da</strong>ze<br />
SerCeuli teqsti an <strong>da</strong>valeba ufro rTulia, vidre studentma semestris<br />
ganmavlobaSi SeiZina, maSin Sefaseba kvlav validobis problemaze<br />
mianiSnebs. an <strong>da</strong>vuSvaT students vTxovT raimes gakeTebas, imis<br />
nacvlad, rom werilobiTi <strong>da</strong>valeba SevasrulebinoT, an piriqiT.<br />
strategiebi, romelic zrdis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> validobas:<br />
maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> SearCios studentis SesaZleblobebis<br />
maqsimalurad adekvaturi <strong>da</strong>valebebi (rac man kursis ganmavlobaSi<br />
iswavla);<br />
maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> SearCios codnisa <strong>da</strong> unarebis maqsimalurad<br />
adekvaturi <strong>Sefasebis</strong> forma.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtizacia miuTiTebs Sefaseba ramdenad msgavs Si naarssa<br />
<strong>da</strong> formats gulisxmobs <strong>da</strong> ramdenad msgavsia qulebis miniWebis<br />
principi yvela studentisaTvis. praqtikaSi xSirad gamoiyeneba stan<strong>da</strong>rtizebuli<br />
testebi, rac imas niSnavs, rom yvela studenti fasdeba<br />
erTi<strong>da</strong>imave formatiT, proceduriTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sqemiT. Tumca,<br />
zogjer saWiroa gaviTvaliswinoT studentebis individualuri Sesa-<br />
Zleblobebi <strong>da</strong> maTi fiziuri Tu fsiqiuri janmrTelobis donec; mag.:<br />
unarSezRuduli, problemuri studentebis <strong>Sefasebis</strong>as SesaZlebelia<br />
saWiro gaxdes <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sqemis an proceduris Secvla.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> praqtikuloba gviCvenebs, ramdenad mosaxerxebeli <strong>da</strong> iafia<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> instrumentisa <strong>da</strong> procedurebis gamoyeneba.<br />
praqtikuloba moicavs Semdeg sakiTxebs: ramdeni droa saWiro instrumentis<br />
Sesaqmnelad; ramdenad SesaZlebelia drois mocemul momentSi<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva studentebis Sefaseba; ramdenad Zviria <strong>Sefasebis</strong> masala;<br />
ramdenad advilia studentebis Sefaseba <strong>da</strong>valebebis Sesrulebis<br />
Semdeg <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
Sefaseba gamWvirvale anu Riaa im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
meqanizmebi <strong>da</strong> kriteriumebi winaswar aris studentebisaTvis cnobili;<br />
SesaZlebelia, rom studentebma Tava<strong>da</strong>c miiRon monawileoba <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
kriteriumebis SemuSavebaSi; saswavlo kursis <strong>da</strong>wyebisas maswavlebelma<br />
studentebs un<strong>da</strong> gaacnos <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sqema, romlis gamoyenebasac is<br />
apirebs.<br />
113<br />
Sefaseba
114<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
8. 11.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> sqemebi<br />
yovelTvis, rodesac studentis Sefasebas vapirebT, dgeba problema,<br />
rogor gavigoT, ra kriteriumis gamoyenebiT SevafasoT studentis<br />
codnis done.<br />
Sefaseba konkretuli sqemis safuZvelze un<strong>da</strong> xdebodes; sqema asaxavs<br />
im kriteriums, romlis safuZvelze<strong>da</strong>c students vafasebT; mag.:<br />
sakiTxis codna, analizi, Sesrulebis xarisxi, <strong>da</strong> a.S. <strong>Sefasebis</strong> kriteriumis<br />
SerCevisas un<strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT swavlebis mizani <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>valebis<br />
forma.<br />
SesaZlebelia ganvasxvavoT ori tipis Sefaseba: Sefaseba, romelic<br />
<strong>da</strong>xuruli pasuxebis SerCevas gulisxmobs <strong>da</strong> Ria forma, romelic pasuxis<br />
Seqmnas gulisxmobs; cxadia pirveli maTgani werilobiTia, xolo<br />
meore SesaZlebelia iyos rogorc werilobiTi, aseve zepiri an raime<br />
qmedebis Sesrulebas saWiroebdes.<br />
pasuxebis SerCeva pasuxebis Seqmna<br />
• mravlobiTi<br />
arCevani<br />
• swori/mc<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
• Sevseba<br />
• esse<br />
• portfolio<br />
• proeqti<br />
• kvleva<br />
• zepiri prezentacia<br />
• demonstrireba<br />
• debatebi<br />
• diskusia<br />
• proeqti<br />
magaliTebi<br />
1. ra raodenobis nimuSia saWiro yurZnis Saqar-mJavianobis analizisaTvis<br />
erT nakveTSi? (SearCieT erTi pasuxi)<br />
1 100 kg; 3 2 kg;<br />
2 500 kg; 4 10 kg.<br />
2. rTvelis <strong>da</strong>wyebis va<strong>da</strong> ganisazRvreba yurZnis Saqrianoba-mJavianobiT.<br />
1 diax 2 ara<br />
3. aqroladi mJavebis raodenoba matulobs --------- gradusze du-<br />
Rilis dros (CasviT Sesabamisi pasuxi).<br />
1 15 3 25<br />
2 20 4 30<br />
cxrili 8.2. <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sqemebi
8.1.1. <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sqemebi <strong>da</strong>xuruli kiTxvebisaTvis<br />
yvelaze martivi saxis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sqema <strong>da</strong>xuruli kiTxvebisas gamoiyeneba;<br />
es faqtobrivad pasuxebis CamonaTvalia, romelTagan studenti<br />
arCevs kiTxvis adeqvatur pasuxebs. SesaZlebelia saWiro iyos arsebuli<br />
variantebi<strong>da</strong>n erTi an ramdenime pasuxis SerCeva, swori <strong>da</strong> mc<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
pasuxebis gamoyofa, pasuxebis SeTanxmeba, pasuxebis <strong>da</strong>lageba raime<br />
principiT <strong>da</strong> gamotovebuli adgilebis Sevseba.<br />
umetes SemTxvevaSi swor pasuxs erTi qula miewereba, Tumca, xSirad<br />
maswavlebeli gansazRvravs, ramdeni qula miakuTvnos swor pasuxs;<br />
aseTi <strong>da</strong>valebebi advili <strong>da</strong> swrafi Sesafasebelia. <strong>Sefasebis</strong> es sqema<br />
tipuria testebis dros (ixileT testebi, Tavi 8.2.1).<br />
8.1.2 <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sqemebi Ria <strong>da</strong>valebebisTvis<br />
Ria <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sqema gamoiyeneba maSin, rodesac winaswar ar aris<br />
gansazRvruli kiTxvaze pasuxebi. kerZod, jgufuri muSaobis, Temis,<br />
zepiri pasuxis, prezentaciis Sesafaseblad. gamocdileba aCvenebs, rom<br />
Ria <strong>da</strong>valebebis Sefaseba ufro rTulia, vidre <strong>da</strong>xurulis; aseT Sefasebaze<br />
SesaZlebelia gavlenas axdendes maswavleblis gamocdileba,<br />
gemovneba, sakiTxis sirTule <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
sasurvelia Ria saxis <strong>da</strong>valebebi im<strong>da</strong>gvarad iyos Sedgenili, rom<br />
pasuxis gacemisas students uxdebodes ara mxolod informaciis gaxseneba,<br />
aramed Sefaseba, analizi, sinTezi.<br />
Ria saxis <strong>da</strong>valebebis Sesafaseblad sqemebis Sedgena sakmaod rTuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sromatevadia.<br />
1. werilobiTi sqemebi<br />
werilobiTi sqemebi gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saWiroa<br />
gamosaTvleli samuSaos Catareba. mag.: sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sazeinklo operaciis<br />
Sesruleba, naxazebis kiTxva, sabuRaltro aRricxva, elteqnika<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S. aseve argumentireba, <strong>da</strong>sabuTeba <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
mag.: kombinirebul sakvebSi antibotikebis raodenobis (mg/kg) gansaz-<br />
Rvra; Teslbrunvis sqemis Sedgena; memcenareobis calkeul <strong>da</strong>rgebze<br />
marJinaluri mogebebis gaangariSeba.<br />
`werilobiTi sqemebis~ sandoobisa <strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtizaciis miRweva ufro<br />
advilia, vidre `Sesrulebis sqemebis~, amitom ufro praqtikulic<br />
115<br />
Sefaseba
116<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
aris; Tumca, <strong>da</strong>valebis mixedviT, xSirad `Sesrulebis sqema~ ufro<br />
validuria, vidre `werilobiTi~.<br />
2. zepiri sqemebi<br />
zepiri Semowmeba SeiZleba gamoviyenoT maSin, rodesac Sesaswavli<br />
masalis ZiriTad Sinaarss Seadgens Teoriuli sakiTxebi; aucilebelia<br />
gamoavlinoT studentTa codna kursis ZiriTadi sakiTxebis mixedviT.<br />
aseT SemTxvevaSi, cxadia Ria kiTxvebi gamoiyeneba.<br />
mag.: macivrebisa <strong>da</strong> kondicionerebis SemkeTebeli specialobis studentTaTvis<br />
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania ozon<strong>da</strong>mSleli nivTiere -<br />
bebis codna <strong>da</strong> maTi atmosferoSi gafrqvevis Sedegebis codna.<br />
maswavlebeli svams aseT Ria SekiTxvas – `SegiZliaT <strong>da</strong>asabuToT,<br />
ratom aris saWiro garemosaTvis saSiSi qimikatebis xmarebi<strong>da</strong>n amo-<br />
Reba?~<br />
studentis pasuxi am kiTxvaze SesaZloa iyos: `imitom, rom es niv-<br />
Tierebebi iwveven ultraiisferi radiaciis gazr<strong>da</strong>s, ramac SeiZleba<br />
uaryofiTad imoqmedos mcenareebze, zRvis florasa <strong>da</strong> faunaze, zogierTi<br />
kulturis mosavlinobaze. mag.: lifsitebi, romlebic okeanis<br />
ze <strong>da</strong>piri<strong>da</strong>n ramdenime metriT qveviT ikvebebian, SeiZleba ultraiisferi<br />
gamosxivebisadmi mgrZnobiareni aRmoCndnen. metic, qimikatebma SeiZ<br />
leba gamoiwvios ultraiisferi gamosxivebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>mcavi fenis gaqro ba,<br />
rac cocxali organizmebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>mRupveli aRmoCndeba~.<br />
es Ria kiTxvaa, magram igive kiTxva SeiZleba iyos <strong>da</strong>xuruli <strong>da</strong> studentma<br />
upasuxos `diax~ an `ara~, rac cxadia, studentis msjelobaze<br />
ver mogvawvdis informacias <strong>da</strong> aseT SemTxvevaSi ararekomendebulia.<br />
es <strong>da</strong>valeba aseve SeiZleba gamoviyenoT werilobiTi <strong>da</strong>valebisaTvis.<br />
3. Sesrulebis sqemebi<br />
im SemTxvevaSia mizanSewonili, rodesac vafasebT studentis ganvi-<br />
Tarebis dones im unar-Cvevebis mixedviT, romelsac igi flobs: kompleqsur<br />
unarebs, maRali donis kognitur unarebs, rogoricaa problemis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wra, kreatuloba (SemoqmedebiToba), kritikuloba.<br />
mag.: gvsurs SevafasoT studentis mier tansacmlis kvanZis <strong>da</strong>mu-<br />
Saveba; <strong>da</strong>vuSvaT jibis an sayelos. cxadia, <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis un<strong>da</strong> ga moviyenoT<br />
`Sesrulebis sqema.~<br />
Sesrulebis <strong>Sefasebis</strong>as maswavlebelma SesaZlebelia Seafasos rogorc<br />
saboloo Sedegi, aseve Sesrulebis procesi;<br />
saboloo Sedegi un<strong>da</strong> asaxavdes studentis codnisa <strong>da</strong> momzadebis
dones. procesze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis gziT maswavlebelma SesaZlebelia <strong>da</strong>skvna<br />
gaakeTos studentis maRali donis kognitur unarebze, rac zemoT<br />
aris miTiTebuli.<br />
4. kombinirebuli Sefaseba<br />
xSirad <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis gamoiyeneba ara erTi romelime sqema, ara med<br />
kombinirebuli sqemebi. <strong>Sefasebis</strong> kombinirebuli meTodi gansakuTrebiT<br />
praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis Sesrulebis dros aris mniSvnelovani; am<br />
dros studenti zepirad CamoTvlis yvela gansaxorcielebel qmedebas,<br />
maT Tanamimdevrobas, gamosayenebel iaraR-samarjveebs, gansazRvravs<br />
SesaZlo Sedegs <strong>da</strong> Semdeg konkretuli unarebis demonstrirebas axdens.<br />
mag.: kervis specialobis Seswavla moiTxovs rogorc Teoriul,<br />
ise praqtikul codnas. amitom Teoriuli gamokiTxvis dros rekomendebulia,<br />
rom studentma praqtikula<strong>da</strong>c ganaxorcielos sakeravi manqanis<br />
meSveobiT garkveuli operaciebi.<br />
kombinirebuli Semajamebeli Semowmeba mag.: mebaTqaSeebisaTvis Sei-<br />
Zleba gamoviyenoT aseTi saxiT.<br />
studentebs vTxovT samuSaos Sesrulebamde saWiro iaraR-samarjveebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxelebasa <strong>da</strong> SerCevas, maTi <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis axsnas, saWiro masalebis<br />
SerCevas, baTqaSis tipis SerCevasa <strong>da</strong> axsnas, ratom irCeven am<br />
tips <strong>da</strong> ra moculoba <strong>da</strong>sWirdebaT konkretuli samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis;<br />
mxolod amis Semdeg vTxovT studentebs Seudgnen muSaobas.<br />
Tu zepiri gamokiTxvisas Cven studentebis codnas vafasebT, samuSaos<br />
Sesrulebisas vafasebT unar-Cvevevebs. mag.: iaraR-samarjveebis moxmareba<br />
(sabaTqaSe niCabi, aqan<strong>da</strong>z-niCabi, CamCa, saxexela, kuTxe saniSebi,<br />
xis sagluvebi, funji, momxvewi, liTonisa <strong>da</strong> xis niSnulebi, kuTxis<br />
Targi <strong>da</strong> sxva), baTqaSis momzadeba, baTqaSis miznobrivad gamoyeneba,<br />
samuSaos Sesrulebis xarisxi.<br />
8. 22.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong><br />
swavlebis procesSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>Sefasebis</strong> meTodi gamoiyeneba. <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
yvela meTods saerTo mizani aqvs – maTi saSualebiT grovdeba<br />
informacia studentebis miRwevebis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong>, aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
igegmeba swavlebis Semdgomi etapi. meores mxriv, TiToeuli maTgani<br />
gansazRvrul situaciaSi ufro efeqturia, vidre sxva meTodi. ganvixiloT<br />
TiToeuli maTgani.<br />
117<br />
Sefaseba
118<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
