sabirJo saqmis safuZvlebi
sabirJo saqmis safuZvlebi sabirJo saqmis safuZvlebi
momdevno periodSi vaWrebis Sekrebis adgilma van der burses samyofSi gadainacvla, sadac gacilebiT ufro moxerxebuli iyo Sekreba, dasveneba, savaWro garigebis gaformeba da sxv. ra Tqma unda, Tanamedrove birJebs maSindeli vaWrebis TavSeyris adgils ver SevudarebT, magram principulad orive erT sakiTxs _ ZiriTadad sabiTumo savaWro garigebaTa gaformebas emsaxureboda. 1 Tanamedrove birJebis winamorbedebi adreuli bazrebi da bazrobebi iyo. bazrebze vaWrobdnen regularulad, magram, birJebisagan gansxvavebiT, aq mxolod saxeze arsebuli realuri saqoneli iyideboda, xolo myidvelebi saqonlis uSualo momxmareblebis rolSi gamodiodnen. bazrobebze ki, realuri saqonelis nacvlad, saqonlis nimuSebiT vaWrobdnen da mas savaWro Suamavlebi yidulobdnen. maSasadame, bazrobebze realuri saqoneli vaWrobaSi ar monawileobda. bazrobebi, mxolod regularulad (saaxalwlo, sagazafxulo da sxv.), weliwadis sxvadasxva dros tardeboda. isini saerTaSoriso savaWro saqonelbrunvis ganviTarebas emsaxureboda, xolo bazari gacilebiT SezRuduli iyo da lokaluri an regionuli mosaxleobis moTxovnebs akmayofilebda. industriis swrafma ganviTarebam mudmivmoqmedi sabiTumo bazris aucilebloba warmoSva. aseTi bazari anu sabirJo vaWroba, Tavdapirvelad, espaneTsa da holandias Soris vaWrobis Sedegad XVI s-Si Camoyalibda. sabirJo vaWrobis pirveli forma saqaravno vaWroba iyo, romelsac epizoduri (SemTxveviTi) xasiaTi hqonda. igi regularulad moqmedma bazrobebma Secvala. birJa ki ganixileba rogorc stancionaluri (mudmivi) savaWro adgili muSaobis gansazRvruli droiTa da wesebiT. pirveli sasaqonlo birJebi XVI s-Si evropis savaWro cenrebSi aRmocenda, kerZod, 1531 w. _ antverpenSi (niderlandi), 1549 w. _ lionsa da tuluzaSi (safrangeTi), 1556 w. _ londonSi (didi britaneTi), 1703 w. sanqt-peterburgSi (ruseTi), 1848 w. _ CikagoSi (aSS) da sxv. masiuri saqonliT vaWroba, Cveulebriv, am procesisaTvis specialurad gamoyofil adgilze, mag., bazarze, gamofenaze an maRaziaSi tardeboda. varaudoben, rom am adgilTagan erTerTma birJis saxelwodeba miiRo. ------------------------------------------ 1 xmalaZe g., da sxv. sasaqonlo da safondo bazari. Tb., 1997, gv. 36-37. 17
Cveulebrivi vaWrobisagan gansxvavebiT, birJebze ara marto saqonliT, aramed misi nimuSebiT an specialuri aRwerilobiTac vaWrobdnen. garda amisa, sabirJo vaWrobaSi monawileobdnen vaWar-Suamavlebic, romlebic saqonels msxvili partiobiT yiddnen da yidulobdnen. istoriulad, sabirJo bazris monawileebs sabirJo procesebis mowesrigeba ainteresebdaT, rom SemTxveviT pirebsa da TaRliTebs am saqmianobaSi monawileoba ver mieRoT. amitom bazarze organizebulobisa da mmarTvelobis amaRleba birJis, rogorc gansakuTrebuli organizaciis Seqmnas iTxovda, romelic sabirJo vaWrobasa da mis Semadgenlobas moawesrigebda. birJis cneba, rogorc vaWrobisaTvis