loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis
loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis
detalebis masis gazrda. Tumca aravin ar aris dazRveuli imisganac, rom aseTi giganturi nageboba sakuTari wonis zegavleniT gaiWeWyos. adamianma manqanebis, meqanizmebisa da konstruqciebis didi mraval- ferovneba Seqmna. isini asobiT detals Seicaven da yovel maTgans muSao- bis sakuTari pirobebi gaaCnia. zogierT liTonur nakeTobas SeiZleba `mSvidi cxovreba~ ergos wilad, - mcire datvirTvebi da Sesaferisi samu- Sao klimati. sxva detalebi ki SeiZleba mudmivad ganicdidnen mZime, mo- xaxune tvirTis zemoqmedebas. aseTi detalebi droTa ganmavlobaSi cvdeba da male gamodis mwyobridan. arc liTonTa saeqspluatacio maxasiaTeblebia mudmivad SenarCu- nebuli da droTa ganmavlobaSi isini icvleba, anu liToni Zveldeba. gan- martebiTi leqsikonis Tanaxmad, sityva `daZveleba~ gulisxmobs drois mi- xedviT Tvisebebis Secvlas liTonze moqmedi mravalricxovani faqtore- bis zemoqmedebiT. umetes SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli procesi metad neli siC- qariT mimdinareobs. bunebrivia, ama Tu im sferoSi gamoyenebis Tvalsaz- risiT optimalurad miiReba is liToni, romelic miuxedavad masze gare faqtorebis erToblivi zemoqmedebisa, Yyvela maxasiaTebels Tu ara, uki- dures SemTxvevaSi umravles maTgans mainc xangrZlivi drois ganmavloba- Si SeinarCunebs sawyisi mniSvnelobebis zRvrebSi. yvela masala erTnairad ar aris mgrZnobiare daZvelebis pirobe- bisadmi. amitom aucilebeli xdeba masalis saimedoobis garantiis winas- wari dadgena mocemuli saeqspluatacio moTxovnebidan gamomdinare. aR- niSnuli problemis warmatebiT gadaWra warmoadgens erT-erT winapiro- bas konstruqciebis sworad gaangariSebisa da gamoyenebuli masalebis ekonomiurad SerCevisaTvis. amitom liTonmcodneobaSi udidesi yuradReba eqceva masalebis Sedgenilobis, miRebisa da damuSavebis iseTi efeqturi meTodebis Ziebas, romlebic uzrunvelyofen konstruqciebis sicocxlis- unarianobis gazrdas. Tanamedrove teqnikis mravalferovanma da gazrdilma moTxovnebma ganapiroba sakonstruqcio masalebis sakmaod farTo speqtris Seqmna. ami- tom liTonebis klasifikacia mizanSewonilia daniSnulebis mixedviTac ganvixiloT. arCevan sakonstruqcio, saiaraRo da specialuri daniSnulebis (mxurvalmtkice, mxurvalmedeg, koroziamedeg da a.S) foladebsa da Senad- 33
nobebs. TiToeuli jgufis folads gansakuTrebulad gamokveTili Tvise- bebi unda axasiaTebdes, rasac saeqspluatacio pirobebi gansazRvravs. ase magaliTad, liTonsaWrel iaraRs moeTxoveba maRali sisale da misi Se- narCuneba WriT damuSavebis procesSi, mxurvalmtkice foladebs ki – sim- tkicis maRali maxasiaTeblebi gazrdil temperaturaze da a.S. teqnikis moTxovnebis yovelmxriv dasakmayofileblad saWiroa vis- wavloT masalebis miRebis saidumloeba winaswar cnobili TvisebebiT, anu momavlis masalebis proeqtireba iseTive damajereblobiT, rogori- Tac dRes konstruqtorebi iTvlian TviTmfrinavebs, xidebsa da gvirabebs, sacxovrebel saxlebs. am problemis gadasaWrelad mimaval gzebs isaxavs miznad Tanamedrove mecniereba liTonebze. 