loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis

iTvaliswinebs namzadis miRebas tigelSi gamdnari liTonis CamosxmiT ga-
civebis gansakuTrebuli reJimis dacviT, xolo meore etapze mimdinare-
obs naxevarfabrikatis maqsimaluri deformaciuli datvirTvis pirobebSi
sxvadasxva daxriT Wedvis procesi. SemoTavazebuli teqnologiiT damza-
debulma nimuSebma Tavisi fizikur-meqanikuri maxasiaTeblebiT istoriul
bulatTan sruli Tanxvedra gamoamJRavna, rac imis mauwyebelia, rom bu-
latis damzadebis saidumloeba warmatebiT amoixsna.
zogierTi wyaros Tanaxmad, cnobil damaskos foladSi, romlisga-
nac damzadebuli xmlebi karaqiviT Wridnen mtris xmlebsa da muzarads,
dRevandelma mecnierebma cementitiT (Fe3C) gavsebuli naxSirbadis nano-
ganzomilebis milakebi aRmoaCines.
10. rkina
radgan rkina civilizaciis erT_erT safuZvels warmoadgens, Cvens
saubars teqnikuri liTonebis Sesaxeb swored am elementiT daviwyebT.
uZvelesi egviptelebi rkinas `vaaepre~-s (zogierTi wyaros Tanax-
mad, `binipet~-s) uwodebdnen, rac TargmanSi ciur warmoSobils, ciur li-
Tons niSnavs; mesopotamielebi - `an-bars~ (cis rkina), antikuri saberZne-
Tisa da Crdilo kavkasiis macxovreblebi – varskvlovan liTons. es adas-
turebs im mosazrebas, rom adamiani pirvelad meteoritul rkinas gaecno.
rkinis miRebis teqnologia bevrad ufro gvian SemuSavda, radgan
Wirda saWiro temperaturis miRweva. iyo dro, rodesac rkina oqroze Zvi-
rad fasobda. magaliTad, Zvelegvipteli geografisa da istorikosis,
strabonis cnobiT, afrikis zogierTi xalxi rkinaSi woniT aTjer met
oqros iZleoda. homerosos nawarmoebSi `odisea~ moTxrobilia, rom Tama-
SebSi gamarjvebulebs oqrosa da rkinis natexebiT asaCuqrebdnen. rkinis
metismetad maRal Rirebulebas adasturebs agreTve skandinaviis samar-
xebSi napovni xmali. igi mTlianad brinjaosgan iyo damzadebuli, xolo
mWreli piri – rkinisgan.
kacobriobis istoriaSi rkinis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb kargad esmo-
daT ZvelTa-Zveladac. romaeli swavluli, plinius ufrosi (I saukune)
Tavis naSromSi aRniSnavda, rom rkina adamians aZlevs rogorc Cinebul,
ise uborotes iaraRs. misgan damzadebuli xelsawyoebiT vWriT miwas,
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