loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis

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kermetebisgan amzadeben, magaliTad, raketis maRaltemperaturuli Zravis saqSinebs. 18. keTilSobili liTonebi oqros, vercxls, platinas, iridiums, osmiums, paladiums da kidev zogierT sxva liTons keTilSobils uwodeben maTi araCveulebrivad ma- Rali qimiuri mdgradobis gamo. oqro (t dn=1064 0 C) ar iJangeba gamdnar mdgomareobaSic ki. oqroze ar moqmedebs yvelaze mwvave tuteebi da mJavebi. igi mxolod `jojoxe- Tur~ narevSi ixsneba, romelsac `samefo xsnars~ uwodeben. narevi Sedgeba sami wili marilmJavisa da erTi wili azotmJavisagan. arsebobs ufro metad keTilSobili liTonebic, magaliTad, iridiumi da osmiumi, romlebsac verc `samefo xsnari~ vnebs rames. oqro metad Wedadi liTonia. misi erTi gramidan SeiZleba gamoiWi- mos 3,5 km sigrZis Zafi! vercxli ramdenadme salia oqrosTan SedarebiT, magram isic sakmaod rbili da plastikuria. mniSvnelovnad salia platina, iridiumi da osmiumi. es ukanaskneli `Cempionia~ simkvrivis mixedviT – misi kuTri wonaa 22,5 g/sm 3 , platinisa – 21,5 g/sm 3 , oqrosi – 19,3 g/sm 3 , xolo vercxlisa – 10,5 g/sm 3 . samagierod eleqtro da Tbogamtarobis mixed- viT pirvel adgilzea vercxli. am maCveneblebiT mas umniSvnelod Camor- Ceba oqro. ZvelTaZveli droidan dRemde keTilSobili liTonebis umravle- soba gamoiyeneboda yvelanairi samkaulisa da kbilis proTezis dasamza- deblad. amJamad ki keTilSobili liTonebis 80%-mde ixarJeba xelsawyoT- mSeneblobasa da qimiur mrewvelobaSi. Tu adre oqroTi mxolod taZrebis gumbaTebsa da sasadilo WurWels faravdnen, amJamad maT gamoiyeneben ra- ketebis, dedamiwis xelovnuri Tanamgzavrebis, kosmosuri xomaldebis, da- muxtuli nawilakebis amaCqareblebisa da TviTmfrinavis gansakuTrebiT sapasuxismgeblo detalebis dasafarad. uTxelesi (milimetris memilione- di) oqros feniT faraven hermomuzaradis saCexs, romelic Tavisuflad atarebs xilul sinaTles, xolo infrawiTeli gamosxivebis 60%-s ireklavs. oqro warmoadgens zogierTi qimiuri reaqciis katalizators, maga- 75
liTad, atomuri Jangbadis molekulad SeerTebis reaqciisaTvis. mecniere- bi da konstruqtorebi ocneboben am reaqciis energia gamoiyenon strato- sferuli TviTmfrinavebis SeqmnisaTvis, romlebsac ar dasWirdebaT saf- renad sawvavis maragis aReba – Rrubelzeda simaRleebSi xom atomuri Jangbadi saWiroze metia. igi mudmivad ibadeba Jangbadis molekulebis daSlis Sedegad mzis gamosxivebis zemoqmedebiT. ase, rom SesaZlebelia zeCqarosnulma sakontinentTaSoriso lainerma axlo momavalSi SeZlos ufaso sawvavis aReba uSualod garemodan. am ocnebis ganxorcielebaSi xelSemwyobi swored oqroa. oqros Semcveli Senadnobebi gamoiyeneba mik- roeleqtronikaSi da aRdgeniT qirurgiaSi. teqnikaSi oqrosTan SedarebiT ufro farTo gamoyenebas sxva ke- TilSobili liTonebi – vercxli, platina da paladiumi poulobs. didi xnis win iyo SemCneuli, rom vercxlis WurWelSi wyali ar fuWdeba. Zveli egviptelebi ki daCirqebis gamosaricxad da Sexorcebis procesis mniSvnelovnad dasaCqareblad Ria Wrilobaze vercxlis firfi- tas adebdnen. saqme imaSia, rom vercxli umniSvnelod, magram mainc ixsneba wyalSi, xolo vercxlis metad susti wyalxsnaric ki xocavs mikro- organizmebs. dResac, Zliermoqmedi antibiotikebis saukuneSi, vercxlis gausnebovnebis Tviseba farTod gamoiyeneba medicinasa da sanitarul teq- nikaSi. magaliTad, wyals, romelsac svamdnen kosmonavtebi, damatebuli hqonda vercxli. sarkis amrekli zedapiri sxva araferia, Tu ara vercxlis an alu- minis fena, romelic datanilia minaze. radgan vercxli sxva