8. zesufTa liTonebi warmoidgineT, rom qarxana agebulia dedamiwis siRrmeSi. mis saamq- roebSi xelovnurad aris Seqmnili inertuli airis atmosfero. adamianebi muSaoben kosmonavtis kostiumebSi. es ar gegoniT mTvareze agebuli qala- qis fantastikuri suraTi. analogiuri qarxnebi ukve moqmedeben CvenTan, dedamiwaze. mxolod aseT pirobebSia SesaZlebeli zesufTa liTonebisa da naxevrad gamtarebis miReba, romlebic aucilebelia atomuri energeti- kis, mravali naxevrad gamtaruli xelsawyoebis, zegamtaruli Senadnobe- bisa da sxva daniSnulebis masalebis Sesaqmnelad. zesufTa liTonebze pirveli moTxovna atomuri mrewvelobis gan- viTarebam warmoSva. zogierTi minarevis meaTiaTasedi, zogjer memilione- di procentic ki gamousadegars xdis urans, Toriums, beriliums da gra- fits. jaWvuri reaqcia viTardeba mxolod zesufTa uranSi. amasTan, urani ar unda Seicavdes ara marto sxva elementis minarevs, aramed sakuTar izotopebsac ∗ ki. izotopebi ewodebaT erTi da igive qimiuri elementis atomebs, romlebsac gaaCniaT sxvadasxva atomuri wona, magram erTnairi qimiuri buneba. izotopebi fizikuri TvisebebiT umniSvnelod gansxvavdebian erT- _________________ ∗ sityva `izotopi~ berZnuli warmoSobisaa. `izo~ niSnavs erTnairs, tols, `topos~ - adgils. 34
- Page 1 and 2: m. oqrosaSvili loTonmcodneobis safu
- Page 3 and 4: popularul literaturaze dayrdnobiT g
- Page 5 and 6: 1. liToni yvelgan Cvens saukunes zo
- Page 7 and 8: safuZvels iZleva vivaraudoT, rom li
- Page 9 and 10: vilsa da narTs. spilenZi, rogorc ma
- Page 11 and 12: jaos warmoebis aTviseba iTvleba. ma
- Page 13 and 14: libebis, mosinikebisa da tibarenebi
- Page 15 and 16: liveris (samxreT amerikis gmiri) da
- Page 17 and 18: nobebic, romlebsac ufro rTuli agebu
- Page 19 and 20: lebi. avtomobiliT dRes veravis gaak
- Page 21 and 22: li yofila misi meqanikuri Tvisebebi
- Page 23 and 24: Si moculobis 74% atomebiT aris Sevs
- Page 25 and 26: gankuTvnili adgilebis dakavebas da
- Page 27 and 28: tali sakuTari Canasaxidan, anu cent
- Page 29 and 30: moCnda realur simtkicesTan Sedarebi
- Page 31 and 32: kristalebis zrdis pirobebisa da maT
- Page 33: cisa da medegobis Sesaxeb yvela Sem
- Page 37 and 38: sazRvra 1650 0 C-iT, 1935 wels - 14
- Page 39 and 40: vizorebi da mravali sxva mowyobilob
- Page 41 and 42: vina, radgan SeeSinda, axal liTons
- Page 43 and 44: ulati aris saxelganTqmuli foladi, r
- Page 45 and 46: iTvaliswinebs namzadis miRebas tige
- Page 47 and 48: medicinis istoriaSi cnobilia erTi s
- Page 49 and 50: wliurad msoflioSi awarmoeben milion
- Page 51 and 52: yoyoCda. ruxi Tujis winaSe ise daiw
- Page 53 and 54: nand TavaZis xelmZRvanelobiT jer ki
- Page 55 and 56: dili javSnis simtkicesa da Wurvis j
- Page 57 and 58: Tavdapirvelad Zvirfas gamocdilebas
- Page 59 and 60: ebas, magram siblantisa da plastiku
- Page 61 and 62: ebiT axali mxurvalmtkice masalebis
- Page 63 and 64: mkvlevars, Aalfred vilms gaumarTla.
