loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis

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tarobis efeqtis aRmoCena absolutur nulTan miaxloebul temperatureb- ze an grafitis almasad gardaqmna zemaRali wnevisa da gazrdili tempe- raturis pirobebSi. sxvagvarad arc SeiZleba xdebodes. nivTiereba metad mgrZnobiarea gare faqtorebis zemoqmedebis mimarT. isini cvlian nivTierebis Sinagan struqturas, eleqtronul-ionur agebulebas da, aqedan gamomdinare, fizi- kur-qimiur Tvisebebsac. aRniSnuli faqtorebis kompleqsuri gavlena li- Tonuri masalebis agebulebasa da Tvisebebze jer kidev srulad ar aris Seswavlili. Tvisebebze maRali wnevis gavlenis magaliTad Cveulebrivi yinu- lic ki gamodgeba: atmosferul pirobebSi igi dneba 0 0 C temperaturaze, xolo e.w. yinuli VII, romelic maRali wnevis pirobebSi miiReba, 442 0 C-ze. gamoTvlebiT naCvenebia, rom or milion atmosferul wnevas wyalbadi liTonur mdgomareobaSi gadahyavs. liTonuri wyalbadi ki unda xa- siaTdebodes zegamtaruli TvisebebiT da es mdgomareoba SenarCunebuli iqneba ara marto oTaxis, aramed 10 2 -10 3 K temperaturul pirobebSic. sakiT- xavia, SenarCunebuli aRmoCndeba Tu ara miRweuli liTonuri mdgomareoba zemaRali wnevis moxsnis Semdeg? amis faqti arsebobs. xelovnuri al- masi ar ganicdis TavisTavad ukugardaqmnas wnevis moxsnisTanave. liTonuri wyalbadi miRebulia ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis ma- Rali wnevebis fizikis institutSi. intensiurad mimdinareobs axlo war- sulSi am fantastikuri nivTierebis Tvisebebis Seswavla. liTonmcodneobis TvalsazrisiT kosmosi bunebis mier Seqmnil gi- gantur laboratorias warmoadgens eqstremaluri pirobebiT. kosmosi – es aris bunebrivi Rrma vakuumi, ufaso mzis energia (mzis Rumeli), kosmo- suri sicive – temperatura, romelic axlos dgas absolutur nulTan, uwonadoba, rac kristalizaciisa da kristalebis zrdis procesis marT- vis saSualebas iZleva. uwonadobis pirobebSi SesaZlebelia iseTi nivTi- erebebis Sereva erTmaneTSi, romlebic dedamiwis pirobebSi SeuTavsebelia. kosmosSi kolosaluri sididis daZabulobis magnituri velia – aseuli da aTaseuli miliardi erstedi. aseT velSi Setanili nivTiere- bis atomebi iweleba magnituri velis gaswvriv, Rebulobs wvrili nemsis formas da mkveTrad ikumSeba. Sedegad kristalSi warmoiqmneba metad ma- 87
Rali energiis kavSiris Zalebi. nivTierebis dnobis temperatura milio- namde graduss aRwevs. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom axlo momavalSi metad Zvirad Rirebu- li, qimiurad aqtiuri iSviaTi liTonebisa da naxevrad gamtarebis gamod- noba da damuSaveba kosmosur sivrceSi ganxorcieldes. metalurgia kos- mosSi dRes aRar aris fantastika, aramed sakmaod axlo momavlis realu- ri samecniero da teqnikur-ekonomikuri amocanaa. 88
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m. oqrosaSvili loTonmcodneobis safu
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popularul literaturaze dayrdnobiT g
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1. liToni yvelgan Cvens saukunes zo
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safuZvels iZleva vivaraudoT, rom li
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vilsa da narTs. spilenZi, rogorc ma
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jaos warmoebis aTviseba iTvleba. ma
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libebis, mosinikebisa da tibarenebi
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liveris (samxreT amerikis gmiri) da
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nobebic, romlebsac ufro rTuli agebu
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lebi. avtomobiliT dRes veravis gaak
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li yofila misi meqanikuri Tvisebebi
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Si moculobis 74% atomebiT aris Sevs
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gankuTvnili adgilebis dakavebas da
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tali sakuTari Canasaxidan, anu cent
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moCnda realur simtkicesTan Sedarebi
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kristalebis zrdis pirobebisa da maT
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cisa da medegobis Sesaxeb yvela Sem
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nobebs. TiToeuli jgufis folads gans
Page 37 and 38: sazRvra 1650 0 C-iT, 1935 wels - 14
Page 39 and 40: vizorebi da mravali sxva mowyobilob
Page 41 and 42: vina, radgan SeeSinda, axal liTons
Page 43 and 44: ulati aris saxelganTqmuli foladi, r
Page 45 and 46: iTvaliswinebs namzadis miRebas tige
Page 47 and 48: medicinis istoriaSi cnobilia erTi s
Page 49 and 50: wliurad msoflioSi awarmoeben milion
Page 51 and 52: yoyoCda. ruxi Tujis winaSe ise daiw
Page 53 and 54: nand TavaZis xelmZRvanelobiT jer ki
Page 55 and 56: dili javSnis simtkicesa da Wurvis j
Page 57 and 58: Tavdapirvelad Zvirfas gamocdilebas
Page 59 and 60: ebas, magram siblantisa da plastiku
Page 61 and 62: ebiT axali mxurvalmtkice masalebis
Page 63 and 64: mkvlevars, Aalfred vilms gaumarTla.
Page 65 and 66: wyalbadi friad perspeqtiul saavtomo
Page 67 and 68: sxva tipis TviTmfrinavebis warmoeba
Page 69 and 70: Jangbadis narevi aluminTan iZleva 7
Page 71 and 72: 17. Zneldnobadi liTonebi da Senadno
Page 73 and 74: marcvlis sazRvrebSi da auareseben f
Page 75 and 76: taqtebi srulad gamodis mwyobridan r
Page 77 and 78: liTad, atomuri Jangbadis molekulad
Page 79 and 80: mis mcire danamatebi mniSvnelovnad
Page 81 and 82: cxliswyals. am raodenobis TiTqmis n
Page 83 and 84: adgilas. es mxolod dasawyisia. mikr
Page 85 and 86: evrad ufro metia Toriumis, titanis,
Page 87: is momentSi antena kompaqturad aris
Page 91 and 92: s a r C e v i Sesavali . . . . . .
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loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis

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