8.2.1 testi<br />
ra aris es?<br />
testi c<strong>da</strong>s, gamoc<strong>da</strong>s niSnavs. is farTod gamoiyeneba ganaTlebis<br />
yvela safexurze rogorc <strong>Sefasebis</strong> erT-erTi obieqturi <strong>da</strong> swrafi<br />
meTodi.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
testireba gamoiyeneba pirovnuli Taviseburebebis, inteleqtis koeficientis<br />
an codnis donis Sesamowmeblad. <strong>profesiul</strong>i ganaTlebis<br />
sferoSi testi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d codnis Sesamowmeblad gamoiyeneba.<br />
arsebobs stan<strong>da</strong>rtizebuli <strong>da</strong> pe<strong>da</strong>gogis mier Sedgenili testebi.<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtizebuli testebi profesionalebis mieraa Sedgenili. mocemuli<br />
testi eyrdnoba normas, stan<strong>da</strong>rts, anu garkveuli jgufisaTvis<br />
saSualo maCvenebels. TiToeuli a<strong>da</strong>mianis mier miRebuli rezultatis<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>reba xdeba <strong>da</strong>dgenil normasTan, stan<strong>da</strong>rtTan.<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtizebuli testi Sedgeba testuri <strong>da</strong>valebebisa <strong>da</strong> instruqciisagan,<br />
romelSic miTiTebulia testis mizani (ras zomavs es testi),<br />
norma – garkveuli asakobrivi Tu sxva tipis jgufisaTvis, cxrilisagan,<br />
ris mixedviTac xdeba konkretuli a<strong>da</strong>mianis rezultatis Se<strong>da</strong>reba<br />
testis normasTan.<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtizebuli testebi gamoiyeneba a<strong>da</strong>mianis inteleqtis, pirovnuli<br />
Taviseburebebis, profesionalTa kompetenturobis (mag.: pe<strong>da</strong>gogebis<br />
an iuristebis), studentebisa <strong>da</strong> moswavleebis miRwevebis gasazomad<br />
arsebobs testebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba garkveuli saswavlo<br />
kursis <strong>da</strong>wyebis win <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg, raTa ganisazRvros ramdenad<br />
warmatebulad mox<strong>da</strong> kursis <strong>da</strong>Zleva.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogebis mier Sedgenili testebi aris <strong>da</strong>valebaTa erToblioba,<br />
romlis meSveobiTac mowmdeba studentTa codnis done, maT mier<br />
<strong>profesiul</strong>i unarebis floba.<br />
arsebobs Semdegi tipis pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri testebi:<br />
1. normaze orientirebuli <strong>da</strong> kriteriumze orientirebuli;<br />
2. homogenuri <strong>da</strong> heterogenuli;<br />
3. mimdinare, Semajamebeli, misaRebi <strong>da</strong> sakvalifikacio;<br />
normaze orientirebuli pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri testi SesaZleblobas iZleva<br />
Seva<strong>da</strong>roT erTi studentis monacemebi sxva studentebis monacemebs,<br />
xolo kriteriumze orientirebuli pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri testi ki SesaZle-
lobas iZleva SevafasoT Tu ra doneze aqvT studentebs aTvisebuli<br />
programiT gaTvaliswinebuli masala.<br />
homogenuri pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri testi mxolod erTi sagnis <strong>da</strong>valebebisagan<br />
Sedgeba. homogenuri pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri testi SeiZleba iyos rogorc<br />
normaze, ise kriteriumze orientirebuli. saswavlo procesSi yvelaze<br />
xSirad swored homogenuri testi gamoiyeneba.<br />
heterogenuri pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri testi ramdenime sagnis <strong>da</strong>valebebs<br />
moicavs. amitom, mis SigniT SesaZloa Sediodes ramodenime homogenuri<br />
testi (am tipis pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri testis gamoyeneba SesaZloa misaRebi<br />
an sakvalifikacio gamocdis, testirebis dros).<br />
mimdinare testirebas mimarTaven saswavlo procesis mimdinareobis<br />
dros. mimdinare testi SeiZleba Sedgenili iyos erTi an meti pe<strong>da</strong><br />
gogis mier. am saxis testi Zalze mniSvnelovania. misi meSveobiT<br />
SesaZlebelia studentTa codnis donis sistematuri gakontroleba,<br />
studentebSi swavlis motivaciis, <strong>da</strong>moukideblad muSaobis unaris gamomuSaveba.<br />
Semajamebeli testi gamoiyeneba Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT didi moculobis codnis<br />
Sesamowmeblad, garkveuli Temis, an drois monakveTis (semestris,<br />
saswavlo wlis) <strong>da</strong>srulebisas.<br />
aseTi tipis testis Sedgena Zalzed mniSvnelovania. am tipis testi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gamoirCeodes maRali validobiTa <strong>da</strong> sandoobiT (ix. testis<br />
validoba <strong>da</strong> sandooba) mis SedgenaSi un<strong>da</strong> monawileobdnen sakmaod gamocdili<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi. umjobesia, rom am tipis testebi erTi disciplinis<br />
farglebSi iyos centralizebuli <strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtuli. Semajamebeli<br />
testebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d homogenuri <strong>da</strong> kriteriumze orientirebulia.<br />
misaRebi testireba –gamoiyeneba studentebis sawavlebelSi Caricxvis<br />
dros. testireba SesaZloa erT an ramodenime saganSi tardebodes.<br />
misaRebi testirebis dros ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d gamoiyeneba homogenuri, normaze<br />
orientirebuli an heterogenuli, normaze orientirebuli testi<br />
(mag.: unar-Cvevis testi).<br />
sakvalifikacio testireba tardeba swavlis garkveuli etapis <strong>da</strong>srulebis<br />
Semdeg. am tipis testis meSveobiT xdeba imis gansazRvra,<br />
Tu ramdenad Seesatyviseba TiToeuli studentis codnis done specialistis<br />
kvalifikaciis miniWebis stan<strong>da</strong>rtiT gansazRvrul dones.<br />
testirebis mizani un<strong>da</strong> iyos specialistebis momzadebis donis ama-<br />
Rleba. es testi SemuSavebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos pe<strong>da</strong>gogebis, meTodistebis,<br />
fsiqometrikosebis mier. aseTi tipis testirebac umjobesia centralizebuli<br />
iyos.<br />
119<br />
Sefaseba
120<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
sakvalifikacio testi un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvravdes studentis profesiu li<br />
codnis donesa <strong>da</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong>i unarebis flobas.<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n testis mizani codnis donis gansazRvraa, amitom testirebisas<br />
studenti garkveul qulas agrovebs. swored miRebuli qulis<br />
mixedviT xdeba studentisaTvis niSnis <strong>da</strong>wera.<br />
testi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d werilobiTi saxisaa, Tumca arsebobs araverbaluri<br />
saxis testic. mag: xelovnebis, saxelobo an sportis sferoSi.<br />
aseT SemTxvevaSi a<strong>da</strong>mianma praqtikulad un<strong>da</strong> Seasrulos garkveuli<br />
moqmedeba. mag.: moqsovos gobeleni an ganaxorcielos rTuli ileTi.<br />
werilobiTi testis ori saxe arsebobs: obieqturi testi <strong>da</strong> esse<br />
obieqturi testi Sedgeba SekiTxvebisagan, romelic martiv pasuxs<br />
moiTxovs: ~ki~ an `ara~, an alternatuli mtkicebulebebisagan.<br />
magaliTi<br />
1. megabaiti aris informaciis sazomi umciresi erTeuli?<br />
1 ki 2 ara<br />
2. ra principiT beW<strong>da</strong>vs lazeruli printeri?<br />
1 kartrijis saSualebiT;<br />
2 specialuri nemsebiani detalis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT;<br />
3 specialuri melniT;<br />
4 rkinaze amotvifruli mza asoebis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT.<br />
esse ki aris testis saxe, romelic vrcel pasuxs moiTxovs (un<strong>da</strong> Caiweros<br />
msjeloba, sazepiro, an sulac mokle Sinaarsi). esses meSveobiT<br />
SesaZlebelia azrovnebis procesebis (analizis, sinTezis, <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
unaris), warmosaxvisa <strong>da</strong> fantaziis unaris gamovlena <strong>da</strong> ganviTareba.<br />
magaliTad, prezentaciis kompiuteruli sistemis (Microsoft Power-<br />
Point) <strong>da</strong>niSnuleba <strong>da</strong> SesaZleblobebi<br />
testuri <strong>da</strong>valebebis Sedgena<br />
testuri <strong>da</strong>valebebis Sedgenisas<br />
aucilebelia testuri proeq tis Sedgena.<br />
testuri proeqti mo icavs testirebis<br />
Temebs, SekiTxvebis arss,<br />
SekiTxvebis raodenobas calkeuli<br />
TemisaTvis. aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />
sagnis specifika.<br />
kargia, roca testuri proeqti<br />
testuri proeqti aris testis<br />
Sedgenisas aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebeli<br />
punqtebis Ca-<br />
monaTvali. kargi testuri<br />
proeqti un<strong>da</strong> iZleodes informacias<br />
testirebis Temis,<br />
SekiTxvebis tipisa <strong>da</strong> swavlebis<br />
miznis Sesaxeb.
eyrdnoba benJamen blumis taqsonomiis Teorias. SemogTavazebT testuri<br />
proeqtis martiv formas, romelic am Teorias eyrdnoba. (magaliTad,<br />
TemisaTvis operaciuli sistema Windows, 4 <strong>da</strong>valeba exeba<br />
codnis Semowmebas, 3 <strong>da</strong>valeba gagebas, Tu ramdena<strong>da</strong>a masala gaazrebuli,<br />
3 <strong>da</strong>valeba ki praqtikuli amocanaa <strong>da</strong> a.S)<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebaTa raodenoba TiToeuli mizanTa klasisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebebi codna gageba gamoyeneba<br />
operaciuli sistema<br />
Windows<br />
saWiro informaciis<br />
moZieba Internet Explorer-is<br />
gamoyenebiT<br />
eleqtronuli fostiT<br />
sargebloba<br />
Outlook express<br />
analizi sinTezi Sefaseba<br />
4 3 3 2 2 1<br />
3 3 2 2 2 1<br />
3 3 2 2 2 1<br />
sul 10 9 7 6 6 3<br />
kargi testi un<strong>da</strong> iyos validuri <strong>da</strong> sando.<br />
validuria testi im SemTvevaSi, Tu is zomavs im movlenas, ris gasazoma<strong>da</strong>c<br />
viyenebT mas. mag.: informaciuli teqnologiebis testSi ar<br />
un<strong>da</strong> Sediodes SekiTxva sadurglo nakeTobebis <strong>da</strong>muSavebis Sesaxeb.<br />
Tu saswavlo kursis 40% eTmobo<strong>da</strong> garkveuli informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemas,<br />
<strong>da</strong> 60% praqtikuli <strong>da</strong>valebebis Sesrulebas, testi ise un<strong>da</strong> iyos Sedgenili,<br />
rom misi 40% amowmebdes mocemuli informaciis codnas.<br />
meore aucilebeli faqtori aris sandooba. sandooba mdgomareobs<br />
testis rezultatebis mudmivobaSi. mag: Tu inteleqtis testSi 170<br />
studentma saSualod 95 qula <strong>da</strong>agrova <strong>da</strong> erTi kviris Semdeg 85, ma-<br />
Sin mocemuli testi sando ar yofila.<br />
Tu gvin<strong>da</strong>, rom Cven mier Sedgenili testi iyos sando, Semdegi faqtorebi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT:<br />
I faqtori – gasazomi obieqtis arastabiluroba. swavlebis procesSi<br />
igulisxmeba, rom moswavleebi ukeT iswavlian masalas, <strong>da</strong>euflebian<br />
romelime disciplinas. amitom sando testSi aucileblad un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos gaTvaliswinebuli mosalodneli cvlilebebi.<br />
121<br />
Sefaseba
122<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
II faqtori – SemTxveviToba. warmoidgineT testi, romelic 20 kiTxvisagan<br />
Sedgeba, <strong>da</strong> masze SesaZlo pasuxi aris `ki~ an `ara~. masalis<br />
ar codnis SemTvevaSic sworad gacemuli pasuxebis albaToba aris 1:2;<br />
anu SeiZleba a<strong>da</strong>mianm, sworad upasuxos 50%-s, Tu is SemTxveviTad<br />
Semoxazavs pasuxebs. magram, aseve SesaZloa fortunam ar gagiRimoT<br />
<strong>da</strong> mxolod 3 SekiTxvaze gasceT swori pasuxi. testis sandoobis gazr<strong>da</strong><br />
SesaZlebelia mxolod SekiTvebis raodenobis gazrdiT. did Ser-<br />
Cevaze fortunis gavlena mcirdeba.<br />
III faqtori <strong>da</strong>valebaTa sirTule. saSualo sirTulis <strong>da</strong>valebebisagan<br />
Semdgari testi ufro sandoa, vidre testi, romelSic sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
sirTulis, araerTgvarovani <strong>da</strong>valebebia mocemuli.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
testi iZleva SesaZleblobas sistematurad vakontroloT <strong>da</strong><br />
SevamowmoT TiToeuli studentis codnis done;<br />
testiT SegviZlia SevafasoT rogorc Teoriuli codna, ise inteleqtualuri<br />
SesaZleblobebi <strong>da</strong> praqtikuli unarebi;<br />
testi ufro obieqturia, vidre zepiri gamokiTxva, vinai<strong>da</strong>n<br />
Tavisufalia pe<strong>da</strong>gogis mxri<strong>da</strong>n romelime studentis mimarT<br />
subieqturi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebi<strong>da</strong>n;<br />
testirebis Catareba SegviZlia erTdroulad did SerCevaze,<br />
droSi ekonomiuria;<br />
testirebis dros yvela studenti Tanabar pirobebSia, yvelas<br />
erTnairi moTxovna aqvs wayenebuli.<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
testi informacias gvaZlevs arsebuli codnis Sesaxeb, magram<br />
ar gvaZlevs srul suraTs a<strong>da</strong>mianis SesaZleblobebis, potencialis<br />
Sesaxeb. amitom kargi iqneba testis Sevseba informaciis<br />
sxva wyaro<strong>da</strong>n: kerZod zepiri gamokiTxvis, prezentaciisa<br />
an qce vaze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis meSveobiT.<br />
aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom testis Sedegze<br />
avlena SeiZleba moaxdinos studentis motivaciam an mis ma<br />
emociurma mdgomareobam.
ekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
testis Sedgenamde aucileblad SeimuSaveT testuri proeqti;<br />
testis sirTule un<strong>da</strong> Seesatyvisebodes studentT codnisdones;<br />
testis <strong>da</strong>valebebi un<strong>da</strong> iyos Zalian konkretuli. Tu testis<br />
mizani aris xatvis unaris Sefaseba, maSin <strong>da</strong>valeba un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
raimes <strong>da</strong> xatva;<br />
testi-esse mimarTuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos azrovnebis rTuli procesebis<br />
(analizis, sinTezisa <strong>da</strong> Sinaarsis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> unaris) gamosavlenad;<br />
esse un<strong>da</strong> Seesatyvisebodes gavlil masalas;<br />
alternatiuli mtkicebulebebis miwodebis SemTvevaSi swori<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos mxolod erTi mtkicebuleba;<br />
mtkicebulebebi un<strong>da</strong> iyos mokled, mkafiod Camoyalibebuli;<br />
sasurvelia testis SekiTxva ar iyos mtkicebulebis formiT<br />
Camoyalibebuli, es arTulebs swori pasuxis SerCevas;<br />
alternatiuli mtkicebulebebis SemTxvevaSi araswori pasuxebi<br />
erTnairad un<strong>da</strong> hgavdes swor pasuxs;<br />
aucilebelia testirebis Semdeg studentebTan erTad swori<br />
<strong>da</strong> araswori pasuxebis garCeva;<br />
Tu testi bevri <strong>da</strong>valebisagan Sedgeba, mis <strong>da</strong>sawerad didi dro<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos gamoyofili;<br />
studentebs weris <strong>da</strong>wyebis win un<strong>da</strong> miewodoT sruli informacia<br />
testis Sevsebis wesisa <strong>da</strong> gamoyofili drois Sesaxeb.<br />
8.2.2. zepiri gamokiTxva<br />
ra aris es?<br />
zepiri gamokiTxva tradiciulad yvelaze ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba<br />
codnis Sesamowmeblad <strong>da</strong> gulisxmobs maswavleblis mier <strong>da</strong>smul<br />
SekiTxvebze studentis pasuxs.<br />
zepiri gamokiTxvis mizania studentis azrovnebis stimulacia. saxelobo<br />
ganaTlebis doneze sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>rgis specialistebma un<strong>da</strong><br />
Seasrulon samuSao, romelic moiTxovs faqtebis, monacemebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>meTodebi</strong>s analizsa <strong>da</strong> interpretacias, rac Tavis mxriv azrovnebis,<br />
gansjis gareSe warmoudgenelia.<br />
123<br />
Sefaseba
124<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
zepiri gamokiTxvis gamoyeneba SeiZleba rogorc semestris ganmavlobaSi<br />
Sualeduri <strong>Sefasebis</strong>as, aseve saboloo semestruli <strong>Sefasebis</strong>as,<br />
Tumca yvelaze ufro xSirad <strong>Sefasebis</strong> es forma yoveldRiur<br />
saswavlo procesSi gamoiyeneba.<br />
ase magaliTad, zepir gamokiTxvas viyenebT, rodesac:<br />
gvin<strong>da</strong> SevamowmoT, Tu ramdenad gaigo studentma leqciaze/<br />
praqtikumze axsnili masala;<br />
rodesac praqtikuli samuSaos Sesrulebisas gvin<strong>da</strong> gavigoT, Tu<br />
ramdenad esmis students mis mier Sesrulebuli moqmedebebi,<br />
Tu gvin<strong>da</strong> movisminoT konkretuli qmedebebis axsna-ganmarteba;<br />
zepiri gamokiTxva SeiZleba gamoviyenoT seminaris <strong>da</strong> diskusiis<br />
stimulaciisaTvis;<br />
zepiri gamokiTxva xSirad <strong>Sefasebis</strong> Tanmxlebi formaa mag.:<br />
prezentaciis an <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis dros, rodesac Semfasebeli <strong>da</strong>matebiTi<br />
kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>smiT cdilobs <strong>da</strong>azustos studentis pasuxi;<br />
zepiri gamokiTxva kargi meTodia studentebis donis gansaz-<br />
RvrisaTvis – jgufSi studentebi SeiZleba Zalian gansxvavdebodnen<br />
erTmaneTisgan gamocdilebiTa <strong>da</strong> saganmanaTleblo statusiT.<br />
maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>adginos studentebis codnis<br />
do ne mecadineobis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde <strong>da</strong> amisaTvis zepiri gamokiTxva<br />
yvelaze ufro swrafi <strong>da</strong> iafi meTodia, mag.: weriT testTan<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT.<br />
zepiri gamokiTxva efeqturia, Tu kiTxvebi kargad aris gaazrebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> momzadebuli <strong>da</strong> swored Camoyalibebuli. zepiri gamokiTxviT<br />
SeiZleba rogorc faqtobrivi codnis, aseve studentis azrovnebis<br />
Semowmeba.<br />
zepiri gamoc<strong>da</strong>, rogorc codnis semestruli <strong>Sefasebis</strong> forma. <strong>profesiul</strong>i<br />
ganaTlebis specifiki<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, cotaa iseTi sagani,<br />
romlis codnis Semowmebis saboloo formad mxolod zepiri gamoc<strong>da</strong><br />
SeiZleba CaiTvalos. am dros, rogorc wesi, zepiri gamokiTxva SeiZleba<br />
kombinirebuli iyos <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sxva formebTan.<br />
saboloo gamocdis dros zepiri gamokiTxva SeiZleba niSnavdes bileTSi<br />
mocemul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas. maswavlebelma winaswar<br />
un<strong>da</strong> moamzados bileTebi. bileTSi kiTxvebis raodenoba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia<br />
sagnis specifikaze.
Tu studenti erTi sakiTxis irgvliv un<strong>da</strong> saubrobdes, maSin am Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi zepiri gamokiTxva prezentacias emsgavseba, im gansxvavebiT,<br />
rom studenti winaswar konkretulad am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisaTvis<br />
ar momzadebula. am dros studentma SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>mxmare saSualebebic<br />
gamoiyenos, rogoricaa <strong>da</strong>faze naxazis Sesruleba <strong>da</strong> a.S. Sesabamisad,<br />
es `sufTa~ saxis zepiri gamokiTxva veRar iqneba.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
zepiri gamokiTxva <strong>Sefasebis</strong> erT-erTi yvelaze ufro iafi me-<br />
Todia;<br />
zepiri gamokiTxva marTalia moiTxovs maswavleblis mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />
drois xarjvas kiTxvebis momzadebisaTvis, magram Tavad <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
procesi SesaZloa Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mokle droSi ganxorcieldes<br />
– mag.: weriTi gamocdisgan gansxvavebiT, studentis<br />
pasuxebi iqve fasdeba;<br />
zepiri gamoc<strong>da</strong> studentebs Tanabar pirobebSi ayenebs <strong>da</strong> amdenad,<br />
codnis Semowmebis yvelaze ufro `demokratiuli~ meTodia,<br />
gamomdinare iqi<strong>da</strong>n, rom zepiri komunikaciis unari yvelas<br />
aqvs: anu zepiri gamokiTxvis dros students ar sWirdeba sxva<br />
gansakuTrebuli unarebi, rogoric SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>sWirdes mag.:<br />
demonstrirebis an jgufuri proeqtis dros;<br />
zepiri gamokiTxva xels uwyobs verbaluri komunikaciis ganvi-<br />
Tarebas;<br />
zepiri gamokiTxva <strong>da</strong>gexmarebaT gauRviZoT studentebs interesi<br />
<strong>da</strong> motivacia, Seiswavlon Tqveni sagani;<br />
zepir kiTxvebze studentebis pasuxebi kargi indikatoria imisa,<br />
Tu ramdenad sworad iyo saswavlo procesi <strong>da</strong>gegmili Tqven<br />
mier, ramdenad sworad iyo miwodebuli masala. Sesabamisad, zepiri<br />
gamokiTxva leqciasa Tu praqtikumze <strong>da</strong>gexmarebaT gansaz-<br />
RvroT momdevno mecadineobis Sinaarsi <strong>da</strong> sirTule.<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
zepiri gamokiTxva SesaZloa sakmaod subieqturad CaiTvalos,<br />
radganac <strong>Sefasebis</strong> procesSi <strong>da</strong> mis Sedegad garkveuli `produqti~<br />
ar iqmneba. anu sxva Semfasebels ar SeeZleba mogvianebiT<br />
gamocdis Sedegebis/miRebuli <strong>Sefasebis</strong> obieqturobis ga<strong>da</strong>mowmeba,<br />
ise rogorc es SeiZleba moxdes weriTi gamocdis<br />
125<br />
Sefaseba
126<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
magaliTebi<br />
an portfoliosa <strong>da</strong> proeqtis SemTxvevaSi. Sesabamisad zepiri<br />
gamokiTxvis sandooba Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT <strong>da</strong>balia.<br />
Tema: svetebis mopirkeTeba.<br />
zepiri gamokiTxvis gamoyeneba mizanSewonilia Teoriuli codnis Sesamowmeblad,<br />
konkretuli samuSaos <strong>da</strong>wyebis win; amisaTvis SesaZlebelia<br />
SekiTxvebis momzadeba TiToeuli Sesasrulebeli elementisaTvis.<br />
kiTxvebi:<br />
rogor ganisazRvreba waxnagebis adgilmdebareoba?<br />
rogor magrdeba filebi Senobis oTxive mxares <strong>da</strong> svetebis<br />
saerTo rigTan? ra xelsawyoebi <strong>da</strong> samarjvebi gamoiyeneba<br />
am dros?<br />
rogor xdeba TabaSir-duRabis Suquris <strong>da</strong>yeneba?<br />
rogoria cement-qviSis duRabis Tanafardoba?<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
Tavi aarideT erTi tipis kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>smas – SeecadeT zepiri<br />
gamokiTxviT SeamowmoT rogorc faqtobrivi codna, aseve<br />
azrovnebis unari;<br />
konkretuli codnis Sesamowmeblad <strong>da</strong>sviT konkretuli<br />
kiTxvebi;<br />
Zalian <strong>da</strong>konkretebuli kiTxvebis gar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sviT iseTi kiTxvebic,<br />
romlebic studentis mier sagnis zogad codnasa <strong>da</strong> gaazrebas<br />
giCvenebT;<br />
nu SeamowmebT mxolod faqtebis codnas, SeecadeT mosTxovoT<br />
students faqtebisa <strong>da</strong> movlenebis axsna. faqtebis <strong>da</strong>maxsovreba<br />
jer kidev ar niSnavs maT gaazrebas. <strong>da</strong>sviT kiTxvebi,<br />
romlebic students aiZuleben, iazrovnos;<br />
saswavlo kursis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi ufro martivi kiTxvebiT un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iwyoT<br />
gamokiTxva, xolo semestris ganmavlobaSi kiTxvebi ukve<br />
SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>itvirTos” Sesabamisi terminologiiT <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rgis<br />
specifikuri `JargoniT~.
8.2.3. prezentacia<br />
ra aris es?<br />
prezentacia ewodeba Sesrulebuli praqtikuli an Teoriuli proeqtis<br />
Sedegebis wardgenis process.<br />
prezentacia xSirad sajaro gamosvlis formatiT tardeba <strong>da</strong> mas<br />
SesaZloa uSualod Semfaseblebis gar<strong>da</strong> farTo auditoriac <strong>da</strong>eswros.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c prezentacia Sesrulebuli proeqtis wardgenas gulisxmobs,<br />
misi gamoyeneba studentis codnisa <strong>da</strong> unarebis <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis<br />
SesaZlebelia mxolod mas Semdeg, rac students sakmarisi gamocdileba<br />
eqneba <strong>da</strong>grovili proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis. Sesabamisad praqtikuli<br />
proeqtis prezentacia sasurvelia semestris an saganmanaTleblo<br />
programis bolos, maSin rodesac Teoriuli proeqtis prezentacia<br />
Teoriuli/Sesavali kursebis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdegac <strong>Sefasebis</strong> adekvatur<br />
formas warmoadgens. TavisTavad Teoriuli proeqtis prezentacia<br />
SinaarsiTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>niSnulebiT praqtikulad ar gansxvavdeba studentis<br />
mier seminarisaTvis momzadebuli masalisgan, Tu ar CavTvliT am masalis<br />
moculobas. praqtikuli proeqtis SemTxvevaSi ki studenti (an<br />
studentTa jgufi) gansazRvravs <strong>da</strong> gegmavs Sesasrulebel samuSaos,<br />
Tavad axorcielebs mas – anu asrulebs praqtikul qmedebebs, qmnis<br />
garkveul produqts, aanalizebs <strong>da</strong> ganazogadebs monacemebs <strong>da</strong> mxolod<br />
amis Semdeg waradgens miRebul Sedegebs prezentaciis saxiT.<br />
mTavari sakiTxi, romelic gaTvalisiwnebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos prezentaciis<br />
gamoyenebisas: ras vafasebT – Sesrulebul proeqts Tu prezentaciis<br />
teqnikas? cxadia, fasdeba orive aspeqti, rogorc Sinaarsobrivi<br />
(Sesrulebuli proeqti; detalebi ix. `Tavi 8.2.7: jgufuri <strong>da</strong> individualuri<br />
proeqti~), aseve uSualod prezentaciis unarebi. saswavlo<br />
kursis <strong>da</strong>niSnulebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvros<br />
prioritetebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> kriteriumebi.<br />
rodesac maswavlebeli prezentacias Tavisi sagnis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> formad<br />
gansazRvravs, man, gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, sxva sakiTxebic un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinos:<br />
prezentaciis Sinaarsi un<strong>da</strong> asaxavdes saswavlo kursis Sinaarss<br />
<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebodes swavlis Sedegebs; Sesabamisad azri ar aqvs<br />
prezentaciis gamoyenebas maSin, Tu saswavlo kursis SinaarsiT<br />
127<br />
Sefaseba
128<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli prezentaciis unarebis gamomuSaveba,<br />
an kursis masala ar Seesabameba prezentacias.<br />
prezentaciis pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri efeqti izrdeba maSin, Tu auditoriac<br />
<strong>da</strong>interesebulia prezentaciis SinaarsiT <strong>da</strong> mza<strong>da</strong>a, yuradRebiT<br />
moisminos <strong>da</strong> miiRos axali informacia.<br />
Tanamedrove prezentacia, rogorc wesi, mzaddeba eleqtronul<br />
formatSi (power point) <strong>da</strong> saWiroebs <strong>da</strong>mxmare teqnikur saSualebebs:<br />
kompiuters, proeqtors, ekrans <strong>da</strong> a.S. Sesabamisad,<br />
Tu studentebs ar aqvT sainformacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebis<br />
gamocdileba, an saswavlebels ar gaaCnia saTanado aR-<br />
Wurviloba, prezentaciis Catareba azrs moklebulia. rig Sem-<br />
TxvevebSi <strong>da</strong>saSvebia kompiuteruli teqnikis magier sxva saxis<br />
sademonstracio masalebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa tabulebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> naxazebi.<br />
rogor movamzadoT prezentacia<br />
prezentaciis organizeba<br />
prezentacia sami nawilisagan Sedgeba:<br />
1. Sesavali – es nawili prezentaciaze gankuTvnili saerTo<br />
drois <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 20%-s Seadgens;<br />
2. ZiriTadi nawili - es nawili prezentaciaze gankuTvnili saer-<br />
To drois <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 70%-s Seadgens;<br />
3. <strong>da</strong>skvna - es nawili prezentaciaze gankuTvnili saerTo drois<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 10%-s Seadgens;<br />
Sesavali prezentaciis aucilebeli nawilia. am nawilis mizania<br />
auditoriis interesisa <strong>da</strong> yuradRebis miqceva, pirveladi kontaqtis<br />
<strong>da</strong>myareba. momxsenebelma Sesavali nawiliT un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ainteresos<br />
msmeneli <strong>da</strong> ganawyos mosmenisaTvis.<br />
Sesaval nawilSi un<strong>da</strong> Sediodes Semdegi sakiTxebi:<br />
vin aris momxsenebeli;<br />
prezentaciis tipi – sainformacio, instruqciuli, problemis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wraze mimarTuli <strong>da</strong> a.S.;<br />
ZiriTadi saprezentacio Temebis CamonaTvali;<br />
prezentaciis gegma;<br />
ZiriTadi nawili prezentaciis yvelaze sapasuxismgeblo nawilia.<br />
sasurvelia, rom prezentaciis Temebis raodenoba Zalian bevri
ar iyos; rekomendirebulia maqsimum sami Temis gamoyeneba. gamoiyeneT<br />
sailustracio magaliTebi im debulebebis <strong>da</strong>samtkiceblad,<br />
romlebic gansakuTrebiT rTulad aRsaqmelia auditoriisaTvis.<br />
grafikuli ilustraciebi, saubris toni, qcevis manera – yovelive<br />
es mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens auditoriaze.<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvniT nawilSi xdeba prezentaciis Sejameba, Tu ras emsaxurebo<strong>da</strong><br />