liTonebTan SedarebiT yvelaze kargi siTbogamtari maslaa, mas iyeneben agreTve sxva- dasxva siTbos gamzom xelsawyoebSi, magaliTad, saaviacio winaRobis TermometrebSi. da kidev vercxlis gamoyenebis erT-erTi sferos Sesaxeb. warmoid- gineT, rom eleqtroSemduRebeli gamWvirvale saTvaleebiT amzadebs samu- Saos, damabrmavebeli eleqtruli rkalis anTebisTanave ki saTvalis mine- bi myisierad muqdeba. rkalis Caqrobis Semdeg saTvalis mina iseTive gamW- virvale xdeba, rogorc SeduRebis dawyebamde iyo. sainteresoa, ra saswa- ulmoqmed saTvales unda xmarobdes SemduRebeli? ubralod, aq gamoyene- bulia minis fotoqromuli efeqti. fotoqromuli minis SedgenilobaSi SehyavT qloriani vercxli. si- 76
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m. oqrosaSvili loTonmcodneobis safu
Page 3 and 4:
popularul literaturaze dayrdnobiT g
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1. liToni yvelgan Cvens saukunes zo
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safuZvels iZleva vivaraudoT, rom li
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vilsa da narTs. spilenZi, rogorc ma
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jaos warmoebis aTviseba iTvleba. ma
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libebis, mosinikebisa da tibarenebi
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liveris (samxreT amerikis gmiri) da
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nobebic, romlebsac ufro rTuli agebu
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lebi. avtomobiliT dRes veravis gaak
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li yofila misi meqanikuri Tvisebebi
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Si moculobis 74% atomebiT aris Sevs
Page 25 and 26: gankuTvnili adgilebis dakavebas da
Page 27 and 28: tali sakuTari Canasaxidan, anu cent
Page 29 and 30: moCnda realur simtkicesTan Sedarebi
Page 31 and 32: kristalebis zrdis pirobebisa da maT
Page 33 and 34: cisa da medegobis Sesaxeb yvela Sem
Page 35 and 36: nobebs. TiToeuli jgufis folads gans
Page 37 and 38: sazRvra 1650 0 C-iT, 1935 wels - 14
Page 39 and 40: vizorebi da mravali sxva mowyobilob
Page 41 and 42: vina, radgan SeeSinda, axal liTons
Page 43 and 44: ulati aris saxelganTqmuli foladi, r
Page 45 and 46: iTvaliswinebs namzadis miRebas tige
Page 47 and 48: medicinis istoriaSi cnobilia erTi s
Page 49 and 50: wliurad msoflioSi awarmoeben milion
Page 51 and 52: yoyoCda. ruxi Tujis winaSe ise daiw
Page 53 and 54: nand TavaZis xelmZRvanelobiT jer ki
Page 55 and 56: dili javSnis simtkicesa da Wurvis j
Page 57 and 58: Tavdapirvelad Zvirfas gamocdilebas
Page 59 and 60: ebas, magram siblantisa da plastiku
Page 61 and 62: ebiT axali mxurvalmtkice masalebis
Page 63 and 64: mkvlevars, Aalfred vilms gaumarTla.
Page 65 and 66: wyalbadi friad perspeqtiul saavtomo
Page 67 and 68: sxva tipis TviTmfrinavebis warmoeba
Page 69 and 70: Jangbadis narevi aluminTan iZleva 7
Page 71 and 72: 17. Zneldnobadi liTonebi da Senadno
Page 73 and 74: marcvlis sazRvrebSi da auareseben f
Page 75: taqtebi srulad gamodis mwyobridan r
Page 79 and 80: mis mcire danamatebi mniSvnelovnad
Page 81 and 82: cxliswyals. am raodenobis TiTqmis n
Page 83 and 84: adgilas. es mxolod dasawyisia. mikr
Page 85 and 86: evrad ufro metia Toriumis, titanis,
Page 87 and 88: is momentSi antena kompaqturad aris
Page 89 and 90: Rali energiis kavSiris Zalebi. nivT
Page 91 and 92: s a r C e v i Sesavali . . . . . .
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