gansazRvruli adgilis SerCeva, mis funqcionalur arss asaxavs. esaa darbazi, sadac vaWroben. magram yvela adgili, sadac vaWroben, ar SeiZleba miviCnioT birJad. birJa aris vaWarTa mier iuridiulad gaformebuli organizacia, sabiTumo bazari. sasaqonlo birJa realuri saqonlis safuZvelze aRmocenda, magram ekonomikis Semdgomma ganviTarebam sasaqonlo birJis meSveobiT SeuZlebeli gaxada didi masStabis saqonelnakadebis organizacia, ris Sedegadac realuri saqonliT vaWroba XX s-Si arasabirJo brunvaSi gadavida. Tumca, sasaqonlo birJebi ar gamqrala. maTi ganviTareba ori mimarTulebiT wavida. evropis mravali birJa sasaqonlo bazrebis koniunqturis Seswavlisa da sakonsultacio centrebad gardaiqmna. sxva birJebma fiuCersuli sasaqonlo bazrebi aiTvises anu fiuCersuli kontraqtebis gaformebis safuZvelze mraval saqonelze yidva-gayidvis procesi ganaviTares. amasTan, fiuCersuli sabirJo vaWrobis meqanizmi imdenad universaluri da sicocxlisunariani aRmoCnda, rom igi safondo da savaluto birJebmac swrafad aiTvises. am azriT, birJebis tradiciuli saxeobebi fiuCersuli vaWrobis mxareze gadavida. magram, imavdroulad, erTi mxriv, am birJebs Soris gansxvaveba TandaTan gaqra, xolo meore mxriv, yvela birJis saqmianobis universalizaciis tendencia aSkarad gaZlierda. sasaqonlo birJa Tanamedrove birJebis winapari gaxda da imis mixedviT, Tu riTi vaWrobdnen _ saqonliT, fasiani qaRaldebiT Tu valutiT, maTgan safondo da savaluto birJebi Camoyalibda. 18
- Page 1 and 2: g. jolia sabirJo saqmis safuZvlebi
- Page 3 and 4: naSromSi ganxilulia sabazro urTierT
- Page 5 and 6: nawili meore _ sabirJo saqmis praqt
- Page 7 and 8: nawili meoTxe _ sabirJo enciklopedi
- Page 9 and 10: sxvadasxva formebSi organizebuli ba
- Page 11 and 12: leba SeuZliaT, mag., aiRon sesxad f
- Page 13 and 14: vaWroba arasabirJo brunvaSi gadavid
- Page 15 and 16: sabiTumo vaWrobis formebi organizeb
- Page 17: maSasadame, birJa organizebuli baza
- Page 21 and 22: • XX s-is 70-80-ani ww. _ birJa,
- Page 23 and 24: kontraqtis safuZvlad miCneuli sabir
- Page 25 and 26: ♦ organizaciis principis mixedviT
- Page 27 and 28: erovnuli birJebi erTi qveynis sazRv
- Page 29 and 30: • bazris efeqturobis iseTi meqani
- Page 31 and 32: • masiuri anu mravali mwarmoeblis
- Page 33 and 34: gayidvis faqtobrivi moculoba unda i
- Page 35 and 36: informacia saqonlis sertifikaciis S
- Page 37 and 38: fasian qaRalds arc nivTobrivi forma
- Page 39 and 40: ogorc ekonomikuri kategoria, fasian
- Page 41 and 42: siani qaRaldebia saqonlis (mag., xo
- Page 43 and 44: safinanso bazarze Seqmnili mdgomare
- Page 45 and 46: obligacia (laT. obligatio _ valdebu
- Page 47 and 48: fasiani qaRaldis cneba pirvelad ger
- Page 49 and 50: valutis kursi masze moTxovna-miwode
- Page 51 and 52: • monopsonia (erTi myidveli da ga
- Page 53 and 54: vaWrobis organizaciis TvalsazrisiT,