- Page 65 and 66: wyalbadi friad perspeqtiul saavtomo
- Page 67 and 68: sxva tipis TviTmfrinavebis warmoeba
- Page 69 and 70: Jangbadis narevi aluminTan iZleva 7
- Page 71 and 72: 17. Zneldnobadi liTonebi da Senadno
- Page 73 and 74: marcvlis sazRvrebSi da auareseben f
- Page 75 and 76: taqtebi srulad gamodis mwyobridan r
- Page 77 and 78: liTad, atomuri Jangbadis molekulad
- Page 79 and 80: mis mcire danamatebi mniSvnelovnad
- Page 81 and 82: cxliswyals. am raodenobis TiTqmis n
- Page 83 and 84: adgilas. es mxolod dasawyisia. mikr
nobebs. TiToeuli jgufis folads gansakuTrebulad gamokveTili Tvise-<br />
bebi unda axasiaTebdes, rasac saeqspluatacio pirobebi gansazRvravs. ase<br />
magaliTad, liTonsaWrel iaraRs moeTxoveba maRali sisale da misi Se-<br />
narCuneba WriT damuSavebis procesSi, mxurvalmtkice foladebs ki – sim-<br />
tkicis maRali maxasiaTeblebi gazrdil temperaturaze da a.S.<br />
teqnikis moTxovnebis yovelmxriv dasakmayofileblad saWiroa vis-<br />
wavloT masalebis miRebis saidumloeba winaswar cnobili TvisebebiT,<br />
anu momavlis masalebis proeqtireba iseTive damajereblobiT, rogori-<br />
Tac dRes konstruqtorebi iTvlian TviTmfrinavebs, xidebsa da gvirabebs,<br />
sacxovrebel saxlebs. am problemis gadasaWrelad mimaval gzebs isaxavs<br />
miznad Tanamedrove mecniereba liTonebze.<br />
8. zesufTa liTonebi<br />
warmoidgineT, rom qarxana agebulia dedamiwis siRrmeSi. mis saamq-<br />
roebSi xelovnurad aris Seqmnili inertuli airis atmosfero. adamianebi<br />
muSaoben kosmonavtis kostiumebSi. es ar gegoniT mTvareze agebuli qala-<br />
qis fantastikuri suraTi. analogiuri qarxnebi ukve moqmedeben CvenTan,<br />
dedamiwaze. mxolod aseT pirobebSia SesaZlebeli zesufTa liTonebisa<br />
da naxevrad gamtarebis miReba, romlebic aucilebelia atomuri energeti-<br />
kis, mravali naxevrad gamtaruli xelsawyoebis, zegamtaruli Senadnobe-<br />
bisa da sxva daniSnulebis masalebis Sesaqmnelad.<br />
zesufTa liTonebze pirveli moTxovna atomuri mrewvelobis gan-<br />
viTarebam warmoSva. zogierTi minarevis meaTiaTasedi, zogjer memilione-<br />
di procentic ki gamousadegars xdis urans, Toriums, beriliums da gra-<br />
fits. jaWvuri reaqcia viTardeba mxolod zesufTa uranSi. amasTan, urani<br />
ar unda Seicavdes ara marto sxva elementis minarevs, aramed sakuTar<br />
izotopebsac ∗ ki.<br />
izotopebi ewodebaT erTi da igive qimiuri elementis atomebs,<br />
romlebsac gaaCniaT sxvadasxva atomuri wona, magram erTnairi qimiuri<br />
buneba. izotopebi fizikuri TvisebebiT umniSvnelod gansxvavdebian erT-<br />
_________________<br />
∗ sityva `izotopi~ berZnuli warmoSobisaa. `izo~ niSnavs erTnairs,<br />
tols, `topos~ - adgils.<br />
34
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