loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis
loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis
loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis
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maneTisgan. mocemuli elementis yvela izotopis atomguli Seicavs pro-<br />
tonebis erTsa da imave raodenobas, xolo neitronebis ricxvi sxvada-<br />
sxvaa, rac iwvevs gansxvavebas izotopebis atomur wonasa da fizikur Tvi-<br />
sebebSi. izotopebs erTi da igive adgili ukaviaT periodul sistemaSi.<br />
amgvarad, atomuri energetikis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebeli gax-<br />
da uranis sufTa izotopis miReba woniT 235. bunebriv uranSi aseTi izo-<br />
topis Semcveloba mxolod 0,714%-s Seadgens.<br />
sul male zesufTa masalebi moiTxova naxevrad gamtarebis warmo-<br />
ebamac. ase magaliTad, mTel rig naxevrad gamtar masalebSi minarevebis<br />
raodenoba ar unda aRematebodes erT memiliarded procents, xolo maTi<br />
kristaluri agebuleba idealurs unda uaxlovdebodes. Tu germaniumis<br />
kristalSi yovel miliard atomze mova Tavisi regularuli mdgomareobi-<br />
dan daZruli mxolod erTi atomi, maSin umartivesi tranzistorebis 80%<br />
wundebuli aRmoCndeba. saimedod muSaobs mxolod is naxevrad gamtaruli<br />
xelsawyo, romlis kristalur gisosSi ukidures SemTxvevaSi erTi daZru-<br />
li atomi modis 10 12 atomze!<br />
sisufTavis mixedviT masalebs pirobiTad yofen teqnikurad sufTa,<br />
qimiurad sufTa da gansakuTrebuli sisufTavis masalebad. Tu masala Zi-<br />
riTad liTons Seicavs 99,9%-ze naklebi raodenobiT (danarCeni minarevia),<br />
igi teqnikurad sufTaa, 99,9-dan 99,99%-mde – qimiurad sufTa, xolo<br />
99,999% an mis zeviT – gansakuTrebuli sisufTavis. aluminiT, romlis si-<br />
sufTave mZimis Semdeg xuT cxrians Seadgens, dafarulia msoflioSi yve-<br />
laze didi eqvsmetriani oprikuri teleskopis sarke ruseTSi.<br />
yvela liTonisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia misTvis gansakuTrebiT mav-<br />
ne minarevi, rogorc amboben, #1 mteri. mTavaria masala gaiwmindos ara<br />
yvela SesaZlo minarevisgan, aramed mxolod gansakuTrebiT mavne minare-<br />
vebisgan. es aris Jangbadi niobiumSi, tantalsa da reniumSi; azoti qrom-<br />
Si; wyalbadi vanadiumsa da titanSi; naxSirbadi volframsa da molibden-<br />
Si; gadolini da evropiumi uranSi da a.S.<br />
nivTierebis WeSmariti Tvisebebi gansakuTrebiT sufTa mdgomareo-<br />
baSi mJRavndeba. magaliTad, didi xnis ganmavlobaSi Tvlidnen, rom ura-<br />
nis dnobis temperatura 1850 0 C-ze dabla mdebareobda, magram ramdenad<br />
dabla, veravin akonkretebda. rac ufro meti sisufTavis urans Rebulob-<br />
dnen, miT ufro qvemoT gadaadgildeboda es zRvari: 1932 wels igi gani-<br />
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