- Page 55 and 56: civilizacias avrcelebs, romelic mow
- Page 57 and 58: XXI s-is dasawyisidan msoflios wamy
- Page 59 and 60: mniSvnelovnad rTuldeba sagareo-ekon
- Page 61 and 62: nawili II. sabirJo saqmis praqtikul
- Page 63 and 64: safondo birJa Tavisi wevrebis im zR
- Page 65 and 66: 2. birJis saqmianobis organizaciul-
- Page 67 and 68: irJis mmarTvel organos maT finansur
momdevno periodSi vaWrebis Sekrebis adgilma van der burses<br />
samyofSi gadainacvla, sadac gacilebiT ufro moxerxebuli<br />
iyo Sekreba, dasveneba, savaWro garigebis gaformeba da sxv. ra<br />
Tqma unda, Tanamedrove birJebs maSindeli vaWrebis TavSeyris<br />
adgils ver SevudarebT, magram principulad orive erT<br />
sakiTxs _ ZiriTadad sabiTumo savaWro garigebaTa gaformebas<br />
emsaxureboda. 1<br />
Tanamedrove birJebis winamorbedebi adreuli bazrebi da<br />
bazrobebi iyo. bazrebze vaWrobdnen regularulad, magram,<br />
birJebisagan gansxvavebiT, aq mxolod saxeze arsebuli<br />
realuri saqoneli iyideboda, xolo myidvelebi saqonlis<br />
uSualo momxmareblebis rolSi gamodiodnen. bazrobebze ki,<br />
realuri saqonelis nacvlad, saqonlis nimuSebiT vaWrobdnen<br />
da mas savaWro Suamavlebi yidulobdnen.<br />
maSasadame, bazrobebze realuri saqoneli vaWrobaSi ar<br />
monawileobda. bazrobebi, mxolod regularulad (saaxalwlo,<br />
sagazafxulo da sxv.), weliwadis sxvadasxva dros tardeboda.<br />
isini saerTaSoriso savaWro saqonelbrunvis ganviTarebas<br />
emsaxureboda, xolo bazari gacilebiT SezRuduli iyo da<br />
lokaluri an regionuli mosaxleobis moTxovnebs<br />
akmayofilebda.<br />
industriis swrafma ganviTarebam mudmivmoqmedi sabiTumo<br />
bazris aucilebloba warmoSva. aseTi bazari anu <strong>sabirJo</strong><br />
vaWroba, Tavdapirvelad, espaneTsa da holandias Soris<br />
vaWrobis Sedegad XVI s-Si Camoyalibda. <strong>sabirJo</strong> vaWrobis<br />
pirveli forma saqaravno vaWroba iyo, romelsac epizoduri<br />
(SemTxveviTi) xasiaTi hqonda. igi regularulad moqmedma<br />
bazrobebma Secvala. birJa ki ganixileba rogorc stancionaluri<br />
(mudmivi) savaWro adgili muSaobis gansazRvruli<br />
droiTa da wesebiT.<br />
pirveli sasaqonlo birJebi XVI s-Si evropis savaWro<br />
cenrebSi aRmocenda, kerZod, 1531 w. _ antverpenSi (niderlandi),<br />
1549 w. _ lionsa da tuluzaSi (safrangeTi), 1556 w. _ londonSi<br />
(didi britaneTi), 1703 w. sanqt-peterburgSi (ruseTi),<br />
1848 w. _ CikagoSi (aSS) da sxv.<br />
masiuri saqonliT vaWroba, Cveulebriv, am procesisaTvis<br />
specialurad gamoyofil adgilze, mag., bazarze, gamofenaze an<br />
maRaziaSi tardeboda. varaudoben, rom am adgilTagan erTerTma<br />
birJis saxelwodeba miiRo.<br />
------------------------------------------<br />
1 xmalaZe g., da sxv. sasaqonlo da safondo bazari. Tb., 1997, gv. 36-37.<br />
17
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