prezentacia; SesaZlebelia am nawilSi Sediodes rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi<br />
Tu es prezentaciis mizania;<br />
gamoiyeneT Semdegi principi, samjer gaimeoreT saTqmeli, anu auditorias<br />
uTxariT, ris Tqmas apirebT; uTxariT saTqmeli; SeajameT<br />
rac ukve uTxariT.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
prezentacia uviTarebs studentebs iseT zogad unarebs, rogoricaa<br />
komunikacia, sakuTari azris/poziciis wardgena, argumentireba<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva, diskusiis warmarTva <strong>da</strong> a.S.;<br />
prezentaciis Sefaseba <strong>da</strong>matebiT dros ar saWiroebs <strong>da</strong> prezentaciis<br />
<strong>da</strong>srulebisTanavea SesaZlebeli;<br />
prezentaciis dros <strong>da</strong>matebiTi kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>smis saSualeba aqvs<br />
ara marto maswavlebels <strong>da</strong> formalur Semfasebels, aramed Tavad<br />
auditorias.<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
prezentacia saWiroebs specialur teqnikur aRWurvilobas, Sesabamisad<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT Zviri meTodia;<br />
maswavlebelma/instruqtorma studentebs winaswar un<strong>da</strong> Seaswavlos<br />
prezentaciis teqnika <strong>da</strong> misces praqtikis saSualeba<br />
– es meTodi seriozul momzadebas saWiroebs <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiT dros iTxovs.<br />
magaliTebi<br />
prezentacia SesaZlebelia momzaddes Semdegi saxis sakiTxebze:<br />
Tanamedrove morwyvis sistemis <strong>da</strong>debiTi <strong>da</strong> uaryofiTi mxareebi<br />
sademonstracio nakveTis magaliTze;<br />
tixruli minanqris istoria <strong>da</strong> tradiciebi saqarTveloSi;<br />
TeTri Rvinomasalebis warmoebis evropuli teqnologiis upiratesoba<br />
<strong>da</strong> nakli tradiciul teqnologiasTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT <strong>da</strong><br />
a.S.<br />
129<br />
Sefaseba
130<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
sakmarisi dro <strong>da</strong>uTmeT prezentaciis teqnikis swavlebas, vidre<br />
mas <strong>Sefasebis</strong> formad gamoiyenebT;<br />
mieciT studentebs seminarze prezentaciis praqtikis saSualeba;<br />
winaswar SeqmeniT prezentaciis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> skala <strong>da</strong> gaacaniT is<br />
studentebs: prezentaciis romeli aspeqti (mag.: gamoyenebuli<br />
wya roebi, wardgenili masalis sisrule, diskusiis unari, saubris<br />
manera, prezentaciis vizualuri mxare <strong>da</strong> a.S.) ramdeni quliT iqneba<br />
Sefasebuli – es <strong>da</strong>zogavs Tqven dros <strong>da</strong>, amasTanave, uzrunvelyofs<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> obieqturobas.<br />
8.2.4. <strong>da</strong>kvirveba <strong>da</strong> demonstrireba<br />
ra aris es?<br />
demonstrireba gulisxmobs auditoriis winaSe praqtikuli samuSaos<br />
Sesrulebas <strong>Sefasebis</strong> mizniT1. demonstrirebis dros warmoCenili<br />
codnisa <strong>da</strong> unarebis Sefaseba gulisxmobs Semfaseblis mxri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>kvirvebas.<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirveba gamoiyeneba rogorc mimdinare, ise Semajamebeli <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
forma. <strong>da</strong>kvirvebas, gar<strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>da</strong>niSnulebisa, didi pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri<br />
mniSvnelobac aqvs: yoveldRiur saswavlo reJimSi gamocdili<br />
maswavlebeli <strong>da</strong> instruqtori mudmivad akvirdeba students ise, rom<br />
arc erTi mxare am process Sefasebad ar aRiqvams. <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis meSveobiT<br />
maswavlebeli adgens studentis Tvisebebs, mis <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas<br />
swavlisadmi, specialur saWiroebebs, rac mas SemdgomSi individualuri<br />
midgomis gansazRvraSi exmareba.<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirvebamde aucilebelia students SevuqmnaT samuSao garemo.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebis micemis dros un<strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT Tu ra masala <strong>da</strong> iaraR<br />
-samarjveebi mogvepoveba saxelosnoSi. aseve aucilebelia winaswar<br />
kvalificirebuli instruqtaJis miwodeba <strong>da</strong> saqmianobisaTvis sakmarisi<br />
drois gamoyofa.<br />
1. demonstrireba aseve swavlebis meTods warmoadgens, ix. `demonstrirebiT swavleba~.
arsebobs ori saxis <strong>da</strong>kvirveba; formaluri <strong>da</strong> araformaluri;<br />
formalur <strong>da</strong>kvirvebas winaswar SemuSavebuli kriteriumebi sWirdeba;<br />
maswavlebeli students akvirdeba kriteriumebis mixedviT <strong>da</strong><br />
afasebs TiToeuli kriteriumis Sesrulebis xarisxs.<br />
araformalur <strong>da</strong>kvirvebas amgvari gegma ar sWirdeba; maswavlebeli<br />
aseT <strong>da</strong>kvirvebas yovelTvis awarmoebs klasSi; mag.: araformaluri <strong>da</strong>kvirvebiT<br />
maswavlebeli igebs, rom erT students uadvildeba minanqris<br />
tixrebis <strong>da</strong>mzadeba <strong>da</strong> muSaobs sufTad, maSin rodesac meore<br />
studenti kargad arCevs ferebs, mesame studenti nakleb yuradRebas<br />
aqcevs usafrTxoebis wesebis <strong>da</strong>cvas <strong>da</strong> a.S..<br />
winamdebare TavSi <strong>da</strong>kvirvebas ganvixilavT rogorc formalur Sefasebas.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
saxelobo ganaTlebaSi studentis mier praqtikulad Sesrulebul<br />
samuSaoze <strong>da</strong>kvirveba studentis <strong>profesiul</strong>i kompetenciis <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
yvelaze ufro adekvaturi meTodia: instruqtori uyurebs, ramdenad<br />
swored asrulebs studenti samuSaos. Tavis mxriv studenti, asrulebs<br />
ra samuSaos, axdens programis farglebSi SeZenili codnisa <strong>da</strong><br />
unarebis demonstrirebas.<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirveba ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d gamoiyeneba praqtikuli unarebis <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis,<br />
Tumca cxadia, rom studenti praqtikul unarebs ver SeiZens<br />
garkveuli Teoriuli safuZvlis gareSe, anu <strong>da</strong>kvirveba Teoriuli<br />
sabazo codnis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> iribi, arapir<strong>da</strong>piri formac aris.<br />
mag.: sanam studenti Seasrulebs kompleqsur samuSaos kedlis filebiT<br />
mopirkeTebaSi, man winaswar un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvros kedlis simaRle,<br />
filebis xarisxi, rogori garemosTvis aris gankuTvnili es filebi,<br />
SearCios <strong>da</strong>mxmare masala. <strong>da</strong>kvirveba un<strong>da</strong> moxdes rogorc TiToeul<br />
am elementze, ise mTeli muSaobis procesze.<br />
praqtikuli unarebis demonstrireba students SeuZlia mxolod mas<br />
Semdeg, rac is am codnas SeiZens Sesabamisi saswavlo procesis farglebSi.<br />
rogorc wesi, demonstrirebisaTvis saWiro unarebis gamomuSaveba<br />
praqtikuli mecadineobis dros xdeba.<br />
arian studentebi, romlebsac uWirT Teoriuli codnis ga<strong>da</strong>tana<br />
praqtikaSi. mag.: studentma SeiZleba uproblemod <strong>da</strong>xazos paraleluri<br />
SeerTebis eleqtruli wredi, magram gauWirdes samontaJo <strong>da</strong>faze<br />
gamzadebuli detalebis pirobebSi sqemis awyoba. amitom praqtikuli<br />
muSaobis dros studenti mudmivad saWiroebs <strong>da</strong>kvirvebas;<br />
131<br />
Sefaseba
132<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirvebiT gamovlenili Secdomebis analizi aucilebelia moxdes<br />
instruqtaJTan SesabamisobaSi.<br />
praqtikuli saqmianobis dros didi mniSvneloba aqvs Sromis struqturis<br />
Tanamimdevrobas. mTavaria studenti am Tanamimdevrobas mihyvebodes.<br />
studentTa muSaobaSi Tanamimdevrobis <strong>da</strong>rRveva xSirad<br />
seriozul sirTuleebs iwvevs. Tu gavaanalizebT Secdomebs saswavlo<br />
praqtikis mimdinareobisas, rac instruqciiT gaTvaliswinebuli Tanamimdevrobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rRveviT aris gamowveuli, zogierT studentTan Sesa-<br />
Zlebelia weriTi instruqciis micema <strong>da</strong>gvWirdes.<br />
gansakuTrebiT Znelad midis praqtikuli saqmianoba saswavlo praqtikis<br />
pirvel periodSi, radganac studentebs xSirad aviwydebaT an<br />
saerTod ar asruleben <strong>da</strong>mxmare operaciebs. mag.: ar iTvaliswineben<br />
Carxebze brunTa ricxvis gansazRvras, uzustod asruleben moniSvnis<br />
operaciebs, zustad ar sazRvraven Wris siRrmes, ver akontroleben<br />
zomebs <strong>da</strong> a.S. maTi yuradReba ga<strong>da</strong>tanilia mTlianad im qmedebebis<br />
ganxorcielebaze, romlebic aucilebelia Sedegis misaRwevad. am Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi instruqtors ar un<strong>da</strong> gamorCes msgavsi uzustobebi <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>arwmunos studenti, rom sawarmoo procesi mxolod ZiriTadi operaciebisagan<br />
ar Sedgeba. <strong>da</strong>kvirvebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, zogierT SemTxvevaSi<br />
SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT trenaJori. mag.: avtomobilis Zravis<br />
Seswavlis dros.<br />
im sferoebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c mxolod <strong>da</strong>kvirveba araa sakmarisi <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis,<br />
SeiZleba misi kombinireba <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sxva meTodebTan, mag.<br />
zepir gamokiTxvasTan, raTa maswavlebeli <strong>da</strong>rwmundes, rom students<br />
kargad esmis mis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos arsi, usafrTxoebis<br />
wesebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
iseve, rogorc <strong>Sefasebis</strong> nebismieri sxva formis dros, <strong>da</strong>kvirvebisaTvisac<br />
aucilebelia <strong>Sefasebis</strong> mkafio kriteriumebis arseboba, vinai<strong>da</strong>n<br />
studentebma SesaZlebelia mTavar sakiTxad an elementad CaTvalon<br />
sul sxva ram <strong>da</strong> ZiriTadi ki gamotovon. sandooba miiRweva<br />
ma Sin, Tu yvelasaTvis gasagebia, ras akvirdebian, ra fasdeba <strong>da</strong> rogor,<br />
ra <strong>da</strong> rogor un<strong>da</strong> Seasrulos studentma, rom gamomcdeli mis<br />
kompetenturobaSi <strong>da</strong>rwmundes.<br />
rekomendebulia <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis oqmis SemuSaveba <strong>da</strong> Sevseba <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
procesSi. sasurvelia studentis demonstraciis <strong>da</strong>fiqsireba videoze,<br />
Tumca es dResdReisobiT naklebad realurad migvaCnia. magram sasargebloa<br />
demonstrirebis Semdeg studentTan erTad Canaweris naxva<br />
<strong>da</strong> masTan erTad <strong>da</strong>Svebuli Secdomebis (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi)<br />
garCeva.
isi demonstrireba SeuZlia students <strong>da</strong> ras SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vakvirdeT?<br />
rogor muSaobs studenti, ramdenad swrafad <strong>da</strong> swored, Tanamimdevrulad,<br />
usafrTxoebis wesebis <strong>da</strong>cviT asrulebs is konkretul samuSaos,<br />
ramdenad swored arCevs konkretuli samuSaosaTvis saWiro<br />
masalas, ekonomiurad xarjavs Tu ara mas, <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT martivi <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sqema, sa<strong>da</strong>c kriteriumis<br />
Sesruleba/ ar Sesruleba iqneba aRniSnuli, an ufro rTuli,<br />
rac Sesrulebis xarisxis Sefasebas gulisxmobs. mag.: pirvel SemTxvevaSi<br />
studenti agebs an ver agebs filebs kedelze; meore SemTxveva-<br />
Si ki vafasebT ramdenad kargad an cu<strong>da</strong>d agebs studenti filebs.<br />
kriteriumi studenti<br />
A<br />
studenti<br />
B<br />
muSaobs swrafad V V<br />
studenti<br />
C<br />
muSaobs sworad V V<br />
icavs samuSaos Tanamimdevrobas V V<br />
samuSao masalas arCevs sworad V V V<br />
masalas xarjavs ekonomiurad V<br />
icavs usafrTxoebis wesebs V<br />
qulaTa maqsimaluri raodenobaa 6<br />
an xarisxis Sefaseba, sa<strong>da</strong>c 1 niSnavs yvelaze <strong>da</strong>bal, uaryofiT Sefasebas,<br />
xolo 5 yvelaze maRals.<br />
kriteriumi studenti<br />
D<br />
studenti<br />
E<br />
studenti<br />
F<br />
muSaobis tempi 5 3 4<br />
muSaobs siswore 5 2 4<br />
samuSaos Tanamimdevrobis <strong>da</strong>cva 5 2 4<br />
samuSao masalis arCeva 4 3 4<br />
masalis ekonomiurad xarjva 4 3 4<br />
usafrTxoebis wesebis <strong>da</strong>cva 5 3 4<br />
sul 28 16 24<br />
qulaTa minimaluri raodenobaa 6, maqsimaluri 30<br />
133<br />
Sefaseba
134<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
jgufuri mecadineobis dros rTulia TiToeul studentze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis<br />
ganxorcieleba, magram mTavaria ar <strong>da</strong>kargoT maTze vizualuri<br />
kontaqti.<br />
jgufuri <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis SemTxvevaSi yuradReba eqceva muSaobis temps,<br />
romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs gamovavlinoT calkeuli Seferxebebi <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>vexmaroT maT aRmofxvraSi. sasurvelia mecadineobis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebis<br />
Semdeg studentebs gavacnoT <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis Sedegebi, romlebsac ufro<br />
ganzogadebiTi xasiaTi eqneba. analizi keTdeba mTlianobaSi jgufis<br />
muSaobi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare <strong>da</strong>, aseve, <strong>da</strong>Svebul Secdomebze<strong>da</strong>c.<br />
jgufuri muSaobis dros <strong>da</strong>kvirvebas ufro xSirad mimarTvaven yvela<br />
studentisaTvis erTsa<strong>da</strong>imave Temaze. es iqneba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sazeinklo<br />
operaciebi (qlibva, burRva, miCrCilva <strong>da</strong> a.S.), <strong>da</strong>Sla-awyobiTi samuSaoebi,<br />
saamSeneblo Tu sxva Temebi. aranakleb sainteresoa <strong>da</strong>kvirveba<br />
jgufur muSaobaze, rodesac ramodenime studenti CarTulia jgufur<br />
muSaobaSi <strong>da</strong> garkveul <strong>da</strong>valebas asrulebs. mag.: saamSeneblo TaRis<br />
Sesruleba. am <strong>da</strong>valebis calkeuli elementebi studentebs gavlili<br />
aqvT wina mecadineobebze <strong>da</strong> maswavlebeli/instruqtori awarmoebs<br />
Semajamebel <strong>da</strong>kvirvebas Seswavlili masalis erTobliobisa, sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>kvirveba<br />
mimdinareobs saamSeneblo masalebis SerCevaze, yalibis <strong>da</strong>dgmaze<br />
<strong>da</strong> TaRis zust gaangariSebebze.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
yvelaze efeqturad afasebs studentis praqtikul unarebs;<br />
mimdinare <strong>Sefasebis</strong> yvelaze martivi formaa, ar moiTxovs <strong>da</strong>matebiT<br />
dros;<br />
efeqturia saswavlo kursis swavlebis meTodikis <strong>da</strong>xvewisaTvis;<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirvebisas mowmdeba studentis ara marto praqtikuli unarebi,<br />
aramed mis mier manamde aTvisebuli Teoriuli codnac<br />
– Teoriis codnisa <strong>da</strong> gaazrebis gareSe studenti praqtikul<br />
samuSaos sworad ver Seasrulebs.<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
sakmaod Zviri meTodia, radgan did dros saWiroebs <strong>da</strong> resurss<br />
demonstrirebisaTvis:<br />
sakmaod rTulia jgufSi yvela studentze erTdrouli <strong>da</strong>kvirveba<br />
– maswavlebelis mxri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>Sefasebis</strong> es meTodi garkveul<br />
praqtikas/ gamocdilebas saWiroebs.
