sabirJo saqmis safuZvlebi
sabirJo saqmis safuZvlebi
sabirJo saqmis safuZvlebi
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safondo birJebi<br />
================<br />
msoflios 60 qveyanaSi 150-mde safondo birJa moqmedebs,<br />
maT Soris, CrdiloeT amerikaSi – 15, evropaSi _ 100, cenralur<br />
da samxreT amerikaSi _ 20, danarCeni _ aziaSi, afrikasa da<br />
avstraliaSi. arsebobs safondo birJebis saerTaSoriso<br />
federacia (Stab-bina mdebareobs parizSi), romelic ganviTarebuli<br />
sabazro ekonomikis 30-mde safondo birJas aerTianebs.<br />
misi mizania fasiani qaRaldebis sabazro struqturebis<br />
koordinacia da aqcionerTa Tanabari uflebebis uzrunvelyofa.<br />
niu-iorkis safondo birJa<br />
(NYSE _ New York Stock Exchange)<br />
aSS-is <strong>sabirJo</strong> sistema msoflioSi yvelaze msxvili da<br />
ganStoebulia.<br />
amerikis sameurneo teritoriis didma masStabebma mravalricxovani<br />
safondo birJebis arseboba ganapiroba. mkacri konkurenciis<br />
pirobebSi sabrokero biznesSi safinanso operaciis<br />
centri gaxda qalaqi niu-iorki _ amerikis <strong>sabirJo</strong> guli.<br />
miiCneven, rom q. niu-iorkSi, uol-stritis 68-Si, brokerTa<br />
jgufma, `xis qveS~, pirveli birJa daaarsa. Tavdapirvelad vaWrobdnen<br />
xorbliTa da TambaqoTi, 1788 wlamde monebsac ki yiddnen<br />
da yidulobdnen. birJis devizi iyo: `iyide iafad, gayide<br />
Zvirad~.<br />
birJaze fasiani qaRaldebis gayidvis Sesaxeb pirveli informacia<br />
1792 wels gamoqveynda. gayidva Suamavlebis meSveobiT<br />
ganxorcielda. im dros niu-iorkSi registrirebuli iyo<br />
mxolod erTi banki _ `Bank of New York~, qalaqis mosaxleoba<br />
35 aTas kacs Seadgenda.<br />
niu-iorkis safondo birJam, Tavisi arsebobis xangrZlivi<br />
drois manZilze, mravali aRmasvla-Cavardna ganicada. am birJaze<br />
sakmaod mravlad iyvnen gamdidrebulebic da gakotrebulebic,<br />
adgili hqonda arnaxul spekulacias, sayovelTao panikas,<br />
TaRliTobas, meqrTameobasa da gamomZalvelobasac. Tumca, bir-<br />
Jis savaWro brunva da monawileTa raodenoba sistematurad<br />
mainc izrdeboda.<br />
amerikis safondo bazrebis istoriaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili<br />
1933-34 wlebis movlenebma Seitana. `didi depresiis~ gamo,<br />
amerikis senatma safuZvliani ekonomikuri gamokvlevebi Caata-<br />
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