magaliTebi<br />
mag.: N1<br />
studentebi amzadeben keramikul larnaks; <strong>da</strong>mzadebis dros studentze<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirveba warmoebs Semdegi mimarTulebiT:<br />
ra niSniT SearCevs studenti Tixas;<br />
rogor masas moamzadebs;<br />
rogoria misi xelis mtevnisa <strong>da</strong> TiTebis moZraoba <strong>da</strong> mdebareoba;<br />
gamowvis temperaturis SerCeva <strong>da</strong> xangrZlivoba;<br />
namzadis saboloo saxismicema <strong>da</strong> moxatva;<br />
yuradRebiT <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis safuZvelze instruqtors eqmneba warmodgena<br />
studentis momzadebis Sesaxeb.<br />
mag.: N2<br />
sadurglo specialobis jgufSi instruqtori akvirdeba rogor aiTvisa<br />
jgufma `kuTxuri SeerTeba erTmagi kodiT~.<br />
am samuSaos Sesrulebis dros studentma un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenos moniSvnis<br />
xerxebi, kodebisa <strong>da</strong> budeebis Caxerxva, amotexva.<br />
instruqtoris <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis mizania: ramdenad sworia moniSvnis xerxebi,<br />
xerxvisa <strong>da</strong> amotexvis ileTebi, xerxebis sworad Sesruleba.<br />
Sesrulebuli samuSaos xarisxi Semowmdeba kuTxedis gamoyenebiT.<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvirvebis Sedegad SesaZlebelia aRiniSnos Semdegi Secdomebi: moniSvna<br />
SecdomiTaa Sesrulebuli, budeebi araswora<strong>da</strong>a Caxerxili an amotexili<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S. aseT SemTxvevaSi SeerTeba sizustes moklebuli <strong>da</strong><br />
uxarisxo iqneba.<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
CainiSneT <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis dros yvela mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, nu<br />
endobiT Tqvens mexsierebas!<br />
winaswar SeimuSaveT <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis oqmi – es gagiadvilebT muSaobas<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>zogavs Tqvens dros! yovel studentze SegiZliaT<br />
individualuri oqmi awarmooT, sa<strong>da</strong>c winaswar geqnebaT<br />
gansazRvruli <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis dros Sesafasebeli maxasiaTeblebi,<br />
rogoricaa mag.: masalis gamoyeneba, drois menejmenti,<br />
usafrTxoebis wesebis <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
gaacaniT studentebs winaswar <strong>Sefasebis</strong> kriteriumebi <strong>da</strong> aux-<br />
135<br />
Sefaseba
136<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
seniT <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis arsi;<br />
studentTa muSaobis dros yovelTvis iyaviT maTi mxedvelobis<br />
areSi;<br />
saqmianobis Seferxebis dros mieciT students swori mimarTuleba.<br />
8.2.5. saSinao <strong>da</strong>valeba komentarebi<br />
ra aris es?<br />
saSinao <strong>da</strong>valeba warmoadgens saswavleblis farglebs gareT maswavleblis<br />
miTiTebiT studentis mier <strong>da</strong>moukideblad Sesrulebul<br />
samuSaos. saSinao <strong>da</strong>valeba, rogorc wesi, ufro xSirad Teoriul xasiaTs<br />
atarebs, gulisxmobs ra garkveuli masalis zepir an weriT<br />
momzadebas, <strong>da</strong> Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT iSviaTad gamoiyeneba praqtikuli samuSaoebis<br />
Sesasruleblad (ix. qvemoT). saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis Semowmeba mimdinare<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> klasikuri formaa.<br />
saSinao <strong>da</strong>valeba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolaSi <strong>Sefasebis</strong> tradiciuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> albaT yvelaze ufro farTod gavrcelebuli meTodia, magram<br />
mas aseve iyeneben saxelobo ganaTlebaSi, <strong>da</strong> ara marto Teoriuli sagnebis<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis.<br />
SeiZleba gamovyoT saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis sami ZiriTadi tipi:<br />
praqtika – saswavlebelSi naswavli masalis gameoreba <strong>da</strong> ganmtkiceba;<br />
momzadeba – saswavlebelSi Sesasrulebeli samuSaosaTvis (rogorc<br />
Teoriuli, aseve praqtikuli) masalebis Segroveba;<br />
proeqt(eb)i2 – didi moculobis praqtikuli samuSao, romelic<br />
xels uwyobs studentis <strong>profesiul</strong> <strong>da</strong>ostatebas.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, saSinao <strong>da</strong>valeba SeiZleba gamoviyenoT nebismieri<br />
Teoriuli sagnis <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis. praqtikuli sagnebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis gamoyeneba aseve <strong>da</strong>saSvebia, magram cxadia,<br />
2 proeqtebi <strong>da</strong>wvrilebiT aris ganxiluli am wignis 9.2.7 TavSi.
om aucilebeli winapiroba, rom iyos saswavleblis gareT (maT Soris<br />
studentis saxlSi) am praqtikuli samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis saWiro<br />
pirobebis arseboba. garkveuli tipis praqtikuli samuSaos SemTxveva-<br />
Si es warmoudgenelia – studentebs saxlSi ver eqnebaT saTanado<br />
Carxebi, <strong>da</strong>zgebi <strong>da</strong> sxva specifikuri aRWurviloba, maSin rodesac rig<br />
SemTxvevebSi – mag.: qsova, kerva <strong>da</strong> a.S. praqtikuli saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis<br />
Sesruleba saxlis pirobebSic SesaZlebelia. aqve un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom<br />
Teoriuli sagnebis SemTxvevaSic saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebas ver gamoviyenebT,<br />
Tu studentebs ar aqvT saxelmZRvaneloebi <strong>da</strong> saswavlo masala, an<br />
xeli ar miuwvdebaT saTanado informaciaze.<br />
ra un<strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT<br />
saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis Sinaarsi <strong>da</strong> forma mkafiod un<strong>da</strong> iyos gansaz-<br />
Rvruli maswavleblis mier. arsebobs bevri gansxvavebuli mosazreba<br />
imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogori <strong>da</strong> ra moculobis saSinao <strong>da</strong>valeba un<strong>da</strong> Seasrulos<br />
studentma swavlis procesSi.<br />
ra saxis samuSao un<strong>da</strong> Seasrulos studentma <strong>da</strong>moukideblad? waikiTxos<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis literatura <strong>da</strong> Semdeg zepiri gamokiTxvis<br />
formatSi `Caabaros~ maswavlebels gakveTili? Seasrulos weriTi samuSao<br />
Txzulebis an testis saxiT? yvela individualur SemTxveva-<br />
Si maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvros saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis saxe, sagnis<br />
specifiki<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare. saSinao <strong>da</strong>valeba un<strong>da</strong> emsaxurebodes studentSi<br />
konkretuli tipis codnisa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, mag.:<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wyaroSi saWiro informaciis moZieba <strong>da</strong> referireba, terminologiis<br />
<strong>da</strong>swavla <strong>da</strong> a.S. erTi sagnis farglebSi SesaZloa semestris<br />
ganmavlobaSi maswavlebelma sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis saSinao <strong>da</strong>valeba<br />
gamoiyenos.<br />
aseve mkafiod un<strong>da</strong> iyos Camoyalibebuli saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
kriteriumebi. ras vafasebT, mag.: weriTi <strong>da</strong>valebis SemTxvevaSi?<br />
naSromis moculobas, informaciis gamoyenebuli wyaroebis mravalferovnebas<br />
Tu pasuxebis sisrules? studentebma winaswar un<strong>da</strong> icodnen<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> kriteriumebi, rac maT <strong>da</strong>exmarebaT saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis<br />
adekvaturad momzadebaSi.<br />
saSiano <strong>da</strong>valeba <strong>da</strong>kargavs Tavis pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur mniSvnelobas, Tu<br />
maswavleblma is ar ganixila studentTan erTad. student(eb)is mier<br />
momzadebuli <strong>da</strong>valebis Semowmeba SeiZleba moxdes maTTan erTad an<br />
marto, magram nebismier SemTxvevebSi studentebma un<strong>da</strong> icodnen, ratom<br />
miiRes esa Tu is Sefaseba mocemuli <strong>da</strong>valebis SesrulebisaTvis<br />
– anu maswavlebelma maT un<strong>da</strong> detaluri komentarebi miawodos, sad <strong>da</strong><br />
137<br />
Sefaseba
138<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
ra tipis Secdoma iyo <strong>da</strong>Svebuli, rogoria swori pasuxi, risi gakeTeba<br />
SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> ukeT <strong>da</strong> a.S. SesaZloa es gakeTdes sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva studentis<br />
namuSevrebis Se<strong>da</strong>rebis meSveobiTac. maswavleblis mier komentarebi<br />
SeiZleba Sesruldes werilobiT an zepirad. kvlevebiT <strong>da</strong>sturdeba,<br />
rom maswavleblis mxri<strong>da</strong>n detaluri komentarebis miwodeba studentebis<br />
akademiur miRwevebs mniSvnelovnad zrdis im SemTxvevebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT,<br />
rodesac maswavlebeli mxolod amowmebs, magram ar `arCevs~<br />
saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebas.<br />
saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis moculoba gaTvaliswinebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos saganmanaTleblo<br />
programis <strong>da</strong>gegmvis dros, kerZod semestris ganmavloba-<br />
Si. saswavlo kursebis raodenoba <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos imaze, Tu<br />
ramden dros <strong>da</strong>xarjavs studenti saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis Sesrulebaze. anu<br />
maswavleblebs un<strong>da</strong> esmodeT, rom saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis Sesruleba iseve<br />
warmoadgens studentis saswavlo <strong>da</strong>tvirTvas, rogorc misi <strong>da</strong>swreba<br />
formalur mecadineobebze.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
xels uwyobs studentebis <strong>da</strong>moukidebel muSaobas;<br />
xels uwyobs studentebSi iseTi zogadi unarebis gamomuSavebas,<br />
rogoricaa TviTdisciplina, samuSaos <strong>da</strong>gegmva, drois ganawileba,<br />
informaciis moZieba, analizi <strong>da</strong> sinTezi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
maswavlebeli uSualod ver akontrolebs saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis<br />
Sesrulebas – anu fasdeba produqti <strong>da</strong> ara samuSao procesi;<br />
saSiano <strong>da</strong>valebis Sesrulebisas arsebobs garkveuli riski, rom<br />
studenti arakeTilsindisierad moiqceva – anu samuSaos sxvas<br />
gaakeTebinebs an ga<strong>da</strong>wers (plagiatoba);<br />
saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis Semowmeba did dros moiTxovs – maswavlebeli<br />
yuradRebiT un<strong>da</strong> gaecnos jgufSi yoveli studentis <strong>da</strong>valebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> saTanado (weriTi an zepiri) komentarebi <strong>da</strong>urTos.<br />
magaliTebi<br />
kompoziciis Seqmna minanqris nakeTobis <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad;<br />
samSeneblo naxazebze pirobiTi grafikuli aRniSvnebis swavla;
ekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebos studentis mier naswavl masalas;<br />
miawodeT studentebs saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebis Sesrulebis mkafio<br />
instruqcia;<br />
winaswar gaacaniT studentebs <strong>da</strong>valebis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> krite -<br />
riu mebi;<br />
gauwieT konsultacia studentebs saWiroebis mixedviT <strong>da</strong>valebis<br />
Sesrulebamde <strong>da</strong> aseve Sesrulebis procesSi;<br />
SeaCvieT studentebi pasuxismgeblobiT moekidon saSinao<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebas – mudmivad SeamowmeT is <strong>da</strong> miawodeT studentebs<br />
saTanado komentarebi;<br />
gansakuTrebiT weriTi <strong>da</strong>valebis dros yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> mieqces<br />
plagiatobas – Tavi<strong>da</strong>n un<strong>da</strong> iqnes acilebuli studentis<br />
mier wigni<strong>da</strong>n an interneti<strong>da</strong>n masalis gadmowera;<br />
nurasdros gamoiyenebT saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebas, rogorc <strong>da</strong>sjis<br />
saSualebas.<br />
8.2.6. portfolio<br />
ra aris es?<br />
klasikuri ganmartebiT portfolio warmoadgens Semsruleblis namuSevarTa<br />
erTobliobas.<br />
saganmanaTleblo praqtikaSi portfolio aris studentis namu-<br />
Sevrebis (nimuSebi, proeqtebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.) Tematuri nakrebi, romelic asaxavs<br />
mis <strong>profesiul</strong> ganviTarebas drois garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
portfolioSi warmodgenili studentis namuSevrebi saganmanaTleblo<br />
programasa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi profesiis specifikas asaxavs. portfolioSi<br />
SeiZleba moTavsdes rogorc uSualod namuSevari, aseve misi<br />
foto- an video-gamosaxuleba eleqtronul formatSi. mag. : portfolioSi<br />
SeiZleba Sediodes studentis mier moqsovili gobeleni,<br />
Sekerili tansacmeli, xis an metalis nakeTobebi, aseve studentis<br />
mier SemuSavebuli veb-gverdebi an sxva saxis eleqtronuli produqcia,<br />
dekorirebuli kerZebis nimuSebi <strong>da</strong> a.S. portfolio SeiZleba<br />
139<br />
Sefaseba
140<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
moicavdes informacias yvela im proeqtis Sesaxeb, romelSic students<br />
monawiloeba miuRia <strong>da</strong>moukideblad an jgufis SemadgenlobaSi,<br />
maT Soris sawarmoo praqtikis dros <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c portfolio ganmsazRvreli <strong>Sefasebis</strong> erT-erTi formaa,<br />
misi gamoyeneba mizanSewonilia maSin, rodesac studenti ukve<br />
garkveulad <strong>da</strong>xelovndeba praqtikuli samuSaoebis SesrulebaSi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
asrulebs saganmanaTleblo programiT gaTvaliswinebul<br />
<strong>da</strong>valebebs. portfolios meSveobiT fasdeba studentis codna <strong>da</strong> unarebi,<br />
SeZenili ara erTi romelime konkretuli saswavlo kursis,<br />
aramed mTeli saganmanaTleblo programis farglebSi. Sesabamisad<br />
portfolios gamoiyeneba programis <strong>da</strong>srulebisas ufro efeqturia.<br />
Tu saganmanaTleblo programis struqtura <strong>profesiul</strong>i unar-Cvevebis<br />
gamomuSavebas etapobrivad iTvaliswinebs, maSin SesaZlebelia portfolios<br />
gamoyeneba yoveli etapis <strong>da</strong>srulebisas – am SemTxvevaSi namuSevrebis<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>reba saSualebas mogvcems SevafasoT studentis <strong>da</strong>xelovnebis/<strong>da</strong>ostatebis<br />
progresi programis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
aqve un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom portfolioSi moTavsebuli namuSevrebis<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> kriteriumebi Zalian mkafiod un<strong>da</strong> ganisazRvros subieqturobis<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis mizniT. nebismier SemTxvevaSi portfolio<br />
ar warmoadgens <strong>Sefasebis</strong> erTaderT saboloo formas – rogorc wesi,<br />
portfolio gamoiyeneba <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sxva formebTan erTad.<br />
rogor movamzadoT portfolio<br />
portfolio, rogorc <strong>Sefasebis</strong> meTodi, saqarTvelos <strong>profesiul</strong>i<br />
ganaTlebisaTvis Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT axali realobaa. viTvaliswinebT ra am<br />
sferoSi gamocdilebis naklebobas, gTavazobT portfolios momzadebis<br />
ZiriTadi etapebisa <strong>da</strong> Taviseburebebis mokle mimoxilvas.<br />
portfolios momzadebis etapebi:<br />
I etapi – <strong>da</strong>gegmva<br />
maswavlebelma sakuTari sagnis/saswavlo kursis silabusis Sedgenisas<br />
kargad un<strong>da</strong> gaiazros, ramdenad adekvaturi iqneba portfolios<br />
gamoyeneba sagnis farglebSi naswavli codnisa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis.<br />
Tu portfolios viyenebT ara erTi konkretuli kursis,<br />
aramed mTeli saganmanaTleblo programis Sedegebis <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis,<br />
maSin programis koordinatorma yvela monawile maswavlebelTan
erTad un<strong>da</strong> SeaTanxmos portfolios gamoyenebis sakiTxi. ZiriTadi<br />
kiTxva, romelsac un<strong>da</strong> mivaqcioT am dros yuradReba, aris: saswavlo<br />
kursis/programis farglebSi miRebuli codnisa <strong>da</strong> unar-Cvevebis romeli<br />
aspeqtis <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis gvaklia adekvaturi <strong>meTodebi</strong>? ramdena<strong>da</strong>a<br />
SesaZlebeli portfolios meSveobiT am naklis Sevseba?<br />
Tu ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong>, rom mocemuli kursis/saganmanaTleblo programis swavlis<br />
Sedegebis <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis portfolio adekvaturi formaa, maSin<br />
maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> izrunos imaze, rom studentebs aswavlos portfolios<br />
Sedgena.<br />
maswavlebelma un<strong>da</strong> auxsnas studentebs mkafiod <strong>da</strong> detalurad,<br />
ras niSnavs portfolio, romeli <strong>da</strong> ra raodenobiT namuSevrebi un<strong>da</strong><br />
iqnes SerCeuli, ra <strong>da</strong> rogori kriteriumebiT Sefasdeba <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
sakvanZo kiTxvebia:<br />
rogor un<strong>da</strong> SearCios studentma namuSevrebi;<br />
rogor (rogori TanamimdevrobiT, ra struqturiT) un<strong>da</strong> warmoadginos<br />
isini studentma<br />
II etapi – portfolios Seqmna<br />
es etapi gulisxmobs Sesrulebuli Tematuri namuSevrebis Tavmoyras,<br />
romlebic adekvaturad asaxaven studentis mier SeZenil codnasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamomuSavebul <strong>profesiul</strong> unarebs, maT mier <strong>da</strong>saxuli swavlis<br />
Sedegebis miRwevis dones. portfoliosaTvis namuSevrebis Segrovebisas<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi aspeqtebi:<br />
risTvis iqmneba portfolio? ras un<strong>da</strong> asaxavdes portfolio:<br />
studentis saboloo <strong>profesiul</strong> kompetencias? maSin portfolioSi<br />
mxolod saukeTeso namuSevrebi un<strong>da</strong> Sevides. Tu portfolio<br />
studentis <strong>profesiul</strong> zr<strong>da</strong>s un<strong>da</strong> asaxavdes, maSin is<br />
na muSevrebi un<strong>da</strong> SeirCes, romlebic qronologiurad gviCvenebs<br />
studentis mier gamocdilebis SeZenas, <strong>da</strong>ostatebis xarisxis<br />
matebas.<br />
studenti marto adgens portfolios, Tu maswavleblis ze <strong>da</strong>mxedvelobiT?<br />
ramdenad didia maswavleblis monawileobis xarisxi<br />
<strong>da</strong> rogor aisaxeba es portfolios Sefasebaze? am Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva midgomebi arsebobs – Tu portfolios<br />
vi yenebT saganmanaTleblo programis <strong>da</strong>sasruls <strong>da</strong> is erTgvarad<br />
`sadiplomo naSromis~ rols asrulebs, maSin sasurvelia<br />
studentma maqsimalurad <strong>da</strong>moukideblad imuSavos. xolo<br />
Tu portfolios viyenebT programis mimdinareobisas, maSin<br />
141<br />
Sefaseba
142<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>saSvebia maswavleblis ufro aqtiuri Careva portfolios<br />
Sedgenis procesSi.<br />
vin aris auditoria, vinc un<strong>da</strong> Seafasos portfolioSi warmodgenili<br />
namuSevrebi? SefasebaSi monawileobas mxolod maswavleblebi<br />
iReben, Tu gareSe mowveuli eqspertebi (mag. potenciuri<br />
<strong>da</strong>msaqmeblebi) an farTo auditoria (mag. xalxuri rewvis<br />
programebis SemTxvevaSi)?<br />
III etapi – portfolios Sefaseba<br />
portfolioSi yvela namuSevari un<strong>da</strong> eqvemdebarebodes winaswar<br />
gan sazRvruli <strong>da</strong> SeTanxmebuli kriteriumebiT Sefasebas. <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
kriteriumebi cnobili un<strong>da</strong> iyos studentebisaTvis, rac maT portfolios<br />
Sedgenas gauadvilebs.<br />
sasurvelia, winaswar SemuSavdes <strong>Sefasebis</strong> skala, sa<strong>da</strong>c konkretulad<br />
iqneba gawerili, Sesrulebuli samuSaos romeli komponenti<br />
ram deni quliT fasdeba. isic un<strong>da</strong> ganisazRvros, Sefaseba mxolod<br />
na muSevrebis <strong>da</strong>TvalierebiT Semoifargleba, Tu saWiro iqneba studentis<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>matebiTi axsna-ganmartebebi, rom Semfasebelma sruli<br />
suraTi Seqmnas mocemul produqtze. rogorc wesi, portfolios<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong>as students uwevs Tavisi namuSevrebis Sesaxeb informaciis<br />
miwodeba zepiri gamokiTxvis formatSi. gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aisaxeba<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> saboloo qulaze.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> erT-erTi forma SesaZloa iyos namuSevrebis gamofena –<br />
am meTods xSirad mimarTaven iseTi programebis farglebSi, rogoricaa<br />
dizaini, xalxuri rewva <strong>da</strong> a.S. gamofenaSi monawileoba students<br />
SesZens sazogadoebasTan, klientebTan urTierTobis gamocdilebas,<br />
rac mas momavalSi <strong>profesiul</strong> saqmianobasa <strong>da</strong> karierul winsvla-<br />
Si un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>exmaros. <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis <strong>da</strong>saSvebia gamofenis kombinireba<br />
prezentaciasTan – anu studentebs un<strong>da</strong> SeeZloT sakuTari naSromebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> maTi Seqmnis istoriis wardgena. gamofena SesaZloa Ria iyos<br />
yvela <strong>da</strong>interesebuli pirisTvis, magram formaluri Sefaseba Si<strong>da</strong> Tu<br />
gare specialistebis mier un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes SeTanxmebuli kriteriumebis<br />
mixedviT.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
portfolioSi warmodgenili namuSevrebi uSualod asaxavs studentis<br />
<strong>profesiul</strong> kompetencias;
portfolio <strong>Sefasebis</strong> holisturi meTodia – anu fasdeba mTeli<br />
swavlis Sedegi, studentis codna <strong>da</strong> unarebi;<br />
portfolio gviCvenebs studentis winsvlas/progress swavlis<br />
procesSi, Tu mas programis mTeli xangrZlivobis manZilze<br />
viyenebT;<br />
portfolios Sedgena ukve TavisTavad swavla <strong>da</strong> gamocdilebaa<br />
– am dros studentma un<strong>da</strong> gaiazros naswavli masala, SearCios<br />
Sesabamisi namuSevari – anu Seafasos sakuTari naSromi <strong>da</strong><br />
saukeTeso/adekvaturi aarCios; amiT portfolio xels uwyobs<br />
studentebSi TviT-refleqsiis ganviTarebas, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />
studenti Tavad arCevs Sesabamis namuSevars, anu aqvs adgili<br />
TviTSefasebas;<br />
portfolio exmareba students momaval <strong>da</strong>saqmebaSi, samsaxuris<br />
moZebnaSi – portfolioSi mocemuli masala SeiZleba gaxdes<br />
studentis/kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulis savizito baraTi, misi kompetenciis<br />
ilustracia, garkveulwilad misi reklamac, riTac<br />
<strong>da</strong>mkveTs/ potenciur <strong>da</strong>msaqmebels gauadvildeba Sefaseba;<br />
portfolio kargi instrumentia saswavlo programis/procesis<br />
SesaZlo naklovanebebis <strong>da</strong>sadgenad – Tu studentebis<br />
na muSevrebSi msgavsi tipis xarvezebi iqneba aRmoCenili, es<br />
naT lad miuTiTebs programis an swavlebis meTodikis arasrulyofilebaze;<br />
portfolio amavdroulad maswavleblebis ganviTarebis saSualebac<br />
aris. portfolioSi Semavali namuSevrebis specifika,<br />
raodenoba, Tanamimdevroba; <strong>Sefasebis</strong> kriteriumebi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgindes<br />
saganmanaTleblo programaSi CarTuli yvela pe<strong>da</strong>gogis<br />
mier, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c portfolio mTeli programis ganmavlobaSi<br />
SeZenili kompetenciis Sesafaseblad gamoiyeneba – Sesabamisad<br />
is xels uwyobs pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri personalis erTobliv, gundur<br />
muSaobas.<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
arsebobs garkveuli riski, rom portfolios meTodiT Sefaseba<br />
araobieqturi iyos – Sefaseba niSnavs <strong>da</strong>dgenil stan<strong>da</strong>rtTan<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebas <strong>da</strong> gazomvadi kriteriumebis meSveobiT un<strong>da</strong> xorcieldebodes.<br />
portfolioSi moTavsebuli namuSevrebis <strong>Sefasebis</strong>as<br />
fasdeba ara marto teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebi, aramed<br />
studentis kreatiuloba (SemoqmedebiToba) <strong>da</strong> niWi, rac subieqturobis<br />
saSiSroebas qmnis; mag.: studentis mier moqsovili<br />
143<br />
Sefaseba
144<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
gobelenis <strong>Sefasebis</strong>as obieqturad SeiZleba Sefasdes qsovis<br />
teqnika, qsovaze <strong>da</strong>xarjuli dro, is, Tu ramdenad ekonomiurad<br />
iqna gamoyenebuli masala, <strong>da</strong> a.S. maSin rodesac gobelen<br />
ze gamosaxuli siuJeti <strong>da</strong> ferTa SerCeva ukve rTulad<br />
eqvemdebareba obieqtur Sefasebas. portfolio xarisxobrivi<br />
Sefasebaa, amitom rTuli <strong>da</strong> xSirad sa<strong>da</strong>voa qulebis meSveobiT<br />
studentis mier Sesrulebuli namuSevris Sefaseba. radganac<br />
saganmanaTleblo praqtikaSi ufro xSirad raodenobriv midgomas<br />
iyeneben, sasurvelia portfoliosTan erTad yovelTvis<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> sxva <strong>meTodebi</strong>c gamoviyenoT.<br />
portfolios momzadeba did dros moiTxovs <strong>da</strong> detalurad<br />
gaweril mosamzadebel instruqcias saWiroebs – studentma<br />
un<strong>da</strong> icodes, ra tipis namuSevari, ra raodenobiT un<strong>da</strong> moaTavsos<br />
portfolioSi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
portfolios Sefaseba aseve did dros moiTxovs;<br />
xSirad problemuria portfolios sakuTrebis sakiTxi – vin<br />
flobs portfolioSi warmodgenil namuSevrebs: studenti Tu<br />
<strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centri? am sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia<br />
meore, wmin<strong>da</strong> teqnikuri saxis problema – sad <strong>da</strong> ramden xans<br />
un<strong>da</strong> Seinaxos saswavlebelma studentebis namuSevrebi, Tu isini<br />
mas ekuTvnis? es sakiTxebi, rogorc wesi, saswavleblis Si<strong>da</strong><br />
politikiT ganisazRvreba.<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
mkafiod gansazRvreT portfolios <strong>da</strong>niSnuleba;<br />
aswavleT studentebs portfolios Sedgena - ra <strong>da</strong> ra raodenobiT<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iqnes moTavsebuli portfolioSi, rogor un<strong>da</strong><br />
SeirCes adekvaturi namuSevrebi, ra drois ganmavlobaSi un<strong>da</strong><br />
Seiqmnas portfolio <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
gamoiyeneT portfolio <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sxva formebTan erTad;<br />
SezRudeT portfolioSi moTavsebul namuSevarTa raodenoba;<br />
portfolioSi mocemuli yvela namuSevari un<strong>da</strong> eqvemdebarebo-des<br />
winaswar gansazRvruli <strong>da</strong> SeTanxmebuli kriteriumebiT<br />
Sefasebas.
8.2.7. jgufuri <strong>da</strong> individualuri proeqti<br />
ra aris es?<br />
proeqti gulisxmobs originaluri produqtis Sesaqmnelad an konkretuli<br />
Sedegis misaRwevad gaweul samuSaos, romelic Tavis mxriv<br />
moicavs <strong>da</strong>gegmvas, xSirad kvlevas, uSualod Sesrulebasa <strong>da</strong> wardgenas.<br />
saganmanaTleblo praqtikaSi proeqti niSnavs student(eb)is mier<br />
Sesrulebul samuSaos, romelic erTi mxriv uzrunvelyofs Teoriulad<br />
miRebuli codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebas <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi unarebis<br />
ganviTarebas, xolo meore mxriv, gamoiyeneba rogorc kompetenciis<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> meTodi.<br />
proeqtSi monawile pirTa raodenobis mixedviT ganasxvaveben individualur<br />
(erTi Semsrulebeli) – <strong>da</strong> jgufur (ramdenime Semsrulebeli)<br />
proeqtebs.<br />
studenturi proeqtebis SemTxvevebSi garkveul pirobebSi proeqtebis<br />
Sesruleba <strong>da</strong>saSvebia xelmZRvanelis ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobis qveS.<br />
jgufuri proeqtis dros mniSvnelovania Sesasrulebeli samuSaos<br />
ganawileba jgufis wevrebs Soris; individualuri proeqtis SemTxveva-<br />
Si samuSaos mTeli speqtri sruldeba mxolod erTi studentis mier.<br />
rodis viyenebT?<br />
proeqti, rogorc wesi, Semajamebeli <strong>Sefasebis</strong> formas warmoadgens<br />
<strong>da</strong> uCvenebs, Tu ramdenad <strong>da</strong>eufla studenti saswavlo kursiT an mTeli<br />
saganmanaTleblo programiT gaTvaliswinebul codnasa <strong>da</strong> unar-<br />
Cvevebs. amitom proeqti gamoiyeneba kursis an programis <strong>da</strong>srulebisas,<br />
rogorc saboloo Sefaseba. radganac proeqtSi Sesasrulebeli<br />
samuSaoebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis codnasa <strong>da</strong> unarebs moiTxovs, rogorc<br />
wesi, proeqtiT fasdeba ara calkeuli saswavlo kursi, aramed mTeli<br />
saganmanaTleblo programa – anu praqtikuli proeqtis SesrulebisaTvis<br />
studentma un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenos programis farglebSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
saswavlo kursebSi SeZenili codna <strong>da</strong> gamocdileba. cxadia, proeqtis<br />
gamoyenebis aucilebeli winapirobaa student(eb)is uzrunvelyofa<br />
saWiro masalebiTa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi samuSao adgiliT.<br />
Tavisi <strong>da</strong>niSnulebiT <strong>da</strong> masStabiT proeqti, rogorc <strong>Sefasebis</strong> forma,<br />
uaxlovdeba portfolios – orive SemTxvevaSi studentma un<strong>da</strong><br />
war moadginos <strong>da</strong>srulebuli namuSevari. ganmartebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
portfolio swored sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva proeqtis nakrebs warmoadgens.<br />
145<br />
Sefaseba
146<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
jgufuri proeqtis Taviseburebani<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gvmarTebs, rodesac <strong>Sefasebis</strong> formad<br />
jgufur proeqts viyenebT, imitom rom misi warmatebuli ganxorcieleba,<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> studentebis profesionalizmisa, maTgan garkveul<br />
socialur simwifesac moiTxovs.<br />
jgufur proeqts viyenebT, rodesac:<br />
proeqtis moculoba imdenad didia, rom erTi studenti mas ver<br />
gaswvdeba;<br />
Tu saswavlebelSi praqtikuli samuSaos Sesasruleblad saWiro<br />
resursebi mwiria <strong>da</strong> yovel individualur students ver vuzrunvelyofT<br />
saTanado masalebiT;<br />
Tu gvin<strong>da</strong>, rom studentebma erTmaneTisganac iswavlon;<br />
Tu mocemuli profesia ise<strong>da</strong>c moiTxovs jgufur muSaobas<br />
– maSin programis farglebSi aucilebelia jgufSi muSaobis<br />
ara marto praqtikuli, aramed socialuri unarebis ganviTarebac<br />
<strong>da</strong> proeqti mniSvnelovania realuri <strong>profesiul</strong>i praqtikis<br />
momzadebisaTvis.<br />
jgufur proeqts iSviaTad an saerTod ar iyeneben, Tu studentebi<br />
erTmaneTs jer kargad ar icnoben; rogorc ukve aRiniSna, jgufur<br />
proeqtSi muSaoba socialuri unarebis arsebobas gulisxmobs. Tumca<br />
saswavleblis saganmanaTleblo politika SeiZleba swored proeqtis<br />
farglebSi iTvaliswinebdes studentebisaTvis iseTi zogadi unarebis<br />
gamomuSavebas, rogoricaa pasuxismgebloba, komunikacia jgufis wevrebTan,<br />
lideroba, drois menejmenti <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
maswavlebeli yuradRebiT un<strong>da</strong> moekidos jgufis formirebas. arsebobs<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri midgoma, romelTagan TiToeuls Tavisi<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi <strong>da</strong> uaryofiiTi mxareebi aqvs:<br />
1. jgufSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva unarebisa <strong>da</strong> kompetenciis studentebis<br />
ga erTianeba – idealur SemTxvevaSi, sustma <strong>da</strong> CamorCenilma<br />
studentebma Zlieri <strong>da</strong> warmatebuli studentebis gverdiT mu-<br />
Saobis procesSi bevri ram SeiZleba iswavlon praqtikulad<br />
araformalur garemoSi;<br />
2. Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT susti studentebis gaerTianeba erT jgufSi, raTa<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelma meti dro <strong>da</strong>uTmos maTTan muSaobas;<br />
3. studentebis mier jgufis <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli formireba – am dros<br />
jgufSi erTiandebian megobrebi <strong>da</strong> es garkeveulwilad amartivebs<br />
jgufis muSaobas.<br />
jgufur proeqtze muSaobis mTavari sirTule mdgomareobs jgufis<br />
wevrebis SefasebaSi: xSirad proeqtis Sesruleba erTi-ori studentis
`zurgze ga<strong>da</strong>dis~, maSin rodesac <strong>da</strong>narCenebi ubralod sargebloben<br />
miRebuli SedegiT. an SesaZlebelia, rom jgufis mxolod erTi wevris<br />
pasiurobam <strong>da</strong>azaralos <strong>da</strong>narCenebis muSaoba. SemfaseblisaTvis Zalian<br />
rTulia imis garkveva, Tu vin ra wvlili Seitana jgufis muSaobaSi,<br />
Tu process mudmivad ar akvirdebo<strong>da</strong>. Sesabamisad, upriania<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve maswavlebelTan erTad ganisazRvros jgufis yoveli wevris<br />
funqcia mocemuli proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi <strong>da</strong> rogorc mTeli jgufis,<br />
aseve misi yoveli individualuri wevris muSaobis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> kriteriumebic.<br />
jgufuri proeqtis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> savaraudo pirobebi:<br />
Tu proeqti amis saSualebas iZleva, SeiZleba jgufis yvela<br />
wevrs erTi <strong>da</strong> igive tipis samuSao gaunawildes – maSin aRar<br />
<strong>da</strong>gvWirdeba <strong>Sefasebis</strong> gansxvavebuli kriteriumebis gamoyeneba.<br />
jgufi iRebs saerTo Sefasebas, romelic, amavdroulad, misi<br />
yoveli wevris Sefasebacaa.<br />
yvelaze ufro radikaluri SemTxvevaa, rodesac jgufi iRebs<br />
saerTo Sefasebas, <strong>da</strong> mere misma wevrebma un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvron,<br />
vis ramdeni qula ekuTvnis. es SeiZleba sakmaod konfliqturi<br />
meTodi gamodges <strong>da</strong> amitom misi gamoyenebisas maswavlebelma es<br />
safrTxe un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinos. SesaZloa es meTodi ar Seesabamebodes<br />
<strong>profesiul</strong>i swavlebis centris <strong>Sefasebis</strong> politikas.<br />
samuSaos <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg jgufi waradgens angariSs, romlis<br />
safuZvelzec iwereba saerTo Sefaseba, romelic yvela wevris<br />
individualuri <strong>Sefasebis</strong> vTqvaT 60%-s Seadgens. saboloo<br />
niSnis <strong>da</strong>rCenili 40% ki <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia ukve individualur<br />
gamokiTxvaze, studentis mier miwodebul axsna-ganmartebaze<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
nebismier SemTxvevaSi <strong>Sefasebis</strong> wesi <strong>da</strong> pirobebi winaswar un<strong>da</strong> ecnobos<br />
studentebs.<br />
jgufuri proeqtis <strong>da</strong>wyebisas aucilebelia saerTo Sexvedris mowyoba<br />
an werilobiTi detaluri instruqciebis momzadeba <strong>da</strong> studentebisaTvis<br />
gacnoba. Tu proeqti xangrZlivi an mravaletapiania, upriania,<br />
dro<strong>da</strong>dro sakoordinacio Sexvedrebis mowyoba, sa<strong>da</strong>c studentebs<br />
eqnebaT saSualeba gaiazron Catarebuli samuSao, <strong>da</strong>saxon samomavlo<br />
etapebis Sesrulebis gegma, <strong>da</strong>ekiTxon xelmZRvanels/maswavlebels <strong>da</strong><br />
a.S. igive midgoma SeiZleba ganxorcieldes individualuri proeqtis<br />
SemTxvevaSic.<br />
147<br />
Sefaseba
148<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
ra un<strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT<br />
TavisTavad proeqtis SesrulebisaTvis garkveuli dro un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
gamoyofili – saswavlebelma Tavad un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvros, saganmanaTleblo<br />
programis ra nawils <strong>da</strong>uTmobs student(eb)is mier proeqtis Sesrulebas.<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve gasarkvevia xelmZRvanelis roli, misi monawileobis saz-<br />
Rvrebi, ramdenad aqvs ufleba Caerios procesSi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong>as un<strong>da</strong> winaswar iyos cnobili, ra fasdeba:<br />
<strong>da</strong>srulebuli samuSaos Sesaxeb warmodgenili angariSi?<br />
proeqtis Sedegebis prezentacia?<br />
Seqmnili produqti (Tu amas proeqtis specifika iTvalisiwnebs)?<br />
samuSaos msvleloba <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis gziT Tu yvelaferi erTad?<br />
aqac sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva midgoma arsebobs <strong>da</strong> saswavlebelma Tavad un<strong>da</strong><br />
gansazRvros proeqtebis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> sakuTari strategia.<br />
Pros & Contras<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi mxareebi:<br />
saxelobo ganaTlebaSi proeqti Semajamebeli <strong>Sefasebis</strong> yvelaze<br />
ufro adekvaturi meTodia;<br />
saukeTesod amzadebs students realuri <strong>profesiul</strong>i saqmianobisaTvis;<br />
<strong>profesiul</strong>i unar-Cvevebis gar<strong>da</strong>, xels uwyobs zogadi unarebis<br />
ganviTarebas.<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> sakmaod ZviradRirebuli meTodia;<br />
saWiroebs did dros rogorc Sesrulebis aseve <strong>Sefasebis</strong>aTvis.<br />
magaliTi<br />
sfero: eleqtroSeduReba<br />
mizani: eleqtroSeduRebis sferoSi armaturis SeduRebis <strong>meTodebi</strong>s<br />
praqtikulad gamoyeneba.<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba: eleqtrorkaluri SeduReba<br />
<strong>da</strong>valeba sruldeba studentTa 4 kaciani jgufis mier saamqroSi an<br />
saamSeneblo moe<strong>da</strong>nze.
samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis saWiro aqtivobebi:<br />
samuSaos tipis gansazRvra;<br />
eleqtrodebis SerCeva SesaduRebeli konstruqciebis <strong>da</strong>niSnulebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> foladis tipis mixedviT;<br />
saSemduReblo-teqnologiuri Tvisebebis gaTvaliswineba arsebuli<br />
pasportis mixedviT;<br />
SeerTebis tipisa <strong>da</strong> nakeris mdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiT;<br />
eleqtrodis SerCeva (foladis simtkicisa <strong>da</strong> plastikurobis,<br />
bzaris warmoqmnisadmi mdgradobis mixedviT).<br />
<strong>Sefasebis</strong> kriteriumi:<br />
aqtivoba;<br />
miRweuli Sedegi;<br />
Sesrulebuli samuSaos xarisxi;<br />
muSaobis koordinirebuloba.<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
yuradRebiT SearCieT saproeqto Temebi – Tema saganmanaTleblo<br />
programis Sinaars un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebodes <strong>da</strong> students un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaaCndes am Temis SesrulebisaTvis saWiro codna <strong>da</strong> unarebi.<br />
mkafiod gansazRvreT proeqtis <strong>Sefasebis</strong> kriteriumebi.<br />
Tu studentebi proeqts Tqveni saswavleblis farglebs gareT<br />
asruleben (mag. praqtikis gavlis adgilas, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva partniorebis<br />
sawarmoSi <strong>da</strong> a.S.), gaxsovdeT, rom isini Tqvens saswavlebels<br />
warmoadgenen. moamzadeT studentebi amisaTvis, radganac<br />
maT saswavleblisaTvis kargi an cudi reklamis gakeTeba SeuZliaT.<br />
149<br />
Sefaseba
150<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> ganaTlebaSi<br />
terminTa ganmarteba<br />
akomo<strong>da</strong>cia _ ganviTarebis procesi, romlis dros garemos zegavleniT<br />
xdeba a<strong>da</strong>mianis qcevis Secvla.<br />
analogiuri reaqciis kanoni _ Torn<strong>da</strong>ikis kanoni, romlis mixedviT<br />
roca a<strong>da</strong>miani xvdeba axal situaciaSi, pirvel rigSi mimarTavs<br />
im qcevas, romelsac mimarTav<strong>da</strong> msgavs situaciaSi.<br />
aqtiuri mosmena _ procesi, romelic niSnavs ara mxolod informaciis<br />
gagebas, aramed imis gagebasac, Tu rogor <strong>da</strong> ra emociiT ambobs<br />
informacias a<strong>da</strong>miani.<br />
araverbaluri komunikacia _ komunikacia sityvebis gareSe, fizikuri<br />
maxasiaTeblebiTa <strong>da</strong> qceviT.<br />
aRqmis audialuri stili _ aRqmis stili, rodesac a<strong>da</strong>mians uadvildeba<br />
axali informaciis miReba audialaruli saxiT (rodesac masalas<br />
ismens) – saubrebiT, diskusiiT, dialogebiT.<br />
aRqmis kinesTetikuri stili _ aRqmis stili rodesac a<strong>da</strong>mians uadvildeba<br />
axali informaciis miReba Sexebis gziT, rodesac raimes<br />
akeTebs, Wris, agebs, awyobs an asrulebs rols.<br />
aRqmis vizualuri stili _ aRqmis stili, rodesac a<strong>da</strong>mians uadvildeba<br />
axali informaciis miReba vizualuri saxiT (rodesac xe<strong>da</strong>vs) _<br />
suraTebiT, diagramebiT, cxrilebiT.<br />
asimilacia – ganviTarebis procesi, romlis dros bavSvi Tavisi gamocdilebis<br />
Sesabamisad agrZelebs qcevas.<br />
asociaciuri <strong>da</strong>swavla – <strong>da</strong>swavlis umartivesi forma, rodesac warsuli<br />
gamocdilebis gavleniT erTi movlena asiciaciurad, gaucnobierebad,<br />
ukavSirdeba meores.<br />
biheviorizmi – qcevaTmecniereba, romelic swavlis procesSi a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
qcevaSi cvlilebas Seiswavlis.<br />
gandevna _ a<strong>da</strong>mianisaTvis usiamovno, matramvirebeli mogonebebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
movlenebis <strong>da</strong>viwyeba.<br />
ganpirobeba _ <strong>da</strong>swavlis tipi, rodesac kavSiri myardeba stimulsa <strong>da</strong><br />
reaqcias Soris.<br />
ganwyobis, anu <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis kanoni _ Tor<strong>da</strong>ikis kanoni, romlis<br />
mixedviT a<strong>da</strong>miani iqceva misi cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
Camoyalibebuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
garegani motivacia _ motivaciis tipi, rodesac a<strong>da</strong>miani ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d saqmi
anobs garegani jildos misaRebad: Seqeba, fuladi jildo, ser-<br />
Tifikati <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxinjeba _ <strong>da</strong>viwyebis forma, rodesac informaci ar aris gamqrali<br />
mexsierebi<strong>da</strong>n, Tumca SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>maxinjdes an airios sxva mogonebebTan.<br />
<strong>da</strong>xuruli SekiTxva – SekiTxvis tipi, romlis pasuxebi winaswar gansaz-<br />
Rvrulia.<br />
dominanturi elementebis kanoni _ Tor<strong>da</strong>ikis kanoni, romlis mixedviT<br />
problemur situaciaSi organizmi reagirebs gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan<br />
(dominantur) elementebze.<br />
efeqtis kanoni _ Tor<strong>da</strong>ikis kanoni, romlis mixedviT xdeba im qcevis<br />
gameoreba, <strong>da</strong>swavla, romelsac Tan axlavs `kmayofilebis mdgomareoba~.<br />
verbaluri komunikacia – komunikacia sityvebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
vizualuri stili – aRqmis stili, rodesac a<strong>da</strong>mians uadvildeba axali<br />
informaciis vizualuri saxiT miReba _ suraTebiT, diagramebiT,<br />
cxrilebiT <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
informaciis wyaro – komunikaciis procesSi informaciis gamcemi<br />
mxare.<br />
informaciuli modeli – kognituri Teoria, romelic a<strong>da</strong>mianis SemecnebiT<br />
procesebs kompiuteris funqcionirebas a<strong>da</strong>rebs.<br />
klasikuri ganpirobebuloba _ <strong>da</strong>swavlis tipi, romlis dros Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad<br />
neitraluri stimuli avtomaturad reaqciis gamomwvev<br />
stimulTan <strong>da</strong>wyvilebis Semdeg organizmis analogiur reaqcias<br />
iwvevs.<br />
kognicia _ Semecneba, informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebis operaciaTa nairsaxeoba.<br />
kognitivizmi _ midgomaa, romelic SemecnebisaTvis saWiro procesebs aRqmas,<br />
mexsierebas, yuradRebas, azrovnebas Seiswavlis.<br />
kognituri Teoria – swavlis Teoria, romelic swavlis procesSi kognituri<br />
procesebis gavlenas Seiswavlis.<br />
komunikacia _ a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris urTerTobis procesi, romlis mizania<br />
informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>cema.<br />
konstruqtivizmi – midgoma, romelic swavlis procesSi aqcents ake-<br />
Tebs moswavleze, studentze <strong>da</strong> ara maswavlebelze.<br />
metaSemecneba _ zr<strong>da</strong>sruli a<strong>da</strong>mianis unari, akontrolos sakuTari SemecnebiTi<br />
procesebi.<br />
151
152<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> <strong>profesiul</strong> gana TlebaSi<br />
modeli _ a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelsac socialuri qcevis <strong>da</strong>saswavlad akvirdebian.<br />
modelireba _ modelze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis gziT garkveuli moqmedebebis an qcevis<br />
aTvisebis procesi.<br />
motivacia _ impulsi, romelic ubiZgebs a<strong>da</strong>mians garkveuli miznis misaRwevad<br />
ganaxorcielos mizanmimarTuli qceva.<br />
motivaciis aqtivacia _ gare stimulebis saSualebiT pirovnebaze zegavlenis<br />
moxdena, rac mas ubiZgebs garkveuli qmedebebisaken.<br />
motoruli reproduqcia _ gonebaSi warmodgenili qcevis moqmedebaSi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>tana.<br />
mravali reaqciis kanoni _ Tor<strong>da</strong>ikis kanoni, romlis mixedviT, rodesac<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani ga<strong>da</strong>awydeba problemas, romlis ga<strong>da</strong>saWrela<strong>da</strong>c mas<br />
ara aqvs mza qceva, is mimarTavs mraval gansxvavebul qcevas manam,<br />
sanam erT_erT maTgans saWiro Sedegi ar mohyveba.<br />
mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Teora _ Teoria, romlis mixedviT a<strong>da</strong>mians<br />
8 saxis gansxvavebuli inteleqti aqvs: lingvisturi, logikuri<br />
<strong>da</strong> maTematikuri, sivrciTi, musikaluri, kinesTetikuri, interpersonaluri,<br />
intrapersonaluri, naturalisturi; rogorc wesi,<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mians erTi maTgani yvelaze ganviTarebuli (dominanturi)<br />
aqvs.<br />
mzaobis kanoni _ Tor<strong>da</strong>ikis kanoni, romlis mixedviT nebismieri reaqciis<br />
<strong>da</strong>swavla ar<strong>da</strong>swavla a<strong>da</strong>mianis mzaobazea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli.<br />
negatiuri <strong>da</strong>sja _ pozitiuri stimulis moSoreba arasasurveli qcevis<br />
Semdeg.<br />
negatiuri ganmtkiceba _ ganmtkiceba, romelic arasasiamovno stimulis<br />
mocilebas gulisxmobs.<br />
operantuli ganpirobeba _ <strong>da</strong>swavlis tipi, romlis dros qcevis ganmeoreba<br />
anu <strong>da</strong>swavla <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia qcevis Sedegze.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri mizani _ gegma studentebis mosalodnel miRwevebis Sesaxeb<br />
(gakveTilis, kviris, semestrisa an wlis ganmavlobaSi).<br />
pozitiuri <strong>da</strong>sja _ <strong>da</strong>sjis tipi, rodesac usiamovno stimuli gamoiyeneba<br />
arasasurveli qcevis aRkveTis mizniT.<br />
pozitiuri ganmtkiceba_ ganmtkiceba, romelic <strong>da</strong>debiTi stimulebis<br />
gazr<strong>da</strong>s, <strong>da</strong>matebas gulisxmobs.<br />
proaqtiuri Seferxeba – <strong>da</strong>viwyeba, rodesac Zvelad naswavli masala axlad<br />
aTvisebulis gaxsenebas uSlis xels.
eaqcia _ fsiqikuri an organuli procesi, qceva, romelic stimuliTaa<br />
gamowveuli.<br />
retroaqtiuri Seferxeba – <strong>da</strong>viwyeba, rodesac axlad naswavli masala<br />
Zvelad aTvisebulis gaxsenebas uSlis xels.<br />
Ria SekiTxva _ SekiTxvis tipi, romlis pasuxebi winaswar gansazRvruli<br />
ar aris.<br />
sensoruli mexsiereba – mexsierebis sacavi, romelSic SegrZnebebi inaxeba:<br />
mxedvelobiTi, smeniTi, taqtiluri;<br />
Sinagani motivacia _ motivaciis tipi, rodesac a<strong>da</strong>mians Tavad siamovnebs<br />
moqmedeba garegani jildos miRebis<strong>da</strong> miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad.<br />
stimuli _ nebismieri garemo faqtori, romelic SeiZleba aRqmuli iqnes<br />
grZnobis organoebiT.<br />
swavla _ axali informaciis, codnis, Cvevebis, <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebisa <strong>da</strong> ganwyobebis<br />
SeZena.<br />
swavlis Sedegi – ganacxadi imis Sesaxeb Tu ra icis <strong>da</strong> risi gakeTeba Seu-<br />
Zlia students mocemuli saswavlo kursis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg.<br />
taqsonomia _ klasifikacia, romelic obieqts Tu movlenas aRwers martivi<br />
kategorii<strong>da</strong>n rTulisaken.<br />
yuradReba – garemoSi garkveuli stimulebisa <strong>da</strong> movlenebis SemCnevis<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxvebis ugulvelyofis unari.<br />
xangrZlivi mexsiereba _ mexsierebis tipi, romelic informacias xangrZlivi<br />
drois manZilze inaxavs – kvirebi, Tveebi, wlebi.<br />
xanmokle mexsiereba anu muSa mexsiereba_ mexsierebis tipi, romelic<br />
masalas ramodenime wamis ganmavlobaSi inaxavs.<br />
humanisturi fsiqologia – fsiqologiis mimarTuleba, romelic swavlobs<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis unikalobasa <strong>da</strong> `me~_s formirebas.<br />
humanisturi Teoria _ Teoria, romelic swavlis procesSi gansakuTrebul<br />
mniSvnelobas pirovnul, individualur gansxvavebebs ani-<br />
Webs<br />
153
154<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
erovnuli saswavlo gegma. (2008). erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sefasebis</strong><br />
centri. Tbilisi.<br />
`<strong>profesiul</strong>i ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni. (2007). saqarTvelos<br />
ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministro. Tbilisi.<br />
sawarmoo swavlebis ostatebisa <strong>da</strong> spedisciplinebis pe<strong>da</strong>gogebis <strong>swavlebisa</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> kvalifikaciis amaRlebis seminaris programa. (2002). personalis<br />
kvalifikacia specialobiT `<strong>profesiul</strong>i pe<strong>da</strong>gogika~; teqnikuri<br />
TanamSromlobis proeqtis farglebSi. berlini<br />
<strong>swavlebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> swavlis axali midgomebi. saxelmZRvanelo maswavleblebisaTvis<br />
(I etapi). (2003). saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministro.<br />
Tbilisi.<br />
saxelobo sagnmanaTleblo stan<strong>da</strong>rti. (2008). saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministro. Tbilisi.<br />
Ги Лефрансуа.(2003). Психология для Учителя. Москва, Олма-Пресс.<br />
Зайцева, Ж. Н., & Солдатин, В.И.(1998). Информатизация образования: состояние<br />
проблемы и перспективы М.; ИЦПКПС.<br />
Краиг, Г.,& Бокум, Д. (2004). Психология Развития 9-ое издание. Питер<br />
Маслоу, А. (1999). Мотивация и личность. СПБ.:Евразия.<br />
Под редакцией Борисовой Г.Б., Аветовой Т.Ю. и Косовой Л.К. (2002) Современные технологии<br />
обучения. Санкт-Петербург: Издательство «Полиграф»<br />
Салумаа, Т., & Тальвик, М. (2004). Дидактические основы методов обучения. Таллин:<br />
Merlecons ja Ko OÜ<br />
Хегенхан, Б., & Олсон, М.(2004). Теории научения. 6- е изд. Питер.<br />
Христовский,С.А.(1998). Методические основы проектирования электронного учебника,<br />
Проектирование образовательных информационных ресурсов, систем и технологий. Сб.<br />
докладов и сообщений. М., ИЦПКПС.<br />
Amsel, A. (1989). Behaviorism Neobehaviorism and Cogni-tivism in Learning Theory: Historical<br />
and Contemporerary Perspectives. Hillsale,NJ: Eribaum.
Angelo, Th., & Cross, K. P. (1993). Classroom Assessment Techniques. San-Francisco: Jossey-Bass<br />
Publishers<br />
Backley, R., & Caple, J. (2002). The Theory and Practice of Training. London: Kogan Page.<br />
Bandura, A.,& Walters, R.(1963). Social Learning and Personality Development. New<br />
York: Holtrinechart&Winston.<br />
Ginnis, P. ( 2002). The Teacher’s Toolkit: Raise Classroom Achievement with Strategies for Every<br />
Learner.Cambridge University Press.<br />
Jeanne Ellis Ormrod. (2006). Essentials of Educationals Psychology. Merrill Prentice Hall<br />
Knapp, M., & Daly, E. (2002). Handbook of Interpersonal Communication. London: Sage<br />
Kozma, R. B., Belle, L. W., & Williams, G. W. (1978). Methods of Teaching. Schooling, Teaching<br />
and Learning American Education. St. Louis, Missouri: C.V. Mosby Co.<br />
Mackeracher, D. (2006). Making Sense of Adult Learning. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.<br />
Newby, T.J., Stepich, D. A., Lehman, J. D., & Russell, J. D., (1996). Introduction to Instructional<br />
Technology, Instructional Technology for Teaching and Learning. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:<br />
Educational Technology Publications.<br />
Ryan, K., & Cooper J. (2004). Those who can, Teach. Boston: Houghton Miffl in CompanySt.<br />
Louis, Missouri: C.V. Mosby Co.<br />
Butler. S.M, & McMunn. N.D. (2006). A teacher’s Guide to Classroom Assessment. Jossey-Bass<br />
A Wiley Imprint.<br />
Fenwick.T., & Parsons, J. (2000). The Art of Evaluation. Toronto: Thompson<br />
Educational Publishing.<br />
155
156<br />
veb-gverdebi<br />
http:\\ourworld.compuserve.com\homepages\A_Littlejohn<br />
http://www.pgcps.pg.k12.md.us/~elc/portfolio.html<br />
http://edweb.sdsu.edu/triton/guides/Brainstorming.html<br />
http://www.teachervision.fen.com/assessment/teaching-methods/20153.html<br />
http://www.funderstanding.com/portfolio_assessment.cfm<br />
http://www.learningandteaching.info/teaching/assessment_oral.htm<br />
http://www.tpub.com/content/administration/134t/css/134t_55.htm<br />
http://images.rbs.org/assessment/observation.shtml<br />
http://fcit.usf.edu/assessment/classroom/interactb.html<br />
http://timss.bc.edu/timss1999b/mathbench_report/t99bmath_chap_6_6.html<br />
http://www.hwcdsb.edu.on.ca/ps_resources/pstr_pdfs/Homework-Guide%20and%20Evaluation.<br />
pdf<br />
http://www.clayfi eld.qld.edu.au/index.cfm?action=dsp_content&contentID=45<br />
http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/teachtip.<br />
htm#lessonplan<br />
http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/education/methods/resources.html<br />
http://www.criticalthinking.org/resources/HE/an-overview-to-design.cfm<br />
http://4h.unl.edu/volunteers/toolkit/method1.htm<br />
http://www.tpub.com/content/advancement/14504/css/14504_27.htm<br />
http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/Thesaurus/00002665.htm<br />
http://teaching.berkeley.edu/bgd/largelecture.html
157
158